Problem set no 5:

Conversion of angular Units

1 degree = 60 minutes
1 minute = 60 seconds
1 degree = 3600 seconds
1 revolution = 2rad = 360° = 400grads = 6400mils
Problem no. 1
Convert the following angles into their equivalents in decimal degrees:
a. 5 ° 35 ' 44 = 5 ° + {35} over {60} + {44} over {3600} = 5.59556
b. 24 ° 18 ' 30= 24 ° + {18} over {60} + {30} over {3600} = 24.30833
Problem no. 2
Convert the following angles into their equivalent values in grads, mils and radians
a. 29 ° 53 ' 54
29 ° 53 ' 54 x {2 πrad} over {360 °} = 0.522 radia
29 ° 53 ' 54 x {400 grad} over {360 °} = 33.22 grad
29 ° 53 ' 54 x {6400 grad} over {360 °} = 49.831 mil
b. 110 ° 03 ' 46
110 ° 03 ' 46 x {2 πrad} over {360 °} = 1.921 radia
110 ° 03 ' 46 x {400 grad} over {360 °} = 122.292 grad
110 ° 03 ' 46 x {6400 grad} over {360 °} = 1956.672 mil
Problem no 3
Convert the following angles into their equivalent values in degrees, mils and radians
a. 234.336419grads
2 πrad
234.336419 grads x =3.681 radians
400 grads

360 °
234.336419 grads x =210.903 °
400 grads
6400 mils
234.336419 grads x =3749.383 mils
400 grads
b. 33.2206grads
2 πrad
33.2206 grads x =0.522radians
400 grads

360 °
33.2206 grads x =33.2206°
400 grads
6400 mils
33.2206 grads x =531.53mils
400 grads
Problem no 4:
Convert the following angles into their equivalents in grads, degrees and radians
a. 420mils
400 grads
420 mils x =26.25 grads
6400 mils
360 °
420 mils x =23.625 °
6400 mils
 2 πrad
420 mils x =0.412 radians
6400 mils
b. 1885.50mils
400 grads
1885.50 mils x =117.844 grads
6400 mils
360°
1885.50 mils x =106.06 °
6400 mils
2 πrad
1885.50 mils x =1.85 radians
6400 mils
ANGLES FROM BEARINGS
Problem no 8:
Determine the angles APB, CPD, EPF, GPH, IPJ and KPL from the magnetic bearings:
a. PA, N32025’E
PB, N73040’E
c. PE, S78010’E
PF, S18035’E
Solution:

Angle APB = 
θ=73° 40 ' −32° 25' =41° 15'

Angle EPF = β
β=78 ° 10' −18 ° 35' =59 ° 35'

DETERMINING BEARINGS AND AZIMUTHS

PROBLEM NO. 9
In the accompanying sketch the bearing of line AB IS N52 033’E. Determine the bearing and the azimuth from south of
lines BC, BD, BE and BF.
GIVEN:

SOLUTION:
Step 1 : Determine the bearing of each line
Note : reference meridian is magnetic north
 Line MAGNETIC
BEARING
BA SW Values of , , 𝛽, , 
BC NE  = 52033’
BD N𝛽E
 +  + 39030’ = 1800
BE NE
 = 87057’
BF SE
1800+ 𝛽 = 110025’ + 39030’ + 
𝛽 = 22028’
 = 64030’ + 𝛽
 = 86028’
𝛽 + 64030’+380 +  = 1800
 = 55002’
Step 2: convert bearing to azimuth from south

Line BEARING MAGNETIC

AZIMUTH from
South
BA SW  = 52 33’
0

BC NE 180- = 92003’

BD N𝛽E 180+𝛽 = 202028’
BE NE 180+ = 266028’
BF SE 360- = 304058’

DETERMINING AZIMUTHS
PROBLEM NO. 12
In the accompanying figure, determine the azimuth from north of line BC, CD, DE and EF if the azimuth from south
AB IS 235022’
GIVEN:
Solution:
Step 1: compute the bearing of each line

Line BEARING
BC NE
CD NE
DE S𝛽E
EF NE
34038’ +  = 81030’
 = 46052’
 + 168015’ = 1800 + 
 = 58037’
 + 𝛽 = 113005’
𝛽 = 54028’
𝛽 +  =109045’
 = 55017’

Step 2 : convert bearing to azimuth from north

Line BEARING AZIMUTH
FROM
NORTH
BC NE  = 46052’
CD NE  = 58037’
DE S𝛽E 180-𝛽 =
125032’
EF NE 55017’

CONVERTING BEARINGS TO AZIMUTHS

PROBLEM NO. 14
Convert the following bearings to azimuths (reckoned from south)
Given
BEARING
N17043’E
Due West
S25031’E
Answer:

BEARING AZIMUTH
FROM
SOUTH
N17043’E 197043’
Due West 900
S25031’E 25031’

CONVERTING AZIMUTHS TO BEARINGS

PROBLEM NO. 15
The following lines have their azimuths reckoned from north
Determine their bearings
Given:

AZIMUTH
FROM
NORTH
AB, 52021’
BC, 1800
CD, 337015’
DE, 219056’

Answer:
 AZIMUTH BEARING
FROM
NORTH
AB, 52021’ N52021’E
BC, 1800 Due South
CD, 337015’ N22045’W
DE, 219056’ S39056’W

MAGNETIC DECLINATION

PROBLEM NO 16:
At a given place the magnetic bearing of six lines radiating from a given point are:
AB, N43024’E
AC, N78053’W
AD, S64042’ E
AE, S88052’W
Determine the true bearing of each line if the magnetic declination at the time of observation was 3 025’ west.

