SYLLABUS IN LABOR RELATIONS LAW (LAW204M)

COURSE DESCRIPTION:

​This course is about the legal relations of employees and their employers as delineated by
the employees’ rights to self-organization, collective bargaining, and concerted activities,
including the right to strike, on one hand, and the employers’ management prerogatives and
right to lock-out and by the other modes of labor dispute resolution and the law on
termination of employment.

LEARNING OUTCOMES:
On completion of the course, the student is expected to restate and discuss:

1. the State policies on labor relations;

2. the meaning, scope, and legal bases of the rights to self-organization, collective
bargaining, and concerted activities, including the right to strike, and the meaning,
scope, and legal bases of management prerogatives;

3. the rules regulating organization, management, and activities of labor organizations;

4. what an appropriate bargaining unit is, how it is determined, and how its bargaining
representative is selected;

5. the process of collective bargaining and negotiation and how a collective bargaining
agreement is administered;

6. what unfair labor practices are;

7. the meaning, legal basis and limitations of strikes and other union concerted activities
and employer lock-out;

8. the rudimentary rules of labor relations in the public sector;

9. the right to security of tenure; when an employee may quit his/her employment; the just
and business-related causes for termination of employment; the procedural
requirements of termination of employment; and the relief’s and remedies in cases of
illegal dismissals; and

10. jurisdiction and procedures in settling labor disputes

ASSESSMENTS, REQUIREMENTS, AND CONSULTATION:

Students will be assessed during the term based on:
Class recitation
15.00%
15.00%
Handwritten case digests of the cases listed in the syllabus below.
Digests should highlight the labor law ratio decidendi. The notebooks
on which the digests are written should be submitted on the final
examination day.

Quizzes 30.00%
 Final examination 40.00%

100.00%

Every student should submit a class card with a photo (preferably 2x2) and an email
nd
address by the 2 class day.

Consultation is by appointment or through email.

REFERENCES
1. 1987 Constitution of the Philippines;
2. P.D. No. 442 (the Labor Code of the Philippines), as amended;
3. D.O. No. 40-03, as amended;
4. Executive Order No. 180 (1987);
5. Amended Rules Governing the Exercise of the Right of Government Employees to Self-
Organization the Implementing Rules;
6. any labor relations law textbook

COURSE OUTLINE

PART I - STATE POLICIES ON LABOR RELATIONS

A. Voluntary/democratic modes of
dispute settlement

1. Labor dispute Labor Code (LC), Art. 219(l); San Miguel Corp.
Employees Union v. Bersamira, G.R. No. 87700,
June 13, 1990; Halagueña v. PAL, G.R. No. 172013,
October 2, 2009; Portillo v. Rudolf Lietz, Inc., G.R.
196539, October 10, 2012); Philippine Commercial
International Bank v. Gomez, G.R. No. 199601,
November 23, 2015

2. Preferred modes of dispute settlement CONST., Art. XIII, Sec. 3., par. 3; LC, Art. 218 A &
B; Kiok Loy v. NLRC, G.R. No. L-54334, January
22, 1986; Scout Ramon V. Albano Memorial College
v. Noriel, 85 SCRA 494 (1978)

Voluntary vs. compulsory modes LC, Art. 278(g); Art. 224

Collective bargaining LC, Art. 218 B; Arts. 262 – 264; Arts. 99, 122(b),
123 (par. 3), & 124 (pars. 4 & 5)

Resort to grievance machinery LC, Art 224(c) & 274

Conciliation and mediation LC, Art. 234(a)

LC, Arts. 224(c), 274; & 278(h)

Voluntary arbitration
3. Non-interference by government
B. Trade unionism
C. Worker enlightenment
D. Adequate machinery for expeditious
dispute settlement & ways by which the
LC, Art. 218 B
LC, Art. 218 A(b) & (c)
LC, Arts. 218 A(d), 250 (p) & 292 (a)
CONST., Art. III, Sec. 16; LC, Arts. 218 A(e) &
219(i); Art. 234 (and its Impl. Rules, DO 151-16);
machinery ensures speedy resolution of
disputes
E. Industrial Peace & Tripartism
F. Worker participation in decision and
policy making processes affecting rights,
duties and welfare
Contra: Management Prerogatives (MP)
1. MP: basis;
2. MP: definition and scope;
3. MP: limits
PART II - THE RIGHT TO SELF-ORGANIZATION
A. Bases of right
1. Constitution
2. Labor Code
3. International conventions
B. Extent and scope of right
C. Workers with right of self-organization
1. All employees
2. Government employees
3. Supervisors
Arts. 227 & Art. 292(i) & E.O. 26 (1992)
Andaya v. National Labor Relations Commission,
G.R. No. 157371, [July 15, 2005], 502 PHIL 151-
159)
Madrio v. Atlas Fertilizer Corp., G.R. No. 241445,
[August 14, 2019]
LC, Arts. 218 A(f), 290, & 292 (g); Art. 220 (2nd
par.); Arts. 121 (2nd par.), 122 (4th par.), & 182(a)
LC, Arts. 218 A(g), & 267, par. 2; R.A. No. 6971,
Sec. 5; Philippine Airlines, Inc. v. NLRC, 225 SCRA
301 (1993)
CONST., Art. II, Sec. 20 and Art. XIII, Sec. 3, par.
4;
Chu v. NLRC, 232 SCRA 764 (1994); San Miguel
Brewery Sales Force Union (PTGWO) v. Ople, 170
SCRA 25 (1989); Philippine Airlines, Inc. v. NLRC,
225 SCRA 301 (1993);
SHS Perforated Materials, Inc. v. Diaz, 633 SCRA
258 (2010); Capin-Cadiz v. Brent Hospital and
Colleges, Inc., G.R. No. 187417, February 24, 2016;
Supreme Steel Corp. v. Nagkakaisang Manggagawa
Ng Supreme Independent Union (Nms-Ind-Apl), G.R.
No. 185556, March 28, 2011; PLDT v. Paguio, G.R.
No. 152689, October 12, 2005; Businessday
Information Systems and Services, Inc. v. NLRC, 221
SCRA 9 (1993)
CONST., Art. III, Sec. 8; Art. XIII, Sec. 3; & Art.
IX(B), Sec. 2(5)
LC, Arts. 257, 258, and 260, 284 & 285
ILO Convention No. 87 (Freedom of Association &
Protection of Right to Organize, 1948); ILO
Convention No. 98 (Application of the Principles of
the Right to Organize and Bargain Collectively, 1949);
International Covenant on Economic, Social and
Cultural Rights, Arts. 2 and 8 (a); International
Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, Art. 22
Republic Savings Bank v. CIR, 21 SCRA 226 (1967);
LC, Art. 257; Victoriano v. Elizalde Rope Workers’
Union, G.R. No. L-25246, September 12, 1974; Reyes
v. Trajano, 209 SCRA 484 (1992); Kapatiran v.
Calleja, 162 SCRA 367 (1988); Pan-Am World
Airways, Inc. v. Pan-Am Employees Assn., 27 SCRA
1202 (1969)
CONST., Art. III, Sec. 8, & Art. XIII, Sec. 3
LC, Art. 253, 219(f), & 292(c);
CONST., Art. IX-B, Sec. 2(1) & (5); LC, Art. 254;
E.O. No. 180 (June 1, 1987)
LC, Art. 255 & Art. 219 (m); Cathay Pacific Steel
Corporation v. CA, G.R. No. 164561, August 30,
 2006; Filoil Refinery Corporation v. Filoil Supervisory
and Confidential Employees Association, 46 SCRA
512 (1972);
4. Aliens LC, Arts. 284 & 285; Book V, Rule 2, Sec. 2, par. 1, 3rd
sentence, as amended by D.O. No. 40-C-05.

D. Excluded Employees/ Workers

1. Managerial Employees LC, Arts. 255 & 219(m); Paper Industries Corp. v.
Laguesma, G.R. No. 101738, April 12, 2000.

2. Confidential Employees Metrolab Industries, Inc. v. Roldan-Confesor, 254

SCRA 182 (1996); Tunay na Pagkakaisa ng
Manggagawa sa Asia Brewery vs. Asia Brewery, Inc.,
G.R. No. 162025, August 3, 2010; San Miguel Foods,
Inc. vs. San Miguel Corp. Supervisors and Exempt
Union, G.R. No. 146206, August 1, 2011.

