Certificate

This is to certify that this Excursion was undertaken by Department Of Zoology, Alipurduar
College, submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of BACHELOR OF
SCIENCE in Zoology to the University of North Bengal, Siliguri, is a record of bonafide Field
Trip done by _____________________________, Roll. __________________, No. __________
during the period of her study in this College under our guidance.

Place: Signature of Teachers:

Date:

i
 Acknowledgement
First and foremost I humbly bow my head before the God almighty, who blessed me with the
willpower and courage to complete this endeavor.
It is with great respect and devotion I place on record my deep sense of gratitude and
indebtedness to my Dr. Jyoti Bikash Nath, Principal (Teacher-in-Charge), Alipurduar College,
Alipurduar for his sustained and valuable guidance, constructive suggestions, unfailing patience,
friendly approach, constant support and encouragement throughout the course to make the
excursion extremely successful.
I profoundly thank Smt. Reba Saha, Associate Professor and Head, Department of Zoology, for
her unstinted support, critical comments and valuable suggestions all throughout the course.
I am extremely delighted to place on record my profound sense of gratitude to Sri Bimal Roy,
Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science, Alipurduar College and Mr. Ritendra
Narayan Sil, Computer Operator, Alipurduar College, for their willing co-operation and guidance
offered in time when I needed it the most.
I express my heartfelt thanks to Sri Subrata Saha Ms. Alolika Bose and Mrinal Ray, Department
of Zoology, Alipurduar College for all the help rendered to me during the entire course of study.
I convey my deep sense of gratitude to our Laboratory attendants Sri Subodh Chandra Dey, Mrs.
Baby Sarkar and Mr. Debasish , Department of Zoology, Alipurduar College for their support.
A special word of thanks to all my seniors, juniors and my classmates for their help offered in
time when I needed and for others funny memories with them.
Lastly but not least, I owe my profound gratitude to my dear parents for their boundless
affection, constant prayers, moral support and unfairly inspiration all along my way, without
them, it would have been impossible to complete my studies.

Place:
Date: (Name: )

[ii]
 Contents
Serial no. Title Page no.

1. Introduction 1

2. Geographical Location 1

3. History 3

4. Weather and Climate 3

5. Aims and Objectives 3

6. Importance of Biodiversity 4

7. Our Team 5

8. Tour Diary 6

9. Jaldapara National Park-At A Glance 7

10. Methods of Study at the Park 7

11. Biological Resources 9

12. Resource Management and Use 18

13. Conclusion 20

14. References 20

[iii]
 1. Introduction:
Zoology is the study of life and its interaction with the environment. Only book knowledge has
no value for a student of the subject, as it deals with a constant interaction between organisms.
There are various practical as well as observational parts of the subject, for which practical
experience is must, otherwise the study becomes incomplete. The field work is an important part
of zoological study as it supplies the information of biodiversity, which is extremely useful to
study the habit, habitat and various kinds of behaviors of animals. Study of ecosystem not only
helps us to understand the interactions of various groups of animals but also throw some spec of
light to its applied field,. soSo that one can utilize the information in a better way in our daily life
or can use it in human welfare.

With the above aim, a visit to the Jaldapara National Park was visited made and to study the
conservation strategies for the wild life protection along with its biodiversities was studied.

Jaldapara National Park has been placed on the wildlife map of India because of the presence of
the Great Indian One Horned Rhinoceros (Rhinoceros unicornis) and its rich Biobio-diversity.
Jaldapara National ParkIt has got great biodiversity and ecological significance as it forms the
genepoolgene pool reserve for great one horned rhinoceros outside Assam and Nepal. The Rhino
population in Jaldapara National Park is a remnant of erstwhile population inhabiting Indo-
Gangetic plains which got geographically isolated due to fragmentation of habitat. As of now
Jaldapara forms second largest home for critically endangered Great one horned Rhinoceros. In
addition Jaldapara harbors herds of Gaur, Hispid hare, Hog deer, Sambar, Barking Deer and
Asiatic Elephants, Leopard etc.

2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9. Geographical Location:

1
Jaldapara National Park (formerly Jaldapara Wildlife Sanctuary) is a National Park situated at
the foothills of the Eastern Himalayas in Alipurduar District of northern part of West Bengal and
on the banks of the Torsa River. Jaldapara is situated at an altitude of 61 m from sea level and is
spread across 216.51 km2 (83.59 sq mi) of vast grassland with patches of riverine forests. The
river Torsha flows through this rain forest sanctuary and have an area of 141 Sq.km. It contains a
great diversity of flora and fauna of mixed deciduous forest, grasslands and river banks. The park
is drained by various rivers like Torsa, Malangi, Hollong, Chirakhawa, Kalijhora, Sissamara,
Bhaluka, Buri Torsa and Malangi River also which flows nearby from east to west. Drained by
rivers Torsa, Malangi, Hollong, Chirakhawa, Kalijhora, Sissamara, Bhaluka and Buri Torsa,
theThe Sanctuarypark provides extensiveextensive grassland which is a last refuge to a wide
variety of mammals, amphibians, reptiles and birds.

Latitude: 25° 58′ to 27° 45′ N

Longitude: 89° 08′ to 89° 55′ E 

a.

[2]
 b.

Figure 1(a. & b): Location of Jaldapara National Park

10.History:
The forests of Jaldapara were earlier part of Buxa Forest division and were being managed for
commercial purposes till 1929. The Bengal Rhinocerous Preservation act came into force in 1932
providing protection to one horned Rhinocerous.

 The area was first declared as game sanctuary in the year 1941with an area of 99.51 sq
km.
 The Game Sanctuary was renotified as Jaldapara Wildlife Sanctuary in the year 1976 and
its area was increased to 115.53 sq km. Another 100.98 sq km was added to wildlife
sanctuary in the year 1990 thus increasing the total area of the sanctuary to 216.51 sq km.
 The entire area was upgraded to the status of National park in the year 2012 vide
Notification number: 973/FOR/FR/O/IIM-44-11 Dated: 27/04/2012
11.Weather and Climate:
The entire tract of Jaldapara lies in the moist tropical zone.

Average day temperature From Nov to Feb: 10o to 21o From May to Sept:27o to 37o

[3]
Since the national park is located in foothills of outer Himalayas, it remains adequately humid
throughout the year. Maximum relative humidity varies between 80 to 95% during June to
September and it drops down to 70-75% in winters.

From November to February the nights are very cold with frost and dew and in low lying areas
dense fog lingers often till 9 am.

South West monsoon is the main source of rainfall. Maximum rainfall occurs from mid-June to
September. July and August are the wettest months. March receives maximum of winter rain.
Average annual rainfall of the park is 382cm. Pre monsoon showers accompanied by
thunderstorms occur in the Months of April and May.

12.
13.Aims Andand Objectives:
 To get a vivid idea about the forest biodiversity by observing various fauna and flora
through jungle safari.
 To get a record of the observed fauna and flora for further study.
 To know about the utilization of the forest resources and the dependence of human
population on it.

14.
15.Importance Ofof Biodiversity:
Biodiversity has a number of functions on the Earth. These are as follows:
 Maintaining balance of the ecosystem: Recycling and storage of nutrients,
combating pollution, and stabilizing climate, protecting water resources, forming
and protecting soil and maintaining ecobalance.
 Provision of biological resources: Provision of medicines and pharmaceuticals,
food for the human population and animals, ornamental plants, wood products,
breeding stock and diversity of species, ecosystems and genes.
 Social benefits: Recreation and tourism, cultural value and education and
research.
The role of biodiversity in human life:

[4]
  Biodiversity and food: 80% of human food supply comes from 20 kinds of plants.
But humans use 40,000 species for food, clothing and shelter. Biodiversity
provides for variety of foods for the planet.
 Biodiversity and human health: The shortage of drinking water is expected to
create a major global crisis. Biodiversity also plays an important role in drug
discovery and medicinal resources. Medicines from nature account for usage
by 80% of the world’s population.
 Biodiversity and industry: Biological sources provide many industrial materials.
These include fiber, oil, dyes, rubber, water, timber, paper and food.
 Biodiversity and culture: Biodiversity enhances recreational activities like bird
watching, fishing, trekking etc. It inspires musicians and artists.

16.Our Team:

GIRLS BOYS TEACHERS

1. Ankita Saha 1. Gourab 1. 2. Subrata
2. Alo Das Bhowmik Saha 1.
3. Himashreya Barman 2. Raju Barman 2. Alolika Bose
4. Manjuri Aich 3. Abhik Paul 3. 3.
5. Sancharita Das 4. Arijit Saha 4. Mrinal RoyRay
6. Baishali Ghosh 5. Dipankar Sarkar
7. Priyanka Oraon 6. Subinay Sarkar
8. Puja Sarkar
9. Arpita Paul
10. Sukanya

[5]
 Plate 1: Tour team

17.Tour Diary:

DATE TIME ACTIVITY

14.01.2018 12:00 PM Boarding at college campus by bus

1:45 PM Reaching at
3:00 pm Visit to Khayarbari Park
15.01.2018 6:30 am Study of Forest Floor Ecosytem at Jaldapara National Park

9:00 am Visit to the Museum at Madarihat

12:00 pm Visit to the Jaldapara National Park
4:00 pm Left for Alipurduar by reserve bus
6:00 pm Reaching Alipurduar

Table 1: Tour Itinerary

[6]
 18.Jaldapara National Park-At A Glance:
Jaldapara National Park is a place which provide excellent habitat of Rhino, next to Assam.
Moreover, Jaldapara National Park offers great scope for study of Asian Elephant, Gaur, leopard,
and is also very rich in wild flora.

It contains a total of 585 identified species of flowering plants which belongs to 429 genera and
111 families. Out of them, 71 are grass species, 19 are orchid species and 47 endangered plant
species which are of conservation importance. Moreover it contains many Pteridophytes,
Bryophytes, Algae, Fungi and Lichens.

Grasses are mainly dominated by Saccharum spontaneum, Bothriochloa pertusa, Apluda mutica,
Vetiveria zizanioides, Chrysopogon aciculatus, Pennisetum glaucum, Setaria intermedia, S.
palmifolia and a purple flowered herb Exacum tetragonum.

[7]
As many as Jaldapara has 33 species of mammals of national importance have been recorded in
the park major being one horned rhinoceros, Asian Elephant, Indian Gaur, Sambar, hog deer etc.
It is also bird watcher’s paradise and is home to 246 recorded species of birds. Approximately 29
species of reptiles and 8 species of turtles are found in Jaldapara. Numerous perennial and
seasonal rivers harbor large number of fish species which is round 54.

19.Methods of Study at the Park:

We observed as well as surveyed relatively different parts of the park and collected data so
we can able to prepare a report to fulfill the project work based on our syllabus. We
collected the required data by following ways-

A) Jungle Safari: Jeeps are the ideal vehicles to travel in the region. Since many parts of
the region has been opened to the tourists. Safari is important for our study for the search
of the diverse fauna and flora at the National Park. We were fascinated as we moved
through the narrow paths within the forest. We explored the jungle about 2 hours and saw
Asian elephant, Samber deer, Rhesus Macaque, Indian hornbill, Indian peafowl,
Kingfisher, Indian roller, Drongo etc. We were fortunate enough to spot a Rhinoceros. We
have experience a herd of wild bison at the salt pit of Holong Bungalow. We also noticed a
good number of peacocks and monkeys. During the safari, the conversation with the forest
guide about the conservation of the wild life and the alarming calls of the birds and animals
helps us most to understand the wild.

Plate 2: Jungle Safari

[8]
B) Watch Towers: There are two watch towers in the park and in front of Holong
Bungalow, vast area arranged for tourists to seat and observe the view beside the small
river where salt pits are located for the wild animals visited there.

Watch towers are very essential within the national parks. Because those are the places in
the jungle where one can allow settling down for some time and observing the outside from
the top view. Most of the birds we watched were clicked when we are settled on the watch
towers.

Plate 3: Watch Tower

C) Info from Guide: There is some interesting news about the National Park which we
came to know during the interaction of one experienced forest guard. During our visit we
noticed that there are lots of forest villages within the buffer zone of the forest. When we
ask the matter to the guard he let us know that the Jaldapara forest was given a "wildlife
sanctuary" status in the British Era in 1941 when its area was 141 sq km. At present,
Jaldapara is spread over in an area of 216.51 sq km and Within the 216.51 sq km area,
there is no forest village and that is going to be the actual size of the national park.

11.

[9]
Biological Resources:

 FAUNAL DIVERSITY: The faunal resources are as follows-

A.

