P22 Technical Guide Issue 8 PDF

Technical Guide
High Performance
PVC-U Windows and Doors Systems
Curtain Wall System

ISSUE 8
1
Contents
1. Product
Window Styles Curtain Wall

Casement Window 4 Curtain Wall System 58
- FC60 (60mm Fully Chamfered) 5-11 - SK200 59-60
- FI70 (70mm Fully Integrated) 12-18
- FB70 (70mm Fully Bevelled) 19-20 New Build
Window Former & Cavity Closer 61
- FS70 (70mm Fully Sculptured) 21-22
- Camfast 62-67
Tilt-Turn WIndow 23
- Cavimaster 68-71
- FC60 (60mm Fully Chamfered) 24
- FI70 (70mm Fully Integrated) 25
- FB70 (70mm Fully Bevelled) 26
- FS70 (70mm Fully Sculptured) 27 2. Product Characteristics
Horizontal Pivot Window 28
- FC60 (60mm Fully Chamfered) 29
Performance
- FI70 (70mm Fully Integrated) 30
Weather Performance 73
- FB70 (70mm Fully Bevelled) 31
Test Procedures 74
- FS70 (70mm Fully Sculptured) 32
Wind Loads 75
Fully Reversible Window 33
Wind Pressure, Speed, Load Tables 76
- FR70 (70mm Fully Reversible) 34
Determining Structural Suitability 77-78
Miscellaneous Applications 35
Bay Window Plans 79
- Concrete Cill Infill 36
Conservatory Roof Plans 79
- Box Sash Adaptor 36
Load Bearing Capacities 80
Door Styles Outer Frame Reinforcement and Ixx 81
Residential Door 37 Mullion/Transom Reinforcement and Ixx 81
- FC60 (60mm Fully Chamfered) 38-41 Baypoles & Reinforcement Options 82
- FI70 (70mm Fully Integrated) 42-45 Coupling Options 82
- FB70 (70mm Fully Bevelled) 46-47 PVC-U & Fire 83
- FS70 (70mm Fully Sculptured) 48-49 Summary of PVC Combustion Properties 84
Doors With Side Screens 50-51 Condensation Cause & Effect 85
Composite Door 52 Condensation Combatting 86
- CD60 (60mm Suite) 53 Condensation 87
- CD70 (70mm Suite) 54 Guide to Sound Reduction Windows 88
In-line Sliding Patio Door 55 Window Energy Ratings 89
- PD86 (86mm Patio Door) 56-57 Approved Tables 90-92
2
All dimensions are nominal. DO NOT SCALE All information in this publication is provided for guidance only and is given in good faith. As it is company policy to continually improve products, methods and
TD-01-0034-1-0\03-08 materials, changes of specification may be made from time to time without prior notice. This statement does not affect your statutory rights. ©PROFILE22
Contents
2. Product Characteristics
Building Regulations Product Care

Document B - Safety & Means of Escape 94 General Maintenance - Open Out Window 121
Document E - Sound Performance 95 General Maintenance - Tilt-Turn Window 122
Document F - Ventilation 96-97 General Maintenance - Top Swing Window 123
Document K - Protection from Collision 98 General Maintenance - Residential Door 124
Document K - Protection against Impact 99
Document L - Thermal Performance 100
Document M - Wheel Chair Access 101
Document N - Safe Opening & Closing 102 3. Reference
Document N - Safe Access for Cleaning 103
Document N -Use of Safety Glass 104
Product Charts
Glass FC60 - 60mm Product Chart 126
Maximum Glass Sizes 106 FI70 - 70mm Product Chart 127
Safety Glass 107 FB70 - 70mm Product Chart 128
Safe Breakage 107 FS70 - 70mm Product Chart 129
Impact Performance 108 Ancillary Chart 130
Breakage Characteristics 108 FR70 - 70mm Product Chart 131
Manifestation of Glazing 109 CD60 & CD70 Composite Door Chart 132
Glass Packing 110 PD86 In-line Patio Door Chart 133
SK200 - Curtain Wall Chart 134
Maximum Size Limits 2
Winfit - Cavity Closer Chart 135
Window Sash Sizes 112
Outer Frame Sizes 113
2
WINFIT Sub Frame Sizes 113 General Information
Frame Weight Calculator 137-138
Door Leaf Sizes 114
Frame Weight Calculator - Glass 139
Slim French Door Leaf Sizes 114
Frame Weight Calculator - Fully Reversible 140
Patio Door Sizes 115
Frame Weight Calculator - Patio Door 141
Multi-lights & Reinforcement 116
Glossary of Standards 142-143
60mm Multi-light Open-out & TBT 117
Building Details 144-151
70mm Multi-light Open-out & TBT 118
Sashes - Open-out Windows 119
Sashes - Tilt-Turn Windows 119
3
1 Product
Window
High Styles
Performance
Curtain Wall System
Casement Window
4
Fully Chamfered 60mm Open-out Window
Internal Glazing
CATEGORY DESCRIPTION STYLE
PRODUCT ASSEMBLIES CASEMENT WINDOW
Fully Chamfered 60mm
88010 OUTER FRAME
1
Open Out Window * 7883 REINFORCEMENT
Slim Outer Frame/Std Transom
97
Fully Chamfered
22650 VENT
1
24mm Double Glazing * 2241 REINFORCEMENT
Internally Glazed 3321-3325 GLAZING PACKER

Bevelled Bead
Bubblex Gasket 2338 GLAZING BEAD
1976 GLAZING BRIDGE
HANDLE
MUSHROOM ESPAG./SHOOTBOLT
LOCKING OR NON-LOCKING OPTION
110
7471/77 ESPAG.
7337 KEEP
*1 7882 REINFORCEMENT
22040 TRANSOM/MULLION
X
Viewed from Outside 3321-3325 GLAZING PACKER
Point to hinge
*1Note: All reinforcements shown are for

diagramatical purposes only. For applications, 88010 OUTER FRAME
please refer to the PROFILE 22 Product
Catalogue.
1976 GLAZING BRIDGE
52
2217 CILL
*12258 REINFORCEMENT
30
5
Internal Glazing
22810 OUTER FRAME
Open Out Window 1

* 2577 RCM REINFORCEMENT
Std Outer Frame/Std Transom
104
Fully Chamfered
22920 VENT
24mm Double Glazing 1
Internally Glazed 3321-3325 GLAZING PACKER

Scotia Bead
Bubblex Gasket
2348 GLAZING BEAD
1976 GLAZING BRIDGE

HANDLE
110
7471/77 ESPAG.
7337 KEEP
1
* 7882 REINFORCEMENT
X
Point to hinge

diagramatical purposes only. For applications,
please refer to the PROFILE 22 Product 22810 OUTER FRAME
Catalogue.
1976 GLAZING BRIDGE
59
2217 CILL
1
30
6
Internal Glazing

22990 OUTER FRAME
1
Open Out Window
Large Outer Frame/Std Transom
112
Fully Chamfered 22920 VENT
*12565 RCM REINFORCEMENT

24mm Double Glazing
3321-3325 GLAZING PACKER
Internally Glazed
Ovolo Bead
Bubblex Seals 2358 GLAZING BEAD
X
1976 GLAZING BRIDGE
HANDLE
110
7471/77 ESPAG.
7337 KEEP
1
X 3321-3325 GLAZING PACKER

Viewed from Outside
Point to hinge
*1Note: All reinforcements shown are for 22990 OUTER FRAME

Catalogue. 1976 GLAZING BRIDGE
67
2217 CILL
30
7
Internal Glazing
Fully Chamfered 60mm 22990 OUTER FRAME
1
Open Out Window
112
Large Outer Frame /
Large Transom
22650 VENT
Fully Chamfered 1
24mm Double Glazing 3321-3325 GLAZING PACKER
Internally Glazed
Bevelled Bead
2338 GLAZING BEAD
Bubblex Seals
X
1976 GLAZING BRIDGE
HANDLE
7471/77 ESPAG.
130
7337 KEEP
1
X
Viewed from Outside
Point to hinge

Catalogue.
1976 GLAZING BRIDGE
67
2217 CILL
30
8
External Glazing

88010 OUTER FRAME
Open Out Window
Slim Outer Frame /
Std Transom
97
Fully Chamfered 22830 VENT
1
24mm Double Glazing
Externally Glazed
Ovolo Bead
Bubblex Seals
HANDLE
2357 EXTERNAL GLAZING BEAD
1976 GLAZING BRIDGE
110
7471/77 ESPAG.
7337 KEEP
X 2357 EXTERNAL GLAZING BEAD
Viewed from Outside
Point to hinge

please refer to the PROFILE 22 Product 3321-3325 GLAZING PACKER
Catalogue.
52
2217 CILL
30
9
External Glazing

22810 OUTER FRAME
1
Open Out Window * 2577 RCM REINFORCEMENT
Std Outer Frame/
Std Transom
104
Fully Chamfered
22860 VENT
24mm Double Glazing *12565 RCM REINFORCEMENT
Externally Glazed
Ovolo Bead
Bubblex Seals 3321-3325 GLAZING PACKER
HANDLE
X LOCKING
2357 SECURITY GLAZING BEAD
1976 GLAZING BRIDGE
110
7471/77 ESPAG.
7337 KEEP
X 2357 SECURITY GLAZING BEAD

Viewed from Outside
Point to hinge 3321-3325 GLAZING PACKER
*1Note: All reinforcements shown are for 1976 GLAZING BRIDGE

Catalogue.
59
2217 CILL
1
30
10
External Glazing

22990 OUTER FRAME
Open Out Window *12491 REINFORCEMENT

Slim Outer Frame/Std Transom
112
Fully Chamfered
22830 VENT
Externally Glazed
Bevelled Bead
Security Clips
Enhanced Security
Bubblex Seals
HANDLE
X
2338 GLAZING BEAD
24mm SECURI-CLIP
110
7471/77 ESPAG.
7337 KEEP
7882 REINFORCEMENT
X 2338 GLAZING BEAD
Viewed from Outside
Point to hinge

diagramatical purposes only. For
applications, please refer to the PROFILE
22 Product Catalogue.
*2Note: Detail shows 1822E gasket - on occasions

where there are variances due to tolerance
build up, alternative gaskets are supplied, i.e.
1808E If glass too tight, 1971 if glass too
loose.
67
2217 CILL
30
11
Fully Integrated 70mm Open-out Window
Internal Glazing
Fully Integrated 70mm
77010 OUTER FRAME
1
} Fully Integrated
97
22650 VENT
1
24mm Double Glazing * 2565 RCM REINFORCEMENT

Internally Glazed
Scotia Bead
1976 GLAZING BRIDGE
HANDLE
110
7471/77 ESPAG.
7337 KEEP
X
Point to hinge

diagramatical purposes only. For applications, 77010 OUTER FRAME
Catalogue. 7876 GLAZING BRIDGE
52
7717 CILL
1
30
12
Internal Glazing

77810 OUTER FRAME
1
Open Out Window
104
} Fully Integrated 22920 VENT
1
28mm Double Glazing
1976 GLAZING BRIDGE
Internally Glazed
White Gasket
Bubblex Seals 2385W GLAZING BEAD
HANDLE MUSHROOM
ESPAG./SHOOTBOLT LOCKING
7471/77 ESPAG.
110
7337 KEEP
1
X
Viewed from Outside
Point to hinge

please refer to the PROFILE 22 Product 3331-3335 GLAZING PACKER
Catalogue.
7876 GLAZING BRIDGE

59
7717 CILL
30
13
Internal Glazing

77070 OUTER FRAME
Open Out Window 1

Large Outer Frame/Std Transom
} Fully Integrated
112
22920 VENT


Internally Glazed
Scotia Bead
2375 GLAZING BEAD

Bubblex Seals
1976 GLAZING BRIDGE

HANDLE
110
7471/77 ESPAG.
7337 KEEP
X
Viewed from Outside
Point to hinge

Catalogue.
7876 GLAZING BRIDGE
67
7717 CILL
30
14
Internal Glazing

77070 OUTER FRAME
Open Out Window
Large Outer Frame /
112
Large Transom
}
22650 VENT
Fully Integrated
1
24mm Double Glazing

Internally Glazed
Bevelled Bead
2338 GLAZING BEAD
Bubblex Seals
X
1976 GLAZING BRIDGE
HANDLE
7471/77 ESPAG.
130
7337 KEEP
1
X
Viewed from Outside
Point to hinge

Catalogue. 77070 OUTER FRAME
7876 GLAZING BRIDGE

67
7717 CILL
30
15
External Glazing

77010 OUTER FRAME
1
Open Out Window
Slim Outer Frame /
Std Transom
97
22830 VENT
Fully Integrated 1
24mm Double Glazing 2357 EXTERNAL GLAZING BEAD
Externally Glazed 3321-3325 GLAZING PACKER

Ovolo Bead
Bubblex Seals
HANDLE
LOCKING
1976 GLAZING BRIDGE
110
7471/77 ESPAG.
7337 KEEP
1
X
Viewed from Outside
Point to hinge 3321-3325 GLAZING PACKER

Catalogue.
7876 GLAZING BRIDGE

52
7717 CILL
30
16
External Glazing

77810 OUTER FRAME
Open Out Window 1

Std Outer Frame /
Std Transom
104
Fully Integrated 22860 VENT
24mm Double Glazing *12565 RCM REINFORCEMENT
Externally Glazed
Ovolo Bead
Bubblex Seals
HANDLE
X LOCKING
2357 EXTERNAL GLAZING BEAD
1976 GLAZING BRIDGE
110
7471/77 ESPAG.
7337 KEEP
X 2357 EXTERNAL GLAZING BEAD

Point to hinge

diagramatical purposes only. For applications, 7876 GLAZING BRIDGE
Catalogue.
59
7717 CILL
1
30
17
External Glazing

77010 OUTER FRAME
1
Slim Outer Frame /
Std Transom
97
Fully Integrated 22830 VENT
1
Externally Glazed
Bevelled Bead
P2924 24mm SECURI-CLIP
Security Clips
Enhanced Security
Bubblex Gasket
HANDLE
X
2338 GLAZING BEAD
P2924 24mm SECURI-CLIP
110
7471/77 ESPAG.
7337 KEEP
7882 REINFORCEMENT
X 2338 GLAZING BEAD
Viewed from Outside
Point to hinge

Catalogue.
52
7717 CILL
30
18
Fully Bevelled 70mm Open-out Window
Internal Glazing
Fully Bevelled 70mm

77810 OUTER FRAME
1
Open Out Window
Std Outer Frame /
Std Transom
104
77650 VENT
Fully Bevelled
28mm Double Glazing 7876 GLAZING BRIDGE
Internally Glazed
Bevelled Feature Bead 3331-3335 GLAZING PACKER
2369 GLAZING BEAD

Bubblex Seals
X
77650 VENT
HANDLE MUSHROOM
ESPAG./SHOOTBOLT LOCKING
7471/77 ESPAG.
110
7337 KEEP
1
X
Viewed from Outside
Point to hinge

diagramatical purposes only. For applications, 3331-3335 GLAZING PACKER
Catalogue.
7876 GLAZING BRIDGE

59
7717 CILL
30
19
Fully Bevelled 70mm Open-out Window
Internal Glazing
Fully Bevelled 70mm

77070 OUTER FRAME
Open Out Window *12243 REINFORCEMENT

Large Outer Frame /
Large Transom 77650 VENT
112
Fully Bevelled
28mm Double Glazing
Internally Glazed
Bevelled Feature Bead
2369 GLAZING BEAD
Bubblex Seals
X
7876 GLAZING BRIDGE
HANDLE
7471/77 ESPAG.
130
7337 KEEP
1
X
Viewed from Outside
Point to hinge

Catalogue.
77070 OUTER FRAME
7876 GLAZING BRIDGE

67
7717 CILL
30
20
Fully Sculptured 70mm Open-out Window
Internal Glazing
Fully Sculptured 70mm

70010 OUTER FRAME
1
Open Out Window

104
70050 VENT
Fully Sculptured
28mm Double Glazing 7876 GLAZING BRIDGE
Internally Glazed
Sculptured Feature Bead 3331-3335 GLAZING PACKER
X
HANDLE
7471/77 ESPAG.
110
7337 KEEP
1
X
Viewed from Outside
Point to hinge

diagramatical purposes only. For applications, 3331-3335 GLAZING PACKER
Catalogue.
7876 GLAZING BRIDGE

59
7717 CILL
30
21
Fully Sculptured 70mm Open-out Window
Internal Glazing

70070 OUTER FRAME
1
Open Out Window * 2499 RCM REINFORCEMENT
Large Outer Frame / 70050 VENT
Large Transom
112
Fully Sculptured
1
28mm Double Glazing
Internally Glazed
Sculptured Feature Bead
2389 GLAZING BEAD
Bubblex Seals
X
7876 GLAZING BRIDGE
HANDLE
7471/77 ESPAG.
130
7337 KEEP
1
X
Viewed from Outside
Point to hinge

Catalogue. 70070 OUTER FRAME
7876 GLAZING BRIDGE

67
7717 CILL
30
22
1 Product
Window
High Styles
Performance
Curtain Wall System
Tilt-Turn Window
23
Fully Chamfered 60mm Open-In Tilt-Turn Window
Internal Glazing
PRODUCT ASSEMBLIES TILT-TURN WINDOW

22990 OUTER FRAME
1
Tilt - Turn Open In Window
115.5
Fully Chamfered
24mm Double Glazing

Internally Glazed 22760 CASEMENT
Bubblex Seals
1976 GLAZING BRIDGE

X
2338 GLAZING BEAD
Viewed from Outside

Point to hinge
1976 GLAZING BRIDGE
2224 WEATHERBAR
1
* Note: All reinforcements shown are for 1
115.5

Catalogue.
22990 OUTER FRAME

41.5
1
* 2217 CILL
30
24
Fully Integrated 70mm Open-in Tilt-Turn Window
Internal Glazing
Fully Integrated 70mm 77070 OUTER FRAME
115.5
} Fully Integrated
28mm Double Glazing *12476 REINFORCEMENT
22760 CASEMENT
Internally Glazed
Ovolo Bead
Bubblex Seals
2385 GLAZING BEAD

X
Viewed from Outside
Point to hinge 1976 GLAZING BRIDGE
2224 WEATHERBAR

115.5

Catalogue.
41.5
7717 CILL
30
25
Fully Bevelled 70mm Open-In Tilt-Turn Window
Internal Glazing
Fully Bevelled 70mm

77070 OUTER FRAME
Tilt - Turn Open In Window *12499 RCM REINFORCEMENT
121.5
Fully Bevelled
77760 CASEMENT
28mm Double Glazing
2576 REINFORCEMENT
Internally Glazed 7876 GLAZING BRIDGE

Bubblex Seals 3331-3335 GLAZING PACKER
2369 GLAZING BEAD
X
Viewed from Outside
Point to hinge
2224 WEATHER BAR

121.5

Catalogue.
41.5
7717 CILL
30
26
Fully Sculptured 70mm Open-in Tilt-Turn Window
Internal Glazing
Fully Sculptured 70mm 70070 OUTER FRAME
1
121.5
Fully Sculptured
70060 CASEMENT
28mm Double Glazing 2576 REINFORCEMENT
7876 GLAZING BRIDGE

Internally Glazed
Bubblex Seals
2389 GLAZING BEAD
X
Viewed from Outside
Point to hinge
2024 WEATHER BAR

121.5

Catalogue.
41.5
7717 CILL
30
27
1 Product
Window
High Styles
Performance
Curtain Wall System
Horizontal Pivot Window
28
Fully Chamfered 60mm Horizontal Pivot Window
Internal Glazing
PRODUCT ASSEMBLIES HORIZONTAL PIVOT WINDOW

22990 OUTER FRAME

(JAMBS & HEAD)
Fully Chamfered
99310 ADAPTOR PROFILE
150
(FIXED TO SASH UPPER HALF)
24mm Double Glazing
2577 RCM REINFORCEMENT

Internally Glazed
Scotia Bead
22650 SASH
*2260
Bubblex Seals REINFORCEMENT (STILES)
(TOP RAIL OVER 800mm)
X 2348 GLAZING BEAD
1976 GLAZING BRIDGE
HANDLE
X (ESPAG. LOCKING)
Viewed from Outside
Point to hinge
150
*1Note: All reinforcements shown are for 99310 ADAPTOR PROFILE

diagramatical purposes only. For applications, (FIXED TO OUTER FRAME LOWER HALF)
Catalogue.