3. Workers-Members of a Cooperative Batangas I Electric Cooperative v. Young, G.R. No.

62386, November 9, 1988.
4. Employees of international International Catholic Migration Commission v.
organizations Calleja, 190 SCRA 130 (1990).
5. Effect of Including Employees Outside LC, Art. 256; Samahang Manggagawa sa Charter
the Bargaining Unit Chemical v. Charter Chemical and Coating
Corporation, G.R. No. 169717, March 16, 2011.
6. Non-Employees LC, Art. 253; Implementing Rules (IR), Book V, Rule
II, Sec. 2, par. 3
7. Sanctions for Violation of Right LC, Arts. 259, 260, 261, 303-304); IR, Book V, Rule
XXII, Sec. 15
 PART III - LABOR ORGANIZATION
A. Policy LC, Art. 218A(b), (c), & (g)
B. Definitions:
1. Labor organization LC, Art. 219 (g); IR, Book V, Rule I, Sec. 1 (cc)
2. Union IR, Book V, Rule I, Sec. 1 (zz)
3. Workers Association IR, Book V, Rule I, Sec. 1 (ccc) ​
4. Legitimate labor organization LC, Art. 219 (h); IR, Book V, Rule I, Sec. 1 (ee)
5. Legitimate workers’ association IR, Book V, Rule I, Sec. 1 (ff); Cebu Seamen's
Association, Inc. vs. Ferrer-Calleja, 212 SCRA
50(1992)
6. Company Union LC, Arts. 219 (i) & 259 (d)
C. Union Rationale Guijarno v. CIR, 52 SCRA 307 (1973)
D. Government Regulation
1. Union Registration:
a. Definition IR, Book V, Rule I, Sec. 1(qq); PAFLU v. Secretary,
G.R. No. L-22228, February 27, 1969.
b. Requirements Arts. 240, 241, 244 & 249; IR, Book V, Rule III, Sec.
2; San Miguel Corp. Employees Union v. SM Packing,
533 SCRA 125 (2007); Progressive Development
Corp. v. Secretary of Labor, 205 SCRA 802 (1992);
Takata (Philippines) Corporation v. BLR, G.R. No.
196276, June 4, 2014
c. Action on Application LC, Arts. 242 & 243; IR, Book V, Rule IV, Secs. 4-7
d. Effect of Registration IR, Book V, Rule IV, Sec. 8 & Rule III, Sec. 2, par. E;
Legend International Resorts Limited v. Kilusang
Manggagawa ng Legenda, G.R. No.169754, February
23, 2011
e. Acquisition of Legal Personality LC, Arts. 240 & 241; IR, Book V, Rule III, Sec. 2 E.
f. Rights of Legitimate Labor LC, Art. 251; Acedera v. International Container
Organization Terminal Services, Inc., G.R. No. 146073, January 13,
2003
g. Effects on Non-Registration IR, Book V, Rule IV, Sec. 8; Tropical Hut Employees
Union v. Tropical Hut Food Market, Inc., 181 SCRA
173 (1990)
2. Cancellation of Union Certificate of LC, Arts. 245, 246, 247; 250(j), Last 2 par., & 248;
Registration IR, Book V, Rule I, Sec. 1(g) & Rule XIV; Air Phil.
Corp. v. BLR, 492 SCRA 243 (2006); S.S. Ventures
International, Inc. v. S.S. Ventures Labor Union, G.R.
No. 161690, July 23, 2008; Mariwasa Siam
Ceramics, Inc. v. The Secretary of the Department of
Labor and Employment, et al., G.R. No. 183317,
December 21, 2009; The Heritage Hotel Manila v.
National Union of Workers in the Hotel, Restaurant
and Allied Industries-Heritage Hotel Manila
Supervisors Chapter (NUWHRAIN-HHMSC), G.R.
No. 178296, January 12, 2011; Takata (Philippines)
Corporation v. BLR, G.R. No. 196276, June 4, 2014
E. International Activities of Union LC, Arts. 284-286
F. Union – Member Relations LC, Arts. 250 & 260(a); UST Faculty Union v.
Bitonio, G.R. No. 131235, November 16, 1999
1. Admission and Discipline of Members LC, Arts. 260(a), 250(a), (e) & 292(c); Salunga v.
CIR, 21 SCRA 216 (1967); Villar v. Inciong, 121
SCRA 444 (1983)
Due Process Bugay v. Kapisanan ng mga Manggagawa sa MRR, 4
SCRA 487 (1962)
2. Election of Officers LC, Art. 250 (c), (f) & (k); Book V, Rule XII
a. Qualifications LC, Art. 250 (c) & (f)
b. Manner of Election LC, Art. 250 (c)
c. Tenure LC, Art. 250 (c)
d. Compensation LC, Art. 250(k)
e. Who may vote LC, Art. 250 (c); Tancinco v. Calleja, 157 SCRA 203

F. Effect of election
3. Major policy matter
4. Union funds
Payment of attorney’s fees and
special assessments
5. Mandatory Activity
6. Union Information /Obligation
7. Enforcement of union members’ rights LC, Art. 250 penultimate and last par., and Art. 245;
and remedies – Intra-union
disputes; jurisdiction; procedure v. Cacdac, 526 SCRA 440 (2007); Employees Union
and sanctions:
G. Union Chartering and Affiliation:***
Local and Parent Union Relations
1. Affiliates and chartered locals,
national unions and federations;
2. Registration
2. Purpose; nature of relations
3. Affiliation of both supervisory and
rank-and-file unions with one mother
union
4. Local union disaffiliation: nature of National Union of Bank Employees v. Philnabank
right and legality
When a local union should disaffiliate
(1988)
Kapisanan v. Trajano, 134 SCRA 236 (1985)
LC, Art. 250 (d)
LC, Arts. 250(a) (b) (c) (g) (h) (i) (j) (k) (l) (m) (n)
(o); IR, Book V, Rule XIII
LC, Arts. 250 (o) (n) & 228 (b); Peninsula Employees
Union v. Esquivel, G.R. No. 218454, December 1,
2016; Gabriel v. Secretary of Labor, G.R. No.
115949, March 16, 2000
LC, Art. 250 (o); Galvadores v. Trajano, 144 SCRA
138 (1986)
LC, Art. 250 (p)
IR, Book V, Rules XI, XII, XIII, XIV & XV; Diokno
of Bayer Phils. v. Bayer Philippines Inc., G.R. No.
162943, December 6, 2010; Rodriguez v. Director,
G.R. Nos. 76579-82, August 31, 1988; Duyag v.
Inciong, 98 SCRA 522 (1980); Mendoza v. Officers of
Manila Water Employees Union, G.R. No. 201595,
January 25, 2016
IR, Book V, Rule I, Sec. 1(a) (i) (w) (kk);
IR, Book V, Rule III; Progressive Development Corp.
v. Secretary of Labor, 205 SCRA 802 (1992)
Progressive Development Corp. v. Secretary of Labor,
205 SCRA 802 (1992); Filipino Pipe & Foundry
Corp. v. NLRC, G.R. No. 115180, November 16, 1999
LC, Arts. 255 & 256
Employees Association, G.R. No. 174287, August 12,
2013;
Alliance of Nationalist and Genuine Labor
Organization v. Samana, 258 SCRA 371 (1996)

Part IV - APPROPRIATE BARGAINING UNIT

A. Law and Definition*
B. Determination of Appropriate
Bargaining Unit
1. Factors – Unit Determination
2. Unit Severance and Globe Doctrine Mechanical Depart Labor Union v. CIR, 24 SCRA 925
3. Size of Unit and Effect on Self-
Organization
4. Effect of Prior Agreement
IR, Book V, Rule 1, Sec. 1(d); LC, Arts. 267& 268;
Belyca Corporation v. Calleja, 168 SCRA 184 (1988)
U.P. v. Ferrer-Calleja, 211 SCRA 451 (1992); San
Miguel Corp. v. Laguesma, 236 SCRA 595 (1994);
San Miguel Foods, Inc. v. San Miguel Corp.
Supervisors and Exempt Union, G.R. No. 146206;
August 1, 2011; Ang Lee v. Samahang Manggagawa
ng Super Lamination, G.R. No. 193816, November 21,
2016
(1968)
Filoil Refinery Corporation v. Filoil Supervisory and
Confidential Employees Association, 46 SCRA 512
(1972)
General Rubber and Footwear Corp. v. BLR, 155

