Chronology September 16, 1961 - December 15, 1961

Source: Middle East Journal, Vol. 16, No. 1 (Winter, 1962), pp. 60-85
Published by: Middle East Institute
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 CHRONOLOGY
September16, 1961-December 15, 1961

General resources it contains. "All agreementscovering

prospectingfor these resourcesand exploitingthem,
1961 whetherin Algeria or any Arabstate,are considered
invalid unless concluded with the respective
Sept. 19: The Arab League Council approved a national governments,which alone have the right
"secret plan to face Zionist aggressive activities" to representtheir countries,"the resolutionsaid.
and also decided that membersshould strengthen Oct. 22: The board of directorsof OPEC met in
economicties with Africanstatesto counter"Israeli Tehran-without the Iraqi delegate-to draw up
activitiesin these countries." the agendafor the organization'sgeneralconference
At the end of a 5-day meeting of the Arab on October28.
League Council, the issues referring to the Arab Nov. 1: The 3rd general conference of OPEC in
CommonMarket and those affecting future inter- Tehran ended. Iran, Kuwayt,Qatar,Saudi Arabia
Arab economic relations were referred to the and Venezuelawere represented.
League'sEconomicCouncil. The session was held Nov. 6: Rail trafficserving Syria, Turkey and Iraq
at ambassadoriallevel. Iraq was not represented. has been dislocatedby floods following heavy rain
Sept. 26: The Conferenceof Asian EconomicPlan- in the last 48 hours, it was reportedin Damascus.
ners, convened under the auspices of the UN One death was reported.
Commissionfor Asia and the Far East,was opened Nov. 7: Middle East Airlines reported a 37 per cent
in New Delhi. Pakistan, Israel and Iran were increasein trafficfor the first 9 months of 1961.
among the 21 countriesrepresented. Nov. 13: Enrico Mattei, Presidentof ENI, said at a
Sept. 27: At a pressconferencein Cairo,ArabLeague press conference in Munich that the dangers of
SecretaryGeneral 'Abd al-Khaliq Hassuinahsaid buying 70 per cent of cruderequirementsfrom the
that 57 oil companiesfrom differentparts of the Middle East were greaterthanimporting12 percent
world will attendthe 3rd Arab PetroleumCongress from the Soviet Union. He explained that 12 per
in Alexandriafrom October16 to 21. The subject cent represented the proportion of ENI's total sup-
matter of the discussionsfall under 3 main head- plies that would be furnished by Soviet oil exports
ings: the economic aspect of the oil industry, its with effect from 1964. In 1962 ENI would import
technicalaspectand the marketingof oil. 3,500,000 tons of crude, or 38 per cent of its total
Oct. 5: Oil workers at Port Sa'id boycotted an requirements, from the Soviet Union. Of the re-
Iraniancargo ship when it arrivedfrom the Medi- mainder, 26 per cent would come from ENI's
terranean. The act was attributed to Iran's Egyptian fields, 9 per cent from its Iranian fields,
recognition of Syria. The Turkish Port Workers 12 per cent from Italy and 15 per cent from other
decided to boycott Egyptianships as a retaliation countries.
for a similar refusal by the Egyptianoil workers Nov. 14: A 45-year-old dispute over the reconstruc-
to refuel Turkish ships. tion of the Hijaz railway was reported to have
Oct. 16: The Arab Oil Congress opened. Tunisia, been settled by Saudi Arabia, Syria and Jordan.
Iraq and Iran were not represented. The task has been entrusted to 3 concerns, the
Oct. 21: The Arab Oil Congressrecommendedthat 'Abdallah and Muhammad 'Awad Ben Laden group
Arab states have greaterpartnershipin the manage- of Saudi Arabia, Marobindi Ida of Japan and the
ment and capitalof oil companiesoperatingin their Ferkovial Company of Spain.
lands. It resolved that measuresshould be taken Nov. 15: The resolutions of the OPEC conference
to preventthe transportor sale of oil to Israel,and were published. Oil prices was the chief concern
that oil companies should be notified to respect of the meeting. It discussed the results of the
this ban if they wish to preservetheir interestsin Venezuelan Coordinating Commission for Conserva-
Arab states. It also resolved that the Congress tion and Commerce of Hydrocarbons, particularly
supportedthe Algerian Arab people and their full in preventingthe weakening of oil prices; it de-
sovereignty over the Sahara as well as the oil cided to investigate alleged press reports "that

60

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 CHRONOLOGY 61

crude oil produced in OPEC countries and else- Thamud, Sanau and Habarut areas of northern
where has been utilized by some oil companiesand Hadhramaut. On November 6, Pan American
oil agencies to weaken the price structureof oil Internationalwas granted a concession in those
in the oil market;"and reiteratedOPEC'ssupport areasby the Qu'aytiand KathiriSultanates.
for Iraq in her dispute with the IPC.
Nov. 23: An FAO conferencecommissionin Rome
passed a resolution calling for a regional institute Afghanistan
for the arid zones of the Middle East.
Nov. 30: At the end of the 3-daymeetingin Geneva (See also, Pakistan)
of trade ministers of members of the General 1961
Agreements on Tariffs and Trade (GAAT), a
communiquewas issued, which covered 4 main Sept. 16: Foreign Minister Naim left Kabul for a
points: tariff reductions, trade in agricultural 4-day visit to Moscow to exchange views with
products, obstacles to the trade of less-developed Soviet leaderson recentinternationaldevelopments
countriesand the special case of Japan. in the area.
Dec. 9: The 9th congress of the Arab League's The Ministry of Public Works announcedthat
CommunicationsCommitteeopened in Rabat. The the 21/2 kilometer Salang Pass tunnel, which is
12-daysessionwill examineprojectsfor the unifica- being constructedwith Soviet assistanceto shorten
tion of Arab road, railroad, air and maritime the route from Kabul to northernAfghanistanby
transport. nearly 200 kilometers,has been pushed to a depth
of 1,100 meters.
Sept. 17: Afghanistan denied Pakistani allegations
Aden that Kabul had imposed a blockade on its own
tradeby refusingto find alternativeways of provid-
1961 ing documentation for Afghan trade crossing
Pakistan. Kabul chargedthat by closing Afghanis-
Oct. 7: Leadersof a recentrevolt in the Hadhramaut tan's consulates and trade offices Pakistan had
EasternProtectoratewent on trial before a special deliberatelytried to establishan economicblockade
court in Mukalla, but the hearingwas adjourned. against Afghanistan.
More than 50 tribesmenand their associateswill Sept. 19: SaudiArabiaagreedto look after Pakistani
answer charges of robbery,pillaging and killing interestsin Afghanistan.
when the court resumes. The uprisingwas quelled Sept. 21: The UAR agreed to look after Afghan
with the aid of the RAF at the request of local interestsin Pakistan.
authorities. Sept. 27: A protocol to the Afghan-Polishtechnical
Oct. 29: It was learned that the Wahidi Sultanate assistance agreement was signed, providing for
will soon become the 11th state in the Federation scholarshipsto study in Poland and for Polish
of Arab Amiratesof the South. Its ruler, 30-year technicaladvisorsto come to Afghanistan.
old Sult.anNasir ibn 'Abdallah,will become In- A substantialiron ore deposit was reportedto
formationMinister. exist in northernAfghanistanby a Frenchgeologist.
The Governor of Aden appointed Muhammad King Zahir Shah left Kabul for a 2-week tour
Sa'id al-Husayni Aden Colony Minister of Posts of the provincesto inspectthe progressbeing made
and Information,in successionto 'Ali Salim 'Ali, on economicdevelopmentprojects.
who resigned for personal and family reasons, it A civil air agreementwas signed with Switzer-
was reported. land.
Nov. 10: Sir CharlesJohnstonarrivedin Londonto Oct. 1: ForeignMinisterNaim said that Afghanistan
reportto Colonial SecretaryReginaldMaulding on would not allow its transit trade to pass through
the progressof the Aden constitutionaltalks. Pakistanunless the latter agreed to the reopening
Nov. 21: Britain will hand control of the Aden of Afghan consulatesand trade officesin Pakistan.
ProtectorateLevies to the Federation of Arab Oct. 4: It was reportedin Washingtonthat President
Amirates of the South on November 29, it was Kennedyhas sent letters to King Zahir Shah and
announced. PresidentAyub Khan in which he suggestedthat,
Nov. 24: 'Abdallih 'Ali Murshid, secretary-general if the leaderswere willing, the US could possibly
of the Technical Workers' Union, was sentenced make some proposalsthat might help improverela-
to 24 months' imprisonmenton chargesof sedition tions betweenthem.
and encouragingstrikes contraryto the provisions Oct. 5: King Zahir Shah was reportedto have re-
of the industrial relations ordinance. The union plied "favorably"to PresidentKennedy'soffer.
called 3 strikes last month after a disputewith the Oct. 11: A Sovietarmydelegationheadedby Marshal
Civil Contractors'Association over wages and Sokolovskyarrived in Kabul for an 11-day visit.
working hours. The delegation had been invited to study Afghan-
Dec. 14: It was reported that the Mahra Sultanate istan's military establishmentsas guests of the
of Qishn and Socotra have laid claim to the Afghan Ministryof Defense.

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 62 THE MIDDLEEAST JOURNAL

Oct. 16: An Afghan-Soviettechnical and economic Dec. 4: The Kabul press published additional re-
cooperationagreementwas signed in Moscow pro- ports of grenade attacks by Pushtun nationalists
viding for Soviet assistance in the petroleum, against Pakistani officials and installations.
chemical,food, road-buildingand agriculturalfields
under Afghanistan'sforthcoming2nd 5-yearplan.
Oct. 19: The Foreign Ministry announcedthat it
welcomed the appointmentby PresidentKennedy Algeria
of LivingstonMerchantas his personalrepresenta-
tive to carry out the President's offer of good (See also, General, Iran, Morocco)
offices to help rectify the Pakistan-Afghanistan 1961
border dispute.
Oct. 24: Soviet Deputy Minister of Public Works
Sept. 18: At least 24 plastic bombs went off in
Teachnovicharrivedin Afghanistanto inspectmost Algiers, a record number for any day since last
of the projectsbeing constructedwith Soviet assist- spring, it was reported.
ance. Sept. 20: Alexis Goldenberg, a police commissioner
Oct. 31: The Afghan press reportedthat an Afridi in Algiers, was killed by a "terrorist's bullet," it
tribal assembly had condemnedPakistanigovern- was reported.
ment "oppression"of Pushtuntribes living on the Sept. 21: The
Algiers television station's transmitter
Pakistani side of the border. It alleged that was blown up by European terrorists when it was
Pushtun tribesmentoday blew up several bridges about to relay a nightly news program from Paris.
and fired on Pakistanimilitia forces. Viewers were told to stand by for a program of
Nov. 2: Livingston Merchantarrived in Kabul for
the OAS, during which former Gen. Raoul Salan
talks with Foreign MinisterNaim.
called for a half-hour demonstration for the next
Nov. 5: Mr. Pazhwak, Chief Afghan Delegate to day in favor of keeping Algeria French.
the UN, referringto a Soviet statementon CENTO Sept. 22: The Europeans of
Algiers and other
planning documents, announced that his govern- Algerian cities demonstrated in response to the
ment took a "serious"view of the alleged docu- call of former Gen. Raoul Salan. The television
ments since they referredto Afghan territoryand station in Algiers was again pirated to broadcast
the Afghan people. He said his governmentwas instructions and exhortations from Salan.
giving the documentsserious study. Sept. 23: In Paris, a bomb was exploded in front of
An Afghan-Czechoslovakian trade protocol was the apartment of Gen. Charles Ailleret, French
signed under which Afghan fruit exports to commander in chief in Algeria. No one was hurt.
Czechoslovakiawill be increased 10 fold. Fruit
Sept. 24: A veteran French army officer died in
exports to the regular markets in Pakistan and Algiers of wounds received in a bomb attack. T-wo
India have been impeded by the closure of the rebel leaders were killed by the police; a part-time
Afghan-Pakistanibordersince September.
policeman was shot to death and 2 soldiers also
Nov. 8: Livingston Merchant,ending his visits to were reported killed in a rebel ambush. The deaths
Afghanistanand Pakistan,announcedthat no solu- followed a series of attacks allegedly by members
tion had been found to enable the resumptionof of the OAS. Seventeen bombs exploded in Algiers,
Afghan transit traffic through Pakistan. He said 5 in B6ne and 8 in Oran.
good officeswould continuethroughregulardiplo- Sept. 25: A mob of
about 400 European youths re-
matic channels. portedly held the police at bay for more than 3
Nov. 12: Foreign Minister Naim charged that hours in Algiers, blocking traffic, stoning police-
Pakistanhad massed troops and armoredunits in men and military trucks and tearing up paving
northern areas adjacent to the Afghan frontier. stones. Seventeen persons, including the director of
Pakistani officials in Washington issued a denial the nationalized Algerian Railway System, were
of the charge saying that Pakistanhad withdrawn arrested.
all troops from the area early in 1948 and that In Paris, Col. Roland Vaudrey and Capt.
there had been no change in the policy. Philippe de Saint Remy who were sentenced to 10
Nov. 15: The Afghan press, in its daily accountsof years and 5 years in prison, respectively, for their
Pushtunnationalistattackson Pakistanimilitiamen, participation in the April mutiny, escaped.
reporteda grenadeattackon a Pakistaniofficialin Sept. 26: Following a night
of demonstrations, it
Peshawarand heavy rifle fire on the bordermilitia. was reported that Alfred Fox, an aide in the
Nov. 19: Afghanistanand the USSR signed a sup- British Consulate, was shot and killed. The gun-
plementary transit agreement providing for an man escaped.
expansionof Soviet transitfacilities made available Sept. 29: Maurice Joxe, French Minister for
Algeria,
for the transportof Afghan foreign trade. arrived in Algiers for talks with local officials.
Nov. 23: Prince Ahmad Shah, eldest son of King Sept. 30: Delegate-General Jean Morin instructed all
Zahir Shah, was married to Miss Khatool Omar regional and departmental prefects to issue requi-
Zikria at Dilkusha Palace in Kabul. sitioning orders to their government employees for

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 CHRONOLOGY
the period of a scheduled half-hour strike tomor-
row.
Oct. 2: President de Gaulle threatened to dissolve
Parliament and reassume dictatorial powers if
necessary to carry through his domestic and inter-
national policies. He restated his determination to
bring Algeria to independence through negotiation
with Muslim rebels and through self-determination,
and confirmed earlier reports that he intended to
set up a provisional Algerian executive body to
form an Algerian military force to carry out the
provisional executive's orders and preparations for
a self-determination referendum.
Oct. 4: Brig. Gen. Ahmad Rafa, the French army's
only Algerian Muslim general officer, was named
to command all infantry forces serving in Algeria.
Details of the plan for an Algerian military force
were disclosed. A police force with an initial
strength of 30,000 to 35,000 men, drawn from the
Harkis, will make up the body.
Oct. 5: The French army announced that it had
moved the garrison of its Sakiet frontier post to
a new defense post in Mzaret.
Oct. 8: It was reported in Tunis that the Provisional
Government is prepared to discuss with France its
participation in a "transitional administration" and
a national police force in Algeria.
Terrorists reportedly blew up a section of rail-
way linking Algeria's new administrative center at
Rocher Noir with the rest of the territory.
Oct. 10: A plastic bomb damaged the Spanish con-
sulate-general building in Algiers.
Oct. 11: The Algerian nationalists declared that the
5 nationalist leaders, imprisoned by France, must
be "associated with the responsibilities" of peace
negotiations.
Oct. 13: Six Muslims, including a child, were killed
in communal clashes in Oran between Muslims and
Europeans.
Oct. 15: A mob of Europeans in Oran set fire to a
car and kept the Algerian driver inside to be
burned alive.
Oct. 16: It was reported in Tunis that the Algerian
rebels accused the French government of "direct
responsibility" in what they described as "geno-
cide" in Algeria. A statement issued by the
Provisional Government alleged that "under the
protection" of the French army, Europeans had
"indiscriminately murdered Algerian adults and
children."
Oct. 17: The Assistant Secretary of State for African
Affairs, G. Mennen Williams, met with Foreign
Affairs Minister Sa'd Dahlab and Minister of In-
formation Muhammad Yazid, in Tunis.
In Paris, Algerian Muslims and French police
clashed resulting in the death of 2 Muslims and
the wounding of "several" Muslims and 10 police-
men. About 20,000 Muslims were reported in-
volved in the clashes which took place in the city
and its suburbs.
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63
Oct. 18: The French government announced that
1,500 Algerian Muslims who participatedin the
riots last night would be sent immediatelyto en-
forced residencein their home villages in Algeria.
The Provisional Governmentdeclared that its
organization,the National LiberationFront, had
"organized,directedand controlled"the demonstra-
tion by Algeriansin Paris last night. The statement
charged the French police with "provocation,
brutalityand shooting."
Oct. 19: The Frenchgovernmentreinforcedsecurity
forces in Paris and repatriatedto Algeria by air
and by sea the first 522 of the more than 13,000
Algeriansarrestedin the last 48 hours and in other
round-ups.
Oct. 20: It was reportedthat severalthousandAlge-
rian women and children demonstratedpeacefully
in Paris and elsewhere in France against restric-
tions imposedon Muslimsin Paris and in favor of
independence for Algeria. The police reported
that 1,000 women and 550 childrenhad been taken
into custodyin Paris and its industrialsuburbs.
Oct. 21: It was reportedin Algiers that European
mobs beat and stabbedMuslimsin Oran following
terroristattacksthis morning on 3 Europeansand
the reportedmolestingof a Europeanwoman early
this afternoon.
Oct. 23: French policemen in Oran opened fire to
disperse Europeanrioters there.
Oct. 24: PremierYiusif ibn Khidda proposednego-
tiation with France on "the principle, the means
and the date of a proclamationof independence."
Oct. 26: Europeanand Muslim leaders in Algiers
called on their fellow-citizensto halt the present
"explosionof hatred and violence" in Algeria.
Nov. 4: Vice PremierKarim Bilqasim said in Rabat
that the Muslim rebels were readyto accepta self-
determinationvote as a meansof winning Algerian
independence.
Nov. 5: The OAS called for mass demonstrations
Friday and Saturdayto support the organization's
demandsfor a French Algeria.
Nov. 6: Gen. Raoul Salanwas reportedto have told
a U.S. television interviewerthat he would con-
tinue to fight Presidentde Gaulle "in an effort to
keep communismout of Algeria."
Thirty-nine Algerian nationalist prisoners
escapedfrom a Frenchdetentioncamp at Mauzac,
it was reportedin Paris.
Nov. 7: At Ajaccio, Corsica, President de Gaulle
called the Algerian Muslims to cooperate with
Franceor face the loss of part of their country.
Nov. 9: Rene Joubert,a police commissionerinvesti-
gating the OAS in Algiers, was killed by machine-
gun bullets while drinking in a suburbanbar, it
was reported.
The apartments of about 250 Europeans in
Algiers were searchedin a large-scalepolice action
against Right-Wing extremists that ended this
morning.
64 THE MIDDLEEAST JOURNAL
Nov. 11: French authoritiesin Paris said that the
Muslim leaders of the Algerian rebel organization
in France had been arrested and that nearly
$600,000 in rebel funds had been seized.
Nov. 12: A Muslim memberof the French Senate,
Salah Benacer,was assassinatedin a machine-gun
attack near Algiers.
Nov. 13: Muhammadibn Balla, Hashim Ayt-Ahmad
and Muhammad Khidr were transferred to a
military hospital just outside Paris because they
were "dangerouslyweakened"by a 13-dayhunger
strike.
Nov. 15: The UN General Assembly formally ap-
pealed to Franceto give imprisonedAlgerianrebels
status as political prisoners to end the hunger
strike now 15 days old.
Nov. 16: BernardChenot,FrenchMinisterof Justice,
assertedin Paris that the Algerian prisoners had
"the status of political captives."
Nov. 18: An OAS leader, Jean Dides, was arrested
in Paris. He was actively supportingthe so-called
Committeeof Vincennes, a movementin opposi-
tion to Presidentde Gaulle's policy of negotiating
for independence.
Nov. 19: The imprisonedAlgeriansin Franceended
their hunger strike.
Nov. 22: In a broadcastfrom Tunis, the Algerian
nationalist radio accused the OAS of "Fascist
racism and anti-Semitism."
In Paris, the governmentdissolved the Commit-
tee of Vincennes.
Nov. 25: The French Senate rejected the govern-
ment's proposedbudget for Algerian affairs.
Nov. 26: It was reported that at least 15 persons
have been killed and more than 90 injured in
violence involving Europeans and Muslims in
Algeria since yesterday.
Nov. 27: Seven more persons were killed and 30
hurt as violence continued. In Oran, armoredcars
were sent to halt attackson Muslims ascribedto
Europeanyouths.
Nov. 28: Gen. Raoul Salan was reported to have
slipped througha police dragnet.
Nov. 29: At least 9 Muslims and a Europeanwere
reportedkilled in communalclashesin Oran.
Dec. 1.' A "qualifiedsource"in Algiers was reported
to have said that secrettalks "on a technicallevel"
between France and the Provisional Government
were believed to be in an advancedstage.
Dec. 7: In defianceof an all-out drive against the
OAS, Gen. Raoul Salan announcedthat he had
"confirmed"9 men in commandposts in the OAS
in Algeria.
Dec. 8: Violence betweenEuropeansand Muslimsin
many parts of Algeria resulted in the death of at
least 30 persons,it was learnedin Algiers.
Dec. 10: A new undergroundgroup professing to
supportPresidentde Gaulle declareda "clandestine
war" on the OAS. Bombings in Rightist neigh-
borhoodsin Algiers, attributedto the new organi-
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zation, have reportedly caused tension among
Europeans and demonstrations against the de
Gaulle regime.
Dec. 11: Europeansin Algeria ignored an extremist
order to stage demonstrationsagainst the de
Gaulle regime.
Dec. 12: President de Gaulle signed a pardon for
2,500 Algerian Muslim prisoners,it was reported
in Paris.
Dec. 13: Algerian nationalist leaders, Muhammad
Yazid and 'Abd al-Qadir Chanderli, met with UN
delegate Adlai E. Stevenson.
Dec. 14: At the UN, Algeria's demands for in-
dependencewere pressed by African and Asian
countries before the General Assembly'sPolitical
Committee. It was reported that a resolution to
call on Franceand Algeria to resumenegotiations
on a basis of self-determinationand territorial
integritywas being drafted.
Cyprus
1961
Sept. 16: A delegationof the House of Representa-
tives left by air for Strasbourgin order to attend
the conferenceof the Council of Europe.
Oct. 19: The Cabinet decided that Cyprus should
take part in the organizationfor Commonwealth
educationalcooperation,as a member of its co-
ordinatingcommittee.
It was officiallyannouncedthat unknownpersons
fired, presumablywith a pistol, 3 times into the
house of HiiseyinDervis, a Turkishmemberof the
House of Representatives.
A Federal GermanRepublic delegation arrived
in Nicosia to negotiate the signing of a bipartite
trade agreement.
Oct. 23: The House of Representativesapproveda
resolutiondenouncingnucleartests by great powers
or any other country.
Oct. 30: An agreementon technicalaid and economic
cooperation was signed between West Germany
and Cyprus.
Dec. 5: The Nicosia district committee for the
distributionof GeneralGrivas'memoirsdecidedto
give up the distributionof the memoirs.
Dec. 13: Zenon Rossides, the Cypriote delegate to
the UN, told the GeneralAssemblythat his coun-
try favoredthe admissionof Red Chinato the UN.
 CHRONOLOGY
Ethiopia
(See also, Somalia)
1961
Sept. 21: The governor of Harar, QafiazmiacMadane
Minda, and a representative of authorities from
Hargeisa, Ahmad Jama 'Abdallah, had a meeting
at Jijiga and concluded an agreement on the
establishment of peace and security along the
Ethiopian-Somalian border, it was reported.
Sept. 25: The Imperial Court issued a communique
announcing the state visit of President and Mrs.
S. William Tubman of Liberia as guests of Em-
peror Haila Sillasse and the government, from
October 30 to November 5.
Sept. 26: The government proposed to the Somali
charge d'affaires in Addis Ababa that a conference
be called as soon as possible to discuss outstanding
problems between the 2 countries.
Sept. 30: Four Indian army officers were reported
to have come to Addis Ababa to help reorganize
the imperial bodyguard.
Oct. 2: Acting Foreign Minister Ato Ketema Yifru
called on sister African states to set up their own
regional organization to deal with African prob-
lems and keep out of "cold war" influences. He
was addressing the UN General Assembly.
Oct. 13: It was reported that 2 Eritrean farmers
were killed and 6 others wounded when the
police opened fire on them. The Emperor ordered
an investigation of the incident which was alleged
to have resulted from the farmers' protest of the
loss of parts of their land for an extension of the
Asmara airport.
Oct. 24: Ethiopia extended de jure recognition of
Israel.
Oct. 25: It was announced that new banknotes in
1, 5, 10, 20, 50 and 100 dollar denominations will
be issued on November 2, 31st anniversary of
Emperor Haila Sillasse's coronation. Old currency
notes will remain legal tender.
Oct. 28: It was reported in Addis Ababa that Yugo-
slav planning experts have been invited to draw
up Ethiopia's $100,000,000 5-year plan. The first
5-year plan ends this year.
Not. 6: The Senate and Chamber of Deputies met
in a joint session under the chairmanship of the
president of the Senate.
Emperor Haila Sillasse received the West Ger-
man ambassador and discussed the terms of the
expansion of the German school in Addis Ababa.
The Emperor granted amnesty to 9 prisoners. In
5 cases the amnesty was unconditional, but 3 of
the released were confined to their home towns
and one was barred entry into Addis Ababa.
Nov. 8: The Ethiopian theological society held its
first meeting in Addis Ababa with the main objec-
tive of discussing ways of spreading Orthodox
teaching all over Ethiopia.
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65
Emperor Haila Sillasse was reported to have
ordered an additional grant of 6,000 square meters
of land to the German school in Addis Ababy.
Next year, the school will establish classes to
prepare students for university studies.
The Chamber of Deputies, at a meeting under
the presidency of Girma Walda Giyorgis, set up 6
standing committees to be concerned with legal,
foreign, defense, economic and finance, budgetary
and national development affairs. Ato Aberra
Ababa was elected executive chairman of the 6
committees.
Nov. 10: The Soviet Union and Ethiopia signed a
protocol concerning a 400,000,000-ruble credit
granted to Ethiopia in 1959, the Foreign Ministry
announced. Adjustments had been found necessary,
it said, "in view of the need for revaluating the
amount of credit extended in accordance with the
last change in the gold content of the ruble."
Nov. 15: Jomo Kenyatta of Kenya arrived in Addis
Ababa from London to begin a week's visit as a
guest of Emperor Haiila Sillasse.
The Soviet Union signed a final agreement with
the government to build an oil refinery at the
Ethiopian Red Sea port of Assab. It will have a
capacity of 500,000 tons a year.
Nov. 22: The Soviet ambassador handed Prince
Wassan 24 cases of medicine from Moscow as a
donation to the Qallafo flood victims.
Dec. 1: It was reported that smallpox was spreading
in the Charchar area, and medical teams have
been sent out to vaccinate the people.
Iran
(See also, General, Jordan, Syria, UAR)
1961
Sept. 19: Trade talks between Japan and Iran started
in Tehran for the purpose of finding nmeans to
raise the level of Iranian exports to Japan.
Sept. 30: Seven top officials of Iran's state fisheries
went on trial in Tehran on charges of embezzle-
ment, fraud and misuse of government funds.
Oct. 6: It was reported that NIOC and the Iranian
Consortium have agreed that Iran's revenues from
exports of refined products from Abadan in 1961
should be calculated on the basis of crude posted
price plus 10 per cent-as compared with 12 per
cent in 1960 and 10 per cent in 1959. The agree-
ment was reached during the NIOC-Consortium
talks in London from September 17-22.
Oct. 10: The Shah and Queen Farah arrived in
Geneva from Tehran en route to Paris for a state
visit.
Oct. 11: The Shah and the Queen arrived in Paris
for a 3-day visit.
66 THE MIDDLEEAST JOURNAL

HushangFarkhan,NIOC Directorof Oil Opera- Iraq

tions, was reportedto have told a press conference
in Tehran that NIOC is giving priorityto utiliza-
tion of naturalgas from its Sarajehdistillate field
in the Qum area, ratherthan to crude production
from Alborz.
Oct. 17: The Shah told the FrenchDiplomaticPress
Associationin Paris that Iran might eventuallyjoin
the European Common Market to protect her
economy.
Nov. 4: The Shah called for a partnershipof the
US and Iran to transformIran into a showplace
for the non-Communistworld.
Nov. 5: Severalthousandstudentsfrom the Univer-
sity of Tehran demonstratedon the campus in
protest against what they called "Frenchcrueltyin
Algeria."
The National Front called for a reassessmentof
Iran's bilateral mutual defense pact with the US
and her obligations to CENTO. It claimed that
the agreementsdid not representthe people'sviews
since the Majlis was not representativeof the
people at the time the agreementswere under-
taken.
Nov. 14: Premier Amini announcedthat the Shah
had sent him a directivecalling for him "to employ
all possible means to stamp out corruption,"to
improve tax collection, establish real justice and
"to attend to the people's needs and to establish
rule of the people." The Premieralso announced
that Iran had paid off $69,000,000 in foreign loans not stop what he called "hostile acts endangering
and that, through cuts in imports and a national
austerityprogram,the countryhad managedto end
a trade deficit.
Nov. 17: It was officiallyannouncedthat following
a meeting between Julius Holmes, the US ambas-
sador in Tehran, and the Prime Minister, a loan
and an outright grant were being made available
immediatelyby the US. The loan is intended for
the completionof several 2nd 5-yearplan projects,
including overdue paymentsto a number of con-
tractors,and the grant for new public works to
ease growing unemploymentin the country.
The Iran-PanAmerican Oil Company (IPAC)
was reportedto have struckoil at an off-shorewell
which will be known as Darius 1.
Nov. 19: Ten persons were killed and 11 were
seriously injured when a train struck a truck
carryingworkmennear Tehran,it was reported.
Nov. 22: New import regulationswere issued ex-
cluding lorries, trucks and similar vehicles from
the list of 13 essential items which could be im- Oct. 4: Al-Thawra reported that Ahmad Barzani,
portedonly by letters of creditor advancepayment.
Dec. 8: It was reported that as from March 21, 1962,
the Ministry of Finance will be responsibleonly Oct. 8: General Qasim received members of the
for the operationalbudgets of the ministries,and
the Plan Organizationis, for the first time, to Oct. 9,. General Qasim told the publisher of al-
have the responsibilityof drawingup the develop-
ment budgets of all governmentdepartmentsand
agencies.
(See also, General, Jordan, Kuwayt, Syria)
1961
Sept. 16: Official admission of an armed revolt among
the Kurds of northern Iraq was made in a broad-
cast by Baghdad Radio which claimed that it had
been put down by the army.
Sept. 18: Travellers from Iraq reported in Beirut
that the Kurdish revolt was continuing.
Bishop Sulayman Sayigh, assistant to the Chal-
dean Patriarch of Babylon, died of heart failure
at his home in Baghdad. He was 73.
The leader of a delegation of oil companies con-
ferring with the government, H. W. Fisher, arrived
in Baghdad after 3 weeks' consultations in New
York and London on Iraqi demands.
Sept. 19: The Ministry of Oil announced it had
decided to create a new department to supervise
oil marketing.
Sept. 22: An espionage network "financed by a
foreign state," was reported to have been un-
covered. Several suspects were arrested in Zakho,
Amadia and Dahouk and brought to Baghdad for
investigation.
General Qasim told a press conference in Bagh-
dad that Britain, with the help of the US, had
engineered the Kurdish uprising. He threatened to
close the British embassy in Baghdad if Britain did
the security of Iraq."
Sept. 24: British officials said General Qasim's ac-
cusations of British complicity in the Kurdish
revolt were groundless.
Sept. 25: The British embassy in Baghdad was re-
ported to be inquiring into the arrest of Cyril
Arnold and Alexander Richardson, both business-
men, in an effort to know what charges were laid
against them.
Sept. 26: It was reported in Baghdad that Iranian
authorities have arrested Mullah Mustafa al-
Barzani, accused of leading the Kurdish revolt.
Iranian security and military officials in Tehran
denied the report.
Oct. 1: Al-Ahali reported that Kamal al-Charderchi,
president of the National Democratic Party, re-
signed his post. The central committee was still
discussing his resignation, the paper said.
Oct. 3: Fu'ad 'Arif, Minister of State, resigned "for
personal reasons," it was announced.
brother of Mullah Mustafa Barzani, has surren-
dered to Iraqi army authorities in Kirkuk.
delegations to the oil talks.
Thawra that Iraqi forces have completed their
action against Kurdish "mutineers" in the Barazan
area.

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 CHRONOLOGY
Oct. 11: Negotiations between Iraq and the oil
companiesin Baghdad were broken off. An IPC
spokesmansaid the Iraqi demandswere "unaccept-
able" (Iraq's demands include a 20 per cent
participation in the companies' capital and an
increasein Iraq's 50 per cent share in oil profits).
Oct. 13: In an interview with the Iraq Times Oil
Minister Muhammad Hasan Salman said that
a committee was "alreadypreparing statutes for
a national oil company"to be formed in the near
future.
Oct. 15: BaghdadRadio accusedoil companiesop-
erating in Iraq of "exploiting the wealth and
violating the rights of the people, spreading
intrigues and hatred and violating the provisions
of the oil agreement."
Oct. 17: Twenty-fivepersonswill be tried by a mili-
tary court for their participationin the Kurdish
revolt. Eighteen more were detained on similar
grounds.
Oct. 19: A sum of ?556,340,000 sterling has been
suggested for Iraq's 5-year economic plan, it was
reported. The plan includes 248 major projects,
52 agricultural,55 industrial, 47 communications
and transportand 94 buildingand housingprojects,
besides minor ones.
Oct. 22: The Minister of Agriculture, 'Adil Jalal,
announcedthe completionof the DarbandiKhan
reservoirproject on the Diali River after 6 years
of work.
Oct. 23: It was announcedthat the governmenthas
approved a visit of a Cuban mission seeking to
increasetrade between the 2 countries.
Oct. 25: The General Directorateof Irrigationan-
nounced that it would spend IDI million on re-
viving an ancient irrigation scheme, the Ashati
project.
Oct. 27: Sir Humphrey Trevelyan, British ambas-
sador, paid a farewell call on GeneralQasim. He
was being transferredfor health reasons.
Oct. 29: The governmentannouncedits approvalof
Sir Roger Allen as British ambassadorto Iraq.
Al-Ahd al-Jadid reportedthat Ahmad Salih al-
'Abdi has been ill.
Nov. 3: Iraq and Syria signed an economiccoopera-
tion agreementin Baghdad.
Nov. 4: The Aqaba Port Authoritywas reportedto
have invited an Iraqi economicand trade mission
to visit Aqabaport to learn about the facilities for
imports arrivingby way of the port.
Nov. 11: The Foreign Ministry rejected a British
protest over the arrest of 2 Britons mentioned
above. The note handedto the charg6d'affairesof
the British embassy said the protests had no
foundationin internationallaw and were regarded
as "interferencein Iraqi jurisdiction."
Nov. 12: A 4-manbusinessand industrialdelegation
left Baghdadon a 3-week visit at the invitationof
the British governmentto study social, economic
and industrial conditionsin Britain.
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67
Nov. 13: The Cabinetapprovedthe appointmentof
Nasir al-Hani as ambassadorto Greece, 'Aziz
Yasin as ambassadorto Libya and Tariq Sa'id
Fahmi as ambassadorto Tunisia.
Nov. 21: Oil productionin Iraq during the first 10
months of this year was up 1,200,000 long tons
compared with the same period last year, the
Iraq, Basrah and Mosul PetroleumCompaniesan-
nounced.
Nov. 23: In a speech at the inaugurationof the
Darbandi Khan dam, General Qasim announced
the promulgationof a new constitution "within
weeks or days."
Nov. 25: 'Abd al-SalamMuhammad'Arif, former
Deputy Premierand InteriorMinister,was released
after 3 years' detentionon a charge of conspiring
against the national security.
Nov. 277: Khalid al-Naqshabandi,a memberof the
2-man Sovereignty Council, died after a heart
attack.
Nov. 28: All sentences being served by prisoners
will be cut by 10 per cent on the anniversaryof
the "Day of Safety Rejoicing," it was officially
reported.
Dec. 2: General Qasim appointed Najib al-Ruba'i
presidentof the SovereigntyCouncil with Rashid
'Arif and 'Abd al-MajidKamawnaas members.
Dec. 3: "Safetyand RejoicingDay" was celebrated.
Official and semi-officialdepartmentswere closed
for the commemorationof GeneralQasim'srecov-
ery from his wounds.
Dec. 4: GeneralQasimorderedthe immediaterelease
of 5 men sentenced to death last year for an
attemptto assassinatehim in October1959.
Dec. 5: The "Iraqization"of more than 600 foreign
firms was announcedby BaghdadRadio.
Dec. 6: A trade protocol was signed between
Czechoslovakiaand Iraq under which the former
will import ?200,000 worth of Iraqi dates and
?100,000 worth of Iraqi tobacco.
Dec. 9: The GovernmentGazettecarrieda notice in-
structingall commercialagenciesto be made over
exclusively to Iraqis who have a personal or
corporateholding of the majoritycapital. A total
of 663 commercialagenciescontrolledby 42 firms,
mostly British, are affected.
Dec. 11: A law was promulgatedrestricting the
operations of the IPC, Mosul Petroleum and
BasrahPetroleumto 1,937.75 squarekilometersof
their combinedconcessions.
Israel
(See also, General,Jordan,Lebanon,Morocco,
Palestine Problem,UAR)
1961
Sept. 19: At sunset, the nation began observanceof
Yom Kippur, the Day of Atonement. Trafficdis-
68 THE MIDDLE EAST JOURNAL
appeared from the streets in keeping with the
injunctions of Jewish religious law.
Sept. 28: Israel and Dahomey signed treaties of
friendship and technical assistance in Jerusalem.
Sept. 30: With the turn of events in Syria, Israel
reportedly permitted herself the first "tentative
relaxation" of her watch on the Egyptian border.
Oct. 5: Dr. Robert Lindsay, an American Baptist
missionary who was injured 3 weeks ago in an
attempt to smuggle an Arab boy out of Jordan,
was returned by Jordanian authorities to Israel,
his residence for the last 16 years.
Oct. 8: Informed Israeli sources said that the recog-
nition of the Syrian regime by the Communist bloc
would enable Syrians to maintain, repair and re-
place their Communist-made weapons.
Oct. 9: At the UN, Foreign Minister Golda Meir
called on the Arab states to join in making the
Middle East a "pilot project" for disarmament.
Oct. 11: Premier Ben-Gurion declared in the Knesset
that Israel would not agree to the repatriation of
Arab refugees.
Oct. 14: Rabbi M.J.E. Wohlgelernter, general secre-
tary of the Chief Rabbinate, said that Chief Rabbi
Itzhak Nissim has ruled that the High Court's
order on October 3 to explain the Rabbinate's
ruling on divorce was an "interference in an area
clearly within the competence of rabbinical author-
ities" and has forbidden a response. The ruling
was that a man may take a second wife when
his first wife, taken in civil marriage, will not
agree to a divorce.
It was reported that Israel will not contribute to
the international fund to rescue the ancient temples
of Abu Simbel.
Oct. 17: The High Court postponed judgment on a
divorce case involving a couple civilly married in
Bulgaria 14 years ago in view of the Rabbinate's
stand in the case. Mr. Mashiah sued for divorce
last year in the rabbinical court in Tel Aviv, which
ruled that because there had been no religious
ceremony Mrs. Mashiah had forfeited her rights
and could not claim alimony.
Oct. 18: The Mapai party was reported to be com-
mitted secretly to the enactment of new legislation
aimed at enforcing religious observance in the
country.
Oct. 19: The Supreme Rabbinical Council decreed
that the 7,000 members of the Bani Israel com-
munity in Jerusalem were Jews "beyond question."
This removed the ban, forbidding these Jews from
India to marry "until the coming of the Messiah,"
issued by the Rabbis of Jerusalem in 1915.
Oct. 26: Itzhak Nissim, the Chief Rabbi of Israel,
appealed to "free nations and people with con-
science" to halt the alleged desecration in Jordan
of Rachel's tomb and the Jewish cemetery on the
Mount of Olives. It was reported that the ceme-
tery was being converted into a public park, and
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Rachel's tomb will be used as a place to wash
bodies before burial.
Nov. 8: It was reportedthat the Soviet Union has
resumed its efforts to induce Israel to surrender
real estate in Jerusalem that belonged to the
Czaristregime.
Nov. 13: The Presidiumof the Knesset decided to
put before the parliamentarybody as matter of
urgencythe question of the treatmentof Jews in
the Soviet Union.
Nov. 16: Two hundredphysiciansof the Hadassah
MedicalCenterstageda one-daystrikebecausethey
had not receivedretroactivepay increasesdue them.
It was announcedthat PremierBen-Gurionwill
visit Burmaat the invitationof PremierU Nu.
Nov. 23: In a message read at the opening of the
38th annualconventionof the National Committee
for Labor Israel, Premier Ben-Gurionhailed the
Americanlabor movement"whichbroughtstrength
and encouragement"to Histadrut.
Nov. 24: YehoshuaLevy, treasurerof Histadrut,re-
vealed a $250,000,000 plan to establish new in-
dustries so that 125,000 persons can settle in 3
new areas of Israel-Bsor and Arad in the Negev
and Carmiel in Upper Galilee.
It was reportedthat Israel's cotton harvest had
a "slight decline"this year comparedto last year's
crop.
Nov. 29: In reply to a motion by the Communists
and by Mapam in the Knesset for a debate on
Israel's alleged sale of guns to Portugal, the
Deputy Minister of Defense, Shimon Peres, said
Israel had received assurancesfrom the Fabrique
Nationale in Belgium that it had not suppliedsub-
machine guns of Israeli design to Portugal.
Dec. 2: Dr. Robert Servatiussaid that Adolf Eich-
mannwould take his appealto the SupremeCourt
and, if necessary,to PresidentItzhak Ben-Zvi, if
he is convicted.
Dec. 4: Premier Ben-Gurionleft Israel by air for
his first visit to Burma.
Dec. 5: Israel called upon Moscow to allow Soviet
Jews who wish to join their families in Israel
to do so.
PremierBen-Gurionarrivedin Rangoon.
Dec. 6: In a speech to the General Assembly,
Michael S. Comayurged countriesfriendlyto both
the Arab states and to Israel to take the lead in
seeking a genuine peace settlementin the Middle
East.
Dec. 7: The WHO reported that Israel leads the
world in the ratio of doctors to total population
with one doctor for every 420 inhabitants. The
Soviet Union and the US rank second and third.
Dec. 8: PremierBen-Gurion,in a messageto leaders
of the UJA, said Israel'sgrowing immigrationwas
'one of the greatest challengeswe have faced in
the last decade."
It was reportedthat Tahal, Israel's water plan-
ning authority, will undertake an $11 million
 CHRONOLOGY
contractto provide water supply and distribution
systemsto 4 provincialtowns in Burma.
Dec. 11: The court convened in Jerusalemto an-
nounce the verdict on Adolf Eichmann. The
judges rejected one by one the arguments that
Eichmannhoped would gain some mitigation of
sentencefor him.
In an address to the concluding 24th annual
conference of the UJA in New York, Giora
Josephthal,Ministerof Developmentand Housing,
said that Israel would be compelled to resort to
"shanty-townsto shelter the increasing influx of
immigrantsunless 18,000 new housing units could
be constructedin the near future."
Dec. 12: The JerusalemDistrict Courtcompletedthe
"massive"judgmentagainstAdolf Eichmannwhen
the presiding judge, Moshe Landau, found him
guilty on all 15 counts of the indictment,includ-
ing the murderof millions of Jews.
Nearly all the remaininghospital services pro-
vided by Hadassah in Jerusalem were reported
transferredto the organization'snew medicalcenter
at Ein Karem,in the Judeahhills.
Dec. 13: Adolf Eichmanntold the judges that they
had convictedthe wrong man, it was reported.
Speaking in the Knesset, Pinhas Sapir, the
Minister of Commerce,said that Israel wants an
arangementsimilar to Greece's 22-year transition
period deal with the EuropeanCommon Market.
Dr. Moshe Sneh of the Communistparty said he
was against joining the CommonMarket,arguing
that Israel's developing industries would be
destroyed by the competition from Europeanin-
dustries.
Dec. 15: The court sentenced Adolf Eichmannto
death by hanging.
It was reportedin Bonn that the West German
Governmentendorsedthe death sentenceon Eich-
mann.
Jordan
(See also, General,Israel,PalestineProblem,Syria)
1961
Sept. 19: The West German ambassador,Konrad
Von Schubert,informedthe Foreign Ministrythat
his government had decided to open a German
cultural center in Amman on the lines of the
British Council and the USIS.
Sept. 21: The managingdirectorof the Arab Potash
Company, Khayr al-din al-Ma'ani, said that the
capital of the company will be raised to over
6,000,000 dinars in order to cope with production
of 250,000 tons a year instead of the estimated
70,000 tons.
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69
King IHusaynvisited Karak "to bless a tribal
truce" between the Majali and Masarwafamilies
on one side and the Dabbasas,Tahirs,Shammawts,
Hindawis and 'Ubayds on the other. The truce
ends a vendettawhich started with the assassina-
tion of Prime MinisterHazza' al-Majaliin August
1960.
Sept. 23: The Public StatisticsDepartmentannounced
that the first censusin Jordanwill starton October
28. The American OperationsMission has pro-
vided the computingmachinesrequired.
The Ministerof Communications, 'Abd al-Majid
Murtada,appointedMuhammad'All Budayirchair-
man of the newly created Jordanian Airlines.
Three 4-engine Viscounts, bought from the
LebaneseMiddle East Airways, were registered.
'Abd al-MajidMurtadadisclosedin an interview
with the Jerusalemal-Jihad that the government
had completed its study of recommendationslaid
down by internationalexpertsfor the establishment
of an internationalairport near the Dead Sea.
Sept. 27. It was announcedthat King 1Husaynand
his wife are expectinga child next spring.
Oct. 1: The Ministryof the Interiorannouncedthat
so far 35 candidatesfor the Chamberof Deputies
have been returnedunopposed. If no more candi-
dates withdraw before October 19, 25 seats in
Amman, Kerak, Tafila, Ramallah, Hebron, Salt,
Irbid and Bethlehem will be contested on that
date.
Oct. 3: The Council of Ministers decided to allow
the reappearanceof Akhbaral-Yawm.
Prime Minister Bahjat al-Talhani allowed the
sale of all Syrian newspapersin Jordan, at the
request of the King. Syrian newspapers were
banned in Jordan early in 1958.
Oct. 11: It was disclosedthat Jordanhas sought 25
million dinars from Kuwayt as a grant or a loan
on easy terms to financedevelopmentprojectsover
the next 5 years.
Oct. 15: Saudi Arabiawill protectJordan'sinterests
in the UAR, Prime Minister Talhfini said. Diplo-
matic relations with the UAR were severed on
October 1 following Jordan'srecognitionof Syria.
Oct. 16: Waters of the Yarmuk River flowing
through the first stage of the EasternGhor Canal
began to irrigate50,000 dunumsof reclaimedland
in the Jordan Valley. King Ijusayn opened the
major sluice.
Oct. 17. A 10-yearculturalagreementbetweenJordan
and Nationalist China was signed at the Foreign
Ministry.
Oct. 19: Voting took place for 20 seats in the Cham-
ber of Deputies after 40 candidateshad been re-
turned unopposed. The new body will have 50
Muslim membersand 10 Christians.
Oct. 22. A decreeappointing5 new notablesincreases
membershipin the House to 30 in proportionto
the 60 members of the Chamber. The new ap-
pointees are: Yaquib Muwamar, Salalh Taqan,
 70 THE MIDDLEEAST JOURNAL