SOLUTION:
 = 3025’

LINE MAGNETIC TRUE BEARING

BEARING
AB N43024’E N(43024’ -  = 39059’)E
AC N78053’W N(78053’ +  = 82018’)W
AD S64042’ E S(64042’ +  = 68007’)E
AE S88052’W S(88052 ’-  = 85027’)W

PROBLEM NO 17:
The following magnetic azimuths of an open compass traverse are reckoned from north. Determine the
corresponding true bearings if the magnetic declination within the locality is 4 030’ east.

LINE Magnetic azimuth from north

AB 182007’
BC 277043’
AD 320000’
DE 314024’
EF 00026’
FG 325015’

SOLUTION:
Convert magnetic azimuth from north to magnetic bearing

LINE Magnetic azimuth from north Magnetic bearing

AB 182007’ S2007’W
BC 277043’ N82017’W
CD 320000’ N40000’W
DE 314024’ N45036’W
EF 00026’ N00026’E
FG 325015’ N 34025’W

Convert magnetic bearing to true bearing

LINE MAGNETIC BEARING TRUE BEARING

OB N𝛽E N (𝛽 + )E
OC NW N ( -  )W
OD SE S(-)E
OE SW S (  +  )W

NOTE:
 - EAST DECLINATION
Reference axis of magnetic bearing – magnetic meridian( MN and MS)
Reference axis of true bearing – true meridian (TN or TS)

LINE Magnetic azimuth from north Magnetic bearing True bearing

 AB 182007’ S2007’W S(2007’+4030’= 6037’) W
BC 277043’ N82017’W N(82017’ - 4030’= 77047’)W
CD 320000’ N40000’W N(40000’ - 4030’= 35030’)W
DE 314024’ N45036’W N(45036’ - 4030’= 41006’)W
EF 00026’ N00026’E N(00026’ + 4030’= 4056’)E
FG 325015’ N 34025’W N( 34025’ - 4030’= 29055’)’W
 = 4030’

PROBLEM NO 19:
IN 1960 a line had a magnetic bearing of N80 023’E. At that time the magnetic declination was 3025’ west. In a new
survey performed in 1987, the declination in the same locality changed to 2 050’E. Determine the magnetic bearing
and the true bearing of the line based on the new survey.
Solution:

In 1960 In 1987
True bearing True bearing - N76058’E
N(80023’ – 3025’ = 76058’)E new Magnetic meredian
N76058’E N(76058’ – 𝛽’ = 74008’)E
N74008’E - new magnetic meridian
OPEN COMPASS TRAVERSE
PROBLEM NO 22:
The following are the observed data for an open compass traverse. Adjust the observed directions and tabulate
values accordingly.

LINE Length Observed bearings

forward back
AB 452.50m S40025’W N40030’E
BC 405.62 N55040’W S55050’E
CD 495.05 N36015’W S35055’E
DE 284.15 N73010’W S73030’E
EF 367.29 S44045’W N44045’E
FG 217.73 N 20030’E S 21000’W
SOLUTION:

Step 1 : identify the best line

Best line – LINE EF

STEP 2: Compute the interior or exterior angles of each station

Step 3 : adjust each station

LINE Length Adjusted bearings Adjusted bearings
forward back forward back
AB 452.50m SW NE 0
S 40 40’ W N 40040’ E
BC 405.62 NW SE 0
N 55 15’ W S 55015’ E
CD 495.05 N𝛽W S𝛽E N36015’W S 36015’ E
DE 284.15 NW SE 0
N 73 30’ W S 73030’ E
EF 367.29 S44045’W N44045’E S44045’W N44045’E
FG 217.73 N E S W N 20030’E S 20030’ W
118015’=  + 44045’
 = 73030’
114045’ = 44045’ +  = 1800
 = 20030’
1800 + 𝛽 = 142045’ +
𝛽 = 36015’
92005’ = 𝛽 +
 = 55015’
 +164050’= 1800+ 
 = 40040’

CLOSED COMPASS TRAVERSE

PROBLEM NO 24:
Given in the accompanying sketch are the observed forward and back bearings of a closed compass traverse.
Adjust the observed directions and tabulate the values
accordingly.
SOLUTION:
Step 1 : identify the best line

Best line – LINE AB

STEP 2: Compute the interior angle of each station

STEP3: Error

Summation of observed interior angles = 82045’+87015’+2150+116055’+64035’+153010’

Summation of observed interior angles = 719 040’

Known summation of interior angles (n-2)*180 = 7200
Error = 7200 - 719040’ = 0020’
Correction per station
Correction = 0020’/6 = 003’20”
Step 4: Adjust the interior angles

Step 5 : adjust the forward and back bearing

LINE Adjusted bearings
forward back
AB N 14045’ E S 14045’W
BC S 87018’ 20”E N 87018’ 20”W
CD N 72023’ 20”E S 72023’ 20”W
0
DE S 44 35’ E N 44035’ W
EF S 70046’ 40”E N 70046’ 40”W
0
FA N 82 26’ 40”W S 82026’ 40”E