C. Determining Agency
Part V - UNION REPRESENTATION:
ESTABLISHING UNION MAJORITY STATUS
A. Pre-Condition: Employer-Employee
Relationship
B. Methods of Establishing Majority Status
1. Policy/Rationale
2. SEBA certification*
Effects
3. Elections
a. Certification election
b. Consent election –
Effects
c. Run-off election
4. Venue of Petition
C. Certification Election — Process:
1. The Union as Initiating Party
a. Organized Establishment
i) Petition Before Freedom
Period
ii) Petition Beyond Freedom
Period
iii) Filing Party –
Misrepresentation by Union
Officers
iv) Form of Petition
v) Substantial Support
vi) Forced Intervention/ Motion IR, Book V, Rule VIII, Secs. 7 & 8; Phil. Assn. of Free
for Intervention
b. Unorganized Establishment
2. The Employer as Initiating Party/
Bystander Rule
3. Responsible Agency
4. Requisite for Validity of Election/
Failure of Election
SCRA 283 (1997)
Filoil Refinery Corporation v. Filoil Supervisory and
Confidential Employees Association, 46 SCRA 512
(1972); LC, Art. 232; IR, Book V, Rule I, Sec. 1(ii);
Rule VIII, Sec. 2
Allied Free Workers Union v. Cia Maritima, 19 SCRA
258 (1967)
IR, Book V, Rule VI, Sec. 1; LC, Art. 218 (b);
CONST., Art. XIII, Sec. 3; Reyes v. Trajano, 209
SCRA 484 (1992); National Mines and Allied Workers
Union v. Secretary of Labor, 277 SCRA 821 (1993);
Samahang Manggagawa sa PERMEX v. Secretary of
Labor, G.R. No. 10772, March 2, 1998
LC, Art. 251(c); IR, Book V, Rule I, Sec. 1 (bbb), Rule
VI, Sec. 2, & Rule VII
IR, Book V, Rule VII, Sec. 4
LC, Art. 268; IR, Book V, Rule I, Sec. 1 (h) (ll); VIII,
IX & X
IR, Book V, Rules I, Sec. 1 (h) & VIII, Secs. 10, 11, 23
IR, Book V, Rule VIII, Sec. 23
LC, Art. 268, par. 1, penultimate sentence; IR, Book V,
Rule I, Sec. 1 (ss) & Rule X
IR, Book V, Rule VIII, Sec. 2; Cruzvale Inc. v.
Laguesma, 238 SCRA 389 (1994)
IR, Book V, Rules VIII, IX & X
LC, Art. 251 (b); IR, Book V, Rule VIII, Sec. 1
LC, Arts. 268 & 264; IR, Book V, Rule I, Sec. 1 (ll)
LC, Arts. 264 & 268; Book V, Rule VIII, Sec. 3 (d);
Sec. 13, par. 1; Atlantic Gulf and Pacific Co. Manila
Inc. v. Laguesma, 212 SCRA 281 (1992)
National Congress of Union in Sugar Industry v.
Ferrer-Calleja, 205 SCRA 478 (1992)
IR, Book V, Rule VIII, Sec. 1
DHL Phil. Corp. United RAF Association – FFW v.
Buklod ng Manggagawa, G.R. No. 152094, July 22,
2004
IR, Book V, Rule VIII, Sec. 4; National Mines and
Allied Workers Union v. Secretary of Labor, 227
SCRA 821
LC, Art. 268; IR, Book V, Rule VIII, Sec. 4(g); Sec.
14(f); 1997 IR, Rule XI, Sec. 11, ll(e); Port Workers
Union etc. v. DOLE, 207 SCRA 329 (1992); Oriental
Tin Can Labor Union v. Secretary of Labor, 294
SCRA 640 (1998)
Labor Union v. Calleja, 169 SCRA 491 (1989)
LC, Arts. 251 & 269; Sugbuanon Rural Bank v.
Laguesma, G.R. No. 116194, Feb. 2, 2000;
LC, Arts. 270 & 271; IR, Book V, Rule VIII, Sec. 1,
par. 2; Hercules Industries, Inc. v. Secretary of Labor,
214 SCRA 129 (1992)
IR, Book V, Rule VIII, Sec. 2
LC, Art. 268; IR, Book V, Rule I, Sec. 1 (q) & Rule
IX, Secs. 17, 18, 19; Benguet Electric Coop. Inc. v.
Calleja, 180 SCRA 740 (1989)
 5. Nature of Proceeding
6. Certification Election – Process and
Procedure
a. Effect of Private Agreement
b. Posting Notice
c. Voters’ List
d. Dismissed employees
e. Voting Day/Venue
f. Conduct of Election
g. Protest’ Period
h. Appeal; Period
i. Nullification of Election results United Employees Union of Gelmart Industries v.
D. Certification of Designated Majority LC, Art. 267 & 268; IR, Book V, Rule I, Sec. 1(t) &
Union
E. Bars to Certification Election
1. One Year Bar/Certification year Rule IR, Book V, Rule VIII, Sec. 3(a) & 14(c); R. Transport
2. Negotiation Bar Rule
3. Deadlock Bar Rule
4. Contract Bar Rule
F. Effect of Petition for Cancellation of IR, Book V, Rule XI, Sec. 3, 2nd par., Samahan ng
Trade Union Registration
Port Workers Union etc. v. DOLE, 207 SCRA 329
(1992)
IR, Book V, Rules VIII & IX
PLUM Federation of Industrial and Agrarian Workers
v. Noriel, 119 SCRA 299 (1982)
IR, Book V, Rule I, Sec. 1 (o); Rule IX, Sec. 6; Jisscor
Independent Union v. Torres, 221 SCRA 699 (1993)
IR, Book V, Rule IX, Sec. 5; Rule I, Sec. 1 (q)
Yokohama Tire Phil., Inc. v. Yokohama Employees
Union, 539 SCRA 556 (2007)
IR, Book V, Rule IX, Sec. 2; Asian Design and
Manufacturing Corp. v. Calleja, 174 SCRA 477
(1989)
IR, Book V, Rule IX, Secs. 1 & 15; Hercules
Industries, Inc. v. Sec. DOLE, 214 SCRA 129 (1992)
IR, Book V, Rule IX, Secs. 12 and 13; Rule I, Sec. 1
(p); Samahan ng Manggagawa v. Laguesma, 267
SCRA 303 (1997)
LC, Art. 272; IR, Book V, Rule VIII, Secs. 17-21
Noriel, 67 SCRA 267 (1975)
Rule IX, Secs. 16 & 20; Militante v. NLRC, 246
SCRA 365 (1995); Phil. Diamond Hotel and Resort,
Inc. (Manila Diamond Hotel) v. Manila Diamond
Hotel Employees Union, G.R. No. 158075, June 30,
2006
Corp. v. Laguesma, 227 SCRA 827 (1993); Kaisahan
ng Manggagawang Pilipino v. Trajano, 201 SCRA 453
(1991)
IR, Book V, Rule VIII, Secs. 3(b) & 14(d)
IR, Book V, Rule VIII, Sec. 3(c) &14(d); Divine Word
University of Tacloban v. Sec. Of Labor and
Employment, 213 SCRA 759 (1992)
LC, Arts. 238; 268; 265, 2nd sentence & 261; IR, Book
V, Rule VIII, Sec. 3(d), 14(b) & Sec. 24; Colegio de
San Juan de Letran v. Assoc. G.R. No. 141471,
September 18, 2000; Samahan ng Manggagawa sa
Permex v. Sec. of Labor, 286 SCRA 692 (1998);
Samahan ng Manggagawa sa Pacific Plastic v.
Laguesma, 267 SCRA 303 (1997)
Manggagawa sa Pacific Plastic v. Laguesma, 267
SCRA 303 (1997)

PART VI - COLLECTIVE BARGAINING:

GENERAL CONCEPT, PROCEDURE AND ISSUES
A. General Concept
1. Policy Declaration LC, Arts. 218(A) (a) & 218(B); CONST. Art. XIII,
Sec. 3
2. Nature and Purpose Kiok Loy v. NLRC, 141 SCRA 179, 185 (1986)
3. Duty to Bargain LC, Arts. 262-264; 251(c); 259(g); 254(c); P.I. Mfg.
Inc. v. P.I. Mfg. Supervisors’ and Foremen Association,
543 SCRA 613 (2008); Colegio de San Juan de Letran
v. Assoc., G.R. No. 141471, September 18, 2000;
Faculty Association of MAPUA v CA, 254 SCRA 709
(2007);
B. Bargainable Issues
C. Bargaining Procedure
1. Private Procedure
2. Labor Code Procedure
3.Conciliation/preventive mediation
D. The Collective Bargaining Agreement
1. Definition/Contents
2. Registration
3. Beneficiaries
4. Minutes of Negotiation
5. Interpretation, Administration and
Enforcement
a. Nature
b. Grievance Procedure
c. Contract Ambiguity
d. Contract Duration and Renewal
e. CBA and 3rd Party Liability
f. CBA and Disaffiliation
g. Jurisdiction of Voluntary
Arbitrators
PART VII - UNFAIR LABOR PRACTICE
A. In General
1. Definition and General Concept
2. Requisites
LC, Art. 263; Manila Fashions v. NLRC, 264 SCRA
104 (1996); Union of Filipro Employees-Drug v.
Nestle, G.R. No. 158930-31, August 22, 2006;
Samahan ng Manggagawa sa Top Form
Manufacturing v. NLRC, 295 SCRA 171 (1998)
IR, Book V, Rule XVI
LC, Art. 262
LC, Arts. 261, 268, 238 & 265; Caltex Refinery
Employees Association v. Brillantes, 279 SCRA 218
(1997)
LC, Arts. 255 (c), (d), (e) & 239; E.O. 251, Sec. 4;
Tabigue v. International Copra Export Corp., G.R. No.
183335, December 23, 2009; IR, Book V, Rule XXII,
Secs. 1 & 9; NUWHRAIN-APL-IUF Dusit Hotel
Nikko Chapter v. CA, G.R. No. 163942, November
11, 2008
IR, Book V, Rule I, Sec. 1(j); LC, Art. 273
LC, Art. 237; IR, Book V, Rule XVII, Secs. 1-3
LC, Art. 267; Mactan Workers Union v. Aboitiz, 45
SCRA 577 (72)
Samahan ng Manggagawa sa Top Form
Manufacturing v. NLRC, 295 SCRA 171 (1998)
Norkis Free and Independent Workers Union v. Norkis
Trading Co., G.R. No. 157098; June 30, 2005;
University of San Agustin, Inc. v. USAEU- FFW, G.R.
No. 177594, July 23, 2009; Bank of the Philippine
Islands v. Bank of the Philippine Islands Employees
Union-Metro Manila, G.R. No. 175678, August 22,
2012
Pantranco North Express, Inc. v. NLRC, 259 SCRA
161 (1996); Dole Phils. Inc. v. Pawis ng Makabayang
Obrero, G.R. No. 146650, January 13, 2003
LC, Arts. 267, 273 & 274; USAEU-FFW v. CA, G.R.
No. 169632, March 28, 2006; Atlas Farm, Inc. v.
NLRC, G.R. No. 142244, November 18, 2002
Holy Cross of Davao College, Inc. v. Holy Cross
Faculty Union- KAMAPI, G.R. No. 156098; June 27,
2005
LC, Arts. 265 & 264; IR, Book V, Rule XVII, Sec. 7 &
8; New Pacific Timber v. NLRC, G.R. No. 124224,
March 17, 2000; Rivera v. Espiritu, G.R. No. 135547,
January 23, 2002; Meralco v. Sec. Quisimbing G.R.
No. 127598, August 1, 2000
Associated Labor Unions v. NLRC, 204 SCRA 913
(1991)
Elisco-Elirol Labor Union v. Noriel, 80 SCRA 682
(1977)
LC, Arts. 274, 275 & 224(c)
LC, Arts. 219(k) & 258
Culili v. Eastern Telecommunications Philippines,
Inc., G.R. No. 165381, February 9, 2011; Galaxie
Steel Workers Union v. NLRC, G.R. No. 165757,
October 2006; Sterling Products International, Inc. v.
Secretary of Labor, 7 SCRA 446 (1963);
 a. Employer-Employee
Relationship
b. Act must be specifically
defined in the law
3. Burden of proof.
4. Interpretation
5. Inter-relations of UPL Acts
B. Acts Violative of Right to Self-
Organization
1. Interference, Restraint and Coercion LC, Arts. 259(a) & 292(g) & (h), & 254 (a); Hacienda
a. Interrogation
b. Speech, Espionage, Economic
Coercion
c. Concerted Activities
2. Non-Union Membership or
Withdrawal from Membership as CIR,19 SCRA 426 (1967)
a condition of Employment
(yellow-dog contract)
3. Contracting out to Discourage
Unionism
4. Company Domination of Union
5. Discrimination to Encourage/
Discourage Unionism
a. Valid discrimination: union
security clause – requisites
b. Collection of agency fees
6. Retaliation: Testimony Against
Employer/Indirect discrimination Labor Union, G.R. No. 17535, December 28, 1961;
7. Illegal Exaction
Featherbedding
8. Management Prerogative and Unfair Shell Oil Workers Union v. Shell Co. of the Phils. Ltd.,
Labor Practices
C. Acts Violative of Right to Collective
Bargaining
1. Violation of Duty to Bargain
American President Lines Inc. v. Clave,114 SCRA 826
(82)
LC, Arts. 259 & 260
Tiu v. NLRC, 227 SCRA 680 (1997); Central
Azucarera De Bais Employees Union-NFL v. Central
Azucarera De Bais, Inc., G.R. No. 186605, November
17, 2010; Union of Filipro Employees-DFA-KMU v.
Nestle Philippines, Inc., G.R. Nos. 158930-31
Caltex Filipino Managers and Supervisors Assn. v.
CIR, 44 SCRA 350 (1972)
LC, Arts. 259 & 260; Republic Savings Bank v. CIR,
21 SCRA 226 (1967)
Fatima v. National Federation of Sugarcane Workers-
Food, G.R. No. 149440, January 28, 2003;
Scoty’s Department Store v. Micaller, G.R. No. L-
8116, August 25, 1956; Philippine Steam Navigation
Co. v. Phil. Marine Officers Guild, 15 SCRA 174
(1965)
The Insular Life Assurance Co. Ltd., Employees Assn.
v. Insular Life Assurance Co. Ltd., 37 SCRA 243
(1971)
Philippine Blooming Mills Employees Organization v.
Philippines Blooming Mills, Co., 51 SCRA 189
(1973); Republic Savings Bank v. CIR, G.R. No. L-
20303, September 27, 1967
LC, Art. 259(b); Visayan Stevedore Trans. Co. v.
LC, Art. 259(c); Bankard, Inc. v. NLRC, G.R. No.
171664, March 6, 2013
LC, Art. 259(d); Progressive Development Corp. v.
CIR, 80 SCRA 434 (1977)
LC, Art. 259(e)
Alabang Country Club, Inc. v. NLRC, 545 SCRA 351
(2008); Del Monte v. Zaldivar, G.R. No. 158620, 11
October 2006; BPI v. BPI Employees Union –Davao
Chapter, Federation of Unions in BPI Unibank, G.R.
No. 164301, August 10, 2010 & October 19, 2011
LC, Art. 259(e); Del Pilar Academy et al., v. Del
Pilar Academy Employees Union, G.R. No. 170112,
April 30, 2008
LC, Art. 259(f); H.G. Henares & Sons v. National
Mabeza v. NLRC, G.R. No. 118506, April 18, 1997;
Itogon-Suyoc Mines, Inc. v. Baldo, G.R. No. 17739,
December 24, 1964.
LC, Art. 260(d)
39 SCRA 276 (1971); San Miguel Corp. Employees
Union v. Bersamira, 186 SCRA 496 (1990)
LC, Arts. 259(g), 260(c), & 262-264; Shell Oil
Workers Union v. Shell Co. of the Phils. Ltd., 39
SCRA 276 (1971); General Milling Corp. v. CA, G.R.

