Mathematics Association, Andromeda

Earth Mathematical
Olympiad (EMO)
Wloof, Jupiter_is_BIG,
jelena_ivanchic, DapperPeppermint,
amar_04, a2048

April 8, 2020
Rules and Submission Guidelines

• This file contains 15 problems and each problem is of 10 points. An

incorrect answer will lead to a penalty of 2 points whereas 0 points will
be awarded for leaving the problem.
• No submissions shall be excepted after 23 April, 23:59 hours IST (except
extraordinary circumstances).
• To submit your solutions, you simply need to create a PM with the
subject “Answers to EMO". Please write all your answers in #1 of the PM
and at the end copy paste this line “I have attempted this contest
without violating the rules and regulations." You may also provide a
feedback for the mock, like what problem you liked the most and why?
• You may use a four-operation calculator.
• Graphing devices, Geogebra and any other computational intelligence
are not allowed.
• Answer to each question is a whole number.
• You are under the surveillance of the Andromedian Invigilation Police,
so you must solve this paper with honesty without taking help from
anyone else.
• Don’t try searching out the problems on google! We are not interested
in judging how nicely you can use google.

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 • If you find a typo or mistake in some problem, PM to Jupiter_is_BIG,
jelena_ivanchic, DapperPeppermint, a2048, amar_04 with the subject:
"Clarification".
• All the problems in this mock are original. However, if you find a similar
problem, do not post it anywhere! Just keep it with you.
• Do not put the problems from this mock on any public site and do not
ask for clarifications on the contest thread.
• Your scores will be released on the day of result.

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And a last thing,
Don’t try to cheat with the
universal authorities
Else you better know!
 Problems
All the best!!
Problem 1

Problem 1. (a2048)
If all numbers are coloured in 2 colours, then find minimum
𝑛 ∈ N for which there always exists numbers 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐, 𝑑 from the
set {1, 2, 3, . . . , 𝑛} of the same colour such that 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 = 𝑑.

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Problem 2

Problem 2. (jelena_ivanchic)
Find the largest 𝑛 ≤ 2020 such that
𝑛  
Ö 𝑛
𝑘=0
𝑘

is an odd number.

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Problem 3

Problem 3. (DapperPeppermint)
In Pokémon land, there are 5 Pokémons - Pikachu,
Bulbasaur, Charmander, Squirtle and Catterpea.

They are given numbering 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 respectively. Each

Pokémon numbered 𝑖 has two different evolution - the first
one being 𝑎 𝑖 and the second one 𝑏 𝑖 . Each 15 Pokémons are
placed in 15 different cities such that the cities make the
shape of regular pentadecagon and only some cities are
connected to each other using roads and every city is
connected by at least 1 road. Let the number of roads for a
Pokemon 𝑖, 𝑎 𝑖 or 𝑏 𝑖 be given as 𝑑𝑒𝑔(𝑖), 𝑑𝑒𝑔(𝑎 𝑖 ) and 𝑑𝑒𝑔(𝑏 𝑖 )
respectively. It is known that for all 𝑖 = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5},
| 𝑑𝑒𝑔(𝑖) − 𝑑𝑒𝑔(𝑎 𝑖 ) |= 1, | 𝑑𝑒𝑔(𝑎 𝑖 ) − 𝑑𝑒𝑔(𝑏 𝑖 ) |= 1. Determine the
minimum number of such roads possible among all such
configurations.

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Problem 4

Problem 4. (jelena_ivanchic)
Let a and b be positive integers with a>b such that

20!|(𝑥 𝑎 − 𝑥 𝑏 )

Find the smallest possible value of 𝑎 + 𝑏.

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Problem 5

Problem 5. (jelena_ivanchic)
A pack of 10 cards , numbered from 1 to 10 , is shuffled and
kept into 3-different box, Box 𝐴 contains 4 cards, Box 𝐵
contains 3 and Box 𝐶 contains 3. Let the probability that 9
𝑥
and 10 card are in the same box be , where𝑥 and 𝑦 are
𝑦
natural numbers with gcd(𝑥, 𝑦) = 1. Find the value of 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 .

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Problem 6

Problem 6. (Jupiter_is_BIG)
For a positive integer n, let f(n) denote the largest power of
19 dividing 𝑛. For example, 𝑓 (3 · 72 · 192 ) = 192 , 𝑓 (7 · 113 ) = 190 = 1.
Find the positive integer 𝑛 for which

𝑓 (1) + 𝑓 (2) + 𝑓 (3) + · · · + 𝑓 (𝑛) = 1500

and if there exists no such 𝑛, write the answer as 0.

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Problem 7

Problem 7. (Wloof)
Let 𝑎 and 𝑏 be naturals such that 𝑎𝑏 = 2020 and 𝑎 > 𝑏. Find all
pairs of (𝑎, 𝑏) such√ that the polynomial equation
𝑥 𝑎+𝑏 + 𝑎𝑥 𝑎+𝑏−1 + b 𝑎 2 − 2020𝑏 2 c𝑥 − 𝑏 = 0 has no rational roots.

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Problem 8

Problem 8. (Jupiter_is_BIG)
In triangle 𝐴𝐵𝐶, let 𝐷, 𝐸, 𝐹 be the feet of the altitudes from
𝐴, 𝐵, 𝐶, respectively. Let 𝐻 be the orthocenter. If the
circumradius of 𝐴𝐵𝐶 is 10 and 𝐴𝐻 × 𝐵𝐻 × 𝐶𝐻 = 1520, find the
maximum possible value of 𝐴𝐻 × 𝐴𝐷 + 𝐵𝐻 × 𝐵𝐸 + 𝐶𝐻 × 𝐶𝐹.

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Problem 9

Problem 9. (Wloof)
In 4𝑃𝑄𝑅, 𝑃𝑄 = 𝑄𝑅 = 10. Let the foot of the perpendicular from
𝑃 and 𝑅 onto the tangent from 𝑄 to (𝑃𝑄𝑅) be 𝐴 and 𝐵 and
let the angle bisectors of ∠𝑅 𝐴𝑄 and ∠𝑅𝐵𝑄 intersect at a point
√
𝐸. If 𝑃𝐸 = 𝑃𝑅 = 𝑥 𝑦 𝑧, where (𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) ∈ N and 𝑔𝑐𝑑 (𝑥, 𝑧) = 1 and 𝑦 is a
𝑝
prime, then 𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝛼) = , where ( 𝑝, 𝑞) ∈ N and 𝑔𝑐𝑑 ( 𝑝, 𝑞) = 1 and
𝑞
 𝑝 + 𝑞 2
𝑧−
𝑚∠𝑃𝑄𝑅 = 𝛼 . Find the value of 𝑦 · 2 .
𝑞 + 𝑥𝑝

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Problem 10

Problem 10. (DapperPeppermint)

A regular convex 𝑥-gon is drawn and the midpoints of each
side is drawn. Now, the midpoints of consecutive sides are
joined by a line segment and this line segment is finally cut
to form a new 𝑥-gon with a smaller area. If area of larger
𝑥-gon and smaller 𝑥-gon is given by 𝐴𝑙 and 𝐴𝑠 respectively
𝐴𝑙
and 𝑓 (𝑥) = , then if the value of 𝑓 (3) + 𝑓 (4) + · · · 𝑓 (2020) can
𝐴𝑠  
180(𝑖 − 2)
𝑐2 + 𝑐 · 𝑐𝑜𝑠
𝑖
be written as 2020
Í
𝑖=3   , where 𝑓 (𝑥) is a
180(𝑖 − 2)
𝑐2 − 1 + 𝑓 2 90 +
𝑖
1
function and 𝑐 is a constant such that 𝑓 (𝑐 + 2𝑐 + 3𝑐 · · · 20𝑐) = ,
2
then find value of 120 𝑓 (𝑐4 − 2𝑐).

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Problem 11

Problem 11. (jelena_ivanchic)

Naruto was playing a game called “Konohagakure solitaire".
It is a one player game involving movement of pegs on a
board with holes. The game fills the entire board with pegs
except for the central hole. The objective is, making valid
moves, to empty the entire board as much as one can.

A valid move is to jump a peg over an adjacent (not

diagonal) peg into an empty hole two positions away and
then to remove the peg you have jumped over. Let 𝐴 be the
minimum no of pegs that will be left on the board after no
valid move is possible. Let 𝐵 be the minimum no of moves to
achieve 𝐴. Find the value of 𝐴 + 𝐵.
Picture of board can be found here, click me.

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Problem 12

Problem 12. (Wloof)

Define an operation T : A → B, B ⊆ A such that if 𝑓 h𝑎, 𝑏i ≡ 𝑎𝑏
(𝑚𝑜𝑑 𝑡), where (𝑎, 𝑏) ∈ A, 𝑎 ≠ 𝑏 and 𝑛(A) = 𝑡, then
T (A) =⇒ 𝑎, 𝑏 * B for all such 𝑎 and 𝑏, where 𝑓 : A → A such
that 𝑑𝑒𝑔( 𝑓 ) ≤ 2020, 𝑓 (𝑥) is always a polynomial and
𝑓 h𝑎, 𝑏i = h 𝑓 (𝑎), 𝑓 (𝑏)i = 𝑓 (𝑎) + 𝑓 (𝑏)
Example : If B = {1, 2, 3}, and if 𝑓 h1, 2i ≡ 2 (𝑚𝑜𝑑 3), then
T (A) =⇒ (1, 2) * B, but if 𝑓 h1, 3i . 3 (𝑚𝑜𝑑 3), then
T (A) ; (1, 3) ⊆ B.
Suppose A = {1, 2, · · · 2020} and for some arbitrary functions
𝑓1 , 𝑓2 · · · 𝑓 𝑘 , the value of 𝑛(B) = 1938 ,then find the value of
Î𝑘
𝑖=1 ( 𝑓𝑖 (1729) − 𝑓𝑖 (1010))

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Problem 13

Problem 13. (Jupiter_is_BIG)

Let 𝜂 𝑦𝑥 (𝑛) denote the number of 𝑥 × 𝑦 grid in which every
block has an integer at least 1 and at most 𝑛 such that sum
of numbers in each row or column is not 0 modulo 𝑛. Find
the value of
10
Õ 𝜂𝑖11−𝑖 (7)
𝑖=1
711𝑖−𝑖2

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Problem 14

Problem 14. (DapperPeppermint)

Let a function 𝑓 : R → Q be such that
3 3
√ 
 
 1 2 1
𝑓 3𝑥 2 − 3𝑦 𝑓 𝑥𝑦 − − 𝑓 𝑝 𝑞 −1 − − 15 𝑓 (𝑥 − 𝑦) 2
3 𝑥𝑦
= −42 − (4 𝑓 (0) + 𝑓 (𝑥 − 𝑦))

1 1
where 𝑝 = , 𝑞 = , (𝑥, 𝑦) ≠ 0.
𝑥 𝑦
Determine the maximum value of
√ 
r   
3 2
𝑓 3− 3 · 𝑓 .
3

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Problem 15

Problem 15. (Jupiter_is_BIG)

A natural number 𝑛 ≥ 2 belongs to Choco Land if there is a
set S such that each element of S is a natural number and
|S| = ∞ and for all pairwise distinct 𝑥1 , 𝑥2 , . . . , 𝑥 𝑛 ∈ S, the sum
1 1 1 1
+ + +···+
𝑥2 𝑥3 · · · 𝑥 𝑛 𝑥1 𝑥3 · · · 𝑥 𝑛 𝑥1 𝑥2 𝑥4 · · · 𝑥 𝑛 𝑥1 𝑥 2 · · · 𝑥 𝑛−1

is always an irreducible fraction. Let G be the set of all

numbers which belong Choco Land and are less than 1729.
Find sum of all elements of G.

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Thank You for your
participation