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CHAPTER-I
INTRODUCTION
“ You can’t do anything about the length of you life. But you can do something about
its width and depth’’ -Even Esar
Science is more advanced today and it mainly focuses on many discoveries
that will increase the life expectancy of human being. People flow with the stream of
modern civilization, but actually they are not realizing that they are loosing their
quality of life. Here comes the importance of this thought.
Each and everyone in a society can play a vital role in improving the width
and depth of life for that they should have adequate knowledge about the life
threatening diseases.
“Swine flu swipes Devastation Across the Nation. It is Now A Pandemic’’. 1
Swine flu is an infection caused by a virus, it is so named for the virus essentially
infects pigs. Humans do not normally get swine flu but human infections can result
from contact with infected pig. The virus is contagious and from the year 2008 the
prevalence of H1N1 has been increased. So it is essential to control the spread of the
disease to improve the quality of human life.
Swine flu (H1N1) according to reports is spreading thick and fast throughout
our country and people are getting panicky about its possible consequences. As in
most cases, ignorance & fear are the root causes of the unwarranted panic among the
public.
In case of swine flu unlike seasonal flu more than half of the hospitalization
and quarter of the deaths from are in young people under the age of 25 2. The vital
statistics shows that three are about 34115 confirmed cases in India and about 1646
deaths are reported .In Kerala there is about 195 cases of swine flu have been
reported. Pre-monsoon showers flowed by the arrival of south west monsoon in June
ST.THOMAS COLLEGE OF NURSING, CHETHIPUZHA
and July have only hastened the pace of spread of infections in Kerala according to
officials in the state Government.1
H1N1 fever is the most common cause of increasing morbidity and mortality
rate in our state. Swine flu doesn’t often infect people and the rare human cases that
have occurred in the past have mainly affected people who had direct contact with
pigs. But the current outbreak is different3.
In most cases ignorance and fear are the root causes of the unwarranted panic
among the public. If they have adequate knowledge about its occurrence they can take
measures preventing it. Here poor sanitation, overcrowding, stagnant water etc, act
as a spreading cause f this disease4.
The health of the nation lies in the people of the society. Family is the basic
unit of the society. As housewives are the care taker of the family members she should
have adequate knowledge regarding the early management and preventive measures
of the health problems5. Thus arise a healthy family there by a healthy nation. So we
selected the housewives for our study to assess the knowledge regarding H1N1.fever.
Be aware; be well informed only we can stop the pandemic from spreading 6
“ A descriptive study to assess the knowledge regarding H1N1 fever (swine flu)
among housewives in selected areas of Vazhappally Panchayat’’
OBJECTIVES.
OPERATIONAL DEFINITIONS
HYPOTHESIS
H1: There is an association between knowledge regarding H1N1 fever and selected
demographic variables at 0.05 significance level.
DELIMITATIONS
CHAPTER-II
REVIEW OF LITURATURE
A study on the community attitudes towards swine flu from May 2nd to29th
May through cross sectional survey in Mexico which reveals that society is very much
conscious about the recent epidemic disease.12
A descriptive study on the public perception, anxiety, and behavioural changes
in relation to swine-flu through cross sectional survey is from 8 February to
28thFebruary on a sample of 300 reveals the high anxiety level of the community13.
CHAPTER-III
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
RESEARCH APPROACH
The approach indicates the basic procedure for data collection. A research
approach may be used for the purpose of developing theory, identifying problems
with current practice, making judgment or doing 7.
The selection of approach depends upon purpose of study. The research approach
adopted for the present study was a quantitative approach.
RESEARCH DESIGN
In the present study a structured questionnaire will be used to collect the data
from the sample.
Setting is the physical location and condition in which data collection takes
place in a study 7.
The study was conducted in selected area of Vazhappally Panchayat which
includes Koonamthanam, chethipuzha, Sanketham.
POPULATION
Sample is the subset of population that is selected for a study and members of
14
a sample are the subject The sample will posses all the characteristics of the
population.
In this study the sample is housewives from Chethipuzha, Koonamthanam and
Sanketham and the sample size is 60.
SAMPLING TECHNIQUE
SAMPLING CRITERIA
ST.THOMAS COLLEGE OF NURSING, CHETHIPUZHA
Sampling criteria are the characteristics essential for the inclusion of target
population. The sample is selected from accessible population that meats these
sampling criteria. 13
INCLUSION CRITERIA
EXCLUSION CRITERIA
Research instruments or research tool area the dense used to collect data. The
instrument facilitates the observations and measurement of variables. The present
study was aimed to assess the knowledge level of housewives regarding H1N1 fever.
Survey method was used for assessing the knowledge. A structured questionnaire was
prepared after consultation with experts in the field of community medicine.
