HALF ADDER &

FULL ADDER
BY
SUMAN SUKHDEVE & DURGA NAGALWADE
B.SC. III YEAR
FROM
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU COLLEGE ,WADI, NAGPUR -23
ADDER
An adder is a digital logic circuit in electronics that
implements addition of numbers.
In many computers and other types of processors, adders are
used to calculate addresses, similar operations and also in
other parts of the processors. These can be built for many
numerical representations like binary coded decimal.
An adder is a digital circuit that performs addition of numbers.
Adders are classified into two types: half adder and full adder.
Half adder
Half adder is a combinational arithmetic circuit that adds two
numbers and produces a sum bit (S) and carry bit (C) as the
output.
If A and B are the input bits, then sum bit (S) is the X-OR of A
and B and the carry bit (C) will be the AND of A and B.
From this it is clear that a half adder circuit can be easily
constructed using one X-OR gate and one AND gate.
BOOLEAN EQUATION IS
FOR SUM : S = 𝐴B + A𝐵 OR S = A B
FOR CARRY : C = A . B
 INPUT OUTPUT
x y c s

0 0 0 0

0 1 0 1

1 0 0 1

1 1 1 0

HALF ADDER CIRCUIT & TRUTH TABLE

THE MAIN DRAWBACK OF HALF
ADDER IS THAT WE CAN’T ADD
THREE BINARY BITS AT A TIME .
THIS DRAWBACK CAN BE
OVERCOME IN FULL ADDER
FULL ADDER
A full adder adds binary numbers and accounts for values carried in as well as
out.
The full-adder circuit adds three binary numbers as input A , B , Cin and
outputs two one-bit binary numbers, a sum (S) and a carry (Cout).
A full adder can be constructed from two half adders by connecting A and B to
the input of one half adder, connecting the sum from that to an input to the
second adder, connecting Ci to the other input and OR the two carry outputs.
BOOLEAN EQUATION IS
FOR SUM : S = 𝐴𝐵𝐶𝑖 + 𝐴𝐵𝐶𝑖 + 𝐴𝐵𝐶𝑖
FOR CARRY : C= 𝐴𝐵𝐶𝑖 + 𝐴𝐵Ci + AB𝐶𝑖 +ABCi
 CARRY
INPUT IN
OUTPUT
x y C in C out s
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 1 0 1
0 1 0 0 1
0 1 1 1 0
1 0 0 0 1
1 0 1 1 0
1 1 0 1 0
1 1 1 1 1

FULL ADDER CIRCUIT & TRUTH TABLE