Fu'ad 'Abd al-Hadi, Muhmud Krayshan and Dec. 7: King lHusaynleft for Europe "for medical
Mahmud Dajani.
Oct. 25: The grain yield this year was 3 and a half
times the output of last year, according to figures
published by the Ministry of Agriculture.
Oct. 28: The first full census was started.
Oct. 29: The resignation of Samir al-Rifa'i as presi-
dent of the House of Notables was accepted. Sa'id
al-Mufti will take over the duties of the post.
The Council of Ministers decided to appoint a
higher council to supervise civil aviation. It also
agreed to guarantee a loan of 100,000 dinars from
the Arab Bank to the Nablus municipality to
finance development projects, particularly the
town's water supply.
Nov. 1: King 1Husayn opened the Parliament.
Nov. 2: Jordan and the UN concluded an agreement
providing for cooperation by both parties in a 3-
year research program to determine the under-
ground water supply in al-Azrak. The UN will
pay $760,000 of the $1,230,000 project.
Nov. 5: A reshuffle of the Cabinet was reported.
Ahmad al-Tarawnah: Minister of Justice
Hasan al-Khatib: Interior and acting Chief
Justice
Yaqub Muwamar: Minister of State at the
Prime Minister's Office
Wasfi Mirza: Public Works
Rafiq al-Husayni: Minister of State for Foreign Oct. 3: PresidentAyub Khan of Pakistanasked the
Affairs
Bashir al-Sabbagh: Education and Social Afairs
Nov. 6: Prime Minister Bahjat al-Talhini received
the members of the Jordanian delegation to the
financial talks held in Baghdad with an Iraqi dele-
gation to settle outstanding financial questions
resulting from the short-lived Arab Union between
the 2 countries. It was disclosed that the delega-
tions reached agreement on all but one point,
which they both refused to name.
Nov. 11: Rafiq al-Husayni was appointed Foreign
Minister.
Nov. 15: Zuhayr al-Dulati, the Syrian ambassador,
presented his credentials to King 1Husayn.
Nov. 18: A 12-hour curfew was imposed for the Nov. 6: The Chineseambassadorin Rawalpindiwas
final stages of the census.
Nov. 21: The Talhani government won the confi-
dence of the Chamber of Deputies by 49 votes to
2 with 2 abstentions. Fifty-three Deputies were
present.
Nov. 23: Kamal al-Sharif left Amman for Nigeria
to assume his duties as ambassador there.
Nov. 29: A decree was issued appointing Emile
Qubayssi as Director-General of Civil Aviation in
place of Col. Ibrahim 'Uthman.
Dec. 3: The Council of Ministers approved a pro- Sept. 19: British troops began a withdrawalfrom
posal for the operation of a regular air route be-
tween Damascus and Jerusalem at the rate of 2 Sept. 20: Shaykh 'Abdallah al-Salim Al Sabah an-
flights a week.
Dec. 5: Isma'il Majdi presented his credentials to
King HIusayn as Iranian ambassador to Jordan.
examinations," it was reported. Crown Prince
Muhammadwas appointedby him to act as Regent
during his 2-weeks absence.
Dec. 10: The Cabinetblacklistedand forbade deal-
ings with 25 US, Canadian,Indian,British,Iranian,
Greek and Turkish companies for violating the
Arab boycottof Israel.
Dec. 13: The CommunicationsMinister, 'Abd al-
Majid Murtada,announcedthat a numberof loco-
motives bought from Belgium for JD1 million
were to be disposed of because of their unsatis-
factorydesign and high maintenancecosts. He said
they would be replaced when the Hijaz railway
came into use again.
Kashmir
(See also, Pakistan)
1961
Sept. 23: Three candidateswithdrew from the con-
test for presidency of the Jammu and Kashmir
Azad government. Six candidates,including Presi-
dent K. H. Khurshid, remain. The polling by
secret ballot will be held on October7.
US to "use its influence"to help settle the 14-
year-old Kashmir question, it was reported in
Rawalpindi.
Oct. 7: K. H. Khurshidwas elected Presidentof the
Azad government.
Oct. 19: PresidentK. H. Khurshidpromisedto resort
to armedforce if necessaryto obtain independence
for Kashmir. He was sworn in as "electedpresi-
dent of the government of the whole state of
Kashmir and Jammu."
Oct. 24: On the 14th anniversaryof the Azad gov-
ernment, President K. H. Khurshid renewed his
warningsthat his forces would succeedin "liberat-
ing every inch" of Kashmirfrom Indian hands.
reportedto have said that his governmentdid not
acceptIndia'sstand on Kashmir.
Kuwayt
(See also, General,Jordan,PersianGulf)
1961
Kuwayt.
nounced he would leave Kuwayt tomorrow to
visit King Sa'id, but did not disclose the purpose
of the visit.

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 CHRONOLOGY
Sept. 22: The US disclosed that it had agreed to
establish full diplomatic relations with Kuwayt.
Britain and Kuwayt agreed to establish diplo-
matic relations, the Foreign Office in London an-
nounced. J.C.B. Richmond, British Consul General
in Kuwayt, has been appointed ambassador and
Khalifa al-Ghunaym, a merchant and member of
the Kuwayt Currency and Development Boards,
was ambassador in London.
Sept. 27: A 5-man economic delegation led by Ahmad
al-Sayyid 'Umar, Deputy Director of Finance and
Economy, arrived in Amman to study possibilities
for Kuwayti capital in Jordan. The delegation
will proceed to the UAR, Sudan, Libya, Tunisia,
Morocco and Lebanon after its visit to Jordan.
Oct. 3: It was reported that Shaykh 'Abdallah al-
Sallm Al Sabah appointed Shaykh Sabah al-Salim
Al Sabah, head of the Health Department, to the
additional post of head of the Department of
Foreign Affairs, in place of Badr al-Mulla.
Oct. 5: Shaykh Jamil Hujaylan, Saudi ambassador
to Kuwayt, presented his credentials to the Ruler
of Kuwayt.
Oct. 6: The Iraqi Foreign Minister, Hashim Jawad,
told the UN General Assembly that Britain's agree-
ment with Kuwayt was "a threat to other Arab
countries and to the entire Middle East area."
Oct. 10: Shaykh Mubarak 'Abdallah al-jabir Al Sabah,
2nd-in-command of the Kuwayt armed forces, an-
nounced the completion of the withdrawal of
British troops from Kuwayt.
It was reported from Cairo that the UAR
Ministry of Foreign Affairs has officially informed
the Kuwayt government of the UAR decision to
exchange diplomatic representation with Kuwayt
on ambassadorial level.
Oct. 12: In a note to the Arab League, the UAR
officially requested the withdrawal of its troops
serving with the Arab League force in Kuwayt.
Alleged friction between Egyptian and other troops,
especially Syrian and Jordanian contingents, was
the reason given.
Oct. 18: In a cable to the Ruler of Kuwayt, Presi-
dent Nasir explained that there was "undeniable
evidence of a conspiracy to disrupt relations be-
tween the UAR contingent and Kuwayt," for which
reason he asked for the withdrawal of his con-
tingent.
Oct. 21: The Department of Foreign Affairs received
a note from the government of Iceland announcing
recognition of Kuwayt and expressing the wish for
the establishment of diplomatic relations, it was
announced.
Oct. 22: A Kuwayti representative handed President
Nasir a note from the Ruler of Kuwayt asking him
to reconsider his decision to withdraw UAR forces
from Kuwayt.
Oct. 24: Sierra Leone recognized the Kuwayt govern-
ment.
Nov. 5: Kuwayt al-Yawm published a memorandum
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71
from the Directorof Financeand Economy,Shaykh
Jabir al-AhmadAl Sabah,addressedto all oil com-
panies operating in Kuwayt reminding them of
certain articles in their concessionagreementscon-
cerning employmentpolicy and local contracting.
Stressedin particularwere: that (1) the companies
should give preferencefirst to Kuwayti and then
to other Arab nationals in recruiting personnel;
(2) they may employforeign personnelonly when
adequatelyqualified Kuwaytis or other Arabs are
not available;(3) they may renew the contractsof
foreign personnelonly after notifying the General
Oil Affairs Office.
Nov. 30: The Soviet Union vetoed the admissionof
Kuwaytto the UN, as proposedby the UAR.
Dec. 4. The ForeignMinister,ShaykhSabahal-Salim
Al Sabah, said in Kuwayt that his government
would spareno effort and use all diplomaticmeans
to secure Kuwayt'sadmissionto the UN.
Dec. 11: It was announcedin Cairothat UAR troops
in Kuwaytwill returnhome next week.
Lebanon
1961
Sept. 16: A Foreign Ministry spokesmansaid that
Lebanon'ssea and air ports were not closed to any
friendly nation. He was replying to a press cam-
paign, "particularlyby leftist newspapers,"against
visits by British and Americanwarships.
Sept. 20: The Council of MinistersdirectedForeign
Minister Philip Taqla to raise a claim for com-
pensationfor Lebanesepropertiesin Israel at the
currentUN session.
Negotiations for an aviation agreementbetween
Lebanonand Iraq were reportedto have failed.
Sept. 26: A radio network,claimedto be the first of
its kind in the Arab world, was reportedto have
been put into operationin Lebanonlinking it with
the various posts and offices of Interpol.
Khalil Taqi al-din, acting secretary-generalof
the Foreign Ministry,and EugonieszLeszynski,of
the Polish Foreign Ministry, began talks on a 3-
year Lebanese-Polishtrade agreement. Trade be-
tween the 2 countries,which was running at ?L9
million a year both ways, was due to end by
December 31.
Sept. 30: Sticks of dynamite were hurled from a
passing car at the offices of the weekly al-Hawidith.
There was slight damagebut no casualties.
Oct. 5: Lebanonand Poland signed a one-yeartrade
and paymentsagreementworth ?L9 million, renew-
able yearly. This renewsthe provisionalagreement
which expires by the end of this year.
Oct. 7: A fifth "pro-Nasir"newspaperwas bombed
in Beirut, it was reported.
72 THE MIDDLEEAST JOURNAL

Oct. 18: Sabri Hamada was re-electedSpeakerfor
the 15th time at the new ordinarysession of the
Chamberof Deputies.
Norman Burns was installed as the 6th presi-
dent of the American University of Beirut.
Oct. 19: A bomb exploded near the Chamberof
Deputies, smashing windows in the House and
neighboringbuildings.
Oct. 20: Kamal Junblatsaid he had placed his resig-
nation at the disposal of PresidentShihab.
Oct. 23: Premier5i'ib Salam presentedthe resigna-
tion of his governmentto PresidentShihab.
Oct. 25: Rashid Karimi was asked by the President
to form a new Cabinet. He agreedto do so.
Senator Hubert Humphreycalled on President
Shihab.
Oct. 30: It was announcedthat PresidentKennedy
has appointedArmin H. Meyer to succeedRobert
McClintockas US ambassadorto Lebanon.
Oct. 31: Rashid Karami succeeded in forming a
Cabinet.
He headsit for the fourthtime. The membersare:
Rashid Karami: Prime Minister and Finance
Minister
Philip Bulus: Deputy Premier and MiAzister of
Guidance, Information and Tourism
Majid Arislan: Defense
Philip Taqla: Foreign Afairs and Emigriants
Kamal Junblat: Minister of State in charge of
the Interior Ministry and the coordination of
the work of Irfed with ministries concerned
Joseph Skaf: Agriculture
Rafiq Najja: National Economy
Pierre Jumayyil: Minister of State in charge of
the Public Works and Communications Minis-
try and helping in studies aimed at reorganiz-
ing financial affairs
'Ali Bazzi: Public Health
Fu'adBatrus: Justice
'Uthman al-Dana: General Planning
Kamal al-Asa'd: Education and Fine Arts
Edward Hunayn: Labor and Social Affairs
Rene Mu'awwad: Posts, Telegraphs and Tele-
phones
Nov. 4: Kamal Junblatand PierreJumayyilresigned
from their posts "to avoid any perfunctoryargu-
ments" over the question of their ministerial
chargeswhich certain deputies had consideredop-
posed to parliamentarytradition. Only yesterday, 1961
Edward Hunayn resigned also. He was replaced
by Jean 'Aziz, his deputy. Sept. 24: The Libyan Petroleum Commission was
Nov. 7: A trade agreementwas concludedbetween
Lebanon and Czechoslovakiareplacing the 1957
agreement. The new agreementraises the value
of trade between the 2 countries from 9 to 12
million Lebanesepounds each way.
Nov. 11: Joseph Abu Khatar,Lebaneseambassador feet. It has also announced the completion of Gulf
to the UAR, left for Cairo. He was recalled on
November 5 for consultations on the recently
sequestratedpropertyof Lebaneseand Egyptiansof
Lebanese origin in the UAR. It was revealed that
he would again raise this question with the Cairo
government in the hope of reaching a settlement
maintaining the rights of the Lebanese, of whom
there are about 70,000 in Egypt.
Nov. 13: Alexander Riyashi, Lebanese author and
journalist, died in Beirut. He was 73.
Nov. 16: Premier Karami announced his govern-
ment's statement of policy that Lebanon would re-
main the loyal neighbor of Syria and other Arab
states. In foreign affairs, he asserted that the policy
would be one of non-alignment. The statement in-
cluded an appendix listing of the development
projects which the government intended to carry
out.
Nov. 18: The new government won a vote of confi-
dence, 63 to 18.
Nov. 21: In a broadcast to the nation, President
Shihab declared that Lebanon firmly believed in
its position as "a loyal member of the Arab com-
munity, pledged to work for a united victory for
Arabs." He spoke over a new Lebanese radio
station, Voice of Lebanon.
Nov. 22: The 18th anniversary of independence was
celebrated throughout the country.
Dec. 1: Representatives of the Lebanese Chambers
of Commerce, Industry and Agriculture, were re-
ported to have submitted to Premier Rashid
Kar.mi a survey on trade and transit between
Lebanon and Syria and a draft agreement. The
survey proposes the removal of restrictions on the
import of agricultural, animal, industrial and
mineral products from both countries.
Dec. 7: A Syrian delegation returning the visit of
a Lebanese goodwill delegation to Damascus on
November 26 was formally received at the frontier
by Khalil Taqi al-din. Later the delegation con-
ferred with Premier Karami.
Dec. 12: The Soviet Union protested to the Lebanese
government against the inclusion of West Berlin
in the Lebanese-West German trade agreement of
October 20. The technical cooperation agreement
included a provision extending it to West Berlin
unless West Germany made a statement contrary
to this in 3 months.
Libya
reported to have announced that Compagnie des
Petroles Total (Libye) has completed its new
discovery well No. Bi in Concession 61 in north-
western Tripolitania. The well tested at the rate of
1,093 b/d of 34.60 API oil from a depth of 9,842
Oil's well No. Y1 in Concession 66 in Tripoli-
tania, which tested at a rate of 400 b/d of 42.50
API oil from a depth of 5,050 feet.

