Q: Verify that the minimum FIR filter order is 99 for the following specifications: passband edge Fp = 1.

8
kHz, stopband edge Fs = 2 kHz, peak passband ripple 𝛼p=0.1 dB, minimum stopband attenuation 𝛼s=35
dB, and sampling rate Fs = 12 kHz.

ωp = 2π(1.8k / 12k) = 3π/10

ωs = 2π(2k / 12k) = π/3

0.1 = -20log(1-𝛿p)

𝛿p = 0.0114469053
𝛿s = 0.0177827941

−20 log ( √ 0.0114∗0.0178 ) −13

−20 log ( √ δ p δ s )−13
N= = π = 98.77  ≈ 99
14.6 (ω s−ω p)/2 π 14.6( −3 π /10)/ 2 π
3

Q: Using Bellanger’s Formula, what would be the minimum FIR filter order to satisfy the specifications?

−2 log ( 10 (0.0114∗0.0178) )
−2 log ( 10 δ p δ s )
N= -1 = π -1 = 107.13 ≈ 108
3 (ω s−ω p)/2 π 3( −3 π /10)/2 π
3

Q: How does the minimum order using Kaiser window compare with earlier results?
The function kaiserord generated a minimum order of 130 which is higher compared to the
values of 108 computed from Bellanger’s formula and 99 computed from Kaiser’s formula.

Q: Using the previous routine, decrease the filter order n by 1 step at a time and check if a lower
order is possible that satisfies the specifications.
As we decrease the filter order n by 1 step at a time, we proved that there are still lower values
of filter order that could satisfy the required specifications. This results from the fact that the
function kaiserord could generate a value for filter order that is either greater or smaller than the
required minimum value which was computed as 99 from the Kaiser’s formula.
Q: Observe the response, particularly near the vicinity of the passband edge defined by the
variable Wn. How would you compare the three responses in terms of transition width and
stopband attenuation?
Based on the graph above, the Chebyshev window (black graph) generated the widest
transition region and the largest stopband attenuation having a value of -118dB. On the
otherhand, Kaiser window (blue graph) generated the narrowest transition region and the
smallest stopband attenuation having a value of -41dB. Lastly, the Hann window provided a
wider transition region and a larger stopband attenuation compared to the Kaiser window having
a value of -45dB.

Q: In the routine above, the order was set to 100. Can you find a lower value of the filter order
that will satisfy the specifications?
As we decrease the value of the filter order n, the length of the passband also decreases. It is
also proved that the decrease of n results into an increase of the transition region from the
stopband to the passband, and vice versa.

N=100 N=70

Challenge: The figure below shows the mapping of DTMF frequencies to the digits.

a. Generate the corresponding DRMF signal. Assume Fs=8 kHz.

b. Verify the signal by displaying its spectrum.
c. Design two FIR filters to separate the two frequency components of the signal.
d. Verify the FIR designs by filtering the signal. Use the function filter(coeffs,1,x), where coeffs is
a vector of filter coefficients and x is the signal to be filtered.
e. Display the two spectra of the filtered signals.
Output Sample

Output spectra of the filtered signals (t=0.05s)

Output spectra of the filtered signals (t=1s)