IEC COLLEGE OF ART & FASHION

Affiliated with Limkokwing University of

Creative Technology

Literature Review
Literature review is a scholarly paper, which includes the current knowledge including
substantive finding, as well as theoretical and methodological contributions to a particular
topic.

Retail Store
Retail is the means by which people exchange money for goods and services. Whether within
a storefront or an e-commerce site, retail encompasses the sale of items to the public for a
profit. So, if you’ve bought anything in your entire life, you’ve participated in retail. A
store is a business enterprise whose primary source of selling comes from
retailing. Retailing includes all the activities involved in selling of goods or services directly to
final consumer for personal, non-business use.

Types of Retail Store

There are various types of retail store.
Here are few types
1. Boutique
2. Toy Store
3. Clothing
4. Jewellery
5. Liquor shop
6. Watch
7. Fruits
8. Sports
9. Specs
10. Groceries...

Introduction
Laptops and Gadgets Store
For this project of designing a retail store, I have chosen to design a laptop and gadget store.
A laptops and gadgets store is meant to be type of retail store which mainly focus on selling
laptops and computers but also sells gadgets and techs related to computing such and
headphones, graphic cards, mouse, keyboards, speakers, coolers, consoles, controllers, ram,
hard drives, SSDs. Etc.

History and Evolution of Computers

Apple Macintosh
The very first reliable personal computer dates back to 1980s when Steve Jobs introduced
Apple Macintosh, it was a revolutionary period for computer industry. Consumer Reports
called it a "dazzling display of technical wizardry." It was the first computer which was
affordable and easy to use for all the people who have very little to no idea of using a

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2019 batch (3nd sem)
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computer. Before then every computers were rather too advanced to use or was too
expensive for normal citizens.

Fig 1: Apple Machintosh Fig 2: iMac G3

iMac G3
In the 90s apple released the famous iMac G3 which was customizable. The iMac G3 was
launched in 1998 after Steve Jobs return to Apple in 1997. The computer quickly became
known for its Bondi blue, clear casing. The 38-pound iMac included USP ports, a keyboard,
and a mouse. It was meant to be portable and customizable.
The company sold 800,000 computers in the first five months, saving Apple from extinction.

IBM ThinkPad
The popular IBM ThinkPad series became widely popular after its launch in 1992. It ditched
the ugly backside earlier laptops had and instead folded completely in half, display on top,
keyboard on the bottom. Additionally, ThinkPad was notable for TrackPoint, a tiny pointing
device built in to the keyboard to manoeuvre the mouse on screen. The ThinkPad line still
exists today under Lenovo

Fig 2: iMac G3
Fig 2: Dell

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Dell
As the evolution of laptop design started to slow down a bit in the mid-2000s, it became
harder to pick a singular laptop with a large impact. Instead, in the early ’00s, Dell began to
rule the computer market. Everyone knew the “Dude, you’re getting a Dell.” slogan. There is
also a decent chance you probably know someone who at some point who owned a Dell. At
this point, laptop designs kept getting thinner and lighter. Displays expanded farther toward
the edges of the device. Plus, shiny vibrant colors were out, silver was in.

MacBook Air
The reason why Apple appears so many times on this list is it’s easily the most disruptive
computer company. Whether you like iOS or Android, you can’t deny Apple consistently
pushed the envelope in Mac products. In 2008, Apple debuted the thinnest laptop in the
world: the MacBook Air. But it became even more infamous for its lack of disc drive, Ethernet
port and much of any other port. It was still a gorgeously minimalist product that didn’t
compromise on battery life, though slow and overpriced at its birth. Many laptops have since
followed suit with the trend toward extreme thinness and lack of ports

Fig 2: Microsoft Surface

Fig 2: MacBook Air

Microsoft Surface
The Microsoft Surface got off to a bumpy start with frequent complaints of slowness and
bugginess upon initial release in 2012, but it’s been a decent hit for Microsoft since then. After
companies experimented for years, the Surface was one of the first to get the tablet and
laptop combination right. Often considered a tablet more than a laptop, it still technically
functions as a laptop with an adjustable kickstand and keyboard.

