Search Go

Electrical Concepts
Tricky but Easy Electrical Engineering!

HOME ABOUT US BOOKS DOWNLOADS CONTACT US PRIVACY POLICY

Topics
CT Matching Factor in Transformer
Differential Protection Power System
Power System Protection
Electrical Machines
DC Machine
Measurement and Instrumentation
CT Matching Factor is basically a multiplication factor by which AC Circuit
secondary current of CTs on HV side and LV side is multiplied to Digital Electronics
make it equal to rated secondary current. This means, if the rated Electrical Drives
CT secondary current is 1A, then multiplication of CT secondary Power Electronics
current by matching factor will give unity. To get this multiplication EM Theory
factor, a reference current is assumed for HV and LV side
separately. This reference current is Full Load current.

Before going into the detail of CT matching factor, let us first

discuss its requirement. As we know that in differential protection, Recent Posts
phasor sum of CT secondary current are considered for
A Case Study on LBB Protection
calculation of differential current. In transformer differential
Logic
protection, the CT ratio in HV and LV side are different, therefore
Single Phase Half Wave Controlled
merely taking the phasor sum will result in some definite
Rectifier
differential current which may be more than the low set differential
Phase Control of SCR – Definition,
setting and hence will lead to actuation of differential element of
Explanation and Advantage
relay even under normal operating condition. Therefore, it is very
Firing Angle of SCR Explained
important to match the CT secondary current so that differential
Natural or Line Commutation-
current is zero under normal operating condition. Let us
Principle with Circuit Diagram
understand this with an example.

Let a 70 MVA, 220 / 6.9 kV transformer is to be protected by

differential protection. Let us assume that the CT ratio for HV side
Subscribe to our mailing list and get
and LV side are 400/1 and 3200/1 respectively.
interesting stuff and updates to your
email inbox.
HV side full load current of transformer

Your Email Please

= (70×103) / (220×1.732)
I consent to my submitted data
= 183.7 A
being collected via this form*
 Subscribe Now
CT secondary current corresponding to HV side full load current

= 183.7 / 400
Thank you for subscribing.
= 0.46 A
Something went wrong.
LV side full load current of transformer
we respect your privacy and take
= (70×103) / (6.9×1.732) protecting it seriously

= 5857 A

CT secondary current corresponding to LV side full load current

= 5857 / 3200

= 1.83 A

Thus the differential current under the considered full load

condition

= (1.83 – 0.46)

= 1.37 A

Normally the differential setting for transformer is 0.2 pu, this

means the differential element will operate. To avoid such an
occurrence it is important to match the HV and LV side CT
secondary current so that their phasor sum may be zero under
normal situation. Also, the rated CT secondary current is 1 A, we
need to limit the CT secondary current to 1. Multiplication of
actual CT secondary current by matching factor under various
normal operating conditions will limit it to 1.

So what will we do to match? We will introduce a term called

Matching Factor (MF). What this Matching Factor will do is that
when we multiply the HV and LV side CT secondary current
corresponding to full load current by this matching factor, the
result will be 1. Let us now calculate this.

As CT secondary current corresponding to full load current in HV

side is 0.46 A, therefore

0.46xMF = 1

MF = 1/0.46

= 2.17
Similarly, the matching factor for LV side

MF = 1/1.83

= 0.546

As we take full load current for calculating the matching factor,

therefore its general formula may be obtained as

Full Load Current x MF = Rated CT Secondary Current

Considering rated CT secondary current equal to 1,

MF = 1 / Full Load Current

For differential current calculation, relay uses this matching factor

to get the current in HV and LV side. This means if the differential
current as calculated in relay is 0.2 pu then the actual HV side
primary current will be

(0.2 / MF)x400 A

= (0.2 / 2.17)x400 A

= 36.86 A

You might be wondering that this is the single phase pick-up

value of differential element. Yes, this is. See, how we have
arrived at the value of single phase pick-up. The formula for
single phase pick-up may thus be written as

Single phase Pick-up Value in terms of CT secondary

= Idiff / MF

Significance of CT Matching Factor:

Let us consider a fault condition within the protected zone. If

transformer is working as step down transformer, the fault current
will be much higher than the full load current in HV side but lower
than full load current in LV side.

CT matching factor in Transformer Differential Protection

Calculated CT secondary current in HV side will be more than 1

and that in LV side will be less than 1. Thus under fault condition,
the value of differential current will rise and subsequently it will
actuate to isolate the transformer from the system.

Hope you enjoyed this article. Please write your comment.

 November 5, 2018 admin Power System Protection 10 Comments

«Parallel Connection of SCR and

Associated Problems

High Set 1 (Is-HS1) & High Set 2 (Is-HS2) and Its Calculation»

10 Thoughts On “CT Matching Factor In

Transformer Differential Protection”

— Yassin

says:
November 7, 2018 at 12:13 am

Excellent Explanation
Thanks

Reply

1. — admin

says:
November 7, 2018 at 9:31 am

Thank you Yassin. Please share if you like it.

— Aaron Lal

says:
December 1, 2018 at 3:07 pm

Thanks for posting! Excellent explanation about the CT matching factor. Keep
up the good work!

Reply

— Manu Das

says:
December 16, 2018 at 9:14 pm

well explained. very easy to understand. nice post.

Reply
 — Sana Vinod Kumar

says:
December 22, 2018 at 4:48 pm

sir,
you explanation was good but in the article CT secondary current
corresponding to LV side full load current

= 5857 / 400

= 1.83 A

but actually there you have to type =5857/3200 =>1.83

Reply

1. — admin

says:
December 22, 2018 at 6:06 pm

Thank you for pointing the typo. Did you find this article helpful
Vinod?

— Logu

says:
March 6, 2019 at 9:24 pm

hi sir,
calculation is very useful, but u can explain in different CT sy ratio adopted.
HV secondary ct is 1A and LV secondary ct is 5A.

Reply

1. — admin

says:
March 6, 2019 at 10:53 pm

Example is just taken to illustrate the idea.

— Sh. S

says:
July 10, 2019 at 8:19 pm

How can I calculate ct matching for duff protection

Reply

1. — Sh. S
 says:
July 10, 2019 at 8:20 pm

CT matching for duff protection

Leave A Reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *

Comment

Excellent clear and concise.

Name * recipient

Email *

Website

Notify me when new comments are added.

Post Comment

This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. Learn how your comment data is processed.

Electrical Concepts © 2020 | Theme: Optimize ↑

About Us | Contact Us | Downloads | List of downloadable generalized specification just for you. | Privacy Policy |