UMTS Core de Paquetes

Contents
GPRS Overview
GPRS Related Procedure
Typical Solution
Page 1
GPRS: General Packet Radio Services
IMS
Full Circuit Switch
UMTS PS
2.5G GPRS
Full Packet Switch
GSM Expanding phase of

Packet Switch
Initial phase of
Packet Switch
GSM: All network is used for circuited Mobile services

2.5G GPRS: Packet switch is appended to GSM network providing low speed packet services.
UMTS PS: With higher radio access speed, high speed packet services become popular.
IMS: All services including telephone services are based on packet switch.
To full packet switching is the direction of network evolution.
Page 2
What can GPRS do?
GPRS: Low speed and gusty low
traffic services
MMS
Bandwidth High Quality
Mobile
WAP information
Experience Internet Browsing
Low speed VPN
Multimedia and B3G
Mobile
broadband EDGE: Medium speed services
Internet
Mobile Mobile TV
Narrow 3G
band Streaming
Mobile Internet
Voice/SMS Medium VPN (Mobile Office)
2.5G
Online Game
2G
Mobile Service
UMTS: High speed services
VOD
Streaming
POC
City Navigation
Page 3
PS Can Provide Multiple Data Services
MMS
Browse PoC
Multiple
Data
Services
VP
Streaming
Game
So Many Attractive Services

Page 4
GPRS Architecture
EIR SMSC SCP MSC/VLR HLR GMLC
BG
Gf Gd Ge Gs Gr Lg Other PLMN
Gc
GSM/GPRS
WAP Gateway
SGSN Gp GGSN
BSC/PCU
BSS
Gn Gi Firewall
Abis Gb Intranet/Internet
CG
BTS
Ga
Iu-ps
RADIUS MMSC
RNC DNS/DHCP server
UTRAN
SNMP Gom X-1/2/3
Iub
Node B
UMTS
NMS M2000 LIG
Page 5
Important Entity Function
•Saving and updating •Session management

GPRS subscriber HLR •Routing and transfer
subscription data
•Charging
•User authentication
•Dynamic IP allocation
•Providing location/routing
information •Service management
Gr
SGSN GGSN
Gn/Gp
Ga Ga
•Real-time collection of GPRS

•Mobility management CDRs
•Session management •Temporary storage and
•Routing and transfer buffering of GPRS CDRs
CG •Pre-processing of GPRS
•Charging
CDRs
•Lawful Interception
•Sending GPRS CDRs to the
•NTP billing center
Page 6
Important Entity Function-PCU
PCU (Packet Control Unit):
 Radio Resource Management
 Packet Routing and Transferring
PCU
BSC BTS
Abis Gb
BTS
BSC Gb GPRS
Gb
Backbone PCU
PCU SGSN SGSN
BTS Abis
BSC
BSC BTS
Page 7
Important Entity Function- RNC
UE UTRAN CN
Uu Iu
Iu-CS
RNC
Iub
CS
NodeB
Iu-PS
Iu-BC Iur
NodeB SGSN
Iu-BC
Iub
NodeB RNC
CBC
RNC (Radio Network Controller) :

•Provides the system information broadcast and system access control
functions
•Provides such mobility management functions as handover and RNC
transition
•Provides radio resource management and control functions such as macro
diversity combination, power control and radio bearer allocation
Page 8
Important Entity Function: DNS
SGSN GGSN(A)
ISP A
GPRS backbone
ISP B
BSS
DNS Internet/
GGSN(B) Intranet
MS  Resolve the APN to a GGSN IP in the PDP active procedure

 Resolve the RAI to a SGSN IP in the inter-SGSN RAU procedure
 Resolve the RNCID to a SGSN IP in the relocation procedure (UMTS)
Page 9
Gb interface- SGSN & PCU
Application
IP IP
Relay
SNDCP SNDCP GTP-U GTP-U
LLC LLC
Relay UDP UDP
RLC RLC BSSGP BSSGP
IP IP
MAC MAC Network Network L2 L2
Service Service
GSM RF GSM RF L1bis L1bis L1 L1
Um Gb Gn Gi
MS BSS SGSN GGSN
User Plane for A/Gb mode

GMM/SM GMM/SM
LLC LLC
Relay
RLC RLC BSSGP BSSGP
MAC MAC Network Network Control Plane MS - SGSN in A/Gb mode

Service Service
GSM RF GSM RF L1bis L1bis
Um Gb
MS BSS SGSN
Page 10
Iu-PS interface
Control Plane User Plane
Application
E.g., IP, E.g., IP,

PPP PPP
Relay Relay
PDCP PDCP GTP-U GTP-U GTP-U GTP-U
RLC RLC UDP/IP UDP/IP UDP/IP UDP/IP

MAC MAC L2 L2 L2 L2
L1 L1 L1 L1 L1 L1
Uu Iu-PS Gn Gi
MS UTRAN 3G-SGSN 3G-GGSN
ATM
Physical Bearer
UDP/IP
RNC SGSN
Page 11
SS7 interface
TCAP TCAP
SCCP SCCP
Signaling Signaling
Bearer Bearer
Ge
SGSN SCP
Page 12
GnGp interface
GPRS
Gn Backbone
GGSN
SGSN
Gp
BG
GPRS
Gn Backbone
GGSN
SGSN
Page 13
Gi interface
AAA Portal Server DHCP Server
HLR
IP IP over GTP AAA
Internet LNS
SGSN GGSN
Private network SSM
Gi interface:
• Original user IP packet

AAA
• IP address allocation LNS
• Access to services network Private network

SSM
• Security
Page 14
Contents
GPRS Overview
Typical Solution
Page 15
Mobility Management
Radio Resource Management
Session Management
Page 16
GPRS Related Procedure- Mobility Management
Basic concepts
Attach and Detach
Security Function
Loaction Management
Service Request (UMTS only)
Page 17
MM (Mobility Management)
Main procedures
•Attach
•RAU and periodic RAU
keep track of the
•Detach
current location GMM •Service request (PMM)
of an MS •SRNS relocation(PMM)
PMM
Subscription
MS states
data other procedures
management
management
•P-TMSI reallocation
MM •Authentication
•Identification
•Subscriber management
NOTE: MM stores in MS and SGSN.
Page 18
GMM States
Timer Function
IDLE IDLE
READY Timer Function (GSM )
•The READY timer controls the time an MS