22990 OUTER FRAME
2211 CILL
*2258 REINFORCEMENT
29
Fully Integrated 70mm Horizontal Pivot Window
Internal Glazing
CATEGORY SECTION
DESCRIPTION STYLE

77070 OUTER FRAME
*2491 REINFORCEMENT
(JAMBS & HEAD)

} Fully Integrated (FIXED TO SASH UPPER HALF)
150
2483 REINFORCEMENT
28mm Double Glazing
Internally Glazed
Ovolo Bead 22650 SASH
Bubblex Seals *2260

REINFORCEMENT (STILES)
X 2385 GLAZING BEAD
3331-3335
GLAZING PACKERS
1976 GLAZING BRIDGE
HANDLE
(ESPAG. LOCKING)
X
Viewed from Outside
Point to hinge
150
*1Note: All reinforcements shown are for 99310

diagramatical purposes only. For applications, ADAPTOR PROFILE
please refer to the PROFILE 22 Product (FIXED TO OUTER
FRAME LOWER HALF)
Catalogue.
77070 OUTER FRAME

*2491 REINFORCEMENT
7779 CILL
*2258 REINFORCEMENT
30
Fully Bevelled 70mm Horizontal Pivot Window
Internal Glazing
Fully Bevelled 70mm

77070 OUTER FRAME
*2491 REINFORCEMENT
(JAMBS & HEAD)
Fully Bevelled

(FIXED TO SASH UPPER HALF)
150
28mm Double Glazing
2483 REINFORCEMENT
Internally Glazed
77650 SASH
Bubblex Seals *2260
X
2369 GLAZING BEAD
3331-3335
GLAZING PACKERS
7876 GLAZING BRIDGE
HANDLE
(ESPAG. LOCKING)
X
Viewed from Outside
Point to hinge
150
*1Note: All reinforcements shown are for 99310

ADAPTOR PROFILE
diagramatical purposes only. For applications, (FIXED TO OUTER
please refer to the PROFILE 22 Product FRAME LOWER HALF)
Catalogue.
*2491 REINFORCEMENT
7779 CILL
*2258 REINFORCEMENT
31
TD-02-0024-0\06-08 materials, changes of specification may be made from time to time without prior notice. This statement does not affect your statutory rights. ©PROFILE22
Fully Sculptured 70mm Horizontal Pivot Window
Internal Glazing

70070 OUTER FRAME

(JAMBS & HEAD)
99310
Fully Sculptured ADAPTOR PROFILE
150
28mm Double Glazing 2577 RCM REINFORCEMENT
Internally Glazed
70050 SASH
Bubblex Seals *2260

X
2389 GLAZING BEAD
7876 GLAZING BRIDGE
3331-3335
GLAZING PACKERS
HANDLE
(ESPAG. LOCKING)
X
Viewed from Outside
Point to hinge
150

Catalogue.
70070 OUTER FRAME
7779 CILL
*2258 REINFORCEMENT
32
1 Product
Window
High Styles
Performance
Curtain Wall System
Fully Reversible Window
33
Fully Reversible 70mm Window
Internal Glazing
PRODUCT ASSEMBLIES FULLY REVERSIBLE WINDOW
Fully Reversible 70mm
2761 OUTER FRAME

1
Fully Reversible
Window
2766 HEAD DRIP
121
1838 WEATHERSEAL
Fully Reversible
2765 VENT
1
Internally Glazed 2379 GLAZING BEAD

Bevelled Bead
1822E GLAZING GASKET

X 2809 GLAZING BRIDGE
HANDLE
(ESPAG. LOCKING)
6mm
156
ESPAG.
X 2764 TRANSOM/MULLION
Viewed from Outside

Point to hinge

diagramatical purposes only. For
applications, please refer to the PROFILE
22 Product Catalogue.
3321-3325
*2Note: Detail shows 1822E gasket - on occasions
GLAZING PACKER (As required)
65
where there are variances due to tolerance

build up, alternative gaskets are supplied, i.e.
1808E If glass too tight, 1971 if glass too
loose.
7717 CILL
34
1 Product
Window
High Styles
Performance
Curtain Wall System
Miscellaneous Applications
35
Miscellaneous Applications
Concrete Cill Infill (1715) & Box Sash Adaptor (1977)
PRODUCT ASSEMBLIES MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS
MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS - CONCRETE CILL INFILL (1715)
Packer
22810 2267 Drainage Cover
X
15mm
1715
X
Viewed from Outside 10/
Point to hinge 10.5mm
SPECIAL APPLICATIONS - BOX SASH ADAPTOR (1977)
2291
X X
1977
Viewed from Outside

Point to hinge WINDOW BOARD
36
1 Product
High Door Styles

Performance
Curtain Wall System
Residential Door
37
Fully Chamfered 60mm Single Door (Open-In)
Internal Glazing
PRODUCT ASSEMBLIES RESIDENTIAL DOOR
SECTION A-A
39.5 LEAF WIDTH = FRAME WIDTH - 81 41.5
97.5 4 4 97.5
7189
22730 22730
2348
*
3
2475
2465 *3
7250
22990 22990
GLASS WIDTH (OVERALL) = LEAF WIDTH - 203 HANDLE
10 SPINDLE 12*1
CENTRELINE
FRAME WIDTH
SECTION B-B
Fully Chamfered 60mm 22990
39.5
MIDRAIL SECTION C-C
GLASS HEIGHT
4 (TOP)
10
22730
Single Door - Open In
22480
97.5
Fully Chamfered 115
80
LEAF HEIGHT = FRAME HEIGHT - 81
*
2473
Internally Glazed
4
LEAF HEIGHT - 203
FRAME HEIGHT
GLASS HEIGHT
(OVERALL) =
(BOTTOM) 4
GLASS HEIGHT
Bubblex Seals
OUTSIDE
4
3
22730
154.5 B 156.5
154.5 THRESHOLD OPTIONS*
2
97.5
C7866
A A
FRAME HEIGHT
12*1
LOCK L2278
SIDE
C L2278
69
54
C
41.5
C7866 88010
*900
THRESHOLD 22990
TRIM
15
156.5 INSIDE LOW FRAME 2080 - LOW THRESHOLD

THRESHOLD OPTION ALUMINIUM OPTION
B *Note: Denotes midrail centreline recommended dimension (unless
otherwise required).
FRAME WIDTH
23
23
*1Note: Leaf/Frame spacing - maintain 12mm on lockside and at cill.

*2Note: LOW THRESHOLDS - THESE WILL NOT PROVIDE THE SAME L2901 - MEDIUM 2902 - MEDIUM
WEATHERING PERFORMANCE AS FULL FRAME THRESHOLDS. THRESHOLD THRESHOLD
PVC-U OPTION ALUMINIUM OPTION
*3Note: Standard Reinforcing shown.
38
Fully Chamfered 60mm Double Door (Open-Out)
Internal Glazing
SECTION A-A
FRAME WIDTH
22990 2348 22990
22740 22740
*1 *1
6527
97.5 4 4 97.5
39.5 LEAF WIDTH = FRAME WIDTH - 87 2 39.5
SECTION B-B
4 69.5 66.5 67 4
99310
Double Door - Open Out 22740 22740
257 7
7250 7252
2475 *1 2475 *1
Fully Chamfered
24mm Double Glazing

115 8 115
Internally Glazed
Scotia Bead MIDRAIL SECTION C-C
GLASS HEIGHT
Bubblex Seals
(TOP)
4
22480
THRESHOLD OPTIONS*
115
80
A B B A
FRAME HEIGHT
C7866
C
4 (BOTTOM)
GLASS HEIGHT
C
54
88010
OUTSIDE
15
LOW FRAME 2080 - LOW THRESHOLD

* Note: LOW THRESHOLDS - THESE WILL NOT PROVIDE THE SAME
FRAME WIDTH WEATHERING PERFORMANCE AS FULL FRAME THRESHOLDS.
23
23
*1Note: PAS 023- PAS 024 High Security reinforcing shown.
L2901 - MEDIUM 2902 - MEDIUM

THRESHOLD THRESHOLD
39
Fully Chamfered 60mm Slim Leaf Single Door (Open-In)
Internal Glazing
SECTION A-A
71.5 4 4 71.5
22610 22610
2348
2475
7180
22990 22990
GLASS WIDTH (OVERALL) = LEAF WIDTH - 151
1
10 12*
FRAME WIDTH
SECTION B-B MIDRAIL SECTION C-C

GLASS HEIGHT
22990 39.5
4 (TOP)
Slim Door - Open In
22480
10
22610
Fully Chamfered
71.5
115
80
24mm Double Glazing
Internally Glazed
4
Scotia Bead
LEAF HEIGHT - 151
FRAME HEIGHT
(BOTTOM) 4
GLASS HEIGHT
(OVERALL) =
GLASS HEIGHT
Bubblex Seals
OUTSIDE
4
2224 WEATHERBAR
128.5 B 130.5
71.5
128.5
THRESHOLD OPTIONS*2
1
L2278 C7866
12*
A A
FRAME HEIGHT
LOCK
69
SIDE
C
41.5
C7866 L2278
THRESHOLD 22990
TRIM
54
C INSIDE 88010
*900
15
130.5 LOW FRAME 2080 - LOW THRESHOLD

FRAME WIDTH
23
23
*2Note: LOW THRESHOLDS - THESE WILL NOT PROVIDE THE SAME

WEATHERING PERFORMANCE AS FULL FRAME THRESHOLDS. L2901 - MEDIUM 2902 - MEDIUM
THRESHOLD THRESHOLD
40
Fully Chamfered 60mm Slim Leaf French Door (Open-Out)
External Glazing
SECTION A-A
LEAF WIDTH = FRAME WIDTH - 87 2
22990 22990
22610 2357 2357 22610
10 4 4 10
71.5 71.5
39.5 FRAME WIDTH 39.5
SECTION B-B
61 66.5 58.5
99310
22610
257 7
Slim French Door
Open Out 7180 7184
Fully Chamfered
24mm Double Glazing 4 71.5 8 71.5 4
Externally Glazed
Ovolo Bead MIDRAIL SECTION C-C
4 GLASS HEIGHT
Bubblex Seals
(TOP)
22480
THRESHOLD OPTIONS*2
115
80
A B B A C7866
FRAME HEIGHT
C
GLASS HEIGHT 4
(BOTTOM)
C
54
88010
OUTSIDE
15

FRAME WIDTH * Note: LOW THRESHOLDS - THESE WILL NOT PROVIDE THE SAME
23
23
WEATHERING PERFORMANCE AS FULL FRAME THRESHOLDS.

THRESHOLD THRESHOLD
41
Fully Integrated 70mm Single Door (Open-In)
Internal Glazing
SECTION A-A
97.5 4 4 97.5
22730 22730
2348 2348
3
* 2473
3 2475 *
7250

77070 SPINDLE 77070
10 CENTRELINE 12*1
FRAME WIDTH
SECTION B-B
Fully Integrated 70mm 77070
39.5
MIDRAIL SECTION C-C
GLASS HEIGHT
10
4 (TOP)
22730
}
97.5
Fully Integrated 22480

115
24mm Double Glazing
80
3
2473 *
4
Internally Glazed
FRAME HEIGHT
LEAF HEIGHT - 203

GLASS HEIGHT
2348
(OVERALL) =
(BOTTOM) 4
Bubblex Seals
2348 GLASS HEIGHT
4
OUTSIDE
22730
2473 *3
154.5 B 156.5 C7864

THRESHOLD
TRIM
154.5 2
THRESHOLD OPTIONS*
97.5
A A C7864
FRAME HEIGHT
LOCK
12*1
L2278
SIDE
C
69
54
C 77010
41.5
*900
77070
15

FRAME WIDTH otherwise required).
23
23

*3Note: PAS 023- PAS 024 High Security reinforcing shown
42
Fully Integrated 70mm Double Door (Open-Out)
Internal Glazing
SECTION A-A
97.5 4 4 97.5
77070 77070
22740 2358 22740

*1 *1
7177
6527 6527
10 10
FRAME WIDTH
SECTION B-B
Fully Integrated 70mm 4 69.5 66.5 67 4
99310
22740 22740
257 7
Double Door - Open Out
7250 7252
}
*1 *1
Fully Integrated
115 8 115
24mm Double Glazing
Internally Glazed
MIDRAIL SECTION C-C
GLASS HEIGHT
Bubblex Seals
(TOP)
4
22480
THRESHOLD OPTIONS*
A B B A
115
80
FRAME HEIGHT
C7864
C
4
C
GLASS HEIGHT
(BOTTOM)
54
77010
15
OUTSIDE
FRAME WIDTH *Note: LOW THRESHOLDS - THESE WILL NOT PROVIDE THE SAME
23
23
*1Note: PAS 023- PAS 024 High Security reinforcing shown

THRESHOLD THRESHOLD
43
Fully Integrated 70mm Single Slim Door (Open-In)
Internal Glazing
SECTION A-A
71.5 4 4 71.5
22610 22610
2348
2475
7180

77070 77070
10 12*
1
FRAME WIDTH

SECTION B-B MIDRAIL SECTION C-C
GLASS HEIGHT
Slim Door - Open In
77070
39.5
4 (TOP)
} Fully Integrated
22480
10
22610
24mm Double Glazing

71.5
115
80
Internally Glazed
Scotia Bead
4
Bubblex Seals
LEAF HEIGHT - 151
FRAME HEIGHT
(BOTTOM) 4
GLASS HEIGHT
(OVERALL) =
GLASS HEIGHT
OUTSIDE
B
4
128.5 130.5
WEATHERBAR
128.5 2
THRESHOLD OPTIONS*
2224
71.5
A A C7864
FRAME HEIGHT
LOCK L2278
1
12*
SIDE
C
L2278
69
54
C 77010
41.5
*900
C7864 77070
THRESHOLD
15
TRIM
INSIDE
130.5
FRAME WIDTH otherwise required).
23
23

44
Fully Integrated 70mm Double French Door (Open-Out)
External Glazing
SECTION A-A
LEAF WIDTH = FRAME WIDTH - 87 2
77070 77070
22610 2357 2357 22610
10 4 4 10
71.5 71.5
39.5 FRAME WIDTH 39.5
SECTION B-B
Fully Integrated 70mm 61 66.5 58.5
99310
22610
257 7
Slim French Door
Open Out
7180 7184
} Fully Integrated
28mm Double Glazing 4 71.5 8 71.5 4
Externally Glazed
Ovolo Bead
MIDRAIL SECTION C-C
Bubblex Seals
GLASS HEIGHT
4 (TOP)
22480
THRESHOLD OPTIONS*
A B B A
115
80
FRAME HEIGHT
C7864
C
GLASS HEIGHT 4
C
(BOTTOM)
54
77010
15
OUTSIDE
23
23

THRESHOLD THRESHOLD
45
Fully Bevelled 70mm Single Door (Open-In)
Internal Glazing
SECTION A-A
94.5 4 4 94.5
7197
2369 2369
3
*
7250
77730 77730
77070 GLASS WIDTH (OVERALL) = LEAF WIDTH - 197 HANDLE 77070

SPINDLE
10 CENTRELINE 12*
1
FRAME WIDTH
Fully Bevelled 70mm SECTION B-B MIDRAIL SECTION C-C
GLASS HEIGHT
77070 39.5
4 (TOP)
77320
10
Fully Bevelled
115
80
94.5
77730
28mm Double Glazing

Internally Glazed
4
GLASS HEIGHT
(BOTTOM)
4
LEAF HEIGHT - 197
FRAME HEIGHT
GLASS HEIGHT
(OVERALL) =
Bubblex Seals
OUTSIDE
4
151.5 B 153.5 2024 WEATHER BAR

2
151.5 THRESHOLD OPTIONS*
94.5
A A C7864
FRAME HEIGHT
LOCK L2278
12*
SIDE
C L2278
54
C 77010
41.5
C7864
*900
THRESHOLD
15
TRIM

B
FRAME WIDTH *Note: Denotes midrail centreline recommended dimension (unless
23
23

46
Fully Bevelled 70mm Double Door (Open-Out)
Internal Glazing
SECTION A-A
94.5 4 4 94.5
77070 77070
77740 77740
2369 2369
GLASS WIDTH (OVERALL) = LEAF WIDTH - 197 10
7199 7199
10
FRAME WIDTH
SECTION B-B
Fully Bevelled 70mm
4 66.5 66.5 64 4
99310
77740 77740
257 7
Double Door - Open Out
7250 7252
Fully Bevelled
28mm Double Glazing 112 8 112
Internally Glazed
MIDRAIL SECTION C-C
Bubblex Seals
GLASS HEIGHT
(TOP)
4
77320
77320
THRESHOLD OPTIONS*
112
77
A B B A
FRAME HEIGHT
C7864
C
GLASS HEIGHT 4
(BOTTOM)
C
54
OUTSIDE 77010
15

23
23

THRESHOLD THRESHOLD
47
Fully Sculptured 70mm Single Door (Open-In)
Internal Glazing
SECTION A-A
94.5 4 4 94.5
7197
2389
3
*
7250
70300 70300

70070 SPINDLE
10 CENTRELINE 12*
1
FRAME WIDTH
Fully Sculptured 70mm SECTION B-B MIDRAIL SECTION C-C
77070
GLASS HEIGHT
39.5
4 (TOP)
10
70320
Fully Sculptured
94.5
70730
115
80
28mm Double Glazing
Internally Glazed
4
4
LEAF HEIGHT - 197
FRAME HEIGHT
GLASS HEIGHT
(BOTTOM)
GLASS HEIGHT
(OVERALL) =
Bubblex Seals
OUTSIDE
4
151.5 B 151.5 2
THRESHOLD OPTIONS*2
94.5
151.5
2
7867
A A
12*1
L2278
FRAME HEIGHT
LOCK
SIDE
C
70010
59
41.5
7867
C THRESHOLD
15
*900
TRIM
INSIDE
153.5 LOW FRAME 2080 - LOW THRESHOLD
B
FRAME WIDTH *Note: Denotes midrail centreline recommended dimension (unless
23
23

48
Fully Sculptured 70mm Double Door (Open-Out)
Internal Glazing
SECTION A-A
94.5 4 4 94.5
70070 70070
70350 70350
2389 2389
10 GLASS WIDTH (OVERALL) = LEAF WIDTH - 197 10

7199 7199
FRAME WIDTH
SECTION B-B
4 66.5 66.5 64 4
99310
Double Door - Open Out 70350 257 7 70350
7250 7252
Fully Sculptured
28mm Double Glazing 112 8 112
Internally Glazed
MIDRAIL SECTION C-C
Bubblex Seals
GLASS HEIGHT
(TOP)
4
77320 2
THRESHOLD OPTIONS*
115
A B B A
80
22
7867
FRAME HEIGHT
C
GLASS HEIGHT 4
70010
59
(BOTTOM)
C
OUTSIDE
15

23
23

THRESHOLD THRESHOLD
49
Doors with Side Screens
Coupled Side Screen
CATEGORY SECTION
DESCRIPTION STYLE
PRODUCT ASSEMBLIES DOORS WITH SIDE SCREENS
Notes: Reinforcements shown in brackets.

Glazing packing as per single door assemblies.
Hardware not shown for clarity, see other assemblies for
details.
BEAD 2348 TYP.

2234 (2253F or 2408)

Alt.1612 (4021)
24mm
24mm
22730 (2463) 22730 (2465)

22990 (2491) 22990 (2490) 22990 (2491) 22990 (2491)
BEAD 2375 TYP.

7745 (4021)
Alt. 2234 (2253F or 2408)
28mm
28mm
22730 (2463) 22730 (2465)
77070 (2491) 77070 (2490) 77070 (2491) 77070 (2491)
BEAD 2369 TYP.

2234 (2253F or 2408)
Alt. 7745 (4021)
28mm
Fully Bevelled 70mm
28mm
77730 (7882) 77730 (7882)
77070 (2491) 77070 (2490) 77070 (2491) 77070 (2491)
SEAL TOP OF COUPLER

WITH SILCONE SEALANT TO
PROTECT FROM ELEMENTS
BEAD 2389 TYP.

7745 (4021)
ALT. 2234 (2253F or 2408)
28mm
28mm
70300 (7882) 70300 (7882)
70070 (2491) USE END CAPS 1082 or 70070 (2490) 70070 (2491) 70070 (2491)
SEAL TOP OF COUPLER WITH SILICONE SEALANT AS PER ABOVE
50
Doors with Side Screens
Common Mullion Frame
PRODUCT ASSEMBLIES DOORS WITH SIDE SCREENS
Notes: Reinforcements shown in brackets.

Glazing packing as per single door assemblies.
Hardware not shown for clarity, see other assemblies for
details.
BEAD 2385 TYP.

28mm
28mm
22730 (2463) 22730 (2465)

22990 (2491) 22720 (2492) 22990 (2491)
BEAD 2358 TYP.

24mm
24mm
22730 (2463) 22730 (2465)
77070 (2491) 77120 (2492) 77070 (2491)
BEAD 2369 TYP.

Fully Bevelled 70mm
28mm
28mm
77730 (7882) 77730 (7882)
77070 (2491) 77120 (2492) 77070 (2491)
BEAD 2389 TYP.

