Genetics Exercises

Exercise 1
In tomatoes, the fruit color, red or yellow, is transmitted by a gene having 2 alleles: the
red allele dominated the yellow allele.
a. Designate by symbols the corresponding genes
Let “R” be for red fruit colour, and let “y” be for yellow fruit colour.
b. Indicate the possible genotypes of a red tomato and that of a yellow
tomato. Justify the answer for each genotype
Possible genotypes of a red tomato are homozygous “RR” and heterozygous “Ry”,
since the allele responsible for red fruit colour is dominant and is expressed both
ways. Furthermore, there is only one possible genotype of a yellow tomato, and it is
homozygous genotype “yy”, since the allele for yellow fruit colour is recessive and
can only be expressed in the homozygous state.
c. We cross a heterozygous red tomato with a yellow one, Make the
necessary factorial analysis to determine the theoretical phenotypic
proportions of the descendants
Punnet Square:
50% Red Fruit Colour [Ry]
50% Yellow Fruit Colour [yy]

Exercise 2
The character of “free ear lobe” is dominant over the character “attached ear lobe”.
Designate by symbols the corresponding genes.
- If the parents were heterozygous for this character, what is their
phenotype? Make the necessary chromosomic analysis to find the
theoretical phenotypic proportions of the descendants of these
parents.
- A descendent of this couple with “free ear lobe” marries a woman
of “attached ear lobe”. Make, in different cases, the necessary
factorial analysis that allows to specify the theoretical proportion of
the phenotypes and genotypes of the descendant of this couple.
Let “F” be for free ear lobe and “a” be for attached ear lobe.
If the parents were heterozygous for this character, then their genotype is “Fa” and
they both have free ear lobes since the allele “F” is dominant over allele “a”.

75% Free Ear Lobe [50%Fa ; 25%FF]

25% Attached Ear Lobe [aa]

If the descendent has genotype “FF” then: 100% Free Ear Lobe [Fa]

If the descendant has genotype “Fa” then:

50% Free Ear Lobe [Fa]
50% Attached Ear Lobe [aa]
Exercise 3
1. Two pure races of drosophilae are crossed with each other, one with
long wings and the other with vestigial wings. In F1 all the flies
have long wings.
a. Indicate the dominant character and the recessive character. Justify
your answer.
The character of “long wings” is dominant over the character of “vestigial
wings”, since the crossing of the two pure races yields heterozygous genotypes
for all expected offspring, and if in F1 all the flies have long wings, then the
character of “long wings” was expressed when that of “vestigial wings” wasn’t.
b. Designate by symbols the corresponding genes.
Let “L” be for long wings, and let “v” be for vestigial wings.
c. Determine the genotype of F1.
Since F1 was a result of the crossing of two pure races, then its genotype must be
heterozygous, so the F1 generation have genotype “Lv”
2. Two drosophilae of F1 having long wings are crossed between
themselves. We obtain in F2 the following descendants: 240
drosophilae with long wings and 80 drosophilae with vestigial
wings.
a. What do you call this kind of crossing?
Monohybrid Cross
b. Calculate the proportion of the drosophilae obtained in F2.
240+80= 320  320 drosophilae = 100%
240/320 x100 = 75% and 80/320 x100 = 25%
Therefore, 75% of the drosophilae had long wings, and 25% had vestigial wings.
c. Make the necessary factorial analysis that permits to verify the
phenotypic proportions of F2.

75% Long Wings [50% Lv; 25% LL]

25% Vestigial Wings [vv]