48

DESIGN OF DECK SLAB FOR SLRB

Clear span = 6.60 m
Thickness of slab (assumed) = 45.0 cm
Thickness of wearing coat = 75 mm
Clear cover = 40 mm
(as per clause 304.3.1 of IRC bridge code 21-2000)

Reinforcement (HYSD bars conforming to IS:1786)

Main steel dia. = 25 mm
Distribution bar dia. = 12 mm
Concrete Mix = M25 grade

IRC class 'A' loading

Density of RCC = 2500 kg/m2
Density of PCC = 2400 kg/m2

Bearing width (assumed) = 500 mm

Effective depth = 39.75 cm

Carriage way = 4.25 m

Kerb width = 225 mm
Bottom width of slab = 4.25 + 2 x 0.225
= 4.700 m
As per clause 305.4.2 of IRC code 21-2000
Effective span shall be the least of the following

i. Effective span = l1 + d

where l1 = clear span

= 6.600 m

d = effective depth
= 39.75 cm
Effective span = 6.60 + 0.398
= 6.998 m

ii Effective span = distance from centre of supports

= 6.60 + 2 x 0.50
2
= 7.100 m

Effective span shall be least of (i) and (ii)

Effective span = 6.998 m

As per clause 303.1 and Table 9 of IRC code 21-2000, Permissible flexural compressive stresses

sc = 8.33 Mpa
= 83.3 Kg/cm2

As per clause 303.2.1 of IRC code 21-2000 (Table 10)

Permissible tensile stress in steel for combined bending

s st = 200 Mpa
= 2000 Kg/cm2

Modular ratio m = 10 (as per cl. 303.1. notes 1. of IRC:21-2000)

k = m sc
m s c + s st

= 10 x 83
 49
10 x 83 + 2000

= 0.294

j = 1 - k / 3

= 1 - 0.294 / 3
= 0.902

Q = 1 x sc k j
2

= 1 x 83 x 0.294 x 0.902
2

= 11.045

As per clause 211.2 of IRC code 6-2000

Impact factor fraction = 4.5
6+L

= 4.5
6+ 7.00

= 0.346

Dead Load Bending Moment

Weight of slab = 0.45 * 2500 = 1125 kg/m

Weight of w.c = 0.075 * 2400 = 180 kg/m
Total dead load w = 1305 kg/m

Bending moment due to dead load = wl2

8
= 1305 x 7.00 2

8
= 7988.558 kg m

= 7.989 tm
Live Load Bending Moment
As per clause 305.16.2 of IRC code 21-2000
Ratio b / lo
where b = width of bottom slab = 4.700 m
lo = Effective span = 6.998 m

Ratio = 4.700
7.00
= 0.672

b / lo a for simply supported slab

0.6 2.88
0.7 2.92

for b/lo ratio a = 2.88 + 0.04 x 0.072

0.1
= 2.909

As per clause 305.16.2 (1) IRC 21-2000, Solid slabs spanning in one direction
For a single concentrated load, the effective width may be calculated in accordance with the following equation

bef = a a ( 1 - a/lo) + b1

where bef = The effective width of slab on which the load acts.
lo = The effective span as indicated in clause 305.4
a = The distance of the centre of gravity of the concentrated load from the nearer support
b1 = The breadth of concentration area of the load, i.e the dimension of the tyre or track contact area
 50
over the road surface of the slab in a direction at right angles to the span plus twice the thickness
of the wearing coat or surface finish above the structural slab.
a = a constant having the following values depending upon the ratio b/lo where b is the width of the slab

2.7 t 2.7 t 11.4 t 11.4 t 6.8 t 6.8 t 6.8 t 6.8 t

1.1 3.2 1.2 4.3 3 3 3

Class 'A' train of loading

For maximum bending moment, the two loads of 11.40 t should be kept such that the resultant of the load system
and the load under consideration should be equidistant from the centre of span.

0 0 11.4 R 11.4 0
0 0 3.199 0.3 0.3 0.6 2.599 0
3.199 1.2 2.599
C D E F G
A 3.499 3.499 B

6.998

Dispersion Width Under 'C'

bef = a a ( 1 - a/lo) + b1
a = 2.909
a = 0.000
lo = 7.00
b1 = 0.5 + 2x 0.075 = 0.65
bef = 0.650 m < 1.80 m
Dispersion width not overlap

0.225 0.15 0.25 1.80

0.5 0.5

4.700

Combined dispersion width = 0.225 + 0.15 + 0.25 + 0.00 + 0.650 / 2

= 0.95 m

Intensity of load under 'C' = 0 x( 1 + 0.346 )