2. Negotiation or Attorney’s Fees
3. Gross Violation of Collective
Bargaining Agreement
D. Motive, Conduct and Proof
1. Employer Motive and Proof
2. Totality of Evidence
E. Enforcement, Remedies and Sanctions
1. Parties Against Whom ULP
Committed
2. Parties Liable for Acts
a) Employer
b) Labor Organization
3. Prosecution and Prescriptive Period
a) Civil Aspect
b) Criminal Aspect
4. Compromise
5. Remedies and Sanctions
a) Civil Remedies
b) Penal Remedies
146728, February 11, 2004; Central Azucarera De
Bais Employees Union-NFL v. Central Azucarera De
Bais, Inc., G.R. No. 186605, November 17, 2010; St.
John Colleges, Inc. v. St. John Academy Faculty and
Employees Union, G.R. No. 167892, October 27,
2006; Union of Fillipro Employees – DFA v. Nestle
Phil. Inc., G.R. No. 158930, March 3, 2008
LC, Arts. 259(h) & 260(e)
LC, Art. 259(i), 260(f), & 274; Arellano University
Employees and Workers Union v. CA, G.R. No.
139940, September 19, 2006; San Miguel Foods, Inc.
v. SMC Employees Union-PTGWO, 535 SCRA 133
(2007); Employees Union of Bayer Phils. v. Bayer
Philippines Inc., G.R. No. 162943, December 6, 2010
Phil. Metal Foundries, Inc. v. CIR, 90 SCRA 135
(1979)
Royal Undergarment Corporation of the Phil. v. CIR,
186 SCRA 278 (1990)
LC, Arts. 258 -260, & 219(e), (f), & (g)
LC, Arts. 259 & 303-304
LC, Arts. 260 & 303-304; National Labor Union v.
CIR, 116 SCRA 417 (1982)
LC, Art. 260, pars. 2-4 & 306
LC, Arts. 259 & 305
CCLC E.G. Gochangco Workers Union v. NLRC; 161
SCRA 656 (1988)
LC, Arts. 259, 2nd & 3rd par.; Quadra v. CA, G.R. No.
147593, July 31, 2006
LC, Arts. 259, 303-305

PART VIII - UNION CONCERTED ACTIVITIES

A. Basis of Right to Engage in Concerted
Activities

1. Constitution CONST., Art. XIII, Sec. 3; Bisig ng Manggagawa sa

Concrete Aggregates, Inc. v. NLRC, 226 SCRA 499
(1993)
2. Statutory LC, Arts. 218-A(a), (b), & (c), & 268(a) & (b); IR,
Book V, Rule XXII; Ilaw at Buklod ng Manggagawa
(IBM) v. NLRC,198 SCRA 586 (1991)
3. Limitations Batangas Laguna Tayabas Bus Co. v. NLRC, 212
SCRA 792 (1992)
B. Strike
1. Definition LC, Art. 219(o); IR, Book V, Rule I, Sec. 1(uu); G&S
Transport Corp. v. Tito S. Infante, 533 SCRA 288
(2007); Bukluran ng Manggagawa sa Clothmen
Knitting Corp. – Solidarity of Unions v. CA, G.R.
158158; January 17, 2005; Diwa ng Pagkakaisa-
PAFLU v. Filtex International Corp., 43 SCRA 217
(1972)
2. Nature and Purpose Batangas Laguna Tayabas Bus Co. v. NLRC, 212
SCRA 792 (1992)
3. Rationale for Regulation by Law
4. Effect on Work Relationship
5. Types and Conversion
a. Unfair Labor Practice
b. Bargaining Deadlock –
Economic/ULP
6. Grounds
a. Allowable Strikes
b. Prohibited Strikes
c. No Strike Clause
7. Striking Party
8. Procedural Requirements
a. Effort to Bargain
b. Filing of Notice of Intention
c. Observance of Cooling-Off
Period
d. Strike Vote
9. Test of Legality
a. Legal Strikes
i) Purpose and Means Test
ii) Defenses — Good Faith
b. Illegal Strikes
i) Basis of Illegality
ii) Effect of Illegality
iii) Effect of
Assumption/Certification order v. Nestle, G.R. No. 158930-31, August 22, 2006;
Lapanday Workers Union v. NLRC, 248 SCRA 95
(1995); Sta. Rosa Coca-Cola Plant Employees Union
v. CCBP, G.R. No. 164302-03, 24 January 2007;
LC, Art. 219(o); Escario v. NLRC, G.R. No. 160302,
September 27, 2010
LC, Art. 278(c); Master Iron Labor v. NLRC, 219
SCRA 47 (1993)Shell Oil Workers Union v. Shell Co.
of the Phil., 39 SCRA 276 (1971)
LC, Art. 278(c); Consolidated Labor Association of
the Phils. v. Marsman and Co., 11 SCRA 589 (1964)
IR, Book V, Rule XXII, Sec. 5
LC, Art. 278(c)
LC, Arts. 278(b), 278(g), 279(a), & 280; Ilaw at
Buklod ng Manggagawa(IBM) v. NLRC,198 SCRA
586 (1991); Philcom Employees Union v. Philippine
Global, G.R. No. 144315, July 17, 2006; Biflex Phils.,
Inc. Labor Union (NAFLU) v. Filflex Industrial and
Manufacturing Corporation and Biflex (Phils.), Inc.,
G.R. No. 155679, 19 December 2006
Malayang Samahan ng Manggagawa s M. Greenfield
v. Ramos, G.R. No. 113907, February 28, 2000
IR, Book V, Rule XXII, Sec. 6
IR, Book V, Rule XXII, Secs. 5-11
LC, Art. 279(a), 261-264
LC, Art. 278(c) & (d); IR, Book V, Rule XXII, Sec. 7
LC, Art. 278(c) & (e)
LC, Art. 278(f) & (a); Pilipino Telephone Corp. v.
PILTEA, 525 SCRA 361 (2007); Sukhothai Cuisine
and Restaurant v. CA, G.R. No. 150437, July 17, 2006
Reliance Surety and Insurance Co., Inc. v. NLRC, 193
SCRA 365 (1991)
Master Iron Labor Union v. NLRC, 219 SCRA 47
(1993); National Union of Workers Hotels, Restaurant
and Allied Industries v. NLRC, 287 SCRA 192 (1998)
Philippine Diamond Hotel and Resort, Inc. (Manila
Diamond Hotel) v. Manila Diamond Hotel Employees
Union, G.R. No. 158075, June 30, 2006
Sukhothai Cuisine and Restaurant v. CA, G.R. No.
150437, July 17, 2006; Arellano University Employees
and Workers Union v. CA, G.R. No. 139940,
September 19, 2006; Nissan Motors Philippines, Inc.
v. Secretary of Labor and Employment and Bagong
Nagkakaisang Lakas sa Nissan Motor Philippines, Inc.
(BANAL-NMPI-OLALIA-KMU), G.R. Nos. 158190-
91, June 21, 2006; Yolito Fadriquelan, et al. vs.
Monterey Foods Corporation/Monterey Foods
Corporation v. Bukluran ng mga Manggagawa sa
Monterey-ILAW, et al., G.R. No. 178409/G.R. No.
178434, June 8, 2011
LC, Art. 278(g); Union of the Filipro Employees-Drug
Manila Hotel Employees Association and its members
v. Manila Hotel Corp., G.R. No. 154591, March 5,
2007; Steel Corporation v. SCP Employees - NAFLU,
G.R. Nos. 169829-30, April 16, 2008; FEU-NRMF v.
FEU-NRMFEA-AFW, G.R. No. 168362, October 16,
2006;
 10. Employment of Strike Breakers LC, Art. 279 (c); 219(r)

