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~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ

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LEVEL-I Ed§ LEVEL-II narjm hoVw

Part 1
àJʶ àH$meZ
126, go³Q>a-6, {dÚmYa ZJa, O¶nwa 302039

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~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ

Part 1
‘yë¶ … <350

H$moB© ì¶p³V ¶m ’$‘© Bg nwñVH$ H$m Zm‘, {S>OmBZ, AÝXa H$s gm‘J«r nyU© ¶m Am§{eH$ ê$n go Vmo‹S>-‘amo‹S>H$a
d AXb-~XbH$a N>mnZo H$m gmhg Z H$ao, AݶWm dh H$mZyZr Vm¡a na hO} d IM} H$m {Oå‘oXma hmoJm&
¶Ú{n V϶m| H$s g˶Vm gw{ZpíMV H$aZo Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘o§ g^r gå^d gmdYm{Z¶m± ~aVr JB© h¡ VWm{n nwñVH$
‘| {H$gr Ìw{Q> ¶m Aݶ Xmofm| Ho$ {bE àH$meH$ CÎmaXm¶r Zht hmoJm& {H$gr ^r n[admX Ho$ {bE ݶm{¶H$ joÌ
O¶nwa (amOñWmZ) hmoJm&

àH$meH$ …

àJʶ àH$meZ
126, go³Q>a-6, {dÚmYa ZJa, O¶nwa 302039
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
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^y{‘H$m
àñVwV nwñVH$ ‘| ~mb {dkmZ-‘Zmo{dkmZ H$mo ‘mZg Ho$ g‘j aIH$a ~mb {dH$mg Ho$ H$maU, ‘hÎd, AW© na {dMma aIm
J¶m h¡ VWm BgH$s gr‘m H$m {ZYm©aU ^r {H$¶m h¡& {dH$mg Ho$ {Z¶‘, {gÕmÝV Am¡a à^m{dV H$aZo dmbo H$maH$m| na {dMma
aIVo hþE, d§emZwH«$‘ Ed§ dmVmdaU na ^r Bemam hþAm h¡& My±{H$ ^yV na hr dV©‘mZ H$m ‘hb {Q>H$m hmoVm h¡ Bgr{bE J^©
Ho$ g‘¶ Am¡a nyd© VWm ~mX H$s g‘ñV pñW{V¶m| H$mo ܶmZ ‘| aIH$a h‘Zo H«$‘dma BgH$s ì¶m»¶m àñVwV H$s h¡& EH$
gMoîQ> ‘mbr H$s Vah Mm¡H$sXmar H$m ܶmZ aIm h¡ VWm emar[aH$ {dH$mg go boH$a ~mbH$ Ho$ {H«$¶mË‘H$, g§kmZmË‘H$,
^mfm, gm‘m{OH$, g§doJmË‘H$ VWm ì¶p³VËd {dH$mg H$mo nÕ{V Ho$ AZwgma aIH$a CZ ~mVm| H$mo ^r CR>m¶m h¡, {Oggo
{H$ ~mb AnamY H$mo ~‹T>mdm {‘bVm h¡& ~mbH$ {H$g àH$ma {MÝVZ H$aVm h¡, {H$g àH$ma grIVm h¡, CZH$s ì¶p³VJV
{d{^ÝZVmE±, ì¶p³VËd, ~w{Õ Am{X na ^r àH$me S>mbm J¶m h¡& {d{eîQ>, gmYmaU Ed§ g‘ñ¶mË‘H$ ~mbH$ Ho$ AZÝVa
{dH$mgH«$‘ Ed§ ñd^md na ^r ~mV CR>mB© JB© h¡& ~mbH$m| Ho$ {ejU H$s {d{Y¶m| H$m {dñV¥V {ddoMZ {H$¶m J¶m h¡& ~mbH$m|
H$s CnbpãY H$m ‘mnZ ‘mZd {dH$mg H$m Ho$db EH$ n[aM¶ Zht ~pëH$ h‘mar ‘yb^yV g‘ñ¶m H$m g‘mYmZ h¡& {ejm
Ho$ joÌ ‘| ~mbH$m| H$mo àmá A{YH$ma, amîQ´>r¶ nmR²>¶M¶m© ê$naoIm Am{X H$mo ^r {df¶-dñVw ‘| gpå‘{bV {H$¶m J¶m h¡&
nwñVH$ boIZ ‘| à¶mg {H$¶m J¶m h¡ {H$ àñVm{dV nmR²>¶H«$‘ Ho$ g^r {~ÝXþAm| na MMm© hmo, {Oggo N>mÌm| H$mo
{df¶ dñVw Ho$ {bE AÝ¶Ì Z OmZm n‹S>o& gånyU© nmR²>¶-gm‘J«r EH$ hr ñWmZ na CnbãY H$amZo H$m nyU© à¶ËZ {H$¶m J¶m
h¡& nmR²>¶-nwñVH$ A˶ÝV hr gab VWm ~moYJå¶ ^mfm ‘| {bIZo H$s MoîQ>m H$s JB© h¡& ^mfm e¡br H$m ñVa ^r A˶ÝV
CÀM aIVo hþE Bgo N>mÌm| Ho$ AZwê$n hr aIZo H$m à¶mg {H$¶m J¶m h¡& Amdí¶H$ ñWmZm| na CXmhaU, ÑîQ>mÝV VWm
g‘w{MV ì¶m»¶m XoH$a {df¶-dñVw g‘w{MV ê$n go g‘PmZo H$m à¶mg {H$¶m J¶m h¡& nwñVH$ ‘| Aܶm¶rH$aU àñVm{dV
nmR²>¶H«$‘ Ho$ AZwê$n aIm J¶m h¡, {Oggo nmR>H$m| H$mo nmR²>¶H«$‘mZwgma Aܶ¶Z H$aZo ‘| gw{dYm aho&
h‘| nyU© {dídmg h¡ {H$ àñVwV g§ñH$aU CZ g^r Ho$ {bE Cn¶moJr {gÕ hmoJm, Omo ~mb {dH$mg VWm {ejU
{d{Y¶m| ‘| é{M aIVo h¢& h‘mam ¶h à¶mg ahm h¡ {H$ Bg {df¶ H$m Aܶ¶Z H$aZo dmbo Am‘ nmR>H$m| Ho$ {bE ^r ¶h
nwñVH$ A˶ÝV Cn¶moJr {gÕ hmo& nwñVH$ Ho$ ^mdr g§ñH$aUm| ‘| gwYma hoVw nmR>H$m| Ho$ ‘yë¶dmZ Ed§ Cn¶moJr gwPmd gX¡d
Am‘§{ÌV h¡&

