SlGNAL

PROCESSING
ELSEVIER Signal Processing 41 (1995)391-393

A calculation of the capacity of a twisted-wire pair

Lev Goldfeld, Dov Wulich*
Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Ben-Gurion Universiiy of the Negev, Beer-Sheva. POB 653, Israel

Received 21 January 1994;revised 20 May 1994

Abstract
An exact value of the capacity of a twisted-pair channel dominated by near-end cross-talk (NEXT) and additive white
Gaussian noise (AWGN) is determined. The results obtained are compared to the upper bounds found recently (Kaiet
and Shamai, 1990).

Zusammenfassung
Ein exakter Wert fiir die Kapazitlt eines Twisted-Pair-Kanals wird bestimmt fiir den Fall, da13dieser dominiert wird
durch Nahnebensprechen (NEXT) und additives we&s GauBrauschen (AWGN). Die Ergebnisse werden verglichen mit
den Obergrenzen, die kiirzlich (Kalet und Shamai, 1990) gefunden wurden.

Rbumi!
Une valeur exacte de la capacitt d’un canal ti paire torsadQ domini: par une interfkrence croisee proche (near-end
cross-talk, NEXT) et un bruit blanc gaussien est dtterminte. Les rksultats obtenus sont cornpa& g des bornes
supkrieures rkemment trouvks dans (Kalet et Shamai, 1990).

Keywords: Twisted-wire pair; Capacity

1. Introduction Gaussian noise (AWGN) is also present in the

High speed digital subscriber loop (HDSL)
transmission is based on existing twisted-pair loop
channels. In recent publications [l, 21 the capacity
of such channels has been discussed. In Cl],
the capacity of a twisted-wire channel dominated
by near-end cross-talk (NEXT) is analyzed and
the exact solution for NEXT-only channel is
given. When, in addition to NEXT, additive white
channel, only the bounds on capacity are found.
Our aim is to go one step further and to calcu-
late the exact value of the capacity of the
NEXT + AWGN channel. The analytical consid-
erations will be based on the results obtained
in [l].
2. General solution for C,,,, +AWGN

Our work is based on the results obtained

*Corresponding author. Tel.: 912-l-461537. Fax: 972-7- in [l]; therefore, let us recall the main results from
276338.E-mail: dov@bguee.bitnet. IIll.
0165-1684/95/$9.50 0 1995 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved
SSDI 0165-1684(94)00110-3
392 L. Goldfeld, D. Wulich / Signal Processing 41 (1995) 391-393

The capacity for a NEXT-dominated twisted- Substituting (7) into (6) yields
pair loop with AWGN is given by
C NEXT+AWGN C= 2 2 Cl - Nf)l, (9)
0

1
m
= sup IK(f)12K(f)
where R(f) = (IH,(f)12)/(lHc(fd)(2). Substituting
s 0 log2 [ l+ lH,(f)]‘Ps(f) + No/2 df, (4), (5) and (9) into (3) gives the optimal value of the
(1) psd of s(t):
where IH,(f)12 is the attenuation transfer function
approximated in [l] by exp( -a$), lH,.(f)12 is &Jf) = +@(.M) for_%_&, (IO)
the cross-talk transfer function approximated by
/3f3j2, Ps(f) is the two-sided power spectral density where

2CJw) - 11
‘(“) = [14fL(f)12 + IK(f)121 + WW)14 + 41~,(f)12R(f)CI~,(f)12 + IJ-W)l”)“”

(psd) of the transmitted signal s(t), and No/2 is the Substituting (10) into (8) we have
double-sided noise spectral density. The “sup” op-
eration is carried out over all Ps(f) satisfying the fA
average power constraint No @(f,fd)df= Ps. (11)
s0
cc
2 Mf)df< Ps. (2) Eq. (11) represents a parametric equation from
s0 whichf, can be found analytically or numerically.
Using classic calculus of variation techniques the Havingf,, the capacity can be found according to
following result was obtained [l]:
c NEXT+AWGN
- b + Jb2 - 4ac

1
forfG_L
ps,Jf) =

where
2a
(3)
=
s[ fd

0 log2 l +
IKm2@cM4)
IH,(f)pqj&) + 1 dJ (12)

a = I~x(f)12CI~x(f)12 + IK(f)121, (4) In [l] only upper bounds were found for (12).

b= + WW)12 + IKU-N21, (5)

3. Example of capacity calculation

In our work we calculate CNExT+ AwoN for 24-

and 1 is the Lagrangian constant determined from gauge line (without bridge taps) for ]Hc(f)12 =
(2). fd is the maximal value off for which c < 0, or exp( --a& lHJf)l” = j?f312 and for the follow-
equivalently for which ing parameters: c1= k(l/l,); k = 1.158, lo = 18OOOft
and for B = 10V9 (see Cl]).
IKm12 = y The CNEXT + AWGN is numerically calculated for
I= 600 ft and for I = 18 000 ft. The results are
1 is determined from the equation shown in Fig. 1 together with the upper bounds as
obtained in [l, Fig. 63. We see that the upper
2 I” %,,(f)df bound is very close except for the small transition
= Ps.
s region between NEXT and AWGN domination.
 L. Goldfeld, D. Wulich / Signal Processing 41 (199.5) 391-393 393

r I I I I I I

60 70
P/No [dB-kHz]

as a function of P/N, for 1= 600 and 18000 ft.

Fig. 1. Curves of CNEXT+AWGN

4. Conclusion Acknowledgements

The exact value obtained for the capacity of the
NEXT + AWGN twisted-wire channel is very
close, at least in two examples, to the upper
bound found in [l]. The differences between
the upper bound and the exact value are in
the transition region between AWGN and
NEXT.
The capacities obtained are much higher than
the bit rates available in practice over twisted-wire
channels.
We would like to thank Dr. I. Kalet for his help.
References
[l] I. Kalet and S. Shamai (Shitz), “On the capacity of
a twisted-wire pair: Gaussian model”, IEEE Trans. Comm.,
Vol. 38, No. 3, March 1990, pp. 379-383.
[Z] S. Shamai (Shitz), “On the capacity of a twisted-wire pair:
Peak-power constraint”, IEEE Trans. Comm., Vol. 38, No.
3, March 1990, pp. 368-378.