0iiiiPLAFOA: (Pinapple Leaves For Oil

Absorbent)
Handmade Rope for Absorbing Oil Waste in the Waters

Submitted for ISPO 2019

ARRANGED BY:

MUHAMMAD RASYID SALAHUDDIN NISN 0037758914

ALYSSA TREVINA TIARA VESPERA NISN 0041817388

SMA NEGERI 3 SEMARANG JALAN PEMUDA 149

SEMARANG

i
 2019

VALIDITY SHEET

ii
 ABSTRAK

Muhammad Rasyid Salahuddin, Alyssa Trevina Tiara Vespera, 2019.

“PLAFOA: Handmade Rope for Absorbing Oil Wastes in the Waters”

Marine pollution results in adverse effects on biological wealth, hazards to human

health, disruption to marine activities including fisheries and others, the fair use of
the sea, deterioration of seawater quality and decline in settlement and recreation
areas. (Mohtar Kusumaatmadja, 1978). One of the marine pollutions is oil
pollution. Oil pollution at sea is usually caused by two things, the first is due to
the element of damage to the hull of the ship or the oil tank and the second they
are deliberately disposing of waste oil from factory equipment waste. (Ibid.) Sea
pollution causes a variety of impacts that are quite influential in the environment.
Therefore there is a need for a solution to reduce and overcome marine pollution
due to petroleum. One way to overcome this problem is to use plants that contain
cellulose which have the ability to bind to oil. One of the plants that have a high
cellulose content is pineapple, especially on the leaves. Therefore, the authors
took the initiative to utilize pineapple leaves which will be processed into
PLAFOA (Pineapple Leaves For Oil Adsorbent) Strap on Oil Waste that can bind
oil into the liquid. The purpose of this research is to find out whether the rope
from pineapple leaves can be used as a binding of oil waste, knowing how to
make a rope to tie oil waste from pineapple leaves, to find out the effectiveness of
the rope from pineapple leaves in binding waste oil. The method of this research
is Research and Development (R&D). The results of PLAFOA research are that
PLAFOA rope can be used as a waste oil binder, PLAFOA rope is made by using
pineapple leaf fiber, nylon gauze, and floats and for its effectiveness, in dry
conditions, this rope is able to absorb 0.38 cc / cm³. After being wet, the
absorption capacity of this rope slightly decreases, to 0.25 cc / cm³. This rope has
a pretty good absorption speed. In dry conditions, the rope is able to absorb 0.05
cc / cm³. And in the wet conditions, this rope can only absorb 0.03 cc/cm.

Keywords: Sea Pollution, Pinapple Leaf, Absorbent, PLAFOA Rope

iii
 PREFACE

Praise the presence of God Almighty who has bestowed His grace and gifts so that
scientific works with the title "PLAFOA: Handmade Rope for Absorbing Oil
Wastes in the Waters " can be resolved properly.

The researcher thanks to the parties involved in the preparation of this research
paper:

1. God Almighty.
2. Parents who have supported the author to do research.
3. Drs. Wiharto, M.Si, who agreed to the writing of this paper.
4. Mr. Drs. Agus Priyatno, M.Pd as a supervising teacher, who is patient in
guiding and fostering writers.
5. All parties involved in the making of this scientific work which cannot be
mentioned one by one.
Researchers hope that this research paper can be carried out according to the plan
so that it can benefit everyone. Researchers are looking forward to suggestions
and criticisms so that this research paper can be even better in the future.