28mm
28mm
70300 (7882) 70300 (7882)
70070 (2491) 70120 (2492) 70070 (2491)
51
1 Product
High Door Styles

Performance
Curtain Wall System
Composite Door
52
60mm Composite Door Frame System
Frame System
PRODUCT ASSEMBLIES COMPOSITE DOOR
SECTION A-A
1831 2234 2211
2409 2409
1825/1
(B)2447
2385
2409
Composite Door 60mm
Composite Door
Fully Chamfered 1825/1
1719 2385
28mm Double Glazing
Composite Panelling
2409
2409
Internally Glazed
SECTION B-B
1831
A A L2436
1832
1831
2427
B 2438
2211
53
70mm Composite Door Frame System
With Slab Side Panel Arrangement
PRODUCT ASSEMBLIES COMPOSITE DOOR
SECTION A-A 2211
7801 7802 7801

1831 7812 Alu. 18370
(B)2447
1720 2385
7801
Composite Door 70mm
Composite Door
1825/1
Fully Bevelled
2385
28mm Double Glazing

7802
Composite Panelling
Internally Glazed
SECTION B-B
1831
22
A L2436
A A
1832
1831
2427
2438
B
7717
54
1 Product
High Door Styles

Performance
Curtain Wall System
In-line Sliding Patio Door
55
In-line Patio Door System
Horizontal Sections - 86mm Outer Frame, 28mm Double Glazing
PRODUCT ASSEMBLIES IN-LINE PATIO DOOR
Patio Door System
GLASS - 135 GLASS - 135
EQUAL GLASS WIDTH = OVERALL WIDTH - 270

2
GLASS - 138 GLASS - 98.5 GLASS - 177.5

3
GLASS - 97

4
56
In-line Patio Door System
Vertical Sections - 86mm Outer Frame, 28mm Double Glazing
PRODUCT ASSEMBLIES INL-LINE PATIO DOOR
Patio Door System
FULL FRAME THRESHOLD LOW ALUMINIUM THRESHOLD

Dotted Detail Showing Recommended
Night Vent Position
(B)1277(W)
(B)1277(W)
50
44
2263
44
GLASS = OFH - 900mm - 154.5
GLASS = OFH - 900mm - 154.5

OVERALL OUTERFRAME HEIGHT (OFH)

GLASS = OFH - 193

GLASS = OFH - 219
GLASS = 900 (SMH) - 152.5

900mm STANDARD MIDRAIL HEIGHT (SMH)
900mm STANDARD MIDRAIL HEIGHT (SMH)

GLASS = 900 (SMH) - 126.5
30
28
28
42
16
30
Detail Showing 2217-155mm Cill Detail Showing 2217-155mm Cill Detail Showing S1224-Low Threshold Detail Showing S1224-Low Threshold
1334
Low Threshold -
Thermally Broken Option
Note Overall outerframe height does not include cill. (Profile 22 cill shown).
57
1 Product
HighCurtain Wall
Performance
Curtain Wall System
58
Curtain Wall
PRODUCT ASSEMBLIES CURTAIN WALL
Curtain Wall System
B B
A A
CURTAIN WALL DOOR DETAIL

SECTION A-A
5001
5010
1825/1 1825/1
1825
5003
5030
59
Curtain Wall
PRODUCT ASSEMBLIES CURTAIN WALL
Curtain Wall System
CURTAIN WALL VENT DETAIL

SECTION B-B
5001
5010
1825/1 1825/1
5030 5003
CURTAIN WALL INSULATION PANEL

SECTION C-C
5030
5002
5020
5003
60
1 Product
High New Build

Performance
Curtain Wall System
Window Former & Cavity Closer
61
75mm Cavity Closer - Fit Window from Inside
Fitted with FC60 Internally Beaded Window - Vertical Section
PRODUCT ASSEMBLIES WINDOW FORMER, FIXER & CAVITY CLOSER
REVEAL LINING
Window Former,
Fixer & Cavity Closer
LINTEL
WF2470 HEADVENT CLIP
WF3522/6 HEADVENT
5
22810 OUTER FRAME
1
104
22650 VENT
1
2338 GLAZING BEAD
1976 GLAZING BRIDGE
HANDLE
110
7471/77 ESPAG.
7337 KEEP
1
22810 OUTER FRAME
1976 GLAZING BRIDGE

59
2217 CILL
30
WF3724 INSULATION
WF3752/6 75MM CAVITY CLOSER INSIDE

OUTSIDE BLOCK
BRICK
40
60
5
70
62
Fitted with FC60 Internally Beaded Window - Horizontal Section
Window Former,
BUILDING OPENING WIDTH
22810 OUTER FRAME

1
INSIDE INSIDE
WF3562 60MM CAM
BRICK BRICK
22650 VENT
2338 GLAZING BEAD
75
70
OUTSIDE OUTSIDE
BRICK BRICK
WF3751/6 75MM CAVITY CLOSER

WF3724 INSULATION
2217 CILL (OVERALL WIDTH
INCLUDES ENDCAPS)
5 OVERALL WINDOW WIDTH 5
INTERNAL SUB-FRAME WIDTH
63
Fitted with FC60 Window - Timber Frame Application - Vertical Section
Window Former,
22810 OUTER FRAME
104
22650 VENT
1
2338 GLAZING BEAD
1976 GLAZING BRIDGE

HANDLE
110
7471/77 ESPAG.
7337 KEEP
1
22810 OUTER FRAME
1976 GLAZING BRIDGE

59
2217 CILL
30
37
WF3566 90MM HANGER BRACKET
87
CLEARANCE DISTANCE REQUIRED
FROM END OF TIMBER FRAME ENSURE HANGER BRACKET
IS TIGHT AGAINST TIMBER
64
Fitted with FC60 Window - Timber Frame Application - Horizontal Section
Window Former,
37
87
22810 OUTER FRAME
15
1
22650 VENT
1
* 2565 RCM REINFORCEMENT WF3562 60MM CAM

2338 GLAZING BEAD
WF3901/6 CAVITY CLOSER

WF3724 INSULATION
INCLUDES ENDCAPS)
65
Fitted with FI70 Internally Beaded Window - Vertical Section
REVEAL LINING
Window Former,
Fixer & Cavity Closer LINTEL
WF2470 HEADVENT CLIP
WF3522/6 HEADVENT
5
77810 OUTER FRAME
1
104
22650 VENT
1
2338 GLAZING BEAD
1976 GLAZING BRIDGE
HANDLE
110
7471/77 ESPAG.
1
7337 KEEP
7876 GLAZING BRIDGE

66
7717 CILL
1
30
WF3724 INSULATION
WF3102/6 100MM CAVITY CLOSER INSIDE
BLOCK
OUTSIDE
BRICK
40
60
95 5
66
Fitted with FI70 Internally Beaded Window - Horizontal Section
Window Former,
77810 OUTER FRAME
INSIDE 1
* 2577 RCM REINFORCEMENT INSIDE
BRICK BRICK
22650 VENT
1
WF3563 70MM CAM
2338 GLAZING BEAD
100
95
OUTSIDE OUTSIDE
BRICK BRICK

WF3724 INSULATION
INCLUDES ENDCAPS
67
75mm Cavity Closer - Fit Window from Outside
Window Former,
22810 OUTER FRAME
1
104
22860 VENT
1

HANDLE
LOCKING
1976 GLAZING BRIDGE

110
7471/77 ESPAG.
7337 KEEP
1

1976 GLAZING BRIDGE
52
2217 CILL
1
30
WF2510 CILL LOCATOR

WF3724 INSULATION
OUTSIDE INSIDE
BRICK BLOCK
30 5
70
68
Window Former,
WF3753 CAVITY CLOSER

INSIDE 22810 OUTER FRAME INSIDE
BRICK 1 BRICK
22650 VENT
1
75
70
OUTSIDE OUTSIDE
BRICK BRICK

WF3724 INSULATION
INCLUDES ENDCAPS)
69
Window Former,
22810 OUTER FRAME

1
104
22650 VENT
1

2348 CO-EX GLAZING BEAD
1976 GLAZING BRIDGE
HANDLE
110
7471/77 ESPAG.
7337 KEEP
1
1976 GLAZING BRIDGE

59
22810 OUTER FRAME

*2258 REINFORCEMENT
2219 CILL
WF2510 CILL LOCATOR

30
WF3724 FOAM CORE

OUTSIDE INSIDE
BRICK BLOCK
WF3103 100mm SUBFRAME
30 5
95
70
Window Former,

INSIDE INSIDE
BRICK WF2470 JAMB CLIP BRICK
22810 OUTER FRAME
1
22650 VENT

100
95
2488 GLAZING BEAD
OUTSIDE OUTSIDE
BRICK BRICK
WF3103 100MM CAVITY CLOSER

WF3724 INSULATION
INCLUDES ENDCAPS)
OVERALL WINDOW WIDTH
71
2 Product Characteristics
HighPerformance
Performance
Curtain Wall System
72
Weather Performance
CATEGORY DESCRIPTION
PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS PERFORMANCE
Acceptable levels of window performance are vital to

achieve required standards, eliminate costly
corrective action, maintain customer confidence and
uphold the reputation of the manufacturing company.
Profile and reinforcement choice, window size and

configuration will all effect window performance.
The product variations are innumerable and therefore
it is impossible to provide predictable performance
results.
Standards require that doors and windows meet the
specification of BS6375 Part 1, for Air Permeability,
Water tightness and Wind Resistance, as shown in the
following chart.
DESIGN WIND PRESSURE

TEST 1200Pa. 1600Pa. 2000Pa.
AIR PERMEABILITY 200Pa. 300Pa. 300Pa.
WATERTIGHTNESS 100Pa. 200Pa. 200Pa.
WIND RESISTANCE 1200Pa. 1600Pa. 2000Pa.
The units tested shall avoid air and water leakage and
(A) BS6375 : Part 1
resist wind pressures, measured in pascals, for the
Performance of Windows
tests listed and to the values indicated under the three
Part 1 Classification of Weathertightness
wind pressure categories.
(B) BS6399 Loading for Buildings
Fabricators/Specifiers are invited to contact the (Formerly CP3)
Technical Department for advice, where special wind Part 1 Code of Practice for dead and imposed
pressure categories are specified, unusual difficulties loads
may be experienced, or where installation in exposed Part 2 Code of Practice for windloads
locations can be expected to be subjected to above Part 3 Code of Practice for imposed
average climatic conditions. roof loads
The information on Wind Pressure, found within this (C) BS5368 : Method of Testing Windows
section, is presented in simplified form and is only Part 1 Air Permeability Test
intended for guidance. Part 2 Watertightness Test
For detailed information covering all aspect of Wind Part 3 Wind Resistance Test
Loading, Window Performance and Testing etc, refer to
the current issue of the following BSI publications.
73
Weather Performance
WATER TIGHTNESS TO BS 5368 Part 2: 1986 (EN 86)
Test Pressure Duration of Exposure category (Pa)

Pa Pressure (min.)
0 15
50 5 1200
100 5 1600
2000
150 5
Special
200 5
300 5
400 5
500 5
WIND RESISTANCE TO BS 5368 Part 3: 1985 (EN 77)
Test Pressure Duration of Exposure category

Pa Pressure (min.)
1200 3x3 pos. 3x3 neg 1200

1600
1600 3x3 pos. 3x3 neg 2000
Special
2000 3x3 pos. 3x3 neg
2400 3x3 pos. 3x3 neg
The normal maximum permissable deflection for a For very large windows, e.g. Floor to ceiling glazed screens
window with insulating glass units is the length (L) of such as those found in schools and flats, it may be
preferable to specify a smaller maximum deflection such
the mullion/transom divided by (L/175) to a
as L/250 to provide greater stiffness to the structure. For
maximum of 16mm.For the insulating glass units it is curtain walling always use L/250.
recommended that the maximum deflection is
restricted to 8mm.
EXPOSURES CATEGORIES FOR DOMESTIC SINGLE DOORS & SINGLE DOOR ASSEMBLIES
BSI PAS 023-1: 1999
Exposure Category Air Permability Water Tightness Wind Resistence

Pa Pa Pa Pa
800 U No requirement No requirement 800
800 X Up to 200 (graph A) 50 800

800 Up to 200 100 800
Equal to the actual
Over 800 Up to 300 (graph B) 200
design wind pressure
74
Wind Loads
31
The maximum Wind Pressure Pascals (Pa) to which
an installed unit may be subjected is dependent upon
30
the following:-
29 28
(a) The maximum Wind Speed likely to be 27
experienced at the geographical location of the 26
25
site. 24
Inverness
Aberdeen
(b) The Ground Roughness Category. i.e. The amount Oban

23
of obstruction which will interrupt the air flow. Perth
Dundee
25
Glasgow Edinburgh
(c) The Height above ground. 26
25Londonderry Newcastle
Carlisle
Belfast
Note 1. 24
24 23
York
Leeds
Kingston
Wind Speeds in excess of 120mph may be experienced Preston
Liverpool
23
Manchester
upon Hull
on exposed headlands and islands in Northern & Stoke

Sheffield
Nottingham
22
Western coastal regions. 21
Birmingham
Leicester
Norwich 25
Aberystwyth Northampton Ipswich
Bedford 24
20
Oxford 23
Height Note: Swansea
Cardiff LONDON
Bristol
For building heights above 10m refer to BS Publication

Brighton
BS 6399. Bournemouth
Plymouth
GROUND ROUGHNESS CHART - WIND PRESSURE (Pa)

CAT. A CAT. B CAT. C CAT. D CAT. E
Basic Wind Speed Building Open country less Open country more Town areas less Town areas bet. Town areas more
(m/s) Height than 10km from
open sea
than 10km from
open sea
than 2km from
open sea
2km and 10km
from open sea
than 10km from
open sea
<5m 801 726 645 410 389

20 5m - 10m 932 881 821 698 662
<5m 883 800 710 452 429
21 5m - 10m 1028 971 905 770 730
<5m 970 876 780 496 471
22 5m - 10m 1128 1066 993 844 801
<5m 1059 959 852 542 514
23 5m - 10m 1233 1165 1086 923 875
<5m 1154 1044 928 590 560
24 5m - 10m 1342 1268 1182 1005 954
<5m 1252 1134 1007 640 608
25 5m - 10m 1457 1376 1282 1090 1034
<5m 1354 1226 1090 692 658
26 5m - 10m 1575 1488 1387 1179 1119
<5m 1460 1322 1174 746 709
27 5m - 10m 1699 1605 1495 1272 1206
<5m 1570 1422 1263 803 762
28 5m - 10m 1827 1726 1608 1368 1298
<5m 1684 1525 1355 862 818
29 5m - 10m 1960 1851 1726 1467 1392
<5m 1802 1632 1450 922 875
30 5m - 10m 2098 1982 1846 1570 1490
<5m 1925 1742 1549 984 935
31
5m - 10m 2240 2116 1971 1677 1590
NOTE:- This table is based upon a maximum wind speed likely to be exceeded only once in 50 years, measured at 3m, 5m & 10m above the ground and a Pressure Coefficient of 1.2
75
Wind Pressure, Wind Speed and Wind Load Comparison Table
This table is useful for comparing Miles per Hour,

Newtons per Metre Squared/Pascals and The
Beaufort Scale.
Beaufort 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Scale No.
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110
Knots
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130

MPH
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210
Km/Hr
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60
M/Secs
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
Lb/ft 2
0 50 100 200 300 400 500 600 800 1000 1500 2000
N/m2= Pa
0 5 10 20 40 50 60 70 80 100 120 140 160 180 200

2
KGF/M
76
Wind Loads
Method for Determining the Structural Suitability of Windows
EXAMPLE:-
A 10m HIGH BUILDING IN THE MANCHESTER AREA, LOCATED ON THE OUTSKIRTS OF THE CITY CENTRE.
1. Determine Wind Pressure for project location, refer to prevous Wind Load page. Example 875 Pa.
2. Determine Mullion and/or Transom length.

Example from Fig 1 = 2600 mm.
3. Calculate Load Width, shown as shaded area’s in diagrams opposite.

Example from Fig 1 = 1200 mm.
4. Calculate the Load Width Factor by dividing Load Width by Mullion or Transom length.
Example from Fig 1:-
Mullion Load Width 1200

Mullion Factor 0.46
Mullion Length 2600
5. From Table 1 on page 61, determine the maximum Ixx value for a Wind Pressure of 1000 Pa and a Mullion
length of
2600 mm = 49.6.
6. To find the required Ixx value multiply the figure from table 1 by the Mullion Factor.
Note: If Mullion Factor is greater than 1, use Ixx figures stated in table 1.
4
Example:- 49.6 x 0.46 = 22.82 cm
7. Refer to Reinforcement Options pages to determine the appropriate steel component for construction.
77
Wind Loads
Method for Determining the Structural Suitability of Windows
Fig 1 Fig 2
2400 1800
600 1200
1200 1200
400
MULLION
LENGTH
1200mm
600
800
2600mm MULLION LENGTH
300 600
900 MULLION
1200
LOAD WIDTH
Fig 3
1800
1200mm
600
200
TRANSOM LENGTH
800
400
LOAD WIDTH
TRANSOM
600
400
1200
800
600 600
1200 MULLION
LOAD WIDTH
4
Table 1 (below): Shows the the maximum moment of inertia Ixx (cm ) required by a steel reinforcement to withstand
windload.
MULLION OR TRANSOM LENGTH (MM)

2500mm
2600mm
2700mm
2800mm
2900mm
3000mm
3100mm
3200mm
3300mm
3400mm
3500mm
3600mm
3700mm
3800mm
3900mm
4000mm
1000mm
1100mm
1200mm
1300mm
1400mm
1500mm
1600mm
1700mm
1800mm
1900mm
2000mm
2100mm
2200mm
2300mm
2400mm
600 Pa 0.6 1.0 1.4 1.9 2.5 3.3 4.3 5.4 6.8 8.5 10.4 12.7 15.3 18.2 21.6 25.4 29.8 34.6 40.0 46.0 52.7 60.1 68.3 77.2 87.0 97.7 109 122 136 151 167
800 Pa 0.9 1.3 1.8 2.5 3.3 4.4 5.7 7.3 9.1 11.3 13.9 16.9 20.3 24.3 28.8 33.9 39.7 46.1 53.4 61.4 70.3 80.2 91.0 103 116 130 146 163 181 201 222
1000 Pa 1.0 1.6 2.2 3.1 4.2 5.5 7.1 9.1 11.4 14.1 17.4 21.1 25.4 30.4 36.0 42.4 49.6 57.7 66.7 76.7 87.9 100 114 129 145 163 182 203 226 251 278
WIND PRESSURE (PASCALS Pa)
1200 Pa 1.3 1.9 2.7 3.7 5.0 6.6 8.5 10.9 13.7 17.0 20.8 25.3 30.5 36.4 43.2 50.9 59.5 69.2 80.0 92.1 106 120 137 154 174 195 219 244 272 301 333
1400 Pa 1.5 2.2 3.1 4.3 5.8 7.7 10.0 12.7 16.0 19.8 24.3 29.5 35.6 42.5 50.4 59.4 69.4 80.7 93.4 108 123 140 159 180 203 228 255 285 317 351 389
1600 Pa 1.7 2.5 3.6 5.0 6.7 8.8 11.4 14.5 18.2 22.6 27.8 33.7 40.7 48.6 57.6 67.8 79.3 92.3 107 123 141 160 182 206 232 261 292 325 362 402 444
1800 Pa 2.0 2.8 4.0 5.6 7.5 9.9 12.8 16.3 20.5 25.4 31.2 38.0 45.7 54.7 64.8 76.3 89.2 104 120 138 158 180 205 232 261 294 328 366 407 452 500
2000 Pa 2.2 3.2 4.5 6.2 8.3 11.0 14.2 18.1 22.8 28.3 34.7 42.2 50.8 60.7 72.0 84.8 99.2 115 133 153 176 200 228 257 290 326 365 407 453 502 556
2200 Pa 2.4 3.5 5.0 6.8 9.2 12.0 15.6 20.0 25.0 31.1 38.2 46.4 56.0 66.8 79.2 93.2 109 127 147 169 193 223 250 283 319 358 401 447 498 552 611
2400 Pa 2.6 3.8 5.4 7.4 10.0 13.2 17.1 21.7 27.3 34.0 41.7 50.6 61.0 72.9 86.4 102 119 138 160 184 211 241 273 309 348 391 437 488 543 603 667
2600 Pa 2.8 4.1 5.9 8.0 10.8 14.3 18.5 23.6 29.6 36.8 45.1 54.9 66.1 79.0 93.6 110 129 150 173 199 228 261 296 335 377 423 474 529 588 653 722
2800 Pa 3.0 4.4 6.3 8.7 11.7 15.4 19.9 25.4 31.9 39.6 48.6 59.1 71.2 85.0 101 119 139 161 187 215 246 281 319 360 406 456 510 569 634 703 778
Note:- If aluminium reinforcementor low rise curtain wall Ixx values are used is required multiply the above figures by
a factor of 3.
78
Bay Window Plans Indicating Structural Support Positions
0
3 SIDED SPLAY BAY 5 SIDED SPLAY BAY 90 SQUARE BAY
Minimum Position Of Structural Supports

Additional / Optional Position Of Structural Supports (Dependant upon Width of Bay)
Conservatory Roof Plans Indicating Structural Mullion Position Options

LEAN-TO VICTORIAN EDWARDIAN SHAPED
Minimum Position Of Structural Supports

Additional / Optional Position Of Structural Mullions (Dependant upon Length and/or Width of Conservatory)
Bay and Conservatory Structural Notes:-

When designing a bay or conservatory ensure that Ensure that the reinforcements used are adequate to
the roof weight is distributed evenly through the withstand the expected wind loading and/or
structural supports. deadloads.
Supports should be spaced at approx. 2m intervals.
This may increase depending upon the strength of Reinforce outer frames adjacent to coupling sections,
the eaves beam used. bay posts and poles.
Load bearing kits or packers should be used at Fully reinforce all dark surfaced profiles such as
support positions to ensure that the weight is
transferred from the eaves beam to the base woodgrain finished windows.
structure correctly.
All products should be reinforced to the guidelines
Ensure that the correct combination of post and/or stated within this document as a minimum standard.
poles are used to support the calculated roof weight.
Conservatories with a floor area exceeding 30 sq/m Coupling arrangements should be fixed with coupling
should be constructed using a portal frame to aid studs or appropriate fixing screws at a maximum
structural stability. pitch or 600mm and at 150mm from each end.
79
Load Bearing Capacities
LOAD BEARING CAPACITIES (Kg per pole/post)
STRUCTURAL COMPONENT (S) = STEEL (A) = ALUMINIUM
COUPLING
BAY POLE
1500 POST
BAY POLE
1350 POST
900 POST
900 POST
2410 (A)
4004 (S)
3987 (A)
2045 (A)
2052 (A)
3997 (S)
2044 (A)
2051 (A)
4021 (S)
800 5140 4980 1850 6520 2440 2936 2593

900 4980 4870 1770 6380 2340 2847 2515
1000 4540 4760 1660 6240 2250 2758 2436
STRUCTURAL COMPONENT EFFECTIVE LENGTH (MM)
1100 4340 4650 1580 6100 2200 2624 2318

1200 3830 4510 1500 5910 2110 2535 2239
1300 3590 4330 1420 5680 2060 2446 2043
1400 3120 4120 1260 5400 1970 2091 1847
1500 2880 3940 1180 5160 1870 1875 1656
1600 2530 3720 1060 4880 1830 1696 1498
1700 2370 3470 940 4550 1730 1517 1340
1800 2130 3260 830 4130 1690 1383 1222
1900 1970 3040 750 3850 1590 1294 1064
2000 1730 2830 710 3660 1500 1071 946
2100 1580 2680 630 3330 1400 982 867
2200 1460 2430 590 3140 1360 892 788
2300 1340 2250 550 2860 1220 848 749
2400 1260 2110 510 2670 1080 803 709
2500 1180 1930 470 2440 980
Example: Steel Bay Post 3997, 2100mm high, will support a weight of 1580 Kg (per pole)
Conversions:- To convert Kg to Tonnes / 1000 e.g. 1580 Kg / 1000 = 1.58 Tonne

