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ARCHITECTURAL SYSTEMS

The ARCHITECTURE of Space Partitions forming rooms

Structure Columns, Beams, Slab
Enclosure Exterior wall planes

THEORY OF ARCHITECTURE
AR. ZHARDEI ALYSON V. NARANJO

Experience through Movement in Approach and Entry

Space-Time Path configuration and access
Sequence of spaces
Light, view, touch, hearing and
smell

Achieved by means of Technology

Accommodating a Program

Compatible with its Context

Physical Form and Space

• Solids and Voids
• Interior and Exterior

Perceptual Sensory perception and recognition of physical

elements by experiencing them sequentially in time.

Conceptual Comprehension of the ordered or disordered relationships

Among a building’s elements and systems, and responding
To the meanings they evoke.

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PRIMARY ELEMENTS TWO POINTS

 POINT Indicates a position in space.  Established by two columnar elements

or centralized forms can define an axis.
 LINE A point extended with properties of :
 Two points can detonate a gateway
 Length, Direction, Position signifying a passage from one place to
another.
 PLANE A line extended with properties of :
 Length and width, shape, surface, orientation
and position.

 VOLUME A plane extended with a properties of :

 Length, Width and Depth, Form and Space,
Surface, Orientation and Position.

THE BASIC THE BASIC

POINT ELEMENT LINEAR ELEMENTS

 POINT The two ends of a line
The intersection of two lines
 LINE Is a critical element
The meeting of lines at the in the formation of any visual
corner of a plane or volume construction.
The center of a field  It is associated with linearity and
direction.

THE BASIC THE BASIC

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PLANAR ELEMENTS Size Color Texture

The physical dimension of The phenomenon of light The degree to which the
 PLANE in architecture Length, width and depth of a surface of a form reflect or
And visual perception that
define three- dimensional volumes form absorb incident light
may be descried in Hue,
of mass and space. The properties saturation and tonal value.
of each plane – size, color, texture.
Is the principal aspect by
A sense of three- which we identify and
In Architectural design we manipulate
3 generic types of plane: dimensional mass or FORM SHAPE categorize forms or the
volume. surface configuration of a
 Overhead plane : Ceiling plane and volumetric form.
Roof plane.
 Wall plane : Walls or any vertical
enclosure of the architectural
space. Visual
Position Orientation
 Base plane : Visual base for the Inertia
building form or the Floor plane or Relative to it environment The direction of a form. The degree of
the ground plane. or visual field concentration and stability

THE BASIC

VOLUMETRIC ELEMENTS

 FORM is the primary identifying

characteristic of a volume.
 Building forms that stands as an object
in a landscape can be read as
occupying volume in spacem

THE BASIC

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Transformation of Form
DIMENSIONAL TRANSFORMATION
By altering one or more of its
dimension and still retain its identity.

SUBTRACTIVE TRANSFORMATION
By subtracting a portion of its volume.

SUBTRACTIVE TRANSFORMATION
By the addition of elements to its
volume.

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 ADDITIVE FORM : Basic possibilities

ADDITIVE FORM : Basic possibilities

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ARTICULATION OF FORM Spatial Organization

 the manner in which the surfaces of a
form come together to define its shape
and volume.
 Form an be articulated by:
 Differentiating adjoining plane with a
change in material, color, texture or
pattern.
 Developing corners
 Removing corners
 Lighting the form to create contrast in
tonal value

Organization of Form and Space Spatial Organization

 The basic ways the spaces of a building can be related to one another and
organized into coherent patterns of form and space.

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Circulation Elements Circulation Elements

Circulation Elements Circulation Elements

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Circulation Elements BALANCE

SYMMETRICAL
RADIAL

ASYMMETRICAL

PRINCIPLES OF COMPOSITION
 BALANCE
 SCALE AND PROPORTION
 RHYTHM
 CONTRAST
 UNITY & HIERARCHY
 CHARACTER PROPORTION

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Proportion
 Is a central principle of architectural
theory and an important connection
between mathematics and art.
 an ordered set of mathematical relationships
among the dimensions of a form or space
 Theories of Proportion:
 Golden Section
 Classical Orders
 Renaissance Theories
 Modulor
 Ken
 Anthropometry
 Scale : A fixed proportion used in determining
measurements and dimensions
Modulor
by Le Corbusier
 He therefore based his measuring tool, the Modulor,
on both mathematics (the aesthetic dimensions of the
Golden Section and the Fibonacci Series), and the
proportions of the human body (functional
dimensions).
 Le Corbusier saw the Modulor not merely as a series
of numbers with an inherent harmony, but as a system
of measurements that could govern lengths, surfaces,
and volumes, and “maintain the human scale
everywhere.”

Golden Section Ken

 It is not only a measurement for the
 Mathematical systems of proportion originate from the construction of buildings. It evolved into an
Pythagorean concept of “all is number” and the belief that aesthetic module that ordered the structure,
certain numerical relationships manifest the harmonic materials, and space of Japanese architecture.
structure of the universe.
 Based on the standard size of Tatami floor mat
 A rectangle whose sides are proportioned according to the
Golden Section is known as a Golden Rectangle.

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Scale
 Scale refers to how we perceive or judge the size of something in
relation to something else. In dealing with the issue of scale,
therefore, we are always comparing one thing to another.

Human Scale is based on the dimensions

and proportions of the human body.
UNITY

Anthropometry

 Anthropometry refers to the

measurement of the size and
proportions of the human
body.

CONTRAST

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RHYTHM

CHARACTER

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