@Language Adda

Parthosarathi Padhy

All About Mastering

VERBS Æ FORMS Æ TENSES Æ STRUCTURES Æ TRANSFORMATIONS

PARTHOSARATHI PADHY https://www.facebook.com/parthosarathi.padhy
MCA, MA(English),LL.B
https://www.facebook.com/LanguageAdda
@Language Adda
Parthosarathi Padhy
VERBS
VERB: A word that denotes an action, or state of being(existence).

BASIC VERB FORMS

Forms Ex 1 Ex 2
1 Base do eat Not used in any tense
2 To Infinitive to do to eat Used in all tenses
3 Present do/does eat/eats

known as: 4 Past did ate

Used for specific tenses.
Principle Verb Forms 5 Past Participle done eaten
6 Present Participle doing eating
@Language Adda PRINCIPLE VERB FORMS
Parthosarathi Padhy FORM CHANGING
V1 V2 V3 V4 RULE  
V Past  Present FOR  EACH TYPE
Base Present Past
E Participle Participle
R R 1 act act/acts acted acted acting v1 Æ ‘s’ ;  v2,v3 Æ ‘ed’ ; v4 Æ ‘ing’
B E 2 fix fix/fixes fixed fixed fixing v1 Æ ‘es’ ;  v2,v3 Æ ‘ed’ ; v4 Æ ‘ing’
G
C U 3 free free/frees freed freed freeing v1 Æ ‘s’ ;  v2,v3 Æ ‘d’ ; v4 Æ ‘ing’

O L 4 like like/likes liked liked liking v1 Æ ‘s’ ;  v2,v3 Æ ‘d’ ; v4 Æ e ‘ing’

N A 5 die die/dies died died dying v1Æ‘s’; v2,v3Æ’d’; v4Æie y + ‘ing’
J R
U 6 fit fit/fits fitted fitted fitting v1Æ‘s’; v2,v3Æ doubling +’ed’; v4Æ doubling +‘ing’

G 7 cry cry/cries cried cried crying v1Æy i + ‘es’; v2,v3Æ y i + ‘ed’; v4Æ‘ing’

A Past  Present
T I Base Present Past
R Participle Participle
I
R 1 go go/ goes went gone going
O E
Different Present, Past & Past Participles

N G 2 sell sell/ sells sold sold selling Similar Past  & Past Participles

S U 3 run run/ runs ran run running Similar  Present  &  Past Participles
L
4 beat beat/beats beat beaten beating Similar  Present  &  Past
A
R 5 cut cut cut cut cutting Similar Present, Past & Past Participles
@Language Adda
Parthosarathi Padhy
TENSES PRINCIPLE VERB FORMS
T
E Times of Action States of Action V1 V2 V3 V4
N Past  Present
S Present Past
E Participle Participle
S
SIMPLE Y
V
s
CONTINUOUS Y
P PRESENT
R PERFECT  SIMPLE Y
I
N PERFECT  CONTINUOUS Y
C
I SIMPLE Y
P
L CONTINUOUS
E Y
TENSE PAST
V PERFECT  SIMPLE Y
E
R PERFECT  CONTINUOUS Y
B
SIMPLE Y
F
O
R CONTINUOUS Y
M FUTURE
S PERFECT  SIMPLE Y
PERFECT  CONTINUOUS Y
@Language Adda
Parthosarathi Padhy TENSES
TENSE: A category of verbs used to express distinctions of time.