To convert Kg to Newtons x 9.81 e.g. 1580 Kg x 9.81 = 15,499 Newtons
The effective length of a bay pole is determined by If however, the bay pole is restrained at the centre,
the type of fixings at it’s ends. If the pole is for example by means of adjacent windows, then the
effectively held in position at both ends, but is not effective length is only 70% of the actual length of the
restrained in the centre, then the effective length bay pole.
equals the actual length of the pole.
80
Reinforcement Options & Ixx Values
Outer Frame Reinforcement Options & Ixx Values
PROFILE OPTIONS
22810/77810/70010
Outerframe
PROFILE OPTIONS REINFORCEMENT OPTIONS

22990/22470/77070/70070 2482 Steel Ixx = 2.60
Outerframe 2483 Steel Ixx = 1.20
22810
REINFORCEMENT OPTIONS
2243 Steel Ixx = 3.10
2249 Steel Ixx = 3.85
22990 2490 Steel Ixx = 1.30
2491 Steel Ixx = 1.50 PROFILE OPTIONS
2271 Steel Ixx = 1.60 88010/77010
2480 Steel Ixx = 2.80 Outerframe
2270 Aluminium Ixx = 1.40
7882 Steel Ixx= 1.98
7883 Steel Ixx = 1.00
77010 2256 Aluminium Ixx = 1.75
Mullion/Transom Reinforcement Options & Ixx Values
PROFILE OPTIONS
PROFILE OPTIONS 22720/22750/77120/77130/
22020/22040 70120/70130
77020/77040/70020/70040 Mullion/Transom
Mullion/Transom
REINFORCEMENT OPTIONS 2243 Steel Ixx = 3.10
7882 Steel Ixx= 1.98 2249 Steel Ixx = 3.85
7883 Steel Ixx = 1.00
77020 2256 Aluminium Ixx = 1.75 22720 2271 Steel Ixx = 1.60
2480 Steel Ixx = 2.80
2270 Aluminium Ixx = 1.60
PROFILE OPTIONS PROFILE OPTIONS

22480/77320/77330/ 22730
70320/70330 Mullion/Transom
Mullion/Transom
REINFORCEMENT OPTIONS 2463 Steel Ixx = 3.40
2259 Steel Ixx = 7.60 22730 2473 Steel Ixx= 5.40
22480
2225
PROFILE OPTIONS
2225 & 1300
1300 Stiffener
2245 Steel Stiffener Ixx= 13.15
81
Reinforcement Options & Ixx Values
Baypoles & Reinforcement Options
* 3997 Steel Bay Pole Ixx = 7.62 * 20445 135 60mm

O
* 20455 150 60mm
O
3987 Aluminium Bay Pole Ixx = 7.80 ALUMINIUM BAY POST Ixx = 12.95 ALUMINIUM BAY POST Ixx = 11.28
O
O
2051 135 70mm 2052 150 70mm
ALUMINIUM BAY POST Ixx = 19.23 ALUMINIUM BAY POST Ixx = 17.00
* 4004 STEEL BOX COUPLING Ixx = 17.20

2410 ALUMINIUM BOX COUPLING Ixx = 17.20
Coupling Options
LINK / EXPANSION COUPLER CORNER POST / IN-LINE COUPLER
4021 STEEL COUPLING MEMBER Ixx = 13.50

* 4004 STEEL BOX COUPLING Ixx = 17.20
2410 ALUMINIUM BOX COUPLING Ixx = 17.20
SLIM STRUCTURAL COUPLER DOUBLE STRUCTURAL COUPLER
* 2253F STEEL COUPLING Ixx = 25.30 * 2 X 2253F STEEL COUPLING Ixx = 50.60
2408 ALUMINUM COUPLING Ixx = 17.00 2 X 2408 ALUMINUM COUPLING Ixx = 34.00
*Note: Aluminium coupling box sections on bay pole Ixx values must be divided by a factor of 3 to give a comprehensive strength value.
82
PVC-U & Fire
In recent years the media have projected the image This objective can be achieved by several means.
that all plastics ignite readily and then burn furiously. Reducing the number of potential ignition sources is
Whilst this carries some degree of truth it is clearly an obvious first step, but more directly the ignitability
not true for all plastics materials. Burning PVC, for of a building's contents can be reduced as can their
example rapidly forms a surface char that inhibits rate of combustion if a fire does start. If there is no
further combustion. fire then there is no toxic hazard. If a fire starts but
then burns slowly, its slow spread and slow build-up
It is also claimed, quite correctly, that burning of toxic fumes permits a longer escape time and
plastics generate toxic gases and fumes. However reduces both the toxic hazard and the overall fire
almost any material which burns will give off toxic hazard.
gases and fumes similar in nature to those arising
from plastics materials, of greater significance is the PVC, its compounds and the products made from
rate at which they are generated. them, in general score highly on both counts.
Unplasticised PVC, as for example used in window
The major toxic constituent of the gases, and the one frames, is extremely difficult to ignite. Even in a
causing most fire deaths, is carbon monoxide. This is large fire situation it will burn very slowly and will not
produced not only when most plastics burn but also sustain combustion once the ignition source has been
when wood, wool, cotton and practically every other removed or has gone out.
naturally occurring combustible material is alight,
particularly when the oxygen supply is restricted as it Window Frames - The use of PVC-U in window frame
so often is in fully developed fire situations. construction has long since been well established in
Germany and is now a rapidly growing application in
A fundamental misunderstanding surrounding the Britain. UK Building Regulations do not stipulate any
subject of toxicity and fire is the belief that toxicity fire performance standards for the materials used in
equates to toxic hazard. Many hold that just because window frames. Whilst no degree of fire resistance
a material gives off toxic fumes when burning then it as defined by BS476 Parts 20 - 23 can be achieved by
must present a serious hazard. This is not PVC-U window units, work carried out at the Fire
necessarily true. Fire safety experts agree that the Research Station has shown the fire performance of
toxicity of the combustion products alone is PVC is equivalent to that of traditional wood frames
insufficient to define the toxic hazard associated with under the conditions of test (BS476-7 and BS476-12).
a burning material. Obviously the presence of a
material which is difficult to ignite will reduce the
probability of a fire starting and hence present a
lower risk of toxic emission than one which ignites
easily. Similarly the relative toxicity of the
combustion products of each material may become
of little importance once relative burning rates are
taken into account.
The best way to reduce the toxic hazard in fires, as

well, as the general hazard, is to reduce the risk of
the fire starting in the first place and, if it has already
commenced, to reduce its rate of growth.
83
Summary of PVC Combustion Properties
IGNITABILITY PVC is very difficult to ignite using common ignition sources
HEAT RELEASE Burning materials release heat and the rate of release affects the severity of the fire;
this, in association with ignitability, largely determines the rate of frame spread. Both
the rate of heat release and the total heat of combustion of PVC are significantly lower
than those of other common thermoplastics.
SPREAD OF FLAME PVC has limited spread of flame characteristics and achieves high classification in
AND RESISTANCE national building fire tests. PVC tends to form a protective carbonaceous layer (or char).
TO STANDARD This insulates the material below and excludes the oxygen necessary for combustion.
COMBUSTION The hydrogen chloride emitted acts as a combustion inhibitor.
SMOKE Smoke densities are similar to wood under smouldering conditions but greater under
DENSITY flaming conditions.
CORROSIVITY OF Metallic materials may suffer from some corrosion by hydrogen chloride but restoration
COMBUSTION GASES is normally possible. Fears of the effects on structural elements of buildings have been
shown to be unfounded.
TOXICITY OF Although hydrogen chloride is a main gaseous product of the combustion of PVC the
COMBUSTION toxic potency of the combustion gases of PVC is similar to and certainly not significantly
GASES worse than those from many natural and synthetic materials.
The build up of toxic fumes will be slow when compared with rapidly burning materials
of a similar toxic potency.
OVERALL Resistance to ignition and how well flame is supported and spread are the most
significant properties which contribute to fire safety. PVC is particularly good in this
respect and this is recognised in the UK Building Regulations.
The toxic potency of PVC decomposition products is similar to that of most other
materials.
Overall therefore PVC is a widely acceptable material which does not represent a greater
fire hazard than other synthetic or natural organic materials.
84
Condensation - Cause & Effect
Condensation is a relatively new phenomenon because anything that keeps warm air in will also
resulting mainly from changes in lifestyle and our keep fresh air out, creating the ideal conditions for
desire to keep heating costs as low as possible. condensation to form.
Condensation is related to the way we heat, ventilate Before we tackle the problem, we have to understand
and insulate our homes. In days gone by, most exactly what condensation is, then find the best way
homes had one or two chimneys; allowing up to four to deal with it.
air changes per hour. Doors and windows were Condensation is merely the air’s natural moisture
generally less well fitting than they are today. This content settling on cool surfaces. The amount of
natural ventilation was the very process which moisture in the air is called relative humidity. If the
prevented condensation. humidity level rises above 70% mould and mildew
To cope with increased fuel costs came the trend to will be encouraged to grow.
insulate. This resulted in loft insulation, cavity wall Astonishingly, the average family created up to 20
insulation and double glazing. pints of moisture every day, simply by washing,
However, it is also a fact that energy-efficient homes cooking and breathing. This moisture must go
are more likely to suffer condensation – somewhere and be dealt with to avoid condensation.
WHAT IS CONDENSATION? Condensation is water vapour suspended in air.
WHERE DOES MOST WATER The most common sources of water vapour are cooking, drying clothes on radiators, washing
VAPOUR COME FROM? up, in-house plants, moisture in newly-built properties and extensions and from the breath we
exhale.
Due to the thermal currents within a house, condensation can occur in a number of places,
usually at cold spots, i.e. an unheated room or a conservatory without any form of adequate
heating.
WHERE CAN Condensation forming on the room side surface of a sealed unit indicated a high water vapour
CONDENSATION OCCUR? content present and that the temperature of the room side glass surface is inadequate.
Condensation within the airspace of the sealed unit indicated the unit has broken down.
STATEMENT:
'I did not have condensation before my new windows were installed. There must be something
wrong with them.'
This is a common assumption but, unfortunately, it is also incorrect. Windows cannot and will
not produce any water. This ‘water’ is produced by our normal living activities. Therefore we,
the householder, have created the problem.
HOW DO I KNOW IF I HAVE Condensation will take many forms, the most common being steaming windows and puddles of
CONDENSATION? water on the windowsills. In extreme cases, dark spots of mould will appear around the
windows, wall coverings and mastic seals throughout the house.
If you have a non-condensing tumble dryer, make sure it is properly vented to the outside of
your home. Remember, tumble dryers can create 16 pints of water vapour during one cycle.
HOW CAN DOUBLE Sealed unit replacement windows act as an insulator which will reduce heat loss which under
GLAZING HELP? normal circumstances, would be conducted from the inside of the room to the outside. Please
remember that sealed units act as an insulator and are not a source of heat, therefore all
rooms should be adequately heated – especially conservatories. The likelihood of
condensation forming on a warm surface is therefore reduced.
85
Condensation - Combatting
HOW DO I REDUCE Condensation can be controlled by providing natural ventilation to change air on a
CONDENSATION? regular basis and by maintaining an even temperature. This is achieved through
ventilation units which are controlled by humidistats, an airbrick, or by opening a
window. Please remember that an airbrick must be open to achieve good results. An
effective way of controlling condensation would be to install a dehumidifier. This cost
would be avoided if the problem is one of ventilation, by installing an airbrick thereby
creating ventilation or controlling those causes of moisture, that result in a build-up of
moisture in the air.
BREATHING Two sleeping adults exude two pints of moisture in eight hours, which is absorbed as
water vapour by the atmosphere.
NEW PROPERTY The bricks, timber, concrete and other materials in an average three bedroom house
absorb 1,500 gallons of water. The same principle will apply to a conservatory base and
the construction materials used. As with any new building work, please allow a period
of drying out to ensure problems are not encountered in the future.
DOUBLE GLAZING CANNOT CAUSE CONDENSATION
By acting as a heat barrier and providing an inner pane which is considerably warmer
that the outer pane, the likelihood of condensation forming is reduced.
CONCLUSION Condensation is a result of the build-up of moisture caused by our normal lifestyle and
the continual improvement and modernisation of our homes.
Replacement windows cannot produce condensation. Double glazing will act as an
insulator if there is sufficient heat within the house in the beginning. Therefore it is wise
to attempt to control the amount of water vapour displaced within the household and to
provide controlled ventilation to dispel this moisture before the problem arises.
BATHROOMS Prevent water vapour finding its way into the other rooms of your house by closing
& KITHCENS the adjoining door and leaving a window open after cooking or showering to allow a
change of air. Extractor fans and cooker hoods work well for this purpose.
If you find dark mould spots forming, treat the affected areas immediately with a
solution of household bleach or Milton fluid. This will kill the mould spores and
prevent them from spreading to other areas. All new houses with improved
insulation and replacement windows are likely to trap moisture build-up. This can be
identified and dealt with, as long as all the rooms are heated throughout the house,
and the air is changed on a regular basis.
REMEMBER IT IS FAR EASIER TO TREAT THE CAUSE THAN THE EFFECT
86
Condensation
Moisture proofing serves the general comfort of TEMPERATURE OF DEW POINT t. If the point of
human beings and provides protection against absolute humidity reaches saturation point while the
structural damage. Apart from the fact that temperature is falling, the dew-fall begins to take
dampness from the outside must be prevented, the place. The following factors influence the formation of
actual use of a building can cause condensation to condensation on the inner surface on aluminium or
occur on the inner surfaces or in the interior of a PVC-U windows.
structure. When thermally insulating a structure, one
must always take care that moisture proof materials 1) The Inner Surface temperature - this is
on the warm side and moisture-pervious materials dependent on the difference between the
on the cold side are fitted. outside temperature and room temperature,
RELATIVE AIR HUMIDITY is the ratio expressed as a the thermal resistance of the profiles fitted,
percentage of the quantity of evaporated water in and of the glass pane and wall connection, the
kilogrammes contained in the air at temperature t, to shape of the profile, the actual interior and
the maximum possible quantity of evaporation at the exterior heat transmission coefficients
same temperature. For example at 20°C atmospheric (movements of air, surface design, thermal
temperature, the air is saturated at - 17.3g/m3 radiation).
absolute humidity (= 100% relative humidity)
2) The relative air humidity on the room.
Room Air - Max Permissible cooling of the air in degrees up to the formation
Temperature Humidity of dew at a relative air humidity in percent
3
°C g/m 30% 35% 40% 45% 50% 55% 60% 65% 70% 75% 80% 85% 90% 95%
-20 0.90 - 10.7 9.10 8.00 7.00 6.00 5.20 4.40 3.70 3.00 2.40 1.70 1.10 0.60
-15 1.40 12.4 10.9 9.60 8.40 7.40 6.40 5.50 4.60 3.80 3.10 2.40 1.80 1.10 0.60
-10 2.14 12.9 11.3 9.90 8.70 7.60 6.50 5.60 4.70 3.90 3.20 2.50 1.80 1.20 0.60
-8 2.54 13.1 11.5 10.1 8.80 7.70 6.60 5.70 4.80 4.00 3.20 2.50 1.90 1.20 0.60
-6 2.99 13.3 11.7 10.2 8.90 7.80 6.80 5.80 4.90 4.10 3.30 2.60 1.90 1.20 0.60
-4 3.51 13.5 11.8 10.4 9.10 7.90 6.90 5.90 5.00 4.20 3.40 2.60 1.90 1.20 0.60
-2 4.13 13.7 12.0 10.5 9.20 8.10 7.00 6.00 5.10 4.20 3.40 2.60 1.90 1.30 0.60
0 4.80 13.8 12.2 10.7 9.40 8.20 7.10 6.00 5.10 4.30 3.40 2.70 2.00 1.30 0.70
2 5.60 14.3 12.6 11.1 9.70 8.50 7.40 6.40 5.40 4.60 3.70 3.00 2.20 1.50 0.70
4 6.40 14.7 13.0 11.5 10.1 8.80 7.70 6.70 5.80 4.90 4.00 3.20 2.30 1.50 0.70
6 7.30 15.1 13.4 11.8 10.4 9.20 8.10 7.10 6.10 5.10 4.10 3.20 2.30 1.50 0.70
8 8.30 15.6 13.8 12.2 10.8 9.60 8.40 7.30 6.20 5.10 4.20 3.20 2.40 1.60 0.80
10 9.40 16.0 14.2 12.6 11.2 9.90 8.60 7.40 6.30 5.20 4.20 3.30 2.40 1.60 0.80
12 10.7 16.4 14.6 13.1 11.6 10.1 8.80 7.50 6.40 5.30 4.30 3.40 2.50 1.60 0.80
14 12.1 16.9 15.1 13.4 11.7 10.3 8.90 7.60 6.50 5.40 4.40 3.40 2.50 1.60 0.80
16 13.9 17.4 15.5 13.6 11.9 10.4 9.00 7.80 6.60 5.50 4.40 3.50 2.50 1.70 0.80
18 15.4 17.8 15.7 13.8 12.1 10.6 9.20 7.90 6.70 5.60 4.50 3.50 2.60 1.70 0.80
20 17.3 18.1 15.9 14.0 12.3 10.7 9.30 8.00 6.80 5.60 4.60 3.60 2.60 1.70 0.80
22 19.4 18.4 16.2 14.2 12.5 10.9 9.50 8.10 6.90 5.70 4.60 3.60 2.60 1.70 0.90
24 21.8 18.6 16.4 14.4 12.7 11.1 9.60 8.30 7.00 5.80 4.70 3.70 2.70 1.80 0.90
26 24.4 18.9 16.7 14.7 12.9 11.2 9.70 8.40 7.10 5.90 4.80 3.70 2.70 1.80 0.90
28 27.2 19.2 16.9 14.9 13.0 11.4 9.90 8.50 7.20 6.00 4.90 3.80 2.80 1.80 0.90
30 30.3 19.5 17.1 15.1 13.2 11.6 10.0 8.60 7.30 6.10 4.90 3.80 2.80 1.80 0.90
35 39.4 20.2 17.8 15.6 13.7 12.0 10.4 8.90 7.60 6.30 5.10 4.00 2.90 1.90 0.90
40 50.7 20.9 18.4 16.2 14.2 12.4 10.8 9.30 7.90 6.50 5.30 4.10 3.00 2.00 1.00
45 64.5 21.6 19.0 16.8 14.7 12.9 11.2 9.60 8.10 6.80 5.50 4.30 3.10 2.00 1.00
50 82.3 22.4 19.7 17.4 15.2 13.3 11.6 9.90 8.40 7.00 5.70 4.40 3.20 2.10 1.00
87
Guide to Sound Reduction Windows
TYPICAL OUTSIDE INSIDE NOISE LEVEL RECOMMENDED SUGGESTED

NOISE LEVEL NOT TO BE EXCEEDED DBA VALUE GLAZING
OF WINDOW
60 dBA = Bedroom, children’s room 25-30 dBA 30-34 dBA 24mm DG unit
Normal living and Living room, play room 30-35 dBA 25-29 dBA 24mm DG unit
environment noise.
Kitchen, utility room 35-40 dBA Up to 24 dBA 24mm DG unit
Conversation at 1m
distance Office, hall, reception 40-50 dBA Up to 24 dBA 24mm DG unit
Bedroom, children’s room 25-30 dBA 40-44 dBA 44-47 dB unit

70 dBA =
Noisy environment Living room, play room 30-35 dBA 36-39 dBA 40-42 dB unit
and traffic sound. Kitchen, utility room 35-40 dBA 30-34 dBA 24mm DG unit
Cars at 5m distance Office, hall, reception 40-50 dBA 24mm DG unit
25-29 dBA
80 dBA = Bedroom, children’s room 25-30 dBA 45-49 dBA Double window
Street noise during Living room, play room 30-35 dBA 45-49 dBA Double window
heavy traffic.
Kitchen, utility room 35-40 dBA 40-44 dBA 44-47 dB unit
Main road continous
traffic. Office, hall, reception 40-50 dBA 30-34 dBA 24mm DG unit
Bedroom, children’s room 25-30 dBA Over 50 dBA Double window

Over 80 dBA =
Very heavy traffic Living room, play room 30-35 dBA Over 50 dBA Double window
noise, car horns, Kitchen, utility room 35-40 dBA 45-49 dBA Double window
factory noise. Office, hall, reception 40-50 dBA 35-39 dBA 40-42 dB unit
FURTHER INFORMATION CAN BE OBTAINED FROM

BS 5821:1984 AND BS 8233:1967
* Note: There are various types of sealed unit glazing
that can be used for sound reduction. These include
units with thicker glass, laminated glass, special
glass and gas filled units. It is necessary to ascertain
from the glass supplier the overall thickness and
weight of the sound reduction unit and check that it is
suitable for the proposed window and fittings.
88
Window Energy Ratings
Product Thermal Performance
WINDOW ENERGY RATINGS (WER) WINDOW ENERGY RATING TABLES

