OSGOOD- SCHRAMM MODEL OF

COMMUNICATION

It is a Circular Model, so that communication is something circular in nature

Encoder – Who does encoding or Sends the message (message originates)

Decoder – Who receives the message

Interpreter – Person trying to understand (analyses, perceive) or interpret

Note: From the message starting to ending, there is an interpretation goes on. Based on this
interpretation only the message is received.

This model breaks the sender and receiver model it seems communication in a practical way. It is
not a traditional model.

It can happen within our self or two people; each person acts as both sender and receiver and
hence use interpretation. It is simultaneously take place e.g. encoding, interpret and decoding.

Semantic noise is a concept introduced here it occurs when sender and receiver apply different
meaning to the same message. It happens mostly because of words and phrases for e.g. Technical
Language, So certain words and phrases will cause you to deviate from the actual meaning of the
communication.

Note: When semantic noise takes place decoding and interpretation becomes difficult and people
get deviated from the actual message.
Advantage of Osgood- Schramm model of communication

1. Dynamic model- Shows how a situation can change

2. It shows why redundancy is an essential part
3. There is no separate sender and receiver, sender and receiver is the same person
4. Assume communication to be circular in nature
5. Feedback – central feature.

Disadvantage of Osgood- Schramm model of communication

This model does not talk about semantic noise and it assume the moment of encoding and
decoding.
Osgood & Schramm Communication Model
Osgood & Schramm Circular Model of Communication

Osgood and Schramm’s Circular Model of Communication (1954) was an attempt to rectify the earlier
linear models of communication. It can happen within our self (Intra personal communication) or two
people (Inter personal communication) each person acts as both sender and receiver and hence use
interpretation. It is simultaneously take place e.g. encoding, interpreting and decoding.

Wilbur Schramm (1954) stated “It is misleading to think of the communications process as starting
somewhere and ending somewhere. It is really endless. We are little switchboard centers [sic] handling
and re-routing the great endless current of information”. Therefore, the Circular model is devoted to
two actors who reciprocate in identical functions throughout: encoding, decoding, and interpreting.
Additionally the model offers some explanation in semantic noise and interpersonal communication and
how these might affect the communication process as a whole. The model presented by Osgood and
Schramm shows not only the transmission and hearing of a message, but offers explanations in how it
can be perceived and understood. The process of understanding what has been said can vary widely
from person to person as there will always be a degree of semantic noise to be taken into account, such
as cultural differences, background, socioeconomics, education and values. Advantage of Osgood-
Schramm model of communication

1. Dynamic model- Shows how a situation can change.

2. It shows why redundancy is an essential part.
3. There is no separate sender and receiver, sender and receiver is the same person 4. Assume
communication to be circular in nature
Disadvantage of Osgood- Schramm model of communication
This model does not talk about semantic noise and it assume the moment of encoding and decoding.
OSGOOD- SCHRAMM Circular MODEL OF COMMUNICATION-1955     or 

Wilbur Schramm's models presents a complete treatment of the fundamentals of

communication.This model offers a classic general explanation of the nature of
communication. According to Wibur Schramm, to know how communication works.
It would be necessary to study the communication process in general when two
people communicate with each other there occurs a sharing of information, idea, or
an attitude. In this process of sharing  at least three elements are involved the
source or the communicator, the message or the content, and the destination or
the receiver.

It can happen within our self(Intra personal communication) or

two people(Inter personal communication)

each person acts as both sender and receiver and hence use interpretation.

It is simultaneously take place e.g. encoding, interpret and decoding.

In circular model we found that communication ending up where it started off.In
fact as an communication goes on the noise get less and personality more helpful
for effective communication.

If we consider that he source and encoder are one person decoder and destination
are another and the signal is language. This diagram represents
human communication.The personality box would get bigger and noise box would
get smaller.

This model also known as " The process and Efeeects of communication"1955.  In
this model he introduced the concept of field of experience.  In addition
reemphasising the element of  source, message and destination. It suggested the
importance of encoding and decoding process and role of field experience.
Advantage of Osgood- Schramm model of communication

Dynamic model- Shows how a situation can change

It shows why redundancy is an essential part

There is no separate sender and receiver, sender and receiver is the same person

Assume communication to be circular in nature

Feedback – central feature.