Shean Gonzales March 12, 2020

11617543 FOUNDEN EH

1. Compute for the development length provided in both the short and long directions and
compare it with the required development length. Determine if the development lengths
provided are adequate.

Given: 450 x 450 mm column

fy = 400 MPa fc’ = 30 MPa concrete cover = 75 mm

Figure 1. Reinforcement Detailing

Development Length Required:
𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒 25𝑚𝑚 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑠, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑖𝑛 𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛,
𝑙𝑑𝑅𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑 = 48𝑑𝑏 = 48 (25 𝑚𝑚) = 𝟏𝟐𝟎𝟎 𝒎𝒎

Short Direction Long Direction

𝑙 𝑐 𝑙 𝑐
𝑙𝑑 = − − 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟 𝑙𝑑 = − − 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟
2 2 2 2
2600 𝑚𝑚 450 𝑚𝑚 3550 𝑚𝑚 450 𝑚𝑚
= − − 75 𝑚𝑚 = − − 75 𝑚𝑚
2 2 2 2
= 1000 𝑚𝑚 < 1200 𝑚𝑚 ∴ 𝐈𝐍𝐀𝐃𝐄𝐐𝐔𝐀𝐓𝐄 = 1475 𝑚 > 1200 𝑚𝑚 ∴ 𝐀𝐃𝐄𝐐𝐔𝐀𝐓𝐄
Since development Length is inadequate, we Since development Length is adequate, we do
need to add a hook. not need to add a hook.
The minimum diameter of the bend is
𝐷 = 6𝑑𝑏 = 6 (25 𝑚𝑚) = 150 𝑚𝑚
 2. Using the column in the problem for square footing, design a rectangular footing if the B:L
ratio of the dimensions of the footing is limited to 1:1.5. The dimensions of the footing are
supposed to be rounded up to the nearest 50mm.
Given:
DL = 1090 kN Base of Footing 1.2 m below final grade γconc = 23.5 kN/m3
LL = 890 kN qallow = 240 kPa fc’ = 30 MPa fy = 400 MPa γsoil = 15.735 kN/m3
Footing Dimensions
Assuming footing thickness of 650 mm,
𝑞𝑒𝑓𝑓 = 𝑞𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤 − 𝑞𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐 − 𝑞𝑠𝑜𝑖𝑙

= 240 𝑘𝑃𝑎 − 23.5 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚3 (0.65 𝑚) − 15.735 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚3 (0.55 𝑚) = 216.07 𝑘𝑃𝑎

𝑃𝑆𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑖𝑐𝑒 𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑 1090 𝑘𝑁 + 890 𝑘𝑁

𝑞𝑒𝑓𝑓 = = 216.07 𝑘𝑃𝑎 =
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎𝐹𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎𝐹𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔

𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎𝐹𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 = 9.164 = 𝐵𝐿 = 1.5𝐵2

𝐵 = 2.472 ≈ 2.5 𝑚 𝑜𝑟 2500 𝑚𝑚

𝐿 = 1.5𝐵 = 1.5(2.5) = 3.75 𝑚 𝑜𝑟 3750 𝑚𝑚
Minimum Depth
𝑑𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 = 𝑡 − 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟 − 𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑠
= 650 𝑚𝑚 − 75 𝑚𝑚 − 1.5(25) = 537.5 𝑚𝑚
𝑃𝑈 2732 𝑘𝑁
𝑞𝑢 = = = 291.41 𝑘𝑃𝑎
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎𝐹𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 2.5 𝑚 (3.75 𝑚)

One-Way Shear
𝐿 𝑐 3.75 𝑚 0.45 𝑚
𝑉𝑢 = ( − − 𝑑) 𝑞𝑢 𝑏 = ( − − 0.5375 𝑚) (291.41 𝑘𝑃𝑎)(2.5 𝑚)
2 2 2 2
= 810.48 𝑘𝑁
1000𝑁
6𝑉𝑢 6(810.48 𝑘𝑁)( 1𝑘𝑁 )
𝑑𝑅𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑 = = = 473.51 𝑚𝑚
𝜙√𝑓𝑐′𝑏 0.75√30 𝑀𝑃𝑎(2500 𝑚𝑚)

