Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
2) Show that the product of two even signals or of two odd signals is an even signal
while the product of an even signal and an odd signal is an odd signal.
Proof: product of an even signal and an odd signal is an odd signal
Let even signal be g[n] and odd signal be h[n]
Product by f[n]=g[n]*h[n]; Now, f(-n)=g[-n]*h[-n]
g(n) is even g[-n]=g[n]; and as h[n] is odd, h[-n]=-h[n]
Substitute into the above equation, f[-n]=-g[n]*h[n]
But g[n]*h[n] is simply f[n] So, f[-n]=-f[n]
Proof: Product of two even signals or of two odd signals is an even signal
h(-x)=f(-x)*g(-x)=f(x)*g(x)=h(x)
3) State and prove that convolution in the time domain is the same as multiplication
in the z-domain.
If x1 (n) & x2 (n) are two sequences
x1 (n) z
X1 ( z) & x2 (n) z
X 2 ( z)
x (n) x2 (n) X1 ( z) X 2 ( z)
Then 1 z
Proof:
n
Z .T x1 (n) x2 (n) x1 (k ) x2 (n k ) z x1 (k ) x2 (n k ) z n k
n k k n
x (k )z
k
1
k
X 2 ( z) X1 ( z) X 2 ( z)
4) Determine the magnitude and phase representation for the following system:
1
y(n) y(n 1) x(n) x(n 1) .
4
Solution:
Y ( z ) 0.25z 1Y ( z) X ( z) z 1 X ( z)
Y ( z) 1 z 1
H ( z)
X ( z ) 1 0.25 z 1
1 cos j sin
Magnitude response: H (e j )
1 0.25 cos j 0.25 sin
9) Justify the usage of Branch, Call and Return instruction in Digital Signal
Processor.
Branch,Call and Return instructions are the control Instructions in Digital Signal
Processor.
BACC[D]-Branch to location specified by accumulator
CC[D]-Call conditionally
RET-Return
RC[D]-Return conditionally
10) Name any 4 assembler directives and their usage in any digital signal processor.
The response due to delayed input is, yn, k x(n k ) cos n ---- (1)
While the delayed response is, yn k x(n k ) cos (n k ) ----- (2)
Eqn. (1) (2); So the system is time variant.
Stability property:
The impulse response is, h(n) (n) cos n
1 for n 0
where, (n)
0 for n 0
Put n=0; h(0) (0) cos 0 1; put n=1; h(1) (1) cos 1 0; h(n) (n) cos n
Hence the system is stable.
11.(a) ii) Check whether the following systems are static, linear, time invariant,
causal or stable. y(n) x(n) nx(n 1) [5]
True.
T1 is causal i.e., v(n) depends only on x(k) for k n .
T2 is causal i.e., y(n) depends only on v(k) for k n . Therefore, y(n) depends only on
v(k) for k n . Hence T is causal.
ii) If T1 and T2 are linear and time invariant, then interchanging the order doesn’t
change the system T.
True
The output of the second system is,
y(n) T2 v(n) T2 T1 x(n) T2T1 x(n) Tc x(n)
However, if T1 and T2 are linear and time invariant, then Tc is time invariant and
T2T1 TT
1 2 i.e., the order in which system process the signal is not important.
e3 z 1 e3
X ( z)
n
x(n) z n e3n z n = (e 3 z 1 )n
n 1 n 1
=
1 e3 z 1 Z e3
1 1
ROC: e3 z 1 1 3 1 z
ez e3
Z 0.5
0.5n
n0
x1 (n)
0 n<0
0.5
n-k 0 k n
n-k
x1 (n k )
0 k>n
Z
X 2 (Z ) x2 (n) 0.25 u (n)
n
Z 0.25
0.25
k0
k
x2 (k )
0 k<0
x(n) x1 (n)* x2 (n) x (n k ) x (k )
k
1 2
n n n
x(n) 0.5 0.25 2k 0.25 0.5 0.5
nk k k n k
k 0 k 0 k 0
n 0.5 0.5
0
n 1
x(n) 0.5
1 0.5
2
x(n) 0.5 1 0.5 0.5 u(n)
n n
3
12. b) Compute and sketch the convolution and correlation of the two signals
x(n)={1,2,3,4} and h(n)={1,2,3,4) (7+6)
Convolution:
X z 1 2z 1 3z 2 4z 3
H z z 3 2z 2 3z 4
Y z X z H z 1 2z 1 3z 2 4z 3 z 3 2z 2 3z 4
z 3 4z 2 10z 20 25z 1 24z 2 16z 3
y n 1,4,10,20,25,24,16
13.a)Compute the FFT using DIT algorithm for the following sequence: (7)
X(n)={1.-1,-1,-1,1,1,1,-1}
13. b) ii) Establish the relationship between Fourier transform and Z-transform. (6)
14. a) Determine H(z) for a Butterworth filter satisfying the following constraints
using impulse invariant transformation and T=1 sec. (13)
Pass band edge magnitude= 0.5
Pass band frequency=
2
Stop band magnitude=0.2
3
Stop band frequency=
4
Solution:
1
0.5 =0.707; A1 0.707 and 1 0.5
1 2
1
0.2 ; A2 0.2 and 2 0.75
1 2
The pre warped frequencies are,
p 1 0.5 rad / sec
T
Determination of order:
1/ A2 2 1
log
1/ A12 1
1
N1 0.5
3.92 [OR]
N log / log =3.92
log S
k
P
Choose N=4
Determination of cutoff frequency:
P
C 1
0.5 1.57 rad / sec
1/ A 1
1
2 2N
S S
Applying LP to LP transformation i.e., S
C 1.57
1.57
4
H a (S )
S 2
1.2S 1 S 2 2.9S 1
1.57
4
AS B CS D
2
S 2
1.2S 1 S 2.9S 1
2
S 1.2S 1 S 2.9S 1
2
H a ( S ) 1.456
S 0.6
0.6
S 0.6 2 1.452 S 0.6 2 1.452
S 1.45
1.45 0.6
S 1.45 0.6 0.6 S 1.45 0.6
2 2 2 2
H a ( S ) 1.456
S 0.6
0.6 1.45
S 0.6 2 1.452 1.45 S 0.6 2 1.452
b e aT SinbTZ 1
WKT, IIT
S a 2 b 2 1 2e aT CosbTZ 1 e2 aT Z 2
S a IIT 1 e aT CosbTZ 1
S a 2 b 2 1 2e aT CosbTZ 1 e2 aT Z 2
S 1.45 IIT
1 e1.45 Cos0.6 Z 1
1 0.2Z 1
S 1.452 0.62 1 2e1.45 Cos0.6 Z 1 e21.45 Z 2 1 0.4Z 1 0.055Z 2
S 0.6 IIT
1 e 0.6 Cos1.45 Z 1
1 0.066Z 1
S 0.6 2 1.452 1 2e 0.6 Cos1.45 Z 1 e20.6 Z 2 1 0.13Z 1 0.3Z 2
1 0.2Z 1 0.13Z 1
2.42 2
1 0.4Z 0.055Z
1 2
1 0.4Z 0.055Z
1
H ( Z ) 1.456 1
1 0.066Z 0.54Z 1
0.41
1 0.13Z 1 0.3Z 2
1 0.13Z 1 0.3Z 2
15.b) Discuss in brief the addressing formats and functional modes of any one
commercial DSP.(13)
1. Immediate addressing.
2. Direct addressing.
3. Indirect addressing.
4. Memory mapped addressing
5. Circular addressing.
6. Register addressing
1. Immediate addressing:
• Used to modify the memory-mapped registers without affecting the current data
page
pointer (DP) or stack-pointer (SP)
– Overhead for writing to a register is minimal
– Works for direct and indirect addressing
– Scratch –pad RAM located on data PAGE0 can be modified
5. Circular Buffer Addressing:
• Used for FFT algorithms. Special circular Buffer registers are used,
(ie).CBSR1- Circular Buffer Start Register1
CBER1- Circular Buffer End Register1
CBSR2- Circular Buffer Start Register2
CBER2- Circular Buffer End Register2
6. Register Addressing:
Accumulator content is used as address to transfer data between Program and Data
memory.Ex: READA *AR2
16.a.ii) Justify and explain the necessity for quantization and the Nyquist criterions
influence on the quantization function. (5)
Digital Signal Processing system:
Sampling: This is the conversion of continuous time signal into a discrete time signal
obtained by taking samples of the continuous time signal at discrete time instants.
(OR)
16. b) Obtain the parallel and cascade realization of the following filter structure
using Transpose form II. (7+8)
H (Z )
3 5Z
1
0.6 3Z 1
1 5Z 1 2Z 2 1 Z 1
Solution:
Cascade form:
H (Z )
3 5Z 1 0.6 3Z 1
1 5Z 1 2Z 2 1 Z 1
Prepared by Prof.S.Nagammai, HOD/EIE, KLNCE A.16
Anna University Examination Questions
Parallel form:
H (Z )
3 5Z 1 0.6 3Z 1
1 5Z 1 2Z 2 1 Z 1
Z 1.8Z 2 12Z 15 Z 1.8Z 2 12Z 15
H (Z )
Z 2
5Z 2 Z 1 Z 4.56 Z 0.44 Z 1
H (Z )
1.8Z 2 12 Z 15
Z Z 4.56 Z 0.44 Z 1
Applying PFE to
1.8Z 2
12 Z 15
Z 4.56 Z 0.44 Z 1
1.8Z 2
12Z 15 A
B
C
Z 4.56 Z 0.44 Z 1 Z 4.56 Z 0.44 Z 1
Solving for constants, A= 7.26 B=8.94 & C= -14.4
7.26Z 8.94Z 14.4Z 7.26 8.94 14.4
H (Z )
Z 4.56 Z 0.44 Z 1 1 4.56Z 1 0.44Z 1 Z 1
1 1