11. Improved Offer Balloting and Strikes LC, Art. 280; IR, Book V, Rule XXII, Sec. 12
C. Strikes in industries indispensable to
the national interest

1. Rationale of Compulsory Arbitration; LC, Art. 278(g); IR, Book V, Rule I, Sec. 1(gg);
Manila Cordage Company v. CIR, 37 SCRA 288
(1971; University of Immaculate Concepcion Inc. v.
Sec. of Labor, 448 SCRA 190 (2005)
2. Definition and Nature of Dispute
Subject to Compulsory Arbitration; LC, Art. 278(g); GTE Directories Corp. v. GTE
Directories Corp. Employees Union, 197 SCRA 452
(1991); Phimco Industries Inc. v. Brillantes, 304 SCRA
747 (1999); Trans-Asia Shipping Lines Inc. v. Court of
3. SOLE’s assumption/certification Appeals, 433 SCRA 610 (2004);
order is constitutional;
Union of Filipro Employees v. Nestle Phils., 192 SCRA
396 (1990); Philtread Workers Union v. Confesor,
G.R. No 117169, March 12, 1997;

Suggested readings: Senate Bill No. 3210,

http://senate.gov.ph/lis/bill_res.aspx?
congress=15&q=SBN-3210; House Bill No. 1564,
http://www.congress.gov.ph/download/comms_related_
15/hb01564.pdf; Position Paper of the Employers
Confederation of the Philippines (ECOP) on Senate
Bill No. 532 (Limiting the Power of Assumption or
Certification of Labor Disputes),
http://www.ecop.org.ph/advocacy/policy/Essential%20
Services.pdf; New Labor secretary told: Hands off on
assumption of jurisdiction,
http://www.kilusangmayouno. org/ news/2010/07/new-
labor-secretary-told-hands-assumption-jurisdiction

4. SOLE’s assumption/certification Trans-Asia Shipping Lines, Inc.-Unlicensed Crews

order is plenary Employees Union v. CA, G.R. No. 145428, July 7,
2004; Manila Diamond Hotel Employees Union v. CA,
447 SCRA 97 (2005)

5. Effect of Certification and Violation LC, Art. 278(g); Philcom Employees Union v.
of Order Philippine Global Communications, 495 SCRA 214
(2006); Manila Hotel Employees Assn. v. Manila Hotel
Corp., 517 SCRA 349 (2007); Grand Boulevard Hotel
v. Genuine Labor Organization, 406 SCRA 688
(2003); Toyota Motor Phils Corp. Workers Assn. v.
NLRC, 537 SCRA 171 (2007); Sarmiento v. Tuico,
162 SCRA 676 (1988); Union of Filipro Employees v.
Nestle Phils., 192 SCRA 396 (1990)
C. ​Slowdown as Concerted Activity Ilaw at Buklod ng Manggagawa (IBM), 98 SCRA 598
(1991); Yolito Fadriquelan, et al. vs. Monterey Foods
Corporation/ Monterey Foods Corporation v.
Bukluran ng mga Manggagawa sa Monterey-ILAW, et
al., G.R. No. 178409/G.R. No. 178434, June 8, 2011.
D. Picketing IR, Book V, Rule XXII, Sec. 13
1. Definition
2. Nature and Purpose of Picket Line Insular Life Assurance Co. Ltd. Employees Assn. v.
Insular Life Assurance Co. Ltd., 37 SCRA 243 (1971);
Sta. Rosa Coca-Cola Plant Employees Union v.
CCBP, G.R. No. 164302-03, January 24, 2007
3. Picketing and Libel Laws Philippine Commercial and Industrial Bank v.
Philnabank Employees Assn., 105 SCRA 314 (1981)
4. Curtailment Nagkahiusang Manggagawa sa Cuizon Hotel v.
Libron, 124 SCRA 448 (1983)
 5. Regulation/Restrictions, Innocent
Third-Party Rule and Liabilities
6. Prohibited Activities – Peaceful
Picketing–
E. Labor Injunction
1. Injunction prohibited
2. Exceptions
F. Role of Peace Officers During Strikes
and Picketing
1. Escorting
2. Arrest and Detention of Law Violators LC, Art. 281
Liwayway Publishing Co. Inc. v. Permanent Concrete
Workers Union, 108 SCRA 161 (1981)
LC, Art. 279(b); IR, Book V, Rule XXII, Sec. 13
LC, Arts. 266 & 219(l); Caltex Filipino Managers and
Supervisors Association v. CIR, G.R. Nos. L-30632-
33, April 11, 1972
LC, Arts. 225(e) & 278(g)
LC, Art. 279(d)

Part IX - EMPLOYER LOCK-OUT

A. Basis, Limitation and Definition LC, Arts. 278(b), & 219(p); IR, Book V, Rule I, Sec.
1(gg)
B. Effect on Work Relationship LC, Art. 219p)
C. Ground LC, Art. 278(c)
D. Prohibited Lock-out LC, Arts. 278(b) & (g), 279(a)
E. Procedural Requirements LC, Arts. 279(a), (c), (d), & (e), 278(e); IR, Book V,
Rule XXII, Secs. 5-11; Philtread v. NLRC, 218 SCRA
805 (1993)
F. Effect of Illegal Lock-out LC, Art. 279(a), par. 3, 1st sentence
Part X - LABOR RELATIONS IN THE
PUBLIC SECTOR
A
.
R
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O
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a
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i
z
e
CONST.,1 Art. III, Sec. 8; Art. XIII Sec. 3;
.Art. IX-B, Sec. 2(5); Executive Order No.
B180 (1987); Amended Rules Governing the
aExercise of the Right of Government
sEmployees to Self-Organization the
iImplementing Rules (Amended Rules);
sILO Convention No. 151, Preamble, Arts.
1-9; International Covenant on Economic,
Social and Cultural Rights, Art. 8;
International Covenant on Civil and
Political Rights, Art. 22;
EO 180,2 Rule III; Amended Rules, Rule II,
Sec. 3;.
A
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t
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 t
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BEO 180, Secs. 2 to 4; Amended Rules, Rule
.II, Sec. 2, and Rule I (ii), (k), (z), & (aa);
O
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CEO 180, Sec. 5 & Sec. 6; Amended Rules,
.Rule XVI, Secs. 1 & 2;
P
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n
o
f
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h
t
DEO 180, Sec. 7 & 8; Amended Rules, Rule
.I, Sec. 1 (u), (jj) & (ll), and Rules V to VII;
R
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t
r
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t
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n
EEO 180, Sec. 10; Amended Rules, Rule I,
.Sec. 1 (a), (b), & (w);
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EO 180,1. Sec. 11; Amended Rules, Rule
VIII, Secs.V2-8;
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t
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 R
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g
n
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t
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n
EO 180,2. Sec. 12; Amended Rules, Rule I,
Sec. 1 (g), CRule VIII, Sec. 8, & Rules IX to
XI; Assn. ofe Court of Appeals Employees v.
Ferrer-Calleja,
r 203 SCRA 596 (1991);
Bautista v. tCA, 452 SCRA 406 (2005);
i
f
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c
a
t
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n
E
l
e
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t
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EO 180,
3. Sec. 9; Rule I(j); Rule I, Sec. 1
(gg) & (hh);B
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a
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n
i
t
Amended
4. Rules, Rule VIII, Sec. 12;
R
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 f
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A
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t

FEO 180, Sec. 13; Amended Rules, Rules

.XII to XIII;
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Amended
1. Rules, Rule XII, Secs. 1 & 2;
N
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I
s
s
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s
Amended2. Rules, Rule XII, Secs. 3 & 5;
Abanilla v.NCommission, 468 SCRA 87
(2005);); Manila
o International Airport
Authority v.n Commission on Audit, G.R.
No. 194710,- Feb. 12, 2012;
N
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I
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s

GEO 180, Sec. 14; Amended Rules, Rule II,

.Sec. 3; Social Security System Employees
CAssn. v. CA, 175 SCRA 686 (1989); Manila
oPublic Schools Teachers Assn. v. Laguio,
n200 SCRA 323 (1991); Jacinto v. CA, 281
cSCRA 657 (1997);
e
r
t
e
d
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v
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s
HEO 180, Sec. 15; Amended Rules, Rules
.XIX & XX.
P
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Part XI
​Termination of Employment ​

A. Security of tenure LC, Art. 294

i. 1 Nature of right/rationale
2 Coverage
3 Requisites of valid termination
Llosa Tan v. Silahis International Hotel, 181 SCRA
738 (1990); City Services Corp. Workers v. City
Services Corp., 135 SCRA 564 (1985)
Inter Orient Maritime Enterprises, Inc. v. NLRC,
235 SCRA 268 (1994); Woodridge School v. Pe
Benito, G.R. No. 160240, October 29, 2008
Ting v. CA, G.R. No, 146174, July 12, 2006

