2018 International Conference on Applied Electromagnetics, Signal Processing and Communication (AESPC)

Dual Band Dual Polarized Coplanar Waveguide

Antenna For Wireless Applications
Mohammad Imroz Khan#1 Suresh Chejarla#2 Avinash Chandra*3
# # *
Department of Electronics and Department of Electronics and School of Electronics Engineering
Communication Engineering Communication Engineering *
Vellore Institute of Technology
# #
Vignan’s Foundation for Science, Vignan’s Foundation for Science, Vellore, India
Technology and Research Technology and Research avinash.chandra@vit.ac.in
Guntur, India Guntur, India
iitdhanbad.imroz@gmail.com karavadisuri@gmail.com

Abstract—Antenna presented in this letter is a dual band the proposed antenna. Two circular arms are attached to the
antenna exhibiting both circular polarized and linear polarized radiating patch for generating circular polarization. Fractal slot
characteristics. Proposed antenna design consists of a circular is introduced in the patch inorder to improve the dual
shaped ground slot and an asymmetric radiating patch. Circular polarization characteristics of the antenna.
metallic arms are attached at the diagonal opposite ends of the
rectangular patch for generating circular polarization. Ground
plane is loaded with three rectangular notches inorder to improve II. ANTENNA DESIGN
the 3 dB axial ratio bandwidth. Presented antenna exhibits dual
band characteristics with lower band circular polarized and
upper band linear polarized. Linear polarized characteristic of
the antenna is improved by introducing a rectangular fractal slot
in the radiating patch. The overlapping circular polarized lower
band i.e. VSWR ≤ 2 dB and Axial ratio ≤ 3 dB extends from 2.3
GHz - 2.8 GHz while linear polarized higher band extends from
5.1 GHz - 6.3 GHz, thereby proposed antenna covers IRNSS and
ISM application bands.

Keywords—coplanar waveguide, circular polarized, dual band,

dual polarized.

I. INTRODUCTION
Multiband antenna exhibiting multiple polarization
characteristics assists the communication system by improving
antenna compactness and providing polarization diversity. In
[1] a dual band antenna operating in GSM band and WLAN
band is proposed with dual polarizations i.e. lower band
circular polarized and upper band linear polarized. In [2]
another dual band antenna is proposed with both bands Fig.1. Schematic view of proposed antenna
circular polarized. In [3] a triple band antenna using stacked
patch has been studied, exhibiting both circular and linear
polarizations. In [4] a dipole like structure is studied with TABLE I. GEOMETRICAL DIMENSIONS
tapered arms and an open ended slot, resulting in dual band a b c d e f i k l m
antenna with lower band circular polarized and upper band
linear polarized. Similarly in [5] a sector shaped coaxial fed
3.15 11.8 3.6 3.3 5.4 3.2 9.1 15 40 12.9
antenna with truncated corners has been introduced to
integrate both linear polarized and circular polarized
characteristics in the same antenna. But these reported n o p r1 r2 w
techniques for achieving dual polarization have major
constraint of large geometrical dimension. In this letter 9.1 3.5 2.8 3 2 40
coplanar waveguide is used as a new variant for obtaining dual
polarized characteristics with compact geometry. The
proposed antenna is a compact dual band antenna with dual Schematic view of the proposed antenna is shown in fig. 1
polarization characteristics using coplanar waveguide feed. and its geometrical dimensions are displayed in Table I. The
Proposed antenna consists of a circular shaped ground slot proposed antenna is modeled on CST Microwave Studio using
instead of conventional rectangular slot which is key feature of FR4 substrate of thickness 1.6 mm whose dielectric constant is

978-1-5386-8333-0/18/$31.00 ©2018 IEEE

4.4 and loss tangent 0.02. Presented work is a 40 mm × 40 mm
structure having a 50 Ω feed line of width 3.2 mm, spaced at
0.4 mm from ground plane. Circular slot having radius 16.6
mm is etched in the ground plane and a rectangular patch is
protruded into this slot. Radiating patch is modified into an
asymmetric structure by introducing a rectangular fractal slot.
Two circular metallic arms are attached to the radiating patch
inorder to excite two orthogonal electric field components of
equal amplitude with orthogonal phase, which is an essential
condition required to achieve circular polarization.

III. PROTOTYPE ANALYSIS

Step by step antenna improvement is depicted in fig. 2,
which shows the effect of each component that is introduced in
the structure on far field parameters of the presented antenna. Fig. 3. S11 of antenna prototypes
The hierarchal approach for antenna designing is presented in
form of antenna prototypes.