A U-Value measures the rate at which heat is lost The Profile 22 Approved Window Energy Rating tables
though a material with the lower the U-Value, the show the performance of Profile 22 products using
lower the amount of energy wasted. U-Values are different types of glass unit and spacer bar.
measured in watts per square metre degrees Kelvin - The calculations that have been carried out to
this is abbreviated to W/m2k. ascertain the thermal performance and therefore
A Window Energy Rating (WER) is a more balanced Energy Rating of the window have been verified by an
way of quantifying the energy loss across a window. It independant approved BFRC simulator.
takes account of not only the heat loss from inside to There are many configurations of Profiles,
out, for example the U-Value, but also the heat gain Reinforcings, Glass Types and Spacer Bar that can be
from outside to inside due to solar heating effects. used within a window to achieve a thermal rating and
The calculation was developed by the the tables give a 'snap-shot' of what can be achieved
British Fenestration Rating Council (BFRC). The and therefore are no tfinite.
energy rating is expressed in units of Kilowatt hour
per square metre per year (KWh/m2/year) and from This information is regularly updated providing up to
this the window is allocated a band from A-G rating date simulator results for a variety of window
scale. configurations.
For further details, please contact Profile 22
BFRC BFRC Rating Technical Department.
Rating (kWh/m2/year)
Scale
HOW TO ACHIEVE A WER
A Greater than 0
B -10 to < 0 1. Assess Standard Window Style
C -20 to < -10 Window to be assessed must
D -30 to < -20 be approved size. 1230mm x 1480mm.
E -50 to < -30
2. Determine Certification Route
F -70 to < -50
G Less than -70 Submit window specification to Approved BFRC
Simulator Use Profile 22 WER Process (Fast-
Track).
The rating is provided for a window of industry 3. Assess Bands
standard size, (1480 x 1230 mm) and style of side
Use BFRC grading chart to determine rating
hung next to fixed.
and grade.
4. Check Quality Management
BFRC Certified windows carry a label showing the
grade and Rating Values clearly indicated. A Quality Management System must monitor
and maintain production quality.
5. Attain Approval
Independent Agency audits the Fabricator and
submits the WER Application.
6. Issue Label
A Label can only be applied to approved and
certified products.
89
Approved Tables
Outer Frame Sash Mullion Bead Glazing
88010 (60) 22650 88040 2358 24mm
Inner/Outer Glass Spacer Unit Fill Uw RATING
Soft Coat 1 / Low Iron 2 Warm Edge 1 Argon 1.40 A

PKG =
Hard Coat / Low Iron 1 Warm Edge 1 Argon 1.63 B
Hard Coat / Float Warm Edge 1 Argon 1.63 C
Hard Coat / Float Aluminium Argon 1.78 D
Hard Coat / Float Aluminium Air 1.91 E
22470 (60) 22650 22850 2338 24mm
Soft Coat 1 / Float Warm Edge 2 Argon 1.47 C

Soft Coat 2 / Float Warm Edge 2 Argon 1.55 D
22810 (60) 22650 22850 2338 24mm
Soft Coat 1 / Low Iron 2 Warm Edge 2 Argon 1.47 B

22720/22750 (60) 22650 22850 2338 24mm
Soft Coat 2 / Float Warm Edge 2 Argon 1.58 D
90
Approved Tables
22990 (60) 22650 22750 2388 28mm
77010 (70) 22650 77040 2389 28mm

PKG =
77070 (70) 22650 77130 2369 28mm
91
Approved Tables
77010 (70) 77650 77040 2389 28mm

PKG =
70010 (70) 70050 70040 2389 28mm

PKG = *
* Requires Frame and Sash Fully Reinforced with RCM
70070 (70) 70050 70130 2389 28mm
Soft Coat 1 / Low Iron 2 Warm Edge 1 Argon 1.40 B
92
Building Regulations
High Performance
Curtain Wall System
93
Document B
Windows - Fire Safety & Means of Escape
PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS BUILDING REGULATIONS
DWELLING HOUSES - FLOORS NOT MORE THAN EMERGENCY EGRESS WINDOWS & EXTERNAL
4.5M ABOVE GROUND LEVEL DOORS (ref. Document 'B').
Windows shall be designed and installed to provide Any window provided for emergency egress purposes
appropriate means of escape in case of fire from the and any external door provided for escape should
building to a place of safety outside the building. comply with the following conditions.
Windows shall be capable of being used for escape
safely and effectively at all times.
1. The window should have an unobstructed
2
openable area that is at least 0.33m and at least
PERFORMANCE 450mm high and 450mm wide (the route through
The safety requirement will be met if there are the window may be at an angle rather than straight
sufficient number of escape routes and suitable through). The bottom of the openable area should
located to enable persons to escape to a place of be not more than 1100mm above the floor.
safety in the event of fire. 2.. The window or door should enable the person
escaping to reach a place free of danger from fire.
This is a matter of judgement in each case, but in
SATISFYING THE REQUIREMENTS general a courtyard or back garden from which
On the ground storey all habitable rooms, except for there is no exit other than through other buildings
kitchens, should either open directly onto a hall would have to be at least as deep as the dwelling
leading to the entrance or other suitable exit or be is high to be acceptable.
provided with a window or door.
On the upper storey(s) all habitable rooms, except for
kitchens, of a house served by only one stairway
should be provided with a window or external door.
Diagram 1 - Window for Means of Escape
450mm min
Clear Width
WINDOW
450mm Min
Clear Height
Openable Area Should Be A

2
Minimum of 0.33m .
1100mm max 1100mm max
To Bottom of To Bottom of
N
Openable Area. Openable Area.

TIO
UC
STR
OB
FLOOR LEVEL FLOOR LEVEL

Ensure Unobstructed Access.
94
Document E
Sound Performance
Glass has a very low sound absorption coefficient. SINGLE GLAZING

However, with regard to the acoustic use of glass in
buildings, sound transmission is by far the most Theoretically, sound insulation should increase by
significant and quantifies how much of the incident 6dB per doubling of glass thickness, but this is not
sound energy appears on the opposite side of the achieved in practice owing to interference by
glass or window. Among the factors that affect the resonance effects. As the mass increases, the
overall acoustic performance, which are not all frequency at which coincidence effects manifest
independent, are the following:- themselves will be lower.
A. SINGLE GLAZING:
The average sound insulation for different glass
1. Glass thickness, or mass per unit area; thicknesses is given overleaf. Values for specific
2. Coincidence effect; frequencies, in general, can be obtained from the
3. Closure or sealing; manufacturers.
4. Edge conditions;
5. Lamination; The benefits of sound damping can be obtained by
6. Pane dimensions; the use of laminated glass, which improves the
insulation at the coincidence frequency and at higher
B. MULTIPLE GLAZING. FACTORS ARE AS
FOR SINGLE GLAZING, PLUS: frequencies. At other frequencies, there is little
improvement over ordinary, monolithic glass of the
1. Amount of pane separation; same thickness.
2. Lining the reveals;
3. Difference in thickness of panes;
4. Non-parallel panes;
5. Mechanical separation. DOUBLE GLAZING
These effects are not all of the same magnitude, and Sound insulation increases with increase in pane
some are operative only over a narrow band of separation, but, in general, beyond 200mm the
frequencies, whilst others can affect the whole of the incremental increase is small.
frequency range.
dB: SINGLE GLAZED PERFORMANCE:

Mean Centre Frequency of Third Octave Band (100Hz to 3150Hz)
4mm 6mm 6mm 8mm 10mm 12mm 12mm/14mm

LAMINATED LAMINATED
25dB 27dB 29dB 29dB 30dB 31dB 34dB
dB: DOUBLE GLAZED PERFORMANCE:

Mean Centre Frequency of Third Octave Band (100Hz to 3150Hz).
6 x 12 x 6 10 x 12 x 6 nominal laminated x 12 x 4
29dB 31dB 32dB
95
Document F
Ventilation
MEETING THE REQUIREMENTS FOR NEW Purge Ventilation (Opening Windows or Doors)
BUILD DWELLINGS
Purge ventilation provision is required in each
habitable room i.e. Bedrooms and lounges. It should
Trickle Ventilators
also be applied to kitchens and bathrooms where
Dwellings that are designed to be ventilated by the possible.
use of background ventilation and extraction fans can
be constructed as follows:- The required opening area of a window or door is
1) Extract fans to be fitted to all “wet rooms” i.e. relative to the room floor area and is
Kitchens & Bathrooms dictated by it’s opening angle. Windows and doors
opening beyond 300 must achieve 1/20th of the floor
2) The overall background ventilation for the building area. Windows opening less than 300 must achieve
can be taken from the table below, this will be 1/10th of the floor area. Windows fitted with
dependant upon the overall floor area and number restrictors will be limited to less than 300 opening.
of bedrooms..
3) There needs to be a minimum of 5000mm2 If a room contains more than one openable window,
equivalent area in habitable rooms and 2500mm2 the areas of all the parts may be added to achieve the
in non-habitable rooms. required proportion of the floor area. The required
proportion of the floor area is determined by the
opening angle of the largest window in the room.
If other methods of building ventilation are to be
installed, guidance should be sought on how much If a room only contains doors, the areas of all the
trickle ventilation is required in the building as a parts may be added to achieve at least
whole or in individual rooms. 1/20th of the floor area. If a room contains a
combination of doors and windows, the areas of all
the opening parts may be added together to achieve
1/20th of the floor area.
Total Number of bedrooms

Floor
2
Area (m ) 1 2 3 4 5
< 50 25,000 35,000 45,000
50 - 60 25,000 30,000 40,000
60 - 70 30,000 30,000 35,000 45,000 55,000
70 - 80 35,000 35,000 35,000
80 - 90 40,000 40,000 40,000
90 - 100 45,000 45,000 45,000
< 100
2
Add 5,000 for every additional 10m floor area
2
All figures shown are mm EA unless otherwise stated
96
Document F
Ventilation
MEETING THE REQUIREMENTS FOR EXISTING ADDITION OF A CONSERVATORY TO AN

DWELLINGS EXISTING DWELLING
Trickle Ventilators
To comply with Document F, ALL REPLACEMENT
WINDOWS should include trickle ventilators,
alternatively an equivalent background ventilation
opening should be provided in the same room.
In all cases the ventilation opening should not

smaller than was originally provided and should be
controllable.
Where no ventilation opening is provided the

following minimum sizes should be adopted:-
Habitable rooms i.e.

Bedrooms, lounges - 5000mm2 equivalent area.
Wet rooms i.e.

Kitchens, Bathrooms - 2500mm2 equivalent area.
Purge Ventilation (Opening Windows or Doors)

In all cases the opening window sizes or the overall
purge ventilation to any room should not have a (The guidance applies to conservatories
worse level of compliance than before the with a floor area over 30m2)
commencement of work.
Regardless of the ventilation provisions in the
Although not a legal requirement, PROFILE22 existing room follow the guidance in the diagram.
recommend that wherever possible the purge
ventilation rate should achieve at least 1/10th of the
room floor area.
Consideration to Fire Egress, Security, Safety and

Cleaning should be made and wherever
possible meet the relevant Building Regulation
requirement.
97
Document K
Protection from Collision with Open Windows
Provision shall be made to prevent people moving in SATISFYING THE REQUIREMENTS

or about the building from colliding with open Parts of windows, skylights and ventilators that
windows, skylights or ventilators. project either internally or externally more than
about 100mm into spaces which are used by people
PERFORMANCE moving in or about the building should be either:
The safety requirement will be met if windows,

1) Not less than 2m above the ground or floor
skylights, and ventilators can be left open without
when in any fixed position.
danger of people colliding with them. This could be
achieved by either:
2) Marked by a feature such as a barrier or rail
about 1100mm high to prevent people walking
1) Installing windows etc so that projecting into the projecting part (See Diagram 1).
parts are kept away from people moving in
and around the building.
3) Marked by provision of surfaces with strong
tactile differences, or by suitable landscaping
2) By Installing features which guide people features, so that people are guided away from
moving in or about the building away from them (See Diagram 2).
any open window, skylight or ventilator.
Note:- Windows may be limited to the 100mm

opening size by the use of restrictors.
DIAGRAM 1 DIAGRAM 2
MARKING BY BARRIER MARKING BY SURFACE
100mm+ 100mm+
WINDOW WINDOW
BARRIER
If Less Than
2000mm COBBLES, BUSH,
1100 SLIGHT CHANGE
OF LEVEL
EXCEPTIONS
In special cases, such as spaces used only for maintenance purposes, greater care can be expected by those gaining
access and it would be reasonable that less demanding provisions could satisfy the requirements. In area’s which are
used infrequently, provisions such as signs or marking of the projecting part to make it easier to see will satisfy the
requirements.
98
Document K
Protection Against Impact from and Trapping by Doors
1) Provision shall be made to prevent any door or 2) Sliding doors and gates should have a stop or
gate:- other effective means to prevent them coming
a) Which slide or open upwards falling onto any off the end of the track. They should also have a
person; and retaining rail to prevent them falling should the
b) Which is powered, from trapping any person suspension system fail or the rollers leave the
track.
3) Upward opening doors and gates should be fitted
2) Provision shall be made for powered doors and with a device to stop them falling in a way that
gates to be opened in the event of power failure. could cause injury.
4) Power operated doors and gates should have:
3) Provision shall be made to ensure a clear view of a) Safety features to prevent injury to people
the space on either side of a swing door or gate. who are stuck or trapped (such as a
pressure sensitive door edge which
PERFORMANCE operates the power switch).
The safety requirement will be met if measures are b) A readily identifiable and accessible stop
taken to prevent the opening and closing of doors and switch.
gates presenting a safety hazard. c) Provision for manual or automatic opening
in the event of a power failure where and
SATISFYING THE REQUIREMENTS when necessary for health or safety.
Provision of features such as the following will satisfy 5) Thresholds are preferably level or if raised,
the requirement: should have a total height of no more than
1) Unless it can be argued otherwise in the Access 15mm.
Statement, e.g. for reasons of security, door
leaves and side panels wider than 450mm, have (Document M (Revised 2004) Buildings other than
vision panels towards the leading edge of the dwellings).
door whose vertical dimensions include at least
the minimum zone, or zones, of visibility
between 500mm and 1500mm from the floor, if
necessary interrupted between 800mm and
1150mm above the floor, e.g. to accomodate an
intermediate horizontal rail (see Diagram 1).
DIAGRAM 1
DOORS WITH VISION PANELS
1500 1500
1150
Minimum
zones of
visibility 800
500 500
99
Document L (Document J - Scotland)
Thermal Performance
The new revised regulations are effective from 6th NEW BUILD - DWELLINGS
April 2006 and they affect the installation of windows, Within a new build property, compliance is
doors and conservatories. It will continue to be a demonstrated by the total CO2 emmission of a
mandatory requirement for all replacement windows dwelling (Dwelling Emission Rate - (DER)) being no
and doors in England and Wales to demonstrate greater than the predicted Target Emission Rate
energy efficiency. That is achieved by using either one (TER). This basically means that the dwelling and its
of two specific methods; U-Value or Window Energy components are assessed using a procedure that
Rating (WER) to demostrate compliance. looks at all elements including the heat loss through
Document L is a requirement in England and Wales. windows and the heat gained through solar effects. It
Scotland and Northern Ireland have similar is the housebuilder's responsibility to ensure the
regulations. In Scotland the equivalent is the property as a whole complies.
Regulation J and in Northern Ireland it is known as
Part L.
NON-DWELLINGS
Non-dwellings and commercial buildings have to
WINDOWS comply with similar target energy efficient ratings,
Under the new regulations, windows fitted in an whilst considering the floor space in certain
existing dwelling has to achieve a specific energy buildings.
rating known as a U-Value, of 2.0W/m2k or
alternatively they have to achieve a minimal Window
Energy Rating (WER) of 'E' in or to comply. If the
products are being fitted into an extension to a
property they are required to achieve a slightly
different value, either a U-Value of 1.8W/m2k or a
WER of 'D'. Some listed or historic buildings may be
exempt, they need to show an energy saving but in a
way that doesn't affect the character of the building.
DOORS
Doors featuring more than 50% glazing, that are
fitted into a property extension or into an existing
building as a replacement require a U-Value of
2.2W/m2k and all other doors should boast a U-Value
of 3.0W/m2k.
CONSERVATORIES
The requirements for windows in conservatories that
have a floor area greater them 30m2 are identical to
those required of replacement windows, they must
achieve either a U-Value of 2.0W/m2k or a WER of 'E'.
If the floor area within your conservatory less than
30m2, then it is exempt from this requirement.
100
Document M
Wheel Chair Access
ACCESS INTO BUILDINGS

The effective clear width through a single door or one leaf of a double door, is in accordance with that referred to in
table (i) and (ii) below, and the rules for measurement are in accordance with diagram (1) and (2) below. Thresholds
are preferably level or if raised, should have a total height of no more than 15mm. (Document M, Revised 2004).
BUILDINGS OTHER THAN DWELLINGS DWELLINGS

(DOCUMENT M1/M2) (DOCUMENT M1)
Table (i) Minimum effective clear widths Table (ii) Minimum effective clear widths
of doors - Non Dwelling of doors - Dwelling
New Existing
Direction and width
Buildings Buildings
of approach
(mm) (mm)
New Buildings Existing Buildings
Straight-on (without a turn
or oblique approach)
800 750 (mm) (mm)
At right angles to an access route

800 750 775 775
at least 1500mm wide
At right angles to an access route

825 775
at least 1200mm wide
External doors to buildings

1000 775
used by the general public
For specific guidance on the effective clear widths of doors in

sports accommodation, refer to ‘Access for Disabled People’.
DIAGRAM 1 DIAGRAM 2
EFFECTIVE CLEAR WIDTH MEASUREMENT- EFFECTIVE CLEAR WIDTH MEASUREMENT -
NON DWELLING DWELLING
The effective clear width is the width of the opening measured at For dwellings, the clear opening width is taken from the face of the
right angles to the wall in which the door is situated from the door stop on the latch side to the face of the door when open at
outside of the door stop on the door closing side to any obstruction 90°.
on the hinge side, whether this be projecting door opening
furniture, a weather board, the door, or the door stop.
300 minimum
300 minimum unless door
unless door is power
is power operated
operated
Effective clear width

Effective clear width Effective clear width (door stop to sash face)
(door stop to projecting ironmongery) (door stop to door leaf)
101
Document N
Windows - Safe Opening & Closing
SAFE OPENING AND CLOSING OF WINDOWS 2) Where there is an obstruction the control should
Windows, skylights and ventilators which can be be lower, e.g. not more than 1.7m where there is a
opened by people in or about the building shall be so 600mm deep obstruction (including any recess)
constructed or equipped that they may be opened, not more than 900mm high. (See Diagram 1).
closed or adjusted safely. 3) Where controls cannot be positioned within the
safe reach from a permanent stable surface, a
PERFORMANCE safe means of remote operation, such as a
The safety requirement will be met if windows, manual or electrical system should be provided.
skylights, and ventilators which open, can be
operated safely. PREVENTION OF FALLS
Where there is a danger of the operator or other
SATISFYING THE REQUIREMENTS person falling through the window above ground floor
The following notes outline some ways of complying level, suitable opening limiters should be fitted or
with the requirements. guarding should be provided.
LOCATION OF CONTROLS
1) Where controls can be reached without leaning
over an obstruction they should not be more than
1.9m above the floor or other permanent stable
surface provided to give access. Small recesses,
such as window reveals, should be ignored.
DIAGRAM 1
HEIGHT OF WINDOW CONTROLS
Window Control Height
1900mm if 600mm
Unobstructed Deep
or
1700mm if
Obstructed
I ON
900mm
CT
High
RU
ST
OB
FLOOR LEVEL
102
Document N
Windows - Safe Access for Cleaning
SAFE ACCESS FOR CLEANING WINDOWS PERFORMANCE

Provision shall be made for windows or glazed The safety requirement will be met if provision is
surfaces to be safely accessible for cleaning. made for safe means of access for cleaning both
sides of glazed surfaces where there is a danger of
falling more than two metres.
DIAGRAM 1 - SAFE REACHES FOR CLEANING
850mm 850
610mm 1300mm - Arm Pit Height

Not More 1300 1300
Than
1300mm
C) REACH FOR CLEANING

A) DOWNWARDS REACH B) SIDE REACH THROUGH
AN OPEN CASEMENT
THROUGH AN OPEN LIGHT AN OPENING LIGHT
WITH REFLEX HINGES
SATISFYING THE REQUIREMENTS

Where glazed surfaces cannot be cleaned safely by a
person standing on the ground, a floor, or other 5) Provision of suitable anchorage points for safety
permanent stable surface, the requirement should be harnesses or abseiling hooks.
satisfied by provisions such as the following:
6) Only in circumstances where other means cannot
be used, space for scaffolding towers should be
1) Provision of windows of a size and design that provided, and located so that glazed surfaces can
allow the outside surface to be cleaned safely be cleaned.
from inside the building (see Diagram 1). Windows
which reverse for cleaning should be fitted with a DIAGRAM 2
LADDERS NOT MORE THAN 6m LONG
mechanism which holds the window in the
reversed position. Additional guidance is given in
Window
BS 8213: Part 1 Windows, doors and rooflights. Special safety features are not
necessary if the ladder is not
Not M
2) Provision of an adequate area of firm level over 6m long.

ore T
surface, in a safe place, to allow use of portable

han 6
ladders not more than 9m long (measured from

m
the ground to the upper support). Where ladders

up to 6m long will be used, normal soil will Normal Soil
provide a suitable standing surface (see Diagram
2); Where ladders over 6m long will be used DIAGRAM 3
suitable tying or fixing points should be provided LADDERS NOT MORE THAN 9m LONG
(see Diagram 3).
Anchorage for sliding
3) Provision of walkways at least 400mm wide, safety harness
either with guarding at least 1100mm high, or Window
Eyebolt fixing for rope to
Not M
with anchorages for sliding safety harnesses (see secure ladder
Diagram 3). 400mm minimum

ore T
catwalk width.
han 9
4) Provision for access equipment such as Firm level surface

m
suspended cradles or travelling ladders, with away from traffic.

