4100 AWL/Thomas_ch02p073-146 8/19/04 11:00 AM Page 89

2.2 Calculating Limits Using the Limit Laws 89

EXERCISES 2.2

Limit Calculations Find the limits in Exercises 19–36.

Find the limits in Exercises 1–18. x - 5 x + 3
19. lim 20. lim
1. lim s2x + 5d 2. lim s10 - 3xd x:5 x 2 - 25 x: -3 x 2 + 4x + 3
x: -7 x: 12
x 2 + 3x - 10 x 2 - 7x + 10
3. lim s -x 2 + 5x - 2d 4. lim sx 3 - 2x 2 + 4x + 8d 21. lim 22. lim
x: -5 x + 5 x:2 x - 2
x:2 x: -2
5. lim 8st - 5dst - 7d 6. lim 3ss2s - 1d t2 + t - 2 t 2 + 3t + 2
t:6 s: 2>3 23. lim 24. lim
t: 1 t2 - 1 t: -1 t2 - t - 2
x + 3 4
7. lim 8. lim -2x - 4 5y 3 + 8y 2
x:2 x + 6 x: 5 x - 7 25. lim 26. lim
x: -2 x 3 + 2x 2 y:0 3y 4 - 16y 2
y2 y + 2
9. lim 10. lim u4 - 1 y3 - 8
y: -5 5 - y y: 2 y 2 + 5y + 6 27. lim 28. lim
u:1 u3 - 1 y: 2 y4 - 16
11. lim 3s2x - 1d2 12. lim sx + 3d1984
x: -1 x: -4 2x - 3 4x - x 2
29. lim 30. lim
13. lim s5 - yd 4>3
14. lim s2z - 8d 1>3 x:9 x - 9 x:4 2 - 2x
y: -3 z: 0
3 5 x - 1 2x 2 + 8 - 3
15. lim 16. lim 31. lim 32. lim
x:1 2x + 3 - 2 x: -1 x + 1
h: 0 23h + 1 + 1 h :0 25h + 4 + 2
23h + 1 - 1 25h + 4 - 2 2x + 12 - 4
2
x + 2
17. lim 18. lim 33. lim 34. lim
h: 0 h h :0 h x:2 x - 2 x: -2 2x + 5 - 3
2

Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley

4100 AWL/Thomas_ch02p073-146 8/19/04 11:00 AM Page 90

90 Chapter 2: Limits and Continuity

2 - 2x 2 - 5 4 - x 42. Suppose that limx:-2 psxd = 4, limx:-2 r sxd = 0 , and

35. lim 36. lim limx:-2 ssxd = -3 . Find
x: -3 x + 3 x: 4 5 - 2x + 92
a. lim spsxd + r sxd + ssxdd
x: -2
b. lim psxd # r sxd # ssxd
Using Limit Rules x: -2
c. lim s -4psxd + 5r sxdd>ssxd
37. Suppose limx:0 ƒsxd = 1 and limx:0 g sxd = -5 . Name the x: -2
rules in Theorem 1 that are used to accomplish steps (a), (b), and
(c) of the following calculation. Limits of Average Rates of Change
lim s2ƒsxd - g sxdd Because of their connection with secant lines, tangents, and instanta-
2ƒsxd - g sxd x: 0
lim = (a) neous rates, limits of the form
x: 0 sƒsxd + 7d2>3 lim sƒsxd + 7d2>3
x: 0 ƒsx + hd - ƒsxd
lim 2ƒsxd - lim g sxd lim
h:0 h
x: 0 x:0

A lim A ƒsxd + 7 B B 2>3

= (b)
occur frequently in calculus. In Exercises 43–48, evaluate this limit
x: 0 for the given value of x and function ƒ.
2 lim ƒsxd - lim g sxd
x: 0 x:0 43. ƒsxd = x 2, x = 1 44. ƒsxd = x 2, x = -2
A lim ƒ(x) + lim 7 B
= (c)
2>3
45. ƒsxd = 3x - 4, x = 2 46. ƒsxd = 1>x, x = -2
x: 0 x:0
47. ƒsxd = 2x, x = 7 48. ƒsxd = 23x + 1, x = 0
s2ds1d - s -5d 7
= =
s1 + 7d2>3 4
Using the Sandwich Theorem
38. Let limx:1 hsxd = 5, limx:1 psxd = 1 , and limx:1 r sxd = 2 .
49. If 25 - 2x 2 … ƒsxd … 25 - x 2 for -1 … x … 1 , find
Name the rules in Theorem 1 that are used to accomplish steps
limx:0 ƒsxd .
(a), (b), and (c) of the following calculation.
50. If 2 - x 2 … g sxd … 2 cos x for all x, find limx:0 g sxd .
lim 25hsxd
25hsxd x: 1 51. a. It can be shown that the inequalities
lim = (a)
x:1 psxds4 - rsxdd lim spsxds4 - rsxddd x2 x sin x
x: 1
1 - 6 6 1
6 2 - 2 cos x
2 lim 5hsxd
x: 1

