CHAPTER ONE

10 INTRODUCTION
A Petrol Station, Filling Station, Gas Station, Fueling Station, or

Service Station is a facility which sells fuel and lubricants for

motor vehicles, the most common fuel sold is petrol and

kerosene. According to Keble (1968), Petrol stations should be

located not only where they are in fact accessible but where

they can be easily located by strangers and that, in details,

they should be placed where they will little danger and

congestion as, much possible.

According to the central place theory (Christallers, 1966),

Service point could be distributed rationally according to the

size, spacing or distance and population to be served. This

means that, demand for products sold at filling stations would

be satisfied by a system of service points at the central places.

Consequently, the tangible expression in the landscape of any

urban activities should be distributed on of service points at

which a variety of demands are satisfied. Losch (1954) has

argued, however, that it is possible to have unequal distribution

of service centre’s (i.e. central places) around the metropolis

producing city rich and city poor sector. An urban planner faces
challenges of location of facilities and services that as a result

exposed our urban populace to some dangers. Kaduna is one

the town that experiences these problems that arises as a

result of un-coordinated development. The higher

concentration of petrol filling stations in Kaduna town most

especially in the city centre has resulted in problem in like

traffic congestion, pollution, fire and explosion. Areas worst hit

are Ahmadu Bello way and Ali Akilu way where there are higher

concentration of traffic generating land uses which includes

filling stations that are located very close to each other, with

inadequate set-back of space while others were sited on

roundabouts.

Therefore the need for a study on the spatial analysis of the

distribution and location of filling stations in Kaduna North Local

Government using GIS techniques becomes imperative, even

though different approaches had been carried out in other to

have a convenient and aesthetic environment for working and

living.

1.1 STATEMENT OF RESEARCH PROBLEMS

More than half of fast growing world population is living in

urban areas, and this is only expected to grow in more coming

decades (USAID, 2001). Most of the urban centers in the world

are exposed to some hazards, such as traffic congestion,

pollution and many more problems resulting from un-

coordinated development. Apart from these hazards, cities are

also confronted with other problems like accidents, explosion

and fire. Urban centers have a varying degree of vulnerability,

depending on the level of development, copping capacity and

the level to which effective development control strategies

have been implemented. In most urban areas, the high demand

placed on land resulted to illegal conversion, leading to

haphazard development and the deliberate location of petrol

stations in unsuitable areas and highly vulnerable to hazard

(KASUPDA, 2009).

Kaduna develop without a proper development planning and

suffers problems like traffic congestion, air pollution, explosion

and fire, encroachment on right of way of the road network, as

a result of non-adherence to planning Laws.

In a highly urbanized environment like Kaduna, Filling station is

a significant contributor to traffic problems like traffic problems

like traffic congestion, pollution, fire and explosion. The extent

of these problems depends on the criteria or variable such as

location, size and set back from road e.t.c.

Areas close to filling stations witness a lot of noise, congestion

and other traffic related problems, especially when there is fuel

scarcity which resulted in long queuing or where the fillings

does not conform with planning standards.

Indiscriminate parking leads to reduction in width of

carriageway meant for the efficient movement of automobiles

and pedestrians. Thus it becomes a major problem in our cities

and especially in the Central Business District, where multi-

storey buildings are common and the land use is devoted

mostly to commercial purpose.

The resultant effect of such illegal parking and queuing

therefore is traffic congestion, lost of productive hours and

delay journey.

Most of these problems identified problems of filling stations

still persist in Kaduna due to lack of adherence to planning

regulations.

This work, therefore addresses the problem confronting urban

environment in its bids to ensure sustainable location of filling

stations. This study explored GIS capability to analysis the

spatial location of filling stations in Kaduna North Local

Government Area Kaduna State and proffer ways of ensuring

strict compliance to planning laws and regulations with regards

to petroleum filling stations location. To achieve a desired goal,

this work identifies area of high concentration of filling stations

in Kaduna North Local Government Area.