attachments for safety harnesses. Adequate area of firm level surface
103
Document N
Use of Safety Glass
The following locations may be considered 'critical' in

terms of safety;
1) Between finished floor level and 800mm above
that level in internal and external walls and
partitions (see diagram).
2) Between finished floor level and 1500mm above
that level in a door or in a side panel (see
diagram).
3) Area’s of high public traffic, these may include:
A) Corridors and assembly area’s.
B) Any area where children gather or play.
C) Vulnerable situations e.g. Landings, balconies,
stairways and at the bottom of stairs.
4) Buildings or part of buildings where the planned
activity generates a special risk.
DOORS & SIDE PANELS, SCREENS
WINDOWS
1500
800 800 800

FLOOR LEVEL*
300 300
Satisfying the Requirements

GLAZING IN DOORS GLAZING ADJACENT TO DOORS
Glazing in doors which is wholly or partially within Glazing which is wholly or partially within 300mm of
1500mm from floor level shall be: Minimum Class C the edge of a door and which is wholly or partially
to BS 6206 and marked accordingly. If the smaller within 1500mm from floor level shall be: Minimum
dimension of the pane is greater than 900mm it shall Class C to BS 6206 and marked accordingly. If the
be: Minimum Class B to BS 6206 and marked smaller dimension of the pane is greater than
accordingly. 900mm it shall be: Minimum Class B to BS 6206 and
marked accordingly.
LOW LEVEL GLAZING
Glazing which is wholly or partially within 800mm of
the floor level shall be: Minimum Class C to BS 6206 Note:- Floor level includes areas above ground level
and marked accordingly. 900mm it shall be: regularly stood on i.e. baths.
Minimum Class B to BS 6206 and marked
accordingly.
104
High Glass
Performance
Curtain Wall System
105
Glass
Maximum Glass Sizes
PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS GLASS
CLEAR GLASS SAFETY GLASS

(Annealed, Toughened or Laminated) is obtainable in All glazing must conform to BS6262 'British Standard
very large sizes, but the maximum width or height Code of Practice for GLAZING for BUILDINGS'.
should not exceed 2500mm.
The maximum glass area is dependent on the The following basic information on safety glazing is
provided for general guidance only.
type of glazing and the situation of the
installation:- Annealed Glass = Float, polished plate
and patterned glass.
The table below is extracted from BS6262 and is
Safety Glass = Toughened or laminated glass.
based on a Design Wind Pressure of 1200 pa
GLAZING OPTIONS
THICKNESS ANNEALED LAMINATED TOUGHENED
4mm 2m² N/A 3m²
6mm 5m² 4.5m² 7m²
4+4 4m² N/A 6m²
6+6 10m² 9m² 7m²
PATTERNED GLASS
Should not exceed a maximum size of 1320mm x
2140mm
Glass Weight
Single Glaze 4mm thick = 10 Kg/m²
6mm thick = 15 Kg/m²
Double Glaze 4-16-4 = 20 Kg/m²

4-20-4 = 20 Kg/m²
6-12-6 = 30 Kg/m²
HANDLING
It should be noted that large units are more prone to
damage, due to the difficulty of handling and access
limitations (size and weight), probably requiring
additional personnel, both in factory and on site.
106
Glass
Safety Glass & Safe Breakage
TOUGHENED GLASS is produced by subjecting The information provided is the minimum standard
annealed glass to a process of heating and rapid recommended, based on a domestic situation where
cooling which can increase its strength to four or five few people use the area. These standards are not
times that of annealed glass. However, the wind applicable for public or commercial buildings. When
loading (deflection) will be identical to that of choosing the glazing of risk areas, the following
annealed glass. criteria should be considered. These include the type
It should be pointed out that toughened glass is a of people using the building and its function. For
finished product, and as such cannot be cut or example, special consideration should be given to
drilled. All such work on the glass must be carried areas where young children play or where elderly or
out prior to toughening. infirm people could fall against a window (landing,
bottom of stairs etc). Under these circumstances
On fracturing, toughened glass will disintegrate into safety glass should be specified.
small particles which are unlikely to cause cutting
and piercing injuries, which could occur with Where safety glass is required, it is recommended that
toughened glass is used as the standard safety glass
fractured annealed glass.
and laminated glass only supplied when specified.
If any doubt is experienced when considering glass
LAMINATED GLASS is produced by combining two or choice for a particular application, you are strongly
more panes of glass with layers of polyvinylbutyral advised to seek advice from your glass supplier.
(p.v.b.), or with resin interlayers.
The performance varies with the number and types
of glass and interlayers to achieve safety, security,
bullet, blast and fire resistance etc.
Safe Breakage
Laminated glass can be cut to size and supplied Safe breakage is defined in:-
from stock by the supplier. BS 6206: 1981 Specification for impact performance
When fractured, the pieces of glass are held together requirements for flat safety glass and safety plastics
by the interlayers and the danger of injuries are for use in buildings: clause 5.3
minimised. And is based on an impact test which requires the
result of the impact to be limited to creating:
WINDOWS 1) Small clear opening only, with a limit to the size of
Safety glass must be used for glazing windows that the detached particles.
are wholly or partially within 800mm from floor level 2) Disintegration with small detached particles.
and other risk areas, such as stairways and landings
etc. 3) Breakage resulting in separate pieces that are not
sharp or pointed.
In domestic applications, provided the area of the
double glazed unit does not exceed 2.5m², then
annealed glass may be used. If the area of the glass
exceeds 2.5m² then safety glass must be specified.
DOORS
It is recommended that safety glass, either
toughened or laminated, is used in Residential and
Patio doors and side panels.
107
Glass
Impact Performance & Breakage Characteristics
Impact Performance Breakage Characteristics

Glass and plastic materials, which are intended for To agssist designers and specifiers in selecting the
use as safety glazing materials in critical locations in most appropriate glazing, the breakage
buildings where human impact can occur, should be characteristics of the following materials are
classified according to their performance when described.
subjected to a series of pendulum tests. ANNEALED GLASS
Annealed glass is the basic glass (e.g. float,
The impact test utilises a lead shot-filled leather bag
patterned) from which the other glasses referred to
weighing 45kg dropped like a pendulum from
in this annex are processed. If the annealed glass is
different heights.
broken and pieces are displaced, the resulting glass
Details of the impact tests are given in BS 6206: 1981 edges will be sharp.
'Specification for Impact Performance Requirements
for Flat Safety Glass and Safety Plastics for use in WIRED GLASS
buildings'. If wired glass is broken and the pieces are held
together by wires, penetration is unlikely. However, if
the wires are broken and the material is penetrated,
There are three safety glazing classifications: A (the the resulting glass edges will be sharp.
highest), B, and C (the lowest).
LAMINATED GLASS
· Toughened Glass would always obtain a Class A The breakage characteristics will be similar to those
classification. of the types of glass used in its construction, but the
· Laminated Glass with a PVB (polyvinylbutyral) or pieces will remain substantially adhered to the
CIP (cast-in-place) interlayer would normally interlayer. Depending on the type and thickness of
achieve at least a Class B classification depending the interlayer, the broken glass is unlikely to be
on the glass and interlayer thickness. penetrated.
· Wired glass such obtain a Class C classification. TOUGHENED (TEMPERED ) GLASS

Thermally toughened soda-lime glass is difficult to
break, but if broken it fragments into small, relatively
Glasses meeting these requirements and intended harmless pieces.
for use as safety glasses must be permanently
marked as conforming to BS 6206. HEAT STRENGTHENED GLASS
If heat strengthened glass is broken the resulting
Please contact your glass supplier for clarification of edges will be sharp.
glass classification
PLASTICS COVERED ANNEALED GLASS
This is annealed glass covered with specially
formulated organic materials (e.g. thin applied films)
intended to hold the glass together after breakage. If
broken it will be difficult to penetrate provided that
the covering is applied in accordance with the
manufacturer's recommendations.
IF IN DOUBT, CONTACT YOUR GLASS SUPPLIER FOR

ADVICE AND GUIDANCE ON ALL ASPECTS OF GLASS
AND GLAZING.
108
Glass
Manifestation of Glazing & Exceptions
Manifestation of Glazing Exceptions

Large areas of transparent glazing used to subdivide There are some exceptions to the requirements for
a building may not be immediately apparent, safety glass, these are based on the robustness of
particularly under certain lighting conditions. People annealed glass:
in passage in or about the building may not be aware 1) Panes having the smaller dimension less than
of the glazing and may collide with it. The glazed 250mm and of area less than 0.5m2 may be
areas referred to include large uninterrupted areas minimum 6mm thick glass not complying with
of transparent glazing which form, or are part of, the BS 6206.
internal or external walls and doors of shops,
showrooms, offices, public and other non-domestic 2) Panes forming parts of fronts (but not other
buildings. locations) to shops, showrooms, offices,
factories and public buildings, supported on all
Permanent manifestation is only required when other edges, may be of equivalent robustness not
means of indicating the presence of the glazing are complying with BS 6206. Annealed glass size
not present. limitations are as follows:
When manifestation is required it should be of a 8mm glass must not exceed 1100 x 1100mm.
sufficient size to be immediately obvious and should 10mm glass must not exceed 2250 x 2250mm.
be positioned between 600 and1500mm above floor 12mm glass must not exceed 3000 x 4500mm.
level and preferably be permanent and durable. 15mm glass (and thicker) no limit.
109
Glass
Glass Packing
Most types of glazing may be specified for GLASS PACKING

PROFILE22 windows and doors. Except for casement For perfect functioning of a window or door the
windows the glass and glazing beads will generally correct procedures have to be observed. The glass
be fitted on the room side for ease of installation and must be carefully packed in the frame with dedicated
security. Casement windows, however, may be bridging packers (Part number 1976/7876) and
specified with either external or internal beads. glazing packers (Part number 3321-3335). The
Where external glazing beads are specified, usually diagrams below show the correct locations for the
for reasons of aesthetics, in ground floor or positioning the packers in various types of frame.
accessible locations, additional glazing security
should be specified in the form of security beads or
security glazing clips.
Most windows and doors have either 24mm or 28mm
glazing, but other thicknesses can be
accommodated.
Tilt / Turn
Fixed Side Hung
Turn / Tilt
Top Hung
Fully Reversible
Top Hung
Tilt Horizontal Vertical

Pivot Pivot
~150 mm
Glazing Packers (including Bridging Packers)

Vertical
Slider Glazing Bridging Packer (1976 (60), 7876 (70))
Horizontal ALL GLAZING MUST CONFORM TO BS 6262

Slider
110
Maximum Size Limits

High Performance
Curtain Wall System
111
Maximum Size Limits
Window Sash
PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS MAXIMUM SIZE LIMITS
MAXIMUM & MINIMUM SASH SIZES
MIN. SASH SIZE (mm) MAX. SASH SIZE (mm)

STYLE LOCKING REMARKS
WIDTH HEIGHT WIDTH HEIGHT
OFFSET ESPAG. 88030 + 88060 only 485 276 1235 1235

TOP HUNG
GEARBOX ESPAG. 220 276 1235 1235
H
SHOOTBOLT (MK I) 355 316 1235 1235

W
SHOOTBOLT (MK II) 435 316 1235 1235
SIDE HUNG OFFSET ESPAG. 88030 + 88060 only 376 485 735 1335
GEARBOX ESPAG. 376 220 735 1335

H
SHOOTBOLT (MK I) 416 355 735 1335
W
SHOOTBOLT (MK II) 416 435 735 1335
TILT BEFORE TURN

TBT MECHANISM TBT frame width
330 520 1530 2250
must not exceed
H 1.5 x height
& sash weight
must not exceed
PZ LOCKING TBT 330 1760 1530 2190
W 100Kgs.
HORIZONTAL PIVOT
H MULTI-POINT AT HEAD & CILL 755 835 1500 1500

ESPAG.
FULLY REVERSIBLE
SPILKA HINGES 400 286 1500 1386
H GEARBOX ESPAG. PN HINGES 400 502 1500 1386
YALE HINGES 400 284 1500 1386

W (GRORUD)
NOTE:- For recommended Egress sizes for replacement windows, refer to Where units specified use thicker glass the additional weight will affect the
the Building Regulations section, Document B in this guide. recommended maximum size.
The maximum sash sizes are based upon standard hardware, with standard *WEIGHT CAPACITY
double glazed sealed units using a combination of 4mm or 6mm glass. Maximum height and width in certain circumstances may exceed the friction
hinge weight capacity. Please refer to our Technical Department for advice.
112
Maximum Size Limits
Window Outer Frame & Winfit2 Sub Frame
MINIMUM & MAXIMUM OUTER FRAME SIZES
OUTER FRAME MIN. FRAME SIZE (mm) MAX. FRAME SIZE (mm)
STYLE REMARKS
PROFILE WIDTH HEIGHT WIDTH HEIGHT
88010
22810
77010 220 220 2500 2500
77810
70010
FIXED LIGHT
H 22990
77070 250 250 3000 3000
70070
W
22470 280 280 3030 3030
MINIMUM & MAXIMUM WINDOW WINFIT 2 SUB FRAME SIZES
WINFIT 2 SUBFRAME SIZES* (mm)

UNIT MIN. WIDTH MIN. HEIGHT MAX. WIDTH MAX. HEIGHT
W
PVC-U
SUBFRAME
TYPICAL
PVC-U
H WINDOW 300 400 2400 2400
* Denotes:- Subframe Size = Brick to Brick
113
Maximum Size Limits
Doors Leaf & Slim French Door Leaf
MINIMUM & MAXIMUM DOOR LEAF SIZES
MIN. LEAF SIZE (mm) MAX. LEAF SIZE (mm)

SINGLE DOOR 1
SAFEWARE 3+ 619* 1835 919 2151
PVC-U LEAF
H PROFILE*3
22730, 22740,
SAFEWARE 7 77730, 77740,
W 70300, 70350
& 619*1 1835 919 2151
SAFEWARE 7+
DOUBLE DOOR
SAFEWARE 3+ 457*2 1835 919 2151
PVC-U LEAF
H PROFILE*3
22730, 22740,
SAFEWARE 7 77730, 77740,
W W & 70300, 70350 457*2 1835 919 2151
SAFEWARE 7+
*1 Note:- This dimension is a practical minimum, but may be reduced at the discretion of the fabricator
*2 Note:- On minimal double door outerframe widths (1000-1400mm) fabricators should be aware of the aesthetic affect of the small glass
area and large profile mass
*3 Note:- For all composite leaf min/max sizes please refer to the composite door leaf manufacturer.
MINIMUM & MAXIMUM SLIM FRENCH DOOR LEAF SIZES
MIN. LEAF SIZE (mm) MAX. LEAF SIZE (mm)

PVC-U LEAF
H HOOKBOLT 406 1890 856 2100
PROFILE
22610 Only
W W
114
Maximum Size Limits
Patio Door Sizes
PATIO DOOR SIZES
OUTERFRAME SIZES LEAF SIZES

O/FRAME
STYLE PROFILE MINIMUM MAXIMUM MINIMUM MAXIMUM
WIDTH HEIGHT WIDTH HEIGHT WIDTH HEIGHT WIDTH HEIGHT
TILT & SLIDE 22990

77070 1475 1763 3000 2500 760 1660 1523 2397
70070
22470 1505 1773 3000 2500 760 1660 1508 2387
TILT AND SLIDE PATIO DOOR

L or R Hand Leaf
TILT & SLIDE 22990

77070 2107 1763 4000 2500 760 1660 1391 2397
70070
22470 2137 1773 4000 2500 760 1660 1381 2387

Central Leaf (L or R Sliding)
TILT & SLIDE 22990

77070 2269 1763 4000 2500 760 1660 1337 2397
70070
2299 1773 4000 2500 760 1660 1327 2387

Twin Sliding Leaves
Note 1. TILT & SLIDE. Frame sizes include 2226, 7726 Add-on profile at Cill (77070, 22990, 70070)
Note 2. TILT & SLIDE. Maximum Leaf weight = 150 Kgs.
IN-LINE SLIDER
o x 1574 2046 3004 2360 785 1960 1500 2274

x o
IN-LINE SLIDER
INLINE SLIDING PATIO DOOR
o x o
2370 2046 4515 2360 785 1960 1500 2274
IN-LINE SLIDER
x o x 2286 2046 4431 2360 785 1960 1500 2274
IN-LINE SLIDER
3076 2046 5936 2360 785 1960 1500 2274

o x x o
115
Maximum Size Limits
Notes, Multi-lights & Reinforcements
Notes BS KITEMARK COMPLIANCE

The dimensions stated on the charts on the previous The reader should be aware that the manufacture of
pages, are the recommended Minimum/Maximum a product within the maximum overall sizes stated,
sizes for the relevant product. If windows/doors are and reinforced where required with the
required to be fabricated outside of these limits, recommended steels, does not signify that the
please consult the Technical Department. product automatically complies with BS Kitemark
provisions.
RULES FOR COMPOSITE WINDOWS
1. Any opening or fixed light in a frame must To conform to BS Kitemark requirements the
conform to the sizes stated in the charts on the following criteria must be met.
previous pages.
a. The manufacturing company must be approved to
2. On crucifix frames with mullions and transoms BS EN ISO 9000-2000, or alternatively operate a
that span the total width and height, the smallest system which conforms to those standards.
dimension (width or height) must be reinforced
continuously to achieve optimum performance. b. The product must be fitted with a sealed unit
manufactured to BS EN 1279 (Formerly BS 5713)
and manufactured with current legislation.
c. The quality of hardware, weatherseals and

Multi-lights & gaskets fitted, must conform to approved levels,
Reinforcements using parts as recommended by PROFILE 22.
The following charts indicates the recommended d. The product must not exceed the maximum
maximum white profile overall sizes for multilight overall sizes for stated profiles.
frames (Open-out and TBT Windows), together with
their appropriate steel reinforcement. e. Where required, the profiles must be reinforced
with the recommended steels.
Where applicable, the maximum overall sizes with
their relevant steels are indicated to conform to the
British Standards Kitemark (BS7412). If the reader is in any doubt regarding conformity
If BS categories are required, the reader is with BS Kitemark requirements, they are invited to
recommended to note carefully the spans and steels contact the Technical Department for advice.
stated adjacent to the kitemark symbols. The information on the following page applies to
white profile only. If surface coated (woodgrain)
profile is required all members must be reinforced
with the recommended steel, regardless of length.
Note that the specification values stated are subject
to change without notice.
The above information is provided for general
guidance only.
Note:- ‘Span' indicates the maximum overall

dimension over the outerframe. For
'Mullions' & 'Transoms' the 'Span' includes
the frame section adjacent to each end of the
member.
116
Product Characteristics
Multi-light Frames (Open-out & TBT Windows) 60mm Systems
REINFORCE
USING PROFILE MAXIMUM PROFILE SPANS WITH STEEL REMARKS
2500 Max.
ONLY IF SPECIFIED
88010* WIDTH or HEIGHT 7883or7882
2500 Max.
OUTER 22810* WIDTH or HEIGHT 2482or2483
WHITE ONLY
FRAME 3000 Max. 2243/2491
22990 WIDTH or HEIGHT or2249
3030 Max. 2243/2491
0 1000 2000 3000 4000

LENGTH IN MM'S
REINFORCE
USING PROFILE MAXIMUM PROFILE SPANS WITH STEEL REMARKS
1600 MAX. NO KITEMARK
BS7412 KITEMARK
2400pa
1100 MAX. CATEGORY
TO ACHIEVE
7883
1600pa
1200 MAX. CATEGORY
22020* 1200pa
1450 MAX. CATEGORY
or
22040* 1850 MAX. NO KITEMARK
BS7412 KITEMARK
2400pa
1250 MAX. CATEGORY
TO ACHIEVE
7882
1600pa
1350 MAX. CATEGORY
1200pa
1500 MAX.
MULLIONS CATEGORY
or
TRANSOMS 2000 MAX. NO KITEMARK
BS7412 KITEMARK
1350 MAX. 2400pa
CATEGORY
TO ACHIEVE
2243
1600pa
1650 MAX. CATEGORY
22720 1200pa
1750 MAX. CATEGORY
or
22750 2400 MAX. NO KITEMARK
BS7412 KITEMARK
1450 MAX. 2400pa
CATEGORY
TO ACHIEVE
2249
1600pa
1700 MAX. CATEGORY
1200pa
1900 MAX. CATEGORY
ANY WHITE UNDER 800

PROFILE NO REINFORCEMENT
0 1000 2000 3000 4000

LENGTH IN MM'S
*Denotes:- Do Not Use With TBT Windows
117
Multi-light Frames (Open-out & TBT Windows) 70mm Systems
USING PROFILE MAXIMUM PROFILE SPANS REINFORCE

WITH STEEL REMARKS
2500 Max.
77010* WIDTH or HEIGHT 7883or7882
ONLY IF SPECIFIED
OUTER 77810* 2500 Max. 7883or7882 WHITE ONLY
FRAME 70010* WIDTH or HEIGHT 2483or2482
77070 3000 Max. 2243/2491
0 1000 2000 3000 4000

LENGTH IN MM'S
USING PROFILE MAXIMUM PROFILE SPANS REINFORCE REMARKS

WITH STEEL
1600 MAX. NO KITEMARK
BS7412 KITEMARK
2400pa
1100 MAX. CATEGORY
TO ACHIEVE
7883
77020* 1200 MAX. 1600pa
CATEGORY
or
77040* 1450 MAX.
1200pa
CATEGORY
70020* 1850 MAX. NO KITEMARK

or
BS7412 KITEMARK
2400pa
70040* 1250 MAX. CATEGORY
TO ACHIEVE
7882
1600pa
1350 MAX. CATEGORY
1200pa
1500 MAX.
MULLIONS CATEGORY
or
TRANSOMS 2000 MAX. NO KITEMARK
BS7412 KITEMARK
2400pa
1350 MAX. CATEGORY
77120
TO ACHIEVE
2243
or 1600pa
1650 MAX. CATEGORY
77130
1200pa
1750 MAX. CATEGORY
70120
or 2400 MAX. NO KITEMARK
70130
BS7412 KITEMARK
2400pa
1450 MAX. CATEGORY
TO ACHIEVE
2249
1600pa
1700 MAX. CATEGORY
1200pa
1900 MAX. CATEGORY
ANY WHITE UNDER 800