Gaming Laptops
Razer Blade Stealth Series
Razer blade stealth series is a laptop lineup from a Razer. The device was first launched
January 6, 2016 during Consumer Electronics Show with a Razer Core: the external graphics
box. This product had a CES 2016 best laptop award due to the unique design of detaching
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powerful GPU from the gaming computer by using External graphics card box that uses
Thunderbolt 3 connection.

Fig 2: Razer Blade Stealth Fig 2: Msi Stealth

Msi Laptops
MSI wasn’t the worst brand in this survey, but the company scored a pretty low second-to-
last-place finish. That’s mostly due to the MSI’s dismal tech support and the company’s
unwillingness to break out of its tired designs.
Despite that, MSI is still pumping out great gaming laptops, and has even been working on
consumer laptops. On top of that, the company has certainly stepped up its game when it
comes to innovation.

Why Laptops and gadgets store?

Since the beginning of the 21st century computers and laptops have been very essential needs
of human beings. It is used in almost every field from technical fields like programming,
filmmaking, music composing to fields which are not related to any computer works such as
marketing, grocery stores, cinema halls etc.
In this generation almost every home owns a computer, either for the purpose of work or for
the entertainment purpose such as browsing the internet, listening to music or playing video
games. There are definitely lots of laptops store around the country. Lots of good ones as
well.
But my goal for this project is to design a very attractive store incorporating the theme of
computers and technology. A lots of laptops store in the market are very basic in terms of
design and interior even though the techs they sell are marvellous.
Therefore, I wanted to take a different approach to selling computers by letting the costumers
enter in a very different environment as soon as they enter the store. I want to make them
feel like they are entering a toy story of tech.
Otherwise there is no point in creating a new store which is same as all the other laptops store
already available in the country.

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2019 batch (3nd sem)
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Products other than Laptops

The main selling item is ofcourse Laptops. But since its laptops and gadgets store, I also plan
on putting few other items to sell in the store.
Here are few list:
1. Custom Pc
A custom-built is a computer assembled from
available components, usually commercial off-
the-shelf (COTS) components, rather than
purchased as a complete system from a
computer system supplier, also known as pre-
built systems. Custom built or Homebuilt
computer is usually considered cheaper to
assemble as compared to buying a pre-built
computer, since it excludes the labor
associated with building a computer, and
instead the labor is done by the end-user in
assembling their own homebuilt computer.

2. Video card
A video card (also called a display
card, graphics card, display adapter,
or graphics adapter) is an expansion
card which generates a feed of output
images to a display device (such as
a computer monitor). Frequently, these are
advertised as discrete or dedicated graphics
cards, emphasizing the distinction between
these and integrated graphics. At the core of
both is the graphics processing unit (GPU),
which is the main part that does the actual
computations, but should not be confused with the video card as a whole, although
"GPU" is often used to refer to video cards.

3. Console
A video game console is
a computer device that outputs a video
signal or visual image to display a video
game that one or more people can
play.The term "video game console" is
primarily used to distinguish a console
machine primarily designed for
consumers to use for playing video games,
in contrast to arcade machines or home
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computers. An arcade machine consists of a video game computer, display, game

controller (joystick, buttons, etc.) and speakers housed in large or small chassis.
A home computer is a personal computer designed for home use for a variety of
purposes, such as bookkeeping, accessing the Internet and playing video games. While
arcades and computers are generally expensive or highly "technical" devices, video
game consoles were designed with affordability and accessibility to the general
public in mind.

4. Monitor
A computer monitor is an output device
that displays information in pictorial
form. A monitor usually comprises
the visual display, circuitry, casing,
and power supply. The display device in
modern monitors is typically a thin film
transistor liquid crystal display (TFT-LCD)
with LED backlighting having
replaced cold-cathode fluorescent
lamp (CCFL) backlighting. Older monitors
used a cathode ray tube (CRT). Monitors
are connected to the computer
via VGA, Digital Visual Interface (DVI), HDMI, DisplayPort, Thunderbolt, low-voltage
differential signalling (LVDS) or other proprietary connectors and signals

5. Speakers
Computer speakers, or multimedia speakers,
are speakers sold for use with computers,
although usually capable of other audio
uses, e.g. for an MP3 player. Most such
speakers have an internal amplifier and
consequently require a power source, which
may be by a mains power supply often via
an AC adapter, batteries, or a USB port. The
signal input connector is often a 3.5 mm jack
plug (usually color-coded lime green per
the PC 99 standard); RCA connectors are
sometimes used, and a USB port may supply
both signal and power (requiring additional
circuitry, and only suitable for use with a
computer). Battery-powered wireless Bluetooth speakers require no connections at
all.