Even though some studies had been carried out ,in relation to

this, prominent among them are : Assessing the environmental

sensitivity of petrol station in Europe,(Davies 2008),optimal

location of petrol pumps (Ayuba, 1998),Side potentiality of

petrol station based on traffic counts,(Abdulwahhab 2006),

Locational pattern of petrol stations in Kaduna (Ikuadabo

1998),Location and distribution of petrol stations in Kaduna

(Adamu, 2000) and Application of GIS in locating facilities and

services (A case study of petrol stations in NCBD Kenya),

(Nyanya 2010).

The studies mentioned above are robust; however there are

avenues for further research. Not much had been done for

developing nations and moreover the parameters used such as

site, geographical location, optimal location e.t.c. used in

studying petrol stations are still inadequate. In any case filling

stations can not be entirely study using only these criteria’s

.they empherical literature had proved that the later class of

variables has explanatory powers but the analysis was not

taken forward in terms of the inclusion of the use of GIS for

studying the spatial location and distribution of petrol stations.

1.2 AIM AND OBJECTIVES

AIM

The aim of study is to analyze the spatial distribution of petrol

filling stations in Kaduna North Local Government Area Kaduna

state. To achieve the aim the following objectives will be

studied:

1 To identify and locate petrol filling station is Kaduna North

LGA.

2 To determine the conformity of distribution of petrol filling

station with the physical planning standards.

3 To examine the implication of the spatial distribution of

petrol filling station is Kaduna North Local Government

Area.

1.3 SCOPE AND LIMINTATION

The scope of this is to analyze the spatial distribution of filling

stations in Kaduna North Local Government Area, Kaduna state.

Difficulties in obtaining information from agencies and parastals

as well as finances and time were the major limitation

encountered by the researcher.

1.4 STUDY AREA

Kaduna is located on 100 3 23 North of the equator and 70 20 25

East of the Greenwich meridian, Kaduna is the administrative

headquarters’ of old Northern Nigeria and Kaduna state capital.

(Wikipedia, 2010).
Figure 1: MAP OF NIGERIA SHOWING KADUNA STATE
 Figure 2: MAP OF KADUNA SHOWING KADUNA NORTH

1.5 JUSTIFICATION OF STUDY

Spatial analysis of the location and distribution of petrol

stations will prevent and prevail a qualitative urban

environment for living, working and recreation. The problem of

indiscriminate location of petrol stations is taking place at

alarming rate in almost all Nigerian cities and Kaduna

metropolis inclusive.

Therefore, the study is relevant to Kaduna North Local

Government as a frame work for the state government, and

stakeholders. It will serve as a guide for individuals, developers

and other stakeholders.

Finally to the Researchers it will also serve a base for further

research work and reference material for researchers who

intend to carry out similar research in the future.

 CHAPTER TWO

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK AND LITERATURE REVIEW

10 INTRODUCTION

This chapter tends to review some related literature and also

link with the present situation.

2.1 REVIEW OF RELEVANT LETERATURE

There has been a growing literature both empherical as well as
theoretical to analyses the location of petrol and establish the
factors of location of filling stations on our towns and cities.
Important studies include:

2.2.1 Assessing the environmental sensitivity of petrol stations

in Europe, Davies, 2008.

Davies access location in Europe with emphasis on

environmental sensitivity. In his work he focuses on the scale of
potential risk of these stations on the environment and human
resources.

2.2.3 Optimal location of petrol pumps (integrating GIS with

mathematical model) (Ayub, 1998).

This study was conducted for Saudi Arabia by which focuses on

the optimal location of petrol pumps by integrating GIS and
mathematical models.
2.2.4 Site potentiality base on traffic counts (Abdulwahab,
2006).

He analyses site potentiality of petrol stations based on traffic

volume and other factors that affects location of filling stations
as well as effect of location of filling stations as well as effects
of petro fillings on the environment and human beings.

2.3.5 Geographical location of petrol stations in Nigeria,(Lawal,

2006).

He studied the Geographical location of service station in

relation to other services as well as their spatial locations,
factors to be considered before sitting a petrol station as well
as effect of such stations to environment.

2.2.6 Locational pattern of petrol stations in Kaduna, (Ikuadabo,

1998).