boIH$
 {df¶-gyMr
H«$‘ g§»¶m Aܶm¶ n¥îR> g§»¶m

1. ~mb {dH$mg 1-11

2. d¥{Õ Am¡a {dH$mg 12-26

3. d¥{Õ Ed§ {dH$mg Ho$ {d{^ÝZ Am¶m‘ 27-50

4. d§emZwH«$‘ Ed§ dmVmdaU 51-62

5. A{YJ‘ 63-78

6. A{YJ‘ Ho$ {gÕmÝV 79-108

7. ~mbH$m| ‘| {MÝVZ Ed§ A{YJ‘ 109-132

8. A{^àoaUm Ed§ A{YJ‘ 133-151

9. ì¶p³VJV {d{^ÝZVmE± 152-160

10. ì¶p³VËd 161-179

11. ~w{Õ 180-201

12. {d{eîQ> ~mbH$ 202-256

13. g‘m¶moOZ 257-275

14. {ejU A{YJ‘ H$s ‘yb à{H«$¶mE± 276-291

15. {ejU A{YJ‘ H$s ì¶yh aMZmE± Ed§ {d{Y¶m± 292-317

16. ‘yë¶m§H$Z 318-332

17. CnbpãY narjU H$m {Z‘m©U 333-352

18. {H«$¶mË‘H$ AZwg§YmZ 353-361

19. {Z…ewëH$ Ed§ A{Zdm¶© {ejm A{YH$ma A{Y{Z¶‘, 2009 362-372

20. amîQ´>r¶ nmR²>¶M¶m© ê$naoIm, 2005 373-378

 àJʶ ~mb {dH$mg
Aܶm¶ 1
~mb {dH$mg
1.1 àñVmdZm
~më¶H$mb ‘mZd OrdZ H$s A˶ÝV ‘hÎdnyU© AdñWm h¡& ¶h {dH$mg H$mb
^mdr OrdZ H$s AmYma{ebm àñVwV H$aVm h¡& AV… g^r ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m|,
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{ejmempñ̶m| VWm Xme©{ZH$m| Zo Bg AdñWm Ho$ ‘hÎd H$mo ñdrH$ma H$aVo hþE
Bg ~mV na Omoa {X¶m h¡ {H$ Bg Am¶w ‘| ~mbH$ H$m nmbZ-nmofU Am¡a {ejU
Bg àH$ma {H$¶m Om¶o {H$ dh g‘mO, g‘wXm¶ VWm amîQ´> Ho$ CÎm‘ ZmJ[aH$ Ho$
ê$n ‘| {dH${gV hmo gHo$&
’«$m¶S> Ho$ AZwgma-
àmUr Mma, nm±M gmb H$s C‘« ‘| Omo Hw$N> ~ZZm hmoVm h¡ ~Z OmVm h¡&
AV… ’«$m¶S> Ho$ AZwgma ^r OrdZ H$s àmapå^H$ AdñWm ‘hÎdnyU©
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AdñWm h¡&
Hw$N> g‘¶ nyd© VH$ g‘mO H$s ¶h YmaUm Wr {H$ ‘mZd {eew emar[aH$
ê$n go àm¡‹T>m| Ho$ g‘mZ hr hmoVm h¡, Omo {H$ {dH$mg H«$‘ ‘| Yrao-Yrao àm¡T>m|
Ho$ ê$n ‘| n[ad{V©V hmo OmVm h¡& ì¶p³V¶m| H$s Bgr YmaUm Ho$ H$maU ~mb
{dH$mg VWm ~mb ‘Z Ho$ Aܶ¶Z H$s Amdí¶H$Vm h¡& Xme©{ZH$m| Ho$ à¶mgm|
go Yrao-Yrao ~mb Aܶ¶Z Am¡a ~mb {dH$mg Ho$ ‘hÎd H$mo g‘Pm OmZo bJm,
{OgHo$ ’$bñdê$n ~mb ‘Z VWm ~mb {dH$mg Ho$ Aܶ¶Z Ho$ {bE ñdVÝÌ
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ê$n go AbJ-AbJ emImAm| H$m Am{d^m©d hþAm, {OÝh| ~mb ‘Zmo{dkmZ VWm
{dH$mgmË‘H$ ‘Zmo{dkmZ Ho$ Zm‘ go OmZm J¶m&
1.2 ~mb ‘Zmo{dkmZ
~mb ‘Zmo{dkmZ Xmo eãXm| go {‘bH$a ~Zm h¡- ~mb + ‘Zmo{dkmZ& ~mb
H$m AW© h¡ ~mbH$ AWm©V² dh àmUr Omo àm¡‹T> H$s loUr ‘| Zht Am¶m h¡, Cgo
~mbH$ H$s loUr ‘| aIm OmVm h¡& h‘ ¶h ^r H$h gH$Vo h¢ J^m©dñWm go boH$a
{H$emoamdñWm VH$ H$s Am¶w Ho$ ~ÀMm| H$mo ~mbH$m| H$s loUr ‘| aIm OmVm h¡&
‘Zmo{dkmZ go A{^àm¶ ‘Z Ho$ {dkmZ go h¡& AV… ~mb ‘Zmo{dkmZ go VmËn¶©
{dkmZ H$s Cg emIm go h¡, Omo ~mbH$m| Ho$ ‘Z (ì¶dhmam|) H$m Aܶ¶Z
J^m©dñWm go boH$a {H$emoamdñWm VH$ H$aVr h¡&
~mb ‘Zmo{dkmZ Ho$ AW© H$mo ñnîQ> H$aZo Ho$ {bE {d{^ÝZ ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m|
Zo AZoH$ n[a^mfmE± Xr h¡, CZ‘| go Hw$N> n[a^mfmE± {ZåZ{b{IV h¢-
1. H«$mo Am¡a H«$mo Ho$ AZwgma-
~mb ‘Zmo{dkmZ, dh d¡km{ZH$ Aܶ¶Z h¡, Omo ì¶p³V Ho$ {dH$mg H$m Aܶ¶Z
J^©H$mb H$s àmapå^H$ AdñWm go {H$emoamdñWm VH$ H$aVm h¡&
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
n¥îR> 1
2. Ooåg S>´oda Ho$ AZwgma-
~mb ‘Zmo{dkmZ ‘Zmo{dkmZ H$s dh emIm h¡, Omo àmUr Ho$ {dH$mg H$m Aܶ¶Z OÝ‘
go n[an³dmñWm VH$ H$aVr h¡&
Cn¶w©³V n[a^mfmAm| go ñnîQ> h¡ {H$ ~mb ‘Zmo{dkmZ ~mbH$m| Ho$
{dH$mg Am¡a ì¶dhma Ho$ g^r njm| H$m Aܶ¶Z J^m©dñWm go {H$emoamdñWm
VH$ d¡km{ZH$ VarH$m| go H$aVm h¡, ³¶m|{H$ àmUr H$m OrdZ OÝ‘ go Zht A{nVw
J^m©YmZ Ho$ g‘¶ go hr àmaå^ hmoVm h¡& AV… ~mb ‘Zmo{dkmZ Bgr {dH$mg H$m
Aܶ¶Z J^m©dñWm go {H$emoamdñWm VH$ H$aVm h¡&
1.3 {dH$mgmË‘H$ ‘Zmo{dkmZ
gmYmaUV¶m ~mb ‘Zmo{dkmZ Am¡a {dH$mgmË‘H$ ‘Zmo{dkmZ H$mo EH$ hr AW©
‘| {b¶m OmVm h¡, {H$ÝVw XmoZm| ‘| n¶m©á AÝVa h¡& ~mb ‘Zmo{dkmZ ~mbH$ Ho$
{dH$mg H$m Aܶ¶Z Ho$db {H$emoamdñWm VH$ hr H$aVm h¡ O~{H$ {dH$mgmË‘H$
‘Zmo{dkmZ A˶ÝV hr {dñV¥V Am¡a ì¶mnH$ h¡& ¶h àmUr Ho$ {dH$mg H$m
Aܶ¶Z OÝ‘ nyd© go boH$a OrdZ n¶©ÝV H$aVm h¡& {dH$mg EH$ H«${‘H$ à{H«$¶m
h¡, Omo OrdZ-n¶©ÝV {H$gr Z {H$gr ê$n ‘| MbVr ahVr h¡&
{dH$mg H«$‘ ‘| hmoZo dmbo n[adV©Z g‘mZ Zht hmoVo h¢& OrdZ H$s
àmapå^H$ AdñWm ‘| aMZmË‘H$ n[adV©Z hmoVo h¢, ³¶m|{H$ OrdZ Ho$ nydm©Õ© ‘|
d¥{Õ Vrd« J{V go hmoVr h¡& OrdZ Ho$ CÎmamÕ© ‘| {dZmemË‘H$ n[adV©Z hmoVm
h¡& aMZmË‘H$ n[adV©Z àmUr ‘| n[an³dVm bmVo h¢ Am¡a {dZmemË‘H$ n[adV©Z
àmUr H$mo d¥ÕmdñWm H$s Amoa bo OmVo h¢& OrdZ Ho$ CÎmamÕ© ‘| {dZmemË‘H$
n[adV©Z hmoVo h¢& ~mb ‘Zmo{dkmZ Ho$db ~më¶H$mb ‘| hmoZo dmbo aMZmË‘H$
n[adV©Zm| H$m hr Aܶ¶Z H$aVm h¡, O~{H$ {dH$mgmË‘H$ ‘Zmo{dkmZ EH$ ì¶mnH$
à˶¶ h¡, Omo àmUr Ho$ {dH$mg H$s {d{^ÝZ emar[aH$ Am¡a ‘mZ{gH$ XemAm| VWm
n[adV©Zm| H$m Aܶ¶Z J^m©YmZ go boH$a d¥ÕmdñWm VH$ H$aVm h¡&
1.4 ~mb ‘Zmo{dkmZ Ed§ {dH$mgmË‘H$
‘Zmo{dkmZ ‘| AÝVa
¶Ú{n {dH$mgmË‘H$ ‘Zmo{dkmZ ~mb ‘Zmo{dkmZ H$s hr EH$ emIm h¡, {H$ÝVw
XmoZm| Ho$ CÔoí¶, H$m¶© joÌ Am¡a ÑpîQ>H$moU ‘| n¶m©á AÝVa h¡& Bg AÝVa H$mo
{ZåZ AmYma na g‘Pm Om gH$Vm h¡-
1. joÌ ‘| AÝVa
{dH$mgmË‘H$ ‘Zmo{dkmZ H$m joÌ A˶ÝV ì¶mnH$ d {dñV¥V h¡& ¶h ~mb
‘Zmo{dkmZ H$m {dñVma h¡, ³¶m|{H$ ¶h àmUr Ho$ {dH$mg H$m Aܶ¶Z OÝ‘ nyd©
 n¥îR> 2
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
go boH$a d¥ÕmdñWm VH$ H$aVm h¡& ¶h gånyU© Ord Ho$ {dH$mg go gå~pÝYV
h¡& BgHo$ {dnarV ~mb ‘Zmo{dkmZ H$m joÌ Ho$db {H$emoamdñWm VH$ hr gr{‘V
h¡& {dH$mgmË‘H$ ‘Zmo{dkmZ Ho$ joÌ H$s ì¶mnH$Vm Bg ~mV go ^r kmV hmoVr
h¡ {H$ {dH$mgmË‘H$ ‘Zmo{dkmZ àmUr Ho$ {dH$mg H«$‘ ‘| hmoZo dmbo aMZmË‘H$
VWm {dZmemË‘H$ XmoZm| àH$ma Ho$ n[adV©Zm| H$m Aܶ¶Z H$aVm h¡, O~{H$ ~mb
‘Zmo{dkmZ Ho$db ~mbH$m| Ho$ aMZmË‘H$ n[adV©Zm| H$m hr Aܶ¶Z H$aVm h¡&
2. CÔoí¶ ‘| AÝVa
~mb ‘Zmo{dkmZ H$m ‘w»¶ CÔoí¶ ~mbH$ Ho$ ‘Z Am¡a ì¶dhmam| H$mo g‘PZm h¡&
Bg àH$ma Ho$ Aܶ¶Z go e¡{jH$ {ZX}eZ ‘| ghm¶Vm {‘bVr h¡& BgHo$ {dnarV
{dH$mgmË‘H$ ‘Zmo{dkmZ H$m CÔoí¶ ~mbH$ Ho$ ^yV Am¡a ^{dî¶ H$mo CZHo$
dV©‘mZ go Omo‹S>Zm h¡& Bg H$maU {dH$mgmË‘H$ ‘Zmo{dkmZ {dH$mg H$s g^r
AdñWmAm| H$m Aܶ¶Z H$aVm h¡& BgH$m à‘wI CÔoí¶ àmUr H$s j‘VmAm| Ho$
{dH$mg H$s {Xem d J{V {ZYm©[aV H$aZm h¡&
3. ÑpîQ>H$moU ‘| AÝVa
~mb ‘Zmo{dkmZ ~mbH$ H$s j‘VmAm| H$m Aܶ¶Z H$aVm h¡& dh ¶h OmZZo H$m
à¶mg H$aVm h¡ {H$ ~mbH$ Ho$ AÝXa H$m¡Z-H$m¡Zgr j‘VmE± {dÚ‘mZ h¢& CZHo$
ì¶dhma àm¡‹T>m| go {H$g àH$ma {^ÝZ h¢& {dH$mgmË‘H$ ‘Zmo{dkmZ ~mbH$ H$s
j‘VmAm| Ho$ {dH$mg Ho$ Aܶ¶Z na ~b XoVm h¡, {OgHo$ AmYma na AmO Ho$
~mbH$ H$mo H$b Ho$ {bE àm¡‹T>Vm àmá hmo gHo$&
Bg àH$ma Cn¶w©³V {ddaU go ~mb ‘Zmo{dkmZ VWm {dH$mgmË‘H$
‘Zmo{dkmZ ‘| n¶m©á AÝVa {XIm¶r XoVm h¡&
1.5 ~mb {dH$mg H$m AW©
~mb {dH$mg go VmËn¶© ~mbH$m| Ho$ gdmªJrU {dH$mg go h¡& ~mb {dH$mg H$m
Aܶ¶Z H$aZo Ho$ {bE {dH$mgmË‘H$ ‘Zmo{dkmZ H$s EH$ AbJ emIm ~ZmB©
J¶r Omo ~mbH$m| Ho$ ì¶dhmam| H$m Aܶ¶Z J^m©dñWm go boH$a ‘¥Ë¶wn¶©ÝV H$aVr
h¡, naÝVw dV©‘mZ g‘¶ ‘| Bgo ~mb {dH$mg ‘| n[ad{V©V H$a {X¶m J¶m, ³¶m|{H$
~mb ‘Zmo{dkmZ ‘| Ho$db ~mbH$m| Ho$ ì¶dhmam| H$m Aܶ¶Z {H$¶m OmVm h¡,
O~{H$ ~mb {dH$mg Ho$ AÝVJ©V CZ g^r V϶m| H$m Aܶ¶Z {H$¶m OmVm h¡,
Omo ~mbH$m| Ho$ ì¶dhmam| H$mo EH$ {ZYm©[aV {Xem àXmZ H$a {dH$mg ‘| ghm¶Vm
àXmZ H$aVo h¢& habm°H$ Zo Bg gå~ÝY ‘| H$hm h¡ {H$-
~mb ‘Zmo{dkmZ H$m Zm‘ ~mb {dH$mg Bg{bE ~Xbm J¶m, ³¶m|{H$ A~ ~mbH$ Ho$
{dH$mg Ho$ g‘ñV nhbwAm| na ܶmZ Ho$pÝÐV {H$¶m OmVm h¡, {H$gr EH$ nj na Zht&
1.6 ~mb {dH$mg H$s n[a^mfmE±
~mb {dH$mg Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘| AZoH$ {dÛmZm| Zoo AbJ-AbJ n[a^mfmE± Xr h¢-
1. H«$mo EÊS> H«$mo Ho$ AZwgma-
~mb {dH$mg dh {dkmZ h¡, Omo ~mbH$ Ho$ ì¶dhma H$m Aܶ¶Z J^m©dñWm go
‘¥Ë¶wn¶©ÝV VH$ H$aVm h¡&
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
~mb {dH$mg àJʶ
2. S>m{d©Z Ho$ AZwgma-
~mb {dH$mg ì¶dhmam| H$m dh {dkmZ h¡, Omo ~mbH$ Ho$ ì¶dhma H$m Aܶ¶Z
J^m©dñWm go ‘¥Ë¶wn¶©ÝV VH$ H$aVm h¡&
3. habm°H$ Ho$ AZwgma-
~mb {dH$mg ‘Zmo{dkmZ H$s dh emIm h¡, Omo J^m©YmZ go boH$a ‘¥Ë¶wn¶©ÝV hmoZo dmbo
‘Zwî¶ Ho$ {dH$mg H$s {d{^ÝZ AdñWmAm| ‘| hmZo dmbo n[adV©Zm| H$m Aܶ¶Z H$aVm h¡&
Bg àH$ma Cn¶w©³V n[a^mfmAm§o go ¶h ñnîQ> hmoVm h¡ {H$ ~mb {dH$mg
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~mb ‘Zmo{dkmZ H$s hr EH$ emIm h¡, Omo ~mbH$m| Ho$ {dH$mg, ì¶dhma, {dH$mg
H$mo à^m{dV H$aZo dmbo {d{^ÝZ VÎdm| H$m Aܶ¶Z H$aVr h¡&
1.7 ~mb {dH$mg Ho$ joÌ
~mb {dH$mg H$m joÌ A˶ÝV hr {dñV¥V Am¡a ì¶mnH$ h¡& ¶h ~mbH$ Ho$
{dH$mg Ho$ g^r Am¶m‘m|, ñdê$nm|, Agm‘mݶVmAm|, emar[aH$ d ‘mZ{gH$
www.praganya.org n[adV©Zm| VWm CZH$mo à^m{dV H$aZo dmbo VÎdm|, O¡go- n[an³dVm Am¡a
{ejU, d§emZwH«$‘ Am¡a dmVmdaU Am{X g^r H$m Aܶ¶Z H$aVm h¡& ~mb
{dH$mg Ho$ joÌ Ho$ AÝVJ©V {ZåZ{b{IV ~mVm| H$mo gpå‘{bV {H$¶m OmVm h¡-
1. ~mb {dH$mg H$s {d{^ÝZ AdñWmAm| H$m Aܶ¶Z
àmUr Ho$ OrdZ àgma ‘| AZoH$ AdñWmE± hmoVr h¢& O¡go- J^©H$mbrZ AdñWm,
e¡edmdñWm, ~MnZmdñWm, ~më¶mdñWm, d¶ g§{Y Am¡a {H$emoamdñWm& ~mb
{dH$mg Ho$db ~më¶mdñWm H$m hr Aܶ¶Z Zht H$aVm A{nVw {dH$mg H«$‘ H$s
g^r AdñWmAm| Ho$ emar[aH$, ‘mZ{gH$, gm‘m{OH$, g§doJmË‘H$, ~m¡{ÕH$ Am{X
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g^r nhbwAm| H$m Aܶ¶Z H$aVm h¡&
{dH$mg H«$‘ H$s à˶oH$ AdñWm AnZr EH$ AbJ {deofVm aIVr h¡&
à˶oH$ AdñWm ‘| nhþ±MZo na ~mbH$ H$s emar[aH$ d ‘mZ{gH$ {H«$¶mAm| H$m
ñdê$n ~Xb OmVm h¡, ³¶m|{H$ {ZV Z¶r n[apñW{V¶m| Ho$ gmW g‘m¶moOZ H$aZo
Ho$ {bE ~mbH$ AnZo ì¶dhma à{V‘mZm| ‘| n[adV©Z H$a boVm h¡&
2. ~mb {dH$mg Ho$ {d{^ÝZ nhbwAm| H$m Aܶ¶Z
~mb {dH$mg ~mbH$ Ho$ {H$gr EH$ hr joÌ go gå~pÝYV Zht hmoVm h¡& BgHo$
AÝVJ©V {dH$mg Ho$ {d{^ÝZ nhbwAm|… O¡go- emar[aH$ {dH$mg, ‘mZ{gH$
{dH$mg, g§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mg, gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg, {H«$¶mË‘H$ {dH$mg, ^mfm
{dH$mg, Z¡{VH$ {dH$mg, Mm[a{ÌH$ {dH$mg Am¡a ì¶p³VËd {dH$mg g^r H$m
{dñVmanyd©H$ Aܶ¶Z {H$¶m OmVm h¡&
3. ~mb {dH$mg H$mo à^m{dV H$aZo dmbo VÎdm| H$m Aܶ¶Z
~mb {dH$mg CZ g^r VÎdm| H$m Aܶ¶Z H$aVm h¡, Omo ~mbH$ Ho$ {dH$mg H$mo
à˶j d Aà˶j ê$n go à^m{dV H$aVo h¢& ~mbH$ Ho$ {dH$mg na à‘wI ê$n
go d§e naånam Am¡a dmVmdaU VWm n[an³dVm Am¡a {ejU H$m à^md n‹S>Vm
h¡& ~mb {dH$mg H$s à{H«$¶m ‘| BZ VÎdm| Ho$ H$maU ~mbH$ H$m ì¶p³VËd EH$
{deof ê$n J«hU H$aVm h¡& d§e naånam ~mbH$m| H$mo J^m©YmZ Ho$ g‘¶ hr
CZHo$ ‘mVm-{nVm VWm nyd©Om| Ho$ {d{^ÝZ emar[aH$ d ‘mZ{gH$ JwU, ¶mo½¶VmE±
d j‘VmE± àXmZ H$a XoVr h¡, {OZH$m à^md OÝ‘ Ho$ ~mX AmOrdZ ~mbH$ Ho$
 àJʶ ~mb {dH$mg
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
{dH$mg Ho$ {d{^ÝZ nhbwAm| na n‹S>Vm h¡& OÝ‘ Ho$ ~mX Omo VÎd ~mbH$ Ho$
{dH$mg H$mo à^m{dV H$aVo h¢, do g^r dmVmdaUr¶ hmoVo h¢& dmVmdaUr¶ VÎd
^r à˶j d Aà˶j ê$n go {ZaÝVa ~mbH$ Ho$ {dH$mg H$mo {d{^ÝZ ê$nm| ‘|
à^m{dV H$aVo ahVo h¢&
n[an³dVm Am¡a {ejU ^r ~mb {dH$mg na AnZm A˶{YH$ à^md
S>mbVo h¢& n[an³dVm AmÝV[aH$ hmoVr h¡ Am¡a {ejU ~mø dmVmdaU go àmá
hmoVm h¡& ~mbH$ Ho$ g‘w{MV {dH$mg Ho$ {bE XmoZm| H$m hmoZm Amdí¶H$ hmoVm h¡&
Bg àH$ma ~mb$ {dH$mg ~mbH$m| Ho$ {dH$mg H$m Aܶ¶Z H$aVo g‘¶ {dH$mg
H$mo à^m{dV H$aZo dmbo g^r VÎdm| H$m ^r Aܶ¶Z H$aVm h¡&
4. ~mbH$m| H$s {d{^ÝZ Agm‘mݶVmAm| H$m Aܶ¶Z
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~mb {dH$mg Ho$ AÝVJ©V Ho$db gm‘mݶ ~mbH$m| Ho$ {dH$mg H$m hr Aܶ¶Z Zht
{H$¶m OmVm, ~pëH$ ~mbH$m| Ho$ OrdZ {dH$mg H«$‘ ‘| hmoZo dmbr Agm‘mݶVmAm|
Am¡a {dH¥${V¶m| H$m ^r Aܶ¶Z {H$¶m OmVm h¡& ~mb {dH$mg, AgÝVw{bV
ì¶dhmam|, ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mam|, ~m¡{ÕH$ Xþ~©bVmAm| VWm ~mb AnamYm| Ho$ H$maUm|
H$mo OmZZo H$m à¶mg H$aVm h¡ Am¡a {ZamH$aU hoVw Cnm¶ ^r ~VmVm h¡&
5. ‘mZ{gH$ ñdmñ϶ {dkmZ H$m Aܶ¶Z
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~mb {dH$mg Ho$db ‘mZ{gH$ Xþ~©bVmAm| Am¡a amoJm| H$m hr Aܶ¶Z Zht H$aVm,
~pëH$ {d{^ÝZ ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ VarH$m| go CZHo$ CnMma ^r àñVwV H$aVm h¡&
‘Zmo{M{H$Ëgm ~mb ‘Zmo{dkmZ Am¡a ~mb {dH$mg H$s hr XoZ h¡&
6. ~mb ì¶dhmam| Am¡a AÝV… {H«$¶mAm| H$m Aܶ¶Z
‘Zwî¶ J{Verb d gm‘m{OH$ àmUr h¡& {d{^ÝZ Am¶w ñVam| na dh AnZo
g‘m¶moOZ Ho$ {bE AnZo gånH©$ ‘| AmZo dmbo ì¶p³V¶m|, O¡go-n[adma Ho$
bmoJ, n‹S>mogr, AܶmnH$, Iob Ho$ gmWr Am¡a g‘mO ‘| g^r n[a{MVm| Ho$ gmW
AÝV… {H«$¶mE± H$aVm ahVm h¡& ~mb {dH$mg, {dH$mg H$s {d{^ÝZ AdñWmAm| ‘|
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hmoZo dmbr ~mbH$ H$s {d{^ÝZ AÝV… {H«$¶mAm| H$m Aܶ¶Z H$a ¶h OmZZo H$m
à¶mg H$aVm h¡ {H$ ¶o {H«$¶mE± H$m¡Z-gr h¢ Am¡a BZgo ~mbH$m| Ho$ ì¶dhma ‘|
³¶m n[adV©Z hmoVo h¢, ¶o n[adV©Z g‘m¶moOZ ‘| ghm¶H$ h¡ ¶m ~mYH$& ~mbH$
Ho$ g‘w{MV {dH$mg VWm g‘m¶moOZ Ho$ {bE ¶o AÝV… {H«$¶mE± Amdí¶H$ h¢&
7. ~mbH$m| H$s ê${M¶m| H$m Aܶ¶Z
~mb {dH$mg ~mbH$m| H$s ê${M¶m| H$m Aܶ¶Z H$a CÝh| e¡{jH$ Am¡a ì¶mdgm{¶H$
{ZX}eZ àXmZ H$aVm h¡& ê${M¶m± EH$ A{O©V ì¶dhma h¡, Omo OÝ‘OmV Zht hmoVr
h¡, ~pëH$ grIr OmVr h¡& ê${M¶m± H$m¶© H$aVr h¢ Am¡a bú¶ H$s ny{V© H$mo AmgmZ
~ZmVr h¢& ¶{X ~mbH$ H$mo {H$gr H$m¶© ‘| ê${M hmoVr h¡, Vmo dh Cgo erK«Vm go
A{YH$ ‘Zmo¶moJ Ho$ gmW nyam H$a boVm h¡&
8. ~mbH$m| H$s {d{^ÝZ ‘mZ{gH$ à{H«$¶mAm| H$m Aܶ¶Z
~mb {dH$mg ~mbH$m| Ho$ ~m¡{ÕH$ {dH$mg H$s {d{^ÝZ ‘mZ{gH$ à{H«$¶mAm|,
O¡go- A{YJ‘, H$ënZm, {MÝVZ, VH©$, ñ‘¥{V VWm à˶jrH$aU Am{X H$m
Aܶ¶Z H$aVm h¡& ~mb {dH$mg ¶h OmZZo H$m à¶mg H$aVm h¡ {H$ {d{^ÝZ
Am¶w ñVam| ‘| ¶o ‘mZ{gH$ à{H«$¶mE± {H$g ê$n ‘| nm¶r OmVr h¢ Am¡a CZHo$
{dH$mg H$s J{V ³¶m hmoVr h¡& Bgr Ho$ AmYma na ‘mZ{gH$ à{H«$¶mAm| H$m
{dH$mg {H$¶m OmVm h¡&
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
n¥îR> 3
9. ~mbH$m| H$s d¡¶p³VH$ {d{^ÝZVmAm| H$m Aܶ¶Z
¶Ú{n g^r Am¶w ñVam| na {dH$mg H$m EH$ {ZpíMV à{Vê$n hmoVm h¡, bo{H$Z
{’$a ^r à˶oH$ joÌ ‘| g^r ~mbH$m| H$m {dH$mg H$m EH$ {ZpíMV à{Vê$n hmoVm
h¡& emar[aH$ {dH$mg ‘| Hw$N> ~mbH$ A{YH$ bå~o, Hw$N> ZmQ>o VWm Hw$N> gm‘mݶ
bå~mB© Ho$ hmoVo h¢& Bgr àH$ma ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg ‘| ^r Hw$N> à{V^membr,
Hw$N> gm‘mݶ Am¡a Hw$N> ‘ÝX ~w{Õ hmoVo h¢& Bgr àH$ma Hw$N> ~mbH$ gm‘m{OH$
VWm ~{h‘w©Ir hmoVo h¢, O~{H$ Hw$N> AÝV‘w©Ir& AV… {dH$mg Ho$ g^r joÌm| ‘|
ì¶p³VJV {^ÝZVm nm¶r OmVr h¡&
10. ~mbH$m| Ho$ ì¶p³VËd H$m ‘yë¶m§H$Z
~mb {dH$mg Ho$ AÝVJ©V ~mbH$m| H$s {d{^ÝZ emar[aH$$ Am¡a ‘mZ{gH$ ¶mo½¶VmAm|
H$m ‘mnZ d ‘yë¶m§H$Z {H$¶m OmVm h¡& ¶mo½¶VmAm| Ho$ ‘mnZ d ‘yë¶m§H$Z Ho$ {bE
~mb {dH$mg Ho$ joÌ ‘| ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| Ûmam {ZV Z¶o d¡km{ZH$ VWm à‘mnrH¥$V
narjUm| H$m {Z‘m©U {H$¶m OmVm h¡& ¶o narjU {d{^ÝZ Am¶w ñVam| na ~mbH$m|
H$s ¶mo½¶VmAm| H$m ‘mnZ H$a CZHo$ ì¶p³VËd H$m ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$aVo h¢&
11. ~mbH$-A{^^mdH$ gå~ÝYm| H$m Aܶ¶Z
OÝ‘ Ho$ níMmV² g~go nhbo ~mbH$ H$mo AnZo ‘mVm-{nVm H$m g§ajU àmá
hmoVm h¡& ~mbH$ Ho$ ì¶p³VËd {ZYm©aU Am¡a g‘w{MV {dH$mg ‘| ‘mVm-{nVm H$m
‘hÎdnyU© ¶moJXmZ hmoVm h¡& {OZ ~mbH$m| Ho$ gå~ÝY AnZo ‘mVm-{nVm Ho$ gmW
AÀN>o Zht hmoVo h¢, do A³ga Hw$g‘m¶mo{OV Am¡a AnamYr àd¥[Îm Ho$ hmo OmVo h¢&
~mb {dH$mg, ~mbH$-A{^^mdH$ gå~ÝYm| Ho$ {ZYm©aH$ VÎdm| VWm g‘ñ¶mAm|
Am¡a CZHo$ {ZamH$aU H$m Aܶ¶Z H$a ‘mVm-{nVm VWm ~mbH$m| Ho$ ~rM AÀN>o
gå~ÝY {dH${gV H$aZo H$m à¶mg H$aVm h¡, {Oggo ~mbH$ n[adma, g‘mO d
amîQ´> Ho$ AÀN>o ZmJ[aH$ Ho$ ê$n ‘| {dH${gV hmo gH|$&
1.8 ~mb {dH$mg Ho$ Aܶ¶Z H$m ‘hÎd
dV©‘mZ g‘¶ ‘| ~mb {dH$mg ^r Aݶ gm‘m{OH$ {dkmZm| H$s Vah EH$ ñdVÝÌ
{dkmZ h¡& BgH$m Aܶ¶Z gånyU© ‘mZd {dH$mg H$s BH$mB© ‘mZm OmVm h¡,
Bg{bE H«$mo EÊS> H«$mo Zo H$hm {H$-
ì¶p³V VWm g‘mO Ho$ H$ë¶mU Ho$ joÌ ‘| ê${M aIZo dmbo ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$, {ejH$,
A{^^mdH$, gm‘m{OH$ H$m¶©H$Vm© ~mbH$m| Ho$ Aܶ¶Z H$mo ‘hÎd XoZo bJo h¢& ~mbH$
ì¶p³V H$m {nVm h¡ ~mbH$ Ho$ àW‘ N>… df© ‘hÎdnyU© hmoVo h¢, Am{X bmoH$mop³V¶m| Zo
~mb {dH$mg Ho$ Aܶ¶Z Ho$ ‘hÎd H$mo ~‹T>m¶m hr h¡&
Bg àH$ma ~mb {dH$mg H$m Aܶ¶Z g^r Ho$ {bE Cn¶moJr h¡& ~mbH$
{H$gr ^r g‘mO d amîQ´> H$s AmYma{ebm h¡& CZH$m ñdñW {dH$mg g‘mO d
amîQ´ H$s àJ{V ‘| ¶moJXmZ XoVm h¡& ‘mVm-{nVm ^r ~mb Aܶ¶Z Ho$ Ûmam AnZo
~ÀMo H$mo g‘mO Ho$ AÀN>o ZmJ[aH$ Ho$ ê$n ‘| {dH${gV H$a gH$Vo h¢& CgH$s
à{V^mAm| H$mo OmZH$a CgH$s {ejm H$s C{MV ì¶dñWm H$a gH$Vo h¢&
~mb {dH$mg H$m Aܶ¶Z ‘mVm-{nVm VWm Aݶ bmoJm| Ho$ {bE {ZåZ
ê$nm| ‘| bm^H$mar hmo gH$Vm h¡-
1. {dH$mgmË‘H$ {H«$¶mAm| H$m kmZ àmá hmoZm
{dH$mg H$s à{H«$¶m Ho$ Xm¡amZ à˶oH$ ~mbH$ {H$gr {d{eîQ> Am¶w ‘| Hw$N> {d{eîQ>
 n¥îR> 4 ~mb {dH$mg
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
JwU àX{e©V H$aVm h¡, Omo Cggo nyd© ¶m ~mX H$s AdñWmAm| ‘| ¶m Vmo hmoVo hr
Zht h¢ ¶m ¶{X hmoVo ^r h¢, Vmo gm‘mݶ hmoVo h¢ {d{eîQ> Zht& BÝht {d{eîQ> JwUm|
H$mo {dH$mgmË‘H$ {H«$¶mE± H$hm OmVm h¡& BZ {dH$mgmË‘H$ {H«$¶mAm| Ho$ AmYma na
~mbH$ Ho$ {dH$mg H$s ^{dî¶dmUr H$s Om gH$Vr h¡ Am¡a {dH$mgmË‘H$ {H«$¶mAm|
Ho$ AZwgma CZ JwUm| H$mo {dH${gV H$aZo Ho$ {bE gmYZ d gw{dYmE± àXmZ H$s
Om gH$Vr h¢& O¡go- OÝ‘ Ho$ ~mX 1-12 ‘mh H$s Am¶w ‘| ~mbH$ MbZo H$s
{H«$¶mE± H$aZo bJVm h¡, 3-4 ‘mh ‘| ^mfm {dH$mg hmoZo bJVm h¡ Am{X g^r
{H«$¶mE± AdñWm {deof H$s {dH$mgmË‘H$ {H«$¶mE± h¢&
2. ~mb nmofU {d{Y¶m| H$m kmZ
~mb {dH$mg Ho$ Aܶ¶Z go ‘mVm-{nVm VWm A[^^mdH$m| H$mo ~mb nmofU
{d{Y¶m| H$m kmZ àmá hmo OmVm h¡& à˶oH$ ‘mVm-{nVm àW‘ {eew Ho$ OÝ‘ Ho$
g‘¶ ~mb nmofU Ho$ kmZ go AZ{^k hmoVo h¢, bo{H$Z ~mb {dH$mg H$m Aܶ¶Z
‘mVm-{nVm H$mo ‘mV¥Ëd VWm {nV¥Ëd Ho$ Xm{¶Ëd O¡go Jå^ra àíZm| H$mo hb H$aHo$
~mb nmofU H$mo ghO ~ZmVm h¡&
3. ì¶p³V {d{^ÝZVmAm| H$s OmZH$mar àmá hmoZm
¶Ú{n {dH$mg H$m EH$ {ZpíMV à{V‘mZ hmoVm h¡ Am¡a à˶oH$ {dH$mgmdñWm H$s
AnZr Hw$N> à‘wI {deofVmE± hmoVr h¢ {’$a ^r OÝ‘ Ho$ ~mX Xmo ~mbH$m| Ho$ {dH$mg
‘| g‘mZVm Zht nm¶r OmVr h¡, O¡go- EH$ ~mbH$ Hw$emJ« ~w{Õ hmoVm h¡, O~{H$
Xÿgam gm‘mݶ ~w{Õ& ~mb {dH$mg Ho$ Aܶ¶Z go ì¶p³VJV {d{^ÝZVmAm| H$m
nVm MbVm h¡, {Oggo ~mbH$m| Ho$ {ejm {ZX}eZ ‘| ghm¶Vm {‘bVr h¡&
4. {dH$mg H$s AdñWmAm| H$m kmZ
~mb {dH$mg H$m Aܶ¶Z ‘mVm-{nVm H$mo ¶h OmZH$mar àXmZ H$aVm h¡ {H$
J^©dñWm go boH$a ~mbH$ àm¡‹T>mdñWm VH$ {H$g àH$ma {dH${gV hmoVm h¡&
OrdZ H$s {d{^ÝZ AdñWmAm| ‘| {dH$mg Ho$ {d{^ÝZ nhbwAm| ‘| H$m¡Z-H$m¡Z go
n[adV©Z hm|Jo& {dH$mg H$s AdñWm H$s OmZH$mar àmá H$a ‘mVm-{nVm ~mbH$m|
Ho$ g‘w{MV {dH$mg ‘| AnZm ¶moJXmZ Xo gH$Vo h¢&
5. ~mbH$m| Ho$ à{ejU VWm {ejm ‘| Cn¶moJr
~mb {dH$mg Ho$ Aܶ¶Z go ¶h OmZH$mar {‘bVr h¡ {H$ {H$g AdñWm ‘| ~mbH$
{H$VZr ‘mZ{gH$ ¶mo½¶Vm aIVm h¡& ~ÀMo H$s ‘mZ{gH$ ¶mo½¶Vm Am¡a ~w{Õ Ho$
AZwgma hr CgHo$ à{ejU VWm {ejm H$s ì¶dñWm H$s OmVr h¡ VWm {d{^ÝZ
H$jmAm| ‘| CgH$s ¶mo½¶VmZwgma hr nmR²>¶H«$‘ V¡¶ma {H$¶m OmVm h¡&
6. ~mbH$m| Ho$ ì¶p³VËd {Z‘m©U ‘| ghm¶H$
~mb {dH$mg H$m Aܶ¶Z ~mb {dH$mg H$o {d{^ÝZ nhbwAm| H$s OmZH$mar àXmZ
H$aVm h¡, {Oggo ‘mVm-{nVm, A{^^mdH$m| VWm {ejH$m| H$mo ¶h OmZH$mar
àmá hmoVr h¡ {H$ ~mbH Ho$ ì¶p³VËd {Z‘m©U ‘| H$m¡Z-go VÎd ghm¶H$ h¢ Am¡a
H$m¡Z-go ~mYH$& H$m¡Z-go VÎd ì¶p³VËd {dH$mg Ho$ {bE na‘ Amdí¶H$ h¢
Am¡a H$m¡Z-go ~mYH$& Am{X ~mV| ~mb {dH$mg Ho$ Aܶ¶Z go hr kmV hmoVr h¢,
{OÝh| OmZH$a ~mbH$m| Ho$ ì¶p³VËd {dH$mg ‘| ghm¶Vm àmá hmoVr h¡&
7. ~mbH$m| Ho$ ì¶dhmam| H$mo {Z¶pÝÌV H$aZo ‘| ghm¶H$
~mb {dH$mg H$m à‘wI CÔoí¶ ~mbH$m| H$m g‘w{MV {dH$mg H$a CÝh| g‘mO d
Xoe Ho$ AÀN>o ZmJ[aH$ Ho$ ê$n ‘| {dH${gV H$aZm h¡& {H$gr ^r ~mbH$ H$mo g‘mO
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
àJʶ
V^r ñdrH$ma H$aVm h¡, O~{H$ CgH$m emar[aH$ d ‘mZ{gH$ ê$n go ì¶dhma
gm‘mݶ hmo& ~mb {dH$mg H$m Aܶ¶Z ‘mVm-{nVm VWm {ejH$m| H$mo Bg ~mV
Ho$ {bE ào[aV H$aVm h¡ {H$ dh àmaå^ go hr ~mbH$m| H$mo Bg àH$ma H$m {ZX}eZ
Xo {H$ à˶oH$ joÌ ‘| CZH$m ì¶dhma {Z¶pÝÌV d gm‘mݶ hmo&
8. ~mbH$m| Ho$ ñd^md H$mo g‘PZo ‘| ghm¶H$
{dH$mg H$s {d{^ÝZ AdñWmAm| ‘| g^r ~mbH$m| Ho$ ñd^md ‘| n[adV©Z hmoVm
ahVm h¡& Hw$N> ~mbH$m| H$m {dH$mg Vrd« J{V go hmoVm h¡ dh AnZo à˶oH$
dmVmdaU Ho$ gmW AmgmZr go g‘m¶moOZ H$a gH$Vo h¢, O~{H$ AÝV‘w©Ir
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~mbH$m| H$mo ¶{X C{MV {ZX}eZ àmá Zht hmoVm h¡ Vmo CZH$m {dH$mg Hw§${R>V hmo
OmVm h¡, ³¶m|{H$ dh AnZr Amdí¶H$VmAm| H$mo ‘hgyg Vmo H$aVo h¢, bo{H$Z
CZH$m àH$Q>rH$aU Zht H$a nmVo h¢& ~mb {dH$mg H$m Aܶ¶Z Eogo ~mbH$m| Ho$
ñd^md H$mo g‘PZo VWm CÝh| C{MV {ZX}eZ XoH$a CZHo$ {dH$mg ‘| ghm¶Vm
àXmZ H$aVm h¡&
9. ~mbH$ Ho$ {dH$mg Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘| nydm©Zw‘mZ
www.praganya.org H$hmdV h¡ {H$ nyV Ho$ nm±d nmbZo ‘| hr {XIm¶r XoVo h¢& ~mb {dH$mg H$m kmZ
Bg H$hmdV H$s nwpîQ> H$aVm h¡& ~mb {dH$mg Am¡a ~mb ì¶dhma Ho$ Aܶ¶Z
Ûmam ~ÀMo Ho$ ^mdr {dH$mg Ho$ Aܶ¶Z ‘| ^{dî¶dmÊmr H$s Om gH$Vr h¡& ¶{X
{H$gr ~mbH$ H$m {dH$mg Am¶w Ho$ {d{^ÝZ ñVam| na Vrd« J{V go hmoVm h¡, Vmo
H$hm Om gH$Vm h¡ {H$ ~mbH$ à{V^membr hmoJm, Bgr àH$ma ¶{X gm‘mݶ T>§J
go hmoVm h¡, Vmo H$hm Om gH$Vm h¡ {H$ ~mbH$ gm‘mݶ hmoJm& ¶{X ‘ÝX J{V go
hmoJm Vmo ~mbH$ ‘ÝX ~w{Õ hmoJm&
10. n[adma ¶m g‘mO H$s gwI-g‘¥{Õ ‘| ghm¶H$
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~mb {dH$mg H$m Aܶ¶Z Ho$db ~mbH$m| H$m hr gdmªJrU {dH$mg Zht H$aVm
A{nVw ~mbH$m| Ho$ C{MV {dH$mg Ûmam n[adma d g‘mO H$s empÝV VWm gwI
g‘¥{Õ ‘| ghm¶Vm àXmZ H$aVm h¡, ³¶m|{H$ AmO H$m ~mbH$ hr ^{dî¶ H$m {nVm
VWm amîQ>´ {Z‘m©Vm h¡& ~mbH$ H$m ‘Z EH$ H$ÀMr {‘År Ho$ K‹S>o Ho$ g‘mZ h¡&
AV… ¶h H$hm Om gH$Vm h¡¡ {H$ AܶmnH$ d A{^^mdH$ ‘| ~ÀMm| H$s
g’$bVm Ho$ {b¶o CÝh| {dH$mg Ho$ ~mao ‘| nVm hmoZm Mm{hE, {Oggo ¶h kmV
hmo gHo$ {H$ ~mbH$ H¡$go {dH${gV hmo ahm h¡& ¶{X BgH$m à¶moJ Zht hmoVm, Vmo
~mbH$ H$m {dH$mg hr ~mbH$ H$s àJ{V ‘| ~mYH$ hmoVm h¡& ¶hm± ¶h H$hm Om
gH$Vm h¡ {H$ AܶmnH$ d A{^^mdH$m| H$mo ~mbH$ Ho$ {dH$mg H$s {Xem H$m nyU©
kmZ hmoZm Mm{hE&
1.9 ~mb {dH$mg Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘o àM{bV ^«m{ÝV¶m±
Am¡a naånamJV {dídmg
¶Ú{n 20dt eVmãXr ‘| ~mb-{dH$mg {df¶ H$m A˶{YH$ {dH$mg hþAm h¡
{’$a ^r dV©‘mZ g‘¶ ‘| ~mbH$m| Am¡a CZHo$ {dH$mg Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘| Hw$N> Eogr
^«mpÝV¶m± Am¡a naånamJV {dídmg h¢, Omo ~mbH$m| H$mo à^m{dV H$aVo h¢& ¶o
^«mpÝV¶m± Ho$db J«m‘rU Am¡a AZn‹T> bmoJm| ‘| hr Zht h¢, ~pëH$ ehar Am¡a
n‹T>o-{bIo ‘mVm-{nVm Am¡a A{^^mdH$m| ‘| ^r h¢& BZ ^«mpÝV¶m| Ho$ H$maU
‘mVm-{nVm H$s nmbZ-nmofU {d{Y¶m± ~mbH$ Ho$ {dH$mg Ho$ {bE Cn¶w³V h¢&
 àJʶ
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
à‘wI naånamJV {dídmg {ZåZ{b{IV h¢-
1. ~më¶mdñWm Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘|
‘mVm-{nVm ‘| ~mbH$m| Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘| à‘wI ^«mpÝV ¶h h¡ {H$-
~mbH$ àm¡‹T> ì¶p³V H$m hr bKwê$n h¡&
Bg ^«mpÝV Ho$ H$maU ‘mVm-{nVm AnZo ~mbH$m| go ¶h Cå‘rX H$aVo
h¢ {H$ do ~më¶mdñWm ‘| hr d¶ñH$m| Ho$ g‘mZ g^r ì¶dhma H$aZo bJ|& ¶{X do
H$aZo ‘| Ag‘W© ahVo h¢, Vmo CÝh| XÊS> {X¶m OmVm h¡, AmbmoMZm H$s OmVr h¡
VWm {VañH$ma {H$¶m OmVm h¡& Bggo ~mb ‘Z na ~wam à^md n‹S>Vm h¡, do hrZ
^mdZm H$m {eH$ma hmo OmVo h¢ Am¡a AmË‘{dídmg Imo XoVo h¢, {Oggo CZH$m
ì¶p³VËd {dH$mg Adê$Õ hmo OmVm h¡&
‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| Zo Bg {dídmg H$m IÊS>Z {H$¶m h¡& CZHo$ AZwgma,
~mbH$ hr àm¡‹T> ~ZVm h¡, {H$ÝVw ~më¶mdñWm ‘| dh àm¡‹T>m| Ho$ g‘mZ n[an³d
Zht hmoVm h¡&
2. ~mbH$m| Ho$ OÝ‘ Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘|
~mbH$m| Ho$ OÝ‘ Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘| ^r Hw$N> YmaUmE± à‘wI h¢, O¡go- Hw$N> bmoJ
‘mZVo h¢ {H$ ew^ ZjÌ ‘| n¡Xm hmoZo dmbm ~ÀMm ^m½¶embr hmoVm h¡ Am¡a CgH$m
OrdZ ñd¶§ Ho$ {bE VWm n[adma Ho$ {bE ‘§JbH$mar hmoVm h¡& Bgr àH$ma Omo
~ÀMm Aew^ ZjÌ ‘| n¡Xm hmoVm h¡ dh A‘§JbH$mar hmoVm h¡ VWm CgH$m OrdZ
n[adma VWm ñd¶§ Ho$ {bE H$îQ>àX hmoVm h¡& Bgr àH$ma gámh Ho$ {d{^ÝZ
{XZm| ‘| OÝ‘ boZo Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘| ^r AbJ-AbJ AdYmaUmE± Am¡a naånamJV
{dídmg h¢& Bgr àH$ma ¶{X {H$gr ~mbH$ Ho$ OÝ‘ Ho$ g‘¶ VWm OÝ‘ Ho$ ~mX
n[adma ‘| H$moB© ew^ H$m¶© hmoVm h¡ Am¡a n[adma H$s àJ{V d g‘¥{Õ hmoVr h¡,
Vmo Cg ~mbH$ H$mo ^m½¶embr ‘mZH$a Cgo Aݶ ~mbH$m| H$s VwbZm ‘| A{YH$
bm‹S>-߶ma {X¶m OmVm h¡&
‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| VWm ~mb {deofkm| Ho$ ‘VmZwgma ¶h YmaUm ^r {ZamYma
h¡& Á¶mo{Vf Ho$ AZwgma ZjÌ d K{‹S>¶m± OrdZ H$mo à^m{dV Adí¶ H$aVr h¢,
{H$ÝVw OÝ‘ go hr {H$gr {eew H$mo ‘§JbH$mar ¶m A‘§JbH$mar Zht ~ZmVr h¢&
à{gÕ {ejmemñÌr ‘¡S>‘ ‘m[a¶m ‘m°ÊQ>ogar Ho$ AZwgma-
~mbH$ ‘| gÀMr ep³V H$m Amdmg hmoVm h¡ VWm CgH$s ‘wñHw$amhQ> hr gm‘m{OH$
ào‘ d Cëbmg H$s AmYma{ebm h¡&
3. d§emZwH«$‘ Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘|
d§emZwH«$‘ Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘| EH$ àM{bV AdYmaUm ¶h h¡ {H$ O¡go ‘mVm-{nVm
hmoVo h¢, d¡gr hr gÝVmZ ^r ~ZVr h¡& ¶{X ‘mVm-{nVm {e{jV, gwg§ñH¥$V VWm
~w{Õ‘mZ h¢, Vmo gÝVmZ| ^r gä¶ VWm gwg§ñH¥$V hm|Jr& ¶{X ‘mVm-{nVm {Zaja
VWm XþamMmar h¢, Vmo CZH$s gÝVmZ| ^r ‘yI© Am¡a XþamMmar ~Z|Jr& Bg àH$ma
{ZîH$f© ê$n ‘| AdYmaUm ¶h h¡ {H$ O¡gm ~rO h¡, d¡gm hr d¥j ~ZoJm Cgo AÀN>m
~ZmZo Ho$ {bE à¶mg H$s Amdí¶H$Vm Zht h¡& nwamZr H$hmdV ^r h¡ {H$ ~mo¶m
no‹S> ~~yb H$m Vmo Am‘ H$hm± go Am¶oJm&
dwS>dW© Ho$ AZwgma-
AmZwd§{eH$Vm Am¡a dmVmdaU H$m gå~ÝY Omo‹S> Ho$ g‘mZ Zht ~pëH$ JwUZ’$b Ho$
g‘mZ h¡&
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
~mb {dH$mg n¥îR> 5
J¡aoQ> Ho$ AZwgma-
Bggo A{YH$ {ZpíMV ~mV Am¡a H$moB© Zht h¡ {H$ AmZwd§{eH$Vm Am¡a dmVmdaU
EH$-Xÿgao H$mo gh¶moJ XoZo dmbo à^md h¢ Am¡a XmoZm| hr ~mbH$ H$s g’$bVm Ho$ {bE
A{Zdm¶© h¢&
4. J^©H$mbrZ à^mdm| Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘|
Hw$N> bmoJm| H$s ¶h AdYmaUm hmoVr h¡ {H$ J^©dVr ‘m± H$s {d{^ÝZ {H«$¶mE±,
O¡go- ^moOZ, naånamJV CnMma, Pm‹S>’y$±H$ VWm gm‘m{OH$ ar{V-[admO Am¡a
naånamE± J^©ñW {eew Ho$ {dH$mg H$mo à^m{dV H$aVr h¢& O¡go- Hw$N> bmoJ ‘mZVo
h¢ {H$ ¶{X IÅm Am¡a MQ>nQ>m ImVr h¡, Vmo ~oQ>m hmoJm& Bg AdYmaUm go Ka Ho$
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gXñ¶ J^©dVr ñÌr H$s XoI^mb H$aVo h¢& à˶oH$ ì¶p³V A{YH$m§eV… nwÌ H$s
hr H$m‘Zm H$aVm h¡& AV… do Cg ñÌr H$s A{YH$ XoI^mb H$aVo h¢, {Oggo
¶h g§Ho$V {‘bVo h¢ {H$ nwÌ H$s àm{á hmoJr& n[adma Ho$ gXñ¶m| Ho$ Bg àH$ma
Ho$ ì¶dhma H$m à^md J^©dVr H$s ‘mZ{gH$ Xem na n‹S>Vm h¡, {Oggo J^©ñW
{eew H$m {dH$mg à^m{dV hmoVm h¡&
J^©H$mbrZ Cn¶w³V d gÝVw{bV ^moOZ, AÀN>m gm{h˶, AÀN>m
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‘Zmoa§OZ, ‘m± H$s gwIXm¶H$ AZw^y{V¶m± g^r Hw$N> J^©ñW {eew Ho$ {dH$mg Ho$
{bE gH$mamË‘H$ hmoVm h¡, {H$ÝVw Bg ~mV ‘| H$moB© V϶ Zht h¡ {H$ J^©YmaU
Ho$ ~mX {eew H$m qbJ n[ad{V©V {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡& {eew OÝ‘ EH$ Abm¡{H$H$
à{H«$¶m h¡& ~oQ>m Am¡a ~oQ>r XmoZm| hr g‘mZ ê$n go ‘hÎdembr Am¡a g‘mZ
j‘VmAm| go ¶w³V hmoVo h¢& H$m°Q>, S>Jbg, pñ‘W Am¡a ~¡{JZ Ho$ eãXm| ‘|-
Bg g§gma ‘| n¡Xm hmoZo dmbm à˶oH$ ~mbH$ ^JdmZ H$m EH$ Z¶m {dMma h¡ VWm
gX¡d VamoVmOm ahZo VWm M‘H$Zo dmbr gå^mdZm h¡&
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5. ¶m¡Z ^oX Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘|
Am{XH$mb go hr ñÌr H$mo {Z~©b Am¡a nwê$f H$mo g~b ‘mZm OmVm h¡& h‘mao
Ym{‘©H$ J«ÝW ^r nwÌr H$s VwbZm ‘| nwÌ OÝ‘ H$s loîR>Vm H$mo Bg{bE A{YH$
‘mZVo h¢ {H$ ‘mVm-{nVm H$mo ‘moj H$s àm{á H$am¶oJm& h‘mao Y‘© Am¡a àmMrZ
‘mݶVmAm| Ho$ H$maU hr ~m{bH$mAm| H$s VwbZm ‘| ~mbH$m| H$mo A{YH$ ‘hÎd
{X¶m OmVm h¡& Hw$N> ñWmZm| na Vmo nwÌr Ho$ OÝ‘ H$mo Aew^ ‘mZm OmVm h¡ Am¡a
OÝ‘ Ho$ ~mX CZH$mo Jbm X~mH$a ‘ma {X¶m OmVm h¡& Omo ‘mVm-{nVm ~mbH$
Am¡a ~m{bH$mAm| ‘| ^oX ‘mZVo h¢, do ~mbH$m| H$mo A{YH$ gw{dYmE± d bm‹S>-߶ma
XoVo h¢ Am¡a ~m{bH$mAm| H$mo H$‘& ‘mVm-{nVm H$s ¶h ^mdZm ~m{bH$mAm| ‘|
hrZ-^mdZm H$m {dH$mg H$aVr h¡ Am¡a CZHo$ {dH$mg H$mo Adê$Õ H$aVr h¡,
{H$ÝVw ‘mVm-{nVm H$s ¶h ^«mpÝV ~mbH$ Am¡a ~m{bH$mAm| XmoZm| H$m g‘w{MV
{dH$mg Zht H$a nmVr h¡, ³¶m|{H$ A{YH$ bm‹S>-߶ma nmH$a ~mbH$ A{YH$
CÚÊS> hmo OmVm h¡& ’«$m°~ob H$m ‘mZZm h¡ {H$-
~mbH$ ñd¶§ {dH$mgmoÝ‘wI hmoZo dmbm ‘mZd nm¡Ym h¡&
AV… ~mbH$m| Ho$ gdmªJrU {dH$mg Ho$ {bE ¶h Amdí¶H$ h¡ {H$ CZHo$
nmbZ-nmofU ‘| ¶m¡Z {d^oX Z {H$¶m Om¶o&
 n¥îR> 6
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
1.10 ~më¶mdñWm H$s {deofVmE±
¶Ú{n ~më¶mdñWm H$mo 6-12 dfm©¶w VH$ ‘mZm OmVm h¡& habm°H$ Zo Bgo 6 df©
go boH$a 12 df© VH$ Ho$ ~rM H$m g‘¶ ‘mZm h¡& Bg AdñWm ‘| ~më¶mdñWm
H$s à‘wI {deofVmAm| H$mo {ZåZm§{H$V {~ÝXþAm| Ûmam 춳V {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡-
1. emar[aH$ d ‘mZ{gH$ pñWaVm
~mbH$ Ho$ emar[aH$ Am¡a ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg ‘| 6 ¶m 7 df© H$s Am¶w Ho$ ~mX
pñWaVm Am OmVr h¡& dh pñWaVm CgH$s emar[aH$ d ‘mZ{gH$ ep³V¶m| H$mo
Ñ‹T>Vm àXmZ H$aVr h¡& ’$bñdê$n, CgH$m ‘pñVîH$ n[an³d-gm Am¡a dh ñd¶§
d¶ñH$-gm OmZ n‹S>Vm h¡, Bg{bE am°g Zo ~më¶mdñWm H$mo {‘϶m-n[an³dVm
H$m H$mb ~VmVo hþE {bIm h¡-
emar[aH$ Am¡a ‘mZ{gH$ pñWaVm ~më¶mdñWm H$s g~go ‘hÎdnyU© {deofVm h¡&
~më¶mdñWm Ho$ {dH$mg H$m ‘hÎd A˶{YH$ h¡& Bg AdñWm ‘| {dH$mg
H$m Aܶ¶Z AZoH$ ‘hÎdnyU© V϶m| H$mo àH$Q> H$aVm h¡& H¡$ab Ho$ AZwgma-
~mbH$ Ho$ emar[aH$ {dH$mg Am¡a CgHo$ gm‘mݶ ì¶dhma H$m gh-gå~ÝY BVZm
‘hÎdnyU© hmoVm h¡ {H$ ¶{X h‘ g‘PZm Mmh| {H$ {^ÝZ-{^ÝZ ~mbH$m| ‘| ³¶m g‘mZVmE±
h¢, ³¶m {^ÝZVmE± h¢, Am¶w-d¥{Õ Ho$ gmW ì¶p³V ‘| ³¶m-³¶m n[adV©Z hmoVo h¢, Vmo h‘|
~mbH$m|$ Ho$ emar[aH$ {dH$mg H$m Aܶ¶Z H$aZm hmoJm&
2. ‘mZ{gH$ ¶mo½¶VmAm| ‘| d¥{Õ
~më¶mdñWm ‘| ~mbH$ H$s ‘mZ{gH$ ¶mo½¶VmAm| ‘| {ZaÝVa d¥{Õ hmoVr h¡& CgH$s
g§doXZm Am¡a à˶jrH$aU H$s ep³V¶m| ‘| d¥{Õ hmoVr h¡& dh {d{^ÝZ ~mVm| Ho$
~mao ‘| VH©$ Am¡a {dMma H$aZo bJVm h¡& dh gmYmaU ~mVm| na A{YH$ Xoa VH$
AnZo ܶmZ H$mo Ho$pÝÐV H$a gH$Vm h¡& Cg‘| AnZo nyd©-AZw^dm| H$mo ñ‘aU
H$amZo H$s ¶mo½¶Vm CËnÝZ hmo OmVr h¡&
3. {Okmgm H$s à~bVm
~mbH$ H$s {Okmgm {deof ê$n go à~b hmoVr h¡& dh {OZ dñVwAm| Ho$ gånH©$ ‘|
AmVm h¡, CZHo$ ~mao ‘§o àíZ nyN>H$a ha Vah H$s OmZH$mar àmá H$aZm MmhVm
h¡& CgHo$ ¶o àíZ e¡edmdñWm Ho$ gmYmaU àíZm| go {^ÝZ hmoVo h¢& A~ dh {eew
Ho$ g‘mZ ¶h Zht nyN>Vm h¡- dh ³¶m h¡? BgHo$ {dnarV, dh nyN>Vm h¡- ¶h
Eogo ³¶m| h¡? ¶h Eogo H¡$go hþAm h¡?
4. dmñV{dH$ OJV² go gå~ÝY
Bg AdñWm ‘| ~mbH$ e¡edmdñWm Ho$ H$mën{ZH$ OJV² H$m n[a˶mJ H$aHo$
dmñV{dH$ OJV² ‘| àdoe H$aVm h¡& dh CgH$s à˶oH$ dñVw go AmH${f©V hmoH$a
CgH$m kmZ àmá H$aZm MmhVm h¡& ñQ>´¢J Ho$ eãXm| ‘o§ -
~mbH$ AnZo H$mo A{V {demb g§gma ‘| nmVm h¡ Am¡a CgHo$ ~mao ‘| OëXr go OëXr
OmZH$mar àmá H$aZm MmhVm h¡&
5. aMZmË‘H$ H$m¶moª ‘| AmZÝX
~mbH$ H$mo aMZmË‘H$ H$m¶moª ‘| {deof AmZÝX AmVm h¡& dh gmYmaUV… Ka go
~mha {H$gr àH$ma H$m H$m¶© H$aZm MmhVm h¡, O¡go-~JrMo ‘| H$m‘ H$aZm ¶m
Am¡Omam| go bH$‹S>r H$s dñVwE± ~ZmZm& CgHo$ {dnarV, ~m{bH$m Ka ‘| hr H$moB©-
Z-H$moB© H$m¶© H$aZm MmhVr h¡, O¡go-grZm, {namoZm ¶m H$‹T>mB© H$aZm&
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
~mb {dH$mg àJʶ
6. gm‘m{OH$ JwUm| H$m {dH$mg
~mbH$, {dÚmb¶ Ho$ N>mÌm| Am¡a AnZo g‘yh Ho$ gXñ¶m| Ho$ gmW n¶m©á g‘¶
ì¶VrV H$aVm h¡& AV… Cg‘| AZoH$ gm‘m{OH$ JwUm| H$m {dH$mg hmoVm h¡& O¡go-
gh¶moJ, gX^mdZm, ghZerbVm, AmkmH$m[aVm Am{X&
7. Z¡{VH$ JwUm| H$m {dH$mg
Bg AdñWm Ho$ Amaå^ ‘| hr ~mbH$ ‘| Z¡{VH$ JwUm| H$m {dH$mg hmoZo bJVm h¡&
ñQ>´¢J Ho$ ‘VmZwgma-
6, 7 Am¡a 8> df© Ho$ ~mbH$m| ‘| AÀN>o-~wao Ho$ kmZ H$m Ed§ ݶm¶nyU© ì¶dhma,
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B©‘mZXmar Am¡a gm‘m{OH$ ‘yë¶m| H$s ^mdZm H$m {dH$mg hmoZo bJVm h¡&
8. ~{h‘w©Ir ì¶p³VËd H$m {dH$mg
e¡edmdñWm ‘| ~mbH$ H$m ì¶p³VËd AÝV‘w©Ir hmoVm h¡, ³¶m|{H$ dh EH$mÝV{à¶
Am¡a Ho$db AnZo ‘| ê${M boZo dmbm hmoVm h¡& BgHo$ {dnarV, ~më¶mdñWm ‘|
CgH$m ì¶p³VËd ~{h‘w©Ir hmo OmVm h¡, ³¶m|{H$ ~mø OJV² ‘| CgH$s ê${M
CËnÝZ hmo OmVr h¡& AV… dh Aݶ ì¶p³V¶m|, dñVwAm| Am¡a H$m¶moª H$m A{YH$
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go A{YH$ n[aM¶ àmá H$aZm MmhVm h¡&
9. g§doJm| H$m X‘Z d àXe©Z
~mbH$ AnZo g§doJm| na A{YH$ma aIZm Ed§ AÀN>r Am¡a ~war ^mdZmAm| ‘| AÝVa
H$aZm OmZ OmVm h¡& dh CZ ^mdZmAm| H$m X‘Z H$aVm h¡, {OZH$mo CgHo$
‘mVm-{nVm Am¡a ~‹S>o bmoJ ngÝX Zht H$aVo h¢, O¡go- H$m‘ gå~ÝYr ^mdZmE±&
10. g§J«h H$aZo H$s àd¥{Îm
~më¶mdñWm ‘| ~mbH$m| Am¡a ~m{bH$mAm| ‘| g§J«h H$aZo H$s àd¥{Îm ~hþV Á¶mXm
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nm¶r OmVr h¡& ~mbH$ {deof ê$n go H$m±M H$s Jmo{b¶m|, {Q>H$Q>m|, ‘erZm| Ho$ ^mJm|
Am¡a nËWa Ho$ Qw>H$‹S>m| H$m g§M¶ H$aVo h¢& ~m{bH$mAm| ‘| {MÌm|, {Ibm¡Zm| Am¡a
H$n‹S>m| Ho$ Qw>H$‹S>m| H$m g§J«h H$aZo H$s àd¥{Îm nmB© OmVr h¡&
11. {Zê$Ôoí¶ ^«‘U H$s àd¥{Îm
~mbH$ ‘| {~Zm {H$gr CÔoí¶ Ho$ BYa-CYa Ky‘Zo H$s àd¥{Îm ~hþV A{YH$ hmoVr
h¡& ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ ~Q>© Zo AnZo Aܶ¶Zm| Ho$ AmYma na ~Vm¶m h¡ {H$ bJ^J
9 df© Ho$ ~mbH$m| ‘| Amdmam Ky‘Zo, {~Zm Nw>År {bE {dÚmb¶ go ^mJZo Am¡a
Ambñ¶nyU© OrdZ ì¶VrV H$aZo H$s AmXV| gm‘mݶ ê$n go nmB© OmVr h¡&
12. H$m‘-àd¥{Îm H$s ݶyZVm
~mbH$ ‘| H$m‘-àd¥{Îm H$s ݶyZVm hmoVr h¡& dh AnZm A{YH$m§e g‘¶ {‘bZo-
OwbZo, IobZo-Hy$XZo Am¡a n‹T>Zo-{bIZo ‘| ì¶VrV H$aVm h¡& AV… dh ~hþV hr
H$‘ Adgam| na AnZr H$m‘-àd¥{Îm H$m àXe©Z H$a nmVm h¡&
13. gm‘y{hH$ àd¥{Îm H$s à~bVm
~mbH$ ‘| gm‘y{hH$ àd¥{Îm ~hþV à~b hmoVr h¡& dh AnZm A{YH$ go A{YH$
g‘¶ Xÿgao ~mbH$m| Ho$ gmW ì¶VrV H$aZo H$m à¶mg H$aVm h¡¡& am°g Ho$
AZwgma-
~mbH$ àm¶… A{Zdm¶© ê$n go {H$gr Z {H$gr g‘yh H$m gXñ¶ hmo OmVm h¡, Omo
AÀN>o Iob IobZo Am¡a Eogo H$m¶© H$aZo Ho$ {bE {Z¶{‘V ê$n go EH$Ì hmoVm h¡, {OZHo$
~mao ‘| ~‹S>r Am¶w Ho$ bmoJm| H$mo Hw$N> ^r Zht ~Vm¶m OmVm h¡&
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¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
14. gm‘y{hH$ Iobm| ‘| ê${M
~mbH$ H$mo gm‘y{hH$ Iobm| ‘| A˶{YH$ ê${M hmoVr h¡& dh 6 ¶m 7 df© H$s Am¶w
‘| N>moQ>o g‘yhm| ‘| Am¡a H$m’$s g‘¶ VH$ IobVm h¡& Iob Ho$ g‘¶ ~m{bH$mAm|
H$s Anojm ~mbH$m| ‘| PJ‹S>o A{YH$ hmoVo h¢& 11 ¶m 12 df© H$s Am¶w ‘| ~mbH$
Xbr¶ Iobm| ‘| ^mJ boZo bJVm h¡& ñQ>´¢J H$m {dMma h¡-
Eogm em¶X hr H$moB© Iob hmo, {Ogo Xg df© Ho$ ~mbH$ Z IobVo hm|&
15. ê${M¶m| ‘| n[adV©Z
~mbH$ H$s ê${M¶m| ‘| {ZaÝVa n[adV©Z hmoVm ahVm h¡& do ñWm¶r ê$n YmaU Z
H$aHo$ dmVmdaU ‘| n[adV©Z Ho$ gmW n[ad{V©V hmoVr ahVr h¢& H$mob Ed§ ~«yg
Zo {bIm h¡-
6 go 12 df© H$s Ad{Y H$s EH$ Anyd© {deofVm h¡-‘mZ{gH$ ê${M¶m| ‘| ñnîQ>
n[adV©Z&
1.11 ~më¶mdñWm ‘| {ejm H$m ñdê$n
~më¶H$mb ~mbH$ Ho$ OrdZ H$s AmYma{ebm h¡& AV… ¶h Amdí¶H$ h¡ {H$
~mbH$ Ho$ {dH$mg Ho$ g^r njm§o H$s {deofVmAm| H$mo ܶmZ ‘| aIVo hþ¶o {ejm
H$m ñdê$n {ZYm©[aV {H$¶m Om¶o& AV… CgH$s {ejm Ho$ ñdê$n H$mo {ZYm©[aV
H$aVo g‘¶ {ZåZ ~mVm| na ܶmZ XoZm Mm{hE-
1. ^mfm Ho$ kmZ na ~b
ñQ>´¢J Ho$ AZwgma Bg AdñWm ‘| ~mbH$m| H$s ^mfm ‘| ~hþV ê${M hmoVr h¡& AV…
Bg ~mV na ~b {X¶m OmZm Amdí¶H$ h¡ {H$ ~mbH$, ^mfm H$m A{YH$-go-
A{YH$ kmZ àmá H$ao&
2. Cn¶w³V {df¶m| H$m MwZmd
~mbH$ Ho$ {bE Hw$N> Eogo {df¶m| H$m Aܶ¶Z Amdí¶H$ h¡, Omo CgH$s
Amdí¶H$VmAm| H$s ny{V© H$a gH|$ Am¡a CgHo$ {bE bm^àX ^r hm|& Bg {dMma go
{ZåZ{b{IV {df¶m| H$m MwZmd {H$¶m OmZm Mm{hE-^mfm, A§H$J{UV, {dkmZ,
gm‘m{OH$ Aܶ¶Z, {MÌH$bm, gwboI, nÌ-boIZ Am¡a {Z~ÝY-aMZm&
3. amoMH$ {df¶-gm‘J«r
~mbH$m| H$s ê${M¶m| ‘| {d{^ÝZVm Am¡a n[adV©ZerbVm hmoVr h¡, AV… CgH$s
nwñVH$m| H$s {df¶-gm‘J«r ‘| amoMH$Vm Am¡a {d{^ÝZVm hmoZr Mm{hE& Bg
ÑpîQ>H$moU go {df¶-gm‘J«r H$m gå~ÝY {ZåZ{b[IV go hmoZm Mm{hE-new,
hmñ¶, {dZmoX, ZmQ>H$, dmVm©bmn, dra nwê$f, gmhgr H$m¶© Am¡a AmíM¶©OZH$
~mV|&
4. nmR²>¶-{df¶ d {ejU-{d{Y ‘| n[adV©Z
Bg AdñWm ‘| ~mbH$ H$s ê${M¶m| ‘| {ZaÝVa n[adV©Z hmoVm ahVm h¡& AV…
nmR²>¶-{df¶ Am¡a {ejU-{d{Y ‘| CgH$s ê${M¶m| Ho$ AZwgma n[adV©Z {H$¶m
OmZm Amdí¶H$ h¡& Eogm Z H$aZo go Cg‘| {ejm Ho$ à{V H$moB© AmH$f©U Zht ah
OmVm h¡& ’$bñdê$n, CgH$s ‘mZ{gH$ àJ{V ê$H$ OmVr h¡&
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
~mb {dH$mg n¥îR> 7
5. {Okmgm H$s gÝVwpîQ>
~mbH$ ‘| {Okmgm H$s àd¥{Îm hmoVr h¡& AV… Cgo Xr OmZo dmbr {ejm H$m ñdê$n
Eogm hmoZm Mm{hE, {Oggo CgH$s Bg àd¥{Îm H$s VwpîQ> hmo&
6. gm‘y{hH$ àd¥{Îm H$s VwpîQ>
~mbH$ ‘| g‘yh ‘| ahZo H$s à~b àd¥{Îm hmoVr h¡& dh Aݶ ~mbH$m| go {‘bZm-
OwbZm Am¡a CZHo$ gmW H$m¶© H$aZm ¶m IobZm MmhVm h¡& Cgo BZ g~ ~mVm|
H$m Adga XoZo Ho$ {bE {dÚmb¶ ‘| gm‘y{hH$ H$m¶moª Am¡a gm‘y{hH$ Iobm| H$m
C{MV Am¶moOZ {H$¶m OmZm Mm{hE& H$mobog{ZH$ Ho$ AZwgma-
gm‘y{hH$ Iob Am¡a emar[aH$ ì¶m¶m‘-àmW{‘H$ {dÚmb¶ Ho$ nmR²>¶H«$‘ Ho$ A{^ÝZ
A§J hmoZo Mm{hE&
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7. aMZmË‘H$ H$m¶moª H$s ì¶dñWm
~mbH$ H$s aMZmË‘H$ H$m¶moª ‘| {deof ê${M hmoVr h¡& AV… {dÚmb¶ ‘| {d{^ÝZ
àH$ma Ho$ aMZmË‘H$ H$m¶moª H$s ì¶dñWm H$s OmZr Mm{hE&
8. nmR²>¶H«$‘-ghJm‘r {H«$¶mAm| H$s ì¶dñWm
~mbH$ H$s {d{^ÝZ ‘mZ{gH$ ê${M¶m| H$mo gÝVwîQ> H$aHo$ CgH$s gwá ep³V¶m|
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H$m A{YH$V‘ {dH$mg {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡& Bg H$m¶© ‘| g’$bVm àmá H$aZo Ho$
{bE {dÚmb¶ ‘§o A{YH$-go-A{YH$ nmR²>¶H«$‘-ghJm‘r {H«$¶mAm| H$m g§MmbZ
{H$¶m OmZm Mm{hE&
9. n¶©Q>Z d ñH$mCqQ>J H$s ì¶dñWm
bJ^J 9 df© H$s Am¶w ‘§o ~mbH$ ‘| {Zê$Ôoí¶ BYa-CYa Ky‘Zo H$s àd¥{Îm hmoVr
h¡& CgH$s Bg àd¥{Îm H$mo gÝVwîQ> H$aZo Ho$ {bE n¶©Q>Z Am¡a ñH$mCqQ>J H$mo
CgH$s {ejm H$m A{^ÝZ A§J ~Zm¶m OmZm Mm{hE&
10. g§M¶-àd¥{Îm H$mo àmoËgmhZ
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~mbH$ ‘| g§M¶ H$aZo H$s àd¥{Îm hmoVr h¡& Cgo Omo ^r dñVw AÀN>r bJVr h¡,
Cgr H$m dh g§M¶ H$a boVm h¡& CgHo$ ‘mVm-{nVm Am¡a {ejH$ H$m H$Îm©ì¶ h¡
{H$ do Cgo {ejmàX dñVwAm| H$m g§M¶ H$aZo Ho$ {bE àmoËgm{hV H$a|&
11. g§doJm| Ho$ àXe©Z H$m Adga
H$mob Ed§ ~«yg Zo ~më¶mdñWm H$mo g§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mg H$m AZmoIm H$mb ‘mZm
h¡& ¶h {dH$mg V^r gå^d h¡, O~ ~mbH$ Ho$ g§doJm| H$m X‘Z Z {H$¶m Om¶,
³¶m|{H$ Eogm H$aZo go Cg‘| ^mdZm-J«pÝW¶m| H$m {Z‘m©U hmo OmVm h¡& AV… ñQ>´¢J
H$m nam‘e© h¡-
~mbH$m| H$mo gm‘m{OH$ ñdrH¥${V-àmá AnZo g§doJm| H$m X‘Z H$aZo Ho$ ~Om¶ V¥á
H$aZo ‘| ghm¶Vm Xr OmZr Mm{hE, ³¶m|{H$ g§doJmË‘H$ ^mdZm Am¡a àXe©Z CZHo$ gånyU©
OrdZ H$m AmYma hmoVm h¡&
12. gm‘m{OH$ JwUm| H$m {dH$mg
{H$bn¡{Q>´H$ Zo ~më¶mdñWm H$mo à{VÛÝÛmË‘H$ g‘mOrH$aU H$m H$mb ‘mZm
h¡& AV… {dÚmb¶ ‘| Eogr {H«$¶mAm| H$m A{Zdm¶© ê$n go g§JR>Z {H$¶m OmZm
Mm{hE, {OZ‘| ^mJ boH$a ~mbH$ ‘| AZwemgZ, AmË‘-{Z¶ÝÌU, ghmZw^y{V,
à{VñnYm©, gh¶moJ Am{X gm‘m{OH$ JwUm| H$m A{YH$V‘ {dH$mg hmo&
 n¥îR> 8 ~mb {dH$mg àJʶ
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
13. Z¡{VH$ {ejm
{n¶mOo Zo AnZo Aܶ¶Zm| Ho$ AmYma na ~Vm¶m h¡ {H$ bJ^J 8 df© H$m ~mbH$
Aä¶mgmW© àíZ
AnZo Z¡{VH$ ‘yë¶m| H$m {Z‘m©U Am¡a g‘mO Ho$ Z¡{VH$ {Z¶‘m| ‘| {dídmg H$aZo
bJVm h¡& Cgo BZ ‘yë¶m| H$m C{MV {Z‘m©U Am¡a BZ {Z¶‘m| ‘| Ñ‹T> {dídmg
aIZo Ho$ {bE {Z¶{‘V ê$n go Z¡{VH$ {ejm Xr OmZr Mm{hE& H$mobog{ZH$ H$m 1. ~mb {dH$mg H$m AW© h¡-
‘V h¡- ~mbH$ H$mo AmZÝX àXmZ H$aZo dmbr gab H$hm{Z¶m| Ûmam Z¡{VH$ {ejm (1) ì¶dhma ‘| n[adV©Z ~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg
nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m
Xr OmZr Mm{hE& (2) ~mbH$ H$m JwUmË‘H$ d n[a‘mUmË‘H$ n[adV©Z h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
(3) ~mbH$ H$m JwUmË‘H$ {dH$mg àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ>
14. {H«$¶m d Iob Ûmam {ejm (4) ì¶p³VËd ‘| n[adV©Z
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na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF
g^r {ejm-emñÌr ~mbH$ H$s ñdm^m{dH$ {H«$¶merbVm Am¡a Iob-àd¥{Îm ‘| S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&

{dídmg H$aVo h¢& AV… CgH$s {ejm H$m ñdê$n Eogm hmoZm Mm{hE, {Oggo dh 2. ~mb {dH$mg H$s àH¥${V H¡$gr ‘mZr OmVr h¡?
ñd¶§-{H«$¶m Am¡a Iob Ûmam kmZ H$m AO©Z H$ao& (1) {dkmZ‘¶r (2) AàmH¥${VH$
(3) A{ZpíMV (4) Ad¡km{ZH$
15. ào‘ d ghmZw^y{V na AmYm[aV {ejm
~mbH$ H$R>moa AZwemgZ ngÝX Zht H$aVm h¡& dh emar[aH$ XÊS>, ~b-à¶moJ 3. ~mb Aܶ¶Z H$m {nVm H$m¡Z h¡?
Am¡a S>m±Q>-S>nQ> go K¥Um H$aVm h¡& dh CnXoe Zht gwZZm MmhVm h¡& dh (1) ’«$m¶S> (2) S´>oda
Y‘{H$¶m| H$s {MÝVm Zht H$aVm h¡& AV… CgH$s {ejm BZ‘| go {H$gr na www.praganya.org (3) ñQ>oZbo hm°b (4) S>m{d©Z
AmYm[aV Z hmoH$a ào‘ Am¡a ghmZw^y{V na AmYm[aV hmoZr Mm{hE&
’«$m¶S> Am¡a CgHo$ AZw¶m{¶¶m| Zo ~më¶mdñWm H$mo ~mbH$ H$m {Z‘m©UH$mar 4. ~mb {dH$mg H$s Cn¶mo{JVm h¡-
H$mb ‘mZH$a Bg AdñWm H$mo A˶{YH$ ‘hÎd {X¶m h¡& CZH$m H$hZm h¡ {H$ (1) ~mb {ZX}eZ ‘| (2) ~mbH$m| Ho$ ñd^md H$mo g‘PZo ‘|
Bg AdñWm ‘| ~mbH$ {OZ d¡¶p³VH$, gm‘m{OH$ Am¡a {ejm-gå~ÝYr AmXVm| (3) ~mbH$m| Ho$ {ejU ‘| (4) Cn¶w©³V g^r
Ed§ ì¶dhma Ho$ à{V‘mZm| H$m {Z‘m©U H$a boVm h¡, CZH$mo ê$nmÝV[aV H$aZm ~hþV 5. nyd© ~më¶mdñWm H$s {deofVm ³¶m h¡?
H${R>Z hmo OmVm h¡& Bg ÑpîQ> go àmW{‘H$ {ejm àXmZ H$aZo dmbo {ejH$m| na (1) {Okmgm (2) [Ibm¡Zm| ‘| é{M
~mbH$m| H$m {Z‘m©U H$aZo H$m ‘hmZ² CÎmaXm{¶Ëd h¡& bJ^J Eogo hr {dMmam| H$mo (3) ZdrZ nÕ{V¶m± (4) Cn¶w©³V g^r
춳V H$aVo hþE ãbo¶a, OmoÝg VWm {gångZ Zo {bIm h¡-
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e¡{jH$ ÑpîQ>H$moU go OrdZ-MH«$ ‘| ~më¶mdñWm go A{YH$ ‘hÎdnyU© Am¡a H$moB© 6. CÎma ~më¶mdñWm H$s {deofVm h¡-
AdñWm Zht h¡& Omo AܶmnH$ Bg AdñWm Ho$ ~mbH$m| H$mo [ejm XoVo h¢, CÝh| ~mbH$m| (1) AmË‘{Z^©a hmoZm (2) {‘Ì ‘ÊS>br ¶m g‘yh {Z‘m©U
H$m, CZH$s AmYma^yV Amdí¶H$VmAm| H$m, CZH$s g‘ñ¶mAm| H$m Am¡a CZ n[apñW{V¶m| (3) ñdVÝÌ hmoZm (4) Cn¶w©³V g^r
H$m nyd© kmZ hmoZm Mm{hE, Omo CZHo$ ì¶dhma H$mo ê$nmÝV[aV Am¡a n[ad{V©V H$aVr h¢&
7. ~mb {dH$mg H$~ gånÝZ hmoVm h¡?
‘Zmod¡km{ZH$, ~më¶mdñWm H$mo e¡{jH$ ÑpîQ>H$moU go {deof ‘hÎd XoVo (1) ~më¶mdñWm ‘| (2) e¡edmdñWm ‘|
h¢& Bg AdñWm ‘| {ejm H$m ¶WmW©dmXr ñdê$n, Omo CZH$s Amdí¶H$Vm, àH¥${V (3) OrdZn¶©ÝV MbVm h¡& (4) {H$emoamdñWm ‘|
VWm ‘yb àd¥{Îm¶m| Ho$ emoYZ na AmYm[aV hmo, dh ~mbH$m| Ho$ ‘yb^yV JwUm| H$mo
{dH${gV H$aZo VWm CÝh| ñdñW, gOJ ZmJ[aH$ ~ZmZo H$s {Xem ‘| ‘hÎdnyU© 8. ~mb {dH$mg H$mo {H$VZo ^mJm| ‘§o ~m±Q>m J¶m h¡-
^y{‘H$m H$m {Zdm©h H$aVm h¡& (1) 2 (2) 5
(3) 4 (4) 3
*******
àJʶ àH$meZ Ûmam CTET Ed§ à˶oH$ amÁ¶ Ho$ TET (UPTET, MP Samvida, 9. e¡{jH$ ÑpîQ> go ~mb$ {dH$mg H$s AdñWmE± h¢-
BTET, UTET, JTET, HTET, CGTET, HPTET) Ho$ {bE ‘m°S>b nona H$s (1) {H$emoamdñWm (2) ~më¶mdñWm
’«$s PDF àH$m{eV H$s OmVr h¡& ‘m°S>b nona H$s ’«$s PDF àmá H$aZo Ho$ {bE {ZåZ{b{IV (3) e¡edmdñWm (4) Cnamo³V VrZm|
Whatsapp No. AnZo H$m°boO Ho$ ³bmg J«wn ¶m H$moqMJ Ho$ ³bmg Jw«n ¶m Aݶ ñQ>S>r Jw«n ‘|
Om|S>o& AmnHo$ J«wn ‘| ‘m°S>b nona ^ooO {XE OmE±J|& 10. ~mb {dH$mg H$mo gdm©{YH$ à^m{dV H$aZo dmbm H$maH$ h¡-
(1) ¶m¡Z {ejm (2) ~w{Õ narjU
UPTET - 95301 43210 (3) IobHy$X H$m ‘¡XmZ (4) gwÝXa {dÚmb¶ ^dZ
MP Samvida - 95302 43210 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
BTET - 95302 43210 (2) (1) (3) (4) (4) (4) (3) (3) (4) (3)
UTET - 72209 29294
JTET - 72209 29239
HTET - 72209 29266
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HPTET - 72209 28535
 àJʶ ~mb {dH$mg n¥îR> 9
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
11. ~mb {dH$mg ‘|- 20. {ZåZ ‘| go H$m¡Zgm {dH$mgmË‘H$ H$m¶© CÎma ~më¶mdñWm Ho$ Cn¶w³V
(1) J^m©dñWm go {H$emoamdñWm VH$ H$m Aܶ¶Z hmoVm h¡& Zht h¡?
(2) à{H«$¶m na ~b {X¶m J¶m h¡& (1) gm‘mݶ Iob Ho$ {bE Amdí¶H$ emar[aH$ Hw$ebVmE± grIZm
(3) dmVmdaU Am¡a AZw^d H$s ^y{‘H$m na ~b {X¶m J¶m h¡& (2) nwê$fmo{MV ¶m pñ̶mo{MV gm‘m{OH$ ^y{‘H$mAm| H$mo àmßV H$aZm
(4) Cn¶w©³V g^r na (3) d¡¶p³VH$ AmË‘{Z^©aVm àmßV H$aZm
(4) AnZo h‘C‘« ~mbH$mo§ Ho$ gmW ahZm grIZm
12. ~mb {dH$mg H$m Aܶ¶Z joÌ h¡-
(1) d¡¶p³VH$ {d{^ÝZVmAm| H$m Aܶ¶Z 21. ~mb {dH$mg Ho$ Aܶ¶Z ‘| {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go {H$Z ~mVm| H$mo em{‘b
(2) ~mb {dH$mg H$s {d{^ÝZ AdñWmAm| H$m Aܶ¶Z {H$¶m OmVm h¡?
(3) dmVmdaU Ho$ ~mb {dH$mg na n‹S>Zo dmbo à^mdm| H$m Aܶ¶Z 1. Am¶w Ho$ gmW hmoZo dmbo n[adV©Zm| H$m ³¶m ñdê$n hmoVm h¡?
(4) Cn¶w©³V g^r 2. ~mbH$ ‘| hmoZo dmbo n[adV©Zm| H$m {deof Am¶w Ho$ gmW ³¶m gå~ÝY hmoVm

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h¡?
13. {dH$mg ewê$ hmoVm h¡- 3. ~mbH$m| ‘| nmB© OmZo dmbr ì¶p³VJV {d{^ÝZVmAm| Ho$ {bE {H$g àH$ma Ho$
(1) CÎma-~më¶mdñWm go (2) àgdnyd© AdñWm go AmZwd§{eH$ Ed§ n[adoeOݶ à^md CÎmaXm¶r hmoVo h¢?
(3) e¡edmdñWm go (4) nyd©-~më¶mdñWm go (1) 1 Ed§ 2
14. {dH$mgmË‘H$ ~mb ‘Zmo{dkmZ H$m OZH$ {H$go ‘mZm OmVm h¡? (2) 2 Ed§ 3
(1) ’«$m¶S> H$mo (2) ~«yZa H$mo (3) 1 Ed§ 3
(3) OrZ {n¶mOo H$mo (4) Ho$br H$mo (4) ¶o g^r
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15. {Ibm¡Zm| H$s Am¶w H$hm OmVm h¡- 22. {dH$mg H$s à{H«$¶m ‘| ........... OrdZ‘yë¶m|, ì¶p³VËd, ì¶dhma
(1) nyd© ~më¶mdñWm H$mo (2) CÎma ~më¶mdñWm H$mo B˶m{X H$m {dH$mg ^r em{‘b h¡&
(3) e¡edmdñWm H$mo (4) BZ‘| go g^r 1 ÑpîQ>H$moUmo§ 2. ñd^md
3. ê${M¶m| 4. AmXVm|
16. ~mb ‘Zmo{dkmZ Ho$ AZwgma {ejm Ho$ joÌ ‘| ‘w»¶ ñWmZ h¡- (1) 1 Ed§ 2 (2) 1,2 Ed§ 3
(1) ~mbH$ H$m (2) àemgH$ H$m (3) 2,3 Ed§ 4 (4) ¶o g^r
(3) AܶmnH$ H$m (4) A{^^mdH$ H$m
23. {ejm ‘Zmo{dkmZ ‘| ........... ‘| hmoZo dmbo ‘mZd {dH$mg H$m Aܶ¶Z
17. e¡edmdñWm ‘| {eew hmoVm h¡- {H$¶m OmVm h¡¡&
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(1) gm‘m{OH$ 1. e¡edmdñWm 2. ~më¶mdñWm

(2) AmË‘Ho$pÝÐV 3. {H$emoamdñWm 4. d¶ñH$mdñWm
(3) g§doJmË‘H$ ÑpîQ> go Ñ‹T> (1) 1 Ed§ 2 (2) 1,2 Ed§ 3
(4) g§doJmË‘H$ ê$n go ApñWa (3) 1 Ed§ 3 (4) ¶o g^r

18. {ZåZ ‘| go H$m¡Zgr nyd© ~më¶mdñWm H$s {deofVm Zht h¡? 24. 6-11 df© Ho$ Am¶w dJ© Ho$ ~mbH$m| H$s {deofVm h¢-
(1) Xb/g‘yh ‘| ahZo H$s AdñWm (1) ~mbH$ ñdm^m{dH$ Ed§ g{H«$¶ A{YJ‘H$Vm© hmoVo h¢&
(2) AZwH$aU H$aZo H$s AdñWm (2) grIZo Ho$ {bE {ejH$m| na {Z^©a hmoVo h¢&
(3) àíZ H$aZo H$s AdñWm (3) ~mbH$, {ejH$m| go kmZ àmßV H$aVo h¢&
(4) IobZo H$s AdñWm (4) ~mbH$ grIZo ‘| ê${M Zht aIVo h¢&

19. CÎma ~më¶mdñWm ‘| ~mbH$ ^m¡{VH$ dñVwAm| Ho$ {H$g Amdí¶H$ VÎd 25. 6 ¶m 7 df© H$m ~mbH$ Xÿgam| Ho$ {dMmam| H$mo ñdrH$ma H$aZo Ho$ ¶mo½¶
‘| n[adV©Z g‘PZo bJVo h¢? Zht hmoVm-
(1) Ð춑mZ (1) ³¶m|{H$ dh ~hþV N>moQ>m hmoVm h¡&
(2) Ð춑mZ Am¡a g§»¶m (2) ³¶m|{H$ dh Ah‘² Ho$pÝÐV hmoVm h¡&
(3) g§»¶m (3) ³¶m|{H$ dh H$ënZmerb hmoVm h¡&
(4) Ð춑mZ, g§»¶m Am¡a joÌ (4) ³¶m|{H$ dh ~w{Õ‘mZ Zht hmoVm h¡&
11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25.
(4) (4) (2) (3) (1) (1) (2) (3) (4) (2) (4) (4) (2) (1) (2)

~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
 n¥îR> 10 ~mb {dH$mg àJʶ
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
26. {ZåZ ‘| go {H$gH$s ^y{‘H$m nyd© ~më¶mdñWm ‘| ~mbH$ Ho$ g§doJmË‘H$ 36. ~më¶mdñWm ‘| ~mbH$m| H$mo gmh{gH$ ¶mÌmAm| H$s amo‘m§MH$mar H$hm{Z¶m±
{dH$mg hoVw gdm©{YH$ ‘hÎdnyU© h¡? gwZmZo g| CZ‘|-
(1) AܶmnH$m| H$s (2) g§Jr-gm{W¶m| H$s (1) Amkm Ed§ AZwemgZ Ho$ JwU CËnÝZ hmoVo h¢&
(3) n‹S>mo{g¶m| H$s (4) ‘mVm-{nVm H$s (2) ^¶ Ho$ g§doJ g‘mßV hmoVo h¢& ~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg
(3) CËgmh H$m g§Mma hmoVm h¡& nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV²
27. A{YH$m§e {dÛmZm| Ho$ AZwgma ~më¶mdñWm H$s Ad{Y h¡- (4) AmZÝX H$s ^mdZm {dH${gV hmoVr h¡& g§ e mo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm
(1) 5 go 10 df© (2) 6 go 12 df© h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡ {H$ Bg
(3) 4 go 10 df© (4) 2 go 8 df© 37. ~më¶mdñWm H$s EH$ à‘wI {deofVm h¡- nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s
(1) A{YJ‘ H$s Vrd«Vm PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ>

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28. H$m°b d ~«yg Zo ~më¶mdñWm H$mo ‘mZm h¡- www.praganya.org
(2) AnojmH¥$V pñWa {dH$mg à{H«$¶m
(1) g‘ñ¶mË‘H$ H$mb go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
(3) ¶WmW©dmXr X¥pîQ>H$moU
(2) AZmoIm H$mb
(4) Cn¶w©³V g^r
(3) {‘϶m n[an³dVm H$mb
(4) {Okmgm H$mb 38. {ejH$ ~mb ‘Zmo{dkmZ Ho$ kmZ Ûmam ~mbH$m| H$s-
1. ~w{Õ VWm ê${M¶m| H$s OmZH$mar boH$a {ejm XoVm h¡&
29. ~më¶mdñWm H$mo {‘϶m n[an³dVm H$mb H$hm h¡-
2. àH¥${V H$mo OmZH$a {ejm XoVm h¡&
(1) am°g Zo (2) H$m°b d ~«yg Zo
(3) EZm ’«$m¶S> Zo (4) H«$mo Ed§> H«$mo Zo
www.praganya.org 3. Am{W©H$ pñW{V VWm nm[adm[aH$ pñW{V H$s OmZH$mar boH$a {ejm XoVm h¡&
(1) Ho$db 1 (2) 1 Ed§ 3
30. ~më¶mdñWm ‘| nm¶r OmZo dmbr àd¥[Îm/àd¥{Îm¶m± h¡/h¢- (3) 2 Ed§ 3 (4) ¶o g^r
(1) {Zê$Ôoí¶ ^«‘U H$s àd¥{Îm
(2) {Okmgm H$s à~bVm 39. ~mb ‘Zmo{dkmZ H$m Aܶ¶Z {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go {H$gHo$ {bE gdm©{YH$
(3) aMZmË‘H$ H$m¶m] ‘| AmZÝX boZm Amdí¶H$ h¡?
(4) Cnamo³V g^r (1) ‘mܶ{‘H$ {ejH$ Ho$ {bE
(2) {díd{dÚmb¶ Ho$ {ejH$ Ho$ {bE
31. g‘yh AdñWm ¶m MwñVr H$s AdñWm ^r H$hVo h¢- (3) àmW{‘H$ {ejH$ Ho$ {bE
(1) e¡edmdñWm H$mo (2) ~më¶mdñWm H$mo
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(4) Cnamo³V g^r Ho$ {bE

(3) àm¡‹T>mdñWm H$mo (4) {H$emoamdñWm H$mo
40. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go {H$go ~mb ‘Zmo{dkmZ H$s Cn¶mo{JVm Ho$ AÝVJ©V
32. ~më¶mdñWm H$mo {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go {H$g Zm‘ go OmZm OmVm h¡? Zht aIm Om gH$Vm h¡?
(1) Q>mobr Am¶w (2) OrdZ H$m AZmoIm H$mb (1) ~mbH$ Ho$ ^{dî¶ Ho$ ~mao ‘| nyd©H$WZ ‘| ghm¶H$
(3) ~³H$s AdñWm (4) Cnamo³V g^r (2) ~mb {ZX}eZ ‘| ghm¶H$
33. n[an³d ~më¶mdñWm {H$go H$hVo h¢? (3) {ejH$ H$s Am{W©H$ àJ{V ‘| ghm¶H$
(1) 6 go 9 df© (2) 7 go 10 df© (4) ~mbH$m| Ho$ ì¶p³VJV {dH$mg H$mo g‘PZo ‘| Cn¶moJr
(3) 8 go 11 df© (4) 9 go 12 df©
41. àmW{‘H$ {ejU Ho$ {bE ~mb ‘Zmo{dkmZ H$m kmZ Amdí¶H$ h¡,
34. ~më¶mdñWm ‘| H$m¡Zgr ‘ybàd¥{Îm g~go A{YH$ {H«$¶merb ahVr h¡? ³¶m|{H$-
(1) H$m‘ (2) {Okmgm (1) ¶h ~ÀMm| H$mo AZwem{gV ~ZmZo ‘| ghm¶H$ h¡&
(3) aMZmË‘H$Vm (4) gm‘y{hH$Vm (2) narjm Ho$ n[aUm‘ ‘| CÝZ{V hmoVr h¡&
(3) ¶h ~ÀMm| H$mo A{^ào[aV H$aZo Ho$ {bE gw{dYmOZH$ VarH$m ~Z OmVm h¡&
35. ~më¶mdñWm ‘| n[anmH$ H$mb H$s {ZåZ ‘| go H$m¡Zgr Ad{Y h¡? (4) ¶h ~ÀMm| Ho$ ì¶dhma H$mo g‘PZo ‘| {ejH$ H$s ghm¶Vm H$aVm h¡&
(1) 12 go boH$a 14 df©
(2) 14 go boH$a 16 df© 42. ~më¶mdñWm ‘| {dH$mg H$mo N>X²‘ n[an³dVm H$m g‘¶ {H$gZo H$hm h¡?
(3) 10 go boH$a 12 df© (1) am°g Zo (2) Ooåg Q´>oda Zo
(4) Cn¶w©³V ‘| go H$moB© Zht (3) OrZ {n¶mOo Zo (4) EZ.Ama.^m{Q>¶m Zo
26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42.
(4) (2) (2) (1) (4) (2) (4) (4) (4) (3) (3) (4) (4) (3) (3) (4) (1)

~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
 àJʶ ~mb {dH$mg n¥îR> 11
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
43. àmW{‘H$ H$jm Ho$ {ejH$ Ho$ {bE {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go {H$gH$m kmZ 52. ~mb {dH$mg H$s n[a^mfm H$m Aܶ¶Z joÌ h¡-
hmoZm Amdí¶H$ h¡? (1) ~ÀMm| H$s d¶ñH$ VWm d[aîR> ZmJ[aH$m| Ho$ gmW VwbZm H$aoJm&
(1) ~mb ‘Zmo{dkmZ (2) {ejm-Xe©Z (2) ‘mZdr¶ gm‘϶m] ‘| n[adV©Z H$s ì¶m»¶m H$aVm h¡&
(3) ñdmñ϶ {dkmZ (4) gm‘m{OH$ {dkmZ (3) OrdZ Ad{Y Ho$ Xm¡amZ ì¶dhma H$s ì¶m»¶m Ty>±T>oJm&
44. ~mbH$m| Ho$ ñd^md H$mo g‘PZo Ho$ {bE {ejH$m| H$mo {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go (4) {H$gr ~ÀMo Ho$ g§kmZmË‘H$, gm‘m{OH$ VWm Xÿgao gm‘϶m] Ho$ H«${‘H$
{H$gH$m Aܶ¶Z H$aZm Mm{hE? {dH$mg Ho$ {bE CÎmaXm¶r ahoJm&
(1) gm‘m{OH$ {dkmZ (2) àmH¥${VH$ {dkmZ
(3) ~mb ‘Zmo{dkmZ (4) ^yJmob 53. ~më¶mdñWm H$mo à{VÛÝÛmË‘H$ g‘mOrH$aU H$s AdñWm {H$gZo H$hm h¡?
(1) ’«$m°~ob Zo (2) ñQ>oZbo hm°b Zo
45. {ejH$ Ho$ {bE ‘Zmo{dkmZ/~mb ‘Zmo{dkmZ H$m kmZ ³¶m| Oê$ar h¡? (3) OaerëS> Zo (4) {H$bn¡{Q´>H$ Zo
(1) Bg‘| ~ÀMm| H$s AmYma^yV {deofVmAm| H$mo OmZZo H$m Adga {‘bVm h¡&

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(2) {ejU ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ {Z¶‘m| Ho$ AZwHy$b hmoVm h¡& 54. ~mb {dH$mg H$s gånyU© Ad{Y ‘| ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg H$s J{V gdm©{YH$
(3) AmYw{ZH$ {ejm àUmbr H$s Amdí¶H$Vm h¡& Vrd« {H$g AdñWm ‘| hmoVr h¡?
(4) {ejU g’$b hmoVm h¡& (1) e¡edmdñWm ‘| (2) {H$emoamdñWm ‘|
46. ~mb ‘Zmo{dkmZ {H$gHo$ ì¶dhma H$m d¡km{ZH$ Aܶ¶Z h¡? (3) ~më¶mdñWm ‘| (4) àm¡‹T>mdñWm ‘|
(1) ~mbH$ (2) {ejH$
(3) {H$emoa (4) Cn¶w©³V ‘| go H$moB© Zht 55. OrZ {n¶mOo H$m ~mb {dH$mg dJuH$aU {H$g {gÕmÝV na AmYm[aV h¡?
(1) ‘Zmo gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg {gÕmÝV
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47. ~mb ‘Zmo{dkmZ EH$ d¡km{ZH$ Aܶ¶Z h¡, {Og‘| ~mbH$ Ho$ OÝ‘ (2) Z¡{VH$ {dH$mg {gÕmÝV
nyd© H$mb go boH$a {H$emoamdñWm VH$ H$m Aܶ¶Z {H$¶m OmVm h¡& ¶h (3) ‘Zmob¢{JH$ {dH$mg {gÕmÝV
H$WZ h¡- (4) g§kmZmË‘H$ {dH$mg {gÕmÝV
(1) habm°H$ H$m (2) Wm°‘gZ H$m
(3) H«$mo Ed§ H«$mo H$m (4) am°g H$m 56. ~mb {dH$mg Ho$ e¡{jH$ {Z{hVmW© go gå~pÝYV Zht h¡-
(1) {dÚmb¶ Ho$ ~mJ H$s XoI^mb H$aZm
48. Biographical Sketch of a infant Zm‘H$ nwñVH$ H$m àH$meZ (2) {dÚmb¶ VWm g‘wXm¶ H$mo Omo‹S>Zm
{H$gZo {H$¶m? (3) àmV…H$mbrZ {dÚmb¶r g^mAm| H$mo gå~mo{YV H$aZm
(1) S>m{d©Z Zo (2) ßboQ>mo Zo
(4) {nN>‹S>o Am¡a JÝXo joÌm| ‘| bmoJm| H$s godm Ho$ {bE Z OmZm
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(3) ê$gmo Zo (4) {d{b¶‘ {hbr Zo

49. àW‘ ~mb {ZX}eZ Ho$ÝÐ {H$gHo$ Ûmam Imobm J¶m? 57. {ZåZ ‘| go H$m¡Zgm {gÕmÝV ~mb {dH$mg ‘| dmVmdaU gå~ÝYr H$maH$m|
(1) ßboQ>mo (2) {d{b¶‘ {hbr H$mo hr ‘hÎd XoVm h¡?
(3) S>m{d©Z (4) ê$gmo (1) nañna gå~ÝY H$m {gÕmÝV
(2) gm‘m{OH$ A{YJ‘ {gÕmÝV
50. ~mb ‘Zmo{dkmZ dh d¡km{ZH$ Aܶ¶Z h¡, Omo ì¶p³V Ho$ {dH$mg H$m (3) {dH$mg H«$‘ H$s EH$ê$nVm H$m {gÕmÝV
Aܶ¶Z J^©H$mb Ho$ àmaå^ go {H$emoamdñWm H$s àmaå^mdñWm VH$ (4) {ZaÝVaVm H$m {gÕmÝV
H$aVm h¡& ¶h n[a^mfm {H$gZo Xr?
(1) H«$mo Ed§ H«$mo Zo (2) dH©$ Zo 58. EH$ ~mbH$ nhbo nyao hmW H$mo, {’$a A§Jw{b¶m| H$mo Am¡a {’$a hmW Am¡a
(3) Ooåg S´>oda Zo (4) AmaO|H$ Zo A§Jw{b¶m| H$mo EH$ gmW MbmZm grIVm h¡& ~mb {dH$mg Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘|
51. ~mb ‘Zmo{dkmZ, ‘Zmo{dkmZ H$s dh emIm h¡, {Og‘| OÝ‘ go ¶h {gÕmÝV H$hbmVm h¡-
n[an³d AdñWm VH$ {dH${gV hmo aho ‘mZd H$m Aܶ¶Z {H$¶m OmVm (1) gm‘m{OH$ A{YJ‘ {gÕmÝV (2) nañna gå~ÝY H$m {gÕmÝV
h¡& ¶h n[a^mfm {H$gZo Xr? (3) EH$sH$aU H$m {gÕmÝV (4) BZ‘| go H$moB© Zht
(1) ê$gmo Zo (2) AmBO|H$ Zo
(3) S´>oda Zo (4) H¡$Q>b Zo *******
43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58.
(1) (3) (2) (1) (3) (1) (2) (1) (3) (4) (4) (1) (4) (4) (2) (3)

~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
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¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
Aܶm¶ 2
d¥{Õ Am¡a {dH$mg
2.1 àñVmdZm
à˶oH$ ì¶p³V ‘| emar[aH$, ‘mZ{gH$, ^mdZmË‘H$ Am¡a gm‘m{OH$ n[aàoú¶ ‘|
nb-nb ~Xbmd AmVm h¡& OÝ‘ Ho$ g‘¶ dh {eew H$hbmVm h¡, Hw$N> g‘¶ ~mX
~mbH$, {’$a {H$emoa, d¶ñH$, àm¡‹T> Ed§ d¥Õ H$hbmVm h¡& àmapå^H$ AdñWm ‘|
dh A~moY H$hbmVm h¡, {’$a eamaVr, Jå^ra, {dÛmZ, kmZr Am{X {deofUm| go
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¶w³V hmo OmVm h¡& ì¶p³V H$s Am¶w ‘| d¥{Õ Ho$ gmW-gmW CgH$s emar[aH$ Am¡a
‘mZ{gH$ ¶mo½¶VmAm| Ed§ j‘VmAm| ‘| ^r d¥{Õ hmoZo bJVr h¡& Bg H$maU ì¶p³V
Ho$ ì¶p³VËd Ed§ ì¶dhma ‘| ^r n[adV©Z hmoVm ahVm h¡& {ejm Ho$ joÌ ‘| ~mbH$
Ho$ ì¶p³VËd Ed§ ì¶dhma H$m Aܶ¶Z {H$¶m OmVm h¡& ~mbH$ H$s ¶mo½¶VmAm| Ed§
j‘VmAm| ‘| d¥{Õ, ì¶p³VËd Ed§ ì¶dhma ‘| n[adV©Z {OZ H$maUm| go hmoVm h¡
CZH$m Aܶ¶Z {ejm Ho$ joÌ ‘| H$m¶© H$aZo dmbo H$m¶©H$Îmm© H$mo H$aZm Amdí¶H$
h¡& ~mbH$ H$s Am¶w Ho$ gmW emar[aH$, ‘mZ{gH$, gm‘m{OH$, gm§do{JH$, Z¡{VH$
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Am{X njm| H$m {H$g àH$ma {dH$mg hmoVm h¡, BgH$m Aܶ¶Z H$aZm Bg Aܶm¶
H$m CÔoí¶ h¡& ì¶p³V Ho$ gånyU© ì¶p³VËd ‘| n[adV©Z H$mo A{^d¥{Õ Ed§ {dH$mg
Ho$ Zm‘ go OmZm OmVm h¡&
2.2 A{^d¥{Õ
A{^d¥{Õ H$m gm‘mݶ AW© hmoVm h¡ AmJo ~‹T>Zm& ~mbH$ H$s A{^d¥{Õ Ho$ gÝX^©
‘| Bgo CgHo$ eara Ho$ AmÝV[aH$ Ed§ ~mø A§Jm| Ho$ AmH$ma, ^ma Am¡a BZH$s
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H$m¶©j‘Vm ‘| hmoZo dmbr d¥{Õ Ho$ ê$n ‘| XoIm OmVm h¡& ‘mZd eara ‘| ¶h d¥{Õ
EH$ Am¶w VH$ (18-20 df©) hr hmoVr h¡, CgHo$ ~mX BZ A§Jmo§ ‘| d¥{Õ Zht
hmoVr h¡ AWm©V² Bg Am¶w VH$ ì¶p³V nyU© d¶ñH$ hmo OmVm h¡& Bg d¥{Õ H$mo
XoIm-naIm Om gH$Vm h¡ Am¡a BgH$m ‘mnZ ^r {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡&
‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ ’«|$H$ Zo A{^d¥{Õ H$mo n[a^m{fV H$aVo hþE {bIm-
A{^d¥{Õ go VmËn¶© H$mo{eH$mAm| ‘| hmoZo dmbr d¥{Õ go hmoVm h¡, O¡go-bå~mB© Am¡a
^ma ‘| d¥{Õ&
‘mZd A{^d¥{Õ H$s Xmo {deofVmE± hmoVr h¡- ‘mZd H$s H$m¶©j‘Vm Am¡a
A{^d¥{Õ H$s gr‘m& BÝht {deofVmAm| H$mo g‘m{hV H$aVo hþE bmb Ed§ Omoer Zo
A{^d¥{Õ H$mo n[a^m{fV H$aVo hþE {bIm-
‘mZd A{^d¥{Õ go VmËn¶© CgHo$ eara Ho$ ~mø Ed§ Am§V[aH$ A§Jm| Ho$ AmH$ma, ^ma
Ed§ H$m¶©j‘Vm ‘| hmoZo dmbr Cg d¥{Õ go hmoVm h¡, Omo CgHo$ J^© g‘¶ H$mo n[an³dVm
àmá H$aZo VH$ MbVr h¡&
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
àJʶ
2.3 {dH$mg H$m AW©
{dH$mg EH$ gmd©^m¡{‘H$ à{H«$¶m h¡ Omo OÝ‘ go boH$a OrdZn¶©ÝV VH$ A{dam‘
MbVr ahVr h¡& {dH$mg Ho$db emar[aH$ d¥{Õ H$s Amoa hr g§Ho$V Zht H$aVr
daZ² BgHo$ AÝVJ©V do g^r emar[aH$, ‘mZ{gH$, gm‘m{OH$ Am¡a g§doJmË‘H$
n[adV©Z gpå‘{bV ahVo h¢, Omo J^©H$mb go boH$a ‘¥Ë¶wn¶©ÝV VH$ {ZaÝVa
àmUr ‘| àH$Q> hmoVo ahVo h¢&
{dH$mg H$s à{H«$¶m ‘| hmoZo dmbo g^r n[adV©Z g‘mZ Zht hmoVo h¢&
OrdZ H$s àmapå^H$ AdñWm ‘| hmoZo dmbo n[adV©Z aMZmË‘H$ Am¡a CÎmamÕ© ‘|
hmoZo dmbo n[adV©Z {dZmemË‘H$ hmoVo h¢& aMZmË‘H$ n[adV©Z àmUr ‘| n[an³dVm
bmVo h¢ Am¡a {dZmemË‘H$ n[adV©Z Cgo d¥ÕmdñWm H$s Amoa bo OmVo h¢& Bg
àH$ma {dH$mg EH$ ì¶mnH$ eãX h¡&
{dH$mg H$mo H«${‘H$ n[adV©Zm| H$s ûm¥§Ibm ^r H$hm OmVm h¡& BgHo$
’$bñdê$n ì¶p³V ‘| ZdrZ {deofVmAm| H$m CX¶ hmoVm h¡ VWm nwamZr {deofVmAm|
H$s g‘m{á hmo OmVr h¡& àm¡‹T>mdñWm ‘| nhþ±MH$a ‘Zwî¶ ñd¶§ H$mo {OZ JwUm| go
gånÝZ nmVm h¡, do {dH$mg H$s à{H«$¶m Ho$ hr n[aUm‘ hmoVo h¢&
2.4 {dH$mg H$s n[a^mfmE±
1. habm°H$ Ho$ AZwgma-
{dH$mg Ho$db A{^d¥{Õ VH$ hr gr{‘V Zht h¡ daZ² dh ì¶dpñWV VWm g‘ZwJV
n[adV©Z h¡ {Og‘| {H$ àm¡‹T>mdñWm Ho$ bú¶ H$s Amoa n[adV©Zm| H$m àJ{Verb H«$‘ {Z{hV
ahVm h¡, {OgHo$ n[aUm‘ñdê$n ì¶p³V ‘| ZdrZ {deofVmE± Ed§ ¶mo½¶VmE± àH$Q> hmoVr h¢&
Bg n[a^mfm ‘| Xmo eãXm| ì¶dpñWV Am¡a g‘ZwJV na A{YH$ ~b
{X¶m J¶m h¡& ì¶dpñWV eãX go VmËn¶© h¡ {H$ {dH$mg H$s à{H«$¶m ‘| hmoZo dmbo
n[adV©Zm| ‘| H$moB© Z H$moB© H«$‘ Adí¶ hmoVm h¡ Am¡a AmJo dmbo n[adV©Z nyd©
n[adV©Z na AmYm[aV hmoVo h¢& g‘ZwJV eãX H$m AW© h¡ n[adV©Z gå~ÝYhrZ
Zht hmVo h¢, CZ‘| Amng ‘| nañna gå~ÝY hmoVm h¡&
2. ‘wZam| Ho$ AZwgma-
{dH$mg n[adV©Z ûm¥§Ibm H$s dh AdñWm h¡ {Og‘| ~ÀMm ^«yUmdñWm go boH$a
àm¡‹T>mdñWm VH$ JwOaVm h¡, {dH$mg H$hbmVm h¡&
3. Ooåg S´oda Ho$ AZwgma -
{dH$mg dh Xem h¡ Omo àJ{Verb n[adV©Z Ho$ ê$n ‘| gVV² ê$n go 춳V hmoVr h¡&
¶h àJ{Verb n[adV©Z {H$gr ^r àmUr ‘| ^«yUmdñWm go boH$a àm¡‹T>mdñWm VH$ hmoVm
h¡& ¶h {dH$mg VÝÌ H$mo gm‘mݶ ê$n ‘| {Z¶pÝÌV H$aVm ho& ¶h àJ{V H$m ‘mZXÊS> h¡
Am¡a BgH$m Amaå^ eyݶ go hmoVm h¡&
 àJʶ d¥{Õ Am¡a {dH$mg
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
Bg àH$ma Cn¶w©³V g^r {dÛmZm| H$s n[a^mfmAm| Ho$ AmYma na H$hm
Om gH$Vm h¡ {H$ {dH$mg EH$ ì¶mnH$ eãX h¡& ~mbH$ Ho$ J^© ‘| AmVo hr {dH$mg
H$s à{H«$¶m àmaå^ hmo OmVr h¡& Omo gm‘mݶV… 9 ‘mh ¶m 10 ‘mh ¶m bJ^J
280 {XZm| VH$ hmoVr h¡& Bg Ad{Y ‘| eara Ho$ A§Jm| H$m {dH$mg hmoVm h¡ O~
J^©H$mbrZ {dH$mg nyU© hmo OmVm h¡, Vmo Cgo OÝ‘ boH$a ~mha AmZm n‹S>Vm h¡&
AV… Bggo nVm MbVm h¡ {H$ {dH$mg EH$ n[adV©Zm| H$s ûm¥§Ibm h¡&
{dH$mg H$s à{H«$¶m ‘| hmoZo dmbo n[adV©Z d§emZwH«$‘ go àmá JwUm|
VWm dmVmdaU XmoZm| H$m hr n[aUm‘ hmoVo h¢& {dH$mg H$s à{H«$¶m ‘| hmoZo dmbo
emar[aH$ n[adV©Zm| H$mo Vmo AmgmZr go XoIm Om gH$Vm h¡, {H$ÝVw Aݶ {XemAm|
‘| hmoZo dmbo n[adV©Zm| H$mo XoIZo d g‘PZo ‘| g‘¶ bJVm h¡&
2.5 d¥{Õ Ed§ {dH$mg ‘| AÝVa
A{^d¥{Õ Am¡a {dH$mg H$m AW© g‘PZo Ho$ {bE h‘| CZHo$ AÝVa H$mo g‘P
boZm Amdí¶H$ h¡& gmoaoÝgZ Ho$ AZwgma- gm‘mݶ ê$n go A{^d¥{Õ eãX H$m
à¶moJ eara Am¡a CgHo$ A§Jm| Ho$ ^ma Am¡a AmH$ma ‘| d¥{Õ Ho$ {bE {H$¶m OmVm
h¡& Bg d¥{Õ H$mo Zmnm Am¡a Vmobm Om gH$Vm h¡& {dH$mg H$m gå~ÝY A{^d¥{Õ
go Adí¶ hmoVm h¡, na ¶h eara Ho$ A§Jm| ‘| hmoZo dmbo n[adV©Zm| H$mo {deof ê$n
go 춳V H$aVm h¡, CXmhaUmW©, h[ȶm| Ho$ AmH$ma ‘| d¥{Õ hmoVr h¡, na H$‹S>r hmo
OmZo Ho$ H$maU CZHo$ ñdê$n ‘| n[adV©Z ^r hmo OmVm h¡& Bg àH$ma, {dH$mg
‘| A{^d¥{Õ H$m ^md gX¡d {Z{hV ahVm h¡& {’$a ^r, boIH$m| Ûmam XmoZm| eãXm|
H$m à¶moJ gmYmaUV… EH$ hr AW© ‘| {H$¶m OmVm h¡&
A{^d¥{Õ Am¡a {dH$mg H$s n«{H««$¶mE± Cgr g‘¶ go Amaå^ hmo OmVr h¡,
{Og g‘¶ go ~mbH$ H$m J^m©YmZ hmoVm h¡& ¶o à{H«$¶mE±, CZHo$ OÝ‘ Ho$ ~mX ^r
MbVr ahVr h¡& ’$bñdê$n, dh {dH$mg H$s {d{^ÝZ AdñWmAm| ‘| go JwOaVm
h¡, {OZ‘| CgH$m emar[aH$, ‘mZ{gH$, gm‘m{OH$ Am{X {dH$mg hmoVm h¡& AV…
h‘ habm°H$ Ho$ eãXm| ‘| H$h gH$Vo h¢-
{dH$mg, A{^d¥{Õ VH$ hr gr{‘V Zht h¡& BgHo$ ~Om¶, Bg‘| àm¡‹T>mdñWm Ho$ bú¶
H$s Amoa n[adV©Zm| H$m àJ{Verb H«$‘ {Z{hV ahVm h¡& {dH$mg Ho$ n[aUm‘ñdê$n ì¶p³V
‘| ZdrZ {deofVmE± Am¡a ZdrZ ¶mo½¶VmE± àH$Q> hmoVr h¡&
A{^d¥{Õ Ed§ {dH$mg ‘| AÝVa {ZåZ{b{IV h¢-
H«$.g§. A{^d¥{Õ {dH$mg
1. A{^d¥{Õ go VmËn¶© ‘Zwî¶ Ho$ AmH$ma {dH$mg go VmËn¶© ‘mZ{gH$, emar[aH$,
~ZmdQ> Ed§ ^ma ‘| hmoZo dmbr d¥{Õ g§doJmË‘H$ Ed§ Mm[a{ÌH$ Am{X D$Üd©Jm‘r
go h¡& n[adV©Zm| go hmoVm h¡&
2. A{^d¥{Õ gr{‘V hmoVr h¡ VWm {dH$mg H$s H$moB© gr‘m Zht hmoVr h¡& ¶h
n[an³dVm Ho$ ñVa VH$ hmoVr h¡& OÝ‘ go boH$a ‘¥Ë¶w VH$ MbVr ahVr h¡&
3. A{^d¥{Õ Ho$db ‘mÌmË‘H$ hmoVr h¡& {dH$mg ‘mÌmË‘H$ Ed§ JwUmË‘H$ XmoZm|
àH$ma H$m hmoVm h¡&
4. A{^d¥{Õ H«${‘H$ Ed§ ûm¥¥§Ibm~Õ ê$n {dH$mg H$m H$moB© H«$‘ {ZpíMV Zht hmoVm&
go hmoVr h¡&
5. A{^d¥{Õ àm¶… ñWyb ê$n ‘| Ñí¶JV {dH$mg Ñí¶ VWm AÑí¶ XmoZm| ê$nm| ‘|
hmoVr h¡& hmoVm h¡
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
n¥îR> 13
H«$.g§. A{^d¥{Õ {dH$mg
6. A{^d¥{Õ {dH$mg H$mo à^m{dV H$aVr {dH$mg A{^d¥{Õ go ~hþV H$‘ hr
h¡& à^m{dV hmoVm h¡&
7. A{^d¥{Õ Ho$db YZmË‘H$ hmoVr h¡& {dH$mg YZmË‘H$ Ed§ G$UmË‘H$ XmoZm|
hmoVm h¡&
8. A{^d¥{Õ Ho$db AmZwd§{eH$ à^md Ho$ {dH$mg na AmZwd§{eH$Vm Ho$ gmW hr
H$maU hmoVr h¡& dmVmdaU H$m ^r à^md n‹S>Vm h¡&
Cnamo³V {ddoMZ go ñnîQ> hmoVm h¡ {H$ {dH$mg A{^d¥{Õ go H$ht A{YH$
ì¶mnH$ h¡ VWm A{^d¥{Õ {dH$mg H$m EH$ A§J h¡&
2.6 {dH$mg Ho$ ê$n
{dH$mg H$s à{H«$¶m ‘| ‘w»¶ ê$n goo Mma àH$ma Ho$ n[adV©Z ÑpîQ>JV hmoVo h¢-
1. AmH$ma ‘| n[adV©Z
emar[aH$ {dH$mg H«$‘ ‘| {ZaÝVa eara Ho$ AmH$ma ‘| n[adV©Z hmoVm ahVm h¡&
AmH$mam| ‘| hmoZo dmbo n[adV©Zm| H$mo AmgmZr go XoIm Om gH$Vm h¡& emar[aH$
{dH$mg H«$‘ ‘| Am¶w d¥{Õ Ho$ gmW-gmW eara Ho$ AmH$ma d ^ma ‘| {ZaÝVa
n[adV©Z AmVm ahVm h¡&
2. AZwnmV ‘| n[adV©Z
{dH$mg H«$‘ ‘| nhbo AmH$mam| ‘| n[adV©Z hmoVm h¡, bo{H$Z ¶h n[adV©Z
AmZwnm{VH$ hmoVm h¡& àmUr Ho$ eara Ho$ g^r A§J {dH${gV Zht hmoVo h¢ Z
hr CZ‘| EH$ gmW n[an³dVm AmVr h¡& AV… g^r A§Jm| Ho$ {dH$mg H$m EH$
{ZpíMV AZwnmV Zht hmoVm h¡& O¡go- gånyU© {dH$mg H$mb ‘| öX¶ H$m ^ma
OÝ‘ Ho$ ^ma H$m Voah JwZm ~‹T> OmVm h¡, O~{H$ ‘pñVîH$ H$m ^ma Ho$db Mma
JwZm hr ~‹T>Vm h¡& AV… {dH$mg H«$‘ ‘| emar[aH$ A§Jm| Ho$ AZwnmV ‘§o AÝVa Am
OmVm h¡& CXmhaU Ho$ {bE, e¡edmdñWm ‘| ~mbH$ ñd-Ho$pÝÐV hmoVm h¡ O~{H$
~më¶mdñWm Ho$ AmVo-AmVo dh AnZo Amgnmg Ho$ dmVmdaU VWm ì¶p³V¶m| ‘|
ê${M boZo bJVm h¡&
3. nwamZr ê$naoIm ‘| n[adV©Z
àmUr Ho$ {dH$mg H«$‘ ‘| ZdrZ {deofVmAm| H$m CX¶ hmoZo go nyd© nwamZr
{deofVmAm| H$m bmon hmoVm ahVm h¡& O¡go- ~MnZ Ho$ ~mbm| Am¡a Xm±Vm| H$m g‘má
hmo OmZm, Bgr àH$ma ~MnZ H$s AñnîQ> Üd{Z¶m±, [IgH$Zm, KwQ>Zm| Ho$ ~b
MbZm, amoZm, {MëbmZm Am{X JwU g‘má hmo OmVo h¢&
4. Z¶o JwUm| H$s àm{á
{dH$mg H«$‘ ‘| Ohm± EH$ Amoa nwamZr ê$naoIm ‘| n[adV©Z hmoVm h¡ dht CgH$m
ñWmZ Z¶o JwU àmá H$a boVo h¢& O¡go- ñWm¶r Xm±V {ZH$bZm, ñnîQ> CÀMmaU
H$aZm, CN>bZm-Hy$XZm Am¡a ^mJZo-Xm¡‹S>Zo H$s j‘VmAm| H$m CX¶ hmoZm Am{X
Z¶o JwU àmUr H$mo {dH$mg H«$‘ ‘| hr àmá hmoVo h¢&
Bg àH$ma àmUr Ho$ {dH$mg H«$‘ ‘| BZ Mmam| àH$ma Ho$ n[adV©Zm| H$m
~‹S>m ‘hÎd h¡& ¶{X ¶o n[adV©Z Z hm| Vmo {H$gr ^r àmUr Ho$ {bE AnZo ^mdr
OrdZ H$s Z¶r n[apñW{V¶m| ‘| ñd¶§ H$mo g‘m¶mo{OV H$aZm H${R>Z hmo Om¶oJm&
 n¥îR> 14 d¥{Õ Am¡a {dH$mg
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
2.7 {dH$mg Ho$ {gÕmÝV
¶Ú{n {dH$mg gmd©^m¡{‘H$ VWm {ZaÝVa MbVr ahZo dmbr {H«$¶m h¡, bo{H$Z
à˶oH$ àmUr H$m {dH$mg {ZpíMV {Z¶‘m| Ho$ AmYma na hr hmoVm h¡& BÝht {Z¶‘m|
Ho$ AmYma na AZoH$ emar[aH$ d ‘mZ{gH$ {H«$¶mE± {dH${gV hmoVr ahVr h¢&
{dH$mg Ho$ Hw$N> à‘wI {Z¶‘ {ZåZ{b{IV h¢-
1. gVV² ¶m {ZaÝVa {dH$mg H$m {gÕmÝV
{dH$mg H$s à{H«$¶m A~mY J{V go MbVr ahVr h¡, ¶h J{V VoO ¶m ‘ÝX hmoVr
ahVr h¡& O¡go-~mbH$ Ho$ àW‘ VrZ dfmoª ‘| ~mbH$ Ho$ {dH$mg H$s à{H«$¶m ~hþV
Vrd« ahVr h¡& ¶h {gÕmÝV ‘mZd {dH$mg H$m g~go à‘wI {gÕmÝV h¡& {dH$mg
H$s à{H«$¶m MbVr ahVr h¡ VWm eara Ho$ Hw$N> A§Jm| H$m {dH$mg Vrd« J{V go
hmoVm h¡ VWm Hw$N> A§Jm| H$m {dH$mg ‘ÝX J{V go hmoVm h¡, {OgHo$ ’$bñdê$n
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‘Zwî¶ ‘| H$moB© AmH$pñ‘H$ n[adV©Z Zht hmoVm h¡& Bg {df¶ ‘| pñH$Za ‘hmoX¶
H$m H$WZ h¡ {H$ {dH$mg à{H«$¶mAm| H$s {ZaÝVaVm H$m {gÕmÝV Ho$db Bg ~mV
na Omoa XoVm h¡ {H$ ep³V ({dH$mg) ‘| H$moB© AmH$pñ‘H$ n[adV©Z Z hmo&
2. {dH$mg H«$‘ H$m {gÕmÝV
Bg {gÕmÝV Ho$ AÝVJ©V ~mbH$ H$m {dH$mg EH$ {ZpíMV H«$‘ go hmoVm h¡&
O¡go- ~mbH$ OÝ‘ Ho$ CnamÝV Ho$db amoVm h¡ Am¡a 3 ‘hrZo Ho$ ~mX dh EH$
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{deof àH$ma H$s AmdmO {ZH$mbVm h¡& 6 ‘mh Ho$ ~mX dh AmZÝX H$s Üd{Z
{ZH$mbZo bJVm h¡& 7 ‘mh ‘| dh AnZo ‘mVm-{nVm Ho$ {bE nm, ~m, Xm Am{X
eãXm| H$m à¶moJ H$aZo bJVm h¡& O~ ~mbH$ ^mfm H$mo ~mobZm grI OmVm h¡,
Vmo Cgo H«$‘e… ^mfm H$m n‹T>Zm Am¡a {bIZm {gIm¶m OmVm h¡& eb}, Jogob,
{n¶mOo, E{‘g Am{X Zo AnZo à¶moJm| go Bg V϶ H$mo {gÕ H$a {X¶m h¡&
3. {dH$mg H$s {d{^ÝZ J{V H$m {gÕmÝV
‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| Zo Bg {gÕmÝV Ho$ AÝVJ©V ñnîQ> {H$¶m {H$ ì¶p³V¶m| Ho$ {dH$mg
H$s J{V {^ÝZ-{^ÝZ hmoVr h¡& ¶h {^ÝZVm {dH$mg Ho$ gånyU© H$mb VH$ ~Zr
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ahVr h¡& àm¶… ¶h XoIm J¶m h¡ {H$ Omo ~mbH$ OÝ‘ Ho$ g‘¶ bå~m hmoVm h¡
dh ~‹S>m hmoZo na ^r bå~m ahVm h¡, Am¡a Omo N>moQ>m hmoVm h¡, dh gmYmaUV…
N>moQ>m ahVm h¡&
4. nañna gå~ÝY H$m {gÕmÝV
~mbH$ Ho$ emar[aH$, ‘mZ{gH$, ^mfm¶r, g§doJmË‘H$, gm‘m{OH$ Am¡a Mm[a{ÌH$
Am{X njm| Ho$ {dH$mg ‘| nañna gå~ÝY hmoVm h¡& CXmhaUñdê$n ‘Zwî¶ Ho$
eara Ho$ ~mø Ed§ AmÝV[aH$ A§Jm| ‘| d¥{Õ hmoVr h¡, CZH$m AmH$ma Ed§ ^ma
~‹T>Vm h¡, {Oggo CgH$s H$m¶©j‘Vm H$m {dH$mg hmoVm h¡& J¡[agZ Ed§ Aݶ H$m
H$WZ h¡-
eara gå~ÝYr ÑpîQ>H$moU ì¶p³V Ho$ {^ÝZ A§Jm| Ho$ {dH$mg ‘| gm‘§Oñ¶ Am¡a nañna
gå~ÝY na ~b XoVm h¡&
5. gm‘mݶ go {d{eîQ> AZw{H«$¶mAm| ¶m à{V{H«$¶mAm| H$m {gÕmÝV
~mbH$ H$m {dH$mg gm‘mݶ AZw{H«$¶mAm| go {d{eîQ> à{V{H«$¶mAm| VH$ hmoVm h¡&
habm°H$ Zo Bg {df¶ ‘| H$hm h¡-
{dH$mg H$s g~ AdñWmAm| ‘| ~mbH$ H$s à{V{H«$¶mE± {d{eîQ> ~ZZo go nyd© gm‘mݶ
àH$ma H$s hmoVr h¢&
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
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Ho$ EH$ hr à{V‘mZ hmoVo h¢&
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hmoVm h¡ {H$ dh EH$sH$aU Ûmam grIVm h¡&
8. {dH$mg H$s {ZpíMV {Xem H$m {gÕmÝV
‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| Zo ~Vm¶m h¡ {H$ ~mbH$ H$m {dH$mg EH$ {ZpíMV {Xem ‘| hr hmoVm
h¡& O¡go- àmaå^ ‘| ~mbH$ nhbo AnZm {ga CR>mZm grIVo h¢, CgHo$ CnamÝV
dh Aݶ ^mJm| na {Z¶ÝÌU H$aZm grIVm h¡, ³¶m|{H$ ‘Zwî¶ H$m {dH$mg
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~mbH$ H$mo MbZm-grIZo ‘| 12 go 18 ‘mh H$m g‘¶ bJVm h¡&
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EH$ hr ‘mVm-{nVm H$s Xmo gÝVmZ| g‘mZ Zht hmoVr h¢ VWm à˶oH$ ~ÀMo H$mo
h‘ EH$ g‘mZ n¶m©daU Zht Xo nmVo h¢& Bggo ~ÀMm| ‘| d¡¶p³VH$ {^ÝZVm Am¡a
~‹T> OmVr h¡& O¡go-bå~mB© Ho$ OrÝg àmá hmoZo na ~mbH$ bå~m hmoJm, naÝVw
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‘mZ{gH$, g§doJmË‘H$ Ed§ ^mfm¶r {dH$mg H$s J{V Yr‘r hmo Om¶oJr& pñH$Za
‘hmoX¶ Zo Bg {df¶ ‘| H$hm h¡-
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~mbH$ Ho$ {dH$mg na d§emZwH«$‘ VWm n¶m©daU H$s AÝV…{H«$¶m H$m à^md
n‹S>Vm h¡& ‘mVm-{nVm go àmá JwUm| H$m {dH$mg ~mbH$ àmH¥${VH$ Ed§ gm‘m{OH$
n[adoe ‘| ahH$a H$aVm ho& ~mbH$ Ho$ {dH$mg Ho$ {bE AmZwd§{eH$Vm go àmá
JwU AÝV{Z{h©V hmoVo h¢, {OÝh| dmVmdaU H$s AÝV…{H«$¶m Ûmam hr n[aîH¥$V
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gr‘mAm| H$mo {ZpíMV H$aVm h¡, {OZHo$ AmJo ~mbH$ H$m {dH$mg Zht {H$¶m Om
gH$Vm h¡& Bgr àH$ma h‘ XoIVo h¢ {H$ ¶{X ~mbH$ Xÿ{fV dmVmdaU ‘| {Zdmg
H$aVm h¡, Vmo Cgo Hw$nmofU VWm Aݶ amoJ hmo gH$Vo h¢, {Oggo CgH$m {dH$mg
à^m{dV hmoVm h¡&
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2.9 {dH$mg H$s {d{^ÝZ AdñWmE±
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12. gm‘m{OH$ A{YJ‘ {gÕmÝV am°g Ho$ AZwgma-

