Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Manufacturing Systems and CNC
Machines
V.G.UMASEKAR,
Assistant Professor
Mechanical Department
SRM IST
MANUFACTURING SYSTEMS ‐ Topics
• Manufacturing systems
– Definition
– Example
– Components
• classification of manufacturing system
– Factors
• Types of manufacturing system
– Single station cell
– Multi station mfg system with fixed routing
– Multi station mfg system with variable routing
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Manufacturing systems
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Manufacturing system
• Manufacturing system is a collection of
integrated equipment and human worker.
• Integrated equipment includes
– Production machines and tools
– Material handling devices
– Work positioning devices
– Computer systems
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Manufacturing System ‐ Function
• Manufacturing system perform one or more
processing and/or assembly operations on
starting raw material, parts or set of parts.
• Manufacturing system is a place where value
added work is accomplished on the parts and
products.
• Human recourses are required (full time or
periodically) to keep the system running.
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Processing Operation
• Processing operation: transforms a work
material from one state of completion to a
more advanced state that is closer to the final
desired part or product.
• It adds value by changing the geometry,
properties or appearance of the staring
material.
• Example: shaping processes, property
enhancing, surface processing
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Assembly Operation
• An assembly operation: joins two or more
components to create a new entity, which is
called an assembly, subassembly.
• Example: welding, brazing, soldering and
adhesive bonding.
• Other mechanical assembly techniques that
form a permanent connection includes rivets,
press fitting and expansion fits.
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Manufacturing system (FMS)
Resource
IIT
Kharakpur
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Manufacturing system (Manual
Assembly line)
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Manufacturing system
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Manufacturing System ‐ Examples
1. Single station cell: one worker attend one
production machine that operates on semi‐
automatic cycle.
2. Machine cluster: one worker attends a group of
semi‐automatic machines.
3. Manual assembly line: a series of work stations
at which assembly operations are performed to
gradually build a product such as an automobile
or electronic products.
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Manufacturing System ‐ Examples
4. Automated transfer line: Production line that
consists of a series of automated workstations
that perform processing operations such as
machining. The transfer of workparts between
stations is also automated.
5. Automated assembly system: This system
performs a sequence of automated assembly
operations. Example ball point pens, light bulbs
and small electric motors.
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Manufacturing System ‐ Examples
6. Machine cell: It consists of series of manually
operated production machines, which is often
laid out in a U‐shaped configuration. It performs
a sequence of operations on a family of parts
that are similar but not identical.
7. Flexible manufacturing system: Highly
automated machine cell that produce part or
product families. The work stations of FMS is
usually CNC machine tools.
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Components of Manufacturing System
1. Production machines plus tools , fixtures
and other related hardware
2. A material handling system
3. A computer system to coordinate and/or
control the preceding components
4. Human workers to operate and manage the
system
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Terms used in Manufacturing system
• Work station: A location in the factory where
some well‐defined task or operation is
accomplished by an automated machine, a
worker‐and‐machine combination or a worker
using hand tools and/or portable powered tools.
• Production line: A system with multiple station is
called a production line, or assembly line or
machine cell, depending on its configuration and
function.
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Manufacturing Systems ‐ Types
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Classification of Manufacturing
System
• Manufacturing systems are classified based on the
following factors,
Type of operation performed
Number of workstation and system layout
Level of automation
Product variety
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Classification of manufacturing system
• Based on the type of operation performed
1. Manufacturing system that perform Processing
Operations.
2. Manufacturing system that perform Assembly
Operations.
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Classification of manufacturing system
• Based on the number of workstation and system
layout
1. Single station manufacturing system (Type 1)
2. Multiple station with variable routing
manufacturing system (Type 2)
3. Multiple station with fixed routing manufacturing
system (Type 3)
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Single station manufacturing system (Type I)
• One worker tending one production machine
• Include manually operated or semi automatic or
fully automatic production machine.
• Used for processing as well as assembly operations
• Applications includes single model, batch model or
mixed model.
• Calssification:
• Manned workstation : a worker must be in attendance
either continuously for a portion of each work cycle.
• Automated stations: periodic attention is required less
frequently than every cycle.
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Single station Manufacturing system ‐ Example
Example Operation Automation Typical part variety
Worker at CNC lathe Processing Manned Batch or mixed
(semi‐automated) model
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Multiple station with variable routing
manufacturing system (Type II)
• Consists of two or more work stations,
• Include manually operated or semi automatic or fully
automatic production machine.
• designed to accommodate the processing or assembly of
different parts
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Multiple station with variable routing
manufacturing system ‐ Example
Example operation automation Typical part
Job shop with a process layout Processing manned Batch or mixed
consisting of a variety of machine and assembly model
tools that each can be equipped for a
variety of machining operations
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Multiple station with fixed routing
manufacturing system (Type III)
• Multi‐station manufacturing system + Fixed
routing = production line.
