Building ships

Ships cost a lot of money to build. A general cargo vessel cost several million pounds
and a giant tanker can costs over 40 million pounds. On reason for this is the high cost
of steel and other materials used ini shibuilding. Another reason is the high cost of
labour.
A modern shipyard is designated for builiding ships as cheaply and quicly as
possible. Many of the old processes have disappeared or been combined into one fully
mechanized process. Machines ar now used instead of men. Today, ship can be built in
about sixteen months and costs can be kept to a minimum. Who designs ships ? ships
are designed by naval architect. In Europe and Japan, shipyards employ naval architects
to design a ship for a customer, or offer basic design which can be varied to suit the
customer’s need. Shipowners also go to independent firms of shipping consultant and
ask their naval architects to design a ship for them.

. Fill in the blanks with the applied terminology relating, to ship's movement.

1. A ship is said to be .................. when she is borne by the water.

2. A ship is said to be .................. when she is neither anchored, moored, made
fast, nor agound.
3. A ship is said to be .................. when she is stopped at sea.
4. A ship is said to be .................. when she is moving sideways through the
water being blown by the wind.
5. A ship is said to .................. anothner vessel when she is overtaking her.

. Answer the following questions with your own words !

1. How long have you been working on board a ship ?
2. Why do you want to attend the training ?
3. What will you do if you pass the final examination ?
4. What kind of certificate will you obtain after you pass the final examination ?

. Answer the following questions completely in English.

1. Who designs ships?

2. What is the most modern type of dry cargo carrier?
3. Why is it more economical to run one large tanker than two smaller ones?
4. When is the second dog watch?
5. Who is on duty during the middle watch?

Complete the following sentences with a preposition.

1. The tanker took on supplies .............. Cilacap.

2. The snip stayed .............. course.
3. The keel was just ............... the seabed.
4. The helmsman stood ............ the wheel.
5. The ship anchored ............ other ships.
. Rearrange the following words to make a good sentences.

1. the - of - is - Chief Officer - cargo - of - the - responsibility - stowage.

2. directly - carpenter - the - and - are - boatswain Chief officer - the - to -
responsible.
3. produces - when – trials - maximum - her - she - speed - the - speed - when -
undergoes.
4. for the - watches - the - Deck - Department - responsible - keeping - also - is.

. Translate the following sentences into good English.

1. Kapal barang umumnya dirancang untuk mengangkut muatan kering dan

muatan basah.
2. Mesin jangkar adalah alat yang digunakan untuk menaikkan dan menurunkan
jangkar.
3. Bagian dek bertanggung jawab untuk melayarkan kapal dengan aman dan
ekonomis dari pelabuhan ke pelabuhan.