Bg {gÕmÝV Ho$ à{VnmXH$ ~ÝXÿam Am¡a dmëQ>g© Zo gm‘m{OH$ A{YJ‘ Ho$ ‘hÎd 1. e¡edmdñWm 1-3 df©
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H$mo àX{e©V {H$¶m J¶m Wm& {’$ë‘ Ho$ VrZ ^mJ Wo& à˶oH$ ~ÀMo H$mo Ho$db 4. {H$emoamdñWm 12-18 df©
EH$ àH$ma H$s {’$ë‘ {XImB© JB©& nhbr {’$ë‘ ‘| {’$ë‘ H$m hramo AmH«$m‘H$ habm°H$ Ho$ AZwgma-
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Bg àH$ma d¡km{ZH$m| Zo J^m©dñWm go d¥ÕmdñWm VH$ H$s AdñWm
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{dH$mg H$aVo h¢-
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2. e¡edmdñWm 1. nyd© {H$emoamdñWm 13-16 df©
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1. gm‘m{OH$Vm
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go ¶h ~hþV ‘hÎdnyU© AdñWm h¡& Bg AdñWm H$s à‘wI {deofVm ¶m¡Z A§Jm| Ho$ gXñ¶m| Ho$ gmW C{MV Vmb‘ob aIo, {Oggo CgH$s d¥ÕmdñWm ‘mZ{gH$
H$s n[an³dVm VWm H$m‘ ep³V H$m CX¶ hmoZm h¡& gÝVwpîQ> d empÝV Ho$ gmW ì¶VrV hmo&
~m{bH$mAm| ‘| ¶h AdñWm gm‘mݶV… 11 go 13 df© Ho$ ~rM àmaå^
hmo OmVr h¡ Am¡a ~mbH$m| ‘| ~mah go Voah df© Ho$ ~rM& 9. d¥ÕmdñWm
eara ‘| AmÝV[aH$ VWm ~mø n[adV©Zm| Ho$ H$maU H$^r-H$^r ~mbH$ OrdZ H$s ApÝV‘ AdñWm d¥ÕmdñWm h¡ Omo 60 df© go àma§^ hmoH$a OrdZ Ho$
Am¡a ~m{bH$m g§doJmË‘H$ ê$n go {dM{bV hmo OmVo h¢ Am¡a gm‘m{OH$ {Z¶ÝÌU A§{V‘ g‘¶ VH$ ‘mZr OmVr h¡& ¶h AdñWm õmg H$s AdñWm hmoVr h¡& Bg
Imo XoVo h¢& Bg AdñWm ‘| ‘mVm-{nVm H$mo ~ÀMm| H$mo eara ‘| hmoZo dmbo AdñWm ‘| emar[aH$ d ‘mZ{gH$ j‘VmAm| H$m õmg hmoZo bJVm h¡& ñ‘aU ep³V
n[adV©Zm| Ho$ {df¶ ‘| AÀN>r Vah go ~VmZm Mm{hE& H$‘ hmoZo bJVr h¡& ¶h AdñWm ì¶mdgm[¶H$ OrdZ go AdH$me H$s AdñWm
hmoVr h¡& AV… d¥Õ ì¶p³V¶m| H$s ¶h YmaUm ~Z OmVr h¡ {H$ A~ n[adma d
g‘mO H$mo CZH$s Amdí¶H$Vm Zht h¡& do Xÿgam| na ~moP h¢& CZH$s ¶h YmaUm
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
 àJʶ d¥{Õ Am¡a {dH$mg
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
CZ‘| ‘mZ{gH$ VZmd CËnÝZ H$aVr h¡& do {OÔr Am¡a H«$moYr hmo OmVo h¢, {Oggo
n[adma Ho$ gmW g‘m¶moOZ ‘| H${R>ZmB© hmoVr h¡&
2.10 {dH$mg H$mo à^m{dV H$aZo dmbo H$maH$
¶Ú{n ~mbH$ H$m {dH$mg d§emZwH«$‘ Am¡a dmVmdaU H$m JwUZ’$b hmoVm h¡,
bo{H$Z {’$a ^r Hw$N> VÎd d§emZwH«$‘ Am¡a dmVmdaU H$mo à^m{dV H$a CgHo$
{dH$mg ‘| ghm¶Vm àXmZ H$aVo h¢ ¶m {’$a {dH$mg H$mo Adê$Õ H$aVo h¢& ~mbH$m|
Ho$ {dH$mg na {OZ VÎdm| H$m à^md n‹S>Vm h¡ do {ZåZ{b{IV h¢-
1. nmofU
{H$gr ^r ~mbH$ Ho$ {dH$mg ‘| nmofU ‘hÎdnyU© ^y{‘H$m {Z^mVm h¡& J^©H$mbrZ
AdñWm go boH$a OrdZn¶©ÝV VH$ àmUr H$mo Or{dV VWm ñdñW ~Zo ahZo
Ho$ {bE CÎm‘ nmofU H$s Amdí¶H$Vm hmoVr h¡& gÝVw{bV d nm¡pîQ>H$ ^moOZ
(àmoQ>rZ, dgm, H$m~m}hmBS´>oQ>, I{ZO-bdU, {dQ>m{‘Z) emar[aH$ d ‘mZ{gH$
{dH$mg ‘| ghm¶H$ h¢&
2. ~w{Õ
{H$gr ^r ~mbH$ H$s ~w{Õ ¶m ~m¡{ÕH$ j‘VmE± CgHo$ {dH$mg Ho$ {d{^ÝZ nhbwAm|
H$mo à^m{dV H$aVr h¢& narjUm| Ho$ níMmV² ¶h {ZîH$f© {ZH$mbm J¶m h¡ {H$ Vrd«
~w{Õ ~mbH$m| H$s VwbZm ‘| ‘ÝX ~w{Õ ~mbH$m| H$m {dH$mg H$‘ hmoVm h¡& Q>‘©Z Zo
~mbH$mo§ H$m nhbr ~ma MbZo Am¡a ~mV H$aZo H$s AdñWm H$m Aܶ¶Z {H$¶m
Am¡a ~Vm¶m {H$ ~hþV àIa ~w{Õ ~mbH$m| ‘| MbZo H$s {H«$¶m 13d| ‘hrZo VWm
~mobZo H$s j‘Vm 11d| ‘hrZo ‘| àH$Q> hþB© O~{H$ Xþ~©b ~w{Õ Ho$ ~mbH$m| ‘| ¶hr
{H«$¶mE± H«$‘e… 30d| Am¡a 15 d| ‘hrZo ‘| àH$Q> hþB©&
3. ¶m¡Z
¶m¡Z ^oX ^r emar[aH$ {dH$mg H$mo hr Zht ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg H$mo ^r à^m{dV
H$aVm h¡& ¶h XoIm OmVm h¡ {H$ OÝ‘ Ho$ g‘¶ b‹S>Ho bå~mB© ‘| b‹S>{H$¶m|
H$s VwbZm ‘| Hw$N> A{YH$ bå~o hmoVo h¢ naÝVw ~mX H$s AdñWm ‘| b‹S>{H$¶m|
H$m {dH$mg VoOr go hmoVm h¡ Am¡a do b‹S>H$m| H$s VwbZm ‘| nhbo hr emar[aH$
n[an³dVm àmá H$a boVr h¢& H$m‘ ep³V ^r b‹S>{H$¶m| ‘| b‹S>H$m| go EH$ Xmo
df© nyd© hr Am OmVr h¡& Xg ½¶mah df© H$s AdñWm AmZo VH$ g‘mZ Am¶w
H$s b‹S>H$s b‹S>H$m| H$s Anojm Hw$N> bå~r hmo OmVr h¡& ~w{Õ narjUm| ‘| ^r ¶h
XoIm J¶m h¡ {H$ ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg ‘| ^r b‹S>{H$¶m± b‹S>H$m| H$s VwbZm ‘| nhbo
‘mZ{gH$ n[an³dVm àmá H$a boVr h¢& ¶m¡Z ^oX H$m ^r {dH$mg na à^md
n‹S>Vm h¡&
4. AÝV… ñÌmdr J«pÝW¶m±
‘mZd eara Ho$ AÝXa Hw$N> Eogr J«pÝW¶m± nm¶r OmVr h¢ Omo eara Ho$ {bE Eogo
ñÌmdm| H$mo CËnÝZ H$aVr h¢, Omo emar[aH$ ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg ‘| AnZm ‘hÎdnyU©
¶moJXmZ XoVo h¢& CXmhaU Ho$ {bE Jbo ‘| pñWV noamWm¶amBS> J«pÝW ApñW¶m| Ho$
{Z‘m©U ‘| ghm¶Vm àXmZ H$a emar[aH$ {dH$mg ‘| ¶moJXmZ XoVr h¡& Bgr àH$ma
Wm°¶amBS> J«pÝW Wm°¶am°p³gZ ñÌm{dV H$aVr h¡, Omo emar[aH$ d ‘mZ{gH$
{dH$mg ‘| ‘hÎdnyU© ^y{‘H$m {Z^mVr h¡& WmB‘g Am¡a Wr{Z¶b J«pÝW H$s
A{V {H«$¶merbVm go eara H$m gm‘mݶ {dH$mg ê$H$ OmVm h¡, {Oggo ~ÀMm|
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
n¥îR> 17
‘| ~MnZmdñWm Ho$ bjU ~hþV {XZ VH$ ~Zo ahVo h¢& JmoZS> J«pÝW H$s H$‘
{H«$¶merbVm ‘| {H$emoamdñWm AmZo ‘| {dbå~ hmoVm h¡ Am¡a {H«$¶merbVm ~‹T>Zo
na ¶m¡Z n[an³dVm OëXr Am OmVr h¡&
5. àOm{V
d¡km{ZH$m| Ho$ AZwgma àOmVr¶ {^ÝZVm go {dH$mg à^m{dV hmoVm h¡& ¶h ‘mZm
OmVm h¡ {H$ EH$ àOm{V Ho$ bmoJ Xÿgar àOm{V Ho$ bmoJm| go Z Ho$db emar[aH$
JR>Z, dU© Am¡a AmH¥${V ‘| {^ÝZ hmoVo h¢ A{nVw ‘mZ{gH$ ¶mo½¶VmAm| Am¡a ~w{Õ
‘| ^r n¥WH²$ hmoVo h¢& habm°H$ Zo Bg ‘V H$mo Zht ‘mZm h¡&
6. amoJ Ed§ MmoQ>
J^©H$mbrZ AdñWm go boH$a ~mX H$s AdñWmAm§o H$s ~r‘m[a¶mo§ VWm AmKmVm|
H$m ~mbH$ Ho$ {dH$mg na à^md ~‹‹T>Vm h¡& ~MnZ H$s Jå^ra ~r‘m[a¶m| Am¡a
‘mZ{gH$ AmKmVm| H$m Xþîà^md ~mbH$ Ho$ emar[aH$ d ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg na
n‹S>Vm h¡& BgHo$ {dnarV Omo ~mbH$ ñdñW ahVm h¡, CgH$m {dH$mg gm‘mݶ
T>§J go hmoVm h¡&
7. n[adma
nm[adm[aH$ dmVmdaU H$B© ê$nm| go {dH$mg H$mo à^m{dV H$aVm h¡ O¡go- ‘mVm-
{nVm Ho$ Amngr gå~ÝY, n[adma ‘| ~mbH$ H$s pñW{V, n[adma H$m AmH$ma,
~mb nmofU H$s {d{Y¶m± Am{X& ¶{X n[adma H$m AmÝV[aH$ dmVmdaU AÀN>m
hmoVm h¡, Vmo ~mbH$ H$m nmbZ-nmofU C{MV T>§J go {H$¶m OmVm h¡, grIZo Ho$
C{MV Adga àXmZ {H$¶o OmVo h¢& g^r ~mbH$m| Ho$ gmW g‘mZ ì¶dhma {H$¶m
OmVm h¡, ~mbH$-~m{bH$m ‘| AÝVa Zht g‘Pm OmVm h¡, dhm± ~mbH$m| H$m
{dH$mg g^r joÌm| ‘| gm‘mݶ T>§J go hmoVm h¡& BgHo$ {dnarV {OZ n[admam| ‘|
‘mVm-{nVm ‘| Amngr VZmd ahVm h¡, ~mbH$m| H$m nmbZ-nmofU C{MV T>§J go
Zht {H$¶m OmVm h¡, g^r ~mbH$m| Ho$ gmW g‘mZ ì¶dhma Zht {H$¶m OmVm h¡,
CÝh| grIZo Ho$ n¶m©á Adga àXmZ Zht {H$¶o OmVo h¢, dhm± ~mbH$m| H$m {dH$mg
{d{^ÝZ joÌm| ‘| gm‘mݶ T>§J go Zht hmoVm h¡&
n[adma ‘| nwéf, ñÌr Am¡a ~ÀMm| ‘| Omo gå~ÝY hmoVo h¡, CÝh| nm[adm[aH$
gå~ÝY H$hVo h¢& n[adma ‘| A{^^mdH$ Am¡a ~mbH$ XmoZm| {H$gr Z {H$gr àH$ma
EH$-Xÿgao na {Z^©a hmoVo h¢& ~mbH$m| H$mo Amaå^ go hr AÀN>o {ZX}eZ ‘| aIZm
A{^^mdH$m| H$m CÎmaXm{¶Ëd h¡& àmaå^ go hr ñZohnyU© dmVmdaU ‘| aIZo go
‘Z‘wQ>md, H$bh Am¡a g§Kf© H$s pñW{V Ho$ CËnÝZ hmoZo H$s gå^mdZm H$‘ hmoVr
h¡& A{^^mdH$ ~mbH$ gå~ÝY AÀN>o aho BgHo$ {bE nhbo Amdí¶H$ h¡ {H$
‘mVm-{nVm Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘Ywa hm|&
8. {dÚmb¶
àm¶… Mma-nm±M df© H$s Am¶w go g^r ~mbH$ ñHy$b OmVo h¢& {dÚmb¶ Ho$ Ûmam
~mbH$ H$mo {d{^ÝZ joÌm| ‘| grIZo H$m n¶m©á Adga àmá hmoVm h¡& {dH$mg
n[an³dVm Ho$ gmW-gmW {ejm H$m ^r n[aUm‘ h¡& AV… ¶{X {dÚmb¶ H$m
dmVmdaU AÀN>m hmoVm h¡, Vmo ~mbH$m| H$mo n¶m©á {ejU {X¶m OmVm h¡& {ejH$
AnZo ì¶dhma Am¡a kmZ go ~mbH$m| H$m MVw‘w©Ir {dH$mg H$aVm h¡, Vmo ~mbH$m|
H$m {dH$mg ghr T>§J go hmoVm h¡&
 n¥îR> 18 d¥{Õ Am¡a {dH$mg
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
9. nmg-n‹S>mog H$m dmVmdaU
Ka Ho$ dmVmdaU Ho$ gmW-gmW ~mbH$ {Og dmVmdaU ‘| ahVm h¡, CgH$m
à^md ^r CgHo$ {dH$mg na n‹S>Vm h¡& ¶{X nmg-n‹S>mog AÀN>m h¡, Iob H$m
gmW Am¡a {‘Ì AÀN>o h¢, Vmo ~mbH$ ‘| AÀN>r gm‘m{OH$Vm H$m {dH$mg hmoVm
h¡& BgHo$ {dnarV nmg-n‹S>mog Iam~ hmoZo go ~mbH$ ~war g§JV ‘| n‹S>H$a ~mb
AnamYr ~Z OmVo h¢&
10. gm§ñH¥${VH$ dmVmdaU
à˶oH$ Xoe Am¡a g‘mO H$s AnZr EH$ g§ñH¥${V hmoVr h¡ {OgHo$ AZwê$n à˶oH$
n[adma AnZo ~mbH$m| H$m nmbZ-nmofU H$aVm h¡& AV… ~mbH$m| H$m {dH$mg
AnZr g§ñH¥${V Ho$ AZwê$n hmoVm h¡&
11. ewÕ dm¶w Ed§ àH$me
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nm¡pîQ>H$ ^moOZ Ho$ gmW-gmW ewÕ dm¶w ^r OrZo Ho$ {bE {ZVmÝV Amdí¶H$
h¡& ewÕ dm¶w a³V H$m ewÕrH$aU H$aVr h¡, {Oggo H$mo{eH$mAm| H$s H$m¶©j‘Vm
~Zr ahVr h¡ Am¡a eara ñdñW ahH$a gwMmê$ ê$n go H$m¶© H$aVm h¡, O¡go-
J«m‘rU n[adoe ‘| nbo ~mbH$m| H$m ~m¡{ÕH$ {dH$mg ^bo hr Z hmo CZH$m emar[aH$
{dH$mg AÀN>m hmoVm h¡& BgHo$ {dnarV eham| Ho$ V§J ‘H$mZ ‘|, Ohm± àmH¥${VH$
ewÕ dm¶w H$m {ZVmÝV A^md hmoVm h¡, dhm± ~mbH$m| H$m emar[aH$ {dH$mg ^br
àH$ma Zht hmo nmVm h¡&
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Bgr àH$ma ZoÌm| H$s Á¶mo{V H$mo ~Zm¶o aIZo Ho$ {bE ^r H$m¶© H$aZo Ho$
ñWmZm| ‘| n¶m©á àH$me H$s Amdí¶H$Vm hmoVr h¡& ¶{X àmH¥${VH$ àH$me ì¶dñWm
Z hmo Vmo H¥${Ì‘ àH$me ì¶dñWm hr n¶m©á hmoZr Mm{hE AݶWm ~mbH$m| H$s ZoÌ
Á¶mo{V à^m{dV hmoVr h¡&
2.10.1 ~mb {dH$mg H$mo à^m{dV H$aZo dmbo nm[adm[aH$ H$maH$
1. A{^^mdH$ A{^d¥{Îm¶m±
~mb {dH$mg ~hþV Hw$N> A{^^mdH$m| H$s A{^d¥{Îm¶m| go à^m{dV Am¡a {ZYm©[aV
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hmoVm h¡& H$‘ Am¶w dmbo A{^^mdH$ AnZo ~mbH$m| Ho$ à{V CÎmaXm{¶Îdm| H$m
{Zdm©h Cg àH$ma Am¡a CVZr AÀN>r Vah go Zht H$aVo h¢, {OVZm {H$ A{YH$
Am¶w dmbo A{^^mdH$ H$aVo h¢&
Hw$N> g§ajH$m§o ‘oo§ AnZo ~mbH$m| Ho$ à{V A{V-g§ajU H$s A{^d¥{Îm hmoVr
h¡& ¶{X ¶h A{^d¥{Îm A{^^mdH$m| ‘| A{YH$ {XZm| VH$ MbVr h¡, Vmo ~mbH$ ‘|
AZoH$ àH$ma Ho$ {d{eîQ> bjU CËnÝZ hmo OmVo h¢, O¡go-~oM¡Zr, CÎmo{OV, erK«
naoemZ hmoZo H$s àd¥[Îm, ܶmZ bJmZo H$s H$‘ ¶mo½¶Vm, Xÿgam| na Am{lV hmoZm,
Xÿgam| go erK« à^m{dV hmoZm, AnZr ¶mo½¶VmAm| na {dídmg Z hmoZm Am{X&
Hw$N> A{^^mdH$ AnZo ~ÀMm| H$m {VañH$ma H$aZo dmbo hmoVo h¢& Bggo
~mbH$ ‘| AmH«$m‘H$Vm, {ZX©¶Vm, PyR> ~mobZo H$s àd¥{Îm, Hw$g‘m¶moOZ, g‘mO
{damoYr ì¶dhma, Aghm¶Vm H$r ^mdZm, Hw$ÊR>m VWm A{YH$ {XImdm H$aZo H$s
àd¥{Îm Am{X CËnÝZ hmo OmVr h¡&
Hw$N> A{^^mdH$ àm¶… H$R>moa ñd^md dmbo hmoVo h¢& A{^^mdH$m| Ho$
H$R>moa ñd^md Ho$ H$maU ~mbH$m| ‘| AZoH$ {d{eîQ> bjU CËnÝZ hmo gH$Vo h¢,
O¡go A{V g§doXZerbVm, A{YH$ e‘ubmnZ, hrZVm H$s ^mdZm, erK« ^«{‘V
hmoZm&
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
àJʶ
2. n[adma H$s ^mdZm
AmOH$b {dH$mgerb Am¡a {dH${gV Xoem| ‘| ݶyp³b¶a n[adma A{YH$ bmoH${à¶
hmo aho h¢& BZ n[admam| ‘§o ~mbH$m| H$m {dH$mg AÀN>m hmoVm h¡& ~‹S>o n[admam| H$s
Anojm N>moQ>o n[admam| ‘| nmañn[aH$ gå~ÝY A{YH$ AÀN>o hmoVo h¢&
g‘mOempñ̶m| Ho$ AZwgma ‘ܶ‘ AmH$ma H$m n[adma gd©loîQ> hmoVm h¡&
Bg n[adma ‘| ‘mVm-{nVm Ho$ A{V[a³V VrZ ¶m Mma ~ÀMo hmoVo h¢, nm[adm[aH$
Am¡a A{^^mdH$-~mbH$ gå~ÝYm| H$s ÑpîQ> go ¶h n[adma H$B© àH$ma go loîR>
hmoVm h¡& {Og n[adma ‘| EH$ hr ~mbH$ hmoVm h¡, dh AnZr Am¶w Ho$ Aݶ ~ÀMm|
H$s Anojm A{YH$ n[an³d hmoVm h¡& CgH$m n[adma Am¡a g‘yh ‘| gm‘m{OH$
g‘m¶moOZ AÀN>m hmoVm h¡& Cgo AnZo ‘mVm-{nVm go ñZoh ^r A{YH$ àmá
hmoVm h¡&
N>moQ>o n[admam| ‘| A{^^mdH$ AnZo ~ÀMm| Ho$ gmW A{YH$ g‘¶ XoVo h¢&
~ÀMm| H$mo g‘mZ Am¡a A{YH$ gw{dYmE± {‘bZo H$s gå^mdZm hmoVr h¡& EH$ ~‹S>m
n[adma {Og‘| 6 ¶m A{YH$ ~ÀMo hmoVo h¢, Cg‘| ~ÀMm| H$mo A{YH$ gw{dYmE±
Xo nmZm H${R>Z hmoVm h¡& CZ na {Z¶ÝÌU H$aZm ^r EH$ H${R>Z H$m¶© hmoVm h¡&
~hþYm Bg àH$ma Ho$ n[adma gw{Z¶mo{OV Zht hþAm H$aVo h¢& AV… Eogo n[admam|
‘| ~mb-{dH$mg ‘| {d{dYVm A{YH$ XoIZo H$mo {‘bVr h¡&
3. Qy>Q>o n[adma
O~ n[adma ‘| {H$gr ì¶p³V H$s ‘¥Ë¶w, VbmH$ ¶m n[adma Ho$ ~‹So$-~y‹T>o AWdm
{nVm A{YH$ {XZm| Ho$ {bE n[adma go ~mha ahVo h¢, Vmo BZ AdñWmAm| ‘| Mb
aho n[adma Qy>Q>o n[adma H$hbmVo h¢& Eogo n[admam| ‘| Am{W©H$ g‘ñ¶mE± A{YH$
O{Q>b hmoVr h¢& ¶h ^r AdñWm hmo gH$Vr h¡ {H$ n[adma ‘| ‘m± Z hmo Am¡a ~ÀMm|
H$m nmbZ-nmofU {nVm H$mo H$aZm n‹S> ahm hmo AWdm {nVm Z hmo Am¡a ~ÀMm| H$m
nmbZ-nmofU ‘m± H$mo AHo$bo hr H$aZm n‹S> ahm hmo& BZ g^r n[apñW{V¶m| H$m
~mbH$ Ho$ {dH$mg na A˶{YH$ à^md n‹S>Vm h¡&
4. ‘mVm-{nVm H$m ì¶dgm¶
~mb {dH$mg H$mo à^m{dV H$aZo dmbm ¶h EH$ ‘hÎdnyU© H$maH$ h¡& {nVm Ho$
ì¶dgm¶ H$m n[adma Ho$ ~ÀMm| go à˶j gå~ÝY h¡& A{YH$ Am¶w Ho$ ~ÀMm| H$s
gm‘m{OH$ à{VîR>m ~hþV Hw$N> {nVm Ho$ ì¶dgm¶ go {ZYm©[aV hmoVr h¡& Omo ~mbH$
AnZo {nVm Ho$ ì¶dgm¶ H$mo ~VmZo ‘| e‘© H$m AZw^d H$aVo h¢, CZ ~ÀMm| ‘|
{nVm Ho$ à{V {dnarV A{^d¥{Îm¶m± {Z{‘©V hmoVr h¢& ‘m± H$m ì¶dgm¶ ^r ~mbH$m|
Ho$ ì¶dhma H$mo ‘hÎdnyU© T>§J go à^m{dV H$aVm h¡& ¶{X ‘m± {H$gr ì¶dgm¶ ‘|
hmoVr h¡, Vmo N>moQ>o ~ÀMm| H$mo AHo$bo ahZm n‹S>Vm h¡, {Oggo CZ‘| AHo$bonZ Am¡a
AàgÝZVm H$s ^mdZmE± CËnÝZ hmo OmVr h¡&
5. n[adma H$m gm‘m{OH$ Am{W©H$ ñVa
~mb-{dH$mg H$mo n[adma H$m gm‘m{OH$ Am{W©H$ ñVa H$maH$ ^r ‘hÎdnyU© T>§J
go à^m{dV H$aVm h¡& ‘ܶ‘ loUr n[adma Ho$ ~ÀMm| go ¶h Amem H$s OmVr
h¡ {H$ dh gm‘m{OH$ AZwê$nVm ñWm{nV H$a|Jo AWm©V² ~ÀMo g‘mO Ho$ {Z¶‘m|
‘yë¶m| Am¡a ì¶dhma n«{V‘mZm| Ho$ AZwgma ì¶dhma H$a|Jo& dh H$moB© Eogm H$m¶© Z
H$a|, {Ogo {H$ n[adma H$s ~XZm‘r ¶m AmbmoMZm hmo& O~ ~mbH$m| Ho$ n[adma H$m
gm‘m{OH$ Am{W©H$ ñVa CZHo$ {‘Ìm| Ho$ n[admamo§ Ho$ gm‘m{OH$ Am{W©H$ ñVa go
{ZåZ hmoVm h¡, V~ ~mbH$ hrZ ^mdZm ‘hgyg H$a gH$Vm h¡ Am¡a ¶{X ~mbH$
 àJʶ d¥{Õ Am¡a {dH$mg
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
Ho$ n[adma H$m gm‘m{OH$ Am{W©H$ ñVa CÀM h¡, Vmo ~mbH$ AnZo n[adma, ‘mVm
Am¡a {nVm na Jd© H$m AZw^d H$aVm h¡& ¶h hrZ ^mdZm Am¡a Jd© Ho$ AZw^d
^r ~mb-{dH$mg H$mo ‘hÎdnyU© T>§J go à^m{dV H$aVm h¡&
6. A{^^mdH$m| H$m njnmV
A{YH$m§e A{^^mdH$ ~mbH$m| Ho$ gmW g‘mZVm H$m ì¶dhma Zht H$a nmVo h¢&
EZ. ~obo Zo AnZo EH$ Aܶ¶Z ‘| XoIm {H$ ‘m± AnZo ~oQ>o H$m ~o{Q>¶m| H$s Anojm
A{YH$ nj boVr h¡ VWm {nVm AnZr ~oQ>r H$m ~oQ>m| H$s Anojm A{YH$ nj boVm
h¡& BgHo$ A{V[a³V nhbo ~ÀMo H$mo ^r ‘m± A{YH$ ñZoh H$aVr h¡ Am¡a A{YH$
nj boVr h¡& BgHo$ Abmdm ‘mVm-{nVm Cg ~ÀMo H$m ^r nj boVo h¢, Omo
{Z¶{‘V ê$n go ñHy$b OmVm h¡, {OgH$s AÀN>r AmXV| hmoVr h¢ ¶m Omo n[adma
‘| A{YH$ bmoH${චhmoVm h¡& O~ ‘mVm-{nVm AnZo H$B© ~ÀMm| ‘| go Ho$db EH$
¶m Hw$N> H$m nj boVo h¢ VWm Aݶ H$m Zht, Vmo Bg AdñWm H$m ~mb-{dH$mg
na ZH$mamË‘H$ à^md n‹S>Vm h¡&
7. OÝ‘ H«$‘
~mb {dH$mg na ~mbH$ Ho$ OÝ‘-MH«$ H$m ^r à^md n‹S>Vm h¡& Aܶ¶Zm| ‘| ¶h
XoIm J¶m h¡ {H$ ‘mVm-{nVm nhbo ~mbH$ Ho$ à{V AÀN>r A{^d¥{Îm hr Zht aIVo
h¢, ~pëH$ nhbo ~mbH$ H$mo dar¶Vm A{YH$ XoVo h¢& nhbo ~mbH$ ‘| n[an³dVm,
AZwê$nVm Am¡a Am{lVVm A{YH$ hmoVr h¡& nhbo ~mbH$ Ho$ ~mX Omo ~mbH$ hmoVo
h¢, CZHo$ gmW ^r ‘mVm-{nVm H$m ì¶dhma AÀN>m hmoVm h¡, bo{H$Z ~mX Ho$ ~ÀMo
nhbo ~ÀMo H$s Anojm AnZo AmnH$mo {VañH¥$V g‘PVo h¢& Bggo ~mX Ho$ ~ÀMm|
Ho$ {dH$mg na à{VHy$b à^md n‹S>Vm h¡&
2.10.2 ~mb {dH$mg H$mo à^m{dV H$aZo dmbo {dÚmb¶
gå~ÝYr H$maH$
ñHy$b {ejm H$m ‘hÎdnyU© loîR> Am¡a g{H«$¶ gmYZ h¡& ~mbH$ Ho$ ì¶p³VËd
{dH$mg ‘| ñHy$b H$s ‘hÎdnyU© ^y{‘H$m h¡& 5-6 df© H$s AdñWm ‘| O~ ~mbH$
{dÚmb¶ ‘| àdoe boVm h¡, Vmo CgH$s AÝV…{H«$¶mAm| H$m Xm¶am ~‹T> OmVm h¡&
{dÚmb¶ Ho$ {‘Ìm| Am¡a AܶmnH$m| Ho$ gmW CgH$s AÝV-{H«$¶mE± àmaå^ hmo
OmVr h¡& bJ^J 7 df© H$s AdñWm ‘| ~mbH$ H$s ¶h AÝV…{H«$¶mE± A{YH$ ~‹T>Zo
bJ OmVr h¡& 11-12 df© H$s AdñWm VH$ CgH$s {dÚmb¶ go gå~pÝYV
AÝV…{H«$¶mE± n[adma H$s Anojm A{YH$ hmo OmVr h¡&
1. Zg©ar ñHy$b Am¡a ~mb {dH$mg
Zg©ar ñHy$b Ho$ ~ÀMm| na {H$¶o J¶o Aܶ¶Zm| go ¶h ñnîQ> hþAm h¡ {H$ Zg©ar
ñHy$b Ho$ dh ~ÀMo {OZHo$ ‘mVm-{nVm H$m g‘m¶moOZ AÀN>m hmoVm h¡, ñHy$b
‘| Eogo ~ÀMm| H$m g‘m¶moOZ ^r AÀN>m hmoVm h¡& BZ ~ÀMm| Ho$ XmoñV OëXr
~Z OmVo h¢& ¶o ~ÀMo ñHy$b Ho$ H$m¶m] ‘| ^r Aݶ g‘m¶mo{OV ~ÀMm| H$s Anojm
A{YH$ AÀN>o hmoVo h¢& ¶o {‘ÌdV² hmoVo h¢, Aݶ gmWr ~ÀMm| ‘| bmoH${චhmoVo
h¢, ‘m¡{bH$Vm Am¡a {Z‘m©UerbVm Ho$ JwU A{YH$ ‘mÌm ‘| hmoVo h¢, BZ‘| ~m¡{ÕH$
{Okmgm ^r Aݶ ~ÀMm| H$s Anojm H$‘ ‘mÌm ‘| hmoVr h¡&
2. àmB‘ar {dÚmb¶ Am¡a ~mb {dH$mg
Omo ~ÀMo àmW{‘H$ {dÚmb¶m| ‘| àdoe go nyd© Zg©ar ñHy$b ‘| {ejm J«hU H$a
MwHo$ hmoVo h¢, CÝh| Z¶o dmVmdaU ‘| g‘m¶moOZ H$aZo ‘| CVZr H${R>ZmB© Zht
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
n¥îR> 19
hmoVr, {OVZr {H$ CZ ~mbH$m| H$s {OZH$m {dÚmb¶ ‘| nhbr ~ma àdoe hþAm
h¡& Bgr àH$ma {OZ ~ÀMm| H$mo AÀN>m nm[adm[aH$ dmVmdaU Am¡a à{ejU {‘bm
h¡ CZH$m {dÚmb¶ ‘| g‘m¶moOZ Aݶ ~ÀMm| H$s Anojm OëXr Am¡a AÀN>m hmo
OmVm h¡&
3. H$jm-H$j H$m dmVmdaU
H$jm Ho$ dmVmdaU H$m ^r ~mbH$ Ho$ {dH$mg Ed§ A{YJ‘ na à^md n‹S>Vm
h¡& ¶{X H$jm-H$j H$m dmVmdaU, àOmVÝÌmË‘H$, gh¶moJnyU© h¡, Vmo {dÚmWu
‘| H$jm Ho$ Aݶ {dÚm{W©¶m| Ho$ gmW {‘ÌdV² ì¶dhma Ed§ gh¶moJ H$s ^mdZm
{dH${gV hmoVr h¡& {OZ {dÚmb¶m| ‘| H$jm AܶmnH$ hr gd}gdm© hmoVm h¡,
H$jm-H$j H$m dmVmdaU {Za§Hw$edmXr H$hbmVm h¡& Bg àH$ma Ho$ dmVmdaU ‘|
n‹T>Zo dmbo {dÚm{W©¶m| ‘| {dÐmoh H$s àd¥{Îm, {ZpîH«$¶Vm H$s àd¥{Îm A{YH$ ‘mÌm ‘|
nm¶r OmVr h¡& Eogr H$jmAm| ‘| n‹T>Zo dmbo {dÚmWu AܶmnH$ H$s AZwnpñW{V ‘|
H$moB© aMZmË‘H$ H$m¶© Zht H$a nmVo h¢& CZ H$jmAm| ‘| Ohm± AܶmnH$ {dÚm{W©¶m|
H$mo nyar Ny>Q> XoVm h¡ Am¡a H$jm ‘| n‹T>Zo dmbo {dÚm{W©¶m| Ho$ gwPmdm| H$mo ~hþV
A{YH$ ‘hÎd {X¶m OmVm h¡, CZ‘| {dÚm{W©¶m| ‘| nañna Ûof H$m ^md nm¶m
OmVm h¡& BZ {dÚm{W©¶m| ‘| aMZmË‘H$Vm H$m A^md nm¶m OmVm h¡&
4. AܶmnH$-{dÚmWu gå~ÝY
EH$ N>moQ>o ~ÀMo Ho$ {bE AܶmnH$ ‘m± H$m à{VñWm{nV ê$n h¡& Xÿgar Amoa Hw$N>
~‹S>o ~mbH$m| Ho$ {bE {ejH$ dh d¶ñH$ ì¶p³V h¡, Omo AmXaUr¶ Am¡a àe§gm
nmZo dmbm h¡, {OgHo$ ì¶dhma H$m AZwH$aU H$aZm Mm{hE& AܶmnH$ H$s
A{^d¥{Îm¶m| Ho$ à{V {dÚmWu A˶{YH$ g§doXZerb hmoVo h¢& BZ g~ ~mVm| H$m
~mbH$ Ho$ {dH$mg Am¡a A{YJ‘ na A˶{YH$ à^md n‹S>Vm h¡&
EH$ AܶmnH$ ¶{X H$jm ‘o§ S>am-Y‘H$m H$a ¶m ‘ma-nrQ>H$a {ejm
XoVm h¡, Vmo H$jm Ho$ {dÚmWu ^r H$R>moa ñd^md dmbo hmo OmVo h¢&
O~ ~mbH$ {ZåZ dJ© go gå~pÝYV hmoVo h¢, Vmo ~mbH$m| Am¡a AܶmnH$m|
Ho$ ‘yë¶ ‘| ImB© hmoVr h¡& Eogm ~mbH$ ¶m Vmo {ejH$m| H$s Amkm H$m nmbZ Zht
H$aVm ¶m AmH«$m‘H$ ad¡¶m AnZmVm h¡ ¶m CXmgrZ hmo OmVm h¡ AWdm H$jm ‘|
AZwnpñWV ahVm h¡& Eogo {dÚmWu Yr‘r J{V go grIVo h¢&
5. {dÚmb¶ H$m AZwemgZ
{dÚmb¶ H$m AZwemgZ ^r ~mbH$ Ho$ ì¶dhma Am¡a A{^d¥{Îm¶m| H$mo ‘hÎdnyU©
T>§J go à^m{dV H$aVm h¡& O~ {dÚmb¶ ‘| AZwemgZ à^wËdmË‘H$ hmoVm h¡, Vmo
Eogo dmVmdaU CËnÝZ hmo OmVr h¡, O¡go- A{YH$ g§doXZerbVm, AÝV‘w©Ir
ì¶p³VËd, g§Xoh H$aZm, e‘ubmnZ, AbJ-AbJ Am¡a AHo$bm ahZo H$s àd¥{Îm
Am{X& O~ {dÚmb¶ ‘| AZwemgZ àOmVm§{ÌH$ àH$ma H$m hmoVm h¡, Vmo ~mbH$mo§
‘| àgÝZVm, gh¶moJ, AmË‘ ‘hÎd Am¡a {dídmg H$s ¶mo½¶Vm Am{X ì¶p³VÎd
{deofVmE± CËnÝZ hmo OmVr h¢&
Hw$N> {dÚmWu Eogo hmoVo h¢, {OZH$s H$jm ‘| CnbpãY CZH$s ¶mo½¶VmAm|
H$mo XoIVo hþE AnojmH¥$V Hw$N> H$‘ hmoVr h¡& {dÚmWu H$s H$‘ e¡{jH$ CnbpãY
H$m H$maU n[adma, ñHy$b Am¡a {dÚmWu go ñd¶§ go gå~pÝYV hmo gH$Vm h¡& BZ
g~H$m à^md ~mbH$ Ho$ {dH$mg Am¡a A{YJ‘ na n‹S>Vm h¡&
EH$ Aݶ Aܶ¶Z ‘| ¶h XoIm J¶m {H$ àmW{‘H$ ñHy$b Ho$ AZw^dm|
Am¡a ~ÀMm| Ho$ ñd¶§ Ho$ à{V à˶jrH$aU ‘| K{ZîR> gå~ÝY h¡& Bg Aܶ¶Z
 n¥îR> 20 d¥{Õ Am¡a {dH$mg
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
‘| ¶h XoIm J¶m {H$ Omo ~ÀMo ¶h g‘PVo h¢ {H$ {ejH$ H$s ÑpîQ> ‘| dh AÀN>o
~ÀMo h¢& Eogo ~ÀMm| H$m ì¶dhma A{YH$ Cn¶w³V hmoVm h¡ VWm Eogo ~ÀMm| H$s
e¡{jH$ CnbpãY ^r AnojmH¥$V A{YH$ AÀN>r hmoVr h¡& ~ÀMm| H$mo gm‘m{OH$
VWm g§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mg ‘| ñHy$b Ho$ gmW g‘yh H$m à^md gdm©{YH$ n‹S>Vm h¡&
6. ñHy$b Am¡a M[aÌ
n[adma Ho$ ~mX {dÚmb¶ ^r ~mbH$ Ho$ Z¡{VH$ Am¡a Mm[a{ÌH$ {dH$mg na
‘hÎdnyU© T>§J go à^md n‹S>Vm h¡& {dÚmb¶ Ho$ {ejH$, ghnmR>r Am¡a dmVmdaU
Am{X g^r Hw$N> ~mbH$ Ho$ Z¡{VH$ {dH$mg ‘| Hw$N> ¶moJXmZ Adí¶ XoVo h¢& EH$
{dÚmb¶ {Og H$m gm‘mݶ AZwemgZ Am¡a ì¶dñWm R>rH$ hmoVr h¡, dhm± n‹T>Zo
dmbo ~mbH$m| H$mo Mm[a{ÌH$ {dH$mg Ho$ {bE gwÝXa dmVmdaU {‘bVm h¡&
7. ñHy$b Am¡a gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg
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{dÚmb¶ ‘| {ejH$m| Am¡a ~mbH$m| Ho$ {‘Ì ^r ~mbH$ Ho$ gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg ‘|
¶moJXmZ XoVo h¢& {dÚmb¶ ‘| ~mbH$ H$mo AnZr Am¶w Ho$ AZoH$ ~mbH$m| Ho$ gmW
~¡R>Zo Am¡a grIZo H$m Adga hr Zht {‘bVm h¡, ~pëH$ Cgo ~‹S>o ~ÀMm| Ho$
gm‘m{OH$ AZw^d gwZZo Am¡a gm‘m{OH$ ì¶dhma H$mo XoIZo H$m Adga {‘bVm
h¡& ’$bñdê$n dh g‘mO Ho$ {d{^ÝZ ‘yë¶m| go gå~pÝYV ì¶dhma H$m A{YJ‘
H$aVm h¡& {dÚmb¶ ‘| dh gh¶moJ, {‘ÌVm, CÎmaXm{¶Îd Am¡a AmË‘{Z^©aVm
Am{X grIVm h¡&
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2.11 ‘mZd {dH$mg Ho$ {d{^ÝZ Am¶m‘
‘mZd {dH$mg H$m joÌ A{V ì¶mnH$ h¡& Bg‘| emar[aH$, ‘mZ{gH$, ^mfm¶r
g§doJmË‘H$, gm‘m{OH$, Mm[a{ÌH$, gm§ñH¥${VH$, Am{W©H$, AmܶmpË‘H$ Am{X
g^r àH$ma Ho$ njm| ‘| {dH$mg g‘m{hV hmoVm h¡, naÝVw {ejm ‘Zmo{dkmZ ‘|
‘mZd Ho$ {deof ê$n go ~mbH$ Ho$ emar[aH$, ‘mZ{gH$, ^mfm¶r, g§doJmË‘H$,
gm‘m{OH$ Ed§ Mm[a{ÌH$ njm| Ho$ {dH$mg H$m Aܶ¶Z {H$¶m OmVm h¡& BZ njm|
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H$m g§jon ‘| dU©Z àñVwV h¡-
1. emar[aH$ {dH$mg
ì¶p³V Ho$ emar[aH$ {dH$mg H$m gå~ÝY CgHo$ eara Ho$ T>m±Mo, Zm‹S>r VÝÌ,
eara Ho$ Am§V[aH$ g§ñWmZ, O¡go- a³V g§Mma g§ñWmZ, nmMZ g§ñWmZ, Am{X
‘| ‘m±gno{e¶m| Am¡a AÝV… ñÌmdr J«pÝW¶m| ‘|o d¥{Õ go ~mbH$ ‘| g§doJmË‘H$
pñWaVm, Jm‘H$ j‘Vm Ed§ Aݶ n[adV©Z hmoVo h¢ Am¡a ¶o n[adV©Z ~mbH$ Ho$
ì¶dhma H$mo à^m{dV H$aVo h¢&
2. ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg
~mbH$ Ho$ ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg go VmËn¶© CgH$s ‘mZ{gH$ {H«$¶mAm| Ed§ ¶mo½¶VmAm|
Ho$ {dH$mg go hmoVm h¡& BZHo$ AÝVJ©V ~w{Õ, g§doXZm, à˶jrH$aU, {ZarjU,
ê${M, ܶmZ, H$ënZm, {MÝVZ, VH©$, {ZU©¶, ñ‘¥{V, {dñ‘¥{V, Am{X ‘mZ{gH$
{H«$¶mAm| Ed§ ¶mo½¶VmAm| H$m {dH$mg AmVm h¡ Am¡a BZ {H«$¶mAm| Ed§ ¶mo½¶VmAm|
Ho$ {dH$mg go ‘mZd ì¶dhma à^m{dV hmoVm h¡&
3. ^mfm¶r {dH$mg
~mbH$ Ho$ ^mfm¶r {dH$mg go VmËn¶© h¡ CgHo$ ^mdm| Ed§ {dMmam| H$mo A{^춳V
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
àJʶ
H$aZo Ho$ {bE Omo ÜdݶmË‘H$ gmYZ CgHo$ nmg h¡, {Ogo ^mfm H$hVo h¢ CgH$m
{dH$mg& ~mbH$ H$s dmH²$ ep³V OÝ‘OmV hmoVr h¡, naÝVw ^mfm H$m {dH$mg
CgHo$ dmVmdaU go AÝV… {H«$¶m Ûmam hmoVm h¡& ^mfm {dH$mg H$m gå~ÝY gwZZo,
~mobZo, n‹T>Zo Am¡a {bIZo Ho$ ^mfm¶r H$m¡ebm| Ho$ {dH$mg go hmoVm h¡&
4. g§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mg
~mbH$ Ho$ g§doJm| Ho$ {dH$mg H$mo g§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mg H$hVo h¢& ~mbH$ ‘| ‘yb
àd¥{Îm¶m| Ho$ ê$n ‘| H$moB© g§doJ {N>nm hmoVm h¡- O¡go nbm¶Z Ho$ nrN>o ^¶& O~
¶o g§doJ ~mbH$ Ho$ ì¶dhma Ho$ ñWm¶r AmYma ~Z OmVo h¢, Vmo BÝh| ñWm¶r ^md
H$hm OmVm h¡& O¡go-O¡go ~mbH$ H$m emar[aH$ Ed§ ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg hmoVm h¡,
CgHo$ g§doJm| ‘| ^r {dH$mg hmoVm h¡&
5. gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg
gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg go VmËn¶© ì¶p³V H$m g‘mO Ed§ CgH$s e¡br H$mo grIZo
Am¡a CgHo$ gmW g‘m¶moOZ H$aZo go hmoVm h¡& ~mbH$ {Og g‘mO ‘| ahVm h¡
CgH$s ^mfm, ahZ-ghZ, ar{V-[admO, naånamE± Am{X H$mo grIZo ‘| Cgo
AnZo Amngo g‘m¶moOZ H$aZm hmoVm h¡& Omo ~mbH$ BZHo$ {bIZo Ed§ Aä¶mg
‘| AÀN>m g‘m¶moOZ H$a gH$Vm h¡ dh gm‘m{OH$ ê$n go A{YH$ {dH${gV
H$hbmVm h¡& g§jon ‘| gm‘m{OH$ n[apñW{V¶m| go g‘m¶moOZ gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg
H$hbmVm h¡&
6. Mm[a{ÌH$ {dH$mg
Mm[a{ÌH$ {dH$mg go VmËn¶© h¡- gm‘m{OH$ Ed§ Ym{‘©H$ {ZX}em| Ho$ AZwgma
AmMaU H$aZm& BgHo$ {bE ~mbH$ H$mo AnZo D$na {Z¶ÝÌU H$aZm hmoVm h¡& ¶h
{Z¶ÝÌU {OVZm Iy~gyaVr go ì¶p³V H$a gH$Vm h¡, dh CVZm hr Mm[a{ÌH$
ê$n go {dH${gV H$hbmVm h¡& gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg ‘| g‘mO Ho$ ar{V-[admOm|,
ahZ-ghZ, ^mfm, naånamAm| Am{X H$mo grIZm Am¡a à¶moJ H$aZm hmoVm h¡&
M[aÌ ‘| gm‘m{OH$ Ed§ Ym{‘©H$ {Z¶‘m| Ho$ AZwgma, AmMaU H$aZm hmoVm h¡&
AV… XmoZm| ‘| AÝVa h¡&
2.12 d¥{Õ Ed§ {dH$mg H$m e¡{jH$ ‘hÎd
A{^d¥{Õ Ed§ {dH$mg Ho$ {gÕmÝVm| H$s OmZH$mar AܶmnH$ Am¡a A{^^mdH$ Ho$
{bE {ZåZmZwgma bm^àX hmo gH$Vr h¡-
1. {dH$mg EH$ gVV² à{H«$¶m h¡& AV… AܶmnH$ Ed§ A{^^mdH$m| H$mo
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H$aVo ah|&
2. ì¶p³VJV {d{^ÝZVm Ho$ kmZ go AܶmnH$m| Ed§ A{^^mdH$m| Ho$
{dH$mg H$s à˶oH$ AdñWm ‘| à˶oH$ ~mbH$ H$mo CgH$s ñd¶§ H$s
j‘Vm, ¶mo½¶Vm Am¡a gr‘mAm| Ho$ AÝXa {dH$mg Ho$ {bE à¶ËZ H$aVo
ahZm Mm{hE&
3. {dH$mg H«$‘ Ho$ {gÕmÝV Ûmam h‘| ¶h kmV hmo gH$Vm h¡ {H$ A‘wH$
~mbH$ H$s A‘wH$ AdñWm VH$ ³¶m {dH$mg hmoZm Mm{hE Am¡a BgHo$
AZwgma h‘ ~mbH$ Ho$ {bE n¶m©daUr¶ AZw^dm| H$m g§JR>Z H$a Cg
AdñWm VH$ H$s nyU©Vm àmá H$aZo Ho$ {bE à¶mg H$a gH$Vo h¢&
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4. gm‘mݶ go {d{eîQ> Ed§ g‘Ýd¶ Ho$ {gÕmÝV H$m Cn¶moJ A{YJ‘
à{H«$¶mAm| Am¡a A{YJ‘ AZw^dm| H$s ¶moOZm Ed§ g§JR>Z H$aZo Ho$
Aä¶mgmW© àíZ
{bE H$a gH$Vo h¢ {Oggo ~mbH$ H$mo {dH$mg Ho$ gÝX^© ‘| A{YH$V‘
bm^ {‘b gHo$&
5. nañna gå~ÝY Ho$ {gÕmÝV Ho$ kmZ go AܶmnH$ Ed§ A{^^mdH$ ¶h 1. {dH$mg H$m AW© h¡-
g‘P gH$Vo h¢ {H$ ~mbH$ Ho$ ì¶p³VËd Ho$ {H$gr EH$ nj Ho$ {dH$mg (1) n[adV©Zm| H$s CÎmamoÎma ûm¥§Ibm
H$s Amoa hr A{YH$ ܶmZ Zht XoZm h¡ daZ² gånyU© {dH$mg H$s Amoa (2) A{^àoaUm Ho$ ’$bñdê$n hmoZo dmbo n[adV©Zm| H$s CÎmamoÎma ûm¥§Ibm
ܶmZ XoZm h¡ AݶWm EH$ hr nj Ho$ {dH$mg Ho$ H$maU {dH$mg Ho$ (3) A{^àoaUm Ed§ AZw^d Ho$ ’$bñdê$n hmoZo dmbo n[adV©Zm| H$s CÎmamoÎma
Aݶ nj à^m{dV hm|Jo& ûm¥§Ibm
6. MH«$mH$ma {dH$mg Ho$ {gÕmÝV H$s OmZH$mar go AܶmnH$ Ed§ (4) n[an³dVm Ed§ AZw^d Ho$ ’$bñdê$n hmoZo dmbo n[adV©Zm| H$s ûm¥§Ibm
A{^^mdH$ ~mbH$ Ho$ {dH$mg Ho$ {H$gr ñVa VH$ CgHo$ g‘m¶moOZ
2. ‘mZd A{^d¥{Õ go VmËn¶© h¡-
Ho$ {bE n¶m©á dmVmdaU àXmZ H$a gH$Vo h¢&
(1) ‘mZd eara Ho$ AmH$ma, ^ma d H$m¶©ep³V¶m| ‘| d¥{Õ
7. {ZpíMV {Xem Ho$ {gÕmÝV Ho$ AmYma na AܶmnH$ Ed§ A{^^mdH$ (2) ‘mZd H$m kmZ ~‹T>Zm
~mbH$m| Ho$ {bE C{MV A{YJ‘ AZw^d Ed§ n¶m©daUr¶ AdñWmAm| (3) ì¶p³VËd H$m {dH$mg hmoZm
H$m g§MmbZ H$a gH$Vo h¢ Am¡a Cg {Xem ‘| {dH$mg ‘| d¥{Õ H$a (4) AmܶmpË‘H$ {dH$mg hmoZm
gH$Vo h¢&
8. d§eH«$‘ Ed§ n¶m©daU H$s A§V…{H«$¶m Ho$ {gÕmÝV go ~mbH$ H$s 3. d¥{Õ Am¡a {dH$mg h¡-
gr‘mAm| H$s OmZH$mar àmá H$a gH$Vo h¢ Am¡a CZ gr‘mAm| ‘| (1) EH$-Xÿgao Ho$ {damoYr (2) EH$-Xÿgao Ho$ g‘mZ
A{YH$V‘ {dH$mg H$o {bE C{MV Ed§ n¶m©á n¶m©daUr¶ pñW{V¶m| (3) EH$-Xÿgao Ho$ nyaH$ (4) BZ‘| go H$moB© Zht
H$m {Z‘m©U {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡&
4. {dH$mg CËnmX h¡- ~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$
(1) A{YJ‘ H$m H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU
************** àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr
(2) n[an³dVm H$m
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(4) Aä¶mg H$m
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{‘bH$a ìhmQ²>gEn Jw«n ~Zm b|& (1) {ZpíMV
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(1) A{^d¥{Õ emar[aH$ hmoVr h¡&
HTET - 72209 29266
CGTET - 72209 28969
(2) A{^d¥{Õ ‘mÌmË‘H$ hmoVr h¡&
HPTET - 72209 28535 (3) A{^d¥{Õ ‘mnZr¶ hmoVr h¡&
(4) A{^d¥{Õ OrdZn¶©ÝV MbZo dmbr à{H«$¶m h¡&
AmnHo$ ³bmg Ho$ ìhmQ²>gEn Jw«n ‘| {ejm g§~§Yr g^r à{V¶moJr narjm Ho$ nong©, ‘m°S>b 7. {dH$mg Ho$ gÝX^© ‘| {ZåZ ‘| go H$m¡Zgm H$WZ g˶ Zht h¡?
nong© Ed§ Aݶ Aܶ¶Z gm‘J«r ^oOr OmEJr& AmnH$m ewê$ go ‘mJ©Xe©Z {H$¶m OmEJm, (1) {dH$mg H$s à˶oH$ AdñWm Ho$ AnZo IVao h¡&
Vm{H$ Amn à{V¶moJr narjm ‘| A{VerK« g’$bVm àmá H$a gH|$& (2) {dH$mg CH$gmZo/~‹T>mdm XoZo go Zht hmoVm h¡&
(3) {dH$mg gm§ñH¥${VH$ n[adV©Zm| go à^m{dV hmoVm h¡&
(4) {dH$mg H$s à˶oH$ AdñWm H$s AnZr {deofVmE± hmoVr h¡&

