Vasudha Green Farms

(A Reliable Farm Consultants in India)

Off&Res:LIG-83,Road#2,KPHB Colony,
Hyderabad-500085, Telangana.
vasudhagreenfarms@gmail.com

*Brain Storming Session on Moringa*

Thank you Sir,

Thank you Very Much for choosing our services for Keeping Confidence
on us. Our services are result Oriented and based on the Field Trails and
Feedback provided by our esteemed clients.

LEARN FROM THE CONSULTANTS:

We Vasudha Green Farms are the Reliable Farming Consultants in
India and Farmers since childhood. We are imparting details on combined
practical Moringa Plantation. You do not need to re-invent the wheel. You
can leverage on our professional expert advice and your Moringa Business
will start on a good note with dedication. With our professional advice.
Kindly make a note of it that Opportunities are lingering around us and we
have to use them at the Right time.

So you have decided to start Moringa farming. Now you need a

professional to guide you in farm setup and management. You need to start
from the basics from seed to Pod. Now You need a plan for Moringa
farming.. It is often said if you fail to plan you have planned to fail. For your
Moringa Farming to start on a good note and fly. You need the Professional
advice.

• It is Money Spinning Plantation.

• There is Global Demand for Moringa Oil and Leaf Powder are used
Cosmetics, Medicines, Perfumes etc.

• Moringa Products having high Demand Globally.

• All the Parts of Moringa like Leaf, Flowers, pods, seed, Trunk etc are
extremely high demand.

• Particularly Moringa leaves are useful treatment of 100s of ailments in

the Human Body.

• Moringa leaves can be harvested from 3-4 Months of Planting.

• It starts Fruits from 150 Days after Planting.

• Hence we are considering it as GREEN GOLD. !

• Hence start and go on with this Opportunity now.

• This is the Right thing to do at the Right Time and Right NOW.

• Are YOU ready with all your thoughts to into Action.

PKM 1 PKM 2

Now let us come to Cultivation from Seed to Pod and to seed

Annual moringa
 Now let us come to Cultivation from
Seed to Pod
Annual moringa

Varieties
PKM 1,

Characteristics of PKM- 1 Annual Moringa:

• Evolved through pure line selection Seed propagated Medium, dwarf

stature

• Pods are 60-70 cm long with 6.3 cm girth weighing 120g

• Bears 220-250 fruit per tree

• The estimated yield is 50-54 tones/ha

• Low incidence of insect pest and disease

• Suitable for varied soil types (freely drained) in tropical plains

• Most Important is it is Drought Tolerant.

CHARACTERISTICS OF PKM-2 ANNUAL

MORINGA

This is a hybrid derivative developed by a cross between MP 31x MP

28. Medium tall stature. Though it is a latest Variety it has not gain the attention of Farmers
because it is not a Marketable Variety because its crop is too long Pods.

The advantages of Moringa cultivation for

small farmers are :
 • Moringa requires minimum irrigation facilities.
• It does not require much labor and family members can deal with the
variious operations as time requires.
• It calls for small amounts of manure and fertilizers.
• Because small farmers cultivate less than one hectare of Moringa they
can transport their produce themselves to the local market.
• Pruned materials can be effectively recycled for supplying pulp and
paper industries, which is an additional advantage for small farmers.
•

The problems they encounter are :

• Non availability of good quality annual moringa seeds.
• Use of unsuitable pruning methods for ratoon crop management.
• Management of fruit fly and leaf eating caterpillars. Lack of post-
harvest management for maintaining sustainable prices for the
product.
• Lack of co-operative marketing systems

PKM 1
Soil

Annual moringa comes up well in a wide range of soil. A deep sandy

loam soil with a pH of 6.5 – 8 is ideal for cultivating this crop. But it
will Grow well and give crop in any soil except alkali and Acidic Soils. It
gives GOOD Yield in Black Cotton Soils of Dry Lands. In Commend
areas i.e. Canal Irrigated areas Red Soil is better. This Tree is Drought
Tolerant. It will not die in any Circumstances but difference in Yield.
Earlier it’s use is only for Pods (Drumsticks) Production. But now all
parts of the Tree is put into use and will have enormous Income. In
command areas Red soil is Better. In Rain-fed areas Black Cotton soil
is Better. Broadly says almost all the soils except Alkali and Acidic
Soils.