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6. Headphones
Headphones (or head-phones in the early days
of telephony and radio) traditionally refer to a
pair of small loudspeaker drivers worn on or
around the head over a user's ears. They
are electroacoustic transducers, which
convert an electrical signal to a
corresponding sound. Headphones let a single
user listen to an audio source privately, in
contrast to a loudspeaker, which emits sound
into the open air for anyone nearby to hear.
Headphones are also known as ear speakers,
earphones or, colloquially, cans. Circumoral
('around the ear') and supra-aural ('over the ear') headphones use a band over the top
of the head to hold the speakers in place. Another type, known
as earbuds or earpieces consist of individual units that plug into the user's ear canal.
A third type are bone conduction headphones, which typically wrap around the back
of the head and rest in front of the ear canal, leaving the ear canal open. In the context
of telecommunication, a headset is a combination of headphone and microphone.

7. Mouse
A computer mouse (plural mice or mouses) is a hand-held pointing device that
detects two-dimensional motion relative to a surface. This motion is typically
translated into the motion of a pointer on a display, which allows a smooth control of
the graphical user interface of a computer.

8. Keyboards
A computer keyboard is a typewriter-style device[1] which uses an arrangement of
buttons or keys to act as mechanical levers or electronic switches. Following the
decline of punch cards and paper tape, interaction via teleprinter-style keyboards
became the main input method for computers.

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Brands
1. Dell
Dell Inc., which operates under the brand name Dell, is an
American multinational computer technology
company that develops, sells, repairs, and
supports computers and related products and
services. Named after its founder, Michael Dell,
the company is one of the largest technological
corporations in the world, employing more than
145,000 people in the U.S. and around the world
Dell sells personal computers (PCs), servers, data
storage devices, network switches, software,
computer peripherals, HDTVs, cameras, printers,
MP3 players, and electronics built by other
manufacturers. The company is well known for
its innovations in supply chain management and electronic commerce, particularly its
direct-sales model and its "build-to-order" or "configure to order" approach to
manufacturing—delivering individual PCs configured to customer specifications. Dell
was a pure hardware vendor for much of its existence, but with the acquisition in 2009
of Perot Systems, Dell entered the market for IT services. The company has since made
additional acquisitions in storage and networking systems, with the aim of expanding
their portfolio from offering computers only to delivering complete solutions for
enterprise customers.

2. Acer
Acer Inc. commonly known as Acer and
stylized as acer) is
a Taiwanese multinational hardware and
electronics corporation, specializing
inadvanced electronics technology,
headquartered in Xizhi, New Taipei
City, Taiwan. Acer's products
include desktop PCs, laptop PCs
(clamshells, 2-in-1s, convertibles and Chromebooks), tablets, servers, storage
devices, virtual reality devices, displays, smartphones and peripherals.
Acer also sells gaming PCs and accessories under its Predator brand. In the early
2000s, Acer implemented a new business model, shifting from a manufacturer to a
designer, marketer and distributor of products, while performing production
processes via contract manufacturers. In 2015, Acer was the sixth-largest personal
computer vendor in the world. Currently, in addition to its core IT products business,
Acer also has a new business entity that focuses on the integration of cloud services

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and platforms, and the development of smartphones and wearable devices with
value-added IoT applications.