4 Measure of penalty Bago v. NLRC, G.R. No. 170001, April 4, 2007;

Sagales v. Rustan’s Commercial Corp., G.R. No.
166554, November 27, 2008.; Negros Slashers, Inc.
v. Teng, G.R. No. 187122, February 22, 2012
B. TERMINATION OF EMPLOYMENT
BY EMPLOYEE
1 Resignation Virgen Shipping Corp. v. Barraquio, G.R. No.
178127, April 16, 2009; Casa Cebuana
Incorporada v. Leuterio, G.R. No. 176040,
September 4, 2009; Mora v. Avesco Marketing
Corp., G.R. No. 177414, November 14, 2008;
1.1 Just causes LC, Art. 300 (b)
1.2 Without just cause LC, Art. 300 (a)
2 Performance of military/ civic LC, Art. 301; Omnibus Rules,
duty Book VI, Rule I, Sec. 12
C. TERMINATION OF EMPLOYMENT
BY EMPLOYER
1 Substantive requirements - just LC, Art. 297; 293; 292(b)
causes
ii. 1.1 Basis - management Ocean East Agency Corp. v. NLRC, 287 SCRA 546
prerogative (1998)
iii. 1.2 Serious LC, Art. 297 (a); D.O. No. 147-15, Sec. 5.2(a) & (b);
misconduct/willful
disobedience Yabut v. MERALCO,* G.R. No. 190436, January 16,
(insubordination) 2012; Universal Robina Sugar Milling Corporation
v. Ablay,* G.R. No. 218172, March 16, 2016;
Imasen Philippine Manufacturing Corporation v.
Alcon, G.R. No. 194884, October 22, 2014;
First Dominion Resources Corp. v. Penaranda, 480
SCRA 504 (2006); Bascon v. CA, 422 SCRA 122
(2004); Lores Realty Enterprises, Inc., v. Virginia E.
Pacia, G.R. No. 171189, March 9, 2011
iv. 1.3 Gross and habitual LC, Art. 297 (b); D.O. No. 147-15, Sec. 5.2(c);
neglect of duties
 Cavite Apparel, Inc. v. Marquez,* G.R. No. 172044,
February 06, 2013; Talidano v. Falcon Maritime and
Allied Services, Inc., G.R. No. 172031, July 14,
2008; School of the Holy Spirit of Quezon City v.
Taguiam,* G.R. No. 165565, July 14, 2008; Eastern
Overseas Employment Center, Inc. v. Bea, 476
SCRA 384 (2005)
v. 1.4 Fraud or loss of trust LC, Art. 297 (c); D.O. No. 147-15, Sec. 5.2(d) & (e);
and confidence
Manila Jockey Club, Inc. v. Trajano, G.R. No.
160982, June 26, 2013;* James Ben L. Jerusalem v.
Keppel Monte Bank, et al., G.R. No. 169564. April
6, 2011; Salas v. Aboitiz One, Inc., G.R. No. 178236,
June 27, 2008; Eats-cetera Food Services Outlet v.
Letran, G.R. 179507, October 2, 2009
vi. 1.5 Commission of crime LC, Art. 297 (d); D.O. No. 147-15, Sec. 5.2(f)
vii. 1.6 Analogous causes LC, Art. 297 (e); D.O. No. 147-15, Sec. 5.2(g);
Heavylift Manila, Inc. v. CA, 473 SCRA 541 (2005);
John Hancock Life Insurance Corp. v. Davis, G.R.
169549, September 3, 2008; Yrasuegui v. PAL, G.R.
No. 168081, October 17, 2008
viii. 1.7 Others
1. 1.7.1 Abandonment
Harpoon Marine Services, Inc. v. Francisco, GR No.
167751, March 2, 2011
2. Batongbacal v. Associated Bank, 168 SCRA 600
1.7.2 (1988)
Courtesy
resignation
3. Manlimos v. NLRC, 242 SCRA 145 (1995)
1.7.3 Change
of ownership
4. Quiambao v. Manila Electric Co., G.R. No. 171023,
1.7.4 December 18, 2009
Habitual
absenteeism
5. 1.7.5 Fixed-term Medenilla v. PVB, G.R. No. 127673; March 13,
employment 2000; Pamantasan v. Civil Service Commission, 241
SCRA 506 (1995)
6. 1.7.6 Past offenses McDonald's (Katipunan Branch) v. Alba, G.R.
156382, December 18, 2008
7. 1.7.7 Immorality Imasen Philippine Manufacturing Corporation v.
Alcon, G.R. No. 194884, October 22, 2014
8. 1.7.8 Conviction of Sampaguita Garments Corp. v. NLRC, 233 SCRA
crime 260 (1994)
ix. 1.8 Gilles v. CA, G.R. No. 149273, June 5, 2009. Chiang
Constructive Kai Shek College v. CA, 437 SCRA 171 (2004). La
dismissal Rosa v. Ambassador Hotel, G.R. No. 177059, March
13, 2009; Tatel v. JLFP Investigation Security
Agency, Inc., G.R. No. 206942, February 25, 2015
x. 1.9 Transfer Aguanza v. Asian Terminal Inc., G.R. No. 163505,
August 14, 2009; Herida v. F&C Pawnshop and
Jewelry Store, G.R. No. 172601, April 16, 2009;
PLDT v. Paguio, 472 SCRA 453 (2005)
xi. 1.10 Phil. Telegraph v. CA, G.R. No. 152057, Sept. 29,
Promotion 2003
xii. 1.11 Old Omnibus Rules, Book V, Rule XXIV, Secs. 3 &
Preventive 4;
suspension
Philippine Airlines Inc. v. NLRC, 292 SCRA 40
(1998); Gatbonton v. NLRC, G.R. No. 146779,

xiii. 1.12 Residency training Felix v. Buenaseda, 240 SCRA 139 (1995)
2 Substantive requirements -
business related causes
2.1 Basis - employer right
xiv. 2.2 Installation of labor- LC, Art. 298; D.O. No. 147-15, Sec. 5.4(a)
saving devices
xv. 2.3 Retrenchment to
prevent losses
xvi. 2.4 Redundancy
January 23, 2006
LC, Art. 298
Edge Apparel Inc. v. NLRC, 286 SCRA 302 (1998);
Elleccion v. NLRC, G.R. No. 184735, September 17,
2009
LC, Art. 298; D.O. No. 147-15, Sec. 5.4(c);
Flight Attendants & Stewards Association of the
Philippines v. PAL,* G.R. No. 178083, July 22,
2008; Emcor, Inc. v. Sienes, G.R. No. 152101,
September 8, 2009; Metro Construction Inc. v.
Aman, G.R. No. 168324, October 12, 2009
LC, Art. 298; D.O. No. 147-15, Sec. 5.4(b);
Arabit v. Jardine Pacific Finance, Inc., G.R. No.
181719; April 21, 2014; Lowe Inc. v. CA, G.R. No.
164813, August 14, 2009; AMA v. Garcia, G.R. No.
166703, April 14, 2008

xvii. 2.5 Closure of business LC, Art. 298; D.O. No. 147-15, Sec. 5.4(d);
G.J.T. Rebuilders Machine Shop v. Ambos, G.R. No.
174184, January 28, 2015; Eastridge Golf Club Inc.
v. Eastridge Golf Club Inc. Labor Union,* G.R. No.
166760, August 22, 2008; Benson Industries
Employees Union_ALU-TUCP v. Genon,* G.R. No.
200746, August 6, 2014
xviii. 2.6 Temporary closure LC, Art. 301;
Valdez v. NLRC, 286 SCRA 87 (1998)
2.7 Disease LC, Art. 299; D.O. No. 147-15, Sec. 5.4(e);
Deoferio v. Intel Technology Philippines, Inc.,* G.R.
No. 202996, June 18, 2014
D. PROCEDURAL REQUIREMENTS LC, Art. 292 (b); D.O. No. 147-15
1 In general Phil. Movie Pictures Workers' Assciation v. Premiere
Productions, Inc., 92 Phil. 843 (1953);
Agabon v. NLRC, 442 SCRA 573 (2004); King of
Kings Transport, Inc. v. Mamac, G.R. No. 166208,
June 29, 2007
2 Right to counsel Salaw v. NLRC, 202 SCRA 7 (1991)
3 1st Notice D.O. No. 147-15, Sec. 5.1(a);
Casa Cebuana Incorporada v. Leuterio, G.R. No.
176040, September 4, 2009
4 Hearing D.O. No. 147-15, Sec. 5.1(b);
Perez v. Philippine Telegraph and Telephone Co.,
G.R. No. 152048, April 7, 2009; Suico. v. NLRC,
G.R. No. 146762, January 30, 2007
5 2nd Notice D.O. No. 147-15, Sec. 5.1(c);
Dela Cruz v. Maerks Filipinas Crewing, Inc., G.R.
No. 172038, April 14, 2008
6 Burden of proof Macasero v. Southern Industrial Gases Phil., G.R.
No. 178524, January 30, 2009; Gallego v. Bayer
Phil., Inc., G.R. No. 179807, July 31, 2009
7 Degree of proof Mitsubishi Motors Phils. Corp. v. Simon, G.R. No.
164081, April 16, 2008; Rentokil (Initial) Phil., Inc.
 v. Sanchez, G.R. No. 176219, December 23, 2008.
8 Prescription Callanta v. Carnation Phil., Inc., 145 SCRA 268
(1986); Montero v. Times Transportation Co., Inc.,
G.R. No. 190828, March 16, 2015
E. RELIEFS/REMEDIES IN ILLEGAL LC, Arts. 294 & 224
DISMISSAL
1 Reinstatement
xix. 1.1 Definition Pheschem Industrial Corp. v. Moldez, 458 SCRA
339 (2005); Citytrust Banking Corp. v. NLRC, G.R.
No. 104860; July 11, 1996
xx. 1.2 Reinstatement Pfizer, Inc., et al. v. Velasco, G.R. No. 177467,
pending appeal March 9, 2011; Bergonio, Jr. v. South East Asian
Airlines, G.R. No. 195227, April 21, 2014
xxi. 1.3 Exceptions
1. 1.3.1 Closure of Philippine Engineering Corp. v. CIR, 41 SCRA 102
business (1971)
2. 1.3.2 Prayer is for Citytrucking, Inc. v. Balajadia, G.R. No. 160769,
separation pay in August 9, 2006; Pheschem Industrial Corp. v.
lieu of reinstatement Moldez, 458 SCRA 339 (2005)