Season :

Planting season is June to February. But the Ideal season is June to

October ( in winter season growth and Flowering will be less ). We are
suggesting a Better Practice is to make the Nursery in the 1 st week of
May or at the End of May by putting the seeds in a poly Bag 3” X 4”
 size with pot mixture to make plantation at the time of 1st Rain in
the Month of June. If it is Irrigation Condition Drip Irrigation is better.

Seed:
The seed rate is 600-700 g/Ac of seeds is required. Sow two seeds per
pit or in poly bags at a depth of about 1”. Containing pot mixture and
transplanted after 35 -40 days of sowing.

Seed treatment :
Soak moringa seeds in 5% panchagavya solution ( 40-50 ml
panchagavya in 1 lit water )Take 1 lit water and pour 50 ml
panchagavya into the water and mix it well and then put moringa
seeds inside the panchagavya water solution for 2 hours in the evening
and by after 5 PM take moringa seed from the Panchagya solution
keep then covering wet cloth or Gunny Bag without any pressure on
the seed and keep it it overnight . Next morning open the bag and
add 50 grams each azospirrillum and phosphobacteria to the seeds
and mix it thoroughly and keep it under shade for 30 min to one hour
before sowing into the pit or in the Nursery Bag .

Land Preparation :
Dig pits of size 45 cm x 45 cm x 45 cm with a spacing given below.
Apply 10-25 kg of compost or FYM/ Vermi compost per pit after mixing
with top soil depending upon the soil. Mix 5 kgs Azospirrillum and
phosphobacteria and speudomonas apply this mix to planting pit.

Varieties:
There are TWO Proven Performed Varieties are available. Though
PKM-2 is Latest Variety.PKM-1 won the Confidence of Farmers,
Because the PKM-2 Pods are longer , it is not Marketable Variety.
Hence for Commercial cultivation PKM-1 is suitable.

ULTRA HIGH DENSITY PLANTING

and
Fertigation in moringa PKM 1
 In Tamilnadu Spacing of 9 Feet from row to row and 6 Feet from
plant to plant distance are adopting Planting about 810 Plants in an
Acre. But as per our experience in Telangana, we are adopting 5 Feet
from Row to Row and 4 Feet from Plant to Plant can Accommodate
2000 .Under Irrigation condition 6 Feet Row to and 5 feet from Plant to
plant is Ideal along with the application of fertilizer dose of 35: 23 :45
g of NPK/pit (150%) through drip increases the yield of moringa.If leaf
collection is adopted Planting under UHD (Ultra High Density ) is Ideal.
In this phosphorus should be applied basally as soil application. N and
K can be applied in the form of urea and muriate of potash through
drip. (Here if Organic is adopted Pour JEEVAMRUTH in the Pits or inject
through Drip.

Full Details of Organic Method of Cultivation is Provided

Separately.

Planting:
Fill the pits with top soil and Farm Yard Manure of TWO
Bowles(Gampas) then add the above manure bio fertilizer mix@ 15-20
kgs in each pit . It may vary on soil Type and Condition. Sow TWO
seeds in a pit and after sowing seeds apply 50-100 grams super
phosphate to each pit and then give irrigation or if drip irrigation
system is available, run the drip after sowing seeds in the pits. After
10-20 Days one weak plant should be removed leaving a Healthy
Plant.

Training / Pinching / Pruning :

In 50-60 days the moringa will grow 60-80 cms height. Pinch the
terminal shoot at the height of 60-75 cms from ground level. This will
produce side branches. When this side branches grows at 60 cms
long, cut each side branch to half length say 30 cms ( 60 cms long
side branches are cut back to 30 cms long ) . Again many branches
are growing from these side branches. Again these side branches from
earlier side branches are cut back to half of its length. Like this you
need to do pruning (cutting branches to half of its length ) 3-4 times
before flowering . After every cutting Spray Fungicide in case of
Chemical Farming and Panchagavya in case of Organic Farming on the
Brances.
 There are TWO methods of collecting Leaves. One is to pick the
Branches and collect the leaf another Method is to tag the insect net to
the TREES and collect the leaves once in 4-5 Days. Another Method is
to spread the Mulching Sheet/Plastic Sheet/cloth on the Floor and
collect the leaves at 4-5 days interval. The leaves be dried in shade
and make it a powder. If leaf collection is adopted only with Market
tie-up.