3. Apple
Apple Inc. is an American multinational technology
company headquartered in Cupertino, California,
that designs, develops, and sells consumer
electronics, computer software, and online
services. It is considered one of the Big
Four technology companies,
alongside Amazon, Google, and Facebook.
The company's hardware products include
the iPhone smartphone, the iPad tablet computer,
the Mac personal computer, the iPod portable media player, the Apple
Watch smartwatch, the Apple TV digital media player, the AirPods wireless earbuds
and the HomePod smart speaker. Apple's software includes
the macOS, iOS, iPadOS, watchOS, and tvOS operating systems, the iTunes media
player, the Safari web browser, the Shazam acoustic fingerprint utility, and
the iLife and iWork creativity and productivity suites, as well as professional
applications like Final Cut Pro, Logic Pro, and Xcode. Its online services include
the iTunes Store, the iOS App Store, Mac App Store, Apple Music, Apple
TV+, iMessage, and iCloud. Other services include Apple Store, Genius
Bar, AppleCare, Apple Pay, Apple Pay Cash, and Apple Card.

4. Asus
Asus is a Tiwan based multinational computer
and phone hardware and electronics
company headquaterd in Beitou District,
Taipei, Taiwan. Its priducts include desktops,
laptops, netbooks, mobile phones networking
equipment, monitors, Wiri routers, tablet PCs.
The company is also an original equipment
manufacturer.
Asus is the world's 5th-largest PC vendor by
2017 unit sales. Asus appears
in BusinessWeek's "InfoTech 100" and "Asia's Top 10 IT Companies" rankings, and it
ranked first in the IT Hardware category of the 2008 Taiwan Top 10 Global Brands
survey with a total brand value of $1.3 billion.

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5. Razer
Razer Inc. is a global gaming hardware manufacturing company, as well as
an esports and financial services provider established
in 2005 in San Diego, California by Min-Liang Tan and
Robert Krakoff, after securing a large investment
from Hong Kong tycoon Li Ka-shing and Temasek
Holdings. The company has its headquarters
in Irvine and has been listed in the Hong Kong Stock
Exchange since November 2017. According to Razer's
IPO Prospectus, Razer has "built the largest global
gamer ecosystem of hardware and software and
services". Razer is considered one of the pioneers
of esports as well as one of the biggest brands in
esports today. Its founder, Min-Liang Tan has been credited as the brain behind Razer,
directing and overseeing the design and development of all of its products.

6. Alienware
Alienware is an American computer hardware subsidiary of Dell.
Their products are designed for gaming and can be identified by
their alien-themed designs. Alienware was founded in 1996 by
Yordan Angelov and Alex Aguila. The company's corporate
headquarters is located in The Hammocks, in Miami, Florida.

Anthopometry
Anthropometry is designing something according to the size and scale of a generalized human
body. It is considered the golden ratio of architecture and interior design. In retail interior
design, anthropometry is used to design accessible shelving. For example, if your customer
cannot reach out to the top shelf in order to personally access the product, then it can leave
a negative impression that will unconsciously leave them feeling bad. Good anthropometry is
always a key feature in a successful retail outlet.
Aisle space is the most important part of any retail interior design. If an aisle is smaller than 4
feet, then your customers are going to experience the Butt Brush effect – and nobody wants
their backside touching another person while they browse through the products on display.
Therefore, always make sure that there is more than enough aisle space to accommodate
more than two people in order to make your outlet the epitome of ergonomic.

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Counter

Glass Laptop Display

800mm Wide x 250mm Deep x 600mm

High
6 x Led Lights

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Laptops Storage Cabinet

Dimension - 31.1 x 31.1 x 40.1 inches

Weight - 95 pounds

Products dimensions
Laptops

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Console

Monitor

Speakers

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Safety
Fire Hazards
Fire hazards may be abundant in your retail store. Factors such as exposed wire from lighting
or computers, open flames in a store display, improper chemical storage in a back room or
combustible materials left near a heat source are major fire hazards that could harm both
employees and customers. To ensure you're prepared for any fires that may arise, always
keep fire extinguishers in your store and make sure all employees are trained in how to use
them. Schedule routine fire extinguisher inspections to verify that they function properly.

Crime
Whether you've experienced shoplifting or other types of crime in your store, or if similar
crimes have happened at nearby retail stores, the safety of your customers and employees
may be in peril if a crime can occur on your premises. Be prepared to nip crime in the bud by
taking measures that may include installing a security alarm system, setting up surveillance
cameras in different parts of your store and hiring a security guard who can monitor your
store during business hours.