3 Times of Action 4  States of Action

SIMPLE
CONTINUOUS
PRESENT
PERFECT SIMPLE
PERFECT CONTINUOUS  
SIMPLE
CONTINUOUS
TENSES PAST
PERFECT SIMPLE
PERFECT CONTINUOUS  
SIMPLE
CONTINUOUS
FUTURE PERFECT SIMPLE
PERFECT CONTINUOUS 
@Language Adda
Parthosarathi Padhy
PRESENT SIMPLE  PRESENT CONTINUOUS 
(S + verb1 + O) (S + am/is/are + verb4 + O)
I eat pizza I am eating pizza
We eat pizza We are eating pizza
You eat pizza You are eating pizza
He eats pizza He is eating pizza
P She eats pizza She is eating pizza
T R It eats pizza It is eating pizza
E E They eat pizza They are eating pizza
N S PRESENT PERFECT  SIMPLE PRESENT PERFECT  CONTINUOUS 
S E (S + has/have + verb3 + O) (S + has/have + been+ verb4 + O)
E N I have eaten pizza I have been eating pizza
T We have eaten pizza We have been eating pizza
You have eaten pizza You have been eating pizza
He has eaten pizza He has been eating pizza
She has eaten pizza She has been eating pizza
It has eaten pizza It has been eating pizza
They have eaten pizza They have been eating pizza
@Language Adda
Parthosarathi Padhy
PAST SIMPLE  PAST CONTINUOUS
(S + verb2 + O)
I  ate pizza
We ate pizza
You ate pizza
He ate pizza
She ate pizza
T
P It ate pizza
E They ate pizza
A
N
S PAST PERFECT  SIMPLE
S (S + had + verb3 + O)
T
E I had eaten pizza
We had eaten pizza
You had eaten pizza
He had eaten pizza
She had eaten pizza
It had eaten pizza
They had eaten pizza
 
(S + was/were + verb4 + O)
I was eating pizza
We were eating pizza
You were eating pizza
He was eating pizza
She was eating pizza
It was eating pizza
They were eating pizza
PAST PERFECT  CONTINUOUS 
(S + had + been + verb4 + O)
I had been eating pizza
We had been eating pizza
You had been eating pizza
He had been eating pizza
She had been eating pizza
It had been eating pizza
They had been eating pizza
@Language Adda
Parthosarathi Padhy
FUTURE  SIMPLE  FUTURE  CONTINUOUS 
(S + shall/will + verb1 + O) (S + shall/will + be + verb4 + O)
I  shall eat pizza I shall be eating pizza
We shall eat pizza We shall be eating pizza
You will eat pizza You will be eating pizza
He will eat pizza He will be eating pizza
She will eat pizza She will be eating pizza
F
T It will eat pizza It will be eating pizza
U
E They will eat pizza They will be eating pizza
T
N
U FUTURE  PERFECT  SIMPLE FUTURE  PERFECT  CONTINUOUS 
S (S + shall/will + have + verb3 + O) (S + shall/will + have + been+ verb4 + O)
R
E I shall have eaten pizza I shall have been eating pizza
E
We shall have eaten pizza We shall have been eating pizza
You will have eaten pizza You will have been eating pizza
He will have eaten pizza He will have been eating pizza
She will have eaten pizza She will have been eating pizza
It will have eaten pizza It will have been eating pizza
They will have eaten pizza They will have been eating pizza
@Language Adda
SENTENCE TRANSFORMATION
Parthosarathi Padhy

TRANSFORMATION: Change the sentence type from one from to another & vice versa. 

