BASIC ELECTRONICS

Semester: I/II Year: 2019-20

Subject code: 18ELN14/24 CIE Marks : 40

Number of Lecture Hours/Week: 04 SEE Marks: 60

Total Number of Lecture Hours: 50 (10 Hours per Module) Exam : 3 Hours

CREDITS- 03

1. Syllabus
Module-1
Semiconductor Diodes and Applications: p-n junction diode, Equivalent circuit of diode,
Zener Diode, Zener diode as a voltage regulator, Rectification-Half wave rectifier, Full wave
rectifier, Bridge rectifier, Capacitor filter circuit (2.2, 2.3, 2.4 of Text 1).
Photo diode, LED, Photocoupler. (2.7.4, 2.7.5, 2.7.6 of Text 1). 78XX series and 7805 Fixed IC
voltage regulator (8.4.4 and 8.4.5 of Text 1). 10 Hrs
Module -2
FET and SCR: Introduction, JFET: Construction and operation, JFET Drain Characteristics and
Parameters, JFET Transfer Characteristic, Square law expression for ID, Input resistance,
MOSFET: Depletion and Enhancement type MOSFET- Construction, Operation, Characteristics
and Symbols,(refer 7.1, 7.2, 7.4, 7.5 of Text 2), CMOS (4.5 of Text 1).
Silicon Controlled Rectifier (SCR) – Two-transistor model, Switching action, Characteristics,
Phase control application (refer 3.4 up to 3.4.5 of Text 1). 10 Hrs
Module-3
Operational Amplifiers and Applications: Introduction to Op-Amp, Op-Amp Input Modes,
Op-Amp Parameters-CMRR, Input Offset Voltage and Current, Input Bias Current, Input and
Output Impedance, Slew Rate (12.1, 12.2 of Text 2).
Applications of Op-Amp -Inverting amplifier,Non-Inverting amplifier, Summer, Voltage
follower, Integrator, Differentiator, Comparator (6.2 of Text 1). 10 Hrs
Module-4
BJT Applications, Feedback Amplifiers and Oscillators: BJT as an amplifier, BJT as a
switch, Transistor switch circuit to switch ON/OFF an LED and a lamp in a power circuit using a
relay (refer 4.4 and4.5 of Text 2).
Feedback Amplifiers – Principle, Properties and advantages of Negative Feedback, Types of
feedback, Voltage series feedback, Gain stability with feedback (7.1-7.3 of Text 1).
Oscillators–Barkhaunsen's criteria for oscillation,RC Phase Shift oscillator,Wien Bridge
oscillator (7.7-7.9 of Text 1).IC 555 Timer and Astable Oscillator using IC 555 (17.2 and 17.3 of
Text 1). 10 Hrs
Module-5
Digital Electronics Fundamentals: Difference between analog and digital signals, Number
SystemBinary, Hexadecimal, Conversion- Decimal to binary, Hexadecimal to decimal and vice-
versa, Boolean algebra, Basic and Universal Gates, Half and Full adder, Multiplexer, Decoder,
SR and JK flipflops, Shift register, 3 bit Ripple Counter (refer 10.1-10.7 of Text 1).
Basic Communication system, Principle of operations of Mobile phone (refer 18.2 and 18.18 of
Text 1). 10 Hrs
Text Books:
T1. D.P.Kothari, I.J.Nagarath, “Basic Electronics”, 2nd edn, McGraw Hill, 2018.
T2. Thomas L. Floyd, “Electronic Devices”, Pearson Education, 9th edition, 2012.
Reference Books:
R1. D.P.Kothari, I.J.Nagarath, “Basic Electronics”, 1st edn, McGraw Hill, 2014.
R2. Boylestad, Nashelskey, “Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory”, Pearson Education, 9th
Edition, 2007/11th edition, 2013.
R3. David A. Bell, “Electronic Devices and Circuits”, Oxford University Press, 5th Edition,
2008.
R4. Muhammad H. Rashid, “Electronics Devices and Circuits”, Cengage Learning, 2014.

Subject: Basic Electronics. Subject code: 18ELN14/24

2. Prerequisites for the course

This subject requires the students to know the following:
1. Atomic properties of matter,
2. Semiconductor physics,
3. Basic concepts of differentiation and integration,
4. Passive elements such as resistor, inductor and capacitor,
5. Ohm’s law, Kirchhoff’s voltage and current laws.
6. Basics concepts of communication
Subject: BASIC ELECTRONICS Subject code: 18ELN24

4. Course Overview
The course provides the study of electronic devices such as diode, transistor, FET, SCR,
operational amplifier and their applications at introductory level. The course also includes an
introduction to digital electronics as well as basic elements of a communication system.