Moringa should be trimmed to promote branching, increase yields, and

facilitate harvesting. If left to grow without cutting the main trunk, the
fast-growing tree will grow straight and tall producing leaves and pods
only on the primary stem. To encourage the development of many
branches and pods within easy reach from the ground, prune the
apical growing shoot (10 cm from the top), when the tree is 0.6 to 1 m
high (Fig.1), usually 3 to 5 month after planting. Use a sharp cutting
knife, panga knife, or pruning saw to make smooth cuts. New shoots
will emerge from just below where the cut is made. Few months after
and regularly, cut the growing tips of the branches so that the tree will
become bushier (cut at 10 cm each time they reach 20 cm, 2). It will
produce a shrub with leaves easy to collect (Fig.3). Another pruning
strategy is to cut back each branch by 30 cm when it reaches 60 cm in
length. This will produce a multi-branched shrub. Older trees that are
unproductive or too high for easy harvesting can be pruned at ground
level. Farmers should do at least 2 pruning per year, and harvesting
can be the occasion to prune.

Flowering :
Flower will be produce in about 4.5 to 5.5 months after sowing ( so
you will be pruning the plant until flowers are shown up.) once
flowering is noticed you should not cut any of the branches . The plant
will not be allowed to grow high toward sky . All the branches should
be bent down .
Fertilizers:
When pinching is done (cutting terminal shoot at about 2 months
period)
apply 44 grams nitrogen , 16 grams phosphorus and 30 grams of
potash to each moringa plant .This will need you to buy 85 kgs of
urea, 89 kgs of super phosphate and 44 kgs of Muriate of Potash.
In about 150 -160 days apply 50 -100 grams ammonium sulphate per
plant. This will need you to buy 45- 90 kgs of Ammonium sulphate per
acre GA3 ( gibberellins hormone it is Hormone Even in Organic
Farming also it can be used ) 20 ppm ( 1 ml in 50 lit water ) is sprayed
on 90 th days ( completion of 3 months after sowing ) .you may need
250 lit water to cover entire area . so you may need 5 ml GA 3 for a
spray If GA 3 is costly, dissolve 5 lit of sour butter milk and 5 lit of
tender coconut water together and mix 1 lit of this tender coconut
butter milk mix in 10 lit water and spray over moringa leaves 2- 3
times from 3rd month of sowing after pinching of terminal shoot every
Month .This will produce more flowering .
Flowering and pod formation – in about 4.5 to 5.5 months after
sowing the plant will start showing flowers . And in about 8-9 months
after sowing the moringa fruits/ pods will be ready for harvest and
harvest will continue for 3 months .
Yield – Each tree will produce 225 fruits per tree . For 888 trees it will
be 1,99,800 fruits / At an average fruit weight of 100 grams the toal
yield will be around 20 MT( 20,000 kgs )
Income – At selling price of 25 ruppes per kg , it wil produce Rs.5
,00,000 per acre per year After harvest trees are cut back to 75 cms
height from ground level and allowed for second crop ( ratooning
) Water should not stagnate in the field . If soil is clay you should give
drainage along the slope. In summer per tree needs 4 lit water . You
can give water once in a week in summer . If water scarcity exist ,
mulch the field around each tree with paddy straw or other organic
waste

Action on present condition:

Just cut the central shoots that is gown high into the sky and spray
buttermilk coconut water solution two times at weekly interval and GA
3 once after cutting the central shoots .
Technical details about flowering Growing mechanism
 1. Flowering initiation – 150 – 180 days
2. Pod formation – 210 – 240 days
3. Pod length – 37 to 45 cms
4. Pod girth – 6.3 cms
5. Pod weight – 80-100 grams
6. Plant height – 4.0 meter
7. No of pods per tree – 220 to 250 +

FLOWERING

Flowering two times a year:

February – April ,
September – November

Pollination :

Geitonogamous ( self pollination ) ,Xenogamous pollination ( cross

pollination ) . There is no need of any effort in regard to polination.