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
(3) (1) (3) (3) (1) (4) (2)

~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
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8. {ZåZ ‘o§ go H$m¡Zgm H$WZ {dH$mg Ho$ ~mao ‘| g˶ Zht h¡? 17. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgm H$maH$ ~mb {dH$mg H$mo à^m{dV Zht H$aVm
(1) {dH$mg AÝV…{H«$¶m H$m ’$b h¡& h¡?
(2) {dH$mg EH$ ì¶dpñWV ûm¥§Ibm H$m AZwJm‘r h¡& (1) g§ñH¥${V (2) àOm{V
(3) {dH$mg EH$ ì¶p³VJV à{H«$¶m h¡& (3) d¥{Õ (4) CnbpãY
(4) {dH$mg {d{eîQ> go gm‘mݶ H$s Amoa hmoVm h¡&
18. ‘mZd {dH$mg H$s {H$g AdñWm ‘| ~ÀMm| Ho$ grIZo H$s J{V gdm©{YH$
9. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgm/go n[adV©Z ~mbH$m| H$s A[^d¥{Õ H$mo hmoVr h¡?
Xem©Vm h¡/h¢? (1) ~më¶mdñWm (2) e¡edmdñWm
(1) ~mbH$ Ho$ eara H$s bå~mB© ‘| n[adV©Z (3) àm¡‹T>mdñWm (4) {H$emoamdñWm
(2) ~mbH$ H$s ApñW¶m| Ho$ AmH$ma Ed§ ‘mÌm ‘|$ n[adV©Z
(3) ~mbH$ Ho$ Hw$b emar[aH$ ^ma ‘| n[adV©Z 19. ‘mZd H$m {dH$mg {ZåZ ‘§o go {H$g na {Z^©a hmoVm h¡?
(4) Cnamo³V g^r (1) CgH$s d¥{Õ na
(2) CgHo$ dmVmdaU na

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10. {dH$mg Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘| H$m¡Zgm H$WZ ghr h¡? (3) CgH$s ~w{Õ na
(1) {dH$mg ‘| A{^d¥{Õ {Z{hV ahVr h¡& (4) CgH$s d¥{Õ VWm dmVmdaU go {‘bZo dmbr n[an³dVm na
(2) {dH$mg gVV² n[adV©Z H$s à{H«$¶m h¡&
(3) {dH$mg ‘| g^r n[adV©Z {ZíM¶mË‘H$ hmoVo h¢& 20. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go {H$g AdñWm ‘| ~ÀMo AnZo g‘d¶ñH$ g‘yh Ho$
(4) {dH$mg EH$ OrdZn¶©ÝV MbZo dmbr à{H«$¶m h¡& g{H«$¶ gXñ¶ hmo OmVo h¢?
ghr {dH$ën MwZ|- (1) {H$emoamdñWm (2) àm¡‹T>mdñWm
(1) Ho$db 1 ghr h¡ (2) Ho$db 2 ghr h¡ (3) nyd© ~më¶mdñWm (4) ~më¶mdñWm
(3) 1 Am¡a 2 ghr h¢ (4) Cn¶w©³V g^r ghr h¡
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21. g§H$ënZmAm| H$s ì¶dpñWV àñVw{V {dH$mg Ho$ {ZåZ{b{IV {H$g

11. ‘mZdr¶ ‘yë¶m| Omo àH¥${V ‘| gmd©{ÌH$ h¡, Ho$ {dH$mg H$m AW© h¢? {gÕmÝV Ho$ gmW gå~pÝYV hmo gH$Vr h¡?
(1) ‘VmamonU (2) A§JrH$aU (1) {dÚmWu {^ÝZ Xam| na {dH${gV hmoVo h¢&
(3) AZwH$aU (4) A{^ì¶p³V (2) {dH$mg gmnoj ê$n go H«${‘H$ hmoVm h¡&
(3) {dH$mg Ho$ n[aUm‘ñdê$n d¥{Õ hmoVr h¡&
12. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go {H$gH$m à^md ~mbH$ Ho$ {dH$mg na n‹S>Vm h¡? (4) {dH$mg {df‘OmVr¶Vm go ñdm¶ÎmVm H$s Amoa AJ«ga hmoVm h¡&
(1) n[adma (2) g‘mO
(3) {dÚmb¶ (4) ¶o g^r 22. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgm {dH$mg H$m {gÕmÝV h¡?
(1) {dH$mg H$s g^r à{H«$¶mE± AÝV…gå~pÝYV Zht h¡&
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13. ‘mZd {dH$mg H$mo à^m{dV H$aZo dmbm/dmbo ‘w»¶ H$maH$ h¡/h¢- (2) g^r H$s {dH$mg Xa g‘mZ Zht hmoVr h¡&
(1) d§emZwH«$‘ (2) n¶m©daU (3) {dH$mg h‘oem aoIr¶ hmoVm h¡&
(3) d§emZwH«$‘ d n¶m©daU (4) BZ‘o§ go H$moB© Zht (4) ¶h {ZaÝVa MbZo dmbr à{H«$¶m Zht h¡&
14. {dH$mg Ho$ A{YJ‘ {gÕmÝV H$m à{VnmXZ {H$gZo {H$¶m? 23. d¥{Õ eãX H$m à¶moJ .......... n[adV©Zm| Ho$ {bE VWm {dH$mg H$m
(1) Ooåg S´>oda (2) am°~Q>© [aMS>©gZ gr¶g© à¶moJ .......... n[adV©Zm| Ho$ gmW-gmW .......... n[adV©Zm| Ho$ {bE
(3) ³bmH©$ hb (4) ‘¡³Sy>Jb
^r hmoVm h¡&
15. gmW©H$ A{YJ‘ H$s à{H«$¶m {dH$mg H$s {H$g AdñWm go Amaå^ hmoVr (1) ì¶mdhm[aH$, ì¶mdhm[aH$, n[a‘mUmË‘H$
h¡? (2) ì¶mdhm[aH$, n[a‘mUmË‘H$, ì¶mdhm[aH$
(1) {H$emoamdñWm go (2) d¶ñH$mdñWm go (3) n[a‘mUmË‘H$, n[a‘mUmË‘H$, ì¶mdhm[aH$
(3) e¡edmdñWm go (4) ~më¶mdñWm go (4) n[a‘mUmË‘H$, ì¶mdhm[aH$, n[a‘mUmË‘H$

16. {H$g AdñWm ‘| K{ZîR> {‘ÌVm H$s àd¥{Îm nmB© OmVr h¡? 24. ‘mZd {dH$mg H$s {H$g AdñWm Ho$ ~mX ì¶p³V n[an³d hmo OmVm h¡?
(1) {H$emoamdñWm ‘| (2) ~më¶mdñWm ‘| (1) ~më¶mdñWm (2) e¡edmdñWm
(3) e¡edmdñWm ‘| (4) Cnamo³V ‘| go H$moB© Zht (3) àm¡‹T>mdñWm (4) {H$emoamdñWm

8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24.
(4) (4) (4) (2) (4) (3) (2) (3) (1) (4) (2) (4) (1) (2) (2) (3) (4)

~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
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25. {ejU H$s {d{^ÝZ {d{Y¶m| Ho$ à¶moJ Ho$ {bE H$m¡Zgr AdñWm gdm©{YH$ 33. {H$emoamdñWm H${R>Z H$mb H$hm OmVm h¡$-
Cn¶w³V h¡? (1) emar[aH$ {dH$mg ‘| Vrd«Vm Ho$ H$maU
(1) ~më¶mdñWm (2) e¡edmdñWm (2) ‘yë¶m|, AmXem] d g§doJm| ‘| g§Kf© Ho$ H$maU
(3) àm¡‹T>mdñWm (4) {H$emoamdñWm (3) AmdoJm| d g§doJm| ‘| n[adV©Z Ho$ H$maU
(4) Cnamo³V g^r
26. ‘¢ H$m¡Z hÿ±, ‘¢ ³¶m hÿ±, ‘¢ ^r Hw$N> hÿ±, Am{X O¡gr à~b ^mdZmE±, ~mbH$
Ho$ {dH$mg H$s {H$g AdñWm H$s gyMH$ hmoVr h¡? 34. {H$emoamdñWm H$s ‘w»¶ {deofVm h¡-
(1) {H$emoamdñWm (2) e¡edmdñWm (1) H$m‘ ep³V H$s n[an³dVm
(3) àm¡‹T>mdñWm (4) ~më¶mdñWm (2) ñdVÝÌVm d {dÐmoh H$s ^mdZm
(3) OrdZ Xe©Z H$m {Z‘m©U
27. EH$ 13 dfu¶ ~mbH$ ~mV-~mV ‘| AnZo ~‹S>m| go PJ‹S>m H$aZo bJVm (4) Cnamo³V g^r
h¡ Am¡a h‘oem ñd¶§ H$mo ghr gm{~V H$aZo H$s H$mo{ee H$aVm h¡& dh
{dH$mg H$s {H$g AdñWm ‘| h¡? 35. {H$emoamdñWm Ho$ {dH$mg H$m/Ho$ {gÕmÝV h¡/h¢-
(1) àmapå^H$ ~më¶mdñWm (1) Ëd[aV {dH$mg H$m {gÕmÝV
(2) {H$emoamdñWm (2) H«$‘e… {dH$mg H$m {gÕmÝV
(3) ¶wdmdñWm (3) Cnamo³V XmoZm|
(4) ~më¶mdñWm (4) BZ‘| go H$moB© Zht

28. am°g Ho$ AZwgma e¡edmdñWm ‘mZr OmVr h¡- 36. {dH$mgmË‘H$ H$m¶© H$m à˶¶ {X¶m h¡?
(1) 1 go 3 df© (2) 1 go 5 df© (1) Mmëg© S>m{d©Z Zo (2) S>mëQ>Z Zo
(3) 1 go 4 df© (4) 1 go 6 df© (3) ’«$m¶S> Zo (4) hoqdJhñQ>© Zo

29. {ejm H$s X¥pîQ> go ‘mZd {dH$mg H$s H$m¡Zgr AdñWmE± ‘hÎdnyU© h¢? 37. {H$emoamdñWm H$m Amaå^ hmoVm h¡-
(1) e¡edmdñWm, ~më¶mdñWm, {H$emoamdñWm (1) 8 df© H$s Am¶w go (2) 11 df© H$s Am¶w go
(2) ~më¶mdñWm, {H$emoamdñWm, d¶ñH$mdñWm (3) 12 df© H$s Am¶w go (4) 16 df© H$s Am¶w go
(3) {g’©$ {H$emoamdñWm 38. {H$emoamdñWm H$s Mm[a{ÌH$ {deofVm h¡-
(4) BZ‘| go H$moB© Zht (1) g‘m¶moOZ H$m A^md
30. {H$g AdñWm Ho$ àW‘ 6 dfm] ‘| ~mbH$ ~mX Ho$ 12 dfm] go A{YH$ (2) ‘mZd Y‘© H$m ‘hÎd
(3) g§ñH¥${V d gä¶Vm H$m g§ajU
grI boVm h¡? ~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg
nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m (4) Cnamo³V g^r
(1) e¡edmdñWm h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
(2) ~më¶mdñWm àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ>
39. e¡edmdñWm ‘| g§M¶rH$mb {H$go H$hVo h¢?
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(3) {H$emoamdñWm na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF (1) OÝ‘ go 3 df© (2) 1 go 3 df©
(4) BZ‘| go H$moB© Zht S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
(3) 2 go 5 df© (4) 3 go 6 df©
31. e¡edmdñWm ‘| {eew H$mo {ZåZ àH$ma {ejm Xr OmZr Mm{hE- 40. {H$emoam| H$s ê${M ‘| ñWm{¶Ëd {H$g H$mb ‘| AmVm h¡?
(1) AmË‘ àXe©Z Ho$ Adga (1) 12-14 df© (2) 13-15 df©
(2) {MÌm| d H$hm{Z¶m| Ûmam {ejm (3) 14-16 df© (4) 16-18 df©
(3) {d{^ÝZ A§Jm| H$s {ejm
(4) Cnamo³V g^r 41. e¡edmdñWm H$r {deofVm Zht h¡-
(1) emar[aH$ {dH$mg ‘| Vrd«Vm
32. ñQ>oZbo hm°b Zo {H$g AdñWm H$mo ~‹S>o g§Kf©, VZmd d Vy’$mZ H$s (2) Xÿgam| na {Z^©aVm
AdñWm H$hm h¡? (3) ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg ‘§o Vrd«Vm
(1) J^m©dñWm (2) e¡edmdñWm (4) Z¡{VH$Vm H$m hmoZm
(3) ~më¶mdñWm (4) {H$emoamdñWm

25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41.
(1) (1) (2) (1) (1) (1) (4) (4) (4) (4) (3) (4) (2) (4) (1) (4) (4)

~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
 n¥îR> 24 d¥{Õ Am¡a {dH$mg àJʶ
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
42. ~MnZ Ho$ gmåà{VH$ X¥pîQ>H$moU H$s ‘mݶVm h¡- 50. {dH$mg Ho$ n[aàoú¶ ‘| g‘¶ Ho$ gmW hmoZo dmbo n[adV©Zm| ‘| {ZåZ ‘|
(1) ~hþV VarHo$ go ~ÀMo àmßVd¶ñH$m| Ho$ ~am~a hmoVo h¢& go ³¶m em{‘b h¡?
(2) ~ÀMm| H$mo ¶wdm àmßVd¶ñH$m| Ho$ ê$n ‘| g~go AÀN>m ‘mZm OmVm h¡& (1) ê$n (2) Xa
(3) ~MnZ AmYm[aV ê$n go àVrjm Ad{Y h¡& (3) AZwH«$‘ (4) BZ‘| go g^r
(4) ~MnZ d¥{Õ Ed§ n[adV©Z H$s EH$ AZyR>r Ad{Y h¡&
51. {ZMbr H$jmAm| ‘| {ejU H$s Iob nÕ{V ‘ybê$n go AmYm[aV h¡-
43. {ejm ‘Zwî¶ H$s OÝ‘OmV ep³V¶m| H$m ñdm^m{dH$, g‘ag d (1) emar[aH$ {ejm H$m¶©H«$‘m| Ho$ {gÕmÝVm| na
àJ{Verb {dH$mg h¡& ¶h H$WZ h¡- (2) {ejU-nÕ{V¶m|$ Ho$ {gÕmÝVm| na
(1) ßboQ>mo H$m (3) {dH$mg Ed§ d¥{Õ Ho$ ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ {gÕmÝVm| na
(2) ê$gmo H$m (4) {ejU Ho$ g‘mOemñÌr {gÕmÝVm| na
(3) AañVy H$m
(4) noñQ>mbm°Or H$m 52. ~mb {dH$mg H$m H$m¡Zgm {gÕmÝV ¶h ~VmVm h¡ {H$ emar[aH$ {dH$mg
H$s ÑpîQ> go {nN>‹S>o ~mbH$ g§doJmË‘H$, gm‘m{OH$ Ed§ ~m¡{ÕH$ {dH$mg

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44. ‘mZd H$s A{^d¥{Õ EH$ {ZpíMV Am¶w VH$ hmoVr h¡& ¶h ‘mZr OmVr h¡- ‘| ^r CVZo hr nrN>o ah OmVo h¢?
(1) 10 df© VH$ (2) 18 df© VH$ (1) nañna gå~ÝY H$m {gÕmÝV
(3) 40 df© VH$ (4) 60 df© VH$ (2) {dH$mg H«$‘ H$s EH$ê$nVm H$m {gÕmÝV
(3) EH$sH$aU H$m {gÕmÝV
45. ~ÀMo Ho$ {dH$mg Ho$ {gÕmÝVm| H$mo g‘PZm {ejH$ H$s ghm¶Vm H$aVm h¡- (4) {dH$mg H$s {Xem H$m {gÕmÝV
(1) {ejmWu H$s Am{W©H$ n¥îR>^y{‘ H$mo nhMmZZo ‘|
(2) {ejm{W©¶m| H$mo ³¶m| n‹T>mZm Mm{hE, ¶h Am¡{M˶ ñWm{nV H$aZo ‘| 53. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgm ~mbH$ Ho$ {dH$mg H$mo à^m{dV H$aZo dmbm
(3) {ejm{W©¶m| H$s {^ÝZ A{YJ‘-e¡{b¶m| H$mo à^mdr ê$n go gå~mo{YV AmÝV[aH$ H$maH$ h¡?
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H$aZo ‘| 1. ~w{Õ 2. emar[aH$ H$maU 3. AmZwd§{eH$ JwU

(4) {ejmWu Ho$ gm‘m{OH$ ñVa H$mo nhMmZZo ‘| (1) Ho$db 1 (2) 1 Ed§ 2
(3) Ho$db 3 (4) ¶o g^r
46. {dH$mg H$^r Z g‘má hmoZo dmbr à{H«$¶m h¡& ¶h {dMma {H$ggo
gå~pÝYV h¡? 54. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgm ~mbH$ Ho$ {dH$mg H$mo à^m{dV H$aZo dmbm
(1) AÝV…gå~ÝY H$m {gÕmÝV ~mø H$maH$ h¡?
(2) {ZaÝVaVm H$m {gÕmÝV 1. Am{W©H$ pñW{V 2. gm‘m{OH$ pñW{V 3. OrdZ H$s KQ>ZmE±
(3) EH$sH$aU H$m {gÕmÝV (1) 1 Ed§ 2 (2) 2 Ed§ 3
(4) AÝV…{H«$¶m H$m {gÕmÝV (3) 1 Ed§ 3 (4) ¶o g^r
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47. ‘mZd {dH$mg Hw$N> {deof {gÕmÝVm| na AmYm[aV h¡& {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| 55. ~mb {dH$mg H$m {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgm {gÕmÝV ¶h ~VmVm h¡ {H$
go H$m¡Zgm ‘mZd {dH$mg H$m {gÕmÝV Zht h¡? bJ^J g^r ~mbH$m| Ho$ J˶mË‘H$ Am¡a ^mfm¶r {dH$mg ‘| EH$ {ZpíMV
(1) AmZwH«${‘H$Vm (2) gm‘mݶ go [d{eîQ> à{V‘mZ Am¡a H«$‘ {XImB© n‹S>Vm h¡?
(3) à{VdVu (4) {ZaÝVaVm (1) {ZaÝVaVm H$m {gÕmÝV
48. {dH$mg Ho$ gÝX^© ‘| ‘¡³Sy>Jb Zo- (2) {dH$mg H«$‘ H$s EH$ê$nVm H$m {gÕmÝV
(1) ì¶p³VËd H$m {díbofU {H$¶m& (3) EH$sH$aU H$m {gÕmÝV
(2) ‘yb àd¥Ë¶mË‘H$ ì¶dhma H$m {díbofU {H$¶m& (4) {dH$mg H$s {Xem H$m {gÕmÝV
(3) ~mbH$ Ho$ emar[aH$ {dH$mg H$m {díbofU {H$¶m& 56. ~mb ‘Zmo{dkmZ ‘| Aܶ¶Z {H$¶m OmVm h¡-
(4) Cn¶w©³V ‘| go H$moB© Zht (1) ~mbH$ Ho$ OÝ‘ go boH$a ~më¶mdñWm VH$ H$m
49. OÝ‘ go nyd©H$mb ‘| {H$VZr AdñWmE± hmoVr h¢? (2) ~mbH$ Ho$ OÝ‘ Ho$ nyd© J^m©dñWm go boH$a {H$emoamdñWm VH$ H$m
(1) 2 (2) 3 (3) ~mbH$ Ho$ OÝ‘ go boH$a àm¡‹T>mdñWm VH$ H$m
(3) 4 (4) 5 (4) ~mbH$ H$o OÝ‘ go boH$a ¶wdmdñWm VH$ H$m

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(4) (4) (2) (3) (2) (3) (2) (2) (4) (3) (1) (4) (4) (2) (2)

~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
 àJʶ d¥{Õ Am¡a {dH$mg n¥îR> 25
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
57. ~mb {dH$mg H$m H$m¡Zgm {gÕmÝV ¶h ~VmVm h¡ {H$ {OZ ~ÀMm| ‘| 63. {deof Ad{Y Ho$ Xm¡amZ, {dH$mg àJ{V H$aVm h¡, bo{H$Z Ad{Y ‘|
Am¡gV go A{YH$ d¥{Õ hmoVr h¡, do emar[aH$, gm‘m{OH$ Ed§ g§doJmË‘H$ g‘m¶moOZ Ho$ {bE {dam‘ H$aVm h¡& ¶h {dam‘ Ho$ {ZåZ{b{IV {H$g
{dH$mg ‘| ^r H$m’$s AmJo ~‹T>o hþE nmE OmVo h¢? {Z¶‘ H$mo AZwg[aV H$aVm h¡?
(1) nañna gå~ÝY H$m {gÕmÝV (1) g‘Ýd¶ H$m {gÕmÝV
(2) {dH$mg H«$‘ H$s EH$ê$nVm H$m {gÕmÝV (2) {ZaÝVaVm H$m {gÕmÝV
(3) EH$sH$aU H$m {gÕmÝV (3) MH«$mH$ma àJ{V H$m {gÕmÝV
(4) {dH$mg H$s {Xem H$m {gÕmÝV (4) g‘mZ-à{V‘mZ H$m {gÕmÝV

58. ~mb {dH$mg H$m {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgm {gÕmÝV ¶h ~VmVm h¡ {H$ 64. {ZåZ ‘| go H$m¡Zgm {gÕmÝV ~mb {dH$mg ‘| dmVmdaU gå~ÝYr H$maH$m|
~mbH$ g~go nhbo AnZo {ga Am¡a ^wOmAm| H$s J{V na {Z¶ÝÌU H$aZm H$mo hr ‘hÎd XoVm h¡?
grIVm h¡ Am¡a CgH$o ~mX {’$a AnZo n¡am| na? (1) {dH$mg H«$‘ H$s EH$ê$nVm H$m {gÕmÝV
(1) {dH$mg H«$‘ H$s EH$ê$nVm H$m {gÕmÝV (2) gm‘m{OH$ A{YJ‘ H$m {gÕmÝV
(2) nañna gå~ÝY H$m {gÕmÝV (3) {ZaÝVaVm H$m {gÕmÝV
(3) {dH$mg H$s {Xem H$m {gÕmÝV (4) nañna gå~ÝY H$m {gÕmÝV
(4) EH$sH$aU H$m {gÕmÝV
65. {ZåZ ‘| go {H$gZo gm‘m{OH$ A{YJ‘ {gÕmÝV H$m à{VnmXZ {H$¶m Wm?
59. ~mb {dH$mg H$m H$m¡Zgm {gÕmÝV ¶h ~VmVm h¡ {H$ EH$ ~mbH$ nhbo (1) S>mobmS>© (2) {‘ba
nyao hmW H$mo, {’$a A±Jw{b¶m| H$mo Am¡a {’$a hmW Am¡a A±Jw{b¶m| H$mo EH$ (3) {n¶mOo (4) d¡ÊSw>am Am¡a dmëQ>g©
gmW MbmZm grIVm h¡?
66. {H$emoamdñWm dh AdñWm h¡, {OgHo$ Ûmam EH$ {dH$mg‘mZ ì¶p³VËd
(1) nañna gå~ÝY (2) gm‘m{OH$ A{YJ‘
(3) EH$sH$aU (4) {ZaÝVaVm
~më¶mdñWm go| àm¡‹T>mdñWm VH$ nhþ±MVm h¡& ¶h H$WZ {H$gH$m h¡?
(1) OaerëS> (2) H$ma‘mBHo$b
60. ~mb {dH$mg Ho$ {d{^ÝZ {gÕmÝVm| Ho$ AmYma na {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go (3) {Ho$bn¡{Q´>H$ (4) hÝQ>
H$m¡Zgm/H$m¡Zgo H$WZ g˶ h¡/h¢?
67. {H$emoa àm¡‹T>m| H$mo AnZo ‘mJ© ‘§o ~mYm g‘PVm h¡, Omo Cgo AnZr
1. {dH$mg H$s à{H«$¶m H«$‘~Õ ê$n go AmJo ~‹T>Vr h¡&
2. {dH$mg Yrao-Yrao Ed§ {ZpíMV g‘¶ na hmoVm h¡&
ñdVÝÌVm H$m bú¶ àmßV H$aZo go amoH$Vo h¢& ¶h {H$gZo H$hm h¡?
(1) H$m°bg{ZH$ (2) S´>oda
3. EH$ hr Om{V {deof Ho$ g^r gXñ¶m| ‘| {dH$mg H$s Hw$N> g‘mZ {deofVmE±
(3) ñQ>oZbo hm°b (4) {~½Jr
{XImB© n‹S>Vr h¡&
(1) Ho$db 1 (2) 1 Ed§ 3 68. ¶m¡Z, ¶{X g‘ñV OrdZ H$m Zht, Vmo {H$emoamdñWm H$m Adí¶ hr ‘yb
(3) Ho$db 2 (4) ¶o g^r
VÎd h¡& ¶h {H$gZo H$hm h¡?
61. ~mb {dH$mg H$m {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgm {gÕmÝV ¶h ~VmVm h¡ {H$ (1) Wm°Z©S>mBH$ (2) pñH$Za
(3) h¡S>mo H$‘oQ>r [anmoQ>© (4) am°g
~mbH$m| H$m {dH$mg CZH$s d¡¶p³VH$Vm Ho$ AZwê$n hmoVm h¡?
(1) d¡¶p³VH$ AÝVa H$m {gÕmÝV 69. O~ ‘mVm-{nVm Ho$ ~ÀMo CZHo$ {dnarV {deofVmAm| dmbo {dH${gV hmoVo
(2) {ZaÝVaVm H$m {gÕmÝV h¢, Vmo ¶hm± na {gÕmÝV bmJy hmoVm h¡-
(3) {dH$mg H«$‘ H$s EH$ê$nVm H$m {gÕmÝV (1) g‘mZVm H$m
(4) nañna gå~ÝY H$m {gÕmÝV (2) {d{^ÝZVm H$m
62. ~mb {dH$mg Ho$ {gÕmÝVm| H$m kmZ AܶmnH$ H$mo Eogr Cn¶w³V ......... (3) ‘yb OrdmUw H$s {ZaÝVaVm H$m
(4) à˶mJ‘Z H$m
n[apñW{V¶m| VWm {dH$mg dmVmdaU Ho$ {Z‘m©U ‘| gh¶moJ Xo gH$Vm h¡,
{Oggo ~mbH$m| H$m A{YH$ go A{YH$ nyU© Ed§ gdmªJrU {dH$mg hmo gHo$& 70. ‘mZd ì¶dhma H$m {dH$mg {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go {H$g H$maH$ na {Z^©a
(1) Am{W©H$ (2) gm‘m{OH$ hmoVm h¡?
(3) {ejU-A{YJ‘ (4) d¡¶p³VH$ A{YJ‘ (1) A{^d¥{Õ (2) n[an³dZ
(3) {dH$mg (4) Cnamo³V g^r

57. 58. 59. 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 67. 68. 69. 70.
(1) (3) (3) (4) (1) (3) (3) (2) (4) (1) (1) (4) (4) (4)

~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
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 n¥îR> 26 d¥{Õ Am¡a {dH$mg àJʶ
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
71. {ejH$ Ho$ {bE {dH$mg {gÕmÝVm| H$s g‘P Oê$ar h¡, ³¶m|{H$- 79. {‘{lV Am¶w dJ© dmbo {dÚm{W©¶m| H$s H$jm ‘| ì¶dhma aIZo dmbo {ejH$
(1) {ejH$ ~mb-{dH$mg H$m à˶j nmofH$ h¡& Ho$ {bE .......... H$m kmZ gdm©{YH$ ‘hÎdnyU© h¡&
(2) {dH$mg {gÕmÝV ~mbH$m| H$s {ejm, IobHy$X VWm nmR²>¶H«$‘ M¶Z (1) gm§ñH¥${VH$ n¥îR>^y{‘
gå~ÝYr ‘mJ©Xe©Z ‘| Cn¶moJr {gÕ hmoVo h¢& (2) {dH$mgmË‘H$ AdñWmAm|
(3) {ejH$ BZH$s g‘P Ho$ ’$bñdê$n CÎm‘ {ejU ì¶dñWm H$a nmVm h¡& (3) CZHo$ A{^^mdH$m| Ho ì¶dgm¶
(4) Cn¶w©³V g^r ghr h¡& (4) gm‘m{OH$-Am{W©H$ n¥îR>^y{‘

72. ~mbH$m| ‘| hmoZo dmbo {dH$mg H$mo g‘PZo Ho$ {bE H«${‘H$ {dH$mg 80. {ZåZ ‘o§ go H$m¡Zgm H$WZ {dH$mg Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘| ghr Zht h¡?
{gÕmÝV Ho$ àUoVm H$m¡Z h¢? (1) {dH$mg à{V‘mZm| H$s Hw$N> {ZpíMV {deofVmAm| H$s ^{dî¶dmUr H$s Om
(1) H«$mo Ed§ H«$mo gH$Vr h¡&
(2) ñQ>oZbo hm°b (2) {dH$mg H$m CÔoí¶ d§emZwJV gå^mì¶ j‘Vm H$m {dH$mg H$aZm h¡&
(3) qH$J Ed§ Wm°Z©S>mBH$ (3) {dH$mg Ho$ {d{^ÝZ joÌm| ‘| gå^mì¶ IVao Zht hmoVo h¢&
(4) Cn¶w©³V ‘| go H$moB© Zht (4) àmapå^H$ {dH$mg ~mX Ho$ {dH$mg go A{YH$ ‘hÎdnyU© h¡&

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73. d¥{Õ Am¡a {dH$mg Ho$ gÝX^© ‘| {ZåZ{b[IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgm/go H$WZ 81. AmnH$s H$jm H$s EH$ N>mÌm aOZr H$s bå~mB© {nN>bo df© H$s VwbZm ‘|
g˶ h¡/h¢? bJ^J 6 B§M ~‹T> JB© h¡, CgHo$ Bg n[adV©Z H$mo Amn ³¶m H$h|Jo?
1. d¥{Õ {dH$mg H$s à{H«$¶m H$m EH$ MaU hmoVm h¡& (1) aOZr H$m {dH$mg VoOr go hmo ahm h¡&
2. {dH$mg ñd¶§ ‘| EH$ {dñV¥V AW© aIVm h¡ Ed§ d¥{Õ BgH$m EH$ ^mJ hmoVm (2) aOZr ‘| d¥{Õ VoOr go hmo ahr h¡&
h¡& (3) aOZr Á¶mXm H$m‘ H$aZo bJr h¡&
3. {dH$mg EH$ gVV² à{H«$¶m h¡, Omo ~mbH$ Ho$ n[an³d hmoZo Ho$ ~mX ^r (4) aOZr n‹T>mB© ‘| H$‘Omoa hmoVr Om ahr h¡&
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MbVr ahVr h¡&

(1) Ho$db 1 (2) 1 Ed§ 2 82. {dH$mg Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘| {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgm H$WZ g˶ Zht h¡?
(3) 2 Ed§ 3 (4) ¶o g^r (1) {dH$mg H$s à{H«$¶m EH$ {ZpíMV {Xem ‘| hmoVr h¡&
(2) d¥{Õ Am¡a {dH$mg H$s {H«$¶m d§emZwH«$‘ Am¡a dmVmdaU H$m g§¶w³V
74. A{^d¥{Õ go VmËn¶© H$mo{eH$mAm| ‘|o hmoZo dmbr d¥{Õ go h¡& ¶h H$WZ n[aUm‘ h¡&
h¡- (3) {H$gr ~ÀMo ‘| d¥{Õ Am¡a {dH$mg H$s J{V H$mo ܶmZ ‘| aIH$a CgHo$ AmJo
(1) habm°H$ H$m (2) ’«|$H$ H$m ~‹T>Zo H$s {Xem Am¡a ñdê$n Ho$ ~mao ‘| ^{dî¶dmUr Zht H$s Om gH$Vr
(3) ’«$m¶S> H$m (4) pñH$Za H$m h¡&
(4) {dH$mg h‘oem gm‘mݶ go {deof H$s Amoa MbVm h¡&
75. {H$emoamdñWm na g~go A{YH$ H$m¶© H$aZo dmbo ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ h¡-
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(1) EZm ’«$m¶S> (2) ñQ>oZbo hm°b 83. Amn AnZo {dÚmb¶ Ho$ Hw$N> N>mÌm| Ho$ {dH$mg na {nN>bo 2 dfm] go
(3) hm°qbJdW© (4) qH$J {díbofU H$a aho h¢& AmnHo$ {díbofU H$m gma {ZåZ ‘| go ³¶m hmo
gH$Vm h¡?
76. e¡edmdñWm ‘| ¶m¡Z BÀN>mAm| H$m Aܶ¶Z H$aVo hþE {nV¥ {damoYr d ‘mV¥ (1) {dH$mg H$s à{H«$¶m H«$‘~Õ ê$n go AmJo ~‹T>Vr h¡&
{damoYr J«pÝW Ho$ ahñ¶ H$m CX²KmQ>Z {H$¶m h¡- (2) {dH$mg Yrao-Yrao Ed§ {ZpíMV g‘¶ na hmoVm h¡&
(1) pñH$Za Zo (2) J¡ñQ>mba Zo (3) {dH$mg H$s {Xem gm‘mݶ go {d{eîQ> H$s Amoa hmoVr h¡&
(3) Ow§J Zo (4) ’«$m¶S> Zo (4) ¶o g^r
77. ~mbH$ H$s d¥{Õ Ed§ {dH$mg Ho$ Aܶ¶Z H$s {ZåZ ‘| go Cn¶w³V {d{Y h¡- 84. {dH$mg àmUr ‘| àJ{Verb n[adV©Z h¡, Omo {ZpíMV bú¶m| H$s Amoa
(1) VwbZmË‘H$ {d{Y (2) ‘Zmo{díbofU {d{Y {ZaÝVa {ZX}{eV hmoVm ahVm h¡& ¶h H$WZ {ZåZ ‘o§ go {H$gH$m h¡?
(3) gm§p»¶H$s¶ {d{Y (4) {dH$mgmË‘H$ {d{Y (1) habm°H$ H$m (2) OrZ {n¶mOo H$m
(3) S´>oda H$m (4) ’«$m¶S> H$m
78. [H$emoamdñWm H$s à‘wI {deofVm Zht h¡-
(1) g§doJm| H$m Am{Y³¶ (2) g§M¶ H$s àd¥{Îm
(3) H$ënZm H$s ~hþbVm (4) ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg *******

71. 72. 73. 74. 75. 76. 77. 78. 79. 80. 81. 82. 83. 84.
(4) (3) (3) (2) (2) (4) (4) (2) (2) (3) (2) (3) (4) (3)