AFFIRMATIVE

NEGATIVE  AFFIRMATIVE
SENTENCE  TYPES
INTERROGATIVE

NEGATIVE  INTERROGATIVE
@Language Adda
Parthosarathi Padhy
S
PRESENT SIMPLE
E AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE  AFFIRMATIVE
N
T I eat pizza. / (I do eat pizza.) I do not eat pizza. 
E We eat pizza. / (We do eat pizza.) We do not eat pizza. 
N
C You eat pizza. / (You do eat pizza.) You do not eat pizza. 
E He eats pizza. / (He does eat pizza.) He does not eat pizza. 
She eats pizza. / (She does eat pizza.) She does not eat pizza. 
T
R It eats pizza. / (It does eat pizza.) It does not eat pizza.
A They eat pizza. / (They do eat pizza.) They do not eat pizza. 
N
S INTERROGATIVE NEGATIVE  INTERROGATIVE
F Do I eat pizza? Do I not eat pizza? 
O
R Do we eat pizza? Do we not eat pizza? 
M Do you eat pizza? Do you not eat pizza? 
A
T Does he eat pizza? Does he not eat pizza?
I Does she eat pizza? Does she not eat pizza? 
O Does it eat pizza? Does it not eat pizza? 
N
Do they eat pizza? Do they not eat pizza? 
@Language Adda
Parthosarathi Padhy
S
PRESENT CONTINUOUS
E AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE  AFFIRMATIVE
N
T I am eating pizza. I am not eating pizza.
E We are eating pizza. We are not eating pizza.
N
C You are eating pizza. You are not eating pizza.
E He is eating pizza. He is not eating pizza.
She is eating pizza. She is not eating pizza.
T
R It is eating pizza. It is not eating pizza.
A They are eating pizza. They are not eating pizza.
N
S INTERROGATIVE NEGATIVE  INTERROGATIVE
F Am I eating pizza? Am I not eating pizza?
O
R Are we eating pizza? Are we not eating pizza?
M Are you eating pizza? Are you not eating pizza?
A
T Is he eating pizza? Is he not eating pizza?
I Is she eating pizza? Is she not eating pizza?
O Is it eating pizza? Is it not eating pizza?
N
Are they eating pizza? Are they not eating pizza?
@Language Adda
Parthosarathi Padhy
S
PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE
E AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE  AFFIRMATIVE
N
T I have eaten pizza. I have not eaten pizza.
E We have eaten pizza. We have not eaten pizza.
N
C You have eaten pizza. You have not eaten pizza.
E He has eaten pizza. He has not eaten pizza.
She has eaten pizza. She has not eaten pizza.
T
R It has eaten pizza. It has not eaten pizza.
A They have eaten pizza. They have not eaten pizza.
N
S INTERROGATIVE NEGATIVE  INTERROGATIVE
F Have I eaten pizza? Have I not eaten pizza?
O
R Have we eaten pizza? Have we not eaten pizza?
M Have you eaten pizza? Have you not eaten pizza?
A
T Has he eaten pizza? Has he not eaten pizza?
I Has she eaten pizza? Has she not eaten pizza?
O Has it eaten pizza? Has it not eaten pizza?
N
Have they eaten pizza? Have they not eaten pizza?
@Language Adda
Parthosarathi Padhy
S
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
E AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE  AFFIRMATIVE
N
T I have been eating pizza. I have not been eating pizza.
E We have been eating pizza. We have not been eating pizza.
N
C You have been eating pizza. You have not been eating pizza.
E He has been eating pizza. He has not been eating pizza.
She has been eating pizza. She has not been eating pizza.
T
R It has been eating pizza. It has not been eating pizza.
A They have been eating pizza. They have not been eating pizza.
N
S INTERROGATIVE NEGATIVE  INTERROGATIVE
F Have I been eating pizza? Have I not been eating pizza?
O
R Have we been eating pizza? have we not been eating pizza?
M Have you been eating pizza? Have you not been eating pizza?
A
T Has he been eating pizza? Has he not been eating pizza?
I Has she been eating pizza? Has she not been eating pizza?
O Has it been eating pizza? Has it not been eating pizza?
N
Have they been eating pizza? Have they not been eating pizza?
@Language Adda
Parthosarathi Padhy