Lighting
Low lighting may create the ambiance you are looking for in your retail store, but it can lead
to more accidents or crime. Poor lighting may make it easier for shoplifters to steal goods
without being clearly seen. Customers or employees also may have problems seeing objects
on the floor and could trip and fall as a result. Always keep good lighting on throughout your
store's front end and in stock rooms.

Importance of CCTV Cameras:

➢ Retail Video Surveillance Is Helpful to Loss Prevention
➢ Retail Security System Offers Constant Surveillance
➢ Grocery Store Security Cameras Prevents Internal Theft
➢ Retail Store Video Surveillance Improves Customer Service
➢ Retail Stores with Security Camera Will Have Better Staffing
➢ Security Cameras Also Help Improve the Layout of Your Store

Layout
Layout provides circulation plan the silent guide. once customer is inside the store needs to
guide silently above to go to expose entire store offerings. it can be achieved by planning the
circulation and the location of merchandise. A pinball effect ie focal points highlighted with
lighting and strategic display along the aisles pull the customer from section and silently
guided through entire store. Aisles from circulation pattern which differs depending on store
layout configuration about 12-15 % of the store carpet area is occupied by the aisles free flow
circulation merchandise and fixtures are grouped in clusters as in boutiques.

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1. Free Flow Layout

A free flow layout rejects typical design patterns
and styles commonly used to influence customer
behaviour. In a free flow layout, the intent is not
to lead the customer using predictable design
patterns, displays, or signage. There are no
specific design rules followed for this retail store
design, and customers have more liberty to
interact with merchandise and navigate on their
own.

2. Grid Layout
The grid store layout design is a familiar, repetitive pattern favored by retail drugstores
like Walgreens and hardware stores like
Ace Hardware. According to Ebster, there
are multiple advantages to the grid layout,
including the following:

➢ Customers can move quickly through an

efficient floor space using standard
fixtures and displays.
➢ The presentation is uniform and
comfortable due to its popularity, creating
a seamless customer experience.

3. Loop Layout

Loop layout is a type of store layout in which a major customer aisle began in entrance.
loops through the store usually in the shape of circle ,square rectangle and then return
the customer the front of the store .it expose customer to great amount of
merchandise.

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4. Straight Store

The straight store layout is efficient, simple to plan, and capable of creating individual
spaces for the customer. Plus, a basic straight design helps pull customers towards featured
merchandise in the back of the store. Merchandise displays and signage is used to keep
customers moving and interested.

Flooring
Flooring is the general term for a permanent covering of a floor, or for the work of installing
such a floor covering. There is wide range of flooring material in market. Marble, granite,
floor tiles, carpet, linoleum, engineered wood are some of the flooring material which can
be easily available in the market.

Types of Flooring
Cork Flooring
A. Cork flooring is a product made from the
bark of the cork oak tree, a material which
is ground, processed into sheets and baked
in a kiln to produce tiles that serve as
flooring for offices, light commercial
locations, and residences. Cork flooring is
most popularly harvested, manufactured,
and sourced in Southern Europe, with
Portugal being one of the most prominent
regions from which cork comes. This is an
area where the cork oak species is plentiful
and where hand-harvesting is most
practical.

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Laminate Flooring
Laminate flooring (also called floating wood tile in
the United States) is a multi-layer
synthetic flooring product fused together with
a lamination process. Laminate flooring
simulates wood (or sometimes stone) with a
photographic applique layer under a clear protective layer.
The inner core layer is usually composed of melamine
resin and fiber board materials.

Linoleum Flooring

Linoleum, commonly abbreviated to lino, is a floor

covering made from materials such as solidified linseed
oil (linoxyn), pine resin, ground cork dust, wood flour, and
mineral fillers such as calcium carbonate, most commonly on
a burlap or canvas backing. Pigments are often added to the
materials to create the desired colour finish.