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 CHRONOLOGY 73

Sept. 28: Ausonia Mineraria (AMI) spudded its Sept. 23: Casablancaauthoritiesreportedthat 6,338
first wildcat, Al, in Concession 85, Zone IV passports had been delivered to Moroccan Jews
(Fezzan), it was reported. since July 1.
Sept. 30: It was learned that a new development Sept. 29: The Ministerof the Economy,Muhammad
council has been formed in Libya. It is reported Dawiri, announcedin Rabat that Yugoslavia has
to be formulatinga 5-year plan for development granted a $5 million loan to Morocco for new
in the social and economicfields. The governorof factories and industrial equipment. He said a
Tripolitania said that the governmentwould use similar loan was expected from Czechoslovakia.
Sept. 30: The French air base in Marrakeshwas
oil royaltiesto develop agricultural,irrigationand
other projects. handedover to Morocco-the last militaryinstalla-
Oct. 14: It was reported that one of Gutehoff- tion to be evacuatedby the Frenchunder a year-
nungshuetteof Oberhausen'ssubsidiaries,Haniel old agreementbetween the 2 countries. It was
and Lueg of Dusseldorf, has acquired a 49 per learnedalso that the US has agreedto withdrawits
cent sharein the newly formedLibyanDrilling and forces from Kenitra and other bases in Morocco
Service Company, Ltd. The new company will by the end of 1963.
undertakecontractwork for oil companiesin Libya. Oct. 2: G. MennenWilliams, US AssistantSecretary
Oct. 15: The Oasis Oil Companyspudded its first of State for African Affairs, arrived in Morocco
wildcat, Al, in Concession 71, Zone III on the first stop of a 9-nation tour of North and
(Cyrenaica). West Africa.
Oct. 25: King Idris officiatedat a ceremonymarking Oct. 3: After'a talk betweenKing Ilasan and Mr. G.
the first export of crudeoil. He openeda valve to Mennen Williams, the Royal Protocol Office an-
start the flow of crude oil to a tankerin the new nouncedthat they had exchangedviews on "various
Esso Standard (Libya) terminal at Marsa Brega. problems connectedwith colonialism that darken
The supply came from Esso's Zelten field through internationalrelations and threatenworld peace."
a 110-mile pipeline completedlast August. Oct. 9: Rail trafficbetweenMoroccoand Algeriawas
Oct. 27: It was reportedthat Lurgi, of West Ger- interruptedfor several hours after French forces
many, has agreed to invest $280,000 in a joint stationed in Algeria shelled the track during the
enterprisewith Libyan interests for the construc- night, it was reportedin Oujda.
tion of a soap factory. Oct. 10: A libel trial opened in Rabat concerning
Nov. 7: It was reported in Benghazi that BP Ex- alleged attemptsat corruptionin the handling of
ploration Company (Libya) had discovered oil bids for the constructionof a chemical-plantproject
"in large commercialquantities in a concession based on Morocco's phosphate industry. The
area sharedwith anothercompany"in Cyrenaica. Minister of Interior has accused Avant Garde,
Nov. 9: A decree was issued amendingthe Libyan a publicationof the MoroccanTradeUnion Federa-
Petroleum Law No. 25 of 1955 as amended by tion, of a "libelousattack"againstthe Ministerof
decreesissued on May 21, 1955 and July 3, 1961, Economy,MuhammadDawiri, in an editorial en-
respectively. titled "The Reign of Scandal."
Nov. 28: Esso Standard (Libya) announcedplans Oct. 18: It was reportedthat internationalrelief to
for a $50 million water pressure maintenance 116,000 refugees from the Algerian war was in
project for its Zelten oilfield in Cyrenaica. The danger of being cut off becauseof a disagreement
plans involve injection of large volumes of sea between the UN High Commissionfor Refugees
water from the Mediterraneaninto the Zelton field and the Moroccangovernment. Moroccoclaims it
to ensure the most efficientfield operation. never agreed to pay for the transportationcosts
Dec. 10: Britain's Princess Alexandra arrived in evaluated at about $600,000.
Tripoli from Sudanfor a 2-dayvisit.
Oct. 23: The Istiqlal party issued an appeal for an
Dec. 14: Salim Shita, secretary-general of the Libyanend to nuclearweapons testing.
General Workers' Union, was reported to have
been sentencedby a court in Tripoli to 4 and a Oct. 26: The SecurityCouncil'sapprovalof Mauri-
half months' imprisonmentand fined ?L 20 on a tania'srequestfor admissionto the UN reportedly
charge of incitementto strike. brought forth a "strong attack" on the Soviet
Union by Morocco. Moroccopledged to "intensify
action to establish Moroccansovereigntyover the
Saharanterritory."
Morocco Nov. 3: Morocco sent a "strong protest" to the
Spanish government following the sinking of a
1961 Moroccan fishing vessel by a Spanish warship,
Sept. 21: Restrictionson Jewish passportswere re- accordingto the state radio.
ported to have been lifted in the Casablancaarea, Nov. 7: The FrenchNavy destroyerLe Chamoiswas
giving Moroccan Jews the same right to obtain handed over to the governmentat Casablanca.
passportsas the Muslim citizens. Nov. 9: Prince Mawlay 'Abdallih and LamyaSulh,

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74 THE MIDDLEEAST JOURNAL

daughterof the late LebanesePrimeMinister,were that supplied illegal immigrantsto Britain with
married. fake documents,it was reportedin Karachi. They
Nov. 14: Presidentde Gaulle received a Moroccan arrested a used-car broker, who was accused of
delegation of ministers sent by King Hlasan to having forged hundredsof passportsover the last
discuss the continueddetentionof Muhammadibn 5 years.
Balla and 4 other Algerianprisoners. Sept. 22: The governmentannouncedthat President
Nov. 17: The governmentbannedpolitical meetings Ayub Khan will reveal the fundamentalsof Paki-
throughout the country in an effort to prevent stan's new constitutionduringNovember.
outbreaksof violence by demonstratorsdemanding Oct. 2: In an interview in Rawalpindi, President
the release of Muhammadibn Balla, it was re- Ayub Khan declared that Pakistan would resist
ported. by all the means at her disposalwhat he called the
Nov. 21: It was disclosed in Rabat that a team of "thoroughlyunreasonableand irredentist"designs
experts was expectedthere to study the conversion of Afghanistan.
of the $500 million US militarybases in MoroccoOct. 4: Pakistanofficials said that Pakistanitribes-
to peacetimeuses. The announcementcame after men repulsedan attackby 500 Afghan soldiersand
a meeting between King IHasanand US Ambas- conscriptsin the Bajaur area, it was reportedin
sador, Philip Bonsal, and General Charles D. Peshawar.
Palmer, the deputy commanderof US forces in Pakistanand Sweden signed 2 agreements,one
Europe. for cooperationin the family planning program
Nov. 23: A 9-memberUS delegation headed by in Pakistanand the other for the electrificationof
William 0. Baxterof the StateDepartmentarrived 2 towns in the coastalarea of East Pakistan.
in Rabat to study the conversionof the militaryOct. 10: In a note handedto B.F.H.B. Tyabji,special
bases to civilian use. secretaryin the Indian Foreign Ministry, by the
Nov. 25: AhmadBalafrej,personalrepresentativeof new Pakistani High Commissioner,Agha Hilaly,
King Hasan, left for the US to see President Pakistan expressed concern to India about recent
Kennedyexpressedly"to liquidatecertainproblems Hindu-Muslimriots in Uttar Pradesh, in which
and establishfuture friendlyrelations"betweenthe at least 32 personswere killed.
US and Morocco and to examine economic prob- Oct. 13: The US Secretaryof Agriculture,Orville
lems with Americanleaders. Freeman,arrivedin Karachiwith a team of experts
Nov. 27: It was reported that rats have eaten 6 on a study mission to Pakistan.
new-born babies in their cots in the maternity Oct. 14: The US and Pakistansigned an agreement
wards of one of Casablanca'slargest hospitals. underwhich the formerwould provideagricultural
The governorannouncedthat a campaignto wipe commoditiesvalued at $621,550,000 to Pakistan
out rats would be launched. over the next 4 years, it was announcedin Wash-
Nov. 28: King Hlasannamed MuhammadLaghzawi, ington.
former securitychief, as his personalliaison repre-
Oct. 17: An air service agreementbetween Pakistan
sentativechargedwith contactswith the 5 Algerian and Japan was signed.
nationalist leaders imprisonedin France. Oct. 19: LivingstonT. Merchantarrivedin Karachi
Dec. 7: A group of 112 MoroccanJews, reported as a special representativeof PresidentKennedyto
planning to emigrate to Canadaor Australia,left help settle the problemof moving goods between
for France. Pakistanand Afghanistan. There has been a delay
Dec. 8: It was reportedthat the departureof Moroc- in shipments from the US and Europe for
can Jews will continue this month and the next. Afghanistan since the diplomatic break between
Nearly 25,000 of the approximately 180,000 Pakistan and Afghanistan.
MoroccanJews are expected to leave. The official
Oct. 21: President Ayub Khan opened the new
Moroccanposition is that the Jews are flying to $420,000 atomic energy center in Lahore, 30 per
France. Being a member of the Arab League, cent of which was financedby the US International
Moroccohas pledged to ban Jewish immigrationto CooperationAdministration(ICA).
Israel.
Oct. 22: Speakingat a UN Week celebrationof the
Pakistan UN Association in Karachi, Foreign
MinisterManzurQadir said that the UN must be
strengthenedif the world is to be saved from
major disaster.
Pakistan Oct. 23: Livingston Merchant left Peshawar for
(See also, General,Afghanistan,Kashmir) Kabul. Pakistan protested to the Soviet Union
against "derogatoryremarks"made about her by
PremierKhrushchevto the CommunistParty Con-
1961 gress in Moscow on October 17. The protestwas
deliveredin a note to the Soviet charge d'affaires
Sept. 17: The police uncovered a passport racket in Karachi,V. I. Petoukhov.

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 CHRONOLOGY
At a Governor'sConferenceheld in Rawalpindi,
under the chairmanshipof PresidentAyub Khan,
it was decided to grant immunityto membersof
the Basic DemocraciesCouncils from legal pro-
ceedingsfor views expressedin meetingsof various
tiers of Basic Democracies.
Oct. 28: Wazir Ali, the Minister of Economyand
financialadvisorof the Pakistaniembassyin Wash-
ington, told the General Assembly's Economic
Committeethat Pakistan is losing the equivalent
of Manhattan Island every 2 months through
erosion; that the purchasingpower of Pakistan's
export commodities has been cut in half in a
decadeby a worseningworld market,while the cost
of needed manufacturedgoods has grown con-
tinually.
A spokesmanfor the US embassy in Karachi
disclosed that the US will make availableto Paki-
stan next week the equivalentof nearly $18,700,-
000 to help improveand expand education.
Oct. 31: The Governor's Conference appointed a
2-man committeeto undertakethe drafting of the
new constitution.
Nov. 3: The 4th triennial conference of the All-
PakistanWomen's Associationwas inauguratedin
Karachiby PresidentAyub Khan.
Nov. 11: Begum LiaquatAli Khan, ambassadorto
Italy, was designated the recipient of the first
InternationalGimbel Award.
Nov. 13: Pakistanand Japansigned an agreementon
the use of a $20 million Japanesecredit to Paki-
stan.
Nov. 17: The Japanese Prime Minister, Hayato
Ikeda, arrived in Karachi on a 4-day visit.
Nov. 20: In a joint communiquethe Presidentand
the Japanese Prime Minister expressed agreement
on problems of nuclear tests, disarmamentand
strengtheningof the UN.
Nov. 21: The Pakistan Times was sold to a group
of cooperativebankersand governmentcontractors
at a public auctionin Lahore.
Nov. 25: PresidentAyub Khan decided to refer the
Kashmirissue to the UN.
Nov. 28: The UN GeneralAssemblyadopteda reso-
lution calling upon South Africa to negotiatewith
Pakistan and India on the treatmentof those of
Pakistan-Indiaorigin in South Africa.
Dec. 8: It was announcedthat the export quota of tea
has been raised from 10 million lbs. to 12.50
million lbs.
Dec. 12: The Minister of Industries,Abul Kasem
Khan, announcedthat the governmenthas accepted
the plan submittedby Swindell-DresslerCorpora-
tion and Associates, of the US, for setting up a
steel mill in Karachi,capableof producing350,000
tons of steel products annually. The project will
cost Rs. 650 million ($136.5 million) of which
71 per cent will be in foreign exchange.
Dec. 14: The BurmeseForeign Minister, Sao Hkun
Hkio, arrivedin Karachion a 7-day visit.
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75
PalestineProblem
(See also, Israel,Jordan,Syria,UAR)
1961
Sept. 17: Dr. Joseph E. Johnson, special representa-
tive of the UN PalestineConciliationCommission,
left Amman for New York after a tour of the
Middle East, during which he discussedthe Pale-
stine issue in the UAR, Lebanon, Israel and
Jordan.
Dr. Israel Goldstein, world president of the
Keren Hayesod (United Israel Appeal), appealed
to the US to be on guard "againstany formulato
solve the Arab refugee problem that would en-
danger Israel's security."
Sept. 18: The Lebanese Foreign Minister, Philip
Taql-, told the parliamentaryforeign affairs com-
mittee in Beirut that there had been no change in
Arab policies on Palestine. He was replying to
criticismthat the attitudeof Arab countriestoward
Palestine at Belgrade was allegedly "contradictory
and a withdrawal."
Sept. 21: Demonstrations,touched off by the killing
of 5 young Israeli Arabs by Israeli borderpatrols
in the Egyptian-heldGaza strip, were staged in
Nazareth for 2 days. Israeli Arabs shouted anti-
governmentslogans.
Sept. 24: The Arab Higher Committeefor Palestine,
in a statementissued in Beirut, denounced "the
crimes and terrorist activities which the Zionist
gangs in occupiedPalestinehave been carryingout
against the Arabs there."
Sept. 25: The Deputy Mayor of Nazareth, 'Abd al-
'Aziz Zubi, expressed fear that the "rancorand
bitter demonstrations"of last week had set the
Arabs and Jews of Israel "backthirteen years in
their relationswith each other."
Sept. 29: It was officiallyreportedin Tel Aviv that
"armedArab infiltrators"from Egyptianterritory
and an Israeli borderpatrol clashedin the Negev.
Two Arabs were killed.
Oct. 11: PremierBen-Guriondeclaredin the Knesset
that the "only practicaland fair solution" to the
Arab refugee problem would be their settlement
in Arab countries.
Oct. 14: Army headquartersin Tel Aviv said that an
"infiltrator"from Jordan was killed by an Israeli
partol in the Beisan Valley.
Oct. 16: The UN Palestine Conciliation Commis-
sion's annual progressreport, publishedtoday, ex-
pressed "guardedhopes" of making some progress
in resolvingthe Palestinerefugeeproblem.
Oct. 26: The AmericanJewish Committeereported
that more than 80 Americanbusinessconcernsand
70 American-ownedships have been blacklistedby
the Arab Leaguebecauseof businessrelationswith
Israel.
 76 THE MIDDLEEAST JOURNAL