Ikuadabo based his work on locational pattern fuel service

station in Kaduna, he studied how they are spatially distributed.

2.2.7 Location and Distribution of petrol stations in Kaduna

(Adamu, 2000)

Attempted to identify the cause and dimension of problems

that arise as a result of locating a filling station in Kaduna and
also its effects on settlements around.

2.2.8 Application of GIS in locating facilities and services (A

case study of petrol stations NCBD, Kenya), Nyanya, 2010.
This study employs the use of GIS technology in locating of
facilities and services with special emphases on filling stations.
He uses GIS technology to study all filling stations in their
spatial context.

Studies mentioned above are robust; however, there are

avenues for further research. Not much work had been carried
out for developing countries. More over approaches employed
by previous researcher in studying his is no enough. In any
case, the spatial analysis of the location and distribution of
petrol stations using GIS will go further toin studying these
filling stations in their spatial context with a view to addressing
the problems that may arises as a result.

2.2 CONCEPTS

2.1.1 PETROL STATION

A petrol station is a retail establishment where motor vehicle

are refueled, lubricated, serviced, and sometimes repaired

(Friedman, 1978). Most petrol stations sell petrol or diesel,

some carry specialty fuels such as liquefied petroleum gas

(LPG), natural gas, hydrogen, biodiesel, kerosene, or butane

while the rest add shops to their primary business, And

convenience stores (The American Heritage Dictionary,

2004).Meanwhile. Petrol retailer or entrepreneur is any person

who carries on a business which sells petrol retailer or

entrepreneur is any person who carried on motor vehicles

(Sedgwick, 1969).

2.1.2OTHER GUIDE LINES FOR LOCATION FOR PETROL

FILLING STATIONS.

A petrol station shall not be located less than 330 feet (100.6

meters) from a road intersection, traffic network, level crossing

and other vehicular points to avoid traffic congestion.

a. Filling stations should not be located less than 100.6 meters

from school, hospital, theaters, clinic and other public and

semi-public buildings. This is to avoid fire disaster in the

public places.

b. To filling bay should have enough setbacks from the centre

of the abutting roads?

c. The use of filling stations as motor garage, loading and off

loading points, repair workshop or put to other unauthorized

used, should be discouraged on strictly enforced.

d. Filling stations should not be allowed in residential stress,

dead-end streets and loop streets (crescent), to safe guard

fire hydrant, bucket with send, fire extinguisher, wash hand

basin, water closet, grease trap and first aid box.

2.1.3 GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM (GIS)

Geographic Information system (GIS) can be looked upon as a

computer software hardware, data and personnel to help

manipulate, analyze, and present information, that is tied to a

spatial or geographic location (shayya, 2004) this is a very

general definition, and to expand it, (GIS is defined as a

computer system which stores for each feature (Bail &

Klosterman, 2001). It is a tool that allows for the processing of

spatial data into information and sis used to make decisions

about some portion of the earth (Demers, 2000 shayya, 2004).

2.1.4GUIDELINES FOR LOCATION OF PETROL FILLING

STATIONS
1 Site layout The major consideration governing site layout

relate to matters of traffic flow and safety. The

final solution is nearly uneasily compromise

between commercial viability and satisfactory

planning.
2 Location Economically, an ideal location is at the point of

intersection of major traffic routes. The prime

position however, must be at a spot where the

flow is comparatively slow in order to attract the

attention of the customers an motorist from

planning point of view, a petrol station should

not be cited opposite a break in a centre which

is likely to encourage the traffic to cross the

road or should it be close to a junction on

roundabout, it could be advantageous to place it

where traffic flows, provided it does not

interface with turning and leaving traffic.

3 Entrance and The entrance and exit should both give clear line

exit of vision, a one way system of service is

preferable, a clear line is of great advantage and

plenty of space should be allowed for queuing

during peak periods.

4 Auxiliary Apart from traffic consideration; area care might
 activities have to be exercised over auxiliary activities

such as car repair and sales of goods. These can

often cause additional congestion in the

particular area.
5 Design and The design and appearance of a filing station is

appearance important, not only in it structure and layout but

also in display of advertisements which with this

type of development can reach

Absurd and usually disastrous proportion with

the above statements, planners should study

critically the location petrol stations before

given their consent so as to be sure that the

petrol station is of good location in relation to

abutting road, and the economical point of view

should be considered as well.

Source: Adamu S. (1994)

2.1.5 HIGHWAY DESIGN MANUAL FOR FILLING

STATIONS

Vehicles leaving or entering petrol filling station, not only

reduce the effective capacity of the roadway, they also are

likely to cause accidents. The minimum distance between two

(2) installations should be 90 meters it is desirable to space

filling stations at 400 meters apart. The table below gives the

minimum requirements concerning the design of cellars

roadway and the location of installation.

2.1.6 PETROL FILLING STATION MINIMUN DISTANCE.

a. Distance from intersection 500m

b. Distance apart 400m

c. Drive way width entry exit 9m

d. Frontage width 50m

e. Drive way width (entry or exit only) 3m

f. Radius of kerb 12m

g. Setback of pump from pavement edge 5m

2.1.7 PROCEDURE AND CONDITIONS FOR OPERATION

OF PETROL FILLING STATION.
a. Application for approval to construct a filling station for

retailing petroleum products to the public shall be submitted

to the head of petroleum inspectorate, giving details of the

proposals and any information that may be relevant for the

project. In addition, the following document must a company

the application.

b. Three copies of a plan showing the building existing

proposed on the site and the relation of the site, the roadway

and adjoining land use.

c. A certificate signed by the chief federal/state fire officer or

by an officer authorized by him in his behalf, that he is

satisfied that the arrangement proposed for the prevention

of fire are satisfactory.

d. A letter a approved form the town planning authority of the

area for the construction of a petrol station on the proposed

site.

e. A certificate signed by a state police commissioner or a

supervisor police in charge of police motor traffic division

that he is satisfied that the site and layout of the proposed

filling station do not constitute an unnecessary traffic hazard.

 f. Evidence that the company applying is duly registered by the

federal ministry of commerce to deal in petroleum products.

g. Tax receipt or clearance certificate for the proceeding those

years. After the above listed document has been submitted

inspection of the site will then be arranged.

h. Approval will be granted by the inspectorate. If the proposed

site fulfils the necessary conditions stipulated in the

regulations.

2.1.8 STANDARD FOR SITTING PETROL FILLING STATIONS.

1 Sitting of petrol – A petrol filling station should be sited

station for every 5000 people.

a. Residential areas – A petrol filling station should be sited

b. Commercial/indu 200 meters away from the next petrol

strial areas station.

2 Distance between – Distance of filling station from another

filling stations should be within the range of 400 and

above meters within the buildup

areas.
 – NB: These distance are applicable to

single a carriage way.

– A petrol station can be on either sides

of carriage way.
3 Distance from – The minimum distance from center of

centre of the Road. the road to the dispensing pump on

single carriage way should be 20

meters.

– The minimum distance from center of

the dispensing pump on dual carriage

way should be 50 meters.

– Petrol should not be sited on areas

prone to erosion or flooding.

– A petrol station should not be sited

near endangered plant and animal

species.

– A petrol station should be sited 50

meters away in all angles of the build-

up areas to create a buffer zone for

the residential houses.

– The buffer zone can be devoted to any

non-residential use.
4 Set-back – The minimum of the plot within the

requirement buildup area should

(1000m2)

– Plot size beyond peripheral area

should be 60m x 80 (4800m2, 0.4

hectares 1.186 acres)

– NB: sitting a petrol station within the

build up area should be discouraged

as much as possible.
5 Land requirements – A petrol station provides at least two

(2) public conveniences when

submitting application further filling

for the grand of planning permission.

– Application for a petrol filling station

must have KEPA’s report, KASUPDA’s

planning report’ feasibility study

police and for service report.

– A petrol filling station should provide

detailed drawing to the fire fighting

measures to be installed which should

be in accordance with national fire

fighting code of Nigeria when

 submitting plans for the grant of

planning permission.

CHAPTER THREE

3.1 METHODOLOGY

This chapter looks into different methods used for data

collection. These techniques apply for sourcing out data

includes field observation, interview, and relevant literatures.

Data in any research whether scientific or social science largely

divided into two types that is primary and secondary methods

of data collection.

PRIMARY DATA
 1. This is the first primary data; obtained through physical

observations and interviews. This was in order to identify

and study the high concentration of filling station in

Kaduna town most especially in the city centre.

2. The second primary data was obtained by using GPS

receiver to record the locations of filling station within the

study area. Also surveyed, where the location of important

features that are not on existing map.

SECONDARY DATA

These are extracts and documented literature gotten from

journals, thesis, agencies, and information downloaded

from the internet. The map of Kaduna north was obtained

from the Kaduna state ministry of lands. The map was

digitized into GIS environment. ArcMap was used for

proper distribution of filling station on the map.

3.2 FIELD OBSERVATION

This is a very important technique that is used in data

collection, it involves going to the field to observe, feel and

move the object. This method affords the researcher to see

things on their natural stage and also help to consolidate what

was theoretically thought in class to the life situation. This

method allows firsthand information of the subject matter. In

the course of this study, visits were made to the filling station

and question was answer from the owners and managers of the

filling stations.

3.3 GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM APPLICATION

Odedare [1991], define GIS as a ‘’ system for integration of

spatially referenced data for decision making in a problem

solving environment. In other words, GIS is a decision making

tool that deals with decision that have to do with utilization of

space, how we organized things in space, the emphases is on

spatial data. Its strength is in the ability to bring in data from

different sources, integrate them in different ways in order to

solve particular spatial problem’’. This definition seems to be

very elaborate by incorporating all the attribute of GIS, and it

was agreed by Jones [1997] who, defined GIS as ‘’computer

system capable of acquiring, storing, analyzing, retrieving,

processing and displaying geographic data’’. This definition

successful spells out the functionalities of GIS. Sowton [1990]

also defined GIS as system that allows the capture and display

of a number of previously unconnected datasets, bringing them

into a common reference system for spatial analysis from which

relationship can be identified and decision made.

GIS technology has developed rapidly over the past 3 decades:

it is now accepted as an essential tool for the effective use of

geographic information. It has provided an exciting potential for

geographic information to be used more systematically and by

greater diversity of discipline than ever before, [Aronoff, 1993].

This tool has become popular in establishing the real world

model in a defined space and time reference system. It

integrates all natural, social and economic phenomenons with

their attributes of space and time, [Jones 1997]. GIS application

involves the use of geographic information system in satisfying

a given need. However, application depends on how GIS is

being used. In some cases, it is used as an organizing

framework for systematic collection, storage and analysis of

data. While in other, it is used as a means of taking appropriate

decision in which case, it becomes part of decision support

system [DSS]. When these two are combined, GIS would be

seen to possess a wide range of applications [Adeniran, 1999].

Spatial problems require decisions to be made over space. One

of such decisions is on the spatial distribution of filling station.

 The major concern of physical planning is the proper

designation of suitable areas for appropriate land uses. The

selection of these sites must be based on a set of criteria to

ensure that the minimum cost benefit ratio for a commodity is

attained. The various characteristics of a site influence its

suitability for a specific land use, identification of sites that

meet particular criteria is one of the main spatial analytical

applications of GIS. More so, it is one of the early motivating

factors in developing GIS technology with the need to perform

suitability analysis in which the objective is to find sites or

regions that satisfy particular criteria of land usage and terrain

characteristics, [Jones 1997].

The ability to overlay several thematic layers of map using GIS

is to identify regions that combine selected attributes from

each of the layer is one of the analytical facilities provided by

GIS packages. A suitability map is created by combining maps

with rated suitability factors whose importance is dependent on

the intended land use. Based on this importance, the suitability

factor is given additional weight to influence the final output.

This analysis uses either Boolean factor or weighted linear

combination for its [Odedare, 1999].

