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www.Padasalai.Net aslaila
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www.TrbTnpsc.com iai iai
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VIVEKANADHA MATRICULATION HR SEC SCHOOL, THURAPPALLAM – 601201
i i i i i i i i i
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ad ad ad ad ad ad ad ad adsaas
a PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda
Computer Science
iai aslaila
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i
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i
alala i i aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
adsaaslal adsa adsa a
dsa PART
dadsas– A adsa adsa adsa adsaas
l
a PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPa PaPda PaPda PaPda a
PP d
a
1. a) Pure functions
iai iai i ai iai iai iai i ai iai
adsaaslal 2. d) Tuple
dadsaaslal d a
d saaslal d a
dsaaslal d a
d saaslal d a
d saaslal d a
d saaslal d a
d saaslal adsaas
l
a PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPda
3. b) Private members
i ai aslaila
i
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i
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i
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i
aslaila
i
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i
aslaila
i
adsaaslal daa
d s
a adsa adsa adsa ads
a adsa a
d s
a adsaas
l
a PaPTime
4. d) PaPda
and space PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda a
PP d
a
Padasalai
ad d a
d d a
d d a
d dad d a
d d a
d
a PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPda
10. a) .
iai iai aslaila
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i
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i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
adsaaslal 11. b)d𝜎
adsaaslal adsa adsa adsa adsa adsa adsa adsaas
l
a PaPa PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda a
PP d
a
12. a) DROP Ref. Pg.no : 116 and 117 (First Example)
iai iai i ai iai iai iai iai iai
adsaaslal d a
d saaslal d a
d saaslal d a
d saaslal dadsaaslal d a
d saaslal d a
d saaslal d a
d saaslal adsaas
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a aPaFlat File PaPa
13.Pd) PaPa P aPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPda
iai14. b) Boostaslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
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i
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i
a
dsaaslal adsa adsa adsa ads
a adsa ads
a adsa adsaas
l
a PaPda
15. d) Database PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda a
PP d
a
iai
saaslal
➢ DML i
aslail-a Data Manipulation
aslaila
i
aslaila
Language i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i l
ad a
d sa a
d sa adsa adsa adsa adsa adsa adsaas
a P➢aPdaDDL - Data da
PaPDefinition PaPda
Language PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda a
PP d
a
➢ DCL - Data Control Language
iai iai iai i ai iai iai iai iai
saaslal saasla-l Transaction
➢ daaTCL saaslalControldaLanguage
saaslal saaslal saaslal saaslal saaslal adsaas
l
Padasalai
ad d d ad d d a
d dad d a
d d a
d
a PaP PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPda
➢ DQL - Data Query Language
iai aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
adsaaslal 21. Expansion:
adsa adsa adsa adsa adsa adsa adsa adsaas
l
a PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda a
PP d
a
SWIG → Simplified Wrapper Interface Generator
iai iai lailai iai iai iai iai iai
adsaaslal d d saaslal
MinGW
a d →
a
d saasMinimalistd a
d saaslal for Windows
GNU dadsaaslal d a
d saaslal d a
d saaslal d a
d saaslal adsaas
l
a PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPda
22. Advantage of “INTEGER PRIMARY KEY”:
iai aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
a
dsaaslal adsa a
d s
a a
d s
a ads
a a
d s
a ads
a adsa adsaas
l
a ➢a
PP d
a If a column a
PP d
a
of a table isPPa d
a
declared to bea
PP d
a
an INTEGER d
a
PRIMARY
a
PP KEY,
a
PP d
a then d
a
whenever
a
PP a NULL a
PP d
a
will be used as an input for this column, the NULL will be automatically converted into
iai lailai ilai one larger iai aslaila
i value so iai ilai column.alailai
saaslal ansaasinteger which saaslawill saaslal than the sahighest saaslal far used asla
sin
a that ss sasl
aad d a
d
P➢aPaIf the table PaPdaad
P d
aPa a
d
P d
aPa a
d
P d
aPa a
d
P d
aPa a
d
P aPdaada P aPdaada
is empty, the value 1 will be used.
iai i
ailaData aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
adsaaslal 23. Types
adsaaslof Visualization:
adsa adsa adsa adsa adsa a
dsa adsaas
l
a PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda a
PP d
a
➢ Charts
iai ➢ Tables iai iai iai iai i ai iai iai
adsaaslal d a
d saaslal d a
d saaslal d a
d saaslal d a
d saaslal d a
d saaslal d a
d saaslal dadsaaslal adsaas
l
a P➢aPaGraphs PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPda
➢ Maps
iai aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
adsaaslal ➢ aInfographics
d sa adsa ads
a adsa adsa adsa adsa adsaas
l
a P➢aPdaDashboards PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda a
PP d
a
Padasalai
aad d a
d d a
d d a
d a d a
d dad d a
d
PaPaspace complexity.
PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa
➢ The following three asymptotic notations are mostly used to represent time complexity
iai lailai aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
saaslal ofsaaalgorithms:
s sa s
a s a sa s a sa sasl
aad ada
PP
a
d ada
PP
a
d ada a
d
PP adaad
PP adaad
PP adaad
PP adaad
PP adaada PP
(i) Big O
iai iai i ai iai iai iai iai iai
a saaslal a saaslal a saaslal a saaslal a saaslal a saaslal a saaslal a saaslal adsaas
l
a d d
PaPa
d ➢ Big O is
d
PaPa
d often used d
PaPa
d
to describe the
d
PaPa
d worst-case d
PaPa
d
of an d
algorithm.
d
PaPa d
PaPa
d
PaPda
(ii) Big Ω i
iai aslaila aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
a
dsaaslal a
d s
a adsa adsa ads
a adsa ads
a adsa adsaas
l
a PaPda ➢ BigPOmegaaPda aPda
is thePreverse OaPda
Big P PaPda PaPda PaPda a
PP d
a
iai Example:
iai iai iai iai iai iai iai
adsaaslal d a
d saaslal d a
d saaslal d a
d saaslal d a
d saaslal d a
d saaslal d a
d saaslal d a
d saaslal adsaas
l
a PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPda
If Big O is used to describe the upper bound (worst - case) then, Big Ω is used to
iai iaidescribe theialower
i bound iai(best-case).iai iai iai iai
adsaaslal d adsaas
lal
d adsaas
la l
d adsaas
lal
d adsaas
lal
d adsaas
la l
d adsaas
lal
d adsaas
lal
d adsaas
l
a a a
P Big Θ
P(iii) a
PP a a
PP a a
PP a a
PP a a
PP a a
PP a a
PP a
iai i ai aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
adsaaslal pg. 3 dadsaaslal adsa adsa ads
a adsa adsa a
d s
a adsaas
l
a PaPa PaPda PaPda PaPda a
PPda Preapared By,
a
PP da
SARAVANAN Ca
PP–d
a9080584887 a
PP d
a
Padasalai
ad d a
d d a
d d a
d d a
d dad d a
d d a
d
a PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPda
[1, 3, 9, 27, 81]
iai aslaila
i
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i
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i
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i
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i
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i
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i
adsaaslal 30. TCL ad
Commands:
sa adsa adsa adsa adsa adsa adsa adsaas
l
a PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda a
PP d
a
➢ Transactional control language (TCL)is used to manage transactions in the database.
iai ➢ It is ilaimanage a
aslato the i
i changes
slala
made i
aslaila to the data
i
aslailain a table.aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
adsaaslal adsa adsa adsa adsa adsa adsa adsa adsaas
l
a PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda
TCL command:
iai aslaila
i i
aslailaany transaction
i
aslaila intoadthe ilai aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
a
dsaaslal Commit:
adsa Saves
adsa adsa s
a asladatabase apermanently
dsa ads
a adsa adsaas
l
a PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda a
PP d
a
Rollback: Restores the database to last commit state
iai iai iai iai iai ilai iai iai
adsaaslal d d saaslal
Savepoint:
a d d saaslal
Temporarily
a d a
d saaslala transaction
save d a
d saaslal so thatdadsaaslacan
you rollback
d a
d saaslal d a
d saaslal adsaas
l
a PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPda
31. Difference between reader and DictReader:
iai aslaila
i
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i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
adsaaslal adsa a
d s
a adsa adsa adsa adsa a
dsa adsaas
l
a PaPda PaPdaReader() PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda
DictReader() PaPda a
PP d
a
➢ csv.reader() - to read CSV file in to ➢ DictReader() - To read a CSV file into a
iai iai iai iai iai i ai iai iai
saaslal saaslal
list/tuple.. saaslal saaslal saaslal dictionary saaslal saaslal saaslal sasl
aad
P d
aPa a
d
P d
aPa a
d
P d
aPa a
d
P d
aPa ad
P d
aPa ad
P d
aPa ad
P d
aPa ad
P aPdaada
➢ It will take each line of the file and make a ➢ It works similar to the reader() class
list of all columns. iai
a l ailai a lailai aslal aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i l
aadsa s
➢PBy a
d sa s
aPdathis method a d
a a
d s
onea can read
a d
a a
d sa
data from acsv
daadsa ➢ It creates
a daadsa an object
a daadsa
which maps
a daadsa
data to a a daadsaas
PP PP PP PP PP PP PP
files of different formats like quotes (" "), dictionary.