Nov. 2: On the anniversaryof the Balfour Declara- that only the immediate return of the refugees to
tion, the Palestine Higher Arab Organization Israel would resolve the 13-year-old problem, it
issued a statementcalling the Arab states to "con- was reported at the UN.
sign the Palestine question to its rightful people Dec. 11: Fourteen nations tabled a draft resolution
who have been trained in combatingimperialism in the UN special political committee appealing
and Zionism for 40 years." to the Arab countries and Israel to negotiate an
Government departments and schools in the agreed settlement of all outstanding questions.
Gaza strip were closed, and a mass demonstration The Iraqi delegate renewed the Arab demand for
was staged in Gaza to condemn the Balfour the appointment of a UN custodian for refugee
Declaration. property and criticized the Conciliation Commis-
Nov. 6: Army headquartersin Tel Aviv announced sion's representative, Dr. J. E. Johnson, for "doing
that an Arab "infiltrator"had been shot and killed nothing" to find out the wishes of the refugees.
by a borderpatrolin the northeastfrontier. The UAR delegate said the Western press had
Nov. 7: The Knesset approvedby a vote of 68 to 7 played into the hands of Zionism.
the governmentpolicy banningthe returnof Pale- Dec. 12: The US tabled a draft resolution in the
stine Arab refugees. UN special political committee calling on the
The Commander-in-chiefof the Syrian armed Conciliation Commission to intensify its efforts
forces, 'Abd al-Karim Zahir al-din, said in an to repatriate or compensate Arab refugees and
interview in Damascus that the Syrian army was calling attention to the precarious financial position
on alert "and will not let Israel implement such of the UNRWA.
projectsas the diversionof the River Jordan." Dec. 14: The US complained that the Soviet Union
Nov. 9: The UN Chief Truce Supervisorin Pale- was giving "crocodile" sympathy to the Palestinian
stine, Carl Von Horn, returnedto Jerusalemwith refugees but "not a single kopeck" for their
a team of advisorsfrom a 6-dayvisit to Damascus. material support. Earlier the Soviet delegate,
From New York it was reported that Arab Konstantin G. Fedoseev, had insisted that the
refusal to pay their assessmentswas the cause of problem should have been settled long ago and
the deficit of the UNEF. The UNEF had arrears had accused the Conciliation Commission of having
of $27,220,272 as of October31, the report said. avoided its responsibility.
Nov. 12: The Jordaniangovernmentwas reported
to have sent a memorandumto the Syriangovern-
ment pledging "full military and moral support"
to Syria if Israel should attempt to divert the
course of the JordanRiver. Persian Gulf
Nov. 17: An Israeli spokesmanreportedthat Israeli
and Syrianforces exchangedgunfirefor 30 minutes (See also, General)
acrossthe borderin the Tel Kazi area. He charged
that Syrian frontier policemen opened fire on an 1961
Israeli farmerthere.
Nov. 25: Israel and the Arab states were reported Sept. 30: The Arabian Oil Company was reported
to have expressedwillingness to considera "step- to have completed another well in its Khafji field
by-step process" that might lead to progress on offshore from the Neutral Zone. The well tested
the Palestine refugee problem. Such was the con- at a rate of 6,612 b/d.
clusion reachedby the mission undertakenby Dr. Oct. 10: Shaykh Shakhbut ibn Sultan, the Ruler of
Joseph E. Jolmson in a reportto the UN. Abu Dhabi, arrived in London for a 2-day stop-
Nov. 27: Zaki al-Tamimi, director of the Arab over on his way to the US.
Higher Committee for Palestine in Damascus, Oct. 15: King Sa'fid discussed the disputed Buraymi
urged all Palestinianrefugees in Syria to remain Oasis question with a British government repre-
calm, "avoidinterferencein Syriandomesticaffairs, sentative and a UN envoy and expressed hope that
and refrain from anything which might prejudice a peaceful solution will be reached, it was re-
peace or order." ported.
Dec. 5: The Saudi delegate, Ahmad Shuqayri,told Oct. 27: The Saudi delegate to the UN, Ahmad
the General Assemblythat Dr. Joseph E. Johnson Shuqayri, accused Britain of having perpetrated
could not be neutral becausehe was a US citizen "a new set of aggressions against Oman" in the last
and under "Zionistfire"and "Israelipressure." 6 weeks. He spoke during the debate on the
Dec. 7: The US urged that the UN's latest effort to Oman question after the Political Committee over-
make progress on the Palestine refugee problem rode US and British objections to hearing a dele-
be given "a fair chanceto materialize." gation of Omanis.
Dec. 8: Syria and JordanpressedArab demandsfor Oct. 28: A spokesman for Sa'id ibn Taymur, Sultan
a UN custodianshipover propertiesleft in Israel of Oman, denied that British military action "of
by Arab refugees and repeatedthe Arab position any kind" was taking place in Oman.

