COMPARISON BETWEEN TOTAL PHYSICAL RESPONSE (TPR)

METHOD AND DIRECT METHOD TO IMPROVE STUDENT

VOCABULARY

Disusun oleh :

Intar Yuan Anindita

(201510100311182)

ENGLISH LANGUAGE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING EDUCATION

UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG

2019
 CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

In this chapter, will elaborates a background of the study, research question,

the purpose of the study, the significance of the study, the scope and limitation of

the study and also the definition of key terms. The following section will be

explaining below.

1.1 Background of the Study

Teaching method between young learners and adult is very different. That

statement was supported by Harmer, Harmer (2001:38) said that young learners,

especially those who have the ages from six to twelve years old, they have a

different learning from the older learners, adolescents and adults. They have

limited attention span; unless activities are extremely engaging, they can make

them easily get bored and lose interaction after 10 minutes or so (Harmer,

2001:38). The young learners (six until twelve years old) can not focus for a long

time. So, the teacher supposed to be understand about what the student need

(include teaching method, teaching technique and learning style) to make the

students enjoy and understand about the lesson. Some researchers claim that a

theory of teaching includes both of theory of student learning and a theory of

teacher behavior (Hattie, 2009; Terhart, 2011). From that theory, the researcher

know that teaching and learning process cannot be separated with behavior,
because all of the behavior that the students and the teacher did was part of the

learning process.

A 8.000 to 9.000 word-family vocabulary is needed for comprehension of

written text and a vocabulary of 6.000 to 7.000 for spoken text. So, if people did

not have rich vocabularies, they feel difficulties to understand the text and very

hard to speak English well. Vocabulary learning is an essential part in foreign

language learning as the meanings of new words are very often emphasized,

whether in books or in classrooms. It is also central to language teaching and is of

paramount importance to a language learner (Alqahtani, 2015). Having rich

vocabularies is very important. In the children’s world, the students have a good

memory, so it will be a good choice when the children remembered and try to

memorizing more about vocabulary.

Teacher always need some methods to teach the lesson, this lesson is

specific on Vocabulary of English Language. On this research, the researcher

choose Total Physical Response (TPR) Method to teach English Language, and

choose Direct Method as a comparison which one that will be more effective to

learn new vocabularies. Helping learners make physical motions in order to

understand what they learned and interact with their surrounding environment

improves learning by applying knowledge to related situations (Hwang et al.,

2014). Total Physical Response (TPR) Method is a teaching method that uses

body motion like a waving, nodding and shaking hand. TPR Method make a

comparison between kinesthetic and cognitive aspect. Therefore, the researcher

want to know which is more effective teaching method between Total Physical
Response (TPR) and Direct Method to teaching vocabulary on the 3rd grade SD

Muhammadiyah 01 Malang.

1.2 Research Questions

1. What are the difference in students’ response when teach English Language

with Total Physical Response (TPR) Method and Direct Method?

2. What are the difference of students’ vocabulary development when teach

English Language with Total Physical Response (TPR) Method and Direct

Method?

1.3 The Purpose of the Study

1. To identify the response of students’ which one more effective to teach

English Language.

2. To identify the students’ vocabulary development when teach English

Language with TPR Method and Direct Method..

1.4 The Significance of the Study

The researcher hopes that the result from this research will give

contribution for teacher in elementary school or the fresh graduated who wants to

try to teach the young learners, by knowing the students’ wants, students’ need

and students’ weak when they learn English language lesson.

1.5 The Scope and Limitation of the Study

The scope of this study is to focus on improving students' vocabularies to

learn English Language Lesson in SD Muhammadiyah 01 Malang. It is more

focuses on the 3rd Grade Elementary School to feel enjoy when they remember the

new vocabulary on English Language lesson. The limitations by observations the

class conditions at English language lesson. And then giving a TPR Method and

Direct Method to teach the students. Finally, giving an assessment related to the

new vocabulary that has been given into the TPR technique.

1.6 Definition of Key Terms

In order to avoid misinterpretation in understanding the terms related to the

study, the researcher provides about Total Physical Response (TPR) Method,

Direct Method, Vocabulary and Young Learners. The following section will be

explaining below.

1. Total Physical Response (TPR) Method

Using body motion or behavior to illustrate and understanding is one of

the key concepts in TPR (Hwang et al., 2014).

2. Direct Method

Direct method is a method is a method that uses the target language and

drilling stressing (Hidayati, 2019).

3. Vocabulary

Vocabulary is a set of lexemes, including single words, compound words

and idioms (Richards and Schmidt, 2010:580). Vocabulary is like a heart on

communication, that sentence support by this statement, “vocabulary is a core

component of language proficiency and provides much of the basis for how well

the learners speak, listen, read and write” (Richards, 2002).

4. Young Learners

Young learners are the children at age between six up to eleven years old

which are enthusiastic to know and learn everything (Harmer, 2001:38).

 The explanation above is the reason why the researcher wants to analyze

about students’ response when teaching with TPR Method, students’ response

when teaching with Direct Method, students’ vocabulary development when

teaching with TPR Method and students’ vocabulary development when teaching

with Direct Method. It is expected to give an insight to fresh graduate to teach

English for Young Learners and also for teachers on elementary school to teach

English Language.
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