A lim p(x) B A lim A 4 - r(x) B B

= (b) hold for all values of x close to zero. What, if anything, does
x: 1 x: 1
this tell you about
25 lim hsxd lim
x sin x
?
x: 1 2 - 2 cos x
A lim p(x) B A lim 4 - lim r (x) B
= (c) x:0

x: 1 x: 1 x:1 Give reasons for your answer.

2s5ds5d 5 T b. Graph
y = 1 - sx 2>6d, y = sx sin xd>s2 - 2 cos xd, and y = 1
= =
s1ds4 - 2d 2
together for -2 … x … 2 . Comment on the behavior of the
39. Suppose limx:c ƒsxd = 5 and limx:c g sxd = -2 . Find
graphs as x : 0 .
a. lim ƒsxdg sxd b. lim 2ƒsxdg sxd
x:c x: c 52. a. Suppose that the inequalities
ƒsxd
c. lim sƒsxd + 3g sxdd d. lim 1 x2 1 - cos x 1
x:c x: c ƒsxd - g sxd - 6 6
2 24 x2 2
40. Suppose limx:4 ƒsxd = 0 and limx:4 g sxd = -3 . Find
hold for values of x close to zero. (They do, as you will see in
a. lim sg sxd + 3d b. lim xƒsxd Section 11.9.) What, if anything, does this tell you about
x:4 x: 4
g sxd 1 - cos x
c. lim sg sxdd2 d. lim lim ?
x:4 x: 4 ƒsxd - 1 x:0 x2
41. Suppose limx:b ƒsxd = 7 and limx:b g sxd = -3 . Find Give reasons for your answer.
a. lim sƒsxd + g sxdd b. lim ƒsxd # g sxd b. Graph the equations y = s1>2d - sx 2>24d,
x:b x: b
y = s1 - cos xd>x 2 , and y = 1>2 together for -2 … x … 2 .
c. lim 4g sxd d. lim ƒsxd>g sxd
x:b x: b Comment on the behavior of the graphs as x : 0 .

Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley

4100 AWL/Thomas_ch02p073-146 8/19/04 11:00 AM Page 91

2.2 Calculating Limits Using the Limit Laws 91

Theory and Examples a. lim ƒsxd b. lim

ƒsxd
4 2 2 4 x: -2 x: -2 x
53. If x … ƒsxd … x for x in [-1, 1] and x … ƒsxd … x for
x 6 -1 and x 7 1 , at what points c do you automatically know ƒsxd - 5
57. a. If lim = 3 , find lim ƒsxd .
limx:c ƒsxd ? What can you say about the value of the limit at x:2 x - 2 x:2
these points? ƒsxd - 5
b. If lim = 4 , find lim ƒsxd .
54. Suppose that g sxd … ƒsxd … hsxd for all x Z 2 and suppose that x:2 x - 2 x:2
ƒsxd
lim g sxd = lim hsxd = -5 . 58. If lim 2 = 1 , find
x: 2 x: 2 x:0 x
ƒsxd
Can we conclude anything about the values of ƒ, g, and h at a. lim ƒsxd b. lim x
x = 2 ? Could ƒs2d = 0 ? Could limx:2 ƒsxd = 0 ? Give reasons x:0 x:0

for your answers. T 59. a. Graph g sxd = x sin s1>xd to estimate limx:0 g sxd , zooming
ƒsxd - 5 in on the origin as necessary.
55. If lim = 1 , find lim ƒsxd .
x:4 x - 2 x: 4 b. Confirm your estimate in part (a) with a proof.
2 3
ƒsxd T 60. a. Graph hsxd = x cos s1>x d to estimate limx:0 hsxd , zooming
56. If lim = 1 , find in on the origin as necessary.
x: -2 x2
b. Confirm your estimate in part (a) with a proof.

Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley