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Nanotechnology shows promise for water purification through various techniques:
1) Surface engineered silica particles use a nanometre thin coating to attract and remove impurities through electrostatic forces.
2) Turbobeads are magnetic nanoparticles that attract and remove impurities using a magnet in just 5-10 minutes.
3) NanoH2O membranes use hydrophilic zeolite nanoparticles to filter water without external pressure, promising reduced energy usage.
Nanotechnology shows promise for water purification through various techniques:
1) Surface engineered silica particles use a nanometre thin coating to attract and remove impurities through electrostatic forces.
2) Turbobeads are magnetic nanoparticles that attract and remove impurities using a magnet in just 5-10 minutes.
3) NanoH2O membranes use hydrophilic zeolite nanoparticles to filter water without external pressure, promising reduced energy usage.
Nanotechnology shows promise for water purification through various techniques:
1) Surface engineered silica particles use a nanometre thin coating to attract and remove impurities through electrostatic forces.
2) Turbobeads are magnetic nanoparticles that attract and remove impurities using a magnet in just 5-10 minutes.
3) NanoH2O membranes use hydrophilic zeolite nanoparticles to filter water without external pressure, promising reduced energy usage.
Nirma University Nanotechnology in Water concept of nanotechnology was proposed accidentally as a hypothesis by Purification the eminent physicist Richard P. Aparna Sinha Feynman in one of his lectures long Alay Kankura back, it has become a reality very recently. Nanotechnology is finding Introduction applications in every field – from robotics and electronics to medicine. The More than two thirds of the earth’s world, as they say, is getting smaller. surface is covered by water. However, only one percent of this is available for To counter the water crisis, drinking without treating or melting nanotechnology is a promising tool. polar ice caps. About one billion people Water Purification is one of the major in the world cannot access drinking fields where this technology can have water and more than 2.4 billion people numerous applications. lack proper sanitary conditions. The major concern for water purifiers is In this time of water crisis, immediate to remove organic compounds, steps need to be taken for development biological pathogens, and heavy metals. of techniques that can make potable Many nanotechnology techniques have water more easily available. All over the been developed for the purpose. The world, scientists are trying to develop main objective of these methods is to technologies to provide safe and clean counter the problem at the molecular drinking water. Several methods are level. used for this purpose the common ones being RO systems, UV filters, biological methods…the list goes on.
One of the latest technologies emerging
today is nanotechnology. Though the The Processes Surface Engineered Silica Particles Researchers and scientists all over the world have come up with many Peter Majewski and Chiu Ping Chan of ingenious nanotechnological water Ian Wark Research Institute at the purification techniques. Some of these University of South Australia have come are as below: up with a new method for water purification. The use is efficient and - Surface engineered silica (SES) economical, the manufacturing process particles being simple and convenient. - Turbobeads - NanoH2O The method involves formation of - Filters developed by CSIRO special silica particles with a nanometre - Virus filters thin layer of active material on its - Carbon nanotubes surface. The particles are called Surface Engineered Silica Particles. The active medium is a hydrocarbon with silicon containing anchor that holds the layer onto the surface of the silica particle. The manufacture is very simple involving only mixing of the particles in the medium. The formation of the coating takes place through chemical self-assembly; hence no loss of energy is involved. The purification process involves mixing of SES particles into contaminated water, constant stirring for one hour and Turbobeads are highly specialised
then filtering the powder formed. The nanoparticles with magnetic properties.
SES particles act through electrostatic These particles are around 30 nm in
forces. The coating formed gives a
surface charge to the particles. When mixed with water, they attract impurities and hold them onto themselves. On filtering, the SES particles carry off the impurities and the filtrate is pure potable water. This method effectively removes Magnified view of Turbobeads bacteria, pathogens, viruses and other impurities. diameter and are effective water Similar to this concept, we have purifiers. They are metallic particles Turbobeads that use magnetic instead of having a functionalised covalent electrostatic effects. carboxyl coating over them.
The coating gives the particles their
magnetic properties. Turbobeads are added to the contaminated water and shook well for some time. The magnetic properties allow them to attract impurities. By using a simple commercial magnet the particles along with the impurities can be removed from water. The entire process takes about five to ten minutes. Conventional water filtration membranes are based on the principle that the small
Addition of turbo beads pores in the filters allow only water to
pass through. However, for effective filtration, pressure needs to be applied to push the water through pores.
NanoH2O uses the concept of
hydrophily. Filtration membranes are provided with zeolite nanoparticles. This After 5 minutes makes the membranes hydrophilic and water is attracted to it. The water gushes The water obtained is available for through the filter even without drinking purposes. The method can application of external pressure. remove all kinds of impurities including toxic metals and organic matter.
Another approach to water purification
is use of nano-filters. Nano-filters are an improvisation of conventional water filtration techniques. NanoH2O – zeolite particles in By use in desalination industries, membrane NanoH2O promises a 20% reduction in energy requirements and 70% increase in productivity. Virus filters Carbon Nanotubes
Scientists at the Pohang University of
Science Technology, South Korea have developed a new nanoporous membrane. This membrane is capable of filtering viruses. These membranes have a pore size of 17nm and are 160nm thick. These extremely small pores allow only water to pass through. Their fabrication
Magnified view of carbon nanotubes
Virus filter – magnified view
is simple as it involves self assembly.
The latest technology relating to water purification via nanotechnology is the However they have to be combined with use of carbon nanotubes. micro porous filters for effective filtration. This is because they lack in Scientists at the Bhabha Atomic mechanical strength. Due their thin-ness Research Centre have introduced the use they can not tolerate a pressure greater of carbon nanotubes for water than 4 bar. However with micro porous purification. They have developed single membranes they are very efficient and walled nanostructured tubes made of strong enough. carbon fullerenes. These hollow tubes are one billionth the thickness of normal pathogens. In fact, it has been found that human hair. these tubes have the ability to render bacteria inactive. Single walled carbon nanotubes, or SWCNTs, have very special properties. Studies have shown that the behaviour of water inside the tubes is different from that outside the tubes. This property is boggling the minds of scientists as they try to find a reason for such behaviour.
Difference in water behaviour inside and
outside the tube Structure of a single CNT
The small pore size of carbon nanotubes
and its special properties makes them very effective filters for removing impurities like arsenic, fluorides, heavy metals, organic chemicals and biological CSIRO filters
Scientists at CSIRO have developed a
filter that mimics nature. This biomimicry filtration process is an effective way to purified water. The pores of the membrane are structured similar to the pores in the membranes of animal cells. These pores have an hourglass shape. Only selected particles (water molecules in this case) can pass through these filters while all other particles and molecules cannot. Applications
Industries like Argonamide are
manufacturing water purifiers based on some of the above techniques. KX Industries have come up with the ‘Matrikx’ water purifier. A new device, the Trisep uses a spiral column of carbon nanotubes to purify water. In Mery-sur Oise, north of Paris, a large scale water purifier has been set up that works on nanotechnology. It purifies Trisep with its inventor, Hans Thomassen contaminated river water, providing constant supply of drinking water for the city. Arnuad Douveneau with his large scale water purifier in Mery-sur Oise
Papyrus Paper On: "Abstract On The Subject: SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT Track: Renewable Energy Urvish Soni (08BIC054) & Ankur Dalal (08BIC072) Email: (M) 9428532878