PROFILE NO REINFORCEMENT
0 1000 2000 3000 4000

LENGTH IN MM'S
*Denotes:- Do Not Use With TBT Windows
118
Sashes (Open-out Windows & Tilt-Turn Windows)
Sashes Open-out Windows
USING PROFILE MAXIMUM PROFILE SPANS REINFORCE REMARKS

WITH STEEL
735 MAX. WIDTH
88030 2244
88060
1335 MAX. HEIGHT
SASH
SIDE HUNG 22650
22830 735 MAX. WIDTH
BS7412 KITEMARK
22860 2241/2466
22920
TO ACHIEVE
70050 1335 MAX. HEIGHT or 8793
77650
2400pa
CATEGORY
1235 MAX. WIDTH
88030
2244
88060
1235 MAX. HEIGHT
SASH
TOP HUNG
22650
22830 1235 MAX. WIDTH
22860 2241/2466
22920 or 8793
70050 1235 MAX. HEIGHT
77650
ANY WHITE UNDER 800 No reinforcement required for spans
PROFILE NO REINFORCEMENT under 800mm unless specified
0 1000 2000 3000 4000

LENGTH IN MM'S
Sashes Tilt-Turn Windows

REINFORCE
USING PROFILE MAXIMUM PROFILE SPANS WITH STEEL
REMARKS
TO ACHIEVE
KITEMARK
917 MAX. WIDTH

BS7412
2400pa
CATEGORY
22760 1515 MAX. HEIGHT
SASH 70060 2476 /
RECOMMENDED WIDTH
77760 1530 MAX. IF NO 2576
CATEGORY REQUIRED NO
RECOMMENDED HEIGHT KITEMARK
2250 MAX. IF NO
CATEGORY REQUIRED
ANY WHITE UNDER 800 No reinforcement required for spans
PROFILE NO REINFORCEMENT under 800mm unless specified
0 1000 2000 3000 4000

LENGTH IN MM'S
119
HighProduct Care
Performance
Curtain Wall System
120
Product Care
General Maintenance: Open Out Windows
PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS PRODUCT CARE
ALL PRODUCTS OPEN OUT WINDOWS

Maintenance & Lubrication
1. Maintenance & Lubrication

1. Handles
Clean and lightly oil external moving parts To attain optimum performance, the hinges will
annually. require periodical maintenance and lubrication.
2. Cleaning of Frames The hinges, pivots, sliding shoe and track should
To remove atmospheric grime, clean every four be kept free of dirt, debris and obstructions at all
months with soap and water. times. At time of installation, lubricate all pivot
Check drain holes are free from obstruction. If points with light machine oil and wipe away
blocked, remove obstruction and flush through excess. (One drop per pivot is sufficient).
with water to ensure correct drainage. Annually, clean any dirt or debris from the hinges.
3. Mastic Seal Apply lubrication as described above.
Check mastic seal, if any signs of cracking or
Check the tightness and security of all fixing
shrinkage are found, remove and replace with
screws and rivets.
new.
4. Recommended Lubricants 2. Espagnolettes/Shootbolt
Castrol Everyman, E.R. Howard 3 in 1 oil, or Keep sliding mechanisms free from dirt and
equivalent.
lubricate annually.
Use petroleum jelly for all keeps.
To achieve optimum weathering performance,
5. PROFILE 22 Systems has a Service and
adjust the locking cams by using a 4mm Allen key.
Maintenance Booklet available for distribution to
Tenants and Householders, advising full
requirements for Service and Maintenance of
PVC-U Window & Door products.
Product installation should reflect the recommendations laid down in

BS 8213-4:2007 CODE OF PRACTICE FOR THE SURVEY AND INSTALLATION OF WINDOWS AND EXTERNAL DOORSETS
PIVOT POINTS
OPENING RESISTANCE OF WINDOW ADJUSTED BY TIGHTENING/SLACKENING SCREW IN SLIDING SHOE OF FRICTION STAY. ADJUST
BOTH STAYS EQUALLY TO PREVENT DAMAGE.
121
Product Care
General Maintenance: Tilt-Turn Windows
1. Maintenance & Lubrication

To attain optimum performance, hinges and
locking points should be kept free from dirt and
will require annual lubrication.
2. Adjustment
The casement may be adjusted as follows:-
A. Open casement to expose adjusting screw on
end of scissor for horizontal adjustment at top,
using 4mm Allen key.
B. Adjust bottom horizontally, using 4mm Allen
key to adjust floating hinge pin.
C. Adjust vertically using 4mm Allen key on
vertical screw in Bottom Hinge.
Top Hinge
Locking cams located

around the perimeter
of casement
CAM ADJUSTMENT
Bottom Hinge
CASEMENT ADJUSTMENT
C
C
B
B
122
Product Care
General Maintenance: Top Swing Windows
HORIZONTAL PIVOT WINDOWS

1. Pivot Hinges
ON NO ACCOUNT ARE THE PIVOT UNITS TO HEAD KEEPS
BE LUBRICATED. ESPAGNOLETTE
The friction of the units is adjustable using a

4mm Allen key.
Adjust both pivots equally to prevent damage.

ESPAGNOLETTE
2. Espagnolette
Keep mechanism and keeps free of dirt and CILL KEEPS
lubricate annually.
DO NOT
To achieve optimum weathering performance LUBRICATE
adjust the locking cams by using a 4mm Allen PIVOT POINTS
key.
FULLY REVERSIBLE WINDOWS

1. PIVOT HINGES
VERTICAL TRACKS
The pivots are sealed for life and require no
lubrication.
2. VERTICAL TRACKS
Lubricate with silicone grease annually.

3. ESPAGNOLETTE
ESPAGNOLETTE
Keep mechanism and keeps free of dirt and
lubricate annually.
KEEPS
DO NOT
LUBRICATE
PIVOT POINTS
123
Product Care
General Maintenance: Residential Doors

1. Adjustment of Springlatch & Hookbolts
To achieve optimum weathering and acceptable
handle operation, adjust the striker plates of the
keeps to suit.
2. Adjustment of Springlatch, Centre Deadbolt &
Cams
To achieve optimum weathering and acceptable
handle operation, adjust the centrelock keep to
suit. The roller cams may be adjusted by using a
flat bladed screwdriver or a 4mm Allen key.
3. Springlatch, Deadbolts, Cams & Keeps
Clean and lightly grease external moving parts
and frame keeps annually
4. Hinges
Clean and lightly oil hinge pins annually.
5. Letterbox
Lightly oil springs on inside and outside flap
annually.
6. Cylinder
DO NOT ATTEMPT TO LUBRICATE LOCKING
CYLINDER
TOP TOP SHOOTBOLT

SHOOTBOLT KEEP
ROLLER
CAMS
TOP
HOOKBOLT
KEEP
ONE
LATCHLOCK CENTRE LATCHLOCK PIECE KEEP
KEEP
HOOKBOLT BOTTOM HOOKBOLT

HOOKBOLT
KEEP
ROLLER
CAMS
BOTTOM
SHOOTBOLT BOTTOM SHOOTBOLT
KEEP
124
3 Reference
Product Charts
125
THE BEST WINDOWS ARE MADE FROM
FC60 Profile Chart
52 59 67 80 20
2279
OUTERFRAMES
Use with End Caps 2280
30
Reinforcement for
60
60
60
60
60
2211, 2217, 2219, 2279 & 2288
46.5
2499
85
88010 22810 22990 22470
23.5
Fixing Cleat
2211
1867
34.5 17.5 41.5 17.5 49.5 17.5 62.5 17.5
2226 Use with End Caps 2216
30
35
DUMMY TRANSOM
65 85 115
65
ADD-ONS
125
60
2217
60
60
60
MULLIONS/TRANSOMS
60
22020 22720 22480 22020 2227
30
30 17.5 50 17.5 80 17.5
30 17.5
50 155
47.5 67.5 17.5 97.5
2219
60
CILLS
A....D = ANTIQUE OAK ON DECOR
FOILS
60
60
60
30
1801 R....D = ROSEWOOD ON DECOR
A....W = ANTIQUE ON WHITE
R....W = ROSEWOOD ON WHITE
47.5 17.5
22040 67.5 17.5
22750 95 20
22730 2263 180
2288
30
39.5 39.5 52.5 52.5 70 70 54 20
SASHES
225
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
1812
90° Angle Cill Joint Moulding
88030 88060 22830 22860 17.5 35 17.5
22650 17.5 35 17.5
22920 17.5 56.5
22760 for 2217 155mm Cill
39.5 17.5 39.5 17.5 52.5 17.5 52.5 17.5
1818
In-line Cill Joint Moulding
for 2217 155mm Cill
DOOR PROFILES
115 20 36
20 69 20 95 115 4.5
1813
60
60
60
60
60
RCM for 2217 155mm Cill
99310
22610 22730 22740 22480
Use with End
Caps 9937
1819
71.5 17.5 97.5 17.5 20 77.5 17.5 80 17.5 66.5
for 2219 180mm Cill
FULLY CHAMFERED 60mm

THRESHOLDS
TIE-BARS
2082 2082
2082
2081 2081
2081
23
23
15
2080 L2901 2902

22020 22720 22480 LOW THRESHOLD MEDIUM THRESHOLD MEDIUM THRESHOLD
KM12895 KM33523 KM56791 KM56791
(Aluminium) (PVC-U Option) (Aluminium Option) FM09180 BS EN 12608 BS7950/BSEN12608 PAS24-1/BSEN12608 PAS23-1/BSEN12608
Use with End Cleats 2617 or 2079 PROFILE ENHANCED SECURITY ENHANCED SECURITY DOOR
Use with End Cleats 2617 or 2079 Use with End Cleats 2617 or 2079 BS EN ISO 9001
WINDOWS DOORS ASSEMBLIES
18.1 18.1 18.1 16.1 13.5 14.0

BEADS
14.0 13.5 36.0

SEALS
2348/ 2358/ 2369/ 2375/ 2385/ 2389/

17.5
17.5
17.5
17.5
17.5
17.5
17.5
17.5
17.5
2338 2348W 2358W 2357 2369W 2375W 2385W 2389W 2229 18370 1827 1841 1825 1829 1820
126
NB: ‘W’ suffix on beads denotes white gasket
Note:- This chart is for identification purposes only and should not be used as the source for Technical reference.
All information in this publication is provided for guidance only and is given in good faith. As it is company
All profile dimensions are Nominal. DO NOT SCALE

policy to continually improve products, methods and materials, changes of specification may be made from
time to time without prior notice. This statement does not affect your statutory rights. © PROFILE22
PROFILE 22 SYSTEMS, Stafford Park 6, Telford, Shropshire, TF3 3AT Tel: 01952 290910 Fax: 01952 290460 Website: www.profile22.co.uk
TD-10-0001-1-0\06-08 Product Catalogue
FI70 Profile Chart
59 20
52 67
OUTERFRAMES
7779
70
70
70
70
30
77010 77810 77070 Fixing Cleat
1867
85
7726
34.5 17.5 41.5 17.5 49.5 17.5
7717
85 115
DUMMY TRANSOM
65
65
30
ADD-ONS
70
MULLIONS/TRANSOMS
155
70
70
70
60
7719
77020 77120 77320 22020 7727

30 17.5 50 17.5 80 17.5 30 17.5
30
50
47.5 67.5 97.5
180
70
CILLS
FOILS
70
70
70
R....D = ROSEWOOD ON DECOR
A....W = ANTIQUE ON WHITE Reinforcement for
R....W = ROSEWOOD ON WHITE 7779, 7717 & 7719
77040 77130 77330

46.5
47.5 17.5 67.5 17.5 97.5 17.5 7763
23.5
39.5 39.5 52.5 52.5 70 70 54 20
SASHES
1812
60
60
60
60
60
60
60

for 7717 155mm Cill
88030 88060 22830 22860 22650 22920 22760

1818
39.5 17.5 39.5 17.5 52.5 17.5 52.5 17.5 17.5 35 17.5 17.5 35 17.5 17.5 56.5

for 7717 155mm Cill
DOOR PROFILES
115 20 36
20 69 20 95 115 4.5
1813
for 7717 155mm Cill
60
60
60
60
60
RCM
99310 1819
71.5 17.5
22610 97.5 17.5
22730 20 77.5 17.5
22740 22480
Use with End
Caps 9937
for 7719 180mm Cill
80 17.5 66.5
FULLY INTEGRATED 70mm

THRESHOLDS
TIE-BARS
2082 2082
2082
2081 2081
2081
23
23
15
22020/ 22720/ 22480/ 2080 L2901 2902

77020 77120 77320 LOW THRESHOLD MEDIUM THRESHOLD MEDIUM THRESHOLD
KM12895 KM33523 KM56791 KM56791
(Aluminium) (PVC-U Option) (Aluminium Option) FM09180 BS EN 12608 BS7950/BSEN12608 PAS24-1/BSEN12608 PAS23-1/BSEN12608
Use with End Cleats 2617 or 2079 PROFILE ENHANCED SECURITY ENHANCED SECURITY DOOR
Use with End Cleats 2617 or 2079 Use with End Cleats 2617 or 2079 BS EN ISO 9001
18.1 18.1 18.1 16.1 13.5 14.0

BEADS
14.0 13.5 36.0

SEALS
2348/ 2358/ 2369/ 2375/ 2385/ 2389/

17.5
17.5
17.5
17.5
17.5
17.5
17.5
17.5
17.5
2338 2348W 2358W 2357 2369W 2375W 2385W 2389W 2229 18370 1827 1841 1825 1829 1820
127
NB: ‘W’ suffix on beads denotes white gasket

TD-10-0002-1-0\06-08
FB70 Profile Chart
59 67 20
52
OUTERFRAMES
7779
70
70
70
70
30
77010 77810 77070 Fixing Cleat
1867
85
7726
34.5 17.5 41.5 17.5 49.5 17.5
7717
85 115
DUMMY TRANSOM
65
30
65
ADD-ONS
70
MULLIONS/TRANSOMS
155
70
70
70
70
7719
77020 77120 77320 7727

30 17.5 50 17.5 80 17.5
77020
30
30 17.5
50
47.5 67.5 97.5
180
70
CILLS
FOILS
70
70
70
77040 77130 77330

46.5
47.5 17.5 67.5 17.5 97.5 17.5 7763
23.5
70 20 60
SASHES
1812
70
70

for 7717 155mm Cill
17.5 35 17.5
77650 62.5 17.5
77760 1818
for 7717 155mm Cill
20 92 112 115
DOOR PROFILES
20 36
4.5
1813
for 7717 155mm Cill
70
70
70
60
RCM
99310 1819
Use with End
17.5
77730 20 74.5 17.5
77740 80 17.5
77320 66.5
Caps 9937
for 7719 180mm Cill
94.5
FULLY BEVELLED 70mm

THRESHOLDS
TIE-BARS
2082 2082
2081 2081
2082
2081
23
23
15
2080 L2901 2902

77020 77120 77320 LOW THRESHOLD MEDIUM THRESHOLD MEDIUM THRESHOLD KM12895 KM33523 KM56791 KM56791
(Aluminium) (PVC-U Option) (Aluminium Option) FM09180 BS EN 12608
PROFILE
BS7950/BSEN12608
ENHANCED SECURITY
PAS24-1/BSEN12608
ENHANCED SECURITY
PAS23-1/BSEN12608
DOOR
BS EN ISO 9001
Use with End Cleats 2617 or 2079 Use with End Cleats 2617 or 2079 Use with End Cleats 2617 or 2079 WINDOWS DOORS ASSEMBLIES
BEADS
SEALS
13.5
17.5
2369/2369W 128
NB: ‘W’ suffix on bead denotes white gasket 18370 1827 1841

TD-10-0003-1-0\06-08
FS70 Profile Chart
20
59 67
OUTERFRAMES
7779
70
70
70
30
Fixing Cleat
70010 70070 1867
85
41.5 17.5 49.5 17.5 7726

7717
DUMMY TRANSOM
65 85 115 65
30
ADD-ONS
70
MULLIONS/TRANSOMS
155
70
70
70
70
7719
70020 50 17.5
70120 80 17.5
70320 70020 7727
30 17.5
30
30 17.5
50
47.5 67.5 97.5
180
70
CILLS
FOILS
70
70
70

70040 70130 70330

46.5
47.5 17.5 67.5 17.5 97.5 17.5 7763
23.5
70 20 60
SASHES
1812
70
70

for 7717 155mm Cill
17.5 35 17.5
70050 17.5
70060 1818
62.5
for 7717 155mm Cill
20 92 112 115
DOOR PROFILES
20 36
4.5
1813
for 7717 155mm Cill
70
70
60
70
99310 1819
Use with End In-line Cill Joint Moulding
94.5 17.5
70300 20 74.5 17.5
70350 80 17.5
70320 66.5
Caps 9937 for 7719 180mm Cill
FULLY SCULPTURED 70mm

THRESHOLDS
TIE-BARS
2082 2082
2081 2081
2082
2081
23
23
15
2080 L2901 2902

70020 70120 70320 LOW THRESHOLD MEDIUM THRESHOLD MEDIUM THRESHOLD KM12895 KM33523 KM56791 KM56791
(Aluminium) (PVC-U Option) (Aluminium Option) FM09180 BS EN 12608
PROFILE
BS7950/BSEN12608
ENHANCED SECURITY
PAS24-1/BSEN12608
ENHANCED SECURITY
PAS23-1/BSEN12608
DOOR
BS EN ISO 9001
Use with End Cleats 2617 or 2079 Use with End Cleats 2617 or 2079 Use with End Cleats 2617 or 2079 WINDOWS DOORS ASSEMBLIES
BEADS
SEALS
13.5
129
17.5
2389/2389W
NB: ‘W’ suffix on bead denotes white gasket 18370 1827 1841

TD-10-0004-1-0\06-08
Ancillary Chart
29
15
3 29 44
3830
11.6
1715
10
19
15
3
60.5
61
98.5
60.5
70.7
84.5
18
69
66
16.7
3831
2296 2225
1612 1801 1828
9.5
FILLETS
8.9
17
2234 45
7745 1300 15.6
13.7
Use with End caps 1802

45
75
62
1977
COUPLINGS
48.5
39
8
62
47.5
58.5
60
75
67
60
62.5
2210 2269
7768 2268 7769
2239
7739
HERITAGE HORN KIT
PRE-PREPARED SASH
94.6 95 94.6 95
20465 20475 20465 20475

20445 135 O
20455 150
O
2051 135 2052 150

54
54
O O
63.7
62.3
60mm FRAMES 60mm FRAMES
STYLE COMPONENTS
70mm FRAMES 70mm FRAMES
20485 20485
20485 20485
P8408
HERITAGE HORN
25.3 24.5
3 FASTEN-ON TYPE
2290
THRESHOLD TRIMS
50.3
8
16.8
2.5
1992
37.5
35.8
25
20
1985
24.5
20 74.3 C7866 C7864 C7064
2.5
1993
2223
8
1.4 45
99.5
36.7 23.5 8412
2.5
1995
7
L2278
9.3
31.8
NOTE : HORNS ONLY AVAILABLE ON 60mm SASHES

2087
3850
2291
FINISHERS
THRESHOLD IN-FILL
8
31.8
70
6 250
2
4
2295
8
2221 1142
23
36
95
DRIP BARS

65 2 35.8
25
80
2024
23.5
20
1999 Use with End
1049
Caps 2036 KM12895 KM33523 KM56791 KM56791
BS7950/BSEN12608 PAS24-1/BSEN12608
17.5
BS EN 12608 PAS23-1/BSEN12608
2222
Screws P2026 FM09180
1013
10
ENHANCED SECURITY ENHANCED SECURITY

33.6
BS EN ISO 9001 PROFILE DOOR

8.5
15
100
8401 17.5
24.3
130

TD-10-0005-1-0\06-08
FR70 Fully Reversible Chart
45 20 100 7779
30
70
70
85
FULLY REVERSIBLE PROFILES
2761 2762 7717

65 60 20 Use with End Caps 2218
30
70
155
33
CILLS
7719
70
70
30
2764 2765
80 20 20
180
Reinforcement for
BEADS & GASKETS
26.5 17 7779, 7717 & 7719 FULLY REFERSIBLE 70mm

DRIP BAR
46.5
9.5
20
23.5
2379 1838 1822E 2766
KM12895 KM33523 KM56791 KM56791
FM09180 BS EN 12608 BS7950/BSEN12608 PAS24-1/BSEN12608 PAS23-1/BSEN12608
BS EN ISO 9001 PROFILE ENHANCED SECURITY ENHANCED SECURITY DOOR
131

TD-10-0006-1-0\06-08
CD60 & CD70 Composite Door Chart
60mm PROFILES 70mm PROFILES

MAIN FRAMES MAIN FRAMES GLAZING & WEATHERSEALS HARDWARE
67 85 16.6
18.1
67
17.5
17.5
10
(B)2447
2358/ 2338 18370
17.5
2449 2449 7839 7812 2358W
60
70
70
D1284
7801 7802
10 9.5
13.5
2409 1719
1831 1832 1825
10.3
10
8.5
49.5 17.5
49.5 17.5 67.5 17.5
ADD-ONS ADD-ONS COUPLING DRIP BARS

