VEB1043 GEOMATICS

January 2020

LAB REPORT

EXPERIMENT: Traversing

GROUP: 1

GROUP MEMBERS: 1. Muhammad Noor Adam Bin Kamaruzaman

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2. Michael Tiong Shu Yu
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3. Nur Anita Binti Iqbal Feiruz Khan
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4. Muhammad Faez Hazeem Bin Mohammad Ghazali
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5. Roshan Hidayat Bin Jafri
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6. Noraifa Afra Binti Mohd Nordin
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LAB INSTRUCTOR:

LECTURER: Dr. Muslich Hartadi Sutanto

DATE OF EXPERIMENT: 27th February 2020

DATE OF SUBMISSION: 3rd March 2020

INTRODUCTION

Traverse is divided into two types, open and closed traverse. Open traverse begins from one
point with known coordinate and ends at a point which is unknown or both points with unknown
coordinates. Closed traverse begins from one point with known coordinate and ends at the point
with known coordinate.

OBJECTIVE:

1. To establish new control points.

2. To determine coordinate of the new control points established in 1.

EQUIPMENT:

1. Total station - 1
2. Tripod - 3
3. Compass -1
4. Prism - 2
5. Nails - 4
PROCEDURE:

1. The back bearing value, from station 1 to station 4 were found using prismatic compass.
This value was called Bearing Datum. The example value bearing datum from station 1
to station 2 was 70°00’00’’.
2. The total station was set up at station 1.
3. The horizontal and vertical clamp were loose, the telescope was swung direction roughly
to station 2.
4. The slow motion horizontal and vertical adjustment screw of the telescope were used to
place the cross hair on the target at station 2.
5. The initial value was set into a total station using the face left as 70°00’00’’ and the
reading was held.
6. The horizontal and vertical clamp were loosen, the telescope was swung direction
roughly to station 2.
7. The slow motion screw horizontal and vertical were used to place the cross hair on the
target at station 2 and the reading was recorded.
8. The telescope was transited by swinging it through 180° in a vertical place.
9. Step 3 until 7 were repeated using the right face.
10. Once completed measurement at station 1 had been completed, the total station was
moved to station 2, 3 and 4 and the above procedures were repeated.(clockwise
direction)
 DATA AND CALCULATION:

STATION DISTANCE INTERIOR ANGLE MEAN CORRECTIO ADJUSTED FINAL

(m) FACE FACE N INTERIOR BEARING
LEFT RIGHT FACE LEFT FACE ANGLE
RIGHT

2 1 8.57 183 ∘ 13 ′ 6” 3 ∘ 13 ′ 10” 128 ∘ 13′ 128 ∘ 13′ 128 ∘ 13′ − 00 ∘ 00′ 128 ∘ 12′
06” 12” 10” 17.25” 52.7”

3 5.622 55 ∘ 00 ′ 00” 234 ∘ 59 ′

58”

3 2 5.637 240 ∘ 0 ′ 00” 60 ∘ 00 ′ 00” 69 ∘ 38′ 69 ∘ 38′ 69 ∘ 38′ − 00 ∘ 00′ 69 ∘ 38′

50” 46” 48” 17.25” 30.75 ”

4 7.803 170 ∘ 21 ′ 10” 350 ∘ 21 ′ 14”

4 3 7.811 345 ∘ 0 ′ 00” 165 ∘ 0 ′ 00” 106 ∘ 22′ 106 ∘ 22′ 106 ∘ 22′ − 00 ∘ 00′ 106 ∘ 22′
23” 27” 25” 17.25” 7.75”

1 8.218 238 ∘ 37 ′ 37” 58 ∘ 37 ′ 33”

1 4 8.238 55 ∘ 46 ′ 49” 235 ∘ 46 ′ 43” 55 ∘ 46′ 55 ∘ 46′ 55 ∘ 46′ − 00 ∘ 00′ 55 ∘ 46′

49” 43” 46” 17.25” 28.75”

2 8.561 00 ∘ 0 ′ 00” 180 ∘ 0 ′ 00”

TOTAL 360 ∘ 1′ 360 ∘ 0′ 00”

9”

Error of interior angle = Sum of mean interior angle - [(2n-4)*90 ∘ ]

= 360 ∘ 01′ 9” - 360 ∘
= 00 ∘ 01′ 9”
Correction = [ 00 ∘ 01′ 9” ] / 4
= - 00 ∘ 00′ 17.25”
DISCUSSION:

In this field work , we are required to establish new control points and determine the
coordinate of the new control points . We are also able to conduct this survey by using
theodolite and several formulas that we learnt during traversing class . From this field work , we
know that point 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 are laid out on the site respectively making a four sided shape of a
polygon . The theodolite is placed on point 1 which is our starting point .

The angle is determine by reading it from left to right to obtain accurate reading . Before
getting the angle and distance , we have to make sure the theodolite is facing the prism . As we
were taught , the face left and face right reading must be taken twice which we have to start
from left to right at each particular point .

After we get the readings and the angle from one point , we move the theodolite to
another point and repeat the same procedure to get another point of reading . From this activity
, the thing that made it challenging is that we have to find the prism small triangle and cross air
using theodolite . However after we found the first point , we managed to measure the angle
and distance faster.

The total angles inside must be 360 . However , the result that we get from the table was
360 ∘ 01′ 9”. Thus , we knew that there was a misclosure error occured as there are misclosure
of 00 ∘ 01′ 9” . Therefore we used the trigonometry traversing technique to solve the problem .
After calculating everything , the report is done.

There are several problems we faced, that are :

1. The theodolite is a very sensitive device. The reading can be influenced by small
interference such as hand movement when touching the device
2. The theodolite is not at a perfectly leveled as we could not balanced the bubble perfectly.
3. When we tried to get the whole circle bearing using prismatic compass, we value is not
accurate enough.
The cautious steps taken :
1. Avoiding so much and unnecessary contact with the theodolite.
2. Try to make it balanced as good as possible as it can help us to get more accurate data.
Adjusting in smooth manner can help to balanced the bubble without excessive
movement.
3. Take several readings and take the average of the whole circle bearing.
CONCLUSION:

In conclusion, we managed to carry out a closed loop traverse survey that was located
around an open area between block 14 and 15 at UTP. Traversing is done by using total station
theodolite and prisms. The traversing process, that is closed loop traverse, begins and ends at
the same point, forming a closed geometric figure called a polygon. In this fieldwork, we were
tasked to form a polygon of 4 sides with the value of interior angle of 360°.

Overall, this fieldwork has taught us a lot of hands-on knowledge about surveying. The
process of completing the polygon was not easy. We have to have a lot of patience in order to
finish the surveying. We now understand that land surveyors are required to measure distances
in order to build level and sound building or determine the boundaries of a piece of land. Since
distance can be distorted by hills or other factors, a surveyor must use the knowledge in
surveying by using several unique equipment and tools to obtain precise measurements. The
profession as a surveyor and civil engineering are correlating each other. So we, as civil
engineering students, can use the knowledge in this course to be used in the future later on.