0.95
= 0.000 t

Dispersion Width Under 'D'

bef = a a ( 1 - a/lo) + b1
a = 2.909
a = 0.000
lo = 7.00
b1 = 0.5 + 2x 0.075 = 0.65
bef = 0.650 m < 1.80 m
Dispersion width not overlap
 51

Combined dispersion width = 0.225 + 0.15 + 0.25 + 0.90 + 0.000 / 2

= 1.525 m

Intensity of load under 'D' = 0 x( 1 + 0.346 )

1.525
= 0.000 t
Dispersion Width Under 'E'

bef = a a ( 1 - a/lo) + b1
a = 2.909
a = 3.199
lo = 7.00
b1 = 0.5 + 2x 0.075 = 0.65
bef = 5.702 m > 1.80 m
Dispersion Widths overlap

Combined dispersion width = 0.225 + 0.15 + 0.25 + 1.80 + 5.702 / 2

= 5.276 m

Intensity of load under 'E' = 11.4 x( 1 + 0.346 )

5.276
= 2.908 t
Dispersion Width Under 'F'

bef = a a ( 1 - a/lo) + b1
a = 2.909
a = 2.599
lo = 7.00
b1 = 0.5 + 2x 0.075 = 0.65
bef = 5.403 m > 1.80 m
Dispersion Widths overlap

Combined dispersion width = 0.225 + 0.15 + 0.25 + 1.80 + 5.403 / 2

= 5.127 m

Intensity of load under 'F' = 11.4 x( 1 + 0.346 )

5.127
= 2.993 t

Dispersion Width Under 'G'

bef = a a ( 1 - a/lo) + b1
a = 2.909
a = 0.000
lo = 7.00
b1 = 0.5 + 2x 0.075 = 0.65
bef = 0.650 m < 1.80 m
Dispersion width not overlap

Combined dispersion width = 0.225 + 0.15 + 0.25 + 0.00 + 0.650 / 2

= 0.95 m

Intensity of load under 'G' = 0.0 x( 1 + 0.346 )

0.95
= 0.000 t

0.000 0.000 2.908 R 2.993 0.000

0 0.000 3.199 0.3 0.3 0.6 2.599 0
3.199 1.2 2.599
C D E F G
A 3.499 3.499 B
 52
6.998
RA RB
 53

Taking moments about 'B'

RA x 7.00 = 0.000 x 6.998 + 0.000 x 6.998 + 2.908 x 3.799

+ 2.993 x 2.599 + 0.000 x 0

RA x 7.00 = 18.8263

RA = 18.8263 / 7.00
= 2.69 t

RB = 0.000 + 0.000 + 2.908 + 2.993 + 0.000 - 2.69

= 3.211 t

Live load Bending Moment at 'F' = 3.211 x 2.599 - 0.000 x 2.6

= 8.345 tm

Live load Bending Moment at 'E' = 2.69 x 3.199 - 0.000 x 3.2 - 0.000 x 3.2
= 8.605 tm

Maximum live load bending moment = 8.605 tm

Total bending moment M = Maximum live load bending moment + Dead load bending moment
= 8.605 + 7.989
= 16.594 tm

Effective depth required M

= √ Q*b

16.594 x 100000
= √ 11.045 x 100

= 38.76 < 39.75

Hence OK
Reinforcement:

Steel at bottom:
Main steel reinforcement required Ast = M
s st j d

= 16.594 x 100000
2000 x 0.902 x 39.75
= 23.141 cm2

As per clause 305.10 of IRC code 21-2000

Minimum area of tension reinforcement = 0.2% b d

= 0.2 x 100 x 39.8

100
= 7.95 < 23.141

Provide 25 mm dia. HYSD bars at 200 mm C/C

Ast provided = 24.531 cm2
> 23.141 cm2
Hence OK
Distribution Steel
As per clause 305.18.2 of IRC code 21-2000
Resisting moment = 0.3 times the moment due to concentrated live loads + 0.2 times the moment
due to other loads such as dead load, shrinkage, temperature etc.

= 0.3 * L.L B. M + 0.2*D.L B. Mom.

= 0.3 x 8.605 + 0.2 x 7.989

= 4.179 tm
 54
Effective depth = 45.00 - 4 - 2.5 - 0.6
= 37.90 cm

Ast required = M
s st j d

= 4.179 x 100000
2000 x 0.902 x 37.90
= 6.11 cm2

As per clause 305.16 of IRC code 21-2000

Minimum distribution reinforcement = 0.12 % of total cross section area

= 0.12 x 100 x 45.0

100
= 5.40 cm2 < 6.11 cm2

Hence provide minimun distribution reinforcement of 6.11 cm2

provide 12 mm dia. HYSD b175 mm C/C

Ast provided = 6.46 cm2

> 6.110 cm2
Hence OK
Top Reinforcement
Provide 12mm dia. HYSD bars at 200 mm C/C at top to take care of temperature and shrinkage in either direction
and also provide distribution steel of 12 mm dia. HYSD bars at 200 mm C/C on top

Check for shear

As per clause 305.16.3 of IRC code 21-2000, dispersion of loads along the span
Longitudinal dispersion = The effect of contact of wheel or track load in the direction of span length shall be taken as
equal to the dimension of the tyre contact area over the wearing surface of the slab
in the direction of the span plus twice the overall depth of the slab inclusive of the thickness of
the wearing surface.