D7862
20 35 50 15
20 35 50
36
2226 2227 2263 7726 7727 7763 1999

60
60
60
23
70
70
70
84.5
S2440 L/R
2234
36
CILLS CILLS C2433
2279 2211 7779 60mm 70mm
23
Use with End Caps 2280 Use with End Caps 2216 Use with End Caps 2280 2437
C7542L
30
30
30
2427 2427 2427 3
85 125 85 16.7
2217 7717
14.7
22A
60.5
66
18
Use with End Caps 2218 Use with End Caps 2218
2418 D7851-7861
33.2
3831
30
30
2427 2427 L2436 L/R NUMERALS

& SUFFIXES
17
155 155
2219 7719 2296

Use with End Caps 2220 Use with End Caps 2220
D7862 - 180° DOOR EYE VIEWER
2458 D7863 - BRASS DOOR CHAIN
30
30
2427 2427
2460 - WRAP AROUND COMPOSITE
DOOR LOCK
180 180
THRESHOLDS THRESHOLDS
COMPOSITE DOOR
60mm/70mm
2439 2438 L2435 L/R 2438 L7835 L/R
36.5
1720
58.3 58.3
10
29.5
15
15
KM12895 KM33523 KM56791 KM56791

17.5
1720
132

TD-10-0007-1-0\06-08
PD86 In-Line Sliding Patio Door
50
STYLE OPTIONS: MASTER
62.5 17.5 115
DOOR
S = SLIDER
F = FIXED S(F) F(S) F S F F S S F
SPECIFICATION
(Any Combination of Slider & Fixed
can be used.) W x H W x H W x H
60
Min. 1574 x 2046 Min. 2370 x 2046 Min. 3076 x 2046
60
86
Standard/Prepped EQUAL GLASS STANDARD Max. 3004 x 2360 Max. 4515 x 2360 Max. 5936 x 2360
(Viewed Outside)
Note:- Heights do not include cills or add-ons
1251 22480
P.A.G. Sash Midrail
1250 80 17.5 80 17.5 Note:- Sliding panel slides on inside of the outerframe.
Outerframe White Frames - Sliding Sash : Fully Reinforced
MAIN PROFILES
Reinforcement Guidelines
Fixed Sash : Interlock Jamb Only
Lock Jamb ; Hook Lock Keep Plate Reinforcer
Foil Laminated and Foiled on White Frames : Fully Reinforced
13.5 13.5
45
17.5
17.5
2369/ 2389 1253 HEAVY DUTY COUPLING
28.5
LINK COUPLING NON - STRUCTURAL
2369W Head/Jamb Profile (REFER TO TECHNICAL DEPARTMENT)
2263
Add-On
2234 1612 3831
COUPLINGS - 60mm
4021
35 15mm Coupler Reinforcement 29mm Coupler Reinforcement 3mm Coupler
49
15.5 Cill Cill Cill
52.5
1256 1254 1289
19.5
13
1255
8
Sash Meeting Profile Closure Profile Cover Trim
9.5
Drainage Trim
29 3
15
20
P1390 1204 1287

14
2234
16 16
7745 3831
16 16
Distance Piece Fixing Screw

P1391
COUPLINGS - 70mm
15mm Coupler 2253F 29mm Coupler 4021 3mm Coupler
Shootbolt Reinforcement Reinforcement
24
24
Cill Cill Cill

86 86
S1224 1334 1388L/R 1389

Low Threshold Low Threshold Handle Blank Handle
Thermal Break
ANCILLARIES & HARDWARE
METAIL/PVC-U SECTIONS
45.5 44.8 3
29
15
1285 1292
28.5
28.5
Roller Bump Stop

1263 L1335 Note: When coupling patio door to 70mm frames
please ensure that the inside face of the patio lines
Threshold Tread Profile through with the inside face of the frame
Black PVC-U 30
1270
Meeting Profile
1275
18.5
15.5 End Cap

Letterplate
1261
IN-LINE SLIDING PATIO DOOR
10
Stainless
Steel Track D1284 1387 1296
Lock Cylinder Break Secure
44.5
Lock Cylinder 1272 6.5
Brush Seal
(Sash Frame)
1274 Dust Plug
SEALS
11.5
Interlock 1381
Hook Lock Keep
KM12895 KM33523 KM56791 KM56791
1273
53.5 FM09180 BS EN 12608 BS7950/BSEN12608 PAS24-1/BSEN12608 PAS23-1/BSEN12608
P1278 BS EN ISO 9001 PROFILE ENHANCED SECURITY ENHANCED SECURITY DOOR

11.5
Brush Seal
13
47
Mech. Joint
for 1250
1277 1279 12.5
(Interlock)
1380 Night Vent2 Gas Vent 2
Hook Lock 8000mm 4000mm
133

TD-10-0008-1-0\06-08
SK200 Curtain Wall
69.5 69.5
162.5 141.5
5003
BARS
External
Pressure
Plate
5001 5002
Heavy Duty Mullion Medium Duty Mullion/Transom
IXX 266 CM 4 IXX 131 CM 4

IYY 92 CM 4 IYY 54 CM 4
ASSEMBLY
1825
Glazing Seal
GLAZING
COVERS
3333
Glazing Packer
5010 5020 5030

Heavy Duty Medium Duty External Pressure
Internal Cover Internal Cover Plate Cover
3334
Glazing Packer
5051
F8306319 M10 Hex Bolt
CURTAIN WALL SYSTEM
FASTENERS
BRACKETS
Self Tapper
(Pressure Plate Fixing) 5052
M10 Nut
5005 5006 5007 5008 5009 5053 KM12895 KM33523 KM56791 KM56791
Transom to Mullion Floor Slab Mullion Fully Adjustable Standard Washer FM09180 BS EN 12608 BS7950/BSEN12608 PAS24-1/BSEN12608 PAS23-1/BSEN12608
F8316319
Joint Bracket Mounting Bracket Joint Sleeve Head/Cill Head/Cill

Self Tapper
Mounting Bracket Mounting Bracket 5054
(Transom Fix Joint Bracket)
Serrated Washer 134

TD-10-0009-1-0\06-08
Winfit2 Window Former, Fixer & Cavity Closer
CAMFAST MAIN PROFILES CAVIMASTER MAIN PROFILES VENTILATION
WF3751 WF3752 WF3753 Head vent

End cap
20.5
75mm Cavity Closer JAMB Frame POS 'B' 75mm Cavity Closer CILL Frame POS 'B' 75mm Cavity Closer JAMB POS 'B'
13
40
40
40
55 70 47.5 55 70 30 55 70 30
WF3522
WF3801 WF3802 WF3803 Headvent Cam
20.5
80mm Cavity Closer JAMB Frame POS 'B' 80mmCavity Closer CILL Frame POS 'B' 80mm Cavity Closer JAMB POS 'B' Locking
13
Groove
40
40
Weather Seal
40
Jamb Stop
Jamb
Section
WF3561
50 75 47.5 50 75 30 50 75 30
WF3901 WF3902 WF3903 Headvent End_Cap

20.5
90mm Cavity Closer JAMB Frame POS 'B' 90mm Cavity Closer CILL FramePOS 'B' 90mm Cavity Closer JAMB POS 'B' Cill Section
13
Corner Cleat
40
40
40
40 85 47.5 40 85 30 40 85 30 Bracing Bar Endcaps

BWS822
WF3101 WF3102 WF3103 2000mm Vent RCM Bracing Bar
20.5
100mm Cavity Closer JAMB Frame POS 'B' 100mm Cavity Closer CILL FramePOS 'B' 100mm Cavity Closer JAMB POS 'B'
13
40
40
40
Jamb
30 95 47.5 30 95 30 30 95 30
Section
BWS824
CAMFAST FIXING COMPONENTS CAVIMASTER FIXING COMPONENTS 4000mm Vent
WF3564 (75mm) WF3564 (75mm)

WF3767 (80mm) WF3767 (80mm)
WF3566 (90mm) WF3566 (90mm) Corner cleat
Cill section
WF2506 WF3565 (100mm) WF2470 WF3562 WF3563 WF2506 WF3565 (100mm) WF2470
BrickTie Hanger Bracket Clip 60mm Cam 70mm Cam BrickTie Hanger Bracket Clip
WINDOW FORMER, FIXER

CAMFAST / CAVIMASTER FRAME ASSEMBLY & CAVITY CLOSER
KM12895 KM33523 KM56791 KM56791

WF3560 WF3724 WF2502 WF2516

Corner Cleat Insulation PVCU-Brace PVCU-Shoe
135

TD-10-0010-1-0\06-08
3 Reference
General
High Information
Performance
Curtain Wall System
136
Frame Weight Calculator
REFERENCE GENERAL INFORMATION
CASEMENT WINDOWS, TBT, RESI-DOORS, FULLY FOR WEIGHTS OF PRODUCTS NOT LISTED REFER TO
REVERSIBLE WINDOWS AND IN-LINE PATIO DOORS THE PROFILE 22 TECHNICAL DEPARTMENT.
The following pages include weight/metre charts for Using the chart for casement windows the following
profiles, standard reinforcing, heavy-duty reinforcing, example shows how to calculate the weight of an
hardware and glass in kilogrammes per square internally beaded casement window, reinforced to
metre respectively. standard guide lines:
The weights are approximate and for guide purposes
only, calculated on the heaviest variables.
1500
7a
6
2a
2
4
1200
3
1 3a
7b 7c
QTY. WEIGHT TOTAL WEIGHT

ELEMENT COMPONENT TYPE (M) (Kg/m) (Kg)
1 Outerframe (59mm) Unreinforced 5.37 X 1.24 = 6.66
2 Sash (70mm) Unreinforced 3.58 X 1.20 = 4.30
2a Sash (70mm) Reinforced 2.21 X 1.66 = 3.68
3 Transom (65mm) Unreinforced 0.79 X 1.26 = 1.00
3a Mullion (65mm) Reinforced 1.19 X 1.76 = 2.09
4 Bead 7.61 X 0.20 = 1.52
5 Cill 1.60 X 1.62 = 2.59
6 Hardware (2sashes @ 2kg/Sash) 2 X 2 = 4.00 26Kg - Unglazed
7a Glass (24mm DG) 596x246 0.15 X 20 = 3
7b 686x706 0.48 X 20 = 9.6
7c 596x989 0.59 X 20 = 11.80
Total Weight + 5% (Rounded Up) 53Kg
137
Frame Weight Calculator
MAX WEIGHT (Kg/metre)
PROFILE SIZE STANDARD HEAVY DUTY

PROFILE UNREINFORCED
WIDTH DEPTH REINFORCEMENT*1 REINFORCEMENT*2
52mm 1.14 1.64 2.41

Outer Frame
59mm 1.24 1.76 2.74
67mm 1.34 2.08 3.46
80mm 1.43 2.17 3.55
57mm 1.08 1.46 2.18

Transom/Mullion
(Reinforce over 65mm 1.26 1.76 2.53
800mm long) 74mm 1.30 1.82 2.80
85mm 1.37 2.61 3.49
115mm 1.75 5.17 n/a
Casement/Vent 57mm 1.01 1.39 n/a

70mm 1.20 1.66 n/a
TBT/Sash 74mm 1.30 1.90 n/a
Door Sash 89mm 1.53 2.43 n/a

115mm 1.84 3.14 3.94
Floating Mullion 1.13 1.63 n/a
Bead 0.20 n/a n/a
Cill 85mm 1.07 1.53 n/a

125mm 1.30 1.76 n/a
155mm 1.62 2.08 n/a
180mm 1.86 2.32 n/a
225mm 2.15 2.61 n/a
Low Threshold 15-23mm 1.00 n/a n/a
Add-ons 20mm 0.67 n/a n/a

35mm 0.87 n/a n/a
50mm 1.06 n/a n/a
HARDWARE
Casement/Vent 2Kgs
* - Reinforce all coloured (foiled) profiles
1
TBT 4.5Kgs *2 - Heavy duty reinforcing - for high wind load structural calculations
Door 6Kgs
138
Frame Weight Calculator - Glass
*GLASS
2
SINGLE GLAZE WEIGHT KG/M
4mm 10
PROFILE WIDTH
6mm 15
10mm 25
DOUBLE GLAZE WEIGHT KG/M2
4 x 16 x 4 20
4 x 20 x 4 20 PROFILE DEPTH
6 x 12 x 6 30
Add 5% for leaded units or Georgian grids.

2
* Formula for calculation of glass weights = 2.5Kg/m
for 1mm thickness of glass.
139
Frame Weight Calculator - Fully Reversible Windows
UNREINFORCED KG/M STANDARD REINFORCING KG/M
OUTERFRAME 1.42 3.04

Verticals are always reinforced
TRANSOM/MULLION 1.78 3.63

Mullions/Transoms Reinforce over 800
SASH N/A 2.99

Sash is fully reinforced
BEAD 0.25 n/a
CILL Refer to Previous Chart
HARDWARE See Below See Below

Based on SPILKA reversible hinges
HARDWARE : WINDOW OVERALL HEIGHT (WEIGHT/SASH)
Up to 867mm = 3 Kgs
868mm - 1343mm = 5 Kgs

1344 + = 6 Kgs
140
Frame Weight Calculator - In-line Patio Doors
UNREINFORCED KG/M STANDARD REINFORCING KG/M
OUTERFRAME
JAMB/MULLION 1.58 2.36
White Profiles
OUTERFRAME
1.70 2.48
CILL FRAME White Profiles
SASH - HEAD, CILL,

n/a 2.89
LOCK JAMB
Reinforced as Standard
SASH -
n/a 3.50
INTERLOCK Reinforced as Standard
SASH MEETING
n/a 3.11
STILES - 3&4 PANE Reinforced as Standard
CILL Refer to Previous Chart
HARDWARE
2&3 PANE 3Kgs

4 PANE 4Kgs
141
Glossary of Standards
PVC-U Extruded Hollow Profiles
Lead Standard: BS EN 12608 (formerly BS7413)
NORMATIVE REFERENCES:
EN 477, Unplasticized polyvinylchloride EN ISO 179-2, Plastics - Determination of
(PVC-U) profiles for the fabrication of windows Charpy impact properties - Part 2:
and doors - Determination of the resistance to Instrumented impact test (ISO 179-2: 1997).
impact of main profiles by falling mass
EN ISO 306 , Plastics - Thermoplastic
EN 478, Unplasticized polyvinylchloride materials - Determination of Vicat softening
(PVC-U) profiles for the fabrication of windows temperature (VST) (ISO 306:1994).
and doors - Appearance after exposure at
150 °G - Test method. EN ISO 8256, Plastics - Determination of
tensile-impact strength (ISO 8256:1990,
EN 479, Unplasticized polyvinylchloride including Technical Corrigendum 1:1991).
(PVC-U) profiles for the fabrication of windows
and doors - Determination of heat reversion. EN ISO 1163-2: 1999, Plastics - Unplasticized
poly(vinylchloride) (PVC-U) moulding and
EN 513, Unplasticized polyvinylchloride extrusion materials - Part 2: Preparation of test
(PVC-U) profiles for the fabrication of windows specimens and determination of properties
and doors - Determination of the resistance to (ISO 1163-2: 1995).
artificial weathering.
EN 514, Unplasticized polyvinylchloride

(PVC-U) profiles for the fabrication of windows
and doors - Determination of the strength of
welded corners and T-joints.
EN ISO 105 - A01: 1995, Textiles - Tests for

colourfastness - Part A01: General principles
of testing (ISO 105A01: 1994).
EN ISO 178, Plastics - Determination of

flexural properties (ISO 178:1993).
142
Glossary of Standards
Window Fabrication
Lead Standard: BS 7412
GLASS GLAZING GASKETS &

WEATHERSTRIPS
BS 952-1Glass for glazing - Part 1: Classification
BPF 345/2 Materials for gaskets
BS 952-2 Glass for glazing - Part 2: Terminology for and weather strips for windows,
work on glass doors, conservatories and curtain
walling - Specification and
BS 6262 Code of practice for glazing for buildings performance requirements
BS 5713 (BS EN 1279) Specification for hermetically
sealed flat double-glazing units
WINDOW HARDWARE
REINFORCEMENT (EXCEPT FASTENINGS)
BPF 323/1 COP for the reinforcement of high impact BS EN 1670 Corrosion resistance
modified PVC-U windows and doors BS EN ISO 4042 Fasteners -
Electroplated coatings
BS EN 10142 Specification for continuously hot-dip
zinc coated low carbon steel sheet and strip for cold
forming: Technical delivery conditions
BS EN 10088-2 Stainless Steels - Part 2: Technical WINDOW FASTENINGS

delivery conditions for sheet/plate and strip for general
purposes BPF W363/1 Guidelines for the
selection and application of
BS EN 515 Aluminium and aluminium alloys. Wrought fasteners for the manufacture of
products. Temper designs plastic windows and door sets
BS EN 573-3 Aluminium and aluminium alloys.

Chemical composition and form of wrought products -
Part 3: Chemical composition
INFILL PANELS
BS EN 573-4 Aluminium and aluminium alloys.
Chemical composition and form of wrought products - BPF 355/1 Infill panels for doors
Part 4: Forms of products and windows
BS EN 755 Aluminium and aluminium alloys. Extruded

rod/bar, tube and profiles SURVEY AND INSTALLATION
BS EN 12020-1 Aluminium and aluminium alloys - BS 8213-4: 2007
Extruded precision profiles - Part 1: Technical Code of practice for the survey
conditions for inspection and delivery and installation of Windows and
External Doorsets
BS EN 12020-2 Aluminium and aluminium alloys -
Extruded precision profiles - Part 2: Tolerances on
dimension and form
143
Building Details
REFERENCE BULDING DETAILS
- Brick and block construction

- PVC-U cill detail
- 50mm cavity

- PVC-U cill detail
- 75mm cavity
144
Building Details

- Brick cill detail
- 75mm cavity

- Stone cill detail
- 75mm cavity
145
Building Details

- Tile cill detail
- 50mm cavity

- Head detail
- 75mm cavity
146
Building Details

- Jamb detail with flush reveal
- 75mm cavity

- Jamb detail with check reveal
- 75mm cavity
147
Building Details
- Timber frame construction

- PVC-U cill detail
- 50mm cavity
10

- Brick sill detail
- 50mm cavity
148
Building Details
11

- Stone sill detail
- 50mm cavity
12

- Tile sill detail
- 50mm cavity
149
Building Details
13

- Head detail
- 50mm cavity
14

- Jamb detail with flush reveal
- 50mm cavity
150
Building Details
15

- Jamb detail with check reveal
- 50mm cavity
151
For More Information
Please Contact Us:
Profile 22 Systems
Stafford Park 6, Telford
Shropshire, TF3 3AT
T : 01952 290910
F : 01952 290460
W : www.profile22.co.uk
E : mail@profile22.co.uk
PROFILE 22 is an international PVC-U profile system

supplied to local independent manufacturers and
installers who contract to install windows, doors and
conservatories. PROFILE 22 SYSTEMS cannot be held
FM09180
BS EN ISO 9001
accountable for manufacture or installation by
independent companies. All information in this
publication is provided for guidance only and is given in
good faith. As it is company policy to continually improve
products, methods and materials, changes of
specification may be made from time to time without
prior notice. This statement does not affect your
152
statutory rights. © PROFILE 22.
PRO/7999

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Technical Guide

Curtain Wall System

Window Styles Curtain Wall

Building Regulations Product Care

PRODUCT ASSEMBLIES CASEMENT WINDOW

Fully Chamfered 60mm

88010 OUTER FRAME

Internally Glazed 3321-3325 GLAZING PACKER

Bubblex Gasket 2338 GLAZING BEAD

1976 GLAZING BRIDGE

*1Note: All reinforcements shown are for

PRODUCT ASSEMBLIES CASEMENT WINDOW

Fully Chamfered 60mm

22810 OUTER FRAME

Open Out Window 1

Internally Glazed 3321-3325 GLAZING PACKER

1976 GLAZING BRIDGE

*1Note: All reinforcements shown are for

PRODUCT ASSEMBLIES CASEMENT WINDOW

Fully Chamfered 60mm

*12565 RCM REINFORCEMENT

Bubblex Seals 2358 GLAZING BEAD

X 3321-3325 GLAZING PACKER

*1Note: All reinforcements shown are for 22990 OUTER FRAME

PRODUCT ASSEMBLIES CASEMENT WINDOW

Fully Chamfered 60mm 22990 OUTER FRAME

24mm Double Glazing 3321-3325 GLAZING PACKER

*1Note: All reinforcements shown are for

PRODUCT ASSEMBLIES CASEMENT WINDOW

Fully Chamfered 60mm

1976 GLAZING BRIDGE

*1Note: All reinforcements shown are for

PRODUCT ASSEMBLIES CASEMENT WINDOW

Fully Chamfered 60mm

24mm Double Glazing *12565 RCM REINFORCEMENT

Bubblex Seals 3321-3325 GLAZING PACKER

2357 SECURITY GLAZING BEAD

1976 GLAZING BRIDGE

X 2357 SECURITY GLAZING BEAD

*1Note: All reinforcements shown are for 1976 GLAZING BRIDGE

PRODUCT ASSEMBLIES CASEMENT WINDOW

Fully Chamfered 60mm

Open Out Window *12491 REINFORCEMENT

*1Note: All reinforcements shown are for

*2Note: Detail shows 1822E gasket - on occasions

PRODUCT ASSEMBLIES CASEMENT WINDOW

Fully Integrated 70mm

77010 OUTER FRAME

3321-3325 GLAZING PACKER

Bubblex Seals 2348 GLAZING BEAD

1976 GLAZING BRIDGE

*1Note: All reinforcements shown are for

PRODUCT ASSEMBLIES CASEMENT WINDOW

Fully Integrated 70mm

Bubblex Seals 2385W GLAZING BEAD

*1Note: All reinforcements shown are for

7876 GLAZING BRIDGE

PRODUCT ASSEMBLIES CASEMENT WINDOW

Fully Integrated 70mm

Open Out Window 1

28mm Double Glazing 1

3331-3335 GLAZING PACKER

2375 GLAZING BEAD