5. Course outcomes
After studying this course, the student will be able to:

CO 1: Explain characteristics of different types of diodes with their applications. (L1, L2, L3)
CO 2: Comprehend the operation and characteristics of JFET, MOSFET, CMOS and SCRs.
(L1, L2, L3)
CO 3: Design and analyse simple op-amp circuits such as inverting/non-inverting amplifier,
adder, differentiator and integrators. (L1, L2, L3)
CO 4: Explain the basic operation of amplifiers and oscillators. (L1, L2, L3)
CO 5: (a) Design and analyse simple digital circuits (L1, L2, L3)
(b) Explain the basic elements of a communication system. (L1, L2, L3)

6. Module Overview
6.1: SEMICONDUCTOR DIODES AND
Number of hours: 10
APPLICATIONS

6.1.1 Module Overview

Lecture PO’s CO’s Reference book/
Topics Covered
No. Attained Attained chapter No.
P-N junction diode, Equivalent circuit of
L1 1 T1 /2.2/ 2.3/ 2.4
diode.
L2 Zener diode, Zener diode as voltage regulator. 1 T1 /2.2/ 2.3/ 2.4

L3 Rectification- Half wave rectifier. 1 T1 /2.2/ 2.3/ 2.4

L4 Full wave rectifier. 1 T1 /2.2/ 2.3/ 2.4

1,2,5
L5 Bridge rectifier. 1 T1 /2.2/ 2.3/ 2.4

L6 Capacitor Filter Circuit. 1 T1 /2.2/ 2.3/ 2.4

1 T1 /2.7.4/ 2.7.5/ 2.7.6

L7 Photo diode and LED.
1 T1 /2.7.4/ 2.7.5/ 2.7.6
L8 Photo coupler.
78XX series and 7805 Fixed IC voltage 1 T1 /8.4.4/ 8.4.5
L9
regulator.
78XX series and 7805 Fixed IC voltage 1 T1 /8.4.4/ 8.4.5
L10
regulator.
6.1.2 Module Outcomes: At the end of this module the student will be able to:
1) Explain different types of diodes and their characteristics.
2) Explain the operation of half-wave and full-wave rectifiers.
3) Explain the concept of voltage regulators.

6.1.3 Module Units

6.1.3.1 PN Junction diode, Zener diode and Rectifiers

6.1.3.1.1 Unit Summary

By studying this unit student will be able explain the characteristics of PN junction diode and
Zener diode. The student can also explain the operation of half wave and full wave rectifiers with
basic derivations.

6.1.3.1.2 Unit Outcomes

a) Explain the characteristics of PN junction diode and Zener diode.

b) Explain zener diode voltage regulator.
c) Explain the operation of rectifiers.

6.1.3.1.3 Unit Level Problems

i) Explain the characteristics of PN junction diode.

ii) Explain Zener diode voltage regulator.
iii) Explain the operation of half wave rectifier.
iv) Explain the operation of full wave rectifier.
v) Explain the operation of bridge rectifier.
vi) Derive the equations for IDC, IRMS, Ripple factor and efficiency for HWR.
vii) Derive the equations for IDC, IRMS, Ripple factor and efficiency for FWR.

6.1.3.2 Photo diode, LED, Photo coupler and IC regulators

6.1.3.2.1 Unit Summary

By studying this unit student will be able to explain the basic operation of photo diode, LEDm
photo coupler and IC regulators.

6.1.3.2.2 Unit Outcomes

a) Explain the operation of photo diode, LED and photo coupler.

b) Explain 78XX series and 7805 fixed IC voltage regulators.

6.1.3.2.3 Unit Level Problems

i) Explain the working principle of photo diode, LED and photo couplers.
ii) With appropriate diagrams explain fixed IC voltage regulators.
6.1.4 Module level Problems

Questions CO
1. Explain the characteristics of PN junction diode. 1
2. Explain Zener diode voltage regulator. 1

3. Explain the operation of half wave rectifier. 1

4. Explain the operation of full wave rectifier 1

5. Explain the operation of bridge rectifier. 1

6. Derive the equations for IDC, IRMS, Ripple factor and efficiency for HWR. 1

7. Derive the equations for IDC, IRMS, Ripple factor and efficiency for FWR. 1

8. Explain the working principle of photo diode, LED and photo couplers 1

9. With appropriate diagrams explain fixed IC voltage regulators. 1

6.1.5 Module Learning Strategy

The concepts are planned to explain by chalk and board, PPT.