GPRS Attach GPRS Detach GPRS Attach
GPRS D etach
or
remains in READY state in the MS and the
Cancel Location SGSN. When the READY timer expires,
the MS and SGSN MM contexts shall
return to STANDBY state.
READY Implicit Detach

or
READY Periodic RA Update Timer Function
Cancel Location
•Upon expiry of the periodic RA update
READY timer expiry timer, the MS shall start a periodic
READY timer expiry
or PDU transmission
or
PDU reception routeing area update procedure.
Force to STANDBY
Force to STANDBY or
Abnormal RLC condition
Mobile Reachable Timer Function
•If the mobile reachable timer expires,
STANDBY STANDBY
the SGSN shall clear PPF.
•After expiry of the mobile reachable
timer the SGSN may perform an
implicit detach.
MM State Model of MS MM State Model of SGSN
Page 19
PMM States
PM M- PMM-
D ETAC H ED D ETAC H ED
Detach, D etach,
P S D etach PS Attach R eject, P S D etach PS Attach Reject,
PS Attach RAU Rej ect PS Attach RA U R eject
P S S ignalling PS S ignalling
Connection Releas e PMM- Connection Releas e PMM-
P MM-IDLE CONNE CTE D P MM-IDLE
CONNE CTE D
SM-A CTIVE or S M-ACTIV E or SM-A CTIVE or S M-ACTIV E or
INA CTIVE P S S ignalling INACTIV E INA CTIVE PS S ignalling INAC TIV E
Connection Establish Connection Establish
Serving RNC
reloc ation
MS MM States 3G-SGSN MM States
Page 20
MS/UE Operation Modes
Class-A mode of operation

•The MS is attached to both GPRS and other GSM services, and the MS
supports simultaneous operation of GPRS and other GSM services.
GSM Class-B mode of operation
•The MS is attached to both GPRS and other GSM services, but the MS
can only operate one set of services at a time.
Class-C mode of operation
•The MS is exclusively attached to GPRS services.
PS/CS mode of operation

•The MS is attached to both the PS domain and CS domain, and
the MS is capable of simultaneously operating PS services and
CS services.
PS mode of operation
UMTS •The MS is attached to the PS domain only and may only operate
services of the PS domain. However, this does not prevent CS-
like services to be offered over the PS domain (e.g. VoIP).
CS mode of operation
•The MS is attached to the CS domain only and may only operate
services of the CS domain. However, this does not prevent PS-
like service to be offered over the CS domain.
Page 21
Network Operation Modes
Mode Circuit Paging GPRS Paging Channel Paging co-
Channel ordination
Packet Paging Packet Paging Channel
Channel
CCCH Paging CCCH Paging Channel
I Yes
Channel
GSM Packet Data Not Applicable
Channel
II No
Channel
CCCH Paging Packet Paging Channel
Channel
III No
Channel
Mode Network configuration Combined procedure by MT
I Gs interface is present Yes

UMTS
II Gs interface is not present No
Page 22
Basic concepts
Attach and Detach
Security Function
Loaction Management
Page 23
Attach Procedure
MM Context:
IMSI: ××××
MM Context
MSISDN：××××
MM Context:
IMSI: ××××
PTMSI：×××××
IMSI: MSISDN：××××
××××
RAC：××××××
MSISDN：××××
PTMSI：×××××
LAC：××××××
PTMSI：×××××
RAC：××××××
RAC：××××××TLLI：×××××
LAC：××××××
LAC：××××××- - - - - - - - -
TLLI：×××××
Period RAU TLLI：×××××
- - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - -
Inter-RAU SGSN
After attach, MM context will occupy SGSN memory, and period RAU, Inter-SGSN
RAU will occupy SGSN CPU.
Additional less PDP contexts are activated in GPRS initional.
High attach required high capacity of SGSN, but the high attachment don’t bring
any profit.
Page 24
Attach Procedure
FUNCTION
•An MS/UE shall perform a GPRS Attach to
the SGSN in order to obtain access to the
GPRS services.
•If the MS/UE is connected via a GSM radio,
(IMSI or (PTMSI) it shall perform a GSM GPRS Attach
PTMSI+RAI) procedure.
(IMSI)
•If the MS/UE is connected via a UMTS radio
(Identity Type =
access network, it shall perform a UMTS
(IMSI)
IMSI) GPRS Attach procedure.
RESULT
•SGSN get subscriber data from HLR
•HLR recorded the MS’s serving SGSN
number
•SGSN and MS create MM context for the
MS
•MS/UE become the ready or PMM-
CONNECTED state
.MS can request Session Management
services
Note: Only MS/UE can initiate the attach procedure.
Page 25
Reject Caused by GPRS Core Network
Cause in attach reject Actions in PS domain Actions in CS domain
Illegal MS The MS shall set the GPRS update status to If the MS is IMSI attached, the MS
GU3 ROAMING NOT ALLOWED The shall in addition set the update
Illegal ME
SIM/USIM shall be considered as invalid for status to U3 ROAMING NOT
GPRS services until switching off or the ALLOWED, shall delete any TMSI,
SIM/USIM is removed LAI and ciphering key sequence
number
GPRS services not allowed The MS shall set the GPRS update status to no effect
GU3 ROAMING NOT ALLOWED; The
SIM/USIM shall be considered as invalid for
GPRS services until switching off or the
SIM/USIM is removed.
GPRS services not allowed in this shall set the GPRS update status to GU3
PLMN ROAMING NOT ALLOWED
PLMN not allowed shall set the GPRS update status to GU3 The MS shall perform a PLMN
ROAMING NOT ALLOWED), shall reset the selection
Location area not allowed
GPRS attach attempt counter and shall
Roaming not allowed in this location change to state GMM-DEREGISTERED
area
No Suitable Cells In Location Area shall set the GPRS update status to GU3 The MS shall search for a suitable
ROAMING NOT ALLOWED cell in another location area in the
same PLMN
Page 26
MM Context
Field Description A/Gb Iu mode
mode
IMSI IMSI is the main reference key. X X
MM State Mobility management state, IDLE, STANDBY, READY, PMM-DETACHED, PMM-IDLE, or X X

PMM-CONNECTED.
P-TMSI Packet Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity. X X
P-TMSI Signature A signature used for identification checking purposes. X X
IMEI International Mobile Equipment Identity X X
MSISDN The basic MSISDN of the MS. X X
Routeing Area Current routeing area. X X
Cell Identity Current cell in READY state, last known cell in STANDBY or IDLE state. X
Cell Identity Age Time elapsed since the last LLC PDU was received from the MS at the SGSN. X
Service Area Code Last known SAC when initial UE message was received or Location Reporting procedure was X
executed.
Service Area Code Age Time elapsed since the last SAC was received at the 3G-SGSN. X
VLR Number The VLR number of the MSC/VLR currently serving this MS. X X
New SGSN Address The IP address of the new SGSN where buffered and not sent N-PDUs should be forwarded to. X X
Authentication Vectors Authentication and ciphering parameters (authentication triplets or quintets). X X
Kc Currently used A/Gb mode ciphering key. X 2)
CKSN Ciphering key sequence number of Kc. X 2)
Ciphering algorithm Selected ciphering algorithm (GEA). X X
CK Currently used Iu mode ciphering key. 1) X
Page 27
MM Context
IK Currently used Iu mode integrity key. 1) X
KSI Key Set Identifier. 1) X
MS Radio Access Capability MS radio access capabilities. X
MS Network Capability MS network capabilities. X X
DRX Parameters Discontinuous reception parameters. X X
Radio Priority SMS The RLC/MAC radio priority level for uplink SMS transmission. X
MNRG Indicates whether activity from the MS shall be reported to the HLR. X X
NGAF Indicates whether activity from the MS shall be reported to the MSC/VLR. X X
PPF Indicates whether paging for PS and CS services can be initiated. X X
Subscribed Charging Characteristics The charging characteristics for the MS, e.g. normal, prepaid, flat-rate, and/or hot billing X X
subscription.
SMS Parameters SMS-related parameters, e.g. operator-determined barring. X X
Recovery Indicates if HLR or VLR is performing database recovery. X X
GPRS-CSI Optional GPRS CAMEL subscription information, see 3GPP TS 23.016 X X
ODB for PS parameters Indicates that the status of the operator determined barring for packet oriented services. X X
 The information marked with a "1)" may be maintained if authentication is performed by the UMTS
authentication procedure.
 The information marked with a "2)" may be maintained if authentication is performed by the GSM
authentication procedure.
Page 28
Detach Type
Type of detach (octet 1)
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Detach type Power Type of detach
In the MS to network direction:
IEI off
Bits
Detach Type IE 3 2 1
0 0 1 GPRS detach
The different types of detach 0 1 0 IMSI detach

•IMSI detach; 0 1 1 Combined GPRS/IMSI detach
•GPRS detach;
•Combined GPRS / IMSI detach All other values are interpreted as Combined
GPRS/IMSI detach by this version of the
(MS-initiated only).
protocol.
In the network to MS direction:

Bits
The following three entity can
3 2 1
initiate the detach procedure
•MS 0 0 1 re-attach required
•SGSN 0 1 0 re-attach not required
Network side
•HLR
0 1 1 IMSI detach (after VLR failure)
All other values are interpreted as re-attach not

required by this version of the protocol.
Page 29
Detach Procedure (MS Initiated)
Function
•Allow an MS to inform the network
that it does not want to access the
MS BSS/UTRAN SGSN GGSN MSC/VLR SGSN-based services any longer
1. Detach Request
2. Delete PDP Context Request Results
•The SGSN shall not service the detached
2. Delete PDP Context Response MS, unless reattach
•The MS is in idle or PMM-DETACHED state
C1
3. IMSI Detach Indication
Two types of the MS IMSI detach
4. GPRS Detach Indication
•A GPRS-attached MS sends a Detach
5. Detach Accept C2 Request message to the SGSN, indicating
an IMSI detach. This can be made in
combination with GPRS detach.
6. PS Signalling Connection Release
•An MS that is not GPRS-attached makes
the IMSI detach as already defined in
A/Gb mode or UMTS.
Page 30
Detach Procedure (SGSN & HLR Initiated)
MS BSS/UTRAN SGSN GGSN MSC/VLR Function
1. Detach Request •Allow the network to inform an MS
2. Delete PDP Context Request that it does not have access to the
SGSN-based services any more
2. Delete PDP Context Response
C1
3. GPRS Detach Indication Results :
4. Detach Accept
•The SGSN shall not service the detached
MS, unless reattach
C2
•The MS is in idle or PMM-DETACHED state
5. PS Signalling Connection Release
The MS is detached either explicitly

MS BSS/UTRAN SGSN GGSN HLR MSC/VLR or implicitly:
1. Cancel Location
•Explicit detach: The network or the
2. Detach Request MS explicitly requests detach
3. Delete PDP Context Request
•Implicit detach: The network
3. Delete PDP Context Response detaches the MS, without notifying
C1 the MS, a configuration-dependent
5. Detach Accept
4. GPRS Detach Indication time after the mobile reachable
C2
timer expired, or after an
6. Cancel Location Ack irrecoverable radio error causes
7. PS Signalling Connection Release disconnection of the logical link.
Page 31
Purge Function
 Function
 The Purge function allows an SGSN to

inform the HLR that it has deleted the MM
and PDP contexts of a detached MS
 After the MS detach from the network:

SGSN HLR
 The SGSN may delete the MM/PDP
1. Purge MS
context immediately
2. Purge MS Ack
 the SGSN may keep the MM/PDP context
for some time of the detached MS
 Purge Timer Function
 Allows the SGSN to inform the HLR that it
has deleted the MM and PDP contexts of a
detached MS.
 The purge timer is set longer than the
mobile reachable timer
Page 32
Basic concepts
Attach and Detach
Security Function
Loaction Management
Page 33
Authentication Function
Function
•Permit the network to check whether the identity provided by the mobile station;
•Provide parameters enabling the mobile station to calculate a new ciphering key ;
（UMTS and GSM）
•Provide parameters enabling the mobile station to calculate a new UMTS integrity key;
（UMTS only）
•Permit the mobile station to authenticate the network. （UMTS only）
Authentication types
GSM
•Using triplet: RAND, SRES, Kc
•Using GPRS Encryption Algorithm
(GEA)
UMTS
•Using quintet: RAND, XRES, AUTN, CK, IK
•AUTN: for UE authenticate network
•IK: for data integrity function
•Using UMTS Encryption Algorithm
Page 34
Authentication Function(3G)
MS VLR/SGSN HE/HLR
Authentication data request
Generate authentication
Distribution of vectors AV(1..n)
authentication
vectors from HE
to SN Authentication data response
AV(1..n)
Store authentication vectors
Select authentication vector AV(i)
User authentication request

RAND(i) || AUTN(i)
Verify AUTN(i)
Compute RES(i)
Authentication and
key establishment
User authentication response
RES(i)
Compare RES(i) and XRES(i)
Compute CK(i) and IK(i) Select CK(i) and IK(i)
Page 35
Ciphering & Identity Check
Scope
 A/Gb mode: from the ciphering function in the Identity
SGSN to the ciphering function in the MS.
Check
 Iu mode: from the ciphering function in the UTRAN
to the ciphering function in the MS.
Function
Start
•Get IMSI from
 A/Gb mode: the MS starts ciphering after sending the
MS
Authentication and Ciphering Response message.
•Check the IMEI
 Iu mode: the start is controlled by the security mode
procedure after authentication procedure.
MS BSS/UTRAN SGSN EIR
1. Identity Request
MS BSS/UTRAN SGSN
1. Identity Response
Scope of GSM GPRS ciphering 2. Check IMEI
2. Check IMEI Ack

Scope of UMTS ciphering
Ciphering Identity Check
Page 36
P-TMSI Reallocation
 Function
 The SGSN may reallocate the P-TMSI at any time

 The reallocation procedure can be performed by the
P-TMSI Reallocation procedure
 The P-TMSI can be included in the Attach or Routeing Area
Update procedures.
MS BSS/UTRAN SGSN
1. P-TMSI Reallocation Command
2. P-TMSI Reallocation Complete
Page 37
Basic concepts
Attach and Detach
Security Function
Loaction Management
Page 38
Location Management
Function
•cell and PLMN selection;
•know the Routeing Area;
•identity :know the URA identity or cell
identity;
•indicate to an MS in RRC Connected mode
•know the address of the serving
3G
2G Layered Location
Management Mode
Page 39
Network Architecture
PDN
 Routing area update
procedure
Gi
 SGSN can manage GGSN
the MS location Gn/Gp Gn/Gp

old SGSN new SGSN
information via RAU
Gn
procedure in RAI level
Gr Gr
Iu IU
Iu IU
 Relocation procedure
(UMTS only) Iur RNC1 HLR/AUC
RNC3
RNC2 RNC4
 Move the Iu interface
to the other RNC RA4 RA5 RA9 RA10
RA1 RA2 RA3

RA6 RA7 RA9
 Handover procedure
 Move the radio link to
the other BTS/NodeB MS
Page 40
Routing Area Update Procedure
In the viewpoint of
SGSN:
intra-SGSN RAU
Inter-SGSN RAU
RAU procedure will happen in the following two case:

•MS entered a new Route Area
•Periodic RAU ( after periodic timer expires)
Page 41
Inter-SGSN RAU Procedure (2G)
Page 42
Page 43
Inter-SGSN RAU
new old
RA1 SGSN SGSN GGSN

RA2
Routing_Area_update_req (RA1)
SGSN_context_req (RA1, TLLI, @SGSN2)
SGSN_context_resp (MM_ctxt, PDP_ctxt)
SGSN_context_ack
transfer of stored packets
Update_PDP_context_req (TID, @SGSN2)

Update_PDP _context_resp
Page 44
Inter-SGSN RAU
new old
RA1 SGSN SGSN HLR
RA2
Update_location (IMSI, @SGSN2)
cancel_location (IMSI)
cancel_location_ack
insert_subscriber_data (+ack)
Update_location_ack
Routing_Area_update_accept (TLLI)
Routing_Area_update_complete
Page 45
Page 46
Page 47
Serving RNS Relocation Procedure (3G)
HLR/AuC HLR/AuC
GGSN GGSN
old MSC/VLR old SGSN new SGSN new MSC/VLR old MSC/VLR old SGSN new SGSN new MSC/VLR
source SRNC target RNC source RNC target SRNC
LA1, RA1 LA2, RA2 LA1, RA1 LA2, RA2
MS MS
 Before relocation  After relocation
Page 48
Serving RNS Relocation Procedure (3G)
MS Source Target Old New GGSN
RNC RNC SGSN SGSN
1. Decision to perform
SRNS relocation
2. Relocation Required
3. Forward Relocation Request
4. Relocation Request
Establishment of Radio Access Bearers
4. Relocation Request Acknowledge
5. Forward Relocation Response
C1
6. Relocation Command
7. Forwarding of data
8. Relocation Commit
9. Relocation Detect
10. UTRAN Mobility Information 11. Update PDP Context Request
10. UTRAN Mobility Information Confirm 11. Update PDP Context Response
12. Relocation Complete
12. Forward Relocation Complete
12. Forward Relocation Complete Acknowledge

13. Iu Release Command
13. Iu Release Complete
14. Routing Area Update C2
C3
Page 49
Basic concepts
Attach and Detach
Security Function
Loaction Management
Page 50
Service Request Procedure
Function
 The Service Request procedure is used by a 3G-MS in PMM-IDLE state to request the
establishment of a secure connection to a 3G-SGSN.
1. Send uplink signalling messages (e.g. Activate PDP Context Request), user data,
2. Paging response,
3. Regained radio coverage.
 This procedure is also used by an MS in PMM-CONNECTED state to request resource
reservation for active PDP contexts.
Service Type IE of Service Request Msg.
•MS initiated Network initiated

•Service type= signalling. •Service type= paging
•Service type= data. response
Page 51
Service Request Procedure –MS initiated
MS RNC SGSN HLR GGSN
1. RRC Connection Request
1. RRC Connection Setup
2. Service Request
3. Security Functions
4. Service Accept
4. Radio Access Bearer Assignment

Request
5. Radio Bearer Setup

Complete
Response
7. SGSN-Initiated PDP Context Modification
8. Uplink PDU
Page 52
Service Request Procedure－network initiated
MS RNC SGSN HLR GGSN
1. Downlink PDU
2. Paging
2. Paging
3. RRC Connection Request
3. RRC Connection Setup
4. Service Request

6. Radio Bearer Setup Request

Complete 6. Radio Access Bearer Assignment
Response
7. SGSN-Initiated PDP Context Modification Procedure
8. Downlink PDU
Page 53
Summary
 Attach, location management, security function and detach
procedures are the main procedures in PS core network.
 SRNS relocation procedure and Service request procedure are
newly added in UMTS PS core network.
Page 54
Mobility Management
Session Management
Page 55
Main function
of GPRS RRM
Distribute and Inspect the Cell system

release the GPRS utilization of Congestion control information
physics channel the GPRS channel boardcasting
Successful Paging
3G Identification of MS in Paging message:

PMM-IDLE PMM-
Connected
•P-TMSI is used to identify the MS
2G
•If P-TMSI is invalid or MS not
STANDBY Ready
respond , then use IMSI
Page 56
Paging for GPRS (2G)
MS BSS SGSN
1. PDP PDU
STANDB 2. Paging Request
Y
3. GPRS Paging Request
(IMSI,
4. Any LLC Frame P-TMSI,
(Receive Ready or
Area,
5. Any LLC Frame
Information frame) Channel
Needed, QoS,
READY
DRX
Parameters)
NOTE:
1. An MS in STANDBY state is paged by the SGSN before a downlink to the MS

2. Paging move the MS state from STANDBY to READY
3. Any uplink data from MS is a valid response to paging
Page 57
Paging Initiated by CN (3G)
Without
RRC
connect
for CS
With RRC
connect
for CS
Page 58
CS Paging
MS BSS SGSN MSC/VLR
1. Page
2. Paging Request
3. Paging Request
GSM
4. SABM (Paging Response)
5. SCCP Connection Request (Paging Response)
MS RNS 3G-SGSN MSC/VLR
1. Page
2. Paging
UMTS 3. Paging Request
4. RRC Initial Direct Transfer (Paging Response)
5. RANAP Initial UE (Paging Response)
Page 59
Summary
 In UMTS, Paging type 1 for UE without RRC connection with
RNC, Paging type 2 for UE with RRC connection with RNC.
 CS paging can be executed via PS.
Page 60
Mobility Management
Session Management
Page 61
GPRS Related Procedure - Session Management
Basic concepts
PDP Context Activation Procedure
PDP Context Modification Procedure
PDP Context Deactivation Procedure
Preservation Procedure (UMTS only)
Page 62
Session Management
 Function
 Establish and monitor a packet tunnel from MS to GGSN, and
allocate system resource for the packet service.
 Important Procedure
 PDP Context Activation
 PDP Context Modification
 PDP Context Deactivation
 PDP Context: Packet Data Protocol context

PDP context contains all the information needed to transfer user
data between MS and GGSN, associating with MM.
 The context includes parameters such as Routing, QoS (Quality
of Service), Charging ID etc.
PDP context exists in MS, SGSN, GGSN.
Page 63
PDP Context
Each MM context contains zero or more of the following PDP contexts:
Field Description A/Gb mode Iu mode
PDP Context Identifier Index of the PDP context. X X
PDP State Packet data protocol state, INACTIVE or ACTIVE. X X
PDP Type PDP type, e.g. PPP or IP. X X
PDP Address PDP address, e.g. an IP address. X X
APN Subscribed The APN received from the HLR. X X
APN in Use The APN currently used. This APN shall be composed of the APNNetwork X X
Identifier and the APN Operator Identifier.
NSAPI Network layer Service Access Point Identifier. X X
TI Transaction Identifier. X X
TEID for Gn/Gp Tunnel Endpoint Identifier for the Gn and Gp interfaces. X X
TEID for Iu Tunnel Endpoint Identifier for the Iu interface. X
GGSN Address in Use The IP address of the GGSN currently used. X X
VPLMN Address Allowed Specifies whether the MS is allowed to use the APN in the domain of the X X
HPLMN only, or additionally the APN in the domain of the VPLMN.
QoS Profile Subscribed The quality of service profile subscribed. X X
Page 64
PDP Context
QoS Profile Requested The quality of service profile requested. X X
QoS Profile Negotiated The quality of service profile negotiated. X X
Radio Priority The RLC/MAC radio priority level for uplink user data transmission. X
Packet Flow Id Packet flow identifier. X
Aggregate BSS QoS Profile The aggregate BSS quality of service profile negotiated for the packet flow that X
Negotiated this PDP context belongs to.
Send N-PDU Number SNDCP sequence number of the next downlink N-PDU to be sent to the MS. X
Receive N-PDU Number SNDCP sequence number of the next uplink N-PDU expected from the MS. X
GTP-SND GTP-U sequence number of the next downlink N-PDU to be sent to the MS. X X
GTP-SNU GTP-U sequence number of the next uplink N-PDU to be sent to the GGSN. X X
PDCP-SND Sequence number of the next downlink in-sequence PDCP-PDU to be sent to X

the MS.
PDCP-SNU Sequence number of the next uplink in-sequence PDCP-PDU expected from the X
MS.
Charging Id Charging identifier, identifies charging records generated by SGSN and GGSN. X X
PDP Context Charging The charging characteristics of this PDP context, e.g. normal, prepaid, flat-rate, X X
Characteristics and/or hot billing.
RNC Address in Use The IP address of the RNC currently used. X
Page 65
MM Context and PDP Context
HLR
MS BSC SGSN GGSN

Uu Gb/ Iu Gn
or RNC
MM context PDP context #1
MM context
PDP context #1 PDP context #1 .
. . .
. . .
PDP context #n PDP context #n PDP context #n
Page 66
PDP Parameters
 QoS: quality of service
 PDP state
 It is a group of parameters that
Inactive (cannot transmit data) can define the network ability,
such as the bit rate for downlink or
Active Deactive the PDP uplink data transmission and the
PDP Context or MM state to
Context IDLE or PMM-DETACH reliability class and so on
 It is end to end concept
Active (can transimt data)
 PDP Address
 PDP Type  Static IP
 IPV4 − Public IP
 IPV6 − Allocate by the operator
 PPP  Dynamic IP
− Private IP
− Allocate by GGSN, DNCP or
Radius
Page 67
APN Architecture
cmwap. mnc<MNC>.mcc<MCC>.gprs
APN Network APN Operator

Identity Identity
APN: Access Point Name, defines services accessing point and accessing mode.
------The APN Network Identifier; this defines to which external network the GGSN is
connected and optionally a requested service by the MS. This part of the APN is
mandatory. It’s a string defined by operator.
------The APN Operator Identifier; this defines in which PLMN GPRS backbone the
GGSN is located. This part of the APN is optional.
Page 68
APN in Element
HLR
SGSN GGSN MMSC

BSS/UTRAN
WAP Gateway
Firewall
Intranet/Internet
DNS
RADIUS
MS: User must configure APN NI and its responding URL, user name, password, IP address, PortNo, etc. In the
activation procedure, MS must send APN OI to network in PDP Context Activation procedure.
HLR: Operator configures APN NI in subscription data per subscribers.
SGSN: It gets registered APN NI from HLR, and compares APN in the subscription data and PDP context
activation message. If different, reject activation. If same, construct APN based on APN OI and IMSI, and send
parse request to DNS. If get IP address from DNS, relay PDP context activation message to GGSN.
DNS: Configure the corresponding relationship of APN and IP address
GGSN: Allocate IP address and selection access mode based on APN
Page 69
APN(2)
 Local APN
 General APN
Page 70
DNS Architecture in GPRS network
Top Level DNS
“.gprs”
DNS in GRX
mcc460.gprs mcc450.gprs mcc234.gprs
DNS controlled by
mnc01.mcc460.gprs Operator
Region DNS
cuwap
cuwap.mnc01.mcc460.gprs
Page 71
GRX Architecture
Operator A
GPRS Roaming Network Operator D

Operator B
GRX GRX Operator G

Operator C
DNS DNS DNS
GRX
Operator E Operator F
Page 72
GGSN Selection
BTS BSC
/NodeB /RNC
ISP A
GGSN (A) ISP B
MS
•APN-NI/
SGSN GGSN (B)
Backbone Corp.
•Or APN-NI+APN-OI DNS Network
•APN-NI
DNS DNS
•APN-NI+APN-OI ＝
GGSN IP address
Page 73
Basic concepts
Page 74
Activation Procedure
 PDP context activation procedure
 To establish a PDP context between the MS and the SGSN,

the GGSN
 Activation procedure types:
 PDP context activation procedure
 Secondary PDP Context Activation Procedure
 Network-Requested PDP Context Activation Procedure
Page 75
PDP Context Activation Procedure (3G)
MS UTRAN 3G-SGSN 3G-GGSN •Check the APN provided by

SGSN
1. Activate PDP Context Request •QoS negotiation
(PDP Type, PDP Address, Access Point Name, •Allocate a dynamic IP to the
QoS Requested) C1 MS
•Allocate a charging ID for
2. Create PDP Context Requestthe PDP context
•Return message to SGSN
•Update PDP context
If the QoS not 3. Create PDP Context Response
accept by MS, then
starts delete PDP 4. Radio Access Bearer Setup （Qos）
context procedure Charging ID allocation
IP address
5. Update PDP Context Request
6. Update PDP Context Response

RAB assignment :
Allocate radio •Check subscriber data
resource and Iu C2 •APN selection
interface resource 7. Activate PDP Context Accept •Interrogate DNS
•QoS negotiation
•Send message GGSN
•RAB assignment
•Send message MS
Page 76
PDP Context Activation Procedure (2G)
MS BSS 2G-SGSN 2G-GGSN
1. Activate PDP Context Request
C1
3. Create PDP Context Request
3. Create PDP Context Response
4. BSS Packet Flow Context Procedures
C2
5. Activate PDP Context Accept
Page 77
PDP Context Activation Procedure-Detail
SGSN DNS GGSN
Activate_PDP_context_req
TLLI (NSAPI ,type [+ @ of PDP] , APN, QoS)
1
DNS_query (APN)
DNS_response (@ IP of GGSN1)
Create_PDP_context_req
@ GGSN1 TID1 (type [+ @ of PDP] , APN, QoS)
TID1  IP @  current SGSN
Create_PDP_context response (IP @)
Activate_PDP_context_accept (IP @)
Page 78
Data Transmission in 2.5G
SGSN GGSN
NSAPI1  TLLI PDP network

TLLI  IMSI 
NSAPI1  TID1 + @ GGSN1
TLLI NSAPI1 User packet

@ User packet
GGSN1
TID1
User packet
Page 79
Secondary PDP Context Activation Procedure
MS BSS 2G-SGSN 2G-GGSN
1. Activate Secondary PDP Context Request

 For GPRS
C1
3. Create PDP Context Response

 For UMTS
5. BSS Packet Flow Context Procedures
C2
7. Activate Secondary PDP Context Accept
1. Activate Secondary PDP Context Request
C1
•Reusing the PDP address and other PDP
context information from an already active PDP
context, but with a different QoS profile 3. Create PDP Context Response
4. Radio Access Bearer Setup
•Procedures for APN selection and PDP 6. Update PDP Context Request
address negotiation are not executed.
• A unique TI and a unique NSAPI shall identify
each PDP context sharing the same PDP C2
address and APN. 7. Activate PDP Context Accept
Page 80
Network-Requested PDP Context Activation Procedure
MS SGSN HLR GGSN
1. PDP PDU
2. Send Routeing Info for GPRS
2. Send Routeing Info for GPRS Ack
3. PDU Notification Request
3. PDU Notification Response
4. Request PDP Context Activation
5. PDP Context Activation procedure
•When receiving a PDP PDU the GGSN checks if a PDP context is established for that
PDP address. If no PDP context has been previously established, the GGSN may try to
deliver the PDP PDU by initiating the Network-Requested PDP Context Activation
procedure.
Page 81
Basic concepts
Page 82
Modification Procedures
 Modification procedures modify parameters that were negotiated

during an activation procedure for one or several PDP contexts.
 An MS, a GGSN, an SGSN, or an RNC can request a modification
procedure.
 The following parameters can be modified:
 QoS Negotiated;
 Radio Priority;
 Packet Flow Id;
 PDP Address (in case of the GGSN-initiated modification
procedure);
 TFT (in case of MS-initiated modification procedure).
Page 83
SGSN-Initiated Modification Procedure
MS UTRAN SGSN GGSN

3. Modify PDP Context Request
4. Modify PDP Context Accept

TEID, NSAPI,
C1 QoS Negotiated,
5. Radio Access Bearer Modification Trace Reference,
Trace Type,
Trigger Id,
6. Invoke Trace
OMC Identity
•TEID: Tunnel Identifier

•NSAPI: Network layer Service Access Point Identifier
Page 84
GGSN-Initiated Modification Procedure
MS UTRAN SGSN GGSN

TEID, NSAPI,
PDP Address,
QoS Requested
4. Radio Access Bearer Modification
C1
Page 85
MS-Initiated Modification Procedure
MS UTRAN SGSN GGSN

TI, 2. Update PDP Context Request
QoS
Requested, 3. Update PDP Context Response
TFT
4. Radio Access Bearer Modification
C1
•TI : Transaction Identifier

•TFT: Traffic Flow Template
Page 86
RNC-initiated RAB Modification Procedure
 RNC modify RAB may cause SGSN modify PDP context.
MS RNC SGSN GGSN
1. RAB Modify Request
RAB ID,
RAB Parameter Values
2. SGSN initiated PDP Context Modification Procedure
•RAB: Radio Access Bearer
Page 87
Basic concepts
Page 88
MS Initiated Deactivation Procedure
 For GPRS
MS 2G-SGSN 2G-GGSN
1. Deactivate PDP Context Request
C1
4. Deactivate PDP Context Accept
Page 89
MS Initiated Deactivation Procedure
 For UMTS
C1

5. Radio Access Bearer Release
Page 90
SGSN-initiated Deactivation Procedure
MS UTRAN SGSN GGSN
C1

Page 91
GGSN-initiated Deactivation Procedure
MS UTRAN SGSN GGSN
C1
Page 92
Basic concepts
Page 93
RAB Release Procedure
 RAB release procedure to release one or several RABs.
MS UTRAN 3G-SGSN 3G-GGSN FUNCTION

1. RAB Release Request Background or interactive traffic
class PDP context:
2. RAB Assignment Request Be preserved with no modifications in
3. Release Radio UE, SGSN and GGSN.
Bearer(s) Streaming or conversational traffic
class PDP context:
4. RAB Assignment Response Be preserved, but the maximum bit rate
is downgraded to 0 kbit/s (for both uplink
and downlink) in UE, SGSN and GGSN.
•The preservation procedure allows the active PDP contexts associated with the released RABs to
be preserved without modification in the CN, and the RABs can then be re-established at a later
stage (e.g. by service request procedure).
Page 94
Re-establishment of RABs
 In case of uplink data to be transfer for the active PDP context

without RAB:
 Background or interactive traffic class PDP context:
− UE initiates the Service Request procedure (Service Type =
Data) to re-establish PDP context.
 Streaming or conversational traffic class PDP context:
− UE initiates the PDP context modification procedure to re-
establish PDP context, or deactivation procedure to delete
the PDP context.
 In case of downlink data to be transfer for the active PDP context
without RAB: CN must first page the UE, then re-establish the RAB
by network-initiated service request procedure.
Page 95
Iu Release Procedure
 UTRAN initiates an Iu release procedure to release all RABs of an
MS and the Iu connection.

1. Iu Release Request
FUNCTION
2. Iu Release Command Background or interactive traffic
class PDP context:
3. Release of RRC Connection Be preserved with no modifications in
UE, SGSN and GGSN.
4. Iu Release Complete Streaming or conversational traffic
class PDP context:
Be preserved, but the maximum bit rate
is downgraded to 0 kbit/s (for both uplink
and downlink) in UE, SGSN and GGSN.
Page 96
Summary
 The session management function includes the flowing functions:
 PDP context activation function;

 PDP context modification function;
 PDP context deactivation function;
 PDP context preservation function.
Page 97
Typical Application
 Packet Data Service initiated by MS

1. Establish the wireless connection
2. Execute attach procedure
3. Active the PDP content MS BSS SGSN HLR GGSN PDN
1
4. Send Packet Data
MM
ready/standby 3
PDP 4
active
Page 98
Typical Application
 Packet Data Service initiated by Network
1. GGSN receive PDP PDU, and store the PDU
2. GGSN get the MS route information from HLR
3. GGSN inform SGSN
MS BSS SGSN HLR GGSN PDN
4. Paging the MS in RA, MM shift to ready
1
5. SGSN request MS to active PDP context 2
6. MS active PDP context 3
7. Send the Packet Date 4
5
Omit if MM is
ready 6
7
PDP
active
Page 99
GSM vs UMTS Summary
ITEM GSM UMTS

Network background GSM network GPRS network
interface A/Gb Iu-Ps (Separated Bearer and Control )
MM states and procedure GMM PMM(Service request

SRNS relocation)
MS/UE operation modes Class A ,Class B,Class C PS CS PS/CS
Network Operation Modes Mode I mode2 mode3 Mode1 mode2
Authentication triplet quintet
Ciphering start & scope SGSN-MS UTRAN-UE
LM HLR-SGSN HLR-SGSN-RNC, Service Request
Session Management / Preservation Procedure (UMTS only)
Page 100
Contents
GPRS Overview
Typical Solution
Page 101
Networking Solution
Gi Gi Gi
GGSN
GGSN 3G GGSN
Gn Gn
Gn Gn
2G/3G SGSN
2G SGSN 3G SGSN
Gb Iu- Iu-
Gb
PS PS
BSS UTRAN BSS UTRAN
Unified PS Mode Separated PS Mode
Unified mode－－provide 2G/3G interface and services simultaneously

Separated mode－－2G and 3G interface and service are provide by 2G
equipments and 3G equipments separately
Page 102
Charging Solution
Prepaid based on Prepaid and postpaid

CAMEL 3 based on RADIUS AAA
AAA
SCP
SGSN GGSN
CG Billing system
Postpaid and Hot-billing
 Postpaid
 Hot-billing
 AAA charging
 CAMEL based prepaid: SGSN or GGSN CAMEL solution
 Time-duration, data flux, content based or QoS based charging
 Flat rate
Page 103
Charging: S-CDR and G-CDR
S-CDR G-CDR
Field Category Description Field Category Description
recordType M GPRS GGSN PDP context record. recordType M GPRS GGSN PDP context record.
networkInitiation C Present if this is a network initiated PDP context. networkInitiation C Present if this is a network initiated PDP context.
servedIMSI M IMSI of the served party (if Anonymous Access Indicator is FALSE servedIMSI M IMSI of the served party (if Anonymous Access Indicator is FALSE
or not supplied). or not supplied).

ggsnAddress M The IP address of the GGSN used.
ggsnAddress M The IP address of the GGSN used.
chargingID M PDP context identifier used to identify this PDP context in different
chargingID M PDP context identifier used to identify this PDP context in different
records created by GSNs
records created by GSNs
sgsnAddress M List of SGSN addresses used during this record.
sgsnAddress M List of SGSN addresses used during this record.
accessPointNameNI M The logical name of the connected access point to the external
accessPointNameNI M The logical name of the connected access point to the external
packet data network (network identifier part of APN).
packet data network (network identifier part of APN).
pdpType M PDP type, i.e. IP, PPP, or IHOSS:OSP
pdpType M PDP type, i.e. IP, PPP, or IHOSS:OSP servedPDPAddress M PDP address, i.e. IPv4 or IPv6
servedPDPAddress M PDP address, i.e. IPv4 or IPv6 dynamicAddressFlag C Indicates whether served PDP address is dynamic, which is allocated
dynamicAddressFlag C Indicates whether served PDP address is dynamic, which is allocated during PDP context activation.
during PDP context activation.
listOfTrafficVolumes M A list of changes in charging conditions for this PDP context, each
listOfTrafficVolumes M A list of changes in charging conditions for this PDP context, each time stamped. Charging conditions are used to categorise traffic
time stamped. Charging conditions are used to categorise traffic volumes, such as per tariff period. Initial and subsequently changed
volumes, such as per tariff period. Initial and subsequently changed QoS and corresponding data values are listed. In GSM, data
volumes are in octets above the GTP layer and are separated for
QoS and corresponding data values are listed. In GSM, data
uplink and downlink traffic.
volumes are in octets above the GTP layer and are separated for
uplink and downlink traffic. In 3G, data volumes are in octets above the GTP-U layer and are
separated for uplink and downlink traffic.
In 3G, data volumes are in octets above the GTP-U layer and are
separated for uplink and downlink traffic. recordOpeningTime M Time stamp when this record was opened.
duration M Duration of this record in the GGSN.
recordOpeningTime M Time stamp when this record was opened.
causeForRecClosing M The reason for the release of record from this GGSN.
duration M Duration of this record in the GGSN.
diagnostics O A more detailed reason for the release of the connection.
causeForRecClosing M The reason for the release of record from this GGSN.
recordSequenceNumb C Partial record sequence number.
diagnostics O A more detailed reason for the release of the connection.
er
recordSequenceNumb C Partial record sequence number.
nodeID O Name of the recording entity.
er
recordExtensions O A set of network/ manufacturer specific extensions to the record.
nodeID O Name of the recording entity. localSequenceNumber O Consecutive record number created by this node. The number is
recordExtensions O A set of network/ manufacturer specific extensions to the record. allocated sequentially including all CDR types.
localSequenceNumber O Consecutive record number created by this node. The number is
apnSelectionMode O An index indicating how the APN was selected.
allocated sequentially including all CDR types.
servedMSISDN O The primary MSISDN of the subscriber.
apnSelectionMode O An index indicating how the APN was selected. chargingCharacteristic C The Charging Characteristics flag retrieved from subscriber's data.
servedMSISDN O The primary MSISDN of the subscriber. s
chargingCharacteristic C The Charging Characteristics flag retrieved from subscriber's data. chChSelectionMode O Holds information about how Charging Characteristics were
selected.
s
chChSelectionMode O Holds information about how Charging Characteristics were sgsnPLMNIdentifier O SGSN PLMN identifier (MCC and MNC) used during this record.
selected.
sgsnPLMNIdentifier O SGSN PLMN identifier (MCC and MNC) used during this record.
Page 104
Charging: Prepaid Solution
Real-time Prepaid
HLR
SCP
CAMEL 3 SCP
SGSN
SGSN
CG Billing system
GGSN
Anti-real-time Prepaid
Page 105
Charging: Content Based Charging
Online Charging System* Policy and Charging