DESCRIPTION OF TOOL
The structured questionnaire for assessment of knowledge regarding H1N1
fever consists of 2 sections:-
SCORING
There are 40 questions having 3 options for each question.
Each correct answer was given a score of one make each and wrong answer
given as zero. So the total score of section B is 40. Grading was also done based on
the marks obtained.
The knowledge level was categorized as follows.
<50% - Poor knowledge
50 - 65% - Average knowledge
65 - 80% - Good knowledge
80 - 100% - Excellent.
PILOT STUDY
14
It is a small variation or trial random in preparation for major study. The
function of the pilot study is to obtain information for improving the project and for
assessing the feasibility. Reliability was confirmed through pilot study.
We started our research work on 26-07-10. The pilot study was conducted in
Chethipuzha on 31-08-10 & 04-08-10. Duration of the study was 2 weeks that is from
26-07-10 to 07-08-10
ST.THOMAS COLLEGE OF NURSING, CHETHIPUZHA
SUMMARY
This chapter dealt with research approach research design, setting of the
study, population, sample and sample size, sampling technique, Piolt study, data
collection process and plan for data analysis.
ST.THOMAS COLLEGE OF NURSING, CHETHIPUZHA
CHAPTER-IV
ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION
The data analysis was organized and done under the following headings.
Section A : Distribution of sample according to demographic variables.
Section B: Assessment of knowledge
Section C: Association between knowledge and demographic variables.
ST.THOMAS COLLEGE OF NURSING, CHETHIPUZHA
SECTION I.
ASSESSMENT OF DEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLES
1. AGE OF THE HOUSE WIVES.
40-50 17 28.33 %
50-60 20 33.33%
In the study 33.33% samples are under the age group 50-60 yrs, 31.4% under 30-40
Yrs, 28.33 % under the age group of 40-50 and 6.6% come under the age group of 20-
30.
ST.THOMAS COLLEGE OF NURSING, CHETHIPUZHA
2. RELIGION
Christian 49 81.6%
Muslim 2 3.33%
In this study, 81.66% sample come under Christian Religion 15% are included
in Hindu and 3.33% under Muslim.
ST.THOMAS COLLEGE OF NURSING, CHETHIPUZHA
3. EDUCATION
S.S.L.C 35 58.33%
In this study 58.33% sample were educated upto SSLC 31.66% have them or the
degree and 10% have less than SSLC.
ST.THOMAS COLLEGE OF NURSING, CHETHIPUZHA
4. MONTHLY INCOME
Table
N.60
Monthly Income Frequency Percentage
500-1000 12 20%
1001-2000 7 1167%
2001-3000 18 30%
>3000 23 38.33%
Monthly Income in Rs. Of the sample have family income between 2001-3000
monthly, 20% have the Income between 500-1000, 10.33% have income more than
3000 and 11.66% have income between 1001-2000.
ST.THOMAS COLLEGE OF NURSING, CHETHIPUZHA
4. OCCUPATION
No 50 83.33%
In this study 83.33% of sample having occupation and 16.66% have no occupation.
ST.THOMAS COLLEGE OF NURSING, CHETHIPUZHA
5. WATER SUPPLY
DISTRIBUTION OF SAMPLE ACCORDING TO WATER SUPPLY.
Table No.
N.60
Water Supply Frequency Percentage
Well 52 36.67%
Public Well 2 3.33%
Public Tap 6 10%
Bore Well 0 0%
In this study 86.66% of sample have well for water supply 10% took water
from public Tap and 3.33% water from public well
ST.THOMAS COLLEGE OF NURSING, CHETHIPUZHA
6. CATTLES
DISTRIBUTION OF SAMPLE ACCORDING TO THE CATTLE REARING.
7. WASTE DISPOSAL.
Table No.
N.60
Waste disposal Frequency Percentage
Pit 16 26.67%
Compost 4 6.67%
Others 40 66.7%
The findings reveals that 26.66% uses pit for the waste disposal, 6.66% uses
Compost & Mas of usese about 66.66% other technique for the waste disposal.
ST.THOMAS COLLEGE OF NURSING, CHETHIPUZHA
9. PREVALENCE
10. TREATMENT
Table No
No.60
Method of treatment Frequency Percentgae
Ayurveda 2 3.33%
Allopathy 56 93.67%
Homeopathy 2 3.33%
Others 0 0%
The reveals that 93.66% of the sample use allopathy for their treatment
3.33% of the sample use Ayurveda and Homeopathy treatment.
ST.THOMAS COLLEGE OF NURSING, CHETHIPUZHA
Table No.