6.2: FET AND SCR Number of hours: 10

6.2.1 Module Overview

Reference
Lecture PO’s CO’s
Topics Covered book/
No. Attained Attained
chapter No.
Introduction, JFET: Construction and 1,2,5
L11 2 T2/Ch.7
operation,

L12 JFET Drain Characteristics and Parameters, 2 T2/Ch.7

L13 JFET Transfer Characteristic, 2 T2/Ch.7

L14 Square law expression for ID, Input resistance, 2 T2/Ch.7

L15 MOSFET: Depletion and Enhancement type 2 T2/Ch.7

L16 MOSFET- Construction, Operation, 2 T2/Ch.7

Characteristics and Symbols T1/Ch.4
 L17 CMOS 2 T1/Ch.3

Silicon Controlled Rectifier (SCR) – Two- 2

L18 T1/Ch.3
transistor model

Silicon Controlled Rectifier (SCR) – Two- 2

L19 T2/Ch.7
transistor model

Switching action, Characteristics, Phase 2 T2/Ch.7

L20 control application

6.2.2Module Outcomes: At the end of this module the student will be able to:
1)Explain different types of JFETs constructions and their operations.
2)Explain the operation of MOSFET in depletion and enhancement modes with constructions
and their operations.
3)Explain the Silicon Controlled Rectifier (SCR) intwo-transistor model withswitching
action,characteristics and aphase control application.

6.2.3 Module Units

6.2.3.1 JFET, MOSFET and CMOS

6.2.3.1.1 Unit Summary

By studying this unit student will be able explain the construction, operation and characteristics
ofJFET, MOSFET and CMOS. The student can also explain the parameters, expressions with
basic derivations that are useful in solving numerical problems.

6.2.3.1.2 Unit Outcomes

a)Explain the construction, operation and characteristics ofn-type and p-typeJFET.

b)Explain the construction, operation and characteristics ofDepletion and Enhancement type
MOSFET.
c)Explain the construction, operation and characteristics ofCMOS.

6.2.3.1.3 Unit Level Problems

1. Explain the construction, operation and characteristics of n-type JFET.

2. Explain drain and transfer characteristics of n-type JFET.
3. Explain the construction, operation and characteristics of p-type JFET.
 4. Explain drain and transfer characteristics of n-type JFET.
5. Explain the construction, operation and characteristics ofDepletion type MOSFET.
6. Explain the construction, operation and characteristics ofEnhancement type MOSFET.
7. State and derive square law expression.
8. Explain the construction, operation and characteristics of CMOS

6.2.3.2SCR and Phase Control Application

6.2.3.2.1 Unit Summary

By studying this unit student will be able to explain the basic operation of SCR in two transistor
switching model and its phase control application.

6.2.3.2.2 Unit Outcomes

a) Explain the construction, operation of SCR in two transistor switching model.

b) Explain phase control application using SCR.

6.2.3.2.3 Unit Level Problems

i)Explain the characteristic of SCR.
ii)With appropriate diagrams explain phase control application using SCR.
6.1.4Module level Problems

Questions CO

2
1. Explain the construction, operation and characteristics of n-type JFET.

2
2. Explain drain and transfer characteristics of n-type JFET.

3. Derive the square law expression of JFET. 2

4. Explain the construction, operation and characteristics of depletionmode 2

MOSFET.

5. Explain the construction, operation and characteristics of enhancementmode 2

MOSFET.

6. Explain the construction, operation and characteristics of CMOS. 2

 7. Explain the construction, operation and characteristics of SCR. 2

8. Explain the working principle of Phase Control Application using SCR 2

6.2.5 Module Learning Strategy

The concepts are planned to explain by chalk and board, PPT.

