MINI RESEARCH

Title: OSCILATION ON SIMPLE PENDULUM

By:
GROUP II

Group Member :
Name : Lasma Enita Siahaan
NIM : 4182121010
Name : Luni Karlina Manik
NIM : 4182121010
Name : Nursyahadah
NIM : 4182121007
Name : Raivita Jesica Nainggolan
NIM : 413121026
Class : Bilingual Physics 2018
Strata : S-1
Subject : Mechanics

Submitted on May 7th 2019

FACULTY OF MATHEMATIC AND SCIENCE

STATE UNIVERSITY OF MEDAN
2019

Format Laporan Proyek 0

PRELIMINARY
Vibrations in the physical sciences is divided into two, namely the simple harmonic
vibration and harmonic vibration complex. Vibrations were discussed  on a swing or a simple
pendulum is simple harmonic vibration, whereby the resultant force acting on an arbitrary
point always leads to the equilibrium point, and this phenomenon is called resonance. An
object can be said to be resonant with the impulses that worked for him.Swing is a pendulum
that has only one natural frequency dependent on the length of the rope, and do not depend on
the mass or mass pendulum rope

Simple harmonic motion encountered in everyday life is a simple swing and motion in
the spring. In simple harmonic motion there is a massive amount of -besaran fiika,   ie the
period (T), frequency (f). Harmonic motion can also be linear and angular. For example
harmonic motion is sucking in gas cylinders, oscillatory motion of mercury or water in the
pipe U. While examples of simple harmonic motion is the motion of the pendulum angular,
swing torque, and so forth.

PURPOSE
Lab experiments aimed to determine the value of the earth gravitation acceleration ( g ) in the
experiment.

THEORYTICAL REVIEW
Motion in physics is defined as a change of place or position, either occur once or
many times. In the world of science, the motion has a value of scalar and vector values. The
combination of both these quantities may become a new scale, called keceparan and
acceleration. Movement on a body are generally affected by two types of energy, the
potential energy and mechanical energy, namely the incorporation of potential energy and
kinetic energy. Under the amendments, the motion can be divided into two, namely the
oscillatory motion and the motion is not insulated (Wikipedia, 2016).
Oscillatory motion is a periodic variation with time of a measurement
result. Examples of oscillatory motion is the motion of the simple pendulum swing. In the
words frequently used words vibrational oscillation or vibration,    synonyms or synonyms,

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even though vibration or vibration word refers to a specific kind of mechanical
oscillation. Oscillations occur not only on a physical system, but can also be in a biological
system, and even in society (Wikipedia, 2016).
a. Resonance
Resonance is a certain condition that occurs in an object, when it comes to a stimulus
(external influence) in the form of a periodic force whose frequency is equal to the natural
frequency the object can vibrate. Due to the resonance state of the object vibrates with the
greatest amplitude that may be caused by the periodic force.
Resonance is also called the vibration of an object because it has a frequency
equation. The frequency itself is a back and forth movement, like a swing, swinging to and
fro. This one-time movement back and forth is called FREQUENCY.
This means that if there are two or more objects that if vibrate have the same
frequency, then if one of them vibrates (and the other is still) then what happens is the other
object will also vibrate. The "energy" that shakes it up is because of that resonance
phenomenon.
b. Natural Frequency
The natural frequency of an oscillator is defined as the frequency of the oscillator
when there is no force or damping force. (The spring's natural angular frequency, for
example, is ω0 =. If the forced frequency is the same (or almost the same as) the system's
natural frequency, the system will oscillate with an amplitude that is much greater than the
force force amplitude. If the forced frequency is equal to the natural frequency of the
oscillator , the energy absorbed by the oscillator is of maximum value, so the natural
frequency is called the system resonance frequency.

METHOD
Equipment and Materials
 Tools
Name of Tools Quantity
Ruler 1
(serves as a measure of the length of a rope.)
Stopwatch 1
(serves   to calculate the time period or
objects swing required to perform one
vibration.)

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 Statif 1
(serves to suspend an object.)
 
       Material
Name of Materials Quantity
Expenses 2,4 m
(Charges serve as ballast in the pendulum.)
Thread 5
(serves as a binder weight.)

Experimental Procedure
1.            Compiled tools such as vertical upright.
2.            Arranged along the rope length of 90 cm.
3.            Given fork on a string about 15 cm and remove the pendulum.
4.            Noting the time to 10 times the vibration on the table.
5.            Do measurements at 1-4 points 5 times.
6.            Do measurements in the same way but denganvariasi a different length of rope.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

4.1 Data observation

Amplitude 10 20 30 40
(degrees)
  Period ( s ) Period ( s ) Period ( s ) Period ( s )
1.0764 1.0812 1.089 1.0984
1.0763 1.0812 1.0888 1.0981
1.0764 1.081 1.0888 1.0978
1.0763 1.081 1.0886 1.0976
1.0763 1.081 1.0884 1.0973
 
1.0762 1.0809 1.0884 1.097
1.0763 1.0808 1.0882 1.0968
1.0763 1.0808 1.0881 1.0965
1.0762 1.0808 1.0879 1.0963
1.0762 1.0807 1.0879 1.0961
Average 1.07629 1.08094 1.08841 1.09719
Standard
6.67424E-05 0.000162481 0.000367287 0.000740878
deviation

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DISCUSSION
At the first observation by swinging pendulum A, it appears that pendulum D does not
initially swing, pendulum D gradually swings with an amplitude that is getting bigger and
bigger. Meanwhile pendulum A decreases in amplitude, and finally does not swing. Likewise,
pendulum D decreases as the amplitude decreases, and eventually the technique swings. Keep
in mind that natural frequency A is the same as natural frequency D, because the pendulum
has the same length. The other pendulum is arguably not swinging.
In the next observation by swinging pendulum B, what will be seen is pendulum E which
was originally not swinging, pendulum E will gradually swing with greater amplitude.
Meanwhile pendulum B decreases in amplitude, and finally does not swing. Likewise, the
pendulum E decreases as the amplitude decreases, and eventually the technique swings. Keep
in mind that the natural frequency B is the same as the natural frequency E, because the
pendulum has the same length. Other pendulum can also be said not swinging.
In the last observation by swinging the pendulum C, what will happen is that there are no
other pendulum moving until the C pendulum does not swing anymore, this is because the
pendulum C has a different rope length than the other pendulum so the angular frequency that
occurs is different.

In fact different frequencies can occur resonance, provided that the difference in frequency
is small. However, the resonance that occurs is not as good if the frequency is the same. Thus
it can be said that the condition for resonance is if the frequency is the same or almost the
same.

Conclusion
The conclusion that can be drawn from this lab experiment is said to be moving
objects, if the object is swinging through the equilibrium point and back again to the starting
position. According to the equation the period (T) is proportional to the root of the swing
length (l)  for the T and L can be measured, then the acceleration due to gravity (g) can be
calculated.

BIBLIOGRAPHY
Halliday, David. 1987. PHYSICS third Edii Volume 1 . Jakarta: Erland.