Semarang, 30th November 2019

iv
 TABLE OF CONTENT

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iii
iv
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1
2
2
2
3
3
3
5
6
6
6
8
10
11
12
13
13
13
13
15
15
15
16
17

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18

vi
 CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION

A. Background Issue
Marine pollution is a change in the marine environment that occurs due to
the inclusion of humans directly or indirectly materials or energy into the marine
environment (including river estuaries) which results in consequences that are so
bad that it is a loss of biological wealth, a danger to human health, disruption to
activities at sea including fisheries and others, fair use of the sea, deterioration of
the quality of sea water and declining residential and recreation areas. (Mohtar
Kusumaatmadja, 1978).
 One of the marine pollution is oil pollution. Oil pollution at sea is usually
caused by two things, the first is due to accidental elements of people who are in
the ship such as tanks that leak due to friction of objects in the sea (coral reefs or
iron ships that had previously sunk in the sea), causing damage to the hull or oil
tanks and secondly they deliberately dispose of used oil from factory equipment
which can indeed cause environmental pollution and ultimately harm those whose
sea area is used as a place of disposal of oil. (Ibid.)
Sea pollution due to oil waste is not a new thing for example: The Oil Spill
War in the Arabian Gulf (1991) The largest known oil spill in the world occurred
in Kuwait during the Gulf War. Mexico Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill (2010). The
largest accidental oil spill in history began in the Gulf of Mexico on April 20,
2010. Mexico's Ixtoc 1 accident (1979). The accident released up to 140 million
gallons of crude oil into Campeche Bay between June 1979 and March 1980.
(Kompas 2018).
 Sea pollution causes various impacts that are quite influential on the
surrounding environment, for example, especially if the surrounding area is a
residential area where residents generally earn a living as sailors or fishermen.
Therefore it is necessary to have a solution to reduce and overcome sea pollution
caused by petroleum, one way to overcome this problem is by using plants
containing cellulose that are useful for binding oil. One of the parks that have
cellulose substance is pineapple, there are cellulases in pineapple leaves that can

1
bind oil. Therefore, the authors took the initiative to utilize pineapple leaves
which will be processed into PLAFOA (Pinapple Leaves For Oil Adsorbent) Strap
on Oil Waste that can bind oil into the liquid.

B. Problem Formulation
Based on the background, the formulation of the problem proposed is:
1. Can the rope from pineapple leaves be used as a waste oil binder?
2. How to make a waste oil strap from pineapple leaves?
3. To what extent is the effectiveness of the rope from pineapple leaves in
binding waste oil?

C. Research Purposes
The objectives of the research include:
1. Determine whether the rope from pineapple leaves can be used as a binder to
waste oil.
2. Knowing how to make a waste oil rope from pineapple leaves.
3. Knowing the effectiveness of the rope from pineapple leaves in binding waste
oil.

D. Research Benefits
The benefits of this research are as follows:
1. For Researchers
a. Researchers can find out how to make PLAFOA waste ties.
b. Researchers can learn about how to deal with waste oil in waters.

2. For Petroleum Companies

a. Facilitate companies in dealing with pollution due to waste oil.
b. Making an environmentally friendly company.
c. Foster a sense of responsibility and fosters corporate integrity.

3. Benefits for the environment

a. Preservation of the environment from waste oil.
b. The creation of a healthy environment for living things.

2
 CHAPTER II

LITERATURE REVIEW

A. Pineapple Plant
Pineapple has the Latin name Ananas comosus, pineapple is a fruit plant
that is widely cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions. Pineapple is a fruit
plant in the form of a bush that has the name of the area Neneh (Sumatra) and
Danas (Sundanese).

In English, it is often referred to as pineapple and for the Spanish call, it

pina. Pineapple comes from Brazil or South America which had settled there
before the Colombus period. In the 16th century, the Spaniards brought a
pineapple to the Philippines and Peninsular Malaysia and then entered Indonesia
in the 15th century.

This pineapple plant has fruits that contain lots of vitamins, minerals,
enzymes, and antioxidants in a fairly large dose. With its nutritional content,
pineapple can be used to help relieve stomach acid, reduce inflammation, and can
also help break down animal protein.

In addition, the pineapple leaves contain lignin, hemicellulose, and

cellulose. The cellulose content contained in pineapple leaf fibers ranges from
69.5 - 71.5%. It is expected to be used as a source of cellulose as an alternative
adsorbent in adsorbing liquid substances (Hidayat, 2008).

B. Waste
Based on the decision of the Minister of Industry and Trade RI No.231 /
MPP / Kep / 7/1997 Article 1 Regarding Waste Import Procedure, states that
waste is material/leftover or used goods from an activity or production process
whose function has changed from the original.