= 0.25 + 2 *( 0.45 + 0.075 )

= 1.30 m

2.7 2.7 11.4 11.4

0.848 1.1 3.20 1.2 0.65

C D E F
A B
3.499 3.499
6.998
The load of 11.40 t may be kept at 1.300 /2 = 0.650 m from the support to get max. shear
Dispersion Width Under 'C'

bef = a a ( 1 - a/lo) + b1
a = 2.909
a = 0.848
lo = 6.998
b1 = 0.20 + 2x 0.075 = 0.350
bef = 2.518 m > 1.80 m
Dispersion Widths overlap

0.225 0.15 0.10 1.80

0.20 0.20
 55
4.700
 56
Combined dispersion width = 0.225 + 0.15 + 0.10 + 1.80 + 2.518 / 2

= 3.534 m

Intensity of load under 'C' = 2.7 x ( 1 + 0.346 )

3.534
= 1.028 t
Dispersion Width Under 'D'

bef = a a ( 1 - a/lo) + b1
a = 2.909
a = 1.948
lo = 6.998
b1 = 0.20 + 2x 0.075 = 0.350
bef = 4.439 m > 1.80 m
Dispersion Widths overlap

Combined dispersion width = 0.225 + 0.15 + 0.10 + 1.80 + 4.439 / 2

= 4.4945 m

Intensity of load under 'D' = 2.7 x ( 1 + 0.346 )

4.4945
= 0.809 t

Dispersion Width Under 'E'

bef = a a ( 1 - a/lo) + b1
a = 2.909
a = 1.850
lo = 6.998
b1 = 0.50 + 2x 0.075 = 0.650
bef = 4.609 m > 1.80 m
Dispersion Widths overlap

0.225 0.15 0.25 1.80

0.50 0.50

2.908

Combined dispersion width = 0.225 + 0.15 + 0.25 + 1.80 + 4.609 / 2

= 4.7295 m

Intensity of load under 'E' = 11 x ( 1 + 0.346 )

4.7295

= 3.244 t
 57
Dispersion Width Under 'F'

bef = a a ( 1 - a/lo) + b1
a = 2.909
a = 0.650
lo = 6.998
b1 = 0.50 + 2x 0.075 = 0.650
bef = 2.365 m > 1.80 m
Dispersion Widths overlap

Combined dispersion width = 0.225 + 0.15 + 0.25 + 1.80 + 2.365 / 2

= 3.6075 m

Intensity of load under 'F' = 11 x ( 1 + 0.346 )

3.6075

= 4.253 t

1.028 0.809 3.244 4.253

0.848 1.100 3.200 1.2 0.65

C D E F
A B
3.499 3.499
6.998
RA RB

Taking moments about 'B'

RA x 6.998 = 1.028 x 6.15 + 0.809 x 5.05 + 3.244 x 1.85

+ 4.253 x 0.65

RA x 6.998 = 19.174

RA = 19.174 / 6.998
= 2.74 t

RB = 1.028 + 0.809 + 3.24 + 4.253 - 2.74

= 6.594 t
= 6594 kg

Max. shear due to live load = 6594 kg

Shear due to dead load = wl

2
= 1305 x 6.998
2

= 4566 kg

Total shear due to dead load V = 6594 + 4566

= 11160 kg

As per clause 304.7.1.1.1 of IRC 21-2000

tv = V
bd
where V = the design shear across the section
b = breadth of the member, which for flanged sections shall be taken as the
breadth of the web, and
 58
d = effective depth of the section

tv = 11160
100 x 39.75

= 2.808 kg/cm2

As per clause 304.7.1.2, table 12A of IRC:21-2000,

tc max = 19.00 kg/cm2 for M25 grade

Ast provided = 24.53 cm2

100 Ast / b d = 100 x 24.53

100 x 39.75

= 0.617

from Table 12B of IRC:21-2000 tc = 0.333 N/mm2

= 3.33 kg/cm2

For solid slabs the permissible shear in concrete = k* tc

(vide cl. 304.7.1.3.2 of IRC:21-2000)

k for solid slab of 45.0 cm thick k = 1.0 (Table 12C of IRC:21-2000)

k* tc = 1 x 3.330 = 3.330 kg/cm2 > 2.808 kg/cm2

Hence safe against shear