_________________________________________________________________________

Build and implement a common

TITLE :
emitter amplifier using transistor.

DATE OF
: 21th Oct, 2019
EXPERIMENT

Lab Number : 06

NAME : ___________________

ROLL NO : ___________________

Mechanical Electronics Lab Page 1

_________________________________________________________________________

Objective:
• Learn to set the Q-point on DC load Line to mid for amplification.
• Build a common emitter amplifier using transistor.

Equipment:
Transistor (2N3904) NPN.
Resistors.
Capacitor.

Theory:
An amplifier is an electronic device or circuit which is used to increase the magnitude of
the signal applied to its input. Amplifier is the generic term used to describe a circuit which
produces and increased version of its input signal.
There are different types of transistor amplifiers operated by using an AC signal input.
Which are interchanged between the positive value and negative value; hence this is the
one way of presenting the common emitter amplifier circuit to function between two peak
values. This process is known as the biasing amplifier and it is an important amplifier
design to establish the exact operating point of a transistor amplifier which is ready to
receive the signals hence it can reduce any distortion to the output signal.
Common Emitter amplifier:
The common emitter amplifier is a three basic single stage bipolar junction transistor and
is used as a voltage amplifier. The input of this amplifier is taken from the base terminal,
the output is collected from the collector terminal and the emitter terminal is common for
both the terminals.

Mechanical Electronics Lab Page 2

_________________________________________________________________________

Here we can see that R1 and R2 are used as voltage divider bias circuit to set the q point to
center for the amplification process. RL is the load resistance and capacitor C1 is known
as coupling capacitor which act as a filter between input voltage and DC bias Voltage, so
that no DC voltages are added up in input signal. While the C2 capacitor is known as bypass
capacitor which is used to give easy path to the emitter current to complete its path. It is
used to achieve the high voltage gain. Generally, the value of the bypass capacitor, C2 is
chosen to provide a reactance of at most, 1/10th the value of RE at the lowest operating
signal frequency. A decoupling capacitor is also used at the output terminal to separate DC
component of voltages to add up in the actual AC output.

The Voltage Gain of the common emitter amplifier is equal to the ratio of the change in
the input voltage to the change in the amplifiers output voltage. Then ΔVL is Vout and
ΔVB is Vin. But voltage gain is also equal to the ratio of the signal resistance in the
Collector to the signal resistance in the Emitter and is given as:

Transistor Biasing:
As voltage divider bias circuit is used in common emitter amplifier so these formulas are
used to properly set the Q point to center for amplification.

Mechanical Electronics Lab Page 3

_________________________________________________________________________

Task 1:
• Implement the common emitter amplifier circuit.
• Don’t connect the input signal at base terminal.
• Draw the DC load line and find the Q – operating point (Vce-q and Ie-q) through
DC analysis.
• Set and make sure that q-point is set at center.
• Measure the Vce-q and Ie-q value using multimeter to verify.

Task 2:
• Now apply input signal of 20mVp-p of 1KHz at the input.
• Using the oscilloscope, observe the input and output voltages using both channels.
• Find the voltage gain through multimeter as well as from the oscilloscope.
• Find the current gain through multimeter as well.
• Increase the value of input voltages from (0.2mVp-p to 1Vp-p) with fixed
frequency of 1KHz and observe the output voltage behavior through oscilloscope.
• Find voltage gain for different amplitude values of input signal in tabular form.
• Now fix the Input voltage at 20mVp-p and increase the frequency from (50 Hz to
1MHz) of input signal and observe the output voltage behavior through
oscilloscope.
• Find voltage gain at different frequency values of input signal in tabular form.
• Now again set input at 20mVp-p and 1KHz frequency.
• Now remove the by-pass capacitor and observe the both gain value.

Mechanical Electronics Lab Page 4