𝑑 = 473.51 𝑚𝑚 < 537.5 𝑚𝑚 ∴ 𝐀𝐃𝐄𝐐𝐔𝐀𝐓𝐄

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 Two-Way Shear
𝑐 + 𝑑 = 450 𝑚𝑚 + 537.5 𝑚𝑚 = 987.5 𝑚𝑚
𝑏𝑜 = 4(987.5 𝑚𝑚) = 3950 𝑚𝑚
𝑉𝑢 = 𝑃𝑢 − 𝑞𝑢 (𝑐 + 𝑑 )2 = 2732 𝑘𝑁 − 291.41 𝑘𝑃𝑎(0.9875 𝑚)2 = 2447.83 𝑘𝑁

1 2
𝑉𝑐 = (1 + ) √𝑓𝑐 ′ 𝑏𝑜 𝑑
6 𝛽𝑐
1000𝑁 1 2
2447.83 𝑘𝑁 ( ) = (0.75) ( ) (1 + ) √30 𝑀𝑃𝑎(3950 𝑚𝑚)𝑑1
1𝑘𝑁 6 1
𝑑1 = 301.71 𝑚𝑚 < 537.5 𝑚𝑚 ∴ 𝐀𝐃𝐄𝐐𝐔𝐀𝐓𝐄

1 ∝𝑠 𝑑
𝑉𝑐 = ( + 2) √𝑓𝑐 ′ 𝑏𝑜 𝑑
12 𝑏𝑜
1000𝑁 1 40𝑑2
2447.83 𝑘𝑁 ( ) = (0.75) ( ) ( + 2) √30 𝑀𝑃𝑎(3950 𝑚𝑚)𝑑2
1𝑘𝑁 12 3950 𝑚𝑚
𝑑2 = 335.43 𝑚𝑚 < 537.5 𝑚𝑚 ∴ 𝐀𝐃𝐄𝐐𝐔𝐀𝐓𝐄

1
𝑉𝑐 = √𝑓𝑐 ′ 𝑏𝑜 𝑑
3
1000𝑁 1
2447.83 𝑘𝑁 ( ) = (0.75) ( ) √30 𝑀𝑃𝑎(3950 𝑚𝑚)𝑑3
1𝑘𝑁 3
𝑑3 = 452.57 𝑚𝑚 < 537.5 𝑚𝑚 ∴ 𝐀𝐃𝐄𝐐𝐔𝐀𝐓𝐄
Steel Reinforcements
Long Direction:

1 𝐿 𝑐 2 1 3.75 0.45 2
𝑀𝑢 = (𝑞𝑢 ) ( − ) (𝑏) = (291.41 𝑘𝑃𝑎) ( − ) (2.5 𝑚) = 991.70 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚
2 2 2 2 2 2
1000 𝑁 1000 𝑚𝑚
𝑀𝑢 (991.70 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚) ( )( )
𝐾𝑢 = 2 = 1 𝑘𝑁 1𝑚 = 1.373
𝑏𝑑 (2500 𝑚𝑚)(537.5 𝑚𝑚)2
𝜌𝑓𝑦 𝜌(400 𝑀𝑃𝑎)
𝐾𝑢 = 𝜙𝜌𝑓𝑦 (1 − ) = (0.90)𝜌(400 𝑀𝑃𝑎) (1 − ) = 1.373
1.7𝑓′𝑐 1.7 (30 𝑀𝑃𝑎)

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 𝜌 = 0.0039
1.4 1.4
𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = = = 0.0035
𝑓𝑦 400 𝑀𝑝𝑎
𝑓𝑐 ′ 600 30 𝑀𝑃𝑎 600 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝜌𝑏 = 0.85𝛽1 ( )( ) = 0.85(0.836) ( )( ) = 0.0319
𝑓𝑦 600 + 𝑓𝑦 400 𝑀𝑃𝑎 600 𝑀𝑃𝑎 + 400 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝑓𝑦 400 𝑀𝑃𝑎
0.003 + 𝐸 0.003 + 200000 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝑠
𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥 = ( ) 𝜌𝑏 = ( ) (0.0319) − 0.02
0.008 0.008

𝒖𝒔𝒆 𝝆 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟑𝟗
𝐴𝑠 = 𝜌𝑏𝑑 = 0.0039 (2500 𝑚𝑚)(537.5 𝑚𝑚) = 5240.625 𝑚𝑚2
Using 25 mm diameter bars, 𝐴25 = 490.87𝑚𝑚2
𝐴𝑠 5240.625 𝑚𝑚2
𝑛= = = 10.68 𝑠𝑎𝑦 12 𝑝𝑐𝑠.
𝐴25 490.87 𝑚𝑚2
Development Length
𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒 25𝑚𝑚 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑠, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑖𝑛 𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛,
𝑙𝑑𝑅𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑 = 48𝑑𝑏 = 48 (25 𝑚𝑚) = 𝟏𝟐𝟎𝟎 𝒎𝒎
𝐿 𝑐 3750 𝑚𝑚 450 𝑚𝑚
𝑙𝑑 = − − 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟 = − − 75 𝑚𝑚
2 2 2 2
= 1575 𝑚𝑚 > 1200 𝑚𝑚 ∴ADEQUATE
Since development Length is adequate, we do not need to add a hook.

Short Direction:

1 𝐿 𝑐 2 1 2.5 0.45 2
𝑀𝑢 = (𝑞𝑢 ) ( − ) (𝑏) = (291.41 𝑘𝑃𝑎) ( − ) (3.75 𝑚) = 574.05 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚
2 2 2 2 2 2
1000 𝑁 1000 𝑚𝑚
(574.05 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚) (
𝑀𝑢
𝐾𝑢 = 2 = 1 𝑘𝑁 ) ( 1 𝑚 ) = 0.530
𝑏𝑑 (3750 𝑚𝑚)(537.5 𝑚𝑚)2
𝜌𝑓𝑦 𝜌(400 𝑀𝑃𝑎)
𝐾𝑢 = 𝜙𝜌𝑓𝑦 (1 − ) = (0.90)𝜌(400 𝑀𝑃𝑎) (1 − ) = 0.530
1.7𝑓′𝑐 1.7 (30 𝑀𝑃𝑎)

𝜌 = 0.0015

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 1.4 1.4
𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = = = 0.0035
𝑓𝑦 400 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝒖𝒔𝒆 𝝆 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟑𝟓
𝐴𝑠 = 𝜌𝑏𝑑 = 0.0035(3750 𝑚𝑚)(537.5 𝑚𝑚) = 7054.69 𝑚𝑚2
Using 25 mm diameter bars, 𝐴25 = 490.87𝑚𝑚2
𝐴𝑠 7054.69 𝑚𝑚2
𝑛= = = 14.37 𝑠𝑎𝑦 15 𝑝𝑐𝑠.
𝐴25 490.87 𝑚𝑚2

Development Length
𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒 25𝑚𝑚 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑠, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑖𝑛 𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛,
𝑙𝑑𝑅𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑 = 48𝑑𝑏 = 48 (25 𝑚𝑚) = 𝟏𝟐𝟎𝟎 𝒎𝒎
𝐿 𝑐 2500 𝑚𝑚 450 𝑚𝑚
𝑙𝑑 = − − 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟 = − − 75 𝑚𝑚
2 2 2 2
= 950 𝑚𝑚 < 1200 𝑚𝑚 ∴INADEQUATE
Since development Length is inadequate, we need to add a hook.
The minimum diameter of the bend is
𝐷 = 6𝑑𝑏 = 6(25 𝑚𝑚) = 150 𝑚𝑚

Figure 2. Final Design of the Foundation

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