• A production line consists of a series of
workstations laid out so that the part moves from
one station to the next.
• A portion of the total work content is performed
on it at each station.
• Transfer of work units from one station to the
next is done by a conveyor or other mechanical
transport system.
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Production line (Assembly)
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Multiple station with fixed routing
manufacturing system (Type III)
• Production lines are generally associated with
mass production.
• Production line is suitable when the quantity
to be produced is very high (upto millions of
units) and work units are identical or very
similar.
• Production lines are used for either processing
or assembly operations.
• They can be manually operated or automated.
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Multiple station with fixed routing
manufacturing system (Type III)
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Multiple station with fixed routing
manufacturing system (Type III)
Example operation Automation Typical part
Manual assembly line that produces small Assembly manned Single, batch
power tools or mixed
model
Machining transfer line processing automated Single
model
Automated assembly machine with a assembly automated Single
carousel system for work transport model
Automobile final assembly plan, in which Assembly Hybrid Mixed
many of the spot welding and spray and model
painting operations are automated while processing
general assembly is manual.
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Classification of manufacturing system
• M‐ manned station in which one or more
workers must be at the station every cycle.
• A‐ fully automated station in which one
worker must be at the station after the
completion of 10th or 100th cycle.
• H‐ hybrid in which some stations are manned
and others are fully automated.
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Classification of manufacturing system
• Based on the level of automation
1. Single station manned cell (Type I M)
2. Single station automated cell (Type I A)
3. Multi station manual system with variable
routing (Type II M)
4. Multi station automated system with variable
routing (Type II A)
5. Multi station hybrid system with variable routing
(Type II H)
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Classification of manufacturing system
6. Multi station manual system with fixed routing
(Type III M)
7. Multi station automated system with fixed
routing (Type III A)
8. Multi station hybrid system with fixed routing
(Type III H)
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Classification of manufacturing system
• Single station manned cell (Type I M)
– Consists of one workstation and one worker.
– Production machine is manually operated or semi
automated.
– Operator must attend the machine continuously
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Classification of manufacturing system
• Single station automated cell (Type I A)
– Consists of one workstation and one worker.
– Production machine is fully automated.
– Fully automatic machine work longer period of
time without human attendance.
– Operator must periodically load and unload the
machine.
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Classification of manufacturing system
• Multi station manual system with variable routing
(Type II M)
• Contain two or more work station.
• Work stations are manually operated or semi automated.
• Work units flow in variety of different sequence of work
stations.
• This layout allow processing of different products.
• Material handling is done manually or by automated
equipment.
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Classification of manufacturing system
– Multi station automated system with variable
routing (Type II A)
• Contain two or more work station.
• Contain automated work stations
• Work units flow in variety of different sequence of work
stations.
• This layout allow processing of different products.
• Material handling is done by automated equipment.
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Classification of manufacturing system
• Multi station hybrid system with variable routing
(Type II H)
• Contain two or more work station.
• Contain both manual and automated work stations
• Work units flow in variety of different sequence of work
stations.
• This layout allow processing of different products.
• Material handling is done manually or by automated
equipment or mixed.
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Classification of manufacturing system
– Multi station manual system with fixed routing
(Type III M)
• Contain two or more work station.
• Contain manual or semi‐automated work stations
• Work units flow in fixed sequence of work stations
• Material handling is done manually or by automated
equipment .
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Classification of manufacturing system
– Multi station automated system with fixed routing
(Type III A)
• Contain two or more work station.
• Contain automated work stations
• Work units flow in fixed sequence of work stations
• Material handling is done by automated equipment .
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Classification of manufacturing system
• Multi station hybrid system with fixed routing (Type
III H)
• Contain two or more work station.
• Contain both automated and manual work stations
• Work unit flow in fixed sequence of work stations
• Material handling is performed by manual or automated
equipment or mixed.
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Classification of manufacturing system
• Based on the product variety
– Single model
– Batch model
– Mixed model
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Single model Manufacturing system
• All parts or products made by the
manufacturing system are identical. (no
variations)
• Demand for the item is higher.
• Equipment is specialized
• Fixed automation
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Batch model Manufacturing system
• All parts or products made by the
manufacturing system are different. (not
similar(
• Parts or products made in batches.
• Changeover in physical setup and/or
equipment programming is required between
models.
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Mixed model Manufacturing system
• Different parts or products are made by the
manufacturing system, but the differences are
not significant
• Does not need time consuming changeovers
in setup or program.
• Mixture of different styles can be produced
continuously rather than in batches.
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References
• Mikell P. Groover, Automation, Production
systems and computer integrated
manufacturing, third edition, Prentice Hall of
India Private Ltd., New Delhi, 2010.
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