Flower opening:

3.00 hours to 19.00 hours

Insect visit ( Bee ) :

6.00 to 15.00 hours

Length of flowering in February – may – 51 days
Length of flowering in September – November – 60 days

Flower drop:
• 30 % during Feb – May, and 40 % during Sep- Nov
 • Anther dehiscence – Open flowers available – 5.00 to 9.00 hours in
association with temperature range of 27.3 to 29.3 degree Celsius,
RH – 68-78 %

• Overcast sky and rainy weather delay the process by 30 minutes

.Flower is viable for 72 hours

• Stigma become receptive 24 hours after anthesis, continues to be

so for 48 hours and then turn light brown

• Hence right season and method of cultivation will produce good

yield

After cultivation :
Gap filling may be done within 20 Days to get Uniform Growth of all
the Plants.. Pinch off the seedlings when they are about 75 cm in
height to facilitate more branching. Short duration vegetables like
Cowpea, Bhendi and Tomato can be grown as intercrop.For perennial
moringa, medium pruning of shoots at 70 cm from the tip has to be
followed to regulate flowering and obtain the highest yield of 37 kg/
tree.

Manuring /Irrigation
Irrigate before sowing and on the 3rd day after sowing and subsequently at 10 – 15
days interval according to soil type.

Plant protection-Pests / Moringa pod fly

management :
Developing fruit are damaged by the fruit fly Gitona distigmata which
can be effectively managed by adopting integrated pest management
(IPM) measures. The package includes (i) Application of Fenthion 80
EC 0.04 per cent during the vegetative and flowering stage. (ii)
Application of Nimbecidine 0.03 per cent at 150 ppm during 50 per
cent fruit set and 35 days after (iii) soil application of Neem seed
kernel extract (NSKE) @ 2 lit per tree at 50 per cent fruit set and (iv)
weekly removal of affected fruit. No major disease in India has been
reported as affecting the economics of the crop. However, a new
disease has developed in the Maharashtra region. Pods reaching
maturity showed extensive rot. The disease symptoms are observed all
over the surface of the pods, more conspicuously at the stigmatic end.
On green pods, elliptical or elongated sunken spots with reddish brown
raised margins can be observed. Diseased pods are shrunken to
thinner dimensions at their stigmatic ends, than healthy ones. In
advanced stages of the disease development, the pods are rotten and
dried up pre-maturely leaving uneven raised spots over them. The
causal organism was identified as a fungus Drechslera haraiiensis. This
disease appears to be newly recorded for moringa in the country.
Soil application of Thiamethoxam 25 WG @ 200g a.i. / ha on 150, 180
and 210 days after planting; placement of fermented tomato fruit trap
@ 25 / ha; and need based foliar spray of Spinosad 45 SC @ 56g a.i. /
ha followed by Profenophos 50 EC@ 250g a.i. / ha.

Bud worm, leaf caterpillar and leaf webber:

Dust Carbaryl 10 D @ 25 kg/ha or spray Carbaryl 50 WP @ 2 g/l.

Hairy caterpillar

Use flame torch when the caterpillars settle on the tree trunk.
Ratoon crop

Cut back the trees at 90 cm from ground level after the harvest is
over. In another 4 – 5 months, plants will again come for harvest.
Raton crops can be taken for 3 years. Apply the fertilizer dose of
45:15:30 g NPK/plant, within a week after cutting back along with 25
kg of FYM or compost every year.
Yield
25 - 30 tones of pods/ Ac..

DRYING MORINGA LEAVES :

Moringa leaves should be dried in an area protected from light to
prevent the loss of vitamins and protected from dust and pests to
prevent contamination. If necessary, Moringa leaves can be covered
by thin cloth or mosquito netting to help keep them clean while drying.
The drying process should be completed as quickly as possible to
prevent the growth of moulds; if leaves mould or mildew they should
be thrown out or used for compost. If the humidity of the air is high,
the Moringa leaves should be spread out in a thin layer and mixed
frequently. Farmers can hang Moringa leaf bunches from roof or porch
with string.