The existence of these wastes is often undesirable by the community

because certain concentrations and qualities can have a negative impact on
humans and the environment in which they live.

3
 At present, the amount of waste is increasing because almost all human
activities produce this object, such as industrial, household, transportation and so
on. Seeing this condition, waste management is needed to overcome various
negative impacts.

a. Impact of Waste on the Environment

Various types of diseases can be caused due to the lack of proper handling
or waste management. Ranging from minor illnesses such as
stomachaches/diarrhea to deadly diseases such as acute poisoning can be caused
by the presence of waste.

The following are some examples of types of diseases that can attack
humans due to waste:

 Indigestion such as diarrhea

 Typhus
 Acute poisoning and chronic poisoning
 Fungus on the skin
 Hard to breathe
 Nerve disorders

b. Impact of Waste on the Environment

Besides having a negative impact on humans, waste also has a negative
impact on the environment. The most obvious negative impact is damage to the
environment thereby reducing the aesthetic value of the environment or in other
words, the environment becomes unsightly.

Waste in the form of liquid that enters the drainage system or river will
cause water pollution. If this happens, many organisms such as fish will be
poisoned to death. If this happens there will be a change in the aquatic ecosystem
which causes disruption of the overall ecosystem balance. Large amounts of solid
waste discharged into the river can clog the river's water flow and cause flooding.

In addition to water pollution, air pollution by waste will also occur such as
an unpleasant odor caused by organic spoilage. Smoke arising from motorized

4
vehicles, burning garbage and large industries can also cause air pollution.
Burning waste from certain plastics can even be carcinogenic and cause cancer if
inhaled by humans.

C. Oil
Petroleum comes from Greek, petra which means stone and elaison which
means oil. The term petroleum itself was first put forward by a German man,
Georg Bauer in 1546. The definition of petroleum is literally oil that is in the
bowels of the earth. Petroleum is better known as crude oil. Understanding
petroleum, in general, is oil produced from fossils of animals and plants that were
buried millions of years ago. Another understanding of petroleum can also come
from the residual weathering of human life in ancient times whose existence has
long been buried in seawater. Another understanding of petroleum-based on
physical characteristics is a thick, viscous liquid that has a flammable nature.

Understanding Petroleum According to Experts

 According to Macqiur (1758), the definition of petroleum is a natural
resource derived from plants of various species that have settled in millions of
years. This understanding is the basis of the opinion that petroleum is a non-
renewable natural resource.
 According to Barthelot (1866), the definition of petroleum is a natural
resource that has an alkali metal content in a free state with high temperatures
so that it touches on CO2 and forms acetylene. The relationship between
alkali metals and acetylene formation in this process cannot be separated.
 According to Mandeleyev (1877), the understanding of petroleum is the
result of the effect of work on steam with various metal carbides in the
bowels of the earth. Carbide occurs in millions of years.
 According to the IMF (2011), the definition of petroleum is a part of
natural resources that cannot be renewed because its formation requires a very
long time, the material of which is used for the production of materials
needed by humans. According to the IMF, the use of petroleum must be
regulated and controlled in order to avoid environmental pollution and the
natural resources of petroleum to remain sustainable.

5
 CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHOD

A. Research Method
This research is an experiment that was designed and developed using the
Research and Development (R&D) method.
According to Jauhanaini from the Indonesian Education University (UPI),
what is meant by Research and Development (R&D) is,
"A process or steps to develop a new product or improve an existing
product, research in the form of a cycle, which begins with the needs, problems
that need solving in the presence of a particular product, research methods used
to produce certain products and towards the effectiveness the product "
The results of research with the Research and Development method used are
in the form of a petroleum waste bonding rope that will help the surrounding
community, oil companies, and marine ecosystems in overcoming sea pollution
caused by petroleum.

B. Research Procedures
The method used in this research is the Research and Development (R&D)
method and based on the Borg and Gall steps the steps in the Research and
Development method are:

6
 Potential and Problems

Collection of data and information

Product Design

Design Validation

Refine and Revise the Design

Product Test

Product Revision

Trial of use

Manufacture of Bulk Products

Ma
nufacture of Bulk Products
1. Potential and Problems
In this stage, we look for potentials and problems in daily life related to this
rope.
2. Collection of data and information
After the problem search phase (sea pollution due to oil spills) and potential,
the next step is to find a solution to the problem. And also conduct research
online such as searching for existing research papers or journals.
3. Product Design
At this stage, we design tools from innovation to the problem. The results of
this study state to create an innovative tool in the form of a rope that can
overcome and reduce sea pollution caused by waste oil.
4. Design Validation
At this stage, we review whether the product design is more effective than
previous research and consult with a supervisor to assess our results
(PLAFOA). After finding the weaknesses, we will fix it.
5. Refine and Revise the Design
After the product design is validated by the supervisor, if we find any
weaknesses, we will correct them.

7
 6. Product Test
Test this product when you go home from school by testing its
effectiveness, such as Strength of absorption per m3 and absorption rate of
pineapple leaves.
7. Product Revision
After testing the product, we made a product revision by registering
deficiencies and fixing them by changing the design.
8. Trial of use
After testing the product successfully and after the revision the product is
complete.
9. Manufacture of Bulk Products
If the product (PLAFOA) has been tested and has been declared effective
and feasible the product will soon be widely marketed.

C. Research Instruments
1. Tools :
a. Knife
b. Stationary
c. Small Bowl
d. Measuring Bowl

2. Materials :
a. Pineapple leaf fiber
b. Oil
c. Water

8
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AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
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SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS. PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP.
QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ.
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9                                
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JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ.
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BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB. Steps of Making Rope

To make a rope that is suitable and can be used, the steps in making this
rope are as follows.

1. Prepare the instruments needed.

2. Eliminating thorns on the side of a pineapple leaf.
3. Cut the base and tip of pineapple leaves.
4. Put the pineapple leaves on the board.
5. Rub pineapple leaves with scrap.

11
 6. Remove leaf bark and leaf flesh.
7. Take leaf fibers.
8. Drying leaf fibers.
9. Measure the leaves into strimin gauze.
10. Add a floating ball.

CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC. How to Use FLAPOA Rope

1. Prepare a rope in a non-convoluted decomposed position.
2. Keep the rope in a dry position when it will be used.
3. Stretch the strap tightly.
4. Place it in waters affected by oil pollution.
5. Gently pull the rope.
6. Squeeze the oil from the rope.
7. Repeat the above steps if there is still oil left.

12
 Oil

Pineapple Leaf Fiber

Nylon gauze Float

CHAPTER IV
RESULT AND DISCUSSION

A. Research Results
Oil binding rope from pineapple leaf fiber uses a very simple method by
prioritizing the integrity of pineapple leaf fiber to maximize absorption.

13
B. Analysis of the Absorption Efficiency of Pineapple Leaf Fiber on
Petroleum
This test is carried out as an application of pineapple leaf fiber as an
adsorbent for the absorption of petroleum. This process is done by using
variations in the humidity of pineapple leaves. After the absorption and absorption
speed is known, it will be known how much volume and how long it takes the
rope to absorb the oil.

C. Table Absorption of Pineapple Leaves Fiber Against Petroleum

In testing the absorption of pineapple leaves, researchers use the same
diameter and length of rope. Namely 1cm in diameter and 10 cm long, to obtain a
rope volume of 7.8cm.

Rope Condition Absorbing Power Absorbing Speed

3/60 = 0,05cc/ sec

Dry Rope 3cc/7.8cm^3 = 0.384cc/cm^3

Wet Rope 2cc/7.8^cm3 = 0.256cc/cm^3 2/60 = 0,03cc/ sec

Amount of Oil Absorbed

Absorbing Power =
Rope Diameter

Amount of Oil Absorbed

Time of Test
14
Absorbing Speed =

15
 CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION

A. Conclusion
1. PLAFOA rope can be used as a binder to waste oil
2. PLAFOA rope is made by using pineapple leaf fibers, nylon gauze,
and floats. How to make it is by taking pineapple leaf fibers that are
dried and packaged in the form of a floating rope.
3. In dry conditions, this rope is able to absorb 0.38 cc / cm³. After
being wet, the absorption capacity of this rope slightly decreases, to
0.25 cc / cm³. This rope has a pretty good absorption speed. In dry
conditions, the rope is able to absorb 0.05 cc / cm³. And in the wet
conditions, this rope can only absorb 0.03 cc / cm³.

B. Suggestion
1. PLAFOA ropes can be socialized to protect the marine ecosystem
2. It should be further developed to maximize the absorption and
absorption speed of this rope. In order to get more effectiveness.

16
 REFERENCES

Anonym. 2019. Minyak Bumi: Pengertian, Sejarah, Manfaat dan Komposisi

Terlengkap. Online: Guru Pendidikan.seputarilmu.com (19 Oktober 2019).

Kusumaatmadja, Mohtar.1978. Bunga Rampai Hukum Laut.

Menteri Perindustrian dan Perdagangan Republik Indonesia. Keputusan

Menperindag RI No.231/MPP/Kep/7/1997 Pasal 1. Online: https://www.
kemendag.go.id/files/regulasi/1997/07/231_7_97 (21 Oktober 2019)

Pratama, Aswab. 2018. Tumpahan Minyak Terbesar dalam Sejarah.

Yuwono, Sudarminto. 2016. Daun Nanas. Online: darsatop.lecture.ub.ac.id. (21

Oktober 2019)

17
ATTACHMENT

Photo when taking pineapple leaf fiber in researcher’s houses

18
 CURICULUM VITAE

Group Leader
A. Personal Identity
Name : Muhammad Rasyid Salahuddin
Gender : Boy
Major : IPA (Science)
NIS : 0037758914
Place and Birth Date : Semarang, 24th December 2003
E-mail : rasyidss2512@gmail.com
Phone/Mobile number : 085713804673
B. Educational History
Elementary Junior High Senior High
  Kindergaten
School School School
TK Islam
SDIT SMP N 2 SMA N 3
Agency Taman
BUNAYYA Semarang Semarang
Firdaus
Major       IPA

Year of Entry 2009 2011 2017 2019

C. Achievement

 No Type of Award Awarding Agency Year

1st Champion FLS2N

1. Dinas Pendidikan Kota Semarang 2018
Painting (Boy)

All data that I have entered and stated in this biodata are true and can be legally
accounted for. If later it turns out to be found incompatibility with reality, I bear
the responsibility of receiving sanctions. Thus this biodata was actually made by
me to fulfill one of the requirements in the Scientific Work Contest (ISPO)

Semarang, 30th November 2019

Group Leader

Muhammad Rasyid Salahuddin

CURICULUM VITAE

19
Group Member
A. Personal Identity
Name : Alyssa Trevina Tiara Vespera
Gender : Girl
Major : IPA (Science)
NIS : 0041817388
Place and Birth Date : Semarang, 31th May 2004
E-mail : alyssatrrre@gmail.com
Phone/Mobile number : 085868066929
B. Educational History
Elementary Junior High Senior High
  Kindergaten
School School School
TK
SD Al Azhar SMP N 2 SMA N 3
Agency Semarang
25 Semarang Semarang Semarang
2000

Major       IPA

Year of Entry 2009 2011 2017 2019

C. Achievement

 No Type of Award Awarding Agency Year

2nd Champion FLS2N

1. Dinas Pendidikan Kota Semarang 2018
Karawitan

All data that I have entered and stated in this biodata are true and can be legally
accounted for. If later it turns out to be found incompatibility with reality, I bear
the responsibility of receiving sanctions. Thus this biodata was actually made by
me to fulfill one of the requirements in the Scientific Work Contest (ISPO)

Semarang, 30th November 2019

Group Member

Alyssa Trevina Tiara Vespera

20
21
22