6.3: Operational Amplifiers and Applications Number of hours: 10

6.3.1 Module Overview

Reference
Lecture PO’s CO’s
Topics Covered book/
No. Attained Attained
chapter No.
Introduction to Op-Amp, Op-Amp Input
L21 3 T2/12
Modes
Op-Amp Parameters-CMRR. Input Offset
L22 Voltage and Current, Input Bias Current, Input 3 T2/12
and Output Impedance, SlewRate
L23 Numericals 3 T2/12
Applications of Op-Amp -Inverting amplifier,
L24 3 T1 /6
Non-Inverting amplifier,
1,2,5
L25 Summer, Voltage follower 3 T1 /6
L26 Summer, Voltage follower 3 T1 /6

L27 Integrator, Differentiator 3 T1 /6

L28 Integrator, Differentiator 3 T1 /6

L29 Comparator 3 T1 /6

L30 Numericals 3 T1 /6

6.3.2 Module Outcomes: At the end of this module the student will be able to:
1) Explain different types characteristics and parameters of opamp.
2) Explain the applications of opamp for circuits design.
6.3.3 Module Units
6.3.3.1 Opamp Introduction

6.3.3.1.1 Unit Summary

By studying this unit student will be able explain the characteristics of opamp and its operating
principles.

6.3.3.1.2 Unit Outcomes

a) Explain different types characteristics and parameters of opamp.

6.3.3.1.3 Unit Level Problems

i) Explain input modes of an opamp.

ii) Define CMRR. Input Offset Voltage and Current, Input Bias Current, Input and Output
Impedance, SlewRate.

6.3.3.2 Opamp applications

6.3.3.2.1 Unit Summary

By studying this unit student will be able to explain and design circuits for opamp applications
for amplification and operations.

6.3.3.2.2 Unit Outcomes

a) Explain the applications of opamp for circuits design.

6.3.3.2.3 Unit Level Problems

i) Design an inverting summer for z=5a+6b-2c expression.
ii) Derive output voltage for opamp differentiator and integrator.
iii) Write a note on voltage follower and comparator.

6.3.4 Module level Problems

Questions CO
1. Explain input modes of an opamp. 3
2. Define CMRR. Input Offset Voltage and Current, Input Bias Current, Input and Output 3
Impedance, SlewRate.
3. Design an inverting summer for z=5a+6b-2c expression. 3

4. Derive output voltage for opamp differentiator and integrator. 3

5. Write a note on voltage follower and comparator. 3

6.3.5 Module Learning Strategy
The concepts are planned to explain by chalk and board, PPT.

6.4: BJT Applications, Feedback Amplifiers and

Number of hours: 08
Oscillators

6.4.1 Module Overview

Reference
Lecture PO’s CO’s
Topics Covered book/
No. Attained Attained
chapter No.
BJT Applications: BJT as an amplifier, BJT as a
L31 switch and problems on amplifier. 4 T2/4.4/4.5

Transistor switch circuit to switch ON/OFF an 4

L32 T2/4.4/4.5
LED and a lamp in a power circuit using a relay
Feedback Amplifiers – Principle, Properties and 4
L33 T1/7.1/7.2/7.3
advantages of negative feedback,
Types of feedback, Voltage series feedback, Gain 4
L34 stability with feedback T1/7.1/7.2/7.3

1,2,5 4
L35 Problems on BJT and Negative Feedback circuits T1/7.1/7.2/7.3
Oscillators–Barkhaunsen's criteria for 4
L36 T1/7.7/7.8/7.9
oscillation, RC Phase Shift oscillator,
L37 Wien Bridge oscillator and its design 4 T1/7.7/7.8/7.9

L38 Wien Bridge oscillator and its design 4 T1/7.7/7.8/7.9

IC 555 Timer and Astable Oscillator using IC 555 4
L39 T1/17.2/17.3
IC 555 Timer and Astable Oscillator using IC 555 4
L40 T1/17.2/17.3

6.4.2 Module Outcomes: At the end of this module student will be able to:
1) Explain BJT as an amplifier and BJT as a switch
2) Explain types of negative feedback, Properties and advantages of negative feedback,
3) Design RC Phase Shift oscillator and Wien Bridge oscillator.
 6.4.3 Module Units
6.4.3.1 BJT Applications, feedback amplifiers
6.4.3.1.1 Unit Summary
By studying this unit student will be able to explain BJT as an amplifier and switch, and explain
about negative feedback. The student can also design RC Phase Shift oscillator and Wien Bridge
oscillator.