S
PAST SIMPLE
E AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE  AFFIRMATIVE
N
T I ate pizza. / (I did eat pizza.) I did not eat pizza. 
E We ate pizza. / (We did eat pizza.) We did not eat pizza. 
N
C You ate pizza./ (You did eat pizza.) You did not eat pizza. 
E He ate pizza./ (He did eat pizza.) He did not eat pizza. 
She ate pizza. / (She did eat pizza.) She did not eat pizza. 
T
R It ate pizza. / (It did eat pizza.) It did not eat pizza. 
A They ate pizza. / (They did eat pizza.) They did not eat pizza. 
N
S INTERROGATIVE NEGATIVE  INTERROGATIVE
F Did I eat pizza? Did I not eat pizza? 
O
R Did we eat pizza? Did we not eat pizza? 
M Did you eat pizza? Did you not eat pizza? 
A
T Did he eat pizza? Did he not eat pizza?
I Did she eat pizza? Did she not eat pizza? 
O Did it eat pizza? Did it not eat pizza? 
N
Did they eat pizza? Did they not eat pizza? 
@Language Adda
Parthosarathi Padhy
S
PAST CONTINUOUS
E AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE  AFFIRMATIVE
N
T I was eating pizza. I was not eating pizza.
E We were eating pizza. We were not eating pizza.
N
C You were eating pizza. You were not eating pizza.
E He was eating pizza. He was not eating pizza.
She was eating pizza. She was not eating pizza.
T
R It was eating pizza. It was not eating pizza.
A They were eating pizza. They were not eating pizza.
N
S INTERROGATIVE NEGATIVE  INTERROGATIVE
F Was I eating pizza? Was I not eating pizza?
O
R Were we eating pizza? Were we not eating pizza?
M Were you eating pizza? Were you not eating pizza?
A
T Was he eating pizza? Was he not eating pizza?
I Was she eating pizza? Was she not eating pizza?
O Was it eating pizza? Was it not eating pizza?
N
Were they eating pizza? Were they not eating pizza?
@Language Adda
Parthosarathi Padhy
S
PAST PERFECT SIMPLE
E AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE  AFFIRMATIVE
N
T I had eaten pizza. I had not eaten pizza.
E We had eaten pizza. We had not eaten pizza.
N
C You had eaten pizza. You had not eaten pizza.
E He had eaten pizza. He had not eaten pizza.
She had eaten pizza. She had not eaten pizza.
T
R It had eaten pizza. It had not eaten pizza.
A They had eaten pizza. They had not eaten pizza.
N
S INTERROGATIVE NEGATIVE  INTERROGATIVE
F Had I eaten pizza? Had I not eaten pizza?
O
R Had we eaten pizza? Had we not eaten pizza?
M Had you eaten pizza? Had you not eaten pizza?
A
T Had he eaten pizza? Had he not eaten pizza?
I Had she eaten pizza? Had she not eaten pizza?
O Had it eaten pizza? Had it not eaten pizza?
N
Had they eaten pizza? Had they not eaten pizza?
@Language Adda
Parthosarathi Padhy
S
PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS
E AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE  AFFIRMATIVE
N
T I had been eating pizza. I had not been eating pizza.
E We had been eating pizza. We had not been eating pizza.
N
C You had been eating pizza. You had not been eating pizza.
E He had been eating pizza. He had not been eating pizza.
She had been eating pizza. She had not been eating pizza.
T
R It had been eating pizza. It had not been eating pizza.
A They had been eating pizza. They had not been eating pizza.
N
S INTERROGATIVE NEGATIVE  INTERROGATIVE
F Had I been eating pizza? Had I not been eating pizza?
O
R Had we been eating pizza? Had we not been eating pizza?
M Had you been eating pizza? Had you not been eating pizza?
A
T Had he been eating pizza? Had he not been eating pizza?
I Had she been eating pizza? Had she not been eating pizza?
O Had it been eating pizza? Had it not been eating pizza?
N
Had they been eating pizza? Had they not been eating pizza?
@Language Adda
Parthosarathi Padhy
S
FUTURE SIMPLE
E AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE  AFFIRMATIVE
N
T I shall eat pizza. I shall not eat pizza. 
E We shall eat pizza. We shall not eat pizza.