3. 1.3.3 Economic Electruck Asia, Inc. v. Meris, 435 SCRA 310 (2004;
business conditions Union Supervisors etc. v. Sec. Of Labor 128 SCRA
442 (1984)
4. 1.3.4 Employees' Divine Word High School v. NLRC, 143 SCRA 346
unsuitability (1986)
5. 1.3.5 Employee’s Citytrust Banking Corp. v. NLRC, G.R. No. 104860;
retirement/ overage July 11, 1996

6. 1.3.6 Strained Acesite Corp. v. NLRC, 449 SCRA 360 (2005);

relations Pentagon Steel Corp. v. CA, G.R. No. 174141, June
26, 2009.; Cabigting v. San Miguel Foods Inc., G.R.
No. 167706, November 5, 2009
7. 1.3.7 Not feasible Goma v. Pamplona Plantation, Inc., G.R. No.
160905, July 4, 2008
8. 1.3.8 Offer to Ranara v. NLRC, 212 SCRA 631 (1992)
reinstate
2 Backwages
xxii. 2.1 Effect of failure to Asian Terminals, Inc. v. NLRC, G.R. No. 158458,
order December 19, 2007
xxiii. 2.2 Computation Bani Rural Bank, Inc. v. De Guzman, G.R.
No.170904, November 13, 2013
3 Damages and attorney’s fees M + W Zander Phil., Inc. v. Enriquez, G.R. No.
169173, June 5, 2009
4 Separation pay Siemens Phil., Inc. v. Domingo, G.R. No. 150488,
July 28, 2008; Nissan North EDSA Balintawak v.
Serrano, G.R. No. 162538, June 4, 2009
xxiv. 4.1 Computation/ Businessday Information Systems and Services, Inc.
rationale v. NLRC,* 221 SCRA 9 (1993; PLDT v. NLRC, 164
SCRA (1988); Songco v. NLRC, 183 SCRA 610
(1990)
xxv. 4.2 Effect of receipt Amkor Technology Phil., Inc. v. Juangco, G.R. No.
166507, September 27, 2006
5 Interest Nacar v. Gallery Frames, G.R. No. 189871, August
13, 2013
6 Financial assistance
xxvi. 5.1 When allowed/ not Luna v. Allado Construction Company, Inc., G.R.
allowed No. 175251, May 30, 2011; Apacible v. Multimed
Industries, et al., G.R. No. 178903, May 30, 2011;
Bristol Myers Squibb v. Baban, G.R. 167449,

7 Indemnity
8 Solidary liability of corporate
officers
G. RETIREMENT
​
Part XI: Labor Dispute Settlement Machinery
A. Historical backdrop of the present
labor dispute resolution system
B. Methods of resolving labor disputes Suggested reading: Hans Leo J. Cacdac, Tiers of
B.1. the preferred “free, voluntary and
democratic methods”
i. collective bargaining
ii. grievance machinery
iii. conciliation and mediation
1. the Single-Entry Approach
(SEnA) to dispute settlement
2. compromise agreement/waiver
December 17, 2008; Phil. Long Distance Tel. Co. v.
NLRC, 164 SCRA 671 (1988)
Arms Taxi v. NLRC, 219 SCRA 306 (1993)
Harpoon Marine Services, Inc. v. Francisco, GR No.
167751, March 2, 2011
LC, Art. 302; Retirement Pay Law (RA No. 7641);
Implementing Rules; Labor Advisory on Retirement
Pay (Oct. 1999);
Oxales v. Unilab, G.R. No. 152991, July 21, 2008;
Quevedo v. Benguet Electric Cooperative, Inc., G.R.
No. 168927, September 11, 2009; Grace Christian
High School v. Lavandera, G.R. No. 177845,
August 20, 2014; Cercado v. Uniprom, Inc., G.R.
No. 188154, October 13, 2010; Goodyear
Philippines, Inc. v. Angus, G.R. No. 185449,
November 12, 2014
C.A. No. 103 (1936) & C.A. No. 213 (1936); R.A.
No. 875 (1953); Proc. No. 1081 (1972), G.O. No. 5
(1972), P.D. 442 (1974) & P.D. No. 823 (1975)
Resolution in Philippine Labor Dispute Settlement,
http://ncmb.ph/News/Articles/ILODISP.htm
Kiok Loy v. NLRC 141 SCRA 179 (1986)
NCMB Guidelines, Rule II, Secs. 1(g) and (h); LC,
Arts. 273 & 267; USAEU-FFW v. CA, G.R. No.
169632, March 28, 2006; Atlas Farm, Inc. v. NLRC,
G.R. No. 142244, November 18, 2002
LC, Arts. 234; 261 (c), (d), (e); E.O. 251, Sec. 4; IR,
Book V, Rule XXII, Secs. 1 & 9; LC, Arts. 263 (h)
and 221;
Nissan Motors Phils. Inc. v. SOLE, 491 SCRA 607
(2006); Pentagon Steel Corporation v. CA, G.R. No.
174141, June 26, 2009; Tabigue v. International
Copra Export Corporation (INTERCO), G.R. No.
183335, December 23, 2009;
Supreme Court Administrative Circular No. 14-93;
Montoya v. Escayo, 171 SCRA 442(1989)
Department Order No. 107-10;
Arnold de Vera, Fairer, Faster, and Cheaper A
Proposal to Enhance the Philippines’ Labor Dispute
Settlement System (http://www.ibp.ph/downloads/
pdf/Vol.31_No.1_2005.pdf)
LC, Art. 233;
Mindoro Lumber and Hardware v. Bacay, 459 SCRA
714 (2005); Land and Housing Development Corp.
v. Esquillo, G.R. No. 152012, September 30, 2005;
Ilagan v. CA, G.R. No. 162089, July 9, 2008; Hotel
Enterprises of the Philippines, Inc. v. Samahan ng
mga Manggagawa sa Hyatt-National Union of
Workers in the Hotel and Restaurant and Allied