N.60
Source of Information Frequency Information
Television 26 43.33%
PHC 9 15%
Newspapers & Magazines 25 41.67%
Internet 0 0%
In this study 43.33% of samples are getting information from television, 41.66%
are from newspapers and magazines 15% are from PHC and study revealed that
no housewife’s are depending on internet as a source of information
ST.THOMAS COLLEGE OF NURSING, CHETHIPUZHA
SECTION-2
ASSESSMENT OF KNOWLEDGE
Table 2 a
N.60
Grading Number of Housewife’s Percentage
Poor 10 25%
Average 32 77.5%
Good 15 37.5%
Excellent 4 10%
Finding reveals that only 10% have excellent knowledge, 37.5% good
knowledge, 77.5% have average knowledge and the remaining 25% have poor
knowledge.
ST.THOMAS COLLEGE OF NURSING, CHETHIPUZHA
SECTION-3
Table: 3a
N.60
Variable CHI-SQUARE Significance
Age 7.8274 Not Significant
Education 3.8442 Not Significant
Monthly Income 29.71 Significant at 0.05
Religion 17.540 Significant at 0.05
Occupation 99.345 Significant at 0.05
Source of Information 4.4415 Not Significant
INTRODUCTION.
SUMMARY
Swine flu is spreading thick and fast throughout the world. The virus spreads
through the air and the infection normally begins with the respiratory organs. The
major cause of this fast spreading is lack of awareness about its among the
community. As a care giver in the 1st part of community ie. Family, housewife’s
can play a major role in its prevention.
o To assess the association between knowledge about swine flu and selected
demographic variables.
Research approach selected for the study was descriptive method. The tool for
the study was a structured questionnaire. Pilot study was conducted in
Chethipuzha community on 31-7-2010 by randomly selecting 6 samples from the
area. Based on pilot study the mainstudy was conducted in Konnamthanam,
ST.THOMAS COLLEGE OF NURSING, CHETHIPUZHA
The study took 2 weeks to complete. The major findings of the study were
presented under 3 sections.
Section 1 : Distribution of sample according to demographic variables.
Section 2 : Assessment of Knowledge
Section 3 : Association between knowledge and demographic variables.
SECTION 1:-
1) Age:- Among the 60 samples 6.6% were in 20-30 yrs,, 31.4% are 30-40 yrs,
23.33% are included in 40-50 yrs and 33.33% are in between 50-60 yrs.
2) Religion:- 81.66% of samples are Christians 15% are Hindus and 3.33% are
Muslims.
3) Education:- About 10% are educated <SSLC 58.33% are and 31.66% in
were collegiate.
4) Monthly Income:- About 20% have 500-1000, 11.66% have 1000-2000. 30%
have 2001-3000 and 13.33% have a monthly income of more than 3000.
5) Occupation- From the 620 samples 50% are employed and the remaining have
no any job.
6) Water Supply: Source of watersupply for 86.66% are from well, 33.33% are
from public well, 10% are using public tap and no one from bore well.
7) Cattle rearing:- In the study only 6.66% have cattle rearing and the remaining
have no such activities.
8) Waste disposal:- Waste disposal of 26.66% are through pit, 6.66% are by
other methods.
10) Type of Treatment:- The 3 types of treatment for majority of the are allopathy
(93.66%), 3.33% are following Ayurvedic and Homeopathy respectively.
SECTION 2:-
The present study revealed that among the 60 samples, only 10% have
excellent knowledge 31.5% have good knowledge 11.5% have average knowledge
and 25% have poor knowledge.
SECTION 3:-
CONCLUSIONS
From the findings of the study it can be concluded that among 60 Samples
10% have excellent knowledge, 37.5% have good knowledge, 77.5% have average
knowledge and 25% have poor knowledge. That is majority of housewives have only
moderate relationshio between knowledge and 3 of the selected variables namely,
income, Religion and occupation
IMPLICATIONS.
Investigators study can be applied in various nsg aspects . It can be divided to:-
Nursing Service
Nursing Education
Nursing Administration
Nursing Research
ST.THOMAS COLLEGE OF NURSING, CHETHIPUZHA
As in most cases, ignorance and fear are the roof causes of the unwarranted
panic among the public.
Nurses can import knowledge regarding the causes, symptoms and preventive
measures among the housewives through heath education.
NURSING ADMINISTRATION:-
Based on the study result nurses can increase the service by improving the
administration study (help in improving) the nsg administration at community.
Community health nurse, or junior public health nurse can plan various in
service education programme for the community people, especially housewives for
improving their knowledge and education to the students.
NURSING EDUCATION:-
Nursing educatiojn plays an important rote in preparing nurses for ensuring the
well being of the people.
Nursing educators can update their knowledge and also search for
advancement made for the prevention and management of H1N1 fever.
Nursing students can organize health education programme for housewives at
community level
Nursing students can conduct seminars, symposium or other health education
programmes the ill effects of H1N1 fever and its preventive measures.
ST.THOMAS COLLEGE OF NURSING, CHETHIPUZHA
NURSING RESEARCH:-
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