Jones [1997], distinguished the two types of analyses by

describing Boolean operations as appropriate, if each factor or

constraint under consideration is of equal importance. In

practice, certain factors may be much more important than

others, and it may be desirable to differentiate between

candidate sites according to how well they meet the various

criteria. The relative levels of importance of the different types

of data can be taken into account by attaching numeric weights

to each of the layers in an overlay operation. Regions that meet

all the search criteria are then associated with weighted

summations of factors in each layer. The use of weighted

constraints only goes part of the way to taking into account the

relative importance of the different factors.

 CHAPTER FOUR

4.0. DATA ANALYSIS AND PRESENTATION

4.1. SPATIAL LOCATION OF FILLING STATIONS IN KADUNA

From the data survey carried out Kaduna has 23 petrol stations

most of which located along the major road that passes though

the centre of the town. The table below shows the distribution

of filling stations in Kaduna.

TABLE 4.1: FILLING STATIONS

S/N NAME LOCATION LONGITUDE

OF LATITTUDE

STATI

ON
1 Kwiwa Kawo 328113

1161663
2 Himma Kawo 328118

116156
3 Oando Kawo 327108

1169605
4 Lalan Kawo 327098

1169609
5 Oando Unguwar Sarki 327393

1169602
6 African Unguwar Shanu 327491

Petrol 1169604
7 Mobil Lugard Round. 327598

1169605
8 Oando Abakpa 327599

1169606
9 NNPC Abakpa 327600

1170801
10 MRS Bank Road

Roundabout 327601

1170831
11 Conoil Warf Road

Roundabout 327660

1170852
12 African Magadishu

Petrol Motors 327662

1170853
13 Mobil Levantis

Roundabout 327663

1170855
14 Conoil Kasuwa 327664

1170866
15 Oando Kasuwa 327668
 1170869
16 Edijen UTC 327779

1170888
17 Mobil Durbar Hotel 327789

1170889
18 Oando Stadium

Roundabout 327896

1170899
19 Conoil Stadium

Roundabout 329876

1170999
20 Oando Stadium

Roundabout 329977

1178100
21 Oando NAF 329979

1177820
22 Fuad Kawo 329983

1177784
23 Gajere U/Gwari 329989

1177789
Source: field survey, 2010
Figure 3: Map of Kaduna North showing the location of filling

stations

4.2 SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF FILLING STATIONS IN

KADUNA NORTH LOCAL GOVERNEMENT AREA.

 From the inventory carried out, it was revealed that the total of

22 filling stations are in the study area and all of them are

operating out these filling station, 16 out of the 22 filling

stations (69.5%) are not in conformity with the conformity with

the standard. They where access based on space occupied,

distance apart, setback and there location in relation to

roundabout.

TABLE 4.2: SPATIAL ANALYSIS OF PETROL FILLING

STATION IN KADUNA.

S/N NAME OF LOCATION SPACE DISTANCE SETBACK LOCATION REMARK

STATION OCCUPIED APART (M) (M) ON A

(M2) ROUND

ABOUT
1 Kwiwa Kawo 1070 254 51 No OK
2 Himma Kawo 1050 254 50 No OK
3 Oando Kawo 850 0 20 No Inadequate

