Department of Mathematics, IIT Madras

MA1102 Series & Matrices

Assignment-1 Series

1. Show the following:

ln n
(a) lim = 0. (b) lim n1/n = 1. (c) lim xn = 0 for |x| < 1.
n→∞ n n→∞ n→∞
np xn  x n
(d) lim n = 0 for x > 1. (e) lim =0 (f) lim 1 + = ex
n→∞ x n→∞ n! n→∞ n
2. Prove the following:
(a) It is not possible that a series converges to a real number ` and also diverges to −∞.
(b) It is not possible that a series diverges to ∞ and also to −∞.
3. Prove the following:
P P P P P
(a) If both the series an and bn converge, then the series (an +bn ), (an −bn ) and kan converge;
P k is any real number.
where P P P
(b) If an converges and bn diverges to ±∞, then (an +bn ) diverges to ±∞, and (an −bn ) diverges
∓∞.
to P P
(c) If P an diverges to ±∞, and k > 0, then P kan diverges to ±∞.
(d) If an diverges to ±∞, and k < 0, then kan diverges to ∓∞.
4. Give examples for the following:
P P P
(a) P an and P bn both diverge, but P(an + bn ) converges to a nonzero number.
(b) P an and P bn both diverge, and P(an + bn ) diverges to ∞.
(c) an and bn both diverge, and (an + bn ) diverges to −∞.
5. Show that the sequence 1, 1.1, 1.1011, 1.10110111, 1.1011011101111 . . . converges.
∞
X 3n − 4
6. Compute the sum of the series .
6n
n=1
7. Determine whether the following series converge:
∞ ∞ ∞
X 1 X −n X ln n X 1 + n ln n
(a) (b) (c) (d)
n(n + 1) 3n + 1 n 3/2 1 + n2
n=1 n=1 n=1
1 2
2 3
3 n
n
8. Test for convergence the series + + + ··· + + · · ·.
Z ∞ 3 3 7 2n + 1
1
9. Is the integral dx convergent?
−∞ 1 + x2
10. Is the area under the curve y = (ln x)/x2 for 1 ≤ x < ∞ finite?
Z 3 Z 3
dx dx
11. Evaluate (a) 2/3
(b)
(x − 1) 0 x−1
Z ∞ 0
sin x
12. Show that dx converges for all p > 0.
1 xp
Z ∞
sin x
13. Show that dx converges for 0 < p ≤ 1.
0 xp
∞
X 1
14. Show that the series converges for α > 1 and diverges to ∞ for α ≤ 1.
n(ln n)α
n=2
∞
X 4n (n!)2
15. Does the series converge?
(2n)!
n=1
1 1 1 1 1
16. Does the series 1 − − + + + − · · · converge?
4 16 9 25 49
17. Let (an ) be a sequence of positive terms. Show that if ∞
P an P∞
n=1 1+an converges, then n=1 an converges.
P∞
18. Let (an ) be a sequence of positive decreasing terms. Show that if n=1 an converges, then the sequence (nan )
converges to 0.