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 CHRONOLOGY
Nov. 2: Shaykh Salman ibn Hamad al-Khalifa, Ruler
of Bahrayn, died at his residence at Rifa'a. He
was 67 years old, and had ruled since April, 1942.
His son, Shaykh 'Isa ibn Salman al-Khalifa issued
a statement announcing his own accession.
Nov. 21: The Qatar Oil Company produced over
118,000 long tons more oil during the first 10
months of this year than in the comparable period
of last year.
Nov. 22: Standard Oil Company (Indiana) an-
nounced the discovery of a major oil well in the
Persian Gulf. Preliminary tests indicated its capa-
city was in excess of 10,000 b/d.
Nov. 30: The Oman Office in Damascus reported
that "Omani commandos attacked a British military
camp at Nizwa and set fire to it."
Dec. 4: Nationalists from Oman won the endorse-
ment of the UN Political Committee for their
7-year-old campaign for independence from the
Sultan of Muscat and Oman.
SaudiArabia
(See also, General, Afghanistan, Jordan, Kuwayt,
Palestine Problem, Persian Gulf)
1961
Sept. 24: King Sa'fid has ordered the removal of
press censorship and has given full freedom to
the nation's press and publications, according to
an official statement read over Mecca radio.
Sept. 28: The King received the Yemeni Crown
Prince, Sayf al-Islam al-Badr, at the Nassiriya
Palace. No details were revealed of the meeting
which was described as a long one.
Oct. 5: Mecca radio announced that King Sa'id has
given Shaykh 'Abdallah Bilkhayr the title of
Minister of State for Broadcasting, Press and
Information.
Oct. 12: Shaykh 'Abdallah al-Tariki announced the
flow of oil from the Arabian-Japanese Oil Com-
pany's well No. 21 at a rate of 5,160 b/d.
Oct. 20: It was reported that ARAMCO produced
44,050,172 barrels of crude oil in September 1961,
an average of 1,468,339 b/d. Aggregate produc-
tion in the first 9 months of this year amounted to
380,430,587 barrels with a daily average of
1,393,519 barrels. This is an increase of 14.4
per cent over the same period last year.
Nov. 4: Muhammad 'Abd al-Rahman al-Tubayshi,
former consul in Libya, was appointed Director of
Protocol in the Royal Cabinet.
The government issued a statement forbidding
support to any ideology, such as communism or
socialism, that is contrary to the principles of
Islam.
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77
Nov. 6: The Ministry of Agriculture was reported
to have started afforestation of the Arafat moun-
tain to help reduce cases of sun-stroke among
pilgrims during the pilgrimage season.
Nov. 7: Saudi Arabia and Syria agreed to exchange
ambassadors. Shaykh 'Abd al-Rahman al-Hamidi
was appointed ambassador to Syria.
Nov. 11: A Syrian economic delegation headed by
Dr. 'Awad Barakat arrived in Riyadh.
Nov. 12: King Safid's Accession Day speech deliv-
ered by Minister of Defense Amir Muhammad ibn
Sa'Cidaffirmed that the principles of Islam and the
Shari'a are the kingdom's policy guides. The King
pledged cordial relations with all Muslim and
Arab countries and adherence to existing agree-
ments for mutual defense and for cooperation in
economic and cultural fields.
Nov. 13: The Executive Committee for Repair of
the Hijaz Railway announced the award of a
contract for repairing the railroad to 'Abdallah and
Muhammad 'Awad ibn Ladin Company, with a
Japanese and a Spanish firm participating.
Nov. 14: The Director of Public Relations in the
Ministry of Finance and National Economy issued
a statement clarifying the Ministry order prohibit-
ing the printing of publications abroad. The
following were exempted from provisions of the
order: books and scientific papers; international
documents such as airline tickets, insurance docu-
ments, etc.; foreign companies' pamphlets sent to
agents or branch offices; bank checkbooks.
Nov. 15: The Council of Ministers approved can-
cellation of agreements held between the Arabian
Oil Company, Ltd. and Kamal 'Adham. Legal ad-
visors of the Ministry of Petroleum and Mineral
Resources found the agreements, whereby 'Adham
receives 2 per cent of the company's net profit, to
be harmful to the public interest.
Nov. 16: King Safid was admitted to the ARAMCO
hospital in Dhahran for medical tests.
An agreement was signed in Riyadh between
Syria and Saudi Arabia providing for free exchange
of agricultural and animal products. The agree-
ment exempts many industrial and natural re-
source products from customs duties, reducing
customs duties on other items. Free movement of
capital and citizens was agreed upon, establish-
ment of joint industries was encouraged and pay-
ment of installments on the Saudi loan to Syria
were postponed for 2 years.
Nov. 21: King Sa'iud left for the US for further
treatment. Crown Prince Faysal ibn 'Abd al-'Aziz
Al Sa'ud was given charge of the affairs of state.
Nov. 22: King Sa'id was admitted to Peter Bent
Brigham Hospital in Boston. He was reported to
be suffering from a possible stomach ulcer.
Nov. 24: Saudi Ambassador to the UAR Muhammad
Murshid al-Zughaybi was recalled to Riyadh for
consultations with his government. Before his de-
parture he presented the UAR government with a
78 THE MIDDLEEAST JOURNAL
protest against Cairo press and radio attacks on
Saudi Arabia, it was reported.
Nov. 26: The Council of Ministers issued a state-
ment to the effect that: King Sa'id has not suffered
any hemorrhage since his earlier indisposition; his
health is improving and his general condition is
satisfactory; X-ray examination proved his stomach
to be free of ulcer or abscess; he was advised to
remain in the hospital for a rest.
Dec. 6: It was reported that 3 world oil industry
firsts were established with a shipment of 50,000
barrels of butane and propane as refrigerated
liquefied petroleum gas (LPG). It was shipped
from Ras Tanura to Japan in a specially designed
Japanese tanker Gohshumaru.
Dec. 9: The budget for the financial year 1961-62,
which begins today, has a revenue and expenditure
balanced at SR 2,166,000,000 as compared with
SR 1,786,000,000 in 1960-61, it was reported.
Somalia
(See also, Ethiopia, Syria)
1961
Oct. 3: A group of US senators led by Senator Albert
Gore left Mogadishu after a 24-hour visit there.
In an interview he was quoted to say that "of
most significance is the vigorous effort here on the
part of the Chinese Reds."
Oct. 22: Premier 'All Scermarche received the mem-
bers of the Soviet technical mission to Somalia,
accompanied by the Sovi&t ambassador in Moga-
dishu. The delegation reported to the Premier its
visits to various places of the republic.
Nov. 2: Ahmad Salah Bukhari, Sudanese ambassador
to Somalia, presented his credentials to President
'Uthman.
Nov. 6: During the last 2 days the National Assem-
bly debated a resolution by Hiajj AbdallThi Mursal,
calling for the reduction of customs duties on
materials and equipment for the development of
agriculture, industry and geology. The resolution
was adopted.
Nov. 13: The National Assembly approved a motion
to "strongly support the request by the people of
the Northern Frontier Province (of Kenya) to be
united with the Somali Republic before the in-
dependence of Kenya."
Nov. 18: Floods caused by unseasonal and un-
precedented rains in Somalia were reported to have
inundated 60,000 square miles of most of the
country's productive agricultural area. Hundreds
of people were isolated without food, shelter or
medicine.
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Nov. 22: Somalia made an appeal for international
help in the crisis caused by floods and continued
rain.
Nov. 25: More than 100 persons were reportedto
have died in epidemics following the floods in
LowerJuba Province.
Nov. 29: Britain and Italy were reported to have
jointly made an offer of arms to the value of
?300,000 to Somalia,"so that unfriendlycountries
should not get control in Somalia," the British
Foreign Office stated.
Dec. 6: Corriere della Somalia announced the dis-
missal of the Minister of Health, Shaykh 'All
Jamal by Presidential decree.
Dec. 8: Flooding has forced the evacuation of 300
lepers from an island in the Juba River to Gelib
Sudan
1961
Sept. 17: The governmentdecided to establish dip-
lomatic representation at the ambassadorial level
with Communist China.
Oct. 4: President Ibrdhim 'Abblud was met by Presi-
dent Kennedyon his arrivalin Washingtonfor an
11-day visit.
Oct. 5: After a White House conference, President
'Abbuid said his government was opposed to
"colonialismin all its forms." He also called for
a universal ban on nuclear testing and for general
disarmament.
Oct. 6: In a joint statementat the conclusion of
talks, Presidents 'Abbud and Kennedy agreed on
the importance of a nuclear test ban agreement
based on an effective system of inspection and
control.
Oct. 7: President 'Abbiudleft Washington for a
visit to Los Angeles.
Oct. 13: In a speech to the General Assembly, the
President advanced 3 arguments in support of
CommunistChina'sadmissionto the UN. He said
UN admissionof CommunistChina would recog-
nize the legitimate rights of the Chinese people
and their government, enhance the effectiveness of
the UN and aid in the solution of world problems,
including disarmament.
Nov. 1: A new Soviet-Sudanese trade agreement was
signed at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, it was
reported.
Nov. 3: President 'Abbud has approved the granting
of amnesty to 682 prisoners, who will be released
on November 17, in commemoration of the 3rd
anniversary of the revolution.
Nov. 4: A joint company will be established by
Egypt and Sudan to search for oil reserves in
Sudanese territory, it was announced. Sudan will
put up 51 per cent of the capital.
 CHRONOLOGY
Nov. 16: President Brezhnev of the Soviet Union,
who arrived in Khartum yesterday for a 7-day
official visit, began official talks with Sudanese
officials.
Nov. 17: At a parade commemorating the 3rd anni-
versary of the revolution, President 'Abbad spoke
and promised to hold free elections "soon." He
announced the appointment of a committee to
"study and recommend on the establishment of a
central national council," and another to recom-
mend a permanent constitution for Sudan.
Nov. 26: President 'Abbad opened a West German
industrial exhibition in Khartum in which about
300 German firms are participating.
Dec. 1: It was reported that specifications for the
contract for the construction of the Shambat bridge,
to connect Omdurman and Khartum North, have
been sent to 38 firms including 10 British firms.
Dec. 7: With nearly 3 months to go before the end
of the 1960-61 cotton season, the Gezira Board
was reported to have sold for export three fourths
of its own crop. Most of the remaining stocks con-
sisted of Lambert cotton and the Gash and White
Nile crops.
Syria
(See also, General, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon,
Palestine Problem, Saudi Arabia, UAR)
1961
Sept. 20: The Ministry of Housing and Public
Amenities started a building program of 400
houses for low wage earners in various parts of the
country.
Sept. 25: Security patrols seized 2,752 kilograms of
hashish being smuggled into Syria from Lebanon.
Sept. 26: Two parliamentary delegations, one from
Somalia and one from Malaya, left Damascus for
Cairo after visits to Syria lasting 9 and 4 days
respectively.
Sept. 28: Army officers led a revolt against the
regime in Syria.
Sept. 29: The revolutionary command in Syria set
up a government.
Sept. 30: A Cabinet was named with Dr. Ma'mun
Kuzbari as Premier, Defense Minister arid Foreign
Minister. The other members are:
Leon Zamariya: Finance and Supply
Karhan al-Jandali: Public Health
Adnan al-Kuwatli: Interior
'Izzat al-Nuis: Education and National Guidance
'Awad Barakat: Economy and Industry
Amin Nazif: Agriculture and Agrarian Reform
Ahmad Sultan: Justice and Wafqs
'Abd al-Rahman Huriyah: Public WYotrksand
Communications
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79
Numan Azhari: Planningand Social Affairs
Fu'adal-'Adil: Labor
Jordan and Turkey recognized the Syrian gov-
ernment.
The governmentordered the deportationof all
Egyptians and announced a move to close "spy
centers."
Iran announced its decision to recognize the
Syrian government.
Oct. 1: The governmentprohibited civilians from
possessing firearms.
The Damascusradio warned the public not to
engage in demonstrationsfor or againstthe regime.
Oct. 2: Premier Kuzbari announced the arrest of
'Abd al-Hamid Sarraj. He also disclosed that
Syria'sforeign policy is to be one of non-alignment
in which Egypt will be regardedas "no different"
from any other Arab country.
Oct. 4: The Cabinet promulgateda decree re-insti-
tuting the foreign ministry's organization as it
stood in 1952.
Oct. 5: Three Syrianmembersof the UAR delega-
tion to the UN withdrew from the group and
placed themselves at the disposal4of the new
government.
The Councilof Ministerspassed a decreeappro-
priating ?S1,500,000 to open new schools to ac-
commodate all students seeking admission to
secondaryand intermediateclasses.
Oct. 7: The Soviet Union recognizedSyria.
Oct. 8: Czechoslovakiaand Bulgariaannouncedtheir
recognitionof Syria.
The governmentbannedany partyactivityin the
country.
Oct. 9: Premier Kuzbari cabled the UN asking it
to "take note" of her resumptionof membership.
At the same time he cabled the credentialsof a
4-man UN delegation headed by Farid Shahlawl.
Oct. 10: The US recognizedthe Syrian regime.
Oct. 11: Premier Kuzbari issued an appeal to all
Arab governmentsand parliamentsto negotiate a
14-pointplan for a pan-Arablegislature,a supreme
executive council and a joint army and constitu-
tional court.
Oct. 13: Syriatook her seat in the UN.
The Foreign Office in London announcedBrit-
ain's recognition of the Syrian government.
Oct. 16: Interior Minister Adnan al-Quwwatli said
that a judicial council would be set up to try
"all who harmedpeople" under the former UAR
regime. A reward of $1,400 was posted for the
information leading to the arrest of 'Abd al-
Wahhab Khatib, one of Col. Sarraj's leading
intelligenceaides.
Oct. 21: Classes in the elementaryschools were
resumed.
Oct. 24: 'Abd al-Khaliq Hassunah announcedthat
he had receiveda formalapplicationfrom Syriafor
membershipin the Arab League.
Oct. 26: The Cabinet issued a decree under which
80 THE MIDDLEEAST JOURNAL
PremierKuzbarl assumesthe powers of President
of the Republic.
A justice council headed by Majild al-Ghbzzi
was formed to try formerofficialsaccusedof abuse
of office and of the powers granted to them by
the emergencylaw under the former regime.
Oct. 27: Interior Minister Adnan al-Quwwatli said
that the Council of Ministers had completedthe
study of the amendedelectorallaw. New amend-
ments, it was learned,gave suffrageto women and
allocated one representative for every 30,000
people.
Oct. 29: Syria was admittedto membershipin the
Arab League.
The Council of Ministers re-instated Shaykh
'Abd al-Yusr 'Abdin as General Mufti of the
SyrianRepublic.
Oct. 30: The Ministry of Municipalitiesand Rural
Affairs awarded contractsfor sinking 20 artesian
wells in Aleppo, Latakiaand Idleb provinces.
A decreewas issued amendingcertainarticlesof
the electorallaw. One of the amendmentsprovides
for 5 seats in Parliamentfor representativesof
the Bedoufhs.
Nov. 1: Premier Kuzbari appointed Sa'id al-Sayyid
as Minister of Agrarian Reform. Amin Nazif
remainedin chargeof the Ministryof Agriculture.
Nov. 2: The Council of Ministers issued a decree
abrogatingthe nationalitylaw promulgatedduring
the union with Egypt and reviving the Syrian
nationalitylaw of 1953 as amendedto cope with
the new situation. It provides for giving Syrian
emigrantsspecial documentsallowing them certain
privilegesto be definedby the Ministerof Interior,
and respectsthe right of a Syrianwoman married
to a foreigner to retain her original nationality.
The first Jordanianambassador-designate to the
SyrianRepublic,Sa'adJuma',arrivedin Damascus.
Seven foreign and Arab companieswere reported
to have submittedtendersfor the constructionof 2
bridges on the Euphrates River. The bridges
would cost about ?S12 million, one, 500 meters
long, would be built at Raqqa and the other,
1,500 meters long, at Deir ez-Zor.
Nov.. 3: An agreementbetween Iraq and Syria was
signed in Baghdad, which abolishes visas for
travel between the 2 countries and gives the
citizens of each the right to live, work and engage
in business freely in the other.
Nov. 6: Thirty-seven members of the Armenian
TashnakParty were indicted on chargesof spying
for Israel and an unnamedforeign power.
Nov. 7: Two decrees were promulgatedgranting
new facilities to workers. Under the first, issued
by the Ministry of Social Affairs, an employer
having more than 100 workersmust arrangefor a
doctor to provide medical treatment and free
medicine. If the numberof workersexceeds 500,
the employermust, in addition, provide specialists
and be responsiblefor the cost of surgical opera-
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tions. Under the second decree, issued by the
Cabinet, workers employed on a daily or weekly
basis in concernswith over 15 workersshould re-
ceive 50 per cent of their wages during holidays
insteadof the formerunpaid holidays.
The Ministryof Economyauthorizedthe Syrian
Central Bank to put into circulationas necessary
up to a million one-pound bank notes and a
million five-poundnotes.
Nov. 8: The Saudi Arabian Ambassador,Shaykh
'Abd al-Rahman al-Hadidi, and the Jordanian
Ambassador,Sa'ad Juma', presentedtheir creden-
tials.
Nov. 9: The Soviet Ambassador,Anatoly Barkovsky,
presentedhis credentials.
An agreementbetween Syria and the US, under
which the latter will supply Syria with 100,000
tons of wheat and flour, was signed. The loan
amountsto S?7 million.
Nov. 10: The National Charter was signed and
published.
Nov. 12: A decreewas issued after a Cabinetmeet-
ing announcingthat Syriawill hold a generalelec-
tion and a plebiscite on a constitutionon Decem-
ber 1.
Nov. 15: The Minister of Interior, Adnan al-
Quwwatli, announced a provisional constitution
which says that "the Arab Syrian Republic is an
independentsovereignstateand a partof the greater
Arab homeland."The constitutioncontains 8 ar-
ticles which will remainin force until a permanent
constitutionis promulgated. It stipulates that the
people shall elect a constituent assembly for 4
years by direct and secret ballot, and a president
for 5 years. The constituentassemblywas charged
with laying down a constitutionwithin a maxi-
mum period of 6 months.
Nov. 19: Khalid Baqdash, leader of the outlawed
SyrianCommunistParty,was forbiddento land in
Damascus.
Nov. 20: Premier Kuzbarl and 4 ministers-Leon
Zamariya,Farhan Jandali, Adnan Quwwatli and
Fu'ad 'Adil-resigned their posts to run for elec-
tion. Dr. 'Izzit al-Nuis headed the transitional
Cabinet. The membersare:
'Izzat al-Nuis: Premier, Foreign and Defense
Minister
FathallahAsiyun: SocialAffairsand Labor
'AwadBarakat:Economyand Industry
AhmadSultan: justice and Wafqs
'Abd al-Ralhman Huriyah: Public Works, Com-
municationsand Planning
Numan al-Azhari:Financeand Supply
Mustafaal-Barudi: Minister of State for Propa-
ganda, Information, Radio, Television, and
Municipaland RuralAffairs
Sald al-Sayyid: AgrarianReform and Agricul-
ture
Ahmad al-Samman:Education,Cultureand Na-
tional Guidance
'Abd al-Salamal-Tarmanini:Interiorand Health
 CHRONOLOGY
Nov. 28: 'UmarAbu Risha was appointedAmbassa-
dor to the US.
Nov. 29: All Syrian political factions except Com-
munists and organizedsupportsof PresidentNasir
were reportedto be representedin the elections.
Dec. 1: The general elections and plebiscite on a
constitution were held.
Dec. 3: With 155 of 172 contests decided, candi-
dates identified with the conservative political
groups held 86 seats in the new Parliament.
Independents, tribal leaders and men with no
known political leanings held 53 seats and moder-
ate left-wingersheld 16.
Dec. 5: The provisional constitutionwas approved
by a majorityvote of 97.6 per cent. Names of the
172 successful candidateswere published, and a
meetingof the Parliamentwas set for December12.
Dec. 12: The Parliament elected Dr. Kuzbari
Speaker.
Dec. 14: Dr. Nazim al-Qudsi was elected President
of Parliamentby a vote of 153.
Tunisia
(See also, General)
1961
Sept. 18: French and Tunisian representatives agreed
on a plan for the withdrawal of French troops
from Bizertaand its environs.
Sept. 20: Munaji Slim of Tunisia was elected Presi-
dent of the General Assembly, it was learned at
the UN.
The governmentturned over 67 desertersfrom
the FrenchForeignLegion to their home countries:
7 Spaniards, 11 Italians, 3 Belgians and 46
Germans.
Sept. 29: An agreementwas signed in Tunis for
the evacuationof French troops from the city of
Bizerta.
Sept. 30: The French daily newspaper in Tunis,
La Depeche Tunisienne, announced that it was
ceasing publicationafter 72 years becausemany of
its readershave left Tunisia.
Oct. 3: Frenchtroops completedtheir evacuationof
Bizerta.
Tunisia was reportedto have formallyrequested
a special meeting of the Arab League Political
Committeeto consider "eventsin Syria."
Oct. 7: MuhammadMasmudi, the Minister for In-
formation,was replacedby Khaldi Klibi, director
of the Tunisian state radio.
Oct. 12: President Bourguibathreatenedto reopen
the "battle of Bizerta"if Francewould not agree
to evacuateher air and naval base there.