MORINGA OLEIFERA CULTIVATION TRAINING GUIDELINES1

I. WHY CULTIVATING MORINGA ?

Moringa is one of the world’s most useful plants. This fast-growing tree
is grown for human food, livestock forage, medicine, dye, composting,
and water purification. Moringa is one of the world’s most nutritious
crops. The leaves of Moringa have more beta-carotene than carrots,
more protein than peas, more vitamin C than oranges, more calcium
than milk, more potassium than bananas, and more iron than spinach.

In short :

• Moringa represents an available source of essential nutrients and

proteins during the all year. It’s a strong immune booster.

• It is a mean to cure and prevent malnutrition in infants, pregnant

and lactating women
 • Moringa produces more leaves during the rainy season which
correspond to the hunger period

• Moringa is easy to grow, process and add into the meal (tea, relish,
soup, …)

• Moringa dried powder can be sold in local markets (Mitundu,

Lilongwe, …)

II. PLANTING METHODS

• Direct sowing

• Sowing and transplanting of young seedlings

• Stem cuttings

Sowing :

2 or 3 seeds per planting station at 2 cm depth

Spacing :

50 cm to 1 m for only leaf production and 3 to 5 m for seed, leaf and

pod production. Moringa develops more easily and grows stronger with
direct sowing. Make sure that the young seedlings can be easily
noticed and well protected from animals, children and other dangers.
Compared to trees planted from seed, trees from stem cuttings grow
faster but develop a shallow root system that makes them more
susceptible to moisture stress and wind damage. Make stem cuttings
using branches of a tree that is at least one year old. Use hard wood
and avoid using young green stem tissue. Cuttings can be 45–150 cm
long. Cuttings can be dried in the shade for three days before planting
in the nursery or in the field. Plant one-third of the length in the soil
(i.e., if the cutting is 90cm long, plant it 30 cm deep). Add compost to
infertile soils to encourage root development. Irrigate regularly to keep
the soil moist but not wet. Irrigate newly transplanted trees
immediately after transplanting to promote early root development. In
 dry and arid climates, irrigate regularly for the first two months. Once
established, Moringa rarely need watering.

Remarks:

Moringa is susceptible to water logging and needs well drained soil. To

increase chances of Success, farmers are advised to start planting at
least more than 10 seedlings in a sandy-loamy soil.

III. PRUNING

Moringa should be trimmed to promote branching, increase yields, and

facilitate harvesting. If left to grow without cutting the main trunk, the
fast-growing tree will grow straight and tall producing leaves and pods
only on the primary stem. To encourage the development of many
branches and pods within easy reach from the ground, prune the
apical growing shoot (10 cm from the top), when the tree is 0,6 to 1 m
high (Fig.1), usually 3 to 5 month after planting. Use a sharp cutting
knife, pang knife, or pruning saw to make smooth cuts. New shoots
will emerge from just below where the cut is made. Few months after
and regularly, cut the growing tips of the branches so that the tree will
become bushier (cut at 10 cm each time they reach 20 cm, Fig.2). It
will produce a shrub with leaves easy to collect (Fig.3).Another pruning
strategy is to cut back each branch by 30 cm when it reaches 60 cm in
length. This will produce a multi-branched shrub. Older trees that are
unproductive or too high for easy harvesting can be pruned at ground
level. Farmers should do at least 2 pruning per year, and harvesting
can be the occasion to prune.

IV. HARVESTING

Leaves can be harvested starting from 6 to 12 months after planting,

depending on the growth of the tree, the kind of pruning and the
watering (well pruned and watered trees can be harvested earlier).
Harvest leaves by snapping leaf stems from branches. Harvesting
 young shoot tips will promote development of side branches where
cuts along the main branches are made. Allow plants to develop new
shoots and branches before subsequent harvests. Leaves harvested in
the middle branches are less bitter and softer than the ones at
extremity. If plants are grown at closer spacing and higher density, cut
plants about 10–20 cm above ground. Older leaves will need to be
stripped from their tough and wiry stems. These leaves are more
suited to making dried leaf powder, since stems can be removed
during the sifting process. For fresh vegetables, tie harvested leaves in
bundles and place them under shade to maintain freshness. The
leaflets can also be dried for a few hours and then stored for
consumption during the hot-wet season, a time when minerals and
vitamins are most lacking in diets. Flowers and pods are normally
produced during the second year of growth. Harvest pods when they
are young, tender, and green. They are eaten as green beans. Fresh
or dried flowers are used for making teas.