~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
 àJʶ d¥{Õ Ed§ {dH$mg Ho$ {d{^ÝZ Am¶m‘
Aܶm¶ 3
d¥{Õ Am¡a {dH$mg Ho$ {d{^ÝZ Am¶m‘
3.1 àñVmdZm
‘mZd {dH$mg H$m joÌ A{V ì¶mnH$ h¡& Bg‘| emar[aH$, ‘mZ{gH$, ^mfm¶r
g§doJmË‘H$, gm‘m{OH$, Mm[a{ÌH$, gm§ñH¥${VH$, Am{W©H$, AmܶmpË‘H$ Am{X
g^r àH$ma Ho$ njm| ‘| {dH$mg g‘m{hV hmoVm h¡, naÝVw {ejm ‘Zmo{dkmZ ‘|
‘mZd Ho$ {deof ê$n go ~mbH$ Ho$ emar[aH$, ‘mZ{gH$, ^mfm¶r, g§doJmË‘H$,
gm‘m{OH$ Ed§ Mm[a{ÌH$ njm| Ho$ {dH$mg H$m Aܶ¶Z {H$¶m OmVm h¡&
3.2 emar[aH$ {dH$mg
ì¶p³V Ho$ emar[aH$ {dH$mg H$m gå~ÝY CgHo$ eara Ho$ T>m±Mo, Zm‹S>r VÝÌ,
eara Ho$ Am§V[aH$ g§ñWmZ, O¡go- a³V g§Mma g§ñWmZ, nmMZ g§ñWmZ Am{X
‘| ‘m±gno{e¶m| Am¡a AÝV… ñÌmdr J«pÝW¶m| ‘|o d¥{Õ go h¡¡& ~mbH$ ‘| g§doJmË‘H$
pñWaVm, Jm‘H$ j‘Vm Ed§ Aݶ n[adV©Z hmoVo h¢ Am¡a ¶o n[adV©Z ~mbH$ Ho$
ì¶dhma H$mo à^m{dV H$aVo h¢&
3.2.1 emar[aH$ {dH$mg H$m AW©
emar{aH$ {dH$mg go VmËn¶© ~mbH$m| ‘| Am¶w Ho$ AZwgma emar[aH$ AmH$ma,
emar[aH$ AZwnmV, ApñW¶m|, ‘m±gno{e¶m|, Xm±V VWm V{ÝÌH$m VÝÌ ‘| g‘w{MV
{dH$mg go hmoVm h¡& ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ Aܶ¶Zm| go ¶h ñnîQ> hmo J¶m h¡ {H$ ~mbH$m|
‘| emar[aH$ {dH$mg h‘oem EH$ g‘mZ J{V go Zht hmoVm& H$^r Vmo dh VoOr go
hmoVm h¡ Am¡a H$^r ‘ÝX J{V go& BgHo$ gmW hr ~mbH$ H$m emar[aH$ {dH$mg
CgHo$ g‘ñV àH$ma Ho$ ì¶dhma Ho$ gmW-gmW {dH$mg Ho$ Aݶ g^r njm| H$mo
^r gmW©H$ ê$n go à^m{dV H$aVm h¡& Bg àH$ma emar[aH$ {dH$mg Ho$ AÝVJ©V
eara aMZm, ñZm¶w‘ÊS>b, ‘m±gnoer¶ d¥{Õ, Jm‘H$ VÝÌ, AÝV…ñÌmdr J«pÝW¶m±
Am{X à‘wI ê$n go AmVr h¡& My±{H$ ~mbH$ Ho$ emar[aH$ {dH$mg H$m CgHo$
‘mZ{gH$ VWm gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg na ñnîQ> à^md n‹S>Vm h¡ Bg{bE e¡{jH$
ÑpîQ> go ~mbH$ Ho$ emar[aH$ {dH$mg H$mo A˶{YH$ ‘hÎdnyU© ‘mZm J¶m h¡& J{V
d àH¥${V H$s ÑpîQ> go {dH$mg H$s {d{^ÝZ AdñWmAm| ‘| emar[aH$ {dH$mg H$s
à{H«$¶m ‘| Hw$N> Z Hw$N> {^ÝZVm Adí¶ hmoVr h¡& {ejm eãXH$moe ‘| emar[aH$
{dH$mg Ho$ AW© H$mo ñnîQ> H$aVo hþ¶o {bIm h¡-
emar[aH$ {dH$mg eara H$s g§aMZm Ho$ AmH$ma, àH¥${V, {H«$¶m Am{X ‘| n[adV©Z h¡&
CXmhaUmW© ApñW¶m| H$m CÎmamoÎma H¡$ëgrH$aU, Mohao Ho$ AmH$ma ‘| n[adV©Z, grZo H$s
AmH¥${V Am{X AWdm emar[aH$ à{ejU Ho$ H$maU A{YH$ gj‘ {H«$¶m¶| H$aZm&
ha~Q>© gmoaoÝgZ Zo emar[aH$ {dH$mg H$mo Bg àH$ma ñnîQ> {H$¶m h¡-
emar[aH$ {dH$mg CÎmamoÎma n[adV©Z Ed§ n[an³dVm H$s Amoa CÝZ{V H$m g§Ho$V
H$aVm h¡&
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
n¥îR> 27
3.2.2 ~më¶mdñWm ‘| emar[aH$ {dH$mg
~më¶mdñWm H$s Ad{Y 6 df© H$s Am¶w go boH$a 12 df© H$s Am¶w VH$ hmoVr
h¡& Bg AdñWm H$mo ^r 6 go 9 df© VH$ H$s Am¶w H$mo Vrd« J{V go {dH$mg H$s
AdñWm VWm 9 go 12 df© VH$ H$s Am¶w H$mo n[an³dVm H$s AdñWm Ho$ ê$n
‘| OmZm OmVm h¡ AWm©V² ~më¶mdñWm Ho$ àW‘ VrZ dfm] Ho$ Xm¡amZ emar[aH$
{dH$mg A{V Vrd« J{V go d ~mX Ho$ VrZ dfm] AWm©V² 9 go 12 df© ‘| Hw$N>
n[an³d$ H$mb ^r H$hVo h¢& ~më¶mdñWm ‘| hmoZo dmbo emar[aH$ n[adV©Z {ZåZ
àH$ma Ho$ hmoVo h¢-
1. ^ma
~më¶mdñWm ‘| ~mbH$ Ho$ ^ma ‘| n¶m©ßV d¥{Õ hmoVr h¡& 12 df© Ho$ AÝV ‘o§
CgH$m ^ma 80 Am¡a 95 nm¢S> Ho$ ~rM ‘| hmoVm h¡¡& 9 ¶m 10 df© H$s Am¶w VH$
~mbH$m| H$m ^ma ~m{bH$mAm| go A{YH$ hmoVm h¡& BgHo$ ~mX ~m{bH$mAm| H$m ^ma
A{YH$ hmoZm Amaå^ hmo OmVm h¡&
2. bå~mB©
bå~mB© ‘| d¥{Õ H$s ÑpîQ> go ¶h H$mb {deof ê$n go ‘hÎdnyU© H$hm Om gH$Vm
h¡& Bg Xm¡amZ eara H$s bå~mB© bJ^J 5 go 7 go‘r. à{Vdf© H$s J{V go
~‹T>Vr h¡& ~më¶mdñWm Ho$ àmaå^ ‘| Ohm± ~mbH$m| H$s bå~mB© ~m{bH$mAm| H$s
bå~mB© go bJ^J 1 go‘r. A{YH$ hmoVr h¡, dht Bg Ad{Y H$s g‘m{á na
~m{bH$mAm| H$s Am¡gV bå~mB© ~mbH$m| H$s Am¡gV bå~mB© go bJ^J 1 go‘r.
A{YH$ hmo OmVr h¡&
3. {ga VWm ‘pñVîH$
~më¶mdñWm ‘| {ga H$m {dH$mg Vmo hmoVm h¡, {H$ÝVw eara Am¡a {ga H$m AZwnmV
d¶ñH$ Ho$ eara Am¡a {ga H$o AZwnmV H$s g‘mZVm H$s Amoa àd¥Îm hmoZo bJVm
h¡ AWm©V² eara Ho$ Aݶ A§Jm| H$s VwbZm ‘| {ga A^r AnojmH¥$V ~‹S>m hmoVm
h¡& eara Ho$ {d{^Þ A§Jm| H$s AZwnmVhrZVm Yrao-Yrao H$‘ hmoVr OmVr h¡&
e¡edmdñWm Ho$ AÝV VH$ ‘pñVîH$ H$m {dH$mg d¶ñH$ ‘pñVîH$ H$m 90
à{VeV hmoVm h¡, Omo ~më¶mdñWm Ho$ AÝV VH$ ~‹T>H$a 95 à{VeV hmo OmVm h¡&
Bg àH$ma ~më¶mdñWm ‘| ‘pñVîH$ AmH$ma VWm ^ma XmoZm| hr ÑpîQ> go bJ^J
nyU©ê$noU {dH${gV hmo OmVm h¡&
4. Y‹S> H$m {dH$mg
~më¶mdñWm ‘| ~mbH$ Ed§ ~m{bH$mAm| Ho$ Y‹S> H$m {dH$mg ~hþV ‘hÎd aIVm h¡&
Bg Am¶w ‘| eara ~{bîR>, nwîQ> VWm ep³Vembr hmoZo bJVm h¡, {Og‘| ~mbH$
AnZo A§Jm| Ed§ ep³V¶m| Ho$ g§MmbZ na {Z¶ÝÌU àmá H$a boVo h¢& ~mbH$m| Ho$
H$ÝYo Mm¡‹S>o hmoZo bJVo h¢ VWm Hy$ëho nVbo hmoZo bJVo h¢& ~m{bH$mAm| Ho$ H$ÝYo
nVbo d Hy$ëho Mm¡‹S>o hmoZo bJVo h¢&
 n¥îR> 28 d¥{Õ Ed§ {dH$mg Ho$ {d{^ÝZ Am¶m‘
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
5. ‘m±gno{e¶m±
~më¶mdñWm ‘| ‘m±gno{e¶m| H$m {dH$mg ‘ÝX J{V go hmoVm h¡& 8 df© H$s Am¶w ‘|
‘m±gno{e¶m| H$m ^ma eara Ho$ Hw$b ^ma H$m 27 à{VeV hmoVm h¡, Omo 12 df©
‘| ~‹T>H$a 33 à{VeV hmo OmVm h¡&
6. h{S²>S>¶m±
~më¶mdñWm ‘| h{S²>S>¶m| H$s g§»¶m VWm CZH$s Ñ‹T>Vm XmoZm| ‘o hr d¥{Õ hmoVr
h¡& {eímw Ho$ eara H$s Hw$N> {Ppëb¶m| Ho$ h{S²>S>¶m| Ho$ ê$n ‘| ~Xb OmZo Ho$
H$maU h{S²>S>¶m| H$s g§»¶m ‘| d¥{Õ hmo OmVr h¡& ¶hm± Bg ~mV H$m ^r g§Ho$V XoZm
C{MV hmoJm {H$ d¥{Õ H$s à{H«$¶m ‘| Hw$N> H$mo‘b h{S²>S>¶m± {‘bH$a EH$ hmo OmVr
h¡, {OgHo$ H$maU ^r h{S²>S>¶m| H$s g§»¶m ‘| ~Xbmd AmVm h¡& ~më¶mdñWm ‘|
h{S²>S>¶m| H$s g§»¶m 270 go ~‹T>H$a 350 hmo OmVr h¡& Bg AdñWm Ho$ Xm¡amZ
h{S²>S>¶m| H$m Ñ‹T>rH$aU AWdm ApñWH$aU VoOr go hmoVm h¡, {OgHo$ ’$bñdê$n
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~mbH$m| H$s h{S²>S>¶m| H$m bMrbmnZ g‘má hmoZo bJVm h¡ VWm CZ‘| H$‹S>mnZ
AmZo bJVm h¡&
7. Xm±V
bJ^J 6 df© H$s Am¶w ‘| ~mbH$ Ho$ XÿY Ho$ Xm±V {JaZo Am¡a CZHo$ ~Om¶ ñWm¶r
Xm±V {ZH$bZo Amaå^ hmo OmVo h¢& 12 ¶m 13 df© VH$ CgHo$ g~ ñWm¶r Xm±V
{ZH$bo AmVo h¢, {OZH$s g§»¶m bJ^J 32 hmoVr h¡& ~m{bH$mAm| Ho$ ñWm¶r Xm±V
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{ZH$b AmVo h¢, {OZH$s g§»¶m bJ^J 32 hmoVr h¡& ~m{bH$mAm| Ho$ ñWm¶r
Xm±V ~mbH$m| go OëXr {ZH$bVo h¢&
8. hmW d n¡a
~më¶mdñWm ‘| ~mbH$m| Ho$ n¡a bå~o Am¡a grYo hmo OmVo h¢ VWm ~m{bH$mAm| Ho$
n¡a AÝXa H$s Amoa Hw$N> PwH$md bo boVo h¢& ^wOm¶| ^r bå~r hmoZo bJVr h¢&
9. ¶m¡Z A§Jm| H$m {dH$mg
~mbH$m| VWm ~m{bH$mAm| XmoZm| Ho$ àOZZ A§Jm| H$m {dH$mg ^r ~më¶mdñWm ‘|
hmoZo bJVm h¡, {H$ÝVw ~mbH$m| ‘| ¶h {dH$mg Yr‘r J{V go hmoVm h¡& 11-12 df©
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VH$ AmVo-AmVo ~m{bH$mAm| Ho$ ¶m¡Z A§Jm| H$m {dH$mg Vrd« J{V nH$‹S> boVm h¡&
10. öX¶ J{V
e¡emdñWm H$s VwbZm ‘| ~më¶mdñWm ‘| öX¶ Ho$ Y‹S>H$Zo H$s J{V H$‘ hmo OmVr
h¡& 18 df© Ho$ ~mbH$m| H$m öX¶ à{V {‘ZQ> 85 ~ma Y‹S>H$Vm h¡&
C³V g‘ñV {dH$mg Ho$ Ûmam ~më¶mdñWm Ho$ AÝV VH$ ‘mZd eara
EH$ {ZpíMV AmH$ma boZm ewê$ H$a XoVm h¡, Omo {H$emoamdñWm ‘| bJ^J nyU©
hmo OmVm h¡&
3.2.3 emar[aH$ {dH$mg H$mo à^m{dV H$aZo dmbo H$maH$
H«$mo d H«$mo Zo {bIm h¡-
ñdñW {dH$mg H$m {Zdmg H$s CÎm‘ XemAm| go K{ZîR> gå~ÝY h¡& C{MV ¶m
AZw{MV àH$me go Am¶mo{OV ‘Zmoa§OZ Am¡a {dlm‘, Anm¡pîQ>H$ ^moOZ, H$‘ hdmXma
{Zdmg-ñWmZ Ed§ XmofnyU© d§emZwH«$‘ Ho$ g‘mZ VÎd ñdñW {dH$mg ‘| ~mYH$ hmoVo h¢&
emar[aH$ {dH$mg H$mo à^m{dV H$aZo dmbo à‘wI H$maH$ {ZåZ{b{IV
h¡-
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
àJʶ
1. AmZwd§{eH$Vm ¶m d§emZwH«$‘
~mbH$ Ho$ emar[aH$ {dH$mg na CgHo$ ‘mVm-{nVm, nyd©Om| VWm d§eOm| Ho$
ñdmñ϶, emar[aH$ aMZm, Xmofm| d amoJm| H$m à^md n‹S>Vm h¡& àm¶… ñdñW
‘mVm-{nVm H$s gÝVmZ| ñdñW Am¡a amoJr H$‘Omoa ‘mVm-{nVm H$s gÝVmZo§ amoJr
Am¡a H$‘Omoa hmoVr h¡&
2. dmVmdaU
H«$mo d H«$mo Ho$ AZwgma-
~mbH$ Ho$ ñdm^m{dH$ {dH$mg ‘| dmVmdaU Ho$ VÎd ghm¶H$ ¶m ~mYH$ hmoVo h¢&
ewÕ dm¶w, n¶m©ßV Yyn, ñdÀN>Vm Am{X Bg àH$ma Ho$ Hw$N> ‘w»¶ VÎd
h¢& V§J J{b¶m| Am¡a ~ÝX ‘H$mZm| ‘| ahZo dmbo ~mbH$ {H$gr-Z-{H$gr amoJ Ho$
{eH$ma ~ZH$a AnZo ñdmñ϶ H$mo Imo XoVo h¢& n¶m©ßV Yyn H$m godZ H$aZo dmbo
~mbH$m| H$mo gXu, OwH$m‘, Im±gr Am¡a Am±Im| H$s H$‘Omoar Am{X amoJ H$^r Zht
hmoVo h¢& ñdÀN>Vm, gwÝXa ñdmñ϶ H$m ‘w»¶ AmYma h¡& ¶{X ~mbH$ H$m eara,
nhZZo Ho$ dñÌ, ahZo H$m ñWmZ, ImZo H$m ^moOZ Am{X ñdÀN> hmoVo h¢, Vmo
CgH$m emar[aH$ {dH$mg ÐþV J{V go hmoVm Mbm OmVm h¡&
3. ^moOZ
~mbH$ Ho$ emar[aH$ {dH$mg na ^moOZ H$m A˶{YH$ à^md n‹S>Vm h¡& nm¡pîQ>H$ d
g§V{w bV ^moOZ H$aZo dmbo H$m emar[aH$ {dH$mg g‘w{MV Ed§ ñdm^m{dH$ VarHo$ go
hmoVm h¡& nm¡pîQ>H$ ^moOZ H$s CnbãYVm Am{W©H$ ñVa na ^r {Z^©a H$aVr h¡, Am{W©H$
ê$n go gånÝZ ~mbH$ àm¶… öîQ>-nwîQ> hmoVo h¢& {ZY©Z ~ÀMo {Z~©b hmoVo h¢& nm¡pîQ>H$
^moOZ Ho$ A^md ‘| ~mbH$ C{MV emar[aH$ {dH$mg go d§{MV ah OmVm h¡&
4. n[adma H$s pñW{V VWm ahZ-ghZ H$m T>§J
n[adma H$s gm‘m{OH$, Am{W©H$ VWm gm§ñH¥${VH$ n[apñW{V¶m| H$m ~mbH$
Ho$ emar[aH$ {dH$mg na à^md n‹S>Vm h¡& nm[adm[aH$ ahZ-ghZ, gm‘m{OH$
naånam¶| VWm ImZ-nmZ H$m à^md ^r CgHo$ emar[aH$ {dH$mg na n‹S>Vm h¡&
5. {dlm‘ Ed§ {ZÐm
~mbH$ Ho$ emar[aH$ {dH$mg Ho$ {bE nyU© {ZÐm VWm {dlm‘ Amdí¶H$ h¡&
e¡edmdñWm ‘| {eew H$mo 12 KÊQ>o H$s ZtX Amdí¶H$ hmoVr h¡& ~më¶mdñWm ‘|
10 KÊQ>o H$s ZtX VWm {H$emoamdñWm ‘| 8 KÊQ>o H$s ZtX Amdí¶H$ hmoVr h¡&
{dlm‘ Am¡a {ZÐm eara H$s WH$mdQ> H$mo Xÿa H$a ZB© VmOJr àXmZ H$aVr h¡,
{Oggo ~mbH$ Ho$ emar[aH$ {dH$mg H$mo AZwHy$b Adga àXmZ H$aVr h¡&
6. {XZM¶m©
~mbH$ H$s {XZM¶m© H$m à^md CgHo$ emar[aH$ {dH$mg na n‹S>Vm h¡& {Z¶{‘V
{XZM¶m© go ~mbH$ H$m ñdmñ϶ AÀN>m ahVm h¡& AÀN>o emar[aH$ {dH$mg Ho$
{bE Amdí¶H$ h¡ {H$ ~mbH$ H$s {XZM¶m© na {deof ܶmZ {X¶m Omdo& CgHo$
ImZo, ZhmZo, n‹T>Zo, IobZo, gmoZo Am{X X¡{ZH$ {H«$¶mAm| H$m g‘¶ {Z¶{‘V ahZm
Mm{hE& ~mbH$ ‘| àmaå^ go hr {Z¶{‘V {XZM¶m© H$s AmXV S>mbZr Mm{hE&
7. ào‘
~mbH$ Ho$ C{MV emar[aH$ {dH$mg H$m AmYma ào‘ h¡& ¶{X Cgo AnZo ‘mVm-
{nVm H$m ào‘ Zht {‘bVm h¡, Vmo dh Xþ:Ir ahZo bJVm h¡& ¶{X CgHo$ ‘mVm-
 àJʶ d¥{Õ Ed§ {dH$mg Ho$ {d{^ÝZ Am¶m‘
{nVm H$s Aënm¶w ‘§o ‘¥Ë¶w hmo OmVr h¡, Vmo Cgo Agø H$îQ>m| H$m gm‘Zm H$aZm
n‹S>Vm h¡& XmoZm| XemAm| ‘| CgHo$ eara H$m gÝVw{bV {dH$mg hmoZm Agå^d hmo
OmVm h¡& {ejH$ H$mo ^r ~mbH$ Ho$ à{V ào‘ H$m ì¶dhma H$aZm Mm{hE&
8. Iob Ed§ ì¶m¶m‘
Iob VWm ì¶m¶m‘ ^r emar[aH$ {dH$mg H$mo à^m{dV H$aVo h¢& ~mbH$ H$s
{XZM¶m© ‘| {Z¶{‘V ê$n go Iob Am¡a ì¶m¶m‘ em{‘b hmoZm Mm{h¶o, {Oggo
‘m±gno{e¶m± Ed§ h{S²>S>¶m± ‘O~yV hmoVr h¡ VWm Bggo nmMZ ep³V ^r R>rH$
ahVr h¡& ~mbH$m| H$mo Iwbr hdm Am¡a ‘¡XmZ ‘| IobZo d ì¶m¶m‘ H$aZo XoZm
Mm{hE& emar[aH$ {dH$mg H$s à{H«$¶m Bggo à˶j ê$n go à^m{dV hmoVr h¡&
AV… ~mbH$m| Ho$ {bE Iob Ed§ ì¶m¶m‘ H$s Amdí¶H$Vm H$mo Adí¶ ñdrH$ma
{H$¶m OmZm Mm{hE&
9. gwajm
{eew ¶m ~mbH$ Ho$ gå¶H²$ {dH$mg Ho$ {bE Cg‘|$ gwajm H$s ^mdZm hmoZm
A{V Amdí¶H$ h¡& Bg ^mdZm Ho$ A^md ‘| dh ^¶ H$m AZw^d H$aZo bJVm
h¡ Am¡a AmË‘-{dídmg Imo ~¡R>Vm h¡& ¶o XmoZm| ~mV| CgHo$ {dH$mg H$mo AdéÕ
H$a XoVr h¡§&
10. XþK©Q>Zm
XþK©Q>ZmE± ^r ~mbH$ Ho$ emar[aH$ {dH$mg H$mo à^m{dV H$aVo h¢& ¶{X ~MnZ ‘|
~mbH$ {H$gr XþK©Q>Zm go à^m{dV hþAm h¡, O¡go-CgH$s hS²>S>r Qy>Q> J¶r, Ob
J¶m hmo, {H$gr OmZda Zo H$mQ> {b¶m hmo Vmo CgH$m eara à^m{dV hmoVm h¡,
{Oggo CZHo$ {dH$mg H$s J{V Adê$Õ hmoVr h¡&
11. Aݶ H$maH$
~mbH$ Ho$ emar[aH$ {dH$mg H$mo Aݶ H$maH$ ^r à^m{dV H$aVo h¢, O¡go-
1. amoJ Ho$ H$maU CËnÝZ {dH¥${V
2. ^m¡Jmo{bH$ n[apñW{V¶m±
3. n[adma H$s {ZY©ZVm Am{X&
Cnamo³V H$maH$m| H$s {ddoMZm go ¶h kmV hmoVm h¡ {H$ emar[aH$ {dH$mg
{H$VZm ‘hÎdnyU© hmoVm h¡& AV… ¶h Amdí¶H$ h¡ {H$ AܶmnH$m| Ed§ ‘mVm-{nVm
H$mo ~mbH$ Ho$ emar[aH$ {dH$mg VWm CgH$mo à^m{dV H$aZo dmbo H$maH$m| H$s
OmZH$mar hmo, {Oggo do ~mbH$ Ho$ {dH$mg H$mo EH$ {ZpíMV ñdê$n Ed§ J{V
àXmZ H$aZo ‘| ghm¶Vm àXmZ H$a gH|$&
3.2.4 emar[aH$ {dH$mg H$s {deofVmE±
~mbH$ Ho$ emar[aH$ {dH$mg H$s {deofVmE± {ZåZ àH$ma h¡-
1. ~mbH$ Ho$ emar[aH$ {dH$mg Ho$ gmW-gmW ~mbH$ Ho$ eara H$m
AmH$ma, ^ma, bå~mB©, {ga, ‘pñVîH$, h{S²>S>¶m± Ed§ Xm±V Am{X ^r
~‹T>Vo h¢&
2. emar[aH$ {dH$mg Ho$ gmW hr ñZm¶w VÝÌ ^r {dH${gV hmoVm h¡&
3. AÝV…ñÌmdr J«pÝW¶m± ^r emar[aH$ {dH$mg Ho$ gmW A{^d¥{Õ H$aVr h¡&
4. ~mbH$ Ho$ emar[aH$ {dH$mg ‘| d¡¶p³VH$ {^ÝZVm Ho$ H$maU AÝVa
nm¶m OmVm h¡&
5. emar[aH$ {dH$mg ‘| CÎmamoÎma n[adV©Z hmoVm ahVm h¡&
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
n¥îR> 29
3.2.5 emar[aH$ {dH$mg H$m e¡{jH$ ‘hÎd
~mbH$m| Ho$ emar[aH$ {dH$mg Ho$ kmZ H$m ‘hÎd {ejH$m| Ho$ {bE ~hþV ‘hÎdnyU©
h¡, ³¶mo§{H$ ¶{X eara ñdñW h¡ Am¡a ghr {Xem ‘| {dH${gV hmo ahm h¡, V^r
N>mÌm| go ¶h Amem H$s Om gH$Vr h¡ {H$ do gÝVwîQ> hmoH$a {ímjm àmá H$a aho
h¢& A{dH${gV eara ~mbH$ H$mo {ejm àm{á Ho$ {bE VËna Zht hmoZo XoVm h¡&
AV… ¶{X h‘ MmhVo h¢ {H$ h‘mao N>mÌ {ejm Ho$ joÌ ‘| AnZr ~hþ‘wIr à{V^m
H$m àXe©Z H$a|, Vmo CZHo$ emar[aH$ {dH$mg na ܶmZ XoZm Oê$ar h¡& {ejH$
Ho$ {bE N>mÌ Ho$ emar[aH$ {dH$mg na C{MV ܶmZ {X¶m OmZm {ZåZ ÑpîQ>¶m|
go ‘hÎdnyU© h¡-
1. emar[aH$ {dH$mg ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg H$m AmYma h¡ VWm ~mbH$m| H$mo
kmZmO©Z hoVw ào[aV H$aZo ‘| ghm¶H$ h¡& ¶{X {H$gr dJ© Ho$ A{YH$Va
~mbH$m| H$s emar[aH$ A{^d¥{Õ Aݶ ~mbH$m| H$s VwbZm ‘| A{YH$
hmoVr h¡, Vmo Bggo Aݶ ~mbH$m| ‘| EH$ Vah H$s hrZVm H$m ^md
CËnÝZ hmo gH$Vm h¡ {OgH$m ~wam à^md CZH$s e¡{jH$ CnbpãY na
n‹S>Vm h¡& Bgr àH$ma ¶{X dJ© ‘| {H$gr N>mÌ H$s emar[aH$ A{^d¥{Õ
Aݶ ~mbH$m| H$s VwbZm ‘| H$m’$s H$‘ h¢, Vmo ¶h ^r {ejH$ Ho$
{bE MwZm¡Vr hmo gH$Vr h¡, ³¶m|{H$ Bg Vah Ho$ N>mÌm| ‘| g‘m¶moOZ
go gå~{ÝYV H$B© g‘ñ¶m¶| CËnÝZ hmo gH$Vr h¢& AV… {ejH$ H$mo
N>mÌm| H$s emar[aH$ A{^d¥{Õ H$s OmZH$mar hmoZm Amdí¶H$ h¡, Vm{H$
do N>mÌm| Ho$ gmW CÝhr§ H$s emar[aH$ Oê$aVm| Ho$ AZwHy$b e¡{jH$
‘mhm¡b V¡¶ma H$a CÝh| {e{jV H$a gHo$&
2. emar[aH$ ê$n go ñdñW ~mbH$m| ‘| A{YJ‘ j‘Vm A{YH$ nm¶r
OmVr h¡ VWm Eogo ~mbH$m| H$mo n‹T>Zo ‘| H$‘ WH$mZ H$m AZw^d hmoVm
h¡& Eogo ~mbH$ A{YH$ g‘¶ VH$ {df¶dñVw na AnZm ܶmZ Ho$pÝÐV
H$a gH$Vo h¢ VWm CnbpãY d {ZînmXZ narjmAm| ‘| AÀN>o A§H$
àmá H$aVo h¡& AV… Eogo ~mbH$m| Ho$ à{V {ejH$m| Ed§ ghnm{R>¶m| H$m
ì¶dhma ñZohnyU© Ed§ gh¶moJmË‘H$ hmoVm h¡&
3. emar[aH$ {dH$mg VWm n[an³dVm go ~mbH$m| H$m ‘mZ{gH$ Ed§
gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg ^r à^m{dV hmoVm h¡, Bg{bE {ejH$m| H$mo ñHy$b
Ho$ H$m¶©H«$‘m| H$mo Bg T>§J go V¡¶ma H$aZm Mm{hE {H$ Cggo à˶oH$
N>mÌ H$mo g’$bVm {‘b gHo$ VWm CgH$m AmË‘gå‘mZ ~Zm aho&
CXmhaUmW© Omo N>mÌ emar[aH$ ê$n go Xþ~©b h¢ CZH$m EH$ AbJ
H$m¶©H«$‘ ~Zm¶m Om¶o, {Og‘| Ho$db emar[aH$ ê$n go H$‘Omoa N>mÌ
hr ^mJ b|, {Og‘| Eogo N>mÌm| ‘| {H$gr àH$ma H$s hrZVm H$s ^mdZm
Zht CËnÝZ hmoJr VWm CZH$m AmË‘gå‘mZ ^r ~aH$ama ahoJm VWm
{ejH$ ^r ñHy$b ‘| emar[aH$ ê$n go Xþ~©b N>mÌm| Ho$ gmW ݶm¶
H$aZo ‘| gj‘ hmo nmE§Jo&
4. ñHy$b ‘| àm¶… IobHy$X VWm emar[aH$ {ejm Ho$ H$m¶©H«$‘ H$m ñdê$n
à{V¶mo{JVmË‘H$ hmoVm h¡ VWm Bg H$m¶©H«$‘ ‘| ‘mÌ Hw$N> hr Eogo
emar[aH$ ê$n go öîQ>>-nwîQ> N>mÌ hmoVo h¢, Omo Bg‘| ^mJ boH$a
{IVm~ OrV OmVo h¢, {Oggo BgH$m à^md g^r N>mÌm| na AÀN>m
Zht hmoVm h¡ d CZH$s e¡{jH$ bpãY na ^r ~wam Aga n‹S>Vm h¡&
AV… {ejH$m| H$mo Mm{hE {H$ do BZ H$m¶©H«$‘m| Ho$ ñdê$n ‘| Bg T>§J
H$m n[adV©Z H$ao§ {H$ Bg‘| g^r N>mÌm| H$s g‘mZ ^mJrXmar hmo, Vm{H$
 n¥îR> 30 d¥{Õ Ed§ {dH$mg Ho$ {d{^ÝZ Am¶m‘
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
g^r ‘| g‘mZ ê$n go e¡{jH$ A{^ê${M H$m¶‘ aho&
5. Iob {H«$¶m¶| d XñVH$mar H$m¶© H$amVo g‘¶ {ejH$ H$mo ܶmZ aIZm
Mm{hE {H$ do CZHo$ emar[aH$ d {H«$¶mË‘H$ {dH$mg AZwHy$b hmo& Ohm±
VH$ gå^d hmo, ~mbH$m| H$mo g{H«$¶ Iob IobZo Ho$ {bE ào[aV H$aZm
Mm{hE, {Oggo CZHo$ eara Ho$ emar[aH$ {dH$mg Ho$ gmW-gmW
‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg ^r R>rH$ T>§J go hmo, ³¶m|{H$ {ejH$ hr ¶h ~mV
AÀN>r Vah g‘P gH$Vo h¢ {H$ Iob Ûmam Omo emar[aH$ d ‘mZ{gH$
{dH$mg hmoVm h¡& Cggo N>mÌm| ‘| gyP CËnÝZ hmoVr h¡ VWm CZ‘|
g¥OZmË‘H$ j‘Vm¶o§ ^r CËnÝZ hmoVr h¡& BZgo ~mbH$m| Ho$ ì¶p³VËd
{dH$mg na ^r grYm Aga n‹S>Vm h¡& Iob go ~mbH$m| ‘| gh¶mo{JVm,
CXmaVm VWm gÀMmB© O¡go erbJwU ^r {dH${gV hmoVo h¢&
6. nmR²>¶H«$‘ ‘| ^r Eogo nmR>m| H$mo {ZYm©[aV {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡ d n‹T>m¶m
Om gH$Vm h¡ {OZHo$ ‘mܶ‘ go ñdmñ϶H$a ImZ-nmZ, N>moQ>r-‘moQ>r
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~r‘m[a¶m| H$m ImZ-nmZ go gå~ÝY Am{X H$mo g¡ÕmpÝVH$ ê$n go
g‘Pm¶m Om gHo$&
7. {ejH$ H$mo N>mÌm| H$s Am¶w Ho$ AZwê$n Imo-Imo, [a¨J~m°b Am{X Iob
{IbmZo Mm{hE VWm H$^r-H$^r Iobm| Ho$ ‘mܶ‘ go hr nmR>m| H$mo
g‘PmZm Mm{hE&
Bg Vah ñnîQ> h¡ {H$ ~mbH$m| Ho$ emar[aH$ {dH$mg H$m ~hþV A{YH$
e¡{jH$ ‘hÎd h¡& ¶hr H$maU h¡ {H$ AmOH$b ñHy$bm| ‘| àm¶… Eogo H$m¶©H«$‘
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V¡¶ma {H$¶o OmVo h¢, {OZgo ~mbH$m| ‘| C{MV emar[aH$ {dH$mg gå^d hmo gHo$&
3.3 ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg
~mbH$ Ho$ ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg go VmËn¶© CgH$s ‘mZ{gH$ {H«$¶mAm| Ed§ ¶mo½¶VmAm|
Ho$ {dH$mg go hmoVm h¡& BZHo$ AÝVJ©V ~w{Õ, g§doXZm, à˶jrH$aU, {ZarjU,
ê${M, ܶmZ, H$ënZm, {MÝVZ, VH©$, {ZU©¶, ñ‘¥{V, {dñ‘¥{V, Am{X ‘mZ{gH$
{H«$¶mAm| Ed§ ¶mo½¶VmAm| H$m {dH$mg AmVm h¡ Am¡a BZ {H«$¶mAm| Ed§ ¶mo½¶VmAm|
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Ho$ {dH$mg go ‘mZd ì¶dhma à^m{dV hmoVm h¡&
3.3.1 ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg H$m AW©
gm‘mݶ eãXm| ‘| {eew Ho$ ‘mZ{gH$ {dMma go VmËn¶© {eew H$s g‘P go hmoVm
h¡& OÝ‘ Ho$ g‘¶ {eímw ‘| ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg H$m ñVa H$ar~-H$ar~ eyݶ
hmoVm h¡& O¡go-O¡go CgH$s C‘« ~‹T>Vr OmVr h¡ VWm Cgo ZB©-ZB© AZw^y{V¶m±
hmoVr OmVr h¡, CgH$m ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg hmoVm OmVm h¡& ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg
go VmËn¶© ‘mZ{gH$ j‘VmAm| Ho$ {dH$mg go hmoVm h¡& Bg ‘mZ{gH$ j‘Vm
‘| g§doXZerbVm, à˶jrH$aU, à˶¶ {Z‘m©U, AdbmoH$Z, ܶmZ, ñ‘¥{V,
H$ënZm, {MÝVZ, VH©$, {ZU©¶, ~w{Õ, ^mfm, A{YJ‘ j‘Vm Am{X g§kmZmË‘H$
ep³V¶m± AmVr h¢& OÝ‘ Ho$ g‘¶ {eímw H$m ‘pñVîH$ A{dH${gV hmoVm h¡ Am¡a
CgH$m ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg ZJʶ hmoVm h¡& {eew Ho$ emar[aH$ {dH$mg Ho$ gmW-
gmW AWm©V² CgH$s Am¶w ‘| d¥{Õ Ho$ gmW-gmW CgH$m ‘pñVîH$ {dH${gV
hmoVm OmVm h¡ AWm©V² CgH$m ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg hmoVm h¡& {dH$mg H$s AdñWmAm|
Ho$ AZwê$n hr ~mbH$ ‘| ‘mZ{gH$ ep³V¶m| Ho$ {dH$mg ‘| n[adV©Z hmoVm ahVm
h¡& Bg àH$ma ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg dh {dH$mg h¡, Omo OÝ‘ go n[an³dVm VH$
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
àJʶ
gVV² Omar ahVm h¡, {Oggo ‘mZ{gH$ j‘VmE± Am¡a {H«$¶mE± CÎmamoÎma Ed§ {deof
T>§J go g§J{R>V hmoVr OmVr h¡& {ejm eãXH$moe ‘| ~mbH$ Ho$ ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg
H$mo n[a^m{fV H$aVo hþ¶o {bIm h¡-
‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg OÝ‘-nyd© AdñWm go àm¡‹T>Vm VH$ ì¶{³V H$s ‘mZ{gH$ {H«$¶mAm|
Am¡a ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ ì¶dhma H$m CÎmamoÎma {dH$mg Ed§ g§JR>Z h¡&
Ooåg S´>oda Ho$ AZwgma-
ì¶{³V Ho$ OÝ‘ go n[an³dVm VH$ H$s ‘mZ{gH$ j‘VmAm| Ed§ {H«$¶mAm| Ho$ CÎmamoÎma
àH$Q>Z Ed§ g§JR>Z H$s à{H«$¶m H$mo ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg H$hm OmVm h¡&
Bg n[a^mfm go ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg Ho$ à‘wI V϶m| na Bg àH$ma àH$me
n‹S>Vm h¡-
1. ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg H$m gå~ÝY ‘mZ{gH$ j‘VmAm| VWm ‘mZ{gH$
H$m¶© go hmoVm h¡&
2. ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg H$s à{H«$¶m CÎmamoÎma AWm©V² H«${‘H$ hmoVr h¡
3. ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg H$s à{H«$¶m OÝ‘ go nyU© n[an³dVm AmZo VH$
MbVr ahVr h¡&
3.3.2 ~më¶mdñWm ‘| ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg
~më¶mdñWm ‘| ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg H$s J{V e¡edmdñWm go Yr‘r hmoVr h¡& Bg
AdñWm ‘| ~mbH$m| ‘§o g‘PZo, ñ‘aU H$aZo, {dMma H$aZo, g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ
H$aZo, qMVZ H$aZo, à˶j kmZ H$aZo, {ZU©¶ boZo H$s ep³V H$m {dH$mg hmoVm h¡&
H«$mo Ed§ H«$mo Ho$ AZwgma-
O~ ~mbH$ bJ^J 6 df© H$m hmo OmVm h¡, V~ CgH$s ‘mZ{gH$ ¶mo½¶VmAm| H$m
bJ^J nyU© {dH$mg hmo OmVm h¡&
Cg‘| é{M, {Okmgm, {ZU©¶, {MÝVZ, ñ‘aU Am¡a g‘ñ¶m-g‘mYmZ
Ho$ JwUm| H$m n¶m©ßV {dH$mg hmo OmVm h¡& {d{^ÝZ Am¶w ‘| dh AnZo BZ JwUm| H$m
Bg àH$ma àXe©Z H$aVm h¡-
1. N>R>dm± df©
~mbH$ {~Zm {hMHo$ hþE 13-14 VH$ H$s {JZVr gwZm XoVm h¡, gab àíZm| Ho$
CÎma Xo XoVm h¡ Am¡a eara Ho$ {d{^ÝZ A§Jm| Ho$ Zm‘ ~Vm XoVm h¡& ¶{X Cgo H$moB©
{MÌ {XIm¶m Om¶o, Vmo dh Cg‘| ~Zr hþB© dñVwAm| H$m dU©Z H$a gH$Vm h¡ Am¡a
CZ‘§o g‘mZVmE± Ed§ Ag‘mZVmE± ^r ~Vm gH$Vm h¡&
2. gmVdm± df©
~mbH$ ‘| Xmo dñVwAm| ‘| AÝVa H$aZo H$s ep³V H$m {dH$mg hmo OmVm h¡& dh
bH$‹S>r, H$mo¶bm, OhmO Am¡a ‘moQ>aH$ma ‘§o AÝVa ~Vm gH$Vm h¡& dh N>moQ>r-
N>moQ>r KQ>ZmAm| H$m dU©Z, O{Q>b dm³¶m§o H$m à¶moJ Am¡a gmYmaU g‘ñ¶mAm|
H$m g‘mYmZ H$aZo H$s ¶mo½¶Vm aIVm h¡&
3. AmR>dm± df©
~mbH$ ‘| N>moQ>r H$hm{Z¶m| Am¡a H${dVmAm| H$mo AÀN>r Vah XmohamZo, 16 eãXm|
Ho$ dm³¶m| H$mo {~Zm JbVr {H$E hþE ~mobZo, EH$ n¡am H$s H$hmZr na 5 ¶m 6
àíZm| Ho$ CÎma XoZo Am¡a à{V{XZ H$s gmYmaU g‘ñ¶mAm| H$m g‘mYmZ H$aZo
H$s ¶mo½¶Vm hmoVr h¡&
 àJʶ d¥{Õ Ed§ {dH$mg Ho$ {d{^ÝZ Am¶m‘
4. Zdm± df©
~mbH$ H$mo {XZ, g‘¶, VmarI, df© Am¡a {g³H$m| H$m kmZ hmoVm h¡& dh 5-6
VwH$mÝV eãXm| H$mo ~VmZo Am¡a 6-7 eãXm| H$mo CëQ>o H«$‘ ‘| XmohamZo ‘§o g’$b
hmoVm h¡& dh gm‘mݶ eãXm| H$m à¶moJ H$aZo bJVm h¡ Am¡a XoIr hþE {’$ë‘ H$s
60% ~mV| ~Vm gH$Vm h¡&
5. Xgdm± df©
~mbH$ VrZ {‘ZQ> ‘§o 60-70 eãX ~mob gH$Vm h¡ Am¡a N>moQ>r-N>moQ>r H$hm{Z¶m|
H$mo ¶mX H$aHo$ gwZm gH$Vm h¡& Cgo X¡{ZH$ OrdZ Ho$ {Z¶‘m|, naånamAm|,
gyMZmAm| Am{X H$m Wmo‹S>m-~hþV kmZ hmo OmVm h¡&
6. ½¶mahdm± df©
~mbH$ ‘| VH©$, {Okmgm Am¡a {ZarjU H$s ep³V¶m| H$m H$m’$s {dH$mg hmo OmVm
h¡& dh new-n{j¶m|, H$sQ>-nV§Jm| Am{X H$m ^r {ZarjU H$aHo$ kmZ àmá H$a
boVm h¡& ~mbH$ H$B© H${R>Z eãXm| H$s ì¶m»¶m H$aZo bJVm h¡, {d{^ÝZ dñVwAm|
‘| VwbZm H$aZo bJVm h¡&
7. ~mahdm± df©
~mbH$ ‘| VH©$ Am¡a g‘ñ¶m-g‘mYmZ H$s ep³V H$m H$m’$s {dH$mg hmo OmVm h¡&
Cg‘§o H${R>Z eãXm| H$s ì¶m»¶m H$aZo Am¡a gmYmaU ~mVm| Ho$ H$maU ~VmZo H$s
¶mo½¶Vm hmoVr h¡& dh XoIr hþB© {’$ë‘ H$s 75% ~mV| ~Vm gH$Vm h¡&
~mahd| df© ‘| ~mbH$ Am¡a ~m{bH$mAm| ‘| VH©$ H$aZo, g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ
H$aZo H$s ¶mo½¶Vm Am OmVr h¡& CgHo$ AÝXa H${R>Z eãXm| H$s ì¶m»¶m H$aZo
Am¡a gmYmaU ~mVm| Ho$ H$maU ~VmZo H$s ¶mo½¶Vm hmoVr h¡& dh XoIr hþB© KQ>Zm
H$s 75 à{VeV ~mVm| H$mo ~mX ‘| ^r ~Vm gH$Vm h¡&
~më¶mdñWm ‘| ~mbH$ n[apñW{V¶m| H$mo g‘PZo bJVm h¡ VWm CZH$m
gm‘Zm H$aZo H$m à¶mg H$aVm h¡& CgH$s ê${M Z¶o H$m¶m], dñVwAm| Ed§ ì¶p³V¶m|
‘| ~‹T>Vr h¡ Cg‘| g‘m¶moOZ H$s j‘Vm H$m {dH$mg hmo OmVm h¡&
3.3.3 ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg H$mo à^m{dV H$aZo dmbo H$maH$
à˶oH$ AdñWm ‘| hmoZo dmbo ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg H$mo AZoH$ H$maH$ à^m{dV H$aVo
h¢& n[adma, dmVmdaU ¶m Aݶ n[apñW{V¶m| go gå~{ÝYV H$maH$ ‘mZ{gH$
{dH$mg H$s J{V H$mo Vrd« Ed§ ‘ÝX H$a XoVo h¢& H«$mo Ed§ H«$mo Zo ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg
H$mo à^m{dV H$aZo dmbo H$maH$m| Ho$ {df¶ ‘| {bIm h¡-
{d{^ÝZ H$maH$ ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg H$mo à^m{dV H$aVo h¢& d§emZwJV ñZm¶wV§Ì H$s
g§aMZm gå^m{dV {dH$mg H$s Xa Ed§ gr‘m H$mo gw{ZpíMV H$aVr h¡& Hw$N> Aݶ
emar[aH$ Xem¶| ¶m d¡¶p³VH$ Am¡a dmVmdaU gå~ÝYr H$maH$ ‘mZ{gH$ àJ{V H$mo Vrd«
AWdm ‘ÝX H$a gH$Vo h¢&
‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg H$mo à^m{dV H$aZo dmbo Hw$N> à‘wI H$maH$
{ZåZ{b{IV h¢-
1. d§emZwH«$‘ ¶m AmZwd§{eH$Vm
‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| Zo AnZo Aܶ¶Z go {gÕ {H$¶m h¡ {H$ ~mbH$ Ho$ ‘mZ{gH$
{dH$mg H$mo à^m{dV H$aZo ‘| d§emZwH«$‘ g~go ‘hÎdnyU© H$maH$ h¡, ³¶m|{H$
‘Zwî¶ ‘mZ{gH$ ¶mo½¶Vm¶| VWm JwU AmZwd§{eH$ ê$n go boH$a hr CËnÝZ hmoVm
h¡ {OÝh| dmVmdaU Ho$ Ûmam n[ad{V©V Zht {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡& Bg {df¶ ‘|
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
n¥îR> 31
J«oQ>g Ed§ Aݶ Zo {bIm h¡-
{H$gr ì¶{³V H$m Cggo A{YH$ {dH$mg Zht hmo gH$Vm h¡, {OVZm {H$ CgH$m
d§emZwH«$‘ gå^d ~ZmVm h¡&
AWm©V² H$moB© ^r ì¶{³V Cggo A{YH$ {dH$mg Zht H$a gH$Vm h¡,
{OVZm {H$ CgH$m d§emZwH«$‘ gå^d ~ZmVm h¡&
2. n[adma H$m dmVmdaU
n[adma Ho$ dmVmdaU H$m ~mbH$ Ho$ ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg go K{ZîR> gå~ÝY h¡&
Xþ:IX Am¡a H$bhnyU© dmVmdaU ‘| ~mbH$ H$m CVZm ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg hmoZm
gå^d Zht h¡, {OVZm {H$ gwIX Am¡a emÝV dmVmdaU ‘|& Bg gå~ÝY ‘|
Hw$ßnyñdm‘r H$m ‘V h¡-
EH$ AÀN>m n[adma, {Og‘| ‘mVm-{nVm ‘| AÀN>o gå~ÝÜm hmoVo h¢, {Og‘| do AnZo
~ÀMm| H$s é{M¶m| Am¡a Amdí¶H$VmAm| H$mo g‘PVo h¢ Ed§ {Og‘§o AmZÝX Am¡a ñdVÝÌVm
H$m dmVmdaU hmoVm h¡, à˶oH$ gXñ¶ Ho$ ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg ‘§o A˶{YH$ ¶moJXmZ XoVm h¡&
3. n[adma H$s gm‘m{OH$ pñW{V
CÀM gm‘m{OH$ pñW{V Ho$ n[adma Ho$ ~mbH$ H$m ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg A{YH$ hmoVm
h¡& BgH$m H$maU ¶h h¡ {H$ CgH$mo ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg Ho$ Omo gmYZ CnbãY
hmoVo h¢, do {ZåZ gm‘m{OH$ pñW{V Ho$ n[adma Ho$ ~mbH$ Ho$ {bE Xþb©^ hmoVo h¢&
BgH$s nwpîQ> ‘§o ñQ>—¢J Ho$ AJ«m§{H$V eãX CÕ¥V {H$¶o Om gH$Vo h¢-
CÀM gm‘m{OH$ pñW{V dmbo n[adma Ho$ ~ÀMo ~w{Õ H$s ‘m¡{IH$ Am¡a {b{IV
narjmAm| ‘| ñnîQ> ê$n go loîR> hmoVo h¢&
4. n{adma H$s Am{W©H$ pñW{V
Q>‘©Z Zo AnZo narjUm| Ho$ AmYma na ~Vm¶m h¡ {H$ à{V^membr ~mbH$ X[aÐ
joÌm| go AmZo Ho$ ~Om¶ AÀN>r Am{W©H$ pñW{V dmbo n[admam| go A{YH$ AmVo h¢&
BgH$m H$maU ¶h h¡ {H$ BZ ~mbH$m| H$mo Hw$N> {deof gw{dYmE± CnbãY ahVr h¡;
O¡go- C{MV ^moOZ, CnMma Ho$ n¶m©ßV gmYZ, CÎm‘ e¡{jH$ Adga, Am{W©H$
H$îQ> go gwajm Am{X&
5. ‘mVm-{nVm H$s {ejm
A{e{jV ‘mVm-{nVm H$s Anojm {e{jV ‘mVm-{nVm H$m ~mbH$ Ho$ ‘mZ{gH$
{dH$mg na H$ht A{YH$ à^md n‹S>Vm h¡& ñQ>´¢J H$m H$WZ h¡-
‘mVm-{nVm H$s {ejm, ~ÀMm| H$s ‘mZ{gH$ ¶mo½¶Vm go {ZpíMV ê$n go gå~pÝYV h¡&
6. C{MV àH$ma H$s {ejm
~mbH$ Ho$ ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg Ho$ {bE C{MV àH$ma H$s {ejm A{V Amdí¶H$ h¡&
Eogr {ejm Omo CgHo$ ‘mZ{gH$ JwUm| Am¡a ep³V¶m| H$m {dH$mg H$aVr h¡& AañVw
H$m ¶h H$WZ nyU©V¶m g˶ h¡ -
{ejm ‘Zwî¶ H$s ep³V H$m, {deof ê$n go CgH$s ‘mZ{gH$ ep³V H$m {dH$mg
H$aVr h¡&
7. {dÚmb¶
AÀN>m {dÚmb¶, ~mbH$ Ho$ ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg H$m dmñV{dH$ Am¡a ‘hÎdnyU©
H$maH$ h¡& Hw$ßnyñdm‘r Ho$ eãXm| ‘| -
 n¥îR> 32 d¥{Õ Ed§ {dH$mg Ho$ {d{^ÝZ Am¶m‘
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
AÀN>m {dÚmb¶ Eogm nmR²>¶H«$‘ àñVwV H$aVm h¡, Omo N>mÌm| H$s é{M¶m| Am¡a
Amdí¶H$VmAm| H$mo nyam H$aZo Ho$ {bE {d{^ÝZ {H«$¶mAm| go n[anyU© ahVm h¡& Eogm
{dÚmb¶ ñdñW ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg H$m EH$ dmñV{dH$ H$maU h¡&
8. {ejH$
~mbH$ Ho$ ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg ‘| {ejH$ H$m ñWmZ ~hþV ‘hÎdnyU© h¡& ¶{X {ejH$
H$m ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg AÀN>m h¡, ¶{X dh ~mbH$ Ho$ à{V n«o‘ Am¡a ghmZw^y{V
H$m ì¶dhma H$aVm h¡ Am¡a ¶{X dh {ejU-{d{Y¶m| Ed§ C{MV {ejU-{d{Y¶m|
Ed§ C{MV {ejU-gm‘J«r H$m à¶moJ H$aVm h¡, Vmo ~mbH$ H$m ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg
hmoZm ñdm^m{dH$ h¡&
9. emar[aH$ ñdmñ϶
emar[aH$ ñdmñ϶ hr ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg H$m ‘w»¶ AmYma h¡& AañVw Zo ^r H$hm
h¡ {H$ ñdñW eara ‘| hr ñdñW ‘pñVîH$ H$m {Z‘m©U hmoVm h¡& emar[aH$ ÑpîQ>
www.praganya.org
go g~b Am¡a ñdñW ~mbH$ A{YH$ n[al‘ H$aHo$ AñdñW ~mbH$ H$s Anojm
AnZo ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg H$s J{V H$mo AÀN>o T>§J go {dH${gV H$a gH$Vm h¡&
Bgr{bE àmMrZ H$mb go hr Bg Amoa ܶmZ {X¶m OmVm ahm h¡&
10. g‘mO
‘Zwî¶ EH$ gm‘m{OH$ àmUr h¡& g‘mO hr CZHo$ ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg H$s J{V
Am¡a gr‘m H$mo {ZYm©[aV H$aVm h¡& ¶{X g‘mO AnZo ZmJ[aH$m| Ho$ {bE AÀN>o
www.praganya.org
{dÚmb¶, nwñVH$mb¶, dmMZmb¶m| Ed§ ‘Zmoa§OZ Ho$ gmYZm| H$s ì¶dñWm H$aVm
h¡, Vmo ~mbH$ Ho$ ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg H$mo gVV² {dH${gV {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡&
BZ gw{dYmAm| Ho$ Z hmoZo go ~mbH$m| Ho$ ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg H$s J{V, {Xem Am¡a
gr‘m g§Hw${MV hmo OmVr h¡&
~mbH$ H$s {d{^ÝZ AdñWmAm| ‘o§ hmoZo dmbo ‘mZ{gH$ n[adV©Zm| H$m
H«$‘~Õ Aܶ¶Z H$aZo go kmV hmoVm h¡ {H$ ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg EH$ ~hþV ‘hÎdnyU©
nj h¡& ¶{X ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg H$m ñdê$n Ed§ CZHo$ à^m{dV H$aZo dmbo H$maH$m|
H$s OmZH$mar hmo Vmo ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg H$mo Vrd« J{V àXmZ H$s Om gH$Vr h¡&
{ejm ~mbH$mo§ Ho$ ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg ‘| ‘hÎdnyU© ^y{‘H$m {Z^mVr h¡& ‘mVm-{nVm
www.praganya.org
Am¡a {ejH$m| H$m ¶h Amdí¶H$ H$Îm©ì¶ h¡ {H$ do ~mbH$m| H$mo C{MV Adga d
dmVmdaU àXmZ H$aHo$ CÀMV‘ ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg Ho$ {bE ghm¶Vm àXmZ H$a|&
3.3.4 ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg H$s {deofVmE±
‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg H$s Hw$N> {deofVmE± {ZåZ{b{IV h¢-
1. ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg {eewAm| H$s Am¶w Ho$ gmW ~‹T>Vm h¡& ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m|
Ho$ AZwgma OÝ‘ Ho$ g‘¶ ~mbH$m| ‘| EH$ gm‘mݶ Amdoe H$m
{M• nm¶m OmVm h¡& BgHo$ 3 ‘hrZo ~mX ~mbH$m| ‘| g§doJmË‘H$
{dH$mg hmoVm h¡ {Og‘| ~mbH$m| ‘| Xþ…I VWm AmZÝX Xmo Vah Ho$
g§doJ {dH${gV hmoVo h¢& BgHo$ Hw$N> ‘hrZo ~mX {eew ‘| à˶jmË‘H$
{díbofU H$aZo H$s AdñWm AmZo na do eof gà˶¶ {dH${gV H$aZm
ewê$ H$a XoVo h¢ VWm AnZr ñ‘¥{V Ho$ AmYma na à˶oH$ dñVw H$m
ñ‘¥{V {MÌ ^r ~ZmZm àmaå^ H$a XoVo h¢& AV… ~mbH$m| ‘| ‘mZ{gH$
{dH$mg Am¶w Ho$ gmW A{YH$ n[an³d hmoVm OmVm h¡&
2. ~mbH$m| ‘| ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg Ho$ gmW-gmW CZH$s Amdí¶H$VmAm|
Ed§ ê${M¶m| ‘| {dñVma hmoVm h¡& OÝ‘ Ho$ 2 gámh go 2 gmb H$s
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
àJʶ
Ad{Y ‘| ^yI-߶mg go gå~{ÝYV Amdí¶H$VmE± ~më¶mdñWm VH$
AmVo-AmVo {Ibm¡Zm| d Iob H$s Amdí¶H$Vm ‘| ~Xb OmVr h¡&
3. ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg H$m gå~ÝY ‘mZ{gH$ j‘VmAm| Ed§ {H«$¶mAm| go
hmoVm h¡&
4. ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg Ho$ gmW hr ~mbH$m| Ho$ ‘Z ‘| Z¶o-Z¶o {dMma Ed§
qMVZ AmZm ewê$ hmo OmVm h¡& ~mbH$ {H$gr KQ>Zm H$m {díbofU H$a
Cggo Z¶o-Z¶o AZw^d àmá H$aZo H$s j‘Vm {dH${gV H$a boVm h¡,
Omo ^{dî¶ ‘| H$m‘ AmVr h¡&
5. ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg Ho$ gmW hr ~mbH$m| ‘| g‘¶ gå~ÝYr eãXmdbr
^r {dH${gV hmo OmVr h¡& 6-7 gmb H$s AdñWm VH$ ~mbH$ àm¶…
gw~h, amV, J«rî‘, gXu O¡go eãXm| H$mo OmZ OmVm h¡&
6. 15 ‘hrZo VH$ Omo {eew AnZr BÀN>m Ed§ ‘Zmod¥[Îm H$s A{^ì¶p³V
hmd-^md Ed§ g§Ho$V go H$aVo h¢& ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg ‘| d¥{Õ hmoZo go do
Cgo eãXm| Ho$ ê$n ‘| A{^춳V H$aZo H$s j‘Vm {dH${gV H$a boVo
h¢& Amaå^ ‘| ^mfm ‘| AñnîQ>Vm hmoVr h¡, naÝVw Yrao-Yrao Cg‘|
ñnîQ>Vm Ed§ ewÕVm AmZo bJVr h¡&
7. ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg ‘| d¥{Õ Ho$ gmW hr ~mbH$m| ‘| ¶moOZm ~ZmZo H$s
j‘Vm H$m {dH$mg hmo OmVm h¡&
8. ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg go ~mbH$m| ‘| JV AZw^dm| go Cn¶w³V bm^ CR>mZo
H$s j‘Vm {dH${gV hmo OmVr h¡&
‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg ‘| EH$ H«$‘~ÕVm hmoVr h¡& ¶h {dH$mg H$s à{H«$¶m
OÝ‘ go n[an³dVm VH$ H«${‘H$ T>§J go MbVr ahVr h¡& O¡go-O¡go ~mbH$
AnZo ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg Ho$ CÀMV‘ {eIa Ho$ ZOXrH$ AmVm OmVm h¡, CgH$s
‘mZ{gH$ j‘Vm¶| H$m’$s gwÑ‹T> hmoVr OmVr h¡ VWm àm¶… 18-19 gmb VH$
AnZo CÀMV‘ {eIa na nhþ±M OmVr h¡& AV… ¶hr AdñWm ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg
H$s {eIa AdñWm ‘mZr OmVr h¡&
3.3.5 ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg Am¡a {ejm
{d{^ÝZ AdñWmAm| ‘| ‘mZ{gH$ d¥{Õ Am¡a {dH$mg Ho$ ñdê$n H$m kmZ Am¡a
‘mZ{gH$ ¶mo½¶VmAm| Am¡a j‘VmAm| ‘| Am¶w Ho$ gmW-gmW hmoZo dmbo n[adV©Zm|
H$s A‘yë¶ OmZH$mar AܶmnH$ Ho$ {bE ~hþV hr Cn¶moJr {gÕ hmo gH$Vr h¡&
Bg Cn¶mo{JVm H$mo g§{já ê$n ‘| {ZåZ àH$ma 춳V {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡…-
1. {d{^ÝZ Am¶w ñVam| na nmR>²¶H«$‘ gå~ÝYr Am¡a ghJm‘r {H«$¶mAm|
VWm AZw^dm| Ho$ M¶Z Am¡a {Z¶moOZ ‘| Bggo ghm¶Vm {‘b gH$Vr
h¡&
2. {H$g {d{Y Am¡a VarHo$ go n‹T>m¶m Om¶o, ghm¶H$ gm‘J«r VWm {ejU
gmYZ {H$g àH$ma à¶moJ ‘| bmE Om¶|, e¡j{UH$ dmVmdaU {H$g
àH$ma H$m hmo, ¶h g~ {ZpíMV H$aZo ‘| ^r AܶmnH$ H$mo Bggo
ghm¶Vm {‘bVr h¡&
3. {d{^ÝZ AdñWmAm| Am¡a Am¶w ñVa na ~ÀMm| H$s ‘mZ{gH$ ~w{Õ Am¡a
{dH$mg H$mo ܶmZ ‘| aIVo hþE Cn¶w³V nmR²>¶ nwñVH|$ V¡¶ma H$aZo ‘|
^r Bggo ghm¶Vm {‘b gH$Vr h¡&
4. BgH$s ghm¶Vm go AܶmnH$ H$mo ¶h kmV hmo OmVm h¡ {H$ EH$
{deof àH$ma H$s n‹T>mB© Am¡a H$m¶©, {OÝh| H$aZo Ho$ {bE Hw$N> {deof
 àJʶ d¥{Õ Ed§ {dH$mg Ho$ {d{^ÝZ Am¶m‘
{dH${gV ‘mZ{gH$ ep³V¶m§o H$s Amdí¶H$Vm hmoVr h¡, Cn¶w³V g‘¶
na CZ ep³V¶m| Ho$ {dH${gV hmoZo na hr àmaå^ H$amZo Mm{hE&
AZmdí¶H$ erK«Vm Am¡a Xoar, XmoZm| hr Bg AdñWm ‘| hm{ZH$maH$
{gÕ hmo gH$Vr h¢&
5. Bg àH$ma Ho$ kmZ Ûmam AܶmnH$ AnZo {eî¶m| H$s ‘mZ{gH$
ep³V¶m| Am¡a j‘VmAm| Ho$ nyU© {dH$mg ‘| nyU© gh¶moJ àXmZ H$a
gH$Vm h¡& dh CÝh| g‘mYmZ Am¡a g¥OZmË‘H$ A{^ì¶p³V Ho$ {bE
n¶m©á à{ejU Xo gH$Vm h¡& {~Zm gmoMo g‘Po VmoVo H$s Vah aQ>Zo
Am¡a AÝYm| H$s Vah BYa-CYa hmW ‘ma H$a H$m¶© ‘| g’$b hmoZo
Ho$ {bE à¶mg H$aZo H$s Anojm VH©$ ep³V¶m| VWm gyP$-~yP Ho$
AmYma na ¶mX aIZo Am¡a Aݶ H$m¶© gånÝZ H$aZo ‘| ^r dh CZH$s
ghm¶Vm H$a gH$Vm h¡& CZHo$ {ZarjU, à˶jrH$aU, gm‘mݶrH$aU
gå~ÝYr ¶mo½¶Vm H$mo {dH${gV H$aZo ‘| ^r CZH$s ‘mZ{gH$ ep³V¶m|
H$s d¥{Õ Am¡a {dH$mg Ho$ ñVa H$mo ܶmZ ‘| aIVo hþE dh CZH$s nyar
‘XX H$a gH$Vm h¡&
Bg Vah go EH$ AܶmnH$ ‘mZ{gH$ d¥{Õ Am¡a {dH$mg Ho$ g^r nhbwAm|
Am¡a CZHo$ {d{^ÝZ ñVam| na hmoZo dmbo gm‘mݶ Am¡a {d{eîQ> n[adV©Z H$mo
ܶmZ ‘| aIVo hþE AnZo {eî¶m| H$mo ‘mZ{gH$ d¥{Õ Am¡a {dH$mg Ho$ nW na
AÀN>r Vah go AJ«ga H$a gH$Vm h¡& dh Z Ho$db CZH$s ‘mZ{gH$ ep³V¶m|
Am¡a ¶mo½¶VmAm| Ho$ {dH$mg ‘| hr ghm¶Vm H$aVm h¡, ~pëH$ CÝh| BZ ep³V¶m|
Am¡a ¶mo½¶VmAm| H$m CgHo$ ñd¶§ Am¡a g‘mO Ho$ bm^ H$mo ܶmZ ‘| aIVo hþE
{ddoH$ Am¡a ~w{Õ‘ÎmmnyU© Cn¶moJ H$aZo ‘| ^r g‘W© ~Zm gH$Vm h¡&
3.3.6 ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg H$m e¡{jH$ ‘hÎd
~mbH$ Ho$ ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg H$m e¡{jH$ ‘hÎd {ZåZ{b{IV h¡-
1. CÀM {dH${gV ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg dmbo ~mbH$ {ejU ‘| {deof ê${M
boVo h¢&
2. ‘mZ{gH$ ê$n go {dH${gV ~mbH$ H${R>Z {df¶dñVw H$mo gabVm go
g‘P boVo h¢&
3. Eogo ~mbH$ V϶m| H$m gm‘mݶrH$aU Ed§ {ZU©¶ boZo ‘| A{YH$ Hw$eb
hmoVo h¢&
4. Bg àH$ma H$o ~mbH$ CnbpãY narjU ‘| ^r AnZr ¶mo½¶Vm Ho$
AZwgma hr AÀN>o A§H$ A{O©V H$aVo h¢&
5. Bg àH$ma Ho$ ~mbH$m| ‘| g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ H$s {d{eîQ> ¶mo½¶Vm hmoVr
h¡ VWm do ñd¶§ hr AnZr g‘ñ¶m H$m g‘mYmZ ImoOZo ‘| gj‘
hmoVo h¢&
3.4 ~mbH$ H$m gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg
OÝ‘ Ho$ g‘¶ {eew ‘| gm‘m{OH$Vm bJ^J eyݶ hmoVr h¡ AWm©V² {eew Z Vmo
gm‘m{OH$ hmoVm h¡ Am¡a Z hr Agm‘m{OH$& O¡go-O¡go CgH$m emar[aH$ Am¡a
‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg hmoVm h¡, d¡go-d¡go CgH$m gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg ^r hmoVm h¡&
AnZo n[adma Ho$ gXñ¶m|, AnZo g‘yh Ho$ gm{W¶m|, AnZo g‘mO H$s g§ñWmAm|
Am¡a naånamAm| Ed§ AnZr ñd¶§ H$s é{M¶m| Am¡a BÀN>mAm| go à^m{dV hmoH$a
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
n¥îR> 33
dh AnZo gm‘m{OH$ ì¶dhma H$m {Z‘m©U Am¡a AnZm gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg H$aVm
h¡& gm‘m{OH$ ì¶dhma ‘| pñWaVm Z hmoH$a n[adV©ZerbVm hmoVr h¡& AV: g‘¶
Am¡a n[apñW{V¶m| Ho$ AZwgma Cg‘| n[adV©Z hmoVm ahVm h¡ Am¡a gm‘m{OH$
{dH$mg EH$ {ZpíMV {Xem H$s Amoa ~‹T>Vm OmVm h¡& Bg àH$ma g‘mOrH$aU H$s
à[H«$¶m Xÿgao ì¶p³V¶m| Ho$ gmW {eew Ho$ àW‘ gånH©$ go Amaå^ hmoVr h¡ Am¡a
AmOrdZ MbVr ahVr h¡&
3.4.1 gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg H$m AW©
gm‘m{OH$ AmXem], naånamAm| Ed§ ê${‹T>¶m| Ho$ AZwgma g‘mO Ho$ Aݶ bmoJm| Ho$
gh¶moJ go Omo ì¶dhma {H$¶m OmVm h¡, Cgo gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg Ho$ AÝVJ©V aIm
OmVm h¡& gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg ì¶p³V H$o g‘mOrH$aU H$s à{H«$¶m h¡& {dÛmZm| Zo
gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg H$s n[a^mfmE± Bg àH$ma Xr h¢-
1. habm°H$ Ho$ AZwgma-
gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg H$m AW© gm‘m{OH$ gå~ÝYm| ‘| n[an³dVm àmßV H$aZm h¡&
2. gmoaoÝgZ Ho$ AZwgma-
gm‘m{OH$ A{^d¥{Õ Am¡a {dH$mg H$m AW© h¡ AnZr Am¡a Xÿgam| H$s CÝZ{V Ho$ {bE
¶mo½¶Vm H$s d¥{Õ&
3. am°g Ho$ AZwgma-
gh¶moJ H$aZo dmbm| ‘| h‘ H$s ^mdZm H$m {dH$mg Am¡a CZHo$ gmW H$m‘ H$aZo H$s
j‘Vm H$m {dH$mg VWm g§H$ën g‘mOrH$aU H$hbmVm h¡&
3.4.2 ~më¶mdñWm ‘| gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg
Bg AdñWm ‘| gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg ~hþV VoOr go hmoVm h¡& Bg AdñWm ‘| ~mbH$
~mø ê$n go g‘mO Ho$ gånH©$ ‘| AmVm h¡ {Og H$maU gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg ‘|
Vrd«Vm hmoVr h¡& ~më¶mdñWm ‘| hmoZo dmbo gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg H$mo {ZåZ àH$ma
go 춳V {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡-
1. bJ^J 6 df© H$s Am¶w ‘| ~mbH$ àmW{‘H$ {dÚmb¶ ‘| àdoe H$aVm
h¡& dhm± dh EH$ ZE dmVmdaU go AZwHy$bZ H$aZm, gm‘m{OH$ H$m¶m]
‘| ^mJ boZm Am¡a ZE {‘Ì ~ZmZm grIVm h¡&
2. AZwHy$bZ H$aZo Ho$ CnamÝV, ~mbH$ H$o ì¶dhma ‘| CÝZ{V Am¡a
n[adV©Z Amaå^ hmo OmVm h¡& ’$bñdê$n, CgHo$ ñdVÝÌVm, ghm¶Vm
Am¡a CÎmaXm{¶Ëd Ho$ JwUm| H$m {dH$mg hmoZo bJVm h¡&
3. Bg AdñWm ‘| ~mbH$-~m{bH$m¶| {H$gr Z {H$gr Q>mobr ¶m g‘yh Ho$
gXñ¶ hmoVo h¢ Am¡a Q>mobr ¶m g‘yh Ho$ Iob, dñÌm| H$s ngÝX Am{X
H$m hr do AZwgaU H$aVo h¢& CZHo$ g‘yh ¶m Q>mobr Ûmam hr C{MV-
AZw{MV AmXem©| H$m ^r {ZYm©aU {H$¶m OmVm h¡& Bg àH$ma ~mbH$
Ho$ {dH$mg H$mo ZB© {Xem àmá hmoVr h¡&
4. g‘yh H$m gXñ¶ hmoZo Ho$ H$maU ~mbH$ ‘| AZoH$ gm‘m{OH$ JwUm| H$m
{dH$mg hmoVm h¡& Cg‘| gh¶moJ, gmhg, CÎmaXm{¶Ëd, ghZerbVm,
gX²^mdZm, AmË‘{Z¶ÝÌU, ݶm¶{à¶Vm Am{X JwUm| H$m CX¶ hmoZo
bJVm h¡&
5. Bg AdñWm ‘| b‹S>H$m| H$s Xm¡‹S>Zo-^mJZo dmbo Iobm|, Ka Ho$ ~mha
 n¥îR> 34 d¥{Õ Ed§ {dH$mg Ho$ {d{^ÝZ Am¶m‘
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
Ky‘Zo, ‘maYm‹S> dmbo H$m¶© Ed§ ‘maYm‹S> dmbr {’$ë‘| XoIZo ‘| A{YH$
ê${M hmoVr h¡, O~{H$ ~m{bH$m¶| ZmM-JmZm, H$‹T>mB©-~wZmB© VWm
Kaoby H$m¶m] ‘| A{YH$ ê${M boVr h¡& H«$mo Ed§ H«$mo Ho$ AZwgma- Bg
AdñWm ‘| ~mbH$ H$mo AnZo {චH$m¶m] ‘| ~hþV ê${M hmo OmVr h¡,
na ~mbH$m| Am¡a ~m{bH$mAm| Ho$ BZ H$m¶m] ‘| ñnîQ> AÝVa {XIm¶r
XoZo bJVm h¡&
6. Bg AdñWm ‘| ~mbH$ AnZo {ejH$ H$m gå‘mZ Adí¶ H$aVm h¡,
naÝVw CZH$m n[ahmg H$aZo H$s àd¥[Îm ^r Cg‘| hmoVr h¡&
7. ~më¶mdñWm ‘| ~mbH$-~m{bH$mE± àm¶… Ka Ho$ ~mha ahZm MmhVo h¢,
naÝVw CZHo$ ì¶dhma ‘| {eîQ>Vm hmoVr h¡& do Xÿgam| na AnZm à^md
Ed§ N>mn N>mo‹S>Zm MmhVo h¢ do AnZo H$mo Xÿgao Ho$ g‘j {e{jV Ed§
gwg§ñH¥$V hmoZo H$m Am^mg H$amZm MmhVo h¢&
8. ~më¶mdñWm ‘| ~mbH$-~m{bH$mE± gm‘m{OH$ ñdrH¥${V VWm àe§gm
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nmZo Ho$ Vrd« BÀNw>H$ hmoVo h¢& do Aݶ ì¶p³V¶m| Ho$ g‘j Eogo H$m¶©
VWm AmMaU H$mo àñVwV H$aZo H$m à¶mg H$aVo h¢, {OÝh| Aݶ
ì¶p³V ngÝX H$ao VWm do àe§gm ^r H$a|& do N>moQ>o ~ÀMm| H$s ghm¶Vm
H$aZo, nm[adm[aH$ H$m¶m] ‘| ghm¶Vm H$aZo, n‹T>Zo, {bIZo VWm ~‹S>m|
Ho$ AmXoem| H$m nmbZ H$aVo h¢&
9. ào‘ VWm ñZoh go d§{MV ~mbH$ Am¡a ~m{bH$m¶| Bg Am¶w ‘| CÔÊS>
ñd^md Ho$ hmo OmVo h¢& do AnZo ‘mVm-{nVm, n[adma VWm ~wOwJm]
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Am{X H$m ñZoh, Xþbma Am¡a g§ajU nmZo Ho$ {bE Vrd« BÀNw>H$ hmoVo
h¢, {Oggo CZHo$ A§Xa gH$mamË‘H$ gm‘m{OH$ JwU {dH${gV hmoVo
h¢ VWm BgH$o {dnarV ào‘ d ñZoh go d§{MV ~mbH$m| ‘| ZH$mamË‘H$
gm‘m{OH$ JwU {dH${gV hmoVo h¢&
10. Bg AdñWm ‘| ~mbH$-~m{bH$mE± {‘Ìm| H$m MwZmd H$aVo h¢ Am¡a H$jm
Ho$ ghnmR>r, Amg-n‹S>mog Ho$ g‘mZ C‘« Ho$ ~mbH$m| H$mo hr AnZm
{‘Ì ~ZmVo h¢& do AnZo {‘Ìm| Ho$ ÑpîQ>H$moU, {dMma, AmXV Am{X Ho$
{bE CZH$m AZwgaU H$aVo h¢&
11. Bg AdñWm ‘| ~mbH$ ‘| ZB© ~mVm| H$s ImoO H$aZo H$s ê${M CËnÝZ
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hmo OmVr h¡& dh AnZr Q>mobr, n‹S>mog, {dÚmb¶ VWm Aݶ ñWmZm|
Ho$ ì¶p³V¶m| Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘| ZB© ~mVm| H$s ImoO H$aVm h¡ Am¡a AnZo
gm{W¶m| H$mo CÝh| ~VmZo ‘| Jd© VWm AmZÝX H$m AZw^d H$aVm h¡&
12. H«$mo EÊS> H«$mo Ho$ AZwgma-
6 go 10 df© VH$ ~mbH$ AnZo dm§N>Zr¶ VWm Adm§N>Zr¶ ì¶dhma ‘|
{ZaÝVa àJ{V H$aVm ahVm h¡& dh ~hþYm CÝht H$m¶m] H$mo H$aVm h¡, {OZHo$
{H$¶o OmZo H$m H$moB© C{MV H$maU Zht OmZ n‹S>Vm h¡&
~më¶mdñWm ‘| ~mbH$ ~m{bH$mAm| Ûmam AmM[aV {H$¶o OmZo dmbo
gm‘m{OH$ ì¶dhmam| Ho$ Aܶ¶Z go ¶h ñnîQ> ê$n go nVm MbVm h¡ {H$ Bg
AdñWm ‘| gm‘m{OH$ OrdZ H$m joÌ {dñV¥V hmo OmVm h¡& {Og H$maUde
~mbH$m| Ho$ g‘mOrH$aU Ho$ Adga d gå^mdZmAm| ‘| ~‹T>V hmoVr h¡&
3.4.3 gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg H$mo à^m{dV H$aZo dmbo H$maH$
{d{^ÝZ AdñWmAm| ‘o§ hmoZo dmbo gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg H$mo AZoH$ H$maH$ à^m{dV
H$aVo h¢, Omo {ZåZ{b{IV h¢-
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
àJʶ
1. d§emZwH«$‘
‘Zmd¡km{ZH$ ‘mZVo h¢ {H$ gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg na d§emZwH«$‘ H$m Hw$N> Z Hw$N>
à^md Vmo Adí¶ hr n‹S>Vm h¡& d§emZwH«$‘ ì¶{³V Ho$ emar[aH$, ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg
Ho$ gmW-gmW gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg H$mo ^r à^m{dV H$aVm h¡& AZoH$ gm‘m{OH$
JwU ì¶p³V H$mo AnZo ‘mVm-{nVm, nyd©Om| Ed§ d§eOm| go àmá hmoVo h¢& ~mbH$
Ho$ AÝXa AZoH$ gm‘m{OH$ JwU O¡go-namonH$ma, X¶m, Amngr gh¶moJ, {ZY©Z
H$s ghm¶Vm H$aZm Am{X AmZwd§{eH$ d ‘mVm-{nVm Ho$ AmYma na hr AmVo h¢&
2. emar[aH$ Ed§ ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg
emar[aH$ d ‘mZ{gH$ ñdmñ϶ H$m ~mbH$ Ho$ gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg go K{ZîR>
gå~ÝY hmoVm h¡& emar[aH$ d ‘mZ{gH$ ê$n go {dH${gV ~mbH$ H$m gm‘m{OH$
{dH$mg ^r AÀN>o go hmoVm h¡ ~pëH$ dht AñdñW emar[aH$ d ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg
dmbo ~mbH$ H$m gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg ^r ghr go Zht hmoVm& An§J, ~r‘ma,
Aën~w{Õ dmbo ~mbH$ àm¶… g‘mO go {VañH¥$V ahVo h¢ VWm CZ‘| hrZ ^mdZm
H$m CX¶ hmo OmVm h¡& do ñd¶§ H$mo Aݶ ~mbH$m| Ho$ gmW g‘m¶mo{OV Zht H$a
nmVo h¢& à{V^membr ~mbH$ ^r ñd¶§ H$mo AnZo ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg Ho$ H$maU
gm‘m{OH$ ê$n go g‘m¶mo{OV H$aZo ‘| Ag‘W© hmoVm h¡&
3. g§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mg
~mbH$ Ho$ gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg H$m EH$ ‘hÎdnyU© AmYma CgH$m g§doJmË‘H$
{dH$mg h¡& H«$moY d B©î¶m© H$aZo dmbm ~mbH$ Xÿgao H$s K¥Um H$m nmÌ ~Z OmVm
h¡& CgHo$ {dnarV, ào‘ Am¡a {dZmoX go n[anyU© ~mbH$ g^r H$mo AnZr Amoa
AmH${f©V H$aVm h¡& Eogr pñW{V ‘| XmoZm| ~mbH$m| Ho$ gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg ‘| AÝVa
hmoZm ñdm^m{dH$ h¡& dñVwV: O¡gm {H$ H«$mo Ed§ H«$mo Zo {bIm h¡ -
g§doJmË‘H$ Am¡a gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg gmW-gmW MbVo h¢&
4. n[adma
~mbH$ Ho$ gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg H$m àmaå^ n[adma go hr hmoVm h¡& n[adma Ho$
dmVmdaU, g§ñH¥${V, gXñ¶mo§ H$m AmMaU, {ejmñVa, gh¶moJ, bmbZ-nmbZ
Am{X H$m à^md ~mbH$ Ho$ gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg na n‹S>Vm h¡& n[adma Ho$ ~‹S>o bmoJm|
H$m O¡gm AmMaU hmoVm h¡, ~mbH$ ^r d¡gm hr AmMaU H$aZo H$m à¶ËZ H$aVm
h¡& AV… n[adma Ho$ gXñ¶ VWm ‘mVm-{nVm Ho$ AmMaU H$m ~ÀMm| Ho$ ì¶dhma
na ~hþV A{YH$ à^md n‹S>Vm h¡&
5. Am{W©H$ pñW{V
n[adma d ‘mVm-{nVm H$s Am{W©H$ pñW{V H$m ~mbH$m| Ho$ gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg
na à^md n‹S>Vm h¡& YZr ‘mVm-{nVm Ho$ ~mbH$ AÀN>o ‘mhm¡b ‘§o ahVo h¢, AÀN>o
ì¶p³V¶m| go {‘bVo-OwbVo h¢, AÀN>o {dÚmb¶ ‘| {ejm àmá H$aVo h¢& AV…
CZH$m CÀM gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg hmoZm ñdm^m{dