CLASS –XII MATHEMATICS NCERT SOLUTIONS

Application of Derivatives
Exercise 6.1
Answers
1. Let x denote the area of the circle of variable radius r.
∵ Area of circle ( x ) = π r 2
dx
∴ Rate of change of area x w.r.t. r = = π ( 2r ) = 2π r
dr
dx
(a) When r = 3 cm, then = 2π ( 3) = 6π sq. cm
dr
dx
(b) When r = 4 cm, then = 2π ( 4 ) = 8π sq. cm
dr
2. Let x cm be the edge of the cube.
Given: Rate of increase of volume of cube = 8 cm3/sec

( x.x.x ) = ( x3 ) is positive = 8
d d
⇒
dt dt
d dx 8
⇒ 3x2 x = 8 ⇒ = 2 ……….(i)
dt dt 3 x
Let y be the surface area of the cube, i.e., y = 6 x 2
dy d  dx   8 
∴ Rate of change of surface area of the cube = = 6 x 2 = 6  2 x  = 12 x  2 
dt dt  dt   3x 
 8  32
= 4  = cm2/sec
x x
dy 32 8
Putting x = 12 cm (given), = = cm2/sec
dt 12 3
dy 8
Since is positive, therefore surface area is increasing at the rate of cm2/sec.
dt 3
3. Let x cm be the radius of the circle at time t.
Rate of increase of radius of circle = 3 cm/sec
dx
⇒ is positive and = 3 cm/sec
dt
Let y be the area of the circle. ⇒ y = π r2
dy d dx
∴ Rate of change of area of circle = = π x 2 = π .2 x = 2π x ( 3) = 6π x
dt dt dt
dy
Putting x = 10 cm (given), = 6π (10 ) = 60π cm2/sec
dt
dy
Since is positive, therefore surface area is increasing at the rate of 60π cm2/sec.
dt
4. Let x cm be the edge of variable cube at time t.
Rate of increase of edge = 3 cm/sec

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 dx
⇒ is positive and = 3 cm/sec
dt
Let y be the volume of the cube. ⇒ y = x3
dy d 3 dx
∴ Rate of change of volume of cube = = x = 3x 2 = 3 x 2 ( 3) = 9x 2 cm3/sec
dt dt dt
dy
= 9 (10 ) = 900 cm3/sec
2
Putting x = 10 cm (given),
dt
dy
Since is positive, therefore volume of cube is increasing at the rate of 900 cm3/sec.
dt
5. Let x cm be the radius of the circular wave at time t.
Rate of increase of radius of circular wave = 5 cm/sec
dx
⇒ is positive and = 5 cm/sec
dt
Let y be the enclosed area of the circular wave. ⇒ y = π x2
dy d dx
∴ Rate of change of area = = π x 2 = π .2 x = 2π x ( 5 ) = 10π x
dt dt dt
dy
Putting x = 8 cm (given), = 10π ( 8 ) = 80π cm2/sec
dt
dy
Since is positive, therefore area of circular wave is increasing at the rate of 80π cm2/sec.
dt
6. Let x cm be the radius of the circle at time t.
Rate of increase of radius of circle = 0.7 cm/sec
dx
⇒ is positive and = 0.7 cm/sec
dt
Let y be the circumference of the circle. ⇒ y = 2π x
dy d
∴ Rate of change of circumference of circle = = 2π x = 2π ( 0.7 ) = 1.4π cm/sec
dt dt
7. Given: Rate of decrease of length x of rectangle is 5 cm/minute.
dx
⇒ is negative = –5 cm/minute
dt
Also, Rate of increase of width y of rectangle is 4 cm/minute
dy
⇒ is positive = 4 cm/minute
dt
(a) Let z denotes the perimeter of rectangle.
dz dx dy
∴ x = 2x + 2 y ⇒ =2 +2 = 2 ( −5 ) + 2 ( 4 ) = −2 is negative.
dt dt dt
∴ Perimeter of the rectangle is decreasing at the rate of 2 cm/sec.
(b) Let z denotes the area of rectangle. ⇒ z = xy
dz dy dx
⇒ =x +y = 8 ( 4 ) + 6 ( −5 ) = 2 is positive.
dt dt dt

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 ∴ Area of the rectangle is increasing at the rate of 2 cm2/sec.
8. Let x cm be the radius of the spherical balloon at time t.
d 4 3 4π d 3
According to the question,  π x  = 900 ⇒ x = 900
dt  3  3 dt
4π dx dx dx 900
⇒ .3x 2 = 900 ⇒ 4π x 2 = = 900 ⇒ =
3 dt dt dt 4π x 2
dx 900 dx 900 dx 900 1
⇒ = ⇒ = ⇒ = =
dt 4π (15 ) 2
dt 4π ( 225) dt 900π π
1
∴ Radius of balloon is increasing at the rate of cm sec.
π
4 3
9. Since, V= πx
3
dV d  4 3  4
∴ =  π x  = π .3x 2 = 4π x 2
dx dx  3  3
dV
= 4π (10 ) = 400π
2
⇒
dx
Therefore, the volume is increasing at the rate of 400π cm3/sec.
10. Let AB be the ladder and C is the junction of wall and ground, AB = 5 m B
Let CA = x meters, CB = y meters
According to the equation,
x increases, y decreases
dx
and = 2 cm/s A C
dt
In ∆ABC, AC2 + BC2 = AB2 [Using Pythagoras theorem]
⇒ x 2 + y 2 = 25 ……….(i)
dx dy dy
⇒ 2x + 2y =0 ⇒ 2x ( 2) + 2 y =0
dt dt dt
dy dy −2 x
⇒ 2y = −4 x ⇒ = ……….(ii)
dt dt y
When x = 4, 16 + y 2 = 25 ⇒ y=3 [From eq. (i)]
dy −2 × 4 −8
∴ From eq. (ii), = = cm/s
dt 3 3
11. Given: Equation of the curve 6 y = x3 + 2 ……….(i)
Let ( x, y ) be the required point on curve (i)
dy
According to the question, =8 ……….(ii)
dx
dy
∴ From eq. (i), 6 = 3x 2 ⇒ 6 × 8 = 3x 2 [From eq. (ii)]
dx

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 6×8
⇒ x2 = ⇒ x = ±4
3
Taking x = 4, 6 y = 64 + 2 ⇒ y = 11
∴ Required point is (4, 11).
−31
Taking x = −4, 6 y = −64 + 2 ⇒ y=
3
 −31 
∴ Required point is  −4, .
 3 
12. Let x cm be the radius of the air bubble at time t.
dx 1
According to question, is positive = cm/sec ……….(i)
dt 2
4π 3 dz 4π d 3 4π dx 1
Volume of air bubble ( z ) = x ⇒ = x = .3 x 2 = 4π x 2  
3 dt 3 dt 3 dt 2
dz
= 2π x 2 = 2π (1) = 2π
2
⇒
dt
Therefore, required rate of increase of volume of air bubble is 2π cm3/sec.
3
13. Given: Diameter of the balloon = ( 2 x + 1)
2
3
∴ Radius of the balloon = ( 2 x + 1)
4
9π
3
4 3 
∴ Volume of the balloon = π  ( 2 x + 1)  = ( 2 x + 1) cu. units
3

3 4  16
dV 9π 2 d
∴ Rate of change of volume w.r.t. x = = .3 ( 2 x + 1) . ( 2 x + x )
dx 16 dx
27π 27π
( 2 x + 1) .2 = ( 2 x + 1)
2 2
=
16 8
14. Let the height and radius of the sand-cone formed at time t second be y cm and x cm
respectively.
1
According to question, y= x ⇒ x = 6y
6
1 2 1
π x y = π ( 6 y ) y = 12π y 3
2
Volume of cone (V) =
3 3
dV
⇒ = 36π y 2
dy
dV dV dy dy
Now, since = 12 ⇒ × = 12 ⇒ 36π y 2 × = 12
dt dy dt dt
dy 1 dy 1 1
⇒ = ⇒ = = cm/sec
dt 3π y 2 dt 3π 4 2
48π

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15. Marginal cost =
dC
dx
=
d
dx
( 0.007 x 3 − 0.003 x 2 + 15 x + 4000 )

= 0.021x 2 − 0.006 x + 15
MC = 0.021(17 ) − 0.006 ×17 + 15 = 6.069 – 0.102 + 15 = 20.967
2
Now, when x = 17,
Therefore, required Marginal cost is ` 20.97.
16. Marginal Revenue (MR) =
dR
dx
=
d
dx
(13x 2 + 26 x + 15) = 26 x + 26
Now, when x = 7, MR = 26 x 7 + 26 = 208
Therefore, the required marginal revenue is ` 208.
dA
17. Area of circle (A) = π r 2 ⇒ = 2π r = 2π × 6 = 12π
dr
Therefore, option (B) is correct.
18. Total revenue R ( x ) = 3x 2 + 36 x + 5
d
∴ Marginal revenue = R ( x ) = 6 x + 36 = 6 x 15 + 36 = 126
dx
Therefore, option (D) is correct.

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