V. DRYING MORINGA LEAVES

Moringa leaves should be dried in an area protected from light to

prevent the loss of vitamins and Protected from dust and pests to
prevent contamination. If necessary, Moringa leaves can be covered
by thin cloth or mosquito netting to help keep them clean while drying.
The drying process should be completed as quickly as possible to
prevent the growth of moulds; if leaves mould or mildew they should
be thrown out or used for compost. Sharing experiences to enhance
the quality and impact of development programmes should be spread
out in a thin layer and mixed frequently. Farmers can hang Moringa
leaf bunches from roof or porch with string.

VI. STORING MORINGA LEAF POWDER

Moringa Leaf Powder should be stored in air-tight containers protected

from heat, humidity and light. If the Moringa leaves powder is not
adequately dried or stored it could encourage the growth of molds or
 mildews which could cause problems ranging from unpleasant to
harmful. If stored Moringa powder is exposed to heat or light it will
degrade and the nutrient content will be reduced. Moringa Leaf Powder
can be stored for up to 6 months under the following conditions: clean,
driedpowder stored in air-tight containers, protected from light and
humidity, and kept below 24°C.

VII. COOKING MORINGA LEAVES

A) Fresh Moringa Leaves (Moringa Relish)

The fresh leaves can be added to any type of relish or soup. The less
they are cooked, the better the nutrients will be preserved.

Ingredients :

Moringa leaves, soda, salt, water, tomatoes, groundnut flour Boil

water and add soda and salt for up to a minute, then add Moringa
leaves (without branches).Tomato should be added when all the leaves
sink in soda solution. Let it boil to soften the tomatoes, then add
groundnut flour and reduce the heat (make it simmered) until the flour
is cooked then you can serve it (as okra relish).

B) Moringa leaves powder

Moringa Leaves powder can be added to any food or beverage (tea,

porridge,). The nutrient content of Moringa leaf powder has the
greatest impact on those who are more vulnerable: malnourished
children, pregnant or lactating women, children at weaning age,
HIV/AIDS patients, and the elderly. Malnourished children ages 1-3
years should consume three rounded table spoons(25g) of Moringa
Leaves Powder each day. Pregnant or lactating women should
consume six rounded tablespoons (50g) of Moringa Leaves Powder
each day. Porridge: Depending on the child status, apply 1 to 3
rounded tablespoons to porridge when it is ready to eat and still hot.

Tea:
 Add one tea spoon in a cup a tea already ready to drink. As spice or in
relish: Apply the Moringa powder when the relish is about to be served
and still hot,in order to keep maximum of nutrients.

C) Zitheba

(Moringa vegetables) Boil fresh green seeds (with covers). While they
are cut into pieces add salt, tomato, oil. You can also mix with other
relish like meat.

Important remark:

when using Moringa for malnourished children or pregnant women,

addMoringa leaves only at the end of cooking in order to preserve all
nutrients!
USES IN AYURVEDA
Laxative, antispasmodic; leaves used externally for laryngitis

USING IN AYURVEDA / SIDDHA / UNANI

*Thank you for Visiting !*

Don’t hesitate to Contact us for any Further Details are needed:
MANNE.SN,
for Vasudha Green Farms,
vasudhagreenfarms@gmail.com,
+91-9133498366
P.S:
• Organic Farming Complementary E-
Book will be sent separately.
Meanwhile use Jeevamruth once in 15
Days either through Drip or pour the
solution to the Pits. Also Spray
Jeevamruth once in a Month.
• Images of “PAVM” will be sent
separayely.This Variety won President
of India Award in regard to Nutrients,
Taste and Yield.