space/minimum

space between

station not

observed
4 Lalan Kawo 1065 0 23 No Minimum

space between

station not

observed
5 Oando Unguwar 800 850 45 No Located on a
 Sarki junction/

setback and

inadequate

space
6 African Unguwar 1040 850 51 No OK

Petrol Shanu
7 Mobil Lugard 1048 490 40 Yes Located on a

Roundab Roundabout/in

-out adequate set

back
8 Total Abakpa 950 100 50 No Inadequate

space
9 NNPC Abakpa 845 100 43 No Inadequate

space/setback
10 MRS Bank 1090 1050 59 No OK

Road

Roundab

o-ut
11 Conoil Warf 900 150 51 Yes Inadequate

Road space/inadequa

Roundab te space

o-ut
12 African Mogadish 1085 150 56 No OK

Petrol u

Motors
13 Mobil Levantis 710 150 48 Yes Inadequate

Roundab space/setback
 out
14 Conoil Kasuwa 870 0 41 No Inadequate

space/minimum

space between

station not

observed/setba

ck
15 Oando Kasuwa 900 0 48 No Inadequate

space/

minimum space

between station

not observed/

setback
16 Edijen UTC 950 150 50 No Inadequate

space
17 Mobil Durbar 1070 1150 50 No OK

Hotel
18 Oando Stadium 980 0 46 Yes Located on a

Roundab Roundabout/se

out tback
19 Conoil Stadium 974 0 44 Yes Located on a

Roundab Roundabout/se

out tback
20 Oando Stadium 900 65 49 Yes Located on a

Roundab Roundabout/se

out tback
21 MRS NAF 1050 1250 50 No OK
22 Fuad Kawo 950 60 15 No Inadequate

space/setback
23 Garaje U/Gwari 1005 401 51 No OK
Source: field survey, 2010

SPATIAL QUERY

Performing queries on a GIS database to retrieve data is

an essential part of most GIS projects. Queries offer a method

of data retrieval and can be performed on data that are part of

GIS database or new data produced as a result of data

analyses.

For this project, each of the created layers of information

was retrieved one after the other, and was queried accordingly

to be ready for further analysis.

Figure 4: GIS Demonstration of attributes in layers

1. Window of layer showing owner and location of filling

station
2. Window of layer showing the identity of a particular filling
station
3. Window showing filling station ID through query builder.
 CHAPTER FIVE

5.0 SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

5.1 SUMMARY

From the analysis of the data collected of the characteristics of

filling station within Kaduna North Local Government Area, the

following inferences can be drawn:

➢ Petrol station are located in the CBD constitutes traffic

problem as a result of their indiscriminate nature of

location.

➢ Some of the filing stations are located either on a road

junction or on a roundabout.

➢ Most of the petrol station does not have adequate

setback.

➢ Some of the filling stations are located in an inadequate

space.

➢ There is a high of conversion of other uses for petrol

stations.

5.2 CONCLUSION
Recognizing the fact that petrol stations are indispensible in

urban areas. The principles and standard must be adhere to. In

order to achieve the previously stated an aim of the study of

developers both in terms of land and location. This is to

encourage a high standard of services to the people. The

proposals and recommendations are made in order to cater for

the poor location and distribution of filling stations in Kaduna

North Local Government Area, also in order to achieve,

convenience, aesthetic and safety environment.

In conclusion, GIS is a veritable tool for vital decision making in

the management of location related issues, provided it is built

on a well-designed database. The database must also be

amenable to updating from time to time.

5.3 RECOMMENDATION

From the analysis of the existing situation and inferences

drawn of the petrol stations within the study area have impact

on motorist urban dwellers as well as the entire urban as a

whole. Consequently, appropriate recommendations for

planning of petrol stations within the study area were made

thus.
1. The earmarking of areas to be devoted for petrol stations to

be located within neighborhoods sector and master plan.

This is to check the proliferations and haphazard location of

petrol station are included in various plans.

2. A minimum distance of 100m should be observed from one

petrol station to the other. This will reduce the of traffic

congestion and increase convenience.

3. A petrol station must be 1800m2 and above for area

coverage, which will give adequate space for services.

4. Location o petrol stations along those major roads should

discourage.

5. Relocation of petrol stations on the roundabout.

6. Planning authorities should ensure that all filling stations are

in conformity with the standards.

 REFERENCES

Chapin, F.S (1972): Urban Land use Planning. Urban, Chicago,

London: University of Illinois Press.

Chorley Committee Report (1987): Handling Geographic

Information Department of Environment, London: HMSO.

Jefferson C. Boyce: Digital Computer Fundamentals, Prentice

Hall International Inc. London.

Heorge, C.K. (2000): ‘’Planning, Monitoring and Change of Use

in Nigeria Cities – A perspective of Lagos Metropolis’’ Paper

presented at the Obasanjo collective National Workshop, Lagos.

George C.K (1996): ‘’Housing Substainable Development in

Lagos Metropolis – A challenge for Town Planners’’. A paper

presented at 27th Annual Conference of Nigeria Institute of

Town Planners, Benin-City, Edo State.