Fifth SI Edition

CHAPTER MECHANICS OF
MATERIALS
6 Ferdinand P. Beer
E. Russell Johnston, Jr.
John T. DeWolf Shearing Stresses in
David F. Mazurek
Beams and Thin-
Lecture Notes: Walled Members
J. Walt Oler
Texas Tech University

© 2009 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Fifth
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
Shear on the Horizontal Face of a Beam Element
• Consider prismatic beam
• For equilibrium of beam element
 Fx  0  H    D  C dA
A
M D  MC
H   y dA
I A
• Note,
Q   y dA
A
dM
M D  MC  x  V x
dx

• Substituting,
VQ
H  x
I
H VQ
q   shear flow
x I

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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
Shear on the Horizontal Face of a Beam Element
• Shear flow,
H VQ
q   shear flow
x I
• where
Q   y dA
A
 first momentof areaabove y1
I   y2dA
AA'
 secondmomentof fullcrosssection

• Same result found for lower area

H VQ
q    q
x I
Q  Q  0
 first moment with respect
to neutralaxis
H  H
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
Concept Application 6.1

SOLUTION:
• Determine the horizontal force per
unit length or shear flow q on the
lower surface of the upper plank.

• Calculate the corresponding shear

force in each nail.
A beam is made of three planks,
nailed together. Knowing that the
spacing between nails is 25 mm and
that the vertical shear in the beam is
V = 500 N, determine the shear force
in each nail.

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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
Concept Application 6.1

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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
Determination of the Shearing Stress in a Beam
• The average shearing stress on the horizontal
face of the element is obtained by dividing the
shearing force on the element by the area of
the face.
H q x VQ x
 ave   
A A I t x
VQ

It

• On the upper and lower surfaces of the beam,

yx= 0. It follows that xy= 0 on the upper and
lower edges of the transverse sections.

• b<=h/4,C1及C2點之剪應力值
不會超過沿中性軸之應力
平均值0.8% (p377)
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Fifth
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
Shearing Stresses xy in Common Types of Beams
• For a narrow rectangular beam,
VQ 3 V  y2 
 xy   1 2 
Ib 2 A  c 
3V
 max 
2A

• For American Standard (S-beam)

and wide-flange (W-beam) beams
VQ
 ave 
It
V
 max 
Aweb

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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
Concept Application 6.2
τall=1.75MPa, Check that the design is acceptable
from the point of view of the shear stresses

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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
Sample Problem 6.1

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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
Sample Problem 6.2

SOLUTION:
• Develop shear and bending moment
diagrams. Identify the maximums.

• Determine the beam depth based on

allowable normal stress.
A timber beam is to support the three
• Determine the beam depth based on
concentrated loads shown. Knowing
allowable shear stress.
that for the grade of timber used,
 all  12MPa  all  0.8 MPa • Required beam depth is equal to the
larger of the two depths found.
determine the minimum required depth
d of the beam.

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Fifth
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
Sample Problem 6.2
SOLUTION:
Develop shear and bending moment
diagrams. Identify the maximums.

Vmax  14.5 kN
Mmax  10.95kNm

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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
Sample Problem 6.2

I  121 b d 3
I
S   16 b d 2
c
 16 0.09md 2
 0.015md 2

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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
Shearing Stresses in Thin-Walled Members
• Consider a segment of a wide-flange
beam subjected to the vertical shear V.
• The longitudinal shear force on the
element is
VQ
H  x
I
• The corresponding shear stress is
H VQ
 zx   xz  
t x It
• Previously found a similar expression
for the shearing stress in the web
VQ
 xy 
It
• NOTE:  xy  0 in the flanges
 xz  0 in the web

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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
Shearing Stresses in Thin-Walled Members
• The variation of shear flow across the
section depends only on the variation of
the first moment.
VQ
q t 
I

• For a box beam, q grows smoothly from

zero at A to a maximum at C and C’ and
then decreases back to zero at E.

• The sense of q in the horizontal portions

of the section may be deduced from the
sense in the vertical portions or the
sense of the shear V.

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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
Shearing Stresses in Thin-Walled Members

• For a wide-flange beam, the shear flow

increases symmetrically from zero at A
and A’, reaches a maximum at C and
then decreases to zero at E and E’.

• The continuity of the variation in q and

the merging of q from section branches
suggests an analogy to fluid flow.

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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
Sample Problem 6.3

Knowing that the vertical shear is 200

kN in a W250x101 rolled-steel beam,
determine the horizontal shearing
stress in the top flange at the point a.

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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
Sample Problem 6.5 (自行練習)

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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
Problems 6.37
• Knowing that a given vertical shear V causes a
maximum shearing stress of 75 MPa in an
extruded beam having the cross section shown,
determine the shearing stress at the three points
indicated.

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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
Problems 6.37

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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
Problems 6.38

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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
Problems 6.39

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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
Problems 6.39

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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
Unsymmetric Loading of Thin-Walled Members

• Beam loaded in a vertical plane

of symmetry deforms in the
symmetry plane without
twisting.
My VQ
x    ave 
I It

• Beam without a vertical plane

of symmetry bends and twists
under loading.
My VQ
x    ave 
I It

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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
Unsymmetric Loading of Thin-Walled Members
• If the shear load is applied such that the beam
does not twist, then the shear stress distribution
satisfies
VQ D B E
 ave  V   q ds F   q ds    q ds  F
It B A D

• F and F’ indicate a couple Fh and the need for

the application of a torque as well as the shear
load.
F h  Ve

• When the force P is applied at a distance e to the

left of the web centerline, the member bends in a
vertical plane without twisting.

• The point O is referred to as the shear center of

the beam section.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
Concept Application 6.5
• Determine the location for the shear center of the
channel section with b = 100 mm, h = 150 mm, and t = 4
mm
F h Vthb2 h th2b2
e  
V 4I V 4I
• where
b bVQ Vb h
F   q ds   ds   st ds
0 0 I I0 2
Vthb2

4I
1 3 1 3  h 2 
I  I web  2I flange  th  2 bt  bt  
12 12  2  
1 th2 6b  h
 12
• Combining,
b 100mm e  40mm
e 
h 150mm
2 2
3b 3100mm
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
Concept Application 6.6
• Determine the shear stress distribution for
V = 10 kN
q VQ
 
t It
• Shearing stresses in the flanges,

 st  s
VQ V h Vh

It It 2 2I
Vhb 6Vb
B  1 2 
 
2 12 th 6b  h th6b  h
610000N0.1m
  13.3 MPa
0.004m0.15m6 0.1m  0.15m
• Shearing stress in the web,
VQ V 18 ht4b  h 3V 4b  h
 max   1 2 
It 12 th 6b  ht 2th6b  h
310000N4  0.1m  0.15m
  18.3 MPa
20.004m0.15m6  0.1m  0.15m

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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
Concept Application 6.7

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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
Problems 6.65

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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
Problems 6.66

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Fifth
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
Problems 6.66

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