Control Node Gq
Service Data (PCCN)
CAMEL AF
SCP Flow Based
Credit Control Ry Rx
PDF CRF
Go
Gx
Gy
Gateway
(GW)
TPF PEP
Charging
Gateway
Function Gz
Charging
Collection
Function
Page 106
Roaming Scenario: Visiting GGSN
Home PLMN ISP

Network
SGSN GGSN
UE
MS
HLR BG
Subscription
data
Roaming
UE BG
Re-attach ISP
- SGSN GGSN Network
UE
MS
Visiting PLMN
Page 107
Roaming Scenario: Home GGSN
Home PLMN ISP

Network
SGSN GGSN
UE
MS
HLR BG
IPSec
Subscription Tunnel
Hop-by-hop
data
GRX Network
GTP addressing
Roaming
UE BG
Re-attach GGSN
UE
MS SGSN
SGSN
Visiting PLMN
Page 108
Gb Networking
Mode I Mode II
The PCU is put at the BSS side, and is directly connected with the SGSN The PCU is put at the BSS side, and is connected with the SGSN through the frame
through point-to-point relay. The mode I is suitable when the PCU and SGSN are relay network.
close in distance. It is used more frequently in actual application.
Mode III Mode IV

If the PCU does not support Gb over IP but E1 only, use routers to realize switching If the PCU supports Gb over IP, it can be directly connected with the SGSN through IP links
from E1 to FR over IP for the connection between the SGSN and the PCU.
Page 109
IU-PS Networking
MGW transmitting mode

ATM networking mode If the operator does not have the ATM network, and the transmission resource is
If the operator has ATM network, the RNC is connected with the limited, so data in the Iu-PS interface can first be converged to the MGW, and
SGSN through the ATM network. then be transmitted to the SGSN through the PVC.
IP networking mode
The SGSN9810 must support the feature of Iu over IP on both user plane and control plane. Therefore, the RNC can be directly connected with the SGSN
through the IP network.
Page 110

UMTS Core de Paquetes

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Contents

GPRS Related Procedure

GSM Expanding phase of

GSM: All network is used for circuited Mobile services

To full packet switching is the direction of network evolution.

So Many Attractive Services

NMS M2000 LIG

•Saving and updating •Session management

•Real-time collection of GPRS

RNC (Radio Network Controller) :

MS  Resolve the APN to a GGSN IP in the PDP active procedure

User Plane for A/Gb mode

MAC MAC Network Network Control Plane MS - SGSN in A/Gb mode

E.g., IP, E.g., IP,

PDCP PDCP GTP-U GTP-U GTP-U GTP-U

RLC RLC UDP/IP UDP/IP UDP/IP UDP/IP

IP IP over GTP AAA

Private network SSM

• Original user IP packet

• Access to services network Private network

GPRS Related Procedure

Radio Resource Management

Attach and Detach

Service Request (UMTS only)

•The READY timer controls the time an MS

READY Implicit Detach

MS MM States 3G-SGSN MM States

Class-A mode of operation

PS/CS mode of operation

Mode Network configuration Combined procedure by MT

I Gs interface is present Yes

Attach and Detach

Service Request (UMTS only)

Note: Only MS/UE can initiate the attach procedure.

IMSI IMSI is the main reference key. X X

MM State Mobility management state, IDLE, STANDBY, READY, PMM-DETACHED, PMM-IDLE, or X X

P-TMSI Packet Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity. X X

P-TMSI Signature A signature used for identification checking purposes. X X

IMEI International Mobile Equipment Identity X X

MSISDN The basic MSISDN of the MS. X X

Routeing Area Current routeing area. X X

Authentication Vectors Authentication and ciphering parameters (authentication triplets or quintets). X X

Kc Currently used A/Gb mode ciphering key. X 2)

CKSN Ciphering key sequence number of Kc. X 2)

Ciphering algorithm Selected ciphering algorithm (GEA). X X

CK Currently used Iu mode ciphering key. 1) X

KSI Key Set Identifier. 1) X

MS Radio Access Capability MS radio access capabilities. X

MS Network Capability MS network capabilities. X X

DRX Parameters Discontinuous reception parameters. X X

PPF Indicates whether paging for PS and CS services can be initiated. X X

SMS Parameters SMS-related parameters, e.g. operator-determined barring. X X

Recovery Indicates if HLR or VLR is performing database recovery. X X

GPRS-CSI Optional GPRS CAMEL subscription information, see 3GPP TS 23.016 X X

The different types of detach 0 1 0 IMSI detach

In the network to MS direction:

All other values are interpreted as re-attach not

The MS is detached either explicitly

 The Purge function allows an SGSN to

 After the MS detach from the network:

Attach and Detach

Service Request (UMTS only)

Authentication data request

Store authentication vectors