6.4.3.1.2 Unit Outcomes

a) Explain BJT as an amplifier and BJT as a switch
b) Explain about transistor switch circuit to switch ON/OFF an LED and a lamp in a power
circuit using a relay

6.4.3.1.3 Unit Level Problems

i) Calculate the gain of the negative feedback amplifier A=2000, if the feedback factor is 20%.
ii) An amplifier has an input signal of 0.25V and draws 1mA from the source. It delivers 8V to a
load at 10 mA. Determine the voltage, current and power gains

6.4.3.1.1 Oscillators :

6.4.3.2.1 Unit Summary

By studying this unit student will be able to design RC Phase Shift oscillator and Wien Bridge
oscillator. Student can also explain 555 IC.

6.4.3.2.2 Unit Outcomes

a) design RC Phase Shift oscillator and Wien Bridge oscillator.

b) Explain IC 555 Timer and Astable Oscillator using IC 555 Timer

6.4.3.2.3 Unit Level Problems

i) Design a RC phase-shift oscillator for f0=1kHz
ii) Design a Wien Bridge oscillator for f0=1kHz

6.4.4 Module level Problems

Questions CO

1. Calculate the gain of the negative feedback amplifier A=2000, if the feedback factor is 50%. 4
2. An amplifier has an input signal of 0.25V and draws 1mA from the source. It delivers 8V to a 4
load at 10 mA. Determine the voltage, current and power gains
3. The open loop gain of an amplifier is A=105 and the closed loop gain is Af=20 4
1) What is feedback factor 2) What is the ratio of A f to (1/β)
4. Design a RC phase-shift oscillato r and Wien Bridge oscillator for f0=2kHz 4

5. 555 timer is connected as astable multivibrator for frequency 400kHz. Calculate the voltage of 4
C if R1=R2=8kΩ
 6.4.5 Module Learning Strategy
The concepts are explained by chalk and board and ppt.

6.5: Digital Electronics Fundamentals: Number of hours: 08

6.5.1 Module Overview

Reference
Lecture PO’s CO’s
Topics Covered book/
No. Attained Attained
chapter No.
L41 Difference between analog and digital 5 T1/10.1
signals, Number System Binary
Hexadecimal, Conversion- Decimal to 5 T1/10.2
L42 binary, Hexadecimal to decimal and vice-
versa,
Hexadecimal to decimal and vice-versa, 5 T1/10.3
L43 and 1’s and 2’s compliments
5 T1/10.4
L44 Boolean algebra
Basic and Universal Gates, Half and Full 5 T1/10.5
L45 adder, Multiplexer
1,2,5
5 T1/10.6
L46 Multiplexer, Decoder, SR and JK flipflops

L47 Shift register, 3 bit Ripple Counter 5 T1/10.7

5 T1/10.7
L48 Shift register, 3 bit Ripple Counter
5 T1/18.1 and
Basic Communication system, Principle of
L49 operations of Mobile phone 18.18

5 T1/18.1 and
Basic Communication system, Principle of
L50 18.18
operations of Mobile phone

6.5.2 Module Outcomes: At the end of this module student will be able to:
a. Convert- Decimal to binary, Hexadecimal to decimal and vice-versa,
b. Design combinational circuits.
c. Design sequentional circuits.

6.5.3.1 Module Units

6.5.3.1 Digital electronics fundamentals:

6.5.3.1.1 Unit Summary
By studying this unit student will be able to design all types of combinational circuits.

6.5.3.1.2 Unit Outcomes

a) Explain all types of logic gates.
b) Design all types of combinational circuits.
 6.5.3.1.3 Unit Level Problems
i) Prove the De-Morgan’s theorem using two or three variables.
ii) Explain adder circuits with suitable design.

6.5.3.2 Communication system.

6.5.3.2.1 Unit Summary

By studying this unit student will be able to explain elements of communication system and
operation of mobile phone.

6.5.3.2.2 Unit Outcomes

a) explain elements of communication system.

b) explain operation of mobile phone.

6.5.3.2.3 Unit Level Problems

i) explain elements of communication system.
ii) explain operation of mobile phone.

6.5.4 Module level Problems

Questions CO
1. Prove that NAND and NOR gates are universal gates. 5
2. Design decoder, encoder and MUX. 5

3. Design RS flip-flop using NOR and NAND and also JK flip-flop 5

4. Explain shift register and counter. 5

5. explain elements of communication system and operation of mobile phone. 5

6.5.5 Module Learning Strategy

The concepts are explained by chalk and board and ppt.