N
C You will eat pizza. You will not eat pizza. 
E He will eat pizza. He will not eat pizza. 
She will eat pizza. She will not eat pizza.
T
R It will eat pizza. It will not eat pizza. 
A They will eat pizza. They will not eat pizza. 
N
S INTERROGATIVE NEGATIVE  INTERROGATIVE
F Shall I eat pizza? Shall I not eat pizza? 
O
R Shall we eat pizza? Shall we not eat pizza? 
M Will you eat pizza? Will you not eat pizza? 
A
T Will he eat pizza? Will he not eat pizza?
I Will she eat pizza? Will she not eat pizza? 
O Will it eat pizza? Will it not eat pizza? 
N
Will they eat pizza? Will they not eat pizza? 
@Language Adda
Parthosarathi Padhy
S
FUTURE CONTINUOUS
E AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE  AFFIRMATIVE
N
T I shall be eating pizza. I shall not be eating pizza.
E We shall be eating pizza. We shall not be eating pizza.
N
C You will be eating pizza. You will not be eating pizza.
E He will be eating pizza. He will not be eating pizza.
She will be eating pizza. She will not be eating pizza.
T
R It will be eating pizza. It will not be eating pizza.
A They will be eating pizza. They will not be eating pizza.
N
S INTERROGATIVE NEGATIVE  INTERROGATIVE
F Shall I be eating pizza? Shall I not be eating pizza?
O
R Shall we be eating pizza? Shall we not be eating pizza?
M Will you be eating pizza? Will you not be eating pizza?
A
T Will he be eating pizza? Will he not be eating pizza?
I Will she be eating pizza? Will she not be eating pizza?
O Will it be eating pizza? Will it not be eating pizza?
N
Will they be eating pizza? Will they not be eating pizza?
@Language Adda
Parthosarathi Padhy
S
FUTURE PERFECT SIMPLE
E AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE  AFFIRMATIVE
N
T I shall have eaten pizza. I shall not have eaten pizza.
E We shall have eaten pizza. We shall not have eaten pizza.
N
C You will have eaten pizza. You will not have eaten pizza.
E He will have eaten pizza. He will not have eaten pizza.
She will have eaten pizza. She will not have eaten pizza.
T
R It will have eaten pizza. It will not have eaten pizza.
A They will have eaten pizza. They will not have eaten pizza.
N
S INTERROGATIVE NEGATIVE  INTERROGATIVE
F Shall I have eaten pizza? Shall I not have eaten pizza?
O
R Shall we have eaten pizza? Shall we not have eaten pizza?
M Will you have eaten pizza? Will you not have eaten pizza?
A
T Will he have eaten  pizza? Will he not have eaten pizza?
I Will she have eaten pizza? Will she not have eaten pizza?
O Will it have eaten pizza? Will it not have eaten pizza?
N
Will they have eaten pizza? Will they not have eaten pizza?
@Language Adda
Parthosarathi Padhy
S
FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS
E AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE  AFFIRMATIVE
N
T I shall have been eating pizza. I shall not have been eating pizza.
E We shall have been eating pizza. We shall not have been eating pizza.
N
C You will have been eating pizza. You will not have been eating pizza.
E He will have been eating pizza. He will not have been eating pizza.
She will have been eating pizza. She will not have been eating pizza.
T
R It will have been eating pizza. It will not have been eating pizza.
A They will have been eating pizza. They will not have been eating pizza.
N
S INTERROGATIVE NEGATIVE  INTERROGATIVE
F Shall I have been eating pizza? Shall I not have been eating pizza?
O
R Shall we have been eating pizza? Shall we not have been eating pizza?
M Will you have been eating pizza? Will you not have been eating pizza?
A
T Will he have been eating pizza? Will he not have been eating pizza?
I Will she have been eating pizza? Will she not have been eating pizza?
O Will it have been eating pizza? Will it not have been eating pizza?
N
Will they have been eating pizza? Will they not have been eating pizza?