B. A.TYPE- MAMMALS

Serial Common Name Scientific Name Iucn Status

No.
1. Indian One Horned Rhinoceros unicornis Vulnerable
Rhinoceros
2. Asian Elephant Elephas maximus Endangered
3. Indian Gaur Bos gaurus Vulnerable
4. Wild Buffalo Bubalus arnee Endangered
5. Sambar Rusa unicolor Vulnerable
6. Swamp Deer Rucervus duvaucelii Vulnerable
7. Hog Deer Axis porcinus Endangered
8. Barking Deer Muntiacus muntjak vaginalis Least concern
9. Spotted Deer Rusa alfredi Endangered
10. Hispid hare Caprolagus hispidus Endangered
11. Wild Boar Sus scrofa Least concern
12. Leopard Panthera pardus Threatened
13. Golden Jackle Canis aureus Least concern
14. Jungle cat Felis chaus Least concern
15. Rhesus Macaque Macaca mulatta Least concern

C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
H. B. TYPE- BIRDS

SERIAL COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME IUCN STATUS

NO.

[10]
1. Indian Peafowl Pavo cristatus Least Concern
2. Crested Serpent Eagle Spilornis cheela Vulnerable
3. Black necked Stork Ephippiorhynchus asiaticus Near Threatened
4. Lesser Adjutant Stork Leptoptilos javanicus Vulnerable
5. Blue Whistling Thrush Myophonus caeruleus Least Concern
6. Hoopoe Upupa sp Least Concern
7. Greater Flameback Chrysocolaptes guttacristatu Threatened
8. Greater Spotted Eagle Clanga clanga Vulnerable
9. Great Cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo Least Concern
10. Stork Billed Kingfisher Pelargopsis capensis Least Concern
11. Common Hawk Cuckoo Hierococcyx varius Least Concern
12. Brown Hawk Owl Ninox scutulata Least Concern
13. Coppersmith Barber Megalaima haemacephala Least Concern
14. Yellow footed Green Treron phoenicoptera Vulnerable
Pigeon
15. Black Stork Ephippiorhynchus asiaticus Near Threatened
16. Green tailed Sunbird Aethopyga nipalensis Least Concern
17. Red Junglefowl Gallus gallus Threatened
18. Changeable Hawk Eagle Nisaetus cirrhatus Threatened
19. Great Indian Hornbill Buceros bicornis Near threatened
20. Lesser Pied Hornbill Anthracoceros coronatus Near threatened
21. Purplee Swamp hen Porphyrio porphyrio Least Concern
22. Bengal Florican Houbaropsis bengalensis Critically Endangered
23. Finn’s Weaver Ploceus megarhynchus Vulnerable
24. Lesser Racket tailed Dicrurus paradiseus Threatened
Drongo
25. Shikra Accipiter badius Least Concern

I. C. TYPE- REPTILES

SERIAL COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME IUCN STATUS

NO.
1. Indian Rock Python Python molurus Near threatened
2. Monitor Lizards Varanus bengalensis Least Concern
3. Kraits Bungarus caeruleus Endangered
4. Spectacled Cobra Naja naja Near threatened
5. Gecko Hemidactylus frenatus Vulnerable
6. Indian Roofed Turtle Pangshura teeta Least Concern

 FLORAL DIVERSITY: The floral resources are as follows-

SERIAL COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME
NO.
[11]
 1. Sal Shorea robusta
2. Chilauni Schima wallichii
3. Chikrasi Chukrasia tabularis
4. Champ Michelia champaca
5. Bahera Terminalia belerica
6. Sidha Lagerstroemia parviflora
7. Panisaj Terminalia myriocarpa
8. Lampati Duabanga sonneratiodes
9. Lali Amoora wallichi
10. Lahasune Amoora rohituka
11. Kainjal Bischofia javanica
12. Shimul Bombax ciba
13. Khair Acacia catechu
14. Sissoo Dalbergia sissoo
15. Siris Albizzia sp
16. Topa kul Ziziphus mauritiana
17. Gamhar Gmelina arborea

 Observed Faunal Resources:

Serial Name Identifying Characters

no.
1. Indian One Horned Rhinoceros 1. The rhino's single horn is present in both
(Rhinoceros unicornis) males and females, but not on newborn
young. The black horn is pure keratin and
is slightly back-curved
2. The Indian rhinoceros has a thick grey-
brown skin with pinkish skin folds and a
black horn. Its upper legs and shoulders
are covered in wart-like bumps.
3. It has very little body hair, aside from
eyelashes, ear fringes and tail brush.
Males have huge neck folds.
2. Asian Elephant 1. shoulder height of between 2 and 3.5 m
(Elephas maximus) 2. have the highest body point on the head
3. Have smaller ears but relatively
broader skulls and larger trunks and the
tip of their trunk has one finger-like

[12]
 process.
3. Gaur 1. With a high convex ridge on the forehead
(Bos gaurus) between the horns, this protrudes
anteriorly, causing a deep hollow in the
profile of the upper part of the head.
There is a prominent ridge on the back.
2. The muzzle is pale coloured, and the lower
part of the legs are pure white or tan
3. In colour, the adult male gaur is dark
brown, approaching black in very old
individuals.
4. Sambar 1. They attain a height of 102 to 160 cm at
(Rusa unicolor) the shoulder
2. The large, rugged antlers are
typically rusine, the brow tines being
simple and the beams forked at the tip, so
they have only three tines
3. The shaggy coat can be from yellowish
brown to dark grey in colour, and while it
is usually uniform in colour, some
subspecies have chestnut marks on the
rump and underparts
4. The tail is relatively long for deer, and is
generally black above with a whitish
underside.
5. Rhesus Macaque 1. The rhesus macaque is brown or grey in
(Macaca mulatta) color and has a pink face, which is bereft
of fur.
2. Its tail is of medium length and averages
between 20.7 and 22.9 cm
3. Their ratio of arm length to leg length is
89%. They have dorsal scapulae and a

[13]

6. Indian Peafowl
(Pavo cristatus)
7. Great Indian Hornbill
(Buceros bicornis)
8. Lesser Racket tailed Drongo
(Dicrurus paradiseus)
[14]
wide rib cage.
1. Peacocks are a larger sized bird with a
length from bill to tail of 100 to 115 cm
and to the end of a fully grown train as
much as 195 to 225 cm
2. The male is metallic blue on the crown, the
feathers of the head being short and
curled
3. The scapular and the wings are buff and
barred in black, the primaries are
chestnut and the secondaries are black.
The tail is dark brown and the "train" is
made up of elongated upper tail coverts
and nearly these entire feathers end with
an elaborate eye-spot. The underside is
dark glossy green shading into blackish
under the tail.
1. The most prominent feature of the
hornbill is the bright yellow and
black casqued on top of its massive bill.
2. he casqued appears U-shaped when
viewed from the front, and the top is
concave, with two ridges along the sides
that form points in the front
3. Thecommissure of the beak is black and
has a serrated edge which becomes worn
with age.
1. The tail with twirled rackets is distinctive
2. the distinctive tail rackets and the crest of
curled feather that begin in front of the
face above the beak and along the crown
to varying extents according to the
 subspecies
9. Indian Roller,commonly called 1.  The breast is brownish and not blue as in
Neelkanth the European Roller.
(Coracias benghalensis) 2. The crown and vent are blue. The
primaries are deep purplish blue with a
band of pale blue.
3. The tail is sky blue with a terminal band
of Prussian blue and the central feathers
are dull green. The neck and throat are
purplish lilac with white shaft streaks. The
bare patch around the eye is ochre in
colour.
10. Kingfisher A. It has blue wings and tail, and olive-brown
(Pelargopsis capensis) head. Its under parts and neck are buff
B. The shape of the bill resembles that of a
stork.
C.

A. One Horned Rhinoceros B. Asian Elephant

[15]
 C. Gaur D. Sambar (escaping)

E. E. Rhesus Macaque

Plate 4: A to E observed mammalian fauna

A.

A.

A.

A.

A.

A. F. Indian Peafowl

[16]
G. Lesser Racket tailed Drongo H. Indian Roller

I. Hornbill J. Kingfisher
Plate 5: F to J Observed Avian Fauna

[17]
 A. One Horned Rhinoceros
B. Asian Elephant

C. Gaur E. Rhesus MacaqueD. Sambar (escaping)

Figure: A to E
observed mammalian fauna

[18]
 G. Hornbill H. Lesser Racket tailed Drongo

F. Indian Peafowl

I. Kingfisher J. Indian Roller

Figure: F to J Observed Avian

Fauna
 Observed Floral Resources:

SERIAL No. COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME

1. 1 Sal Shorea robusta
. Shimul Bombax ciba
2. Gamhar (Gamari) Gmelina arborea
3. Topa kul Ziziphus mauritiana
4. Sissoo Dalbergia sissoo
5. Siris Albizzia sp
6.

[19]
1. Sal Shorea robusta
2. Shimul Bombax ciba

3. Gamhar (Gamari) Gmelina arborea

4. Topa kul Ziziphus mauritiana

5. Sissoo Dalbergia sissoo

6. Siris Albizzia sp

a. b.

c. d.
Plate 5(a-d): Floral resources

[20]
12. Resource Management and Use:
i. Sustainable forest management: Sustainable forest management means using and
caring for forest in which that meet daily needs while protecting the forests for the future.
Each community needs to find what works best for them and for their forest. It can also
help resist threats to the forest by industry or the government. Sometimes, you can get a
better price for forest products if you can show they were produced sustainably but the
most important part of a sustainable forest management plan is that it helps local people
work together to use and protect forests.

Some ways to both use and protect the forest at the same time include:

 The forest villagers replant after cutting to make sure there will be new trees and
seeds to replace the ones that were cut. They grow new trees or plants under older
trees or in small clearings when they do not grow back by themselves at the buffer
zone of the National park. They ensures selective logging that is cutting only some
trees, while saving young trees and some healthy older trees to hold soil and provide
seed for the future.
 In the forest, during our safari we saw the people cutting the matured elephant
grass. Our safari guard let us know that when elephant grass is intended for hay it
should be cut at an early stage of maturity as the stems become too coarse when the
plant ages and the elephants stop feeding it. Thatswhy, the people there purposely
cut this grass so that new grasses grow at the places of old ones to ensure the
elephants feed it and that prevent them for starvation. The culms can be used to
make fences and the whole plant is used for thatch.
ii. Biodiversity and culture: There are 11 revenue villages situated in between the two
legs of the National Park and the concentration of wild life in these two legs is appreciable.
People residing in the fringe area of Jaldapara National Park are very poor. There is no
industry around the fringe area. Agriculture is the main occupation; Most of the families
are small and marginal farmers. A substantial proportion of the population comprise of
tribes such as Totos, Mech, Ravas, Oraons, Mundas, Rajbansis, Nepalies etc.

[21]
The ethnic Toto tribe, have their home in Totopara a village that lies in the extreme north
of the National Park adjoining Bhutan border. Their custom and culture have been a
subject matter of great anthropological interest.

Some of the forest villagers are appointed for the works of captive elephants. They did the
job as generation to generation wise. Tourists visiting the National Park are allowed to
view the Elephant bathing in Hollong River and feeding of Captive elephants at Hollong
Central Pilkhana. Some of the female villagers along with few male villagers performed
‘Bodo’ Folk dance at Holong beat at the time of evening. In this current situation, eco-
tourism around the national park can add to their socio-economic upliftment.

iii. Recreation and Tourism:

 Biodiversity enhances recreational activities like bird watching, jeep safari, elephant
safari, trekking etc. It inspires musicians and artists. The natural beauty as well as the
diversity of animal and plant life in National parks are ideal locations for recreational
activities and, in the best-known places, eco-tourism. Many of the finest sites are able to
generate considerable income from tourism and the array of activities available. Jaldapara
National Park is quite popular among the tourists in West Bengal as well as in India and
even abroad.

13.Conclusion:
The ecosystem and biodiversity, whatsoever I have read in the books, with this excursion I
have gathered a different idea about those in a vivid and clear manner. It would have not
been possible to gain such a valuable experience without a visit in those places. I believe,
this surely opens a new outlook of mine in a unique way. It is as if I could feel the nature,
its ecosystem and biodiversity so closely to some extent, for which I was absolutely
unaware. I hope, this experience will keep on inspiring me to undertake any kind of study
that I come across in the years to come.

14.References:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaldapara_National_Park

[22]
https://wikitravel.org/en/Jaldapara_National_Park

http://jaldapara.in/index.html

https://www.conserve-energy-future.com/what-is-biodiversity.php

IUCN-WWW.IUCN.org

Michael P. (1984) Ecological Methods for Field and Laboratory Investigations. Tata McGraw-
Hill, New Delhi.

Ghosh A.K. and Sengupta T. (1982) Handbook on Collection and Preservation and Study, ZSI.

New T.R. (1998) Invertebrates: Survey for Conservation. Oxford University Press.

[23]