Oct. 13: In Geneva, the InternationalCommission
of Jurists chargedFrenchparatrooperswith having
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81
"deliberately executed and mutilated scores of
Tunisian military and civilian prisoners" in the
fighting at Bizerta last July.
A Tunisian note to France on the subject of
negotiationsto determinethe future of the Bizerta
base was reported to be "under study" in Paris.
It was delivered through the Swiss embassy
yesterday.
Oct. 18: President Leopold S. Senghor of Senegal
arrivedin Tunis for a state visit.
Oct. 20: A high official in Tunis disclosed that
France had in effect rejected a Tunisian demand
for early evacuationof her naval and air base at
Bizerta,it was reported.
The French section of the InternationalCom-
mission of Jurists announcedin Paris that it was
breaking off all relations with the Commission's
SecretaryGeneral,Sir Leslie Munro, in protest of
the action taken by the Commission regarding
Tunisian prisoners.
Oct. 29: Tunisian authorities lifted a ban on 4
French newspapers forbidden since the Bizerta
crisis-France-Soir, Le Nouveau Candide, Le
Herisson and Radar.
Oct. 30: An economiccooperationagreementbetween
Tunisia and Czechoslovakiawas signed in Tunis.
It includes a.$10 million long-termloan bearing
2.5 per cent interest, repayablein goods. Tunisia
will import equipmentfor her industryand export
agriculturalproducts.
Nov. 4: It was revealed in Tunis that the govern-
ment has sent a new note to Franceon the evacua-
tion of Frenchforcesfrom Tunisia. Officialsources
said the note stated "negotiationsshould deal with
drawingup a timetablefor evacuation."
Nov. 8: President Kennedy named Governor J.
Howard Edmondson of Oklahoma to a mission
that will study Tunisia's economic development
plans. The mission is headed by Dr. Gardner
Patterson,directorof the Woodrow Wilson School
of Public and InternationalAffairs at Princeton
University.
Nov. 13: A 5-man team from the US arrived in
Tunis, led by Dr. Patterson. It was revealedthat
the team will study how US aid can best fit into
Tunisia's 10-year economic developmentplan.
Nov. 15: The National Assembly approved a law
banningthe sale of alcoholicdrinksto all Muslims
in cafes and similar public places.
Nov. 17: The Neo-Destour party expelled from its
ranksMuhammadMasmudi.
Nov. 18: PresidentBourguibasaid in a radio speech
in Tunis that Tunisia "will go throughto the end"
in her dispute with Franceover the evacuationof
French troops from Tunisia. "If we do not re-
ceive a positive reply from France our soldiers
and the Tunisian people are ready to resume the
battle of Bizerta,"he said.
Nov. 23: Tunisia and Italy signed economic agree-
ments in Rome. No detailswere revealed.
82 THE MIDDLEEAST JOURNAL
Nov. 27: President Bourguiba handed letters of
accreditation to Tunisia's new ambassadors:
Mahmud Sharshur was transferred to Libya;
Hamad ibn Arfa, the former minister in Moscow,
to Beirut and Amman; Tah.ar Bilkhodja, former
charge d'affaires in Paris, to Senegal.
Nov. 30: The Tunisian news agency, TAP, said in
a report from Paris that direct contacts between
France and Tunisia over the Bizerta question were
expected to take place some time next week. Such
contacts, it said, would be exploratory and would
probably take place in Paris.
Dec. 1: Dr. Gardner Patterson left after about 3
weeks stay. On his way he will have final talks
with the Secretary of State for Finance and Plan-
ning, Ahmad ibn Salah, in Geneva.
Dec. 7: Franco-Tunisian talks on Bizerta and other
problems opened in Rome.
Ahmad ibn Salah told parliament that Tunisia
will have an "austerity" budget but no new taxes
in 1962. The incerase of 700,000 dinars over the
1961 budget is slightly over one per cent.
Turkey
(See also, General,Cyprus,Jordan,Syria,UAR)
1961
Sept. 16: Fatin Rustu Zorlu and Hasan Polatkan,
former Ministers in the Menderes government,
were hanged.
It was reported that ex-Premier Menderes took
an overdose of sleeping pills after being sentenced
to death. Four doctors tried to save his life.
Sept. 17: Ex-Premier Adnan Menderes was hanged.
Sept. 20: In Brussels, leaders of the Interparliamen-
tary Union voted to appeal to the Turkish govern-
ment for clemency for political leaders sentenced
to prison terms for crimes against the nation's
Constitution. Delegates of the US and Britain
favored the appeal; the Communist representatives
were opposed.
Sept. 24: A twin-engine Turkish airliner, en route
from Nicosia to Istanbul, crashed in the Etimesut
hills killing 28 persons. Only one person survived.
Oct. 6: It was reported that the US Export-Import
Bank has approved a loan of ?T15 million to the
Turk Willys-Overland Fabriklari of Istanbul to
assist the company in financing operations. The
loan is repayable over 5 years starting in 1962.
Oct. 15: Nearly 90 per cent of the total registered
voters in Turkey went to the polls to elect 450
deputies and 150 senators.
Fourteen persons were arrested in Adana as
supporters of 2 rival parties battled with stones,
sticks and knives outside a polling station. Of the
14, 10 were casualties.
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Oct. 16: Early unofficial returns indicated that the
Justice party took a "slim lead." A coalition
government was expected.
Oct. 18: Later returns showed that none of the 4
contesting parties had a majority. Former Presi-
dent Ismet In6nio's People's Republican party retain
a slight lead.
Oct. 19: General Cemal Giirsel said he would seek
the presidency of the Second Republic to form a
coalition government "on the broadest possible
basis."
General Giirsel disclosed that the 14 officers
dismissed from the original 38-man junta were
now free to return to Turkey.
Oct. 21: Official returns were announced indicating
that no one of the 4 rival parties won controlling
majorities in either the Assembly or the Senate.
Oct. 24: Turkey's military chiefs reportedly threat-
ened to bring off a new coup unless the nation's
4 political parties agreed to uphold laws passed
by the military junta.
The 4 political parties agreed to form a coali-
tion government. They also agreed to elect General
Giursel as President.
Oct. 25: The Parliament convened in Ankara. A
total of 450 Deputies and 172 Senators took an
oath "to protect the independence and integrity
of my nation" and "to work for prosperity of my
people."
Oct. 26: Parliament elected General Cemal Giirsel
the President of Turkey. He took oath in Parlia-
ment after receiving a vote of 434.
Nov. 9: The morning newspaper Son Havadis was
closed under the provisions of Turkey's martial
law. No time limit was specified on the suspen-
sion, ordered on the grounds of favoring the
Justice party, it was reported.
Nov. 15: The Justice Party's general administrative
committee voted to join a coalition government
with the Republican People's party.
Nov. 17: The coalition government was reported to
have pledged loyalty to the Western alliance and
a drive for "rapid economic progress within a
regime of freedom."
Nov. 20: A coalition Cabinet was formed. The
members are:
Ismet In6ni (Republican People's party): Premier
Akif tyidogan: Deputy Premier
Turhan Feyzioglu (RPP); Avni Dogan (RPP);
Necmi Oktem; Nihat Su: State Ministers
Sahir Kurutloglu (RPP): Justice
Ilhami Sancar (RPP): Defense
Ahmet TopaloAlu: Interior
Selim Sarper (RPP): Foreign Affairs
Sefik mnan(RPP): Finance
Hilmi Incesulu (RPP): Education
Emin Paksiit (RPP): Public IWorks
A. Ihsan Giirsan: Trade
Dr. Suat Seren: Health
Sevket Pulatoglu: Customs and Monopolies
 CHRONOLOGY
Cavit Oral: Agriculture
Cahit Akyar: Communications
Biilent Ecevit (RPP): Labor
Fethi Celikbas (RPP): Industry
Kamuran Evliyaoglu: Post, Broadcasting and
Tourism
Muhittin Giiven: Construction
Eleven of these Ministers belong to the Justice
party. Together with the RPP they hold a
majority in the National Assembly and in the
Senate. The Republican Peasant National party
and the New Turkey party make up the opposition.
Nov. 27: Prime Minister lsmet Inonu submitted his
government's program to the National Assembly
for approval.
Dec. 2: By a vote of 269 to 4, with 78 abstentions,
Parliament gave Premier In6nii a mandate to carry
out his program for "economic austerity and con-
tinuing close ties with the NATO and the US."
Dec. 9: Raymond A. Hare, US Ambassador to
Turkey, met with Premier In6nii. It was reported
that the Premier requested immediate US economic
aid of $200 million.
Dec. 15: The Ministerial Council of NATO in
Paris issued a communique which said that a
mission of economic experts has been set up to
study means of assisting Greece and Turkey in
their efforts to accelerate their economic develop-
ment and improve the living standards of their
peoples.
UnitedArabRepublic
(See also, General, Afghanistan, Israel, Jordan,
Kuwayt, Lebanon, Palestine Problem, Saudi Arabia,
Sudan, Syria)
1961
Sept. 18: Dr. Mahmiid Fawzi left for New York
to head his country's delegation at the 16th
session of the UN General Assembly.
Sept. 21: The Cairo and Alexandria stock exchanges
re-opened after a 2-month closure.
President Nasir called to Cairo Marshal 'Abd al-
Hakim 'Amir and Col. 'Abd al-Hamid Sarraj in
an effort to resolve differences between the 2 men.
Sept. 23: Under a decree published today, all em-
ployees of companies in which the government
holds 25 per cent interest must make a full declara-
tion of their property, including stocks, shares,
land and jewelry.
Sept. 26: 'Abd al-Hamid Sarraj resigned his post
as Vice President for Internal Affairs, and returned
to Damascus after President Nasir accepted his
resignation.
Sept. 27: The Minister of Communications, Mustafa
Khalil, arrived in Vienna on an official visit.
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83
Sept. 28: Army leaders led a revolt against the
r'gime in Syria.
President Nisir discharged 6 Syrian military
officers,but they defied the orders.
Sept. 30: Dr. Salim Hasan, archaeologist and
historian, died at his home in Cairo. He was 75
years old.
Oct. 1: The UAR broke diplomatic relations with
Turkeyand Jordanupon the announcementof their
recognitionof the Syrian government.
Oct. 5: PresidentNasir formally gave up claim to
Syria as part of the UAR.
Egyptian dock workers decided to boycott
Turkishand Iranianships reachingAlexandriaand
other port approachesto the Suez Canal to protest
these countries'recognitionof Syria.
An agreementwas signed betweenthe UAR and
the British firm Emerson Associated I.T.C. Ltd.,
under which the latter will buy 25,000 bales of
cotton valued at about $2,500,000 sterling.
Oct. 6: Interferenceby Egypt with shipping in the
Suez Canal of nations that have granted recogni-
tion to Syriawas reportedto have ceased.
Oct. 11: Ahmad Fathi Radwan, the new UAR
ambassadorin Tunis, arrived there to renew dip-
lomatic relations brokenin 1958. Ahmad Mastiri,
former Tunisian ambassadorin Moscow, is sched-
uled to leave for Cairo tomorrowto serve as am-
bassadorthere.
Oct. 12: Four Egyptian Ministers were appointed
temporarilyto take over the ministriesvacatedby
SyrianMinisters:ZakariyaMuhyi al-din as Acting
Justice Minister, EducationMinisterYusif as Act-
ing Higher EducationMinister, Kamal RifXt as
Acting Minister for Social Affairs and 'Abd al-
Muhsin 'Abd al-Nur as Acting Ministerfor Hous-
ing and Public Services.
Egyptianauthoritiesconfiscatedfrom the Orient
liner Orsova 70 bags of mail addressedto Israel.
Oct. 17: Three men condemnedto death a year ago
on chargesof having spied for Israelwere executed
at the CentralPrison in Cairo. They were Rashid
Rizq, Fu'ad Muharram and Muhammad Sami
Nafali.
Oct. 18. A new cabinetwas formed. The members
are:
'Abd al-Latif al-Baghdadi: Vice President for
Production and Minister of Treasury and
Planning
'Abd al-Hakim 'Amir: Vice President and War
Minister
ZakariyA Muhyi al-din: Vice President and In-
terior Minister
Husayn Shaf'i: Vice President and Minister of
Wafqs and Social Affairs
Kamal al-din Husayn: Vice President and
Minister of Local Administration, Housing
and Public Services
Mahmiid Fawzi: Foreign Minister
AhmadSharabassi:Public Works
84 THE MIDDLEEAST JOURNAL
'Abd al-Mun'imal-Qaysuini:Economy
KamalRamziStino: Supply
'Aziz Sidqi: Industry
Mustafa Khalil: Communications
'All Sabri: Minister of State for Presidential
Affairs
Kamal al-din MahmuidRifd't: Labor
Sarwat'Uqasha: Culture and National Guidance
'AbbasRadwan: Minister of State
Muisa'Arafa: High Dam
'Abd al-QadirHatim: Minister of State
'Abd al-Muhsin 'Abd al-Niir: Agrarian Reform
and Land Reclamation
Ahmad 'All Faraj: Minister of State for Plan-
ning
SayyidMuhammadYiisif: Education
Salah al-din Hidayat: Scientific Research
'Abd al-'Aziz al-Sayyid: Higher Education
Fathi al-Sharqawi:Justice
MuhammadNajib Vashad: Agriculture
Muhammadal-Nabawi al-Muhandis:Health
Husayn Dhii al-Fiqar Sabri: Deputy Foreign
Minister
MuhammadAli Hafiz: Deputy Education
Minister
'Abd al-Wahhib al-Bishri: Deputy War
Minister
Oct. 20. It was reported that the govermnenthas
begun to confiscate the property of its richest
citizens, and in some cases propertyowners were
arrested.
Oct. 21: Interior Minister Zakariya Muhyi al-din
disclosed that 40 persons had been arrested as
"political suspects"and that the propertiesof 167
others had been seized during the last few days.
Oct. 22: The chairmanof the board of directorsof
the Misr Organization,Hilml al-Sa'id, said that
ginning factories attached to the organization
purchasedcotton from farmers at the controlled
prices. He added that the cotton policy would
remain unchangedin view of the fact that fixing
prices in the local marketswas a matter of "vital
importance"to small cultivators.
Oct. 26: It was reported that contractshave been
concludedbetween the UAR and British Northrop
Ltd., for 4 cotton-spinningmills and a factoryfor
the manufactureof mechanicallooms.
Oct. 27; It was reported in Beirut that President
Nasir has issued orders to seize the propertyof
about 290 persons accused of being "reactionary
enemies"of his regime.
Oct. 31: Al-Ahrim published a list of the names
of 255 rich persons whose assets have been
sequestrated. The total number of sequestrations
to date is 422.
Nov. 2: PresidentNasir issued a decree abolishing
taxes on houses where the average monthly rent
per room does not exceed ?E3. Houses having an
average rent per room between ?E3 to ?E5 are
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exempt from the tax on premisesonly. The decree
takes effect on January1, 1962.
Nov. 3: It was announcedin Cairo that all merchant
vessels of the UAR, induding those owned by
the Khedivial Mail Line, have been transferredto
state ownership.
Nov. 4: PresidentNasir outlined plans for changes
in the government,following a week of Cabinet
sessions. The plans indude elected local councils
and a National Congressto rewrite the Constitu-
tion.
Nov. 6: A 5-manUAR delegationarrivedin Lagos
to examine the prospectsof scientificcooperation
with Nigeria.
Nov. 7: President Nasir abolished the UAR Na-
tional Assembly.
Nov. 9: It was reported that a rocket has been
successfullyfired somewherein Egypt.
Nov. 12: An agreementunder which the US will
ship surplusfood to the UAR was signed.
Nov. 13: The Departmentof Agriculturein Wash-
ington announced an agreement with the UAR
for the sale of $20,740,000 worth of US farm
commodities for LE under the Food for Peace
program.
Nov. 15: President Nasir presided over a cabinet
meeting-the 11th in 3 weeks-to discuss the
composition of the preparatorycommittee which
will establish a National Congressto arrangefor
the National Union elections.
Nov. 18: Presidents Nasir and Tito conferred in
Cairo.
Nov. 19: Prime Minister Nehru joined the two
leaders in a conferencewhich reportedlydiscussed
the role of neutralsin the "cold war."
Nov. 23: UAR authorities arrested M. Mattei, a
counsellorat the Frenchembassyand head of the
Commissionon French Interests in Egypt, his 2
assistants-M. Bellivier, secretaryat the embassy,
and M. Mouton, a member of the staff of the
Service of Private Assets and InterestsAbroad of
the FrenchMinistryof ForeignAffairs-as well as
Mlle. Beau, a secretary, M. Miquel, cultural
attache,Mme. Cameri,a lawyer,M. BartheDejean
and M. FrancoisFerre.
Nov. 25: It was announcedthat the UAR is nego-
tiating for nearly 100 million pounds of US cotton
to make up for losses resulting from this year's
Egyptiancrop failure.
PresidentNasir, addressingthe preparatorycom-
mittee set up to elect a National Congress,pledged
himself to socialism and warned "reactionaries"
that they would be "ruthlesslyisolated," it was
reported.
Nov. 26: The property of 168 more persons was
seized by the government,bringing the total to
805, al-Ahramreported.
Nov. 27: The UAR chargedthe Swiss embassywith
having aided the French mission in Cairo in
smuggling money out of the countrythrough the
 CHRONOLOGY
diplomatic pouch. The Swiss embassy,in a note
to the Foreign Ministry, reportedly denied the
accusation, and the French government accused
the UAR of "having fabricatedchargesof espion-
age and assasinationplots against4 Frenchaides."
Nov. 28: The French Foreign Ministry issued a
communiquewhich said that the action of the
UAR has challengedthe status of diplomatsevery-
where.
The government disclosed the arrest of 4
Egyptiansalleged to be collaboratorsof a French
"spy ring" in Cairo. The arrests, it was said,
resulted from the confessions by the accused
Frenchmen.
Dec. 2: The East GermanMinister of Construction,
ErnestScholtz, arrivedin Cairo on a 5-day official
visit to the UAR.
Dec. 3: PresidentModibo Keita of Mali markedthe
innaugurationof the first direct telegraphic link
between Bamakoand Cairo by sending a message
to PresidentNasir.
Dec. 5: The official indictment against 5 French
diplomats and their 10 foreign and Egyptian
"collaborators"which charged them with having
plotted the overthrowof the Egyptianregime and
the assassinationof PresidentNasir was announced.
Dec. 6: Two Frenchwomen, Mlle. Arlette Paulette
Beau and Mme. Cameri,were releasedand askedto
leave Egypt within 24 hours.
RobertC. Dietrick of Long Island left for Cairo
to direct the setting up of cost accountingsystems
for the mining industryof the UAR on a 6-month
assignment for the UN Program of Technical
Assistance.
Dec. 7: At the UN, the French Foreign Minister,
Maurice Couve de Murville, disclosed a plan
whereby France would ask the UAR to agree to
internationalarbitrationto settle the dispute over
the arrestof the membersof the Frenchmission in
Cairo.
Dec. 9: The British freighter Martaban has been
allowed to resume her journey through the Suez
Canal after her cargo of Israeli canned food was
confiscated,it was announcedin Cairo.
It was announced that the 4 French officials
would be tried on January15.
Dec. 10: The French governmentrecalled its chief
commercialdelegate in Cairo, Guy Chaumet, in
protest againstthe arrestof 4 Frenchofficials.
Dec.4 11: It was announcedin Paris that an order
discontinuing giving 48-hour transit visas to
Egyptians stopping over in Paris had been in
effect since December 8. Egyptianson their way
from Brazil to Cairo were not allowed to leave.
Dec. 12: PresidentNasir was reportedto have begun
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85
a drive against the "enemies of social ethics"-
prostitutesand procurers. Seventy-eightsuch per-
sons have been arrested,the police said.
Dec. 13: The two Frenchwomen reportedabove to
have been released are being detainedin Cairo to
give evidencein the trial on January15.
Dec. 14: The UAR and South Korea agreed to ex-
change consular missions, it was announced in
Seoul.
Yemen
1961
Sept. 30: It was reportedthat the National Petroleum
Companyof Yemen has been formed. At a meet-
ing in Hudaydah, shareholders approved the
statutes of the new company and appointed an
11-manboardof directors. The companywill have
a monopolyof oil marketingoperationsin Yemen.
Oct. 3: Travellers reaching Beirut reported that
the Yemen was back under the sole rule of
Imam Ahmad.
Oct. 15: In a broadcastover Sana' Radio to mark
the 14th anniversaryof his accessionto the throne,
Imam Ahmad called on the nation to support his
son, Amir Muhammadal-Badr,as its future leader.
Nov. 17: Imam Ahmad issued a decree renewing
Yemen's adherenceto an agreementwith the UAR
within the frameworkof the United Arab States
for another 3 years. His order named Ahmad
MuhammadBasha as delegate to the United Arab
States Council.
Nov. 23: A Yugoslav-pilotedDakota with Russian
medical supplies for Yemen arrivedin Aden and
took off later for Yemen.
Nov. 28: Crown Prince Sayf al-Islam Muhammad
Ahmad al-Badr flew into Ta'iz from Hudaydah.
He was received by membersof the royal family,
ministersand tribal chiefs, and the town of Ta'iz
observeda 3-day holidayto markthe "safe return"
of the Crown Prince from abroad. The announce-
ment did not mention the visit or the Crown
Prince's talks with PresidentNasir.
Dec. 6: The entire asphalt surface of the 231-
kilometerhighwayfrom Hudaydahto Sana',which
was constructedwith China's assistance,was com-
pleted with the asphalting of the 5-kilometer
branchroad from the mountainpass of Mazale to
the city of Monahar,it was reported.
Dec. 13: It was reportedin Jerusalemthat travellers
from Yemen to Beirut disclosed the discoveryof
a plot to assassinateImam Ahmad and the Crown
Prince.