Tile Flooring
A tile is a thin object usually square or rectangular in shape. Tile is a manufactured piece of
hard-wearing material such as ceramic, stone,
metal, baked clay, or even glass, generally
used for covering roofs, floors, walls, or other
objects such as tabletops. Alternatively, tile
can sometimes refer to similar units made
from lightweight materials such
as perlite, wood, and mineral wool, typically
used for wall and ceiling applications. In
another sense, a tile is a construction tile or
similar object, such as rectangular counters
used in playing games (see tile-based game).
The word is derived from
the French word tuile, which is, in turn, from the Latin word tegula, meaning a roof tile
composed of fired clay.

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Vinyl Flooring

Sheet vinyl flooring is vinyl flooring that comes in large, continuous, flexible sheets. A vinyl
sheet floor is completely impermeable to water, unlike vinyl floor tile, which comes in stiff
tiles, and vinyl planks, which come in interlocking strips. It is sometimes called linoleum after
a similar product of different (oiled linen) chemical composition.

Lighting
1. Ambient Lighting
Ambient lighting refers to the store’s main lighting.
You need to ensure your customers have enough
light to feel comfortable in the store. Too dim and
the store looks dingy, making it difficult to read
product labels and making customers
uncomfortable. On the other hand, if the lighting is
too bright it is also uncomfortable for customers.
How many lights, and how bright they are, will
depend on the size of your space. A large,
warehouse style space with high ceilings will
require lots of powerful lights since they will be hung
fairly high up and need to illuminate a large area. A
small store will require dimmer, less powerful lights
in order to achieve the same level of lighting.

2. Task Lighting
Task lighting refers to lights that are focused on areas
of the store that require more light, such as the tills and
the changing rooms. Customers need more light in the
changing room so they can accurately assess the fit
and look of the items they are trying on. Your cashiers
need extra light so they can better see their tills and do
their jobs more effectively. Task lighting is also useful
for highlighting your store’s sign and the entrance area
so that customers can clearly read your store’s name
and are welcomed into the store.

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3. Accent Lighting
Accent lighting is lighting that can be used to
highlight specific areas in order to draw
customer attention to specific products and give
customers the sense that these products are
important and noteworthy. Accent lighting is an
excellent way to highlight seasonal products
and to highlight specific products on shelves or
in display nooks. Accent lighting is also very
effective in window displays since they visually
emphasize your products and help bring people
into your store.

4. Decorative Lighting
Decorative lighting is all about visual appeal and much
less focused on illumination. Light fixtures play a huge
role in this lighting as they need to be beautiful and
decorative. Decorative lighting can also be used to
invoke nostalgic feelings, such as using a string of small
white lights in a winter holiday display to invoke
childhood memories in customers.

Windows
A lot of retailers are looking for ways to draw shoppers into their stores. Yet most brick and
mortar retailers don’t understand that they have the means to capitalize on what Amazon
and the rest can’t, an eye-catching display window.

1. Angled Front Window

An angled front window display is when the entrance is recessed back as the window
leads to the entrance straight front windows. a straight front window display is
when the front is parallel with the street. the monotony of the window is only
broken up by the entrance
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2. Straight Front Window

A straight front window display is when the front is parallel with the street. the
monotony of the windows is only broken up by the entrance.

3. Corner window

When the window of a store wrap around the corner which usually leads to the
entrance. A corner window is a unit that occupies the corner of a structure. The wall
framing is modified to wrap around the opening and in some cases the corner post
for the window will be removed to create an all glass opening

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Interior Architecture BAI2135 Page 20
 IEC COLLEGE OF ART & FASHION
Affiliated with Limkokwing University of
Creative Technology

4. Island window

It’s the display that can be viewed from all sides used for better area of lobby area
and gain additional display build island in the center of the vestibule. This type of
window helps to view frorm the all the sides and especially it is built in the middle or
center . such window gives better appearance and looks very attractive .

5. Acrade Window

An arcade window is when the entrance is in centre and it is recessed closed back
window when all three back walls are covered so you only focus on display.

Samrat Tyata
2019 batch (3nd sem)
B.A in Interior Architecture
Interior Architecture BAI2135 Page 21
 IEC COLLEGE OF ART & FASHION
Affiliated with Limkokwing University of
Creative Technology

Samrat Tyata
2019 batch (3nd sem)
B.A in Interior Architecture
Interior Architecture BAI2135 Page 22