iv. voluntary arbitration
1. defined
2. enforcement and promotion of
voluntary arbitration
3. arbitrable issues; jurisdiction of
voluntary arbitrator
4. selection of voluntary arbitrator
5. nature of office and function of
voluntary arbitrators
6. awards and orders
7. finality and execution of award;
appeal from and arbitral
order/award ​ 651 (1993); Coca-Cola Bottlers Phils., Inc. Sales
8. Costs
B.2. coercive methods: strikes and lock-
outs
v. strikes
vi. lock-outs
C. The labor dispute settlement
machinery:
Industries (SAMASAH-NUWHRAIN), G.R. No.
165756, June 5, 2009; Aujero v. Philcomsat, G.R.
No. 193484, January 18, 2012
NCMB, Revised Procedural Guidelines in the
Conduct of Voluntary Arbitration Proceedings
(2005)
Suggested reading: Hans Leo J. Cacdac &
Teresita E. Audea, The State of Philippine Voluntary
Arbitration,
http://ncmb.ph/Publications/VA/Articles/VAPaper.pd
f
Chung Fu Industries v. CA, 206 SCRA 545 (1992);
Luzon Development Bank v. Association of
Development Bank Employees, 249 SCRA 162
(1995); Manila Central Line Corp. v. Manila Central
Line Free Workers Union, 290 SCRA 69 (1998)
LC, Art. 273; EO 251, Sec. 4
LC, Arts. 274-275; 224(c); Art. 124, 5th par.; R.A.
6971, Secs. 4 (b) and 9; LC, Art. 263 (h);
Arellano University Employees and Workers Union
v. CA, G.R. No. 139940, September 19, 2006; SMFI
v. SMCEU-PTGWO, G.R. No. 168569, October 5,
2007; Landtex Industries v. CA, G.R. No. 150278,
August 9, 2007; Del Monte Phils. Inc. v. Saldivar,
504 SCRA 192 (2006); Sanyo Phils. Workers Union
v. Canizares, 211 SCRA 361 (1992)
LC, Arts. 219(n) and 273;
Manila Central Line Corp. v. Manila Central Line
Free Workers Union, G.R. Mo. 109383, June 15,
1998
LC, Arts. 276, 273 & 219(n);
Luzon Development Bank v. Assn. of Luzon
Development Bank Employees, 249 SCRA 162
(1995); Leyte IV Electric Cooperative, Inc. v. Leyco
IV Employees Assn., 537 SCRA 171 (2007); Nippon
Paint Employees Union v. CA, 443 SCRA 280
(2004); United Kimberly-Clark Employees Union v.
Kimberly-Clark Phils., Inc., 484 SCRA 187 (2006)
Art. 276;
Eternit v. De Veyra, 189 SCRA 752 (1990); Ludo
and Luym Corp. V. Saordino, 395 SCRA 451 (2003);
United Kimberly-Clark Employees Union v.
Kimberly-Clark Phils., Inc., 484 SCRA 187 (2006);
Oceanic Bic Division (FFW) vs. Romero, G.R. No.
L-43890, July 16, 1984
LC, Art. 276; Rule 43, Rules of Court;
Imperial Textile Mills, Inc. v. Sampong, 219 SCRA
Force Union v. Coca-Cola, 464 SCRA 507 (2005);
AMA Computer College v. Nacino, 544 SCRA 502
(2008); Luzon Development Bank v. Assn. of Luzon
Development Bank Employees, 249 SCRA 162
(1995)
LC, Art. 277
LC, Art. 219(o); IR, Book V, Rule I, Sec. 1(uu)
LC, Arts. 278(b), & 212(p); IR, Book V, Rule I, Sec.
1(gg)
LC, Art. 218-A (e)
i. The President and the Secretary of
Labor and Employment (SOLE):
compulsory arbitration of labor
disputes in industries indispensable
to the national interest; procedure
ii. The SOLE: appellate jurisdiction in
appeals -- from denial of application Rule VIII, Sec. 17; Rule XI, Sec. 16;
for registration of federations, etc.; Abbott Laboratories Phils., Inc. v. Abbott
from decisions in petitions for
certification elections; from
decisions in inter- and intra-
federation disputes and other related Rule V, Part VII, Sec. 1.
disputes; from labor inspection
orders issued by the Regional
Director; from decisions of
Philippine Overseas Employment
Administration (POEA) in
disciplinary action cases.
iii. The Bureau of Labor Relations
(BLR): registration of federations, Sec. 5
etc.; inter- and intra- federation
disputes and other related disputes;
iv. The BLR: appellate jurisdiction in
appeals – from denial of application
for union registration; from
decisions in inter- and intra- union
disputes and other related disputes
v. The Med-Arbiters: representation
disputes; applications for union
registration and intra- union
disputes and other related disputes,
except cancellation of union
registration and deregistration of
collective bargaining agreements
vi. The Regional Directors: labor
standard disputes discovered during
labor inspection, and simple money
claims;
vii. The National Labor Relations
Commission (NLRC): Appellate
jurisdiction over all cases decided
by labor arbiters, and over simple
money claims decided by the
Regional Director;
LC, Arts. 278(g), & 219(p); IR, Book V, Rule I, Sec.
1(gg);
Philtread Workers Union v. Confesor, G.R. No
117169, March 12, 1997; Trans-Asia Shipping Lines,
Inc.-Unlicensed Crews Employees Union v. CA, G.R.
No. 145428, July 7, 2004
Suggested readings: Senate Bill No. 3210,
http://senate.gov.ph/lis/bill_res.aspx?
congress=15&q=SBN-3210; House Bill No. 1564,
http://www.congress.gov.ph/download/comms_relate
d_15/hb01564.pdf; Position Paper of the Employers
Confederation of the Philippines (ECOP) on Senate
Bill No. 532 (Limiting the Power of Assumption or
Certification of Labor Disputes),
http://www.ecop.org.ph/advocacy/policy/Essential%
20Services.pdf; New Labor secretary told: Hands off
on assumption of jurisdiction,
http://www.kilusangmayouno. org/
news/2010/07/new-labor-secretary-told-hands-
assumption-jurisdiction
Implementing Rules (IR), Book V, Rule IV, Sec. 6;
Laboratories Employees Union, G.R. No.131374,
January 26, 2000;
LC, Art. 128 (b), 2003 POEA Rules and Regulations,
LC, Art. 232; IR, Book V, Rule III, Sec. 1; Rule XI,
Rule IV, Sec. 6; Rule XI, Sec.16
LC, Arts. 268 & 269; Art. 232; IR, Book V, Rule I,
Sec. 1(dd); Rule III, Sec. 1; Rule VIII, Sec. 2;
M.Y. San Biscuits, Inc. v. Laguesma, G.R. No. 95011,
April 22, 1991;
IR, Book V, Rule XI, Sec. 5
LC, Arts.128 and 129
LC, Art. 220; LC, Art. 224 (b); Art. 129, par. 2; 2011
NLRC Rules of Procedure, Rule III, Secs. VI and
VII;
Tan v. Timbal, G.R. No. 141926, July 14, 2004; Sy v.
ALC Industries, Inc., G.R. No. 168339, October 10,
2008; Sasan v. NLRC, G.R. No. 176240, October 17,
2008; Philux v. NLRC, G.R. 151854, September 3,
2008; Garcia v. KJ Commercial, G.R. No. 196830,
 February 29, 2012

Suggested reading: the 2011 Annual Report of the

viii. The NLRC: original jurisdiction
over petition for extraordinary
remedies (i.e., to annul labor
arbiter’s order or resolution)
ix. The NLRC: original jurisdiction
over certified labor disputes
affecting industries indispensable to
the national interests, and injunction
cases
x. Other powers of the NLRC, e.g.,
rule-making and contempt)
NLRC, http://nlrc.dole.gov.ph/?q=node/105
2011 NLRC Rules of Procedure, Rule XII
LC, Art. 278(g); 2011 NLRC Rules of Procedure,
Rule III, Sec. VIII; LC, Arts. 254; Arts. 218(e) &
264; 2011 NLRC Rules of Procedure, Rule III, Sec.
X;
Samahang Manggagawa sa Sulpicio Lines, Inc.-
NAFLU v. Sulpicio Lines, Inc., 426 SCRA 319
(2004); Nestle Phils., Inc. v. NLRC, G.R. No. 85197,
March 18, 1991; PAL v. NLRC, G.R. No. 120567,
March 20, 1998
LC, Art. 225; 2011 NLRC Rules of Procedure, Rule
III, Sec. IX

xi. The Labor Arbiters: original and LC, Art. 224 (a); Art. 124, par. 5; R.A. 8042, Sec.
exclusive jurisdiction; 10;
San Miguel Corporation v. NLRC, 255 SCRA 133
(1996); National Union of Bank Employees v.
Lazaro, 157 SCRA 125 (1988); Oreshoot Mining Co.
v. Arellano, 156 SCRA 428 (1987); Rodriguez, Jr. v.
Aguilar, Sr., 468 SCRA 373 (2005); National
Federation of Labor v. Eisma, 127 SCRA 419(1984)
xii. Exceptions to jurisdiction of labor LC, Art. 278 (g); Arts. 224 © and 274; Arts. 224 (a)
arbiters (6) and129; R.A 6971, Sec. 9; LC, Art. 288, par. 3;
Okol v. Slimmers World International, G.R. No.
160146, December 11, 2009; San Miguel Corp. v.
NLRC, G.R. No. 80774 May 31, 1988
xiii. Proceedings before a labor arbiter LC, Arts. 227, 228, and 229; 2011 NLRC Rules of
Procedure, Rule V; Westmont Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
v. Samaniego, G.R. Nos. 146653-54, February 20,
2006; Oriental Shipmanagement Co., Inc. v. Bastol,
G.R. No. 186289, June 30, 2010 Quijano v.
Bartolabac, 480 SCRA 204 (2006)
xiv. POEA: administrative Omnibus Rules and Regulations Implementing R.A.
disciplinary cases No 8042, Sec. 28
b. The Court of Appeals (CA): Rules of Court (RC), Rule 43;
appeals from awards/orders Luzon Development Bank v. Association of
of voluntary arbitrators Development Bank Employees, 249 SCRA 162
(1995)
D. The CA: petitions for certiorari to RC, Rule 65;
annul judgment of the SOLE, NLRC, St. Martins Funeral Homes v. NLRC, 295 SCRA 494
and the BLR (1998); Philippine National Bank v. Velasco, G.R.
166096, September 11, 2008;

Suggested reading: Solo V. Tibe, Exemption on

i. Not proper when appeal is available Tirazona v. CA, G.R. No. 169712, March 14, 2008;
ii. motion for reconsideration as a
precondition
Docket Fees for Selected Labor Cases on Certiorari
and Appeal, IBP Journal, Vol. 34 No. 2,
http://www.ibp.ph/downloads/pdf/Vol.34_No.2_200
9.pdf
Madriaga v. CA, 463 SCRA 298 (2005)
Sim v. NLRC, G.R. No. 157376, October 2, 2007;
Mandaue Dinghow Dimsum House v. NLRC, G.R.
No. 161134, March 3, 2008; Chris Garments
Corporation v. Sto. Tomas, G.R. No. 167426,
January 12, 2009
 iii. period
iv. errors of fact or law, not
correctable via certiorari.
v. pendency of petition does not
interrupt main case
E. The Supreme Court: appeal by
certiorari from judgment of the CA
i. Only questions of law, not of fact,
may be raised
F. Prescription of Actions
i. Money claims
ii. Illegal dismissal
iii. Unfair labor practice
iv. Other offenses penalized by the LC LC, Art. 305
and IRs
Laguna Metts Corporation v. Caalam, G.R. No.
185220, July 27, 2009
Anonas Construction and Industrial Supply
Corporation v. NLRC, G.R. No. 164052, October 17,
2008; Maralit v. PNB, G.R. No. 163788, August 24,
2009
Remington Industrial Sales Corporation v.
Castaneda, G.R. No. 169295, November 20, 2006
RC, Rule 45;
Hanjin Heavy Industries and Construction Company
Ltd. (formerly Hanjin Engineering and Construction
Co. Ltd.) v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 167938,
February 19, 2009
General Santos Coca-Cola Plant Free Workers
Union-TUPAS v. Coca-Cola Bottlers Phils., Inc.
(General Santos City), G.R. No. 178647, February
13, 2009; Yokohama Tire Philippines, Inc. v.
Yokohama Employees Union, G.R. No. 163532,
March 10, 2010; Cosmos Bottling Corporation v.
Nagrama, G.R. No. 164403, March 4, 2008
LC, Art. 306
Callanta v. Carnation Philippines, G.R. Mo. 70615,
October 28, 1986
LC, Art. 305

* This syllabus is intended to be used only in Atty. Añonuevo’s Law204M class. It should not be reproduced for any other
purpose, nor uploaded to any internet site, without his express authorization.