Experiment 3 Lab Manual

American International University- Bangladesh

Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
EEE4106: Telecommunication Laboratory

Title: Study of PAM-TDM transmitter and receiver

Introduction:

A pulse communication system allows signals from many users to be transmitted

simultaneously over a single communication channel. In a sampling process, there is a time
gap between two consecutive samples in a single-user PAM system. Suppose that we have
several different signals of the same or different bandwidth. If we sample the signals in a
sequential manner, we can put the samples in the time gaps. All these signal samples can
now be transmitted along a single communication channel. At the receiving end, the signals
can be separated and recovered. This multiplexing technique is called time division
Multiplexing (TDM).

The objectives of this experiment are:

1) To understand basic principles of Time Division Multiplexing (TDM)
2) To design and implement TDM transmitter and receiver with PAM signal.
3) To observe transmission and reception of analog signal of several sources with
PAM TDM system.

Theory and Methodology:

TDM scheme uses the full available bandwidth on a time sharing basis. TDM
uses the digitally coded PCM signals to form a frame and a combination of
frames is repeated every 125 µs. Two world wide standards of TDM signals are the North
American or Japanese standard T1 carrier which carries 24 voice channels and
the European standard E1 carrier which carries 30 voice channels each of 64
Kbps. TDM system can be synchronous and asynchronous TDM system. We will use
Modicom 2 board and other related equipments (function generator, timing logic, PL timing
circuit) for this experiment. In the experiment, a band limited message can be converted to
a train of pulses, which are samples of the message taken periodically in time, and then
reconstituted from these samples. The train of samples is a form of a pulse amplitude
modulated PAM signal. In this experiment, several messages have been sampled, and their
samples interlaced to form a composite, or Time Division Multiplexed (TDM), signal
(PAM/TDM). We will extract the samples belonging to individual channels, and then
reconstruct their messages.

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© Dept. of EEE, Faculty of Engineering, American International University-Bangladesh (AIUB)
 Experiment 3 Lab Manual

Pre-Lab Homework:

The students should understand the theory of Pulse Amplitude Modulation and Time
Division Multiplexing before this lab. They should also have the idea of synchronous and
asynchronous system. A basic idea of related equipments will help the students a lot.

Precautions:

 Be careful of handling small equipments/instruments inside the apparatus.

 Be careful if power is supplied to the apparatus when the casing is kept
open.

Apparatus:

 Oscilloscope
 Modicom 2 board
 Power supplies (+12 V, 0 V, -12 V, +5 V, 0 V)

The MODICOM 2 Board Blocks

The board can be considered as seven separate blocks as shown in Fig. 1:

 Power input
 Function generator
 Transmitter timing logic
 Transmitter
 Phase locked timing circuit
 Receiver timing logic
 Receiver

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© Dept. of EEE, Faculty of Engineering, American International University-Bangladesh (AIUB)
 Experiment 3 Lab Manual

Fig. 1: MODICOM 2 Board Blocks

Familiarization of Apparatus ( MODICOM 2 Board blocks)

Power input
The Fig. 2 shows the electrical input connections necessary to power the module.
The LJ Technical Systems' "I.C. Power 60" or "System Power 90" is the recommended
power supplies.

Fig. 2 Power Input

Function Generator
The Function Generator provides four audio range frequencies that can be used to
represent information signals as shown in Fig. 3. It also provides a Sync Level signal
that can be used as a reference for synchronizing the modulator and demodulator.

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© Dept. of EEE, Faculty of Engineering, American International University-Bangladesh (AIUB)
 Experiment 3 Lab Manual

Fig. 3 Function Generator

Transmitter timing logic

Sampling control and the generation of certain synchronization signals is carried
out by the Transmitter Timing Logic unit as shown in Fig. 4. This adjusts the timing
at the receiver to match that of the transmitter.

Fig. 4 Transmitter Timing Logic

Transmitter

Four information signals may be sampled one after the other and all four sampled
waveforms transmitted through a common medium as shown in Fig. 5.

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© Dept. of EEE, Faculty of Engineering, American International University-Bangladesh (AIUB)
 Experiment 3 Lab Manual

Fig. 5 Transmitter

Phase locked timing circuit

This adjusts the timing at the receiver to match that of the transmitter as shown in
Fig. 6.

Fig. 6 Phase locked timing circuit

Receiver timing logic

The receiver Timing Logic as shown in Fig. 7 closes one Receiver switch at a time, in
cyclic order, to separate each sampled information signal from the TDM waveform.

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© Dept. of EEE, Faculty of Engineering, American International University-Bangladesh (AIUB)
 Experiment 3 Lab Manual

Fig. 7 Receiver timing logic

Receiver
The Receiver separates the TDM waveform into the samples for each information
signal as shown in Fig. 8. Each PAM information signal is then demodulated by
passing the sampled waveform through a Low Pass Filter.

Fig. 8 Receiver

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© Dept. of EEE, Faculty of Engineering, American International University-Bangladesh (AIUB)
 Experiment 3 Lab Manual

Experimental Procedure:
1. Identify the functions of the main parts of a TDM transmitter.
2. Recognize how a decoder can be used to control the sampling switches of a
TDM transmitter.
3. Draws and interprets the waveforms associated with a TDM transmitter.
4. Identify the synchronization signals required at the receiver.
5. Recognize the separate PAM signals in a TDM waveform.
6. Outline how a PAM-TDM signal can be demultiplexed and demodulated.
7. Draws and interprets the waveforms associated with a TDM receiver.

Questions for report writing:

1. Draw the all the wave shapes of multiplexed and demultiplexed signals.
2. What is TDM? Explain the advantages of TDM over FDM.
3. Draw block diagram of PAM TDM transmitter and receiver,
4. What is synchronization? Why it is important in TDM system?
5. Make the difference between PAM-TDM and PCM-TDM.

Discussion and Conclusion:

Analyze the findings of the experiment and explain about deviation of the outputs. Make
discussion about the sources of errors and possible ways of improving of the experimental
findings.

References:
1. John Bellamy, “Digital Telephony”
2. B. Forouzan, “Data Communication and Networking”
3. Telecommunication Lab Manual of AIUB

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© Dept. of EEE, Faculty of Engineering, American International University-Bangladesh (AIUB)