Prototype I Prototype II Prototype III

Fig. 4. Axial ratio of antenna prototypes

IV. CP MECHANISM AND ANALYSIS

Prototype IV Prototype V Prototype VI
Fig. 2. Steps for improvement of antenna

Prototype I involves introduction of circular ground slot and

a feed line energizing the circular slot. Fig. 3 and fig. 4 shows
the S11 and axial ratio of antenna prototypes respectively. For
prototype I it is observed that the antenna is not resonating and
it requires an introduction of radiating patch, which is
incorporated in prototype II. The antenna starts resonating with
the introduction of rectangular patch but exhibiting linear
polarized characteristics. With an aim of introducing circular (a) (b)
polarization characteristics to the antenna, a circular metallic
arm is attached at the upper diagonal end of the rectangular
patch. The red curve in fig. 4 confirms the generation of two
orthogonal electric field components having equal amplitude in
phase quadrature, which is confirmed by the sudden drop in
axial ratio. Multiband nature of the antenna is introduced in
prototype IV by the inclusion of another circular metallic arm
attached at the lower diagonal end of the radiating patch.
Multiple notches are embedded in the ground inorder to
improve axial ratio bandwidth, depicted as prototype V. Finally
to reduce the interference at higher band and to improve linear (c) (d)
polarization characteristics, a rectangular fractal slot is Fig. 5. Simulated surface current density distribution at 2.4 GHz
introduced in the radiating patch. (a): t=0, (b): t=T/4, (c): t=T/2, (d): t=3T/4
 Study of surface current distribution with advancing time while for upper band it remains about 4 dBi. Gain for both
also helps in analyzing circular polarized behavior of the bands remains almost flat and is shown in fig. 9. Normalized
antenna. For a circular polarized antenna current vector LHCP and RHCP radiation pattern at 2.4 GHz is shown in
follows a circular path, as it rotates either in clockwise or in fig. 10 which confirms left handed circular polarized nature of
anticlockwise direction. For different time instants t=0, t=T/4, the lower band.
t=T/2 and t=3T/4 current distribution is studied along with
their sense of rotation in the azimuthal plane. A clockwise
rotation shows LHCP nature while anticlockwise rotation
shows RHCP nature. From plotted current distribution at 2.4
GHz for various time instants in fig. 5, we observe that current
vector follows clockwise rotation with +z axis being
considered as the direction of propagation which results in
LHCP nature of polarization. So direction of rotation of
current vector along with axial ratio less than 3dB confirms
circular polarized behavior of antenna for a frequency range of
2.3 - 2.8 GHz.

TABLE II. COMPARISON TABLE

Reference Dimension fc (GHz) fc (GHz)

Antenna (mm×mm)
Lower Upper
Band Band
Fig. 7. VSWR of antenna
[6] 1.25λ×1.10λ 3.50 5.25
[7] 0.83λ×0.83λ 2.24 5.87
[8] 1.16λ×1.16λ 2.10 3.60
[9] 0.75λ×0.76λ 2.42 2.89
[10] 1.01λ×0.83λ 2.40 5.47
Proposed 0.75λ×0.75λ 2.7 5.62
Antenna

V. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

Fig. 8. Axial Ratio of antenna

Fig. 6. S11 of antenna

S11 of the proposed antenna is depicted in fig. 6 which

shows that the antenna resonates for two frequency bands
extending from 2.2 GHz - 3.3 GHz and 5.1 GHz - 6.3 GHz.
Axial ratio depicted in fig. 8 illustrates circular polarized
behavior of lower band and linear polarized behavior of higher
band. Gain of the presented antenna about 3 dBi in lower band Fig. 9. Gain of antenna
 [9] Md. Samsuzzaman and M. T. Islam, "Dual Frequency Circularly
Polarized Cross Shaped Slotted Patch Antenna With A Small Frequency
Ratio",Microwave And Optical Technology Chapters / Vol. 56, No. 11,
November 2014.
[10] Lei Ge, Chow Yen Desmond Sim, Hsin Lung Su, Jun Yu Lu, Chin Ku,
"Single layer dual broadband circularly polarised annular slot antenna
for WLAN applications",IET Microwaves, Antennas &
Propagation,Year: (2018), Volume: 12, Issue: 1Pages: 99 – 107.

(a) (b)

Fig. 10. Normalized radiation pattern at 2.4 GHz: (a) XZ plane, (b) YZ plane

VI. CONCLUSION
A compact dual band dual polarized antenna with circular
slot is implemented using coplanar waveguide. Two circular
shaped metallic arms are attached to the radiating patch on
diagonal opposite ends inorder to obtain circular polarized
characteristics. A rectangular fractal slot is introduced in the
radiating patch for improving linear polarized characteristics
corresponding to upper band. Multiple rectangular notches are
embedded in the ground plane for precise tuning of axial ratio
bandwidth. Presented antenna has dual polarization
characteristics i.e. same antenna shows circular polarized
behavior and linear polarized behavior for different resonating
bands. Proposed antenna can be used for IRNSS, Bluetooth and
WLAN applications.

REFERENCES
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