iai pipesa(|) i i iai iai iai i ai iai iai
adsaaslal d ad a slalaand comma
d adsaaslal(,). d adsaaslal d adsaaslal d adsaaslal d a
d saaslal d adsaaslal al
daadsas
a aP a aP a aP a aP a aP a aP a aP a aP
➢ syntax:
P P P P ➢ The keys are given by the fieldnames as
P P P P
csv.reader(fileobject,delimiter,fmtparams) parameter.
iai i ai aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
adsaaslal pg. 4 dadsaaslal adsa adsa ads
a adsa adsa a
d s
a adsaas
l
a PaPa PaPda PaPda PaPda a
PPda Preapared By,
a
PP da
SARAVANAN Ca
PP–d
a9080584887 a
PP d
a
i ai aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
adsaaslal 33. Output:
a
d s
a adsa adsa adsa ads
a adsa a
d s
a adsaas
l
a PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda a
PP d
a
Welcome to Python Programming
iai iai i ai iai iai iai iai iai
a
d saaslal dadsaaslal d a
d saaslal d a
d saaslal alal
daadsas– D
PART d a
d saaslal d a
d saaslal d a
dsaaslal adsaas
l
a PaPa PaPa PaPa PaP PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPda
34. a) Linear Search:
iai aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
adsaaslal d a
d s
a
Linear search
d a
dsa
also called dads
a
sequential d a
d
search s
a is a a
d s
a
sequential
d method d a
d s
a
for finding ad a
dsa
particular d adsaas
l
a a
PP a PPa a PPa a a
PP a a
PP a a
PP a a
PP a a
PP a
value in a list. This method checks the search element with each element in sequence until the
iai aslaila
i iai i ai ilai this searching iai algorithm, iai ailai be
saaslal desired saelement is found
saaslal or thedalist
saaslaisl exhausted. saaslaIn saaslal saaslal list need saaslnot al
daadsas
Padasalai
aad a d
a a
d a d
a a
d a a d a d
a a
d a d
aad a d
a a
d a d
a a
d a
P P
ordered. P P P P P P P P P P P P P P
iaiPseudo codeaslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
adsaaslal adsa adsa adsa adsa adsa adsa adsa adsaas
l
a PaPda PaPda
1. Traverse the array using for loop PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda a
PP d
a
iai 2. In everylailai
iteration, compare the
lailai
target search
lailai
key value with
lailai lailai
the current lailai
value of the list.
lailai
a saaslal adsaas saas saas s
a as saas s
a as saas adsaas
l
a d
PaPda ✓ If the aad
PaPdvalues
ad
PaPdadisplay the
match, daad
PaPcurrent
ad
PaPdaand valuePof
index ad array adaad
aPdathe PP PaPda
✓ If the values do not match, move on to the next array element.
iai ai
aslailmatch
i
aslaila display
i
lailasearch i
aslaila not found.aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
a
dsaaslal 3. daIfdsano isafound,
dsa adsaathe
s element
ads
a adsa ads
a adsa adsaas
l
a PaPa PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda a
PP d
a
Example:
iai Input: values[] =a{5, 34, 65, 12, 77, 35}
saaslal a lailai a l ilai a lailai iai
saaslal
iai
saaslal
iai
saaslal
iai
saaslal l
ad adsa s a
d s
a s a
d s
a s a
d a
d a
d a
d adsaas
a PaPatarget = 77
d d
PaPa d
PaPa d
PaPa d
PaPa d
PaPa d
PaPa PaPda
Output: 4
iai aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
adsaaslal adsa adsa adsa adsa adsa adsa a
dsa adsaas
l
a PaPda PaPda
34. b) Input and Output function: PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda a
PP d
a
➢ The input() function helps to enter data at run time by the user
ilai i i i
aslaila function iai i
aslaila result lailai iai iai
ad a
sas l a
➢ d In
ad slala
saaPython, the
d adsprint()
a d a
d saaslalis used dto a
d sadisplay d a
d saason the screen.
d adsaaslal d adsaaslal adsaas
l
a PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPda
input() functions with examples
iai ➢ lIn Python,
i input( i ) function isi used to accept i data asla inputi at run time. i i
adsaaslal adsaasaila adsaaslaila a
d saaslaila a
d saaslaila a
d saas ila adsaaslaila adsaaslaila adsaas
l
a PaPda➢ SyntaxPis aPdaVariable =input PaPda (“prompt PaPdastring”) PaPda PaPda PaPda a
PP d
a
o prompt string is used, to display statement or message on the monitor.
i a i i a i ailai iai iai i ai iai iai
adsaaslal ➢
ad
al
saaslinput( ) with
adsaaslprompt a
d saaslal
string a
d saaslal a
d saaslal a
d saaslal a
d saaslal adsaas
l
a d
PaPa d
aPa d
PaPa(“Enter Your d
PaPa City: ”) PaPa d d
PaPa d
PaPa PaPda
o P>>>city=input
i i i i ▪ Enter i i Your City: i ichennai i i i i i i i i
a a lala lala lala ala lala lala
saslal pg. 5 dadsaaslal adsaas adsaas adsaas aasl
adsPreapared adsaas adsaas adsaas
l
aada PPa a a
PP d
a a
PP d
a a
PP d
a a
PPda By,
PPa da
SARAVANAN Ca
PP–d
a9080584887 a
PP d
a
Padasalai
ad d a
d ad d d a d ad d ad d ad d a
d
a PaPa PaPaThe No isP=5 aPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPda
35. a) i) Display
iai all 3 digit even Number:
saaslal a lailai a lailai iai
saaslal
iai
saaslal
iai
saaslal
iai
saaslal
iai
saaslal l
ad d a
d s
a s for I in
d a
d s
a s
range(100,999,2):
d a
d dad d a
d d a
d d a
d adsaas
a PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPda
print(i”,”)
iai i
i100,102,104,…….998 iai iai iai i i i
saslal
O/P:
saslal
a
saslal saslal saslal s aslaila s aslaila s aslaila adsaas
l
aada PaPda
ada
PaPda
ada
PaPda
ada
PaPda
ada
PaPda
ad a
PaPda
ada
PaPda
ad a a
PP d
a
ii) Output:
iai iai iai iai iai iai iai iai
adsaaslal d adsaaslal 1 d adsaaslal d a
d saaslal d a
d saaslal d a
d saaslal d a
d saaslal d a
d saaslal adsaas
l
a PaPa 1 2PaP
a PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPda
123
a l ailai a lailai aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i l
adsa s adsa s 1 2 3 4 adsa adsa adsa adsa adsa a
dsa adsaas
a PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda a
PP d
a
12345
iai35. b) alailai iai iai iai i ai iai iai
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36. b) Constructor: PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda a
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a PaPa defP__init__(self,
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iai <statements>
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<statements>
iai iai iai iai iai i ai iai iai
adsaaslal d a
d saaslal d a
dsaaslal d a
d saaslal d a
d saaslal d a
d saaslal d a
d saaslal d a
d saaslal adsaas
l
a PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPda
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Set Operations:
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adsaaslal dadsaaslal d a
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a PaPa i.PaPaUnion, PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPda
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iv. Symmetric difference
iai lailai i ai iai iai iai iai iai
a
d saaslal da(i)
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d saaslal d a
d saaslal d a
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✓ It includes all elements from two or more sets.
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asto a
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union( PaPda to join two PaPdasets in python.
PaPda PaPda a
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Padasalai
ad d a
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set_A={2,4,6,8}
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aslailaset_B={'A', ai 'C', 'D'}aslailai
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PP d
a
U_set=set_A|set_B
iai iai i ai iai iai iai iai iai
adsaaslal d a
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d saaslal d a
d saaslal d a
d saaslal adsaas
l
a PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPda
Output: {2, 4, 6, 8, 'A', 'D', 'C', 'B'}
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iai
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l
a PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPda
✓ The function intersection( ) is also used to intersect two sets in python.
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l
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a
set_A={'A', 2, 4, 'D'}
iai iai iai iai iai i ai iai iai
adsaaslal d a
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d a
d saaslal'B', 'C', d'D'}
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print(set_A & set_B)
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a PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa
✓ It includes all elements that are in first set (say set A) but not in the second set PaPa PaPa PaPda
iai ✓ It includes all the elements that are iniatwo sets (say sets A and B) but not theiaone
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i l
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PP d
a
Example:
iai iai iai i ai iai iai iai iai
saaslal saaslal set_A={'A',
saaslal2, 4, 'D'} saaslal saaslal saaslal saaslal saaslal adsaas
l
Padasalai
ad d a
d d a
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d
a PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPda
set_B={'A', 'B', 'C', 'D'}
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Output: {2, 4, 'B', 'C'}
iai iai i ai iai iai iai iai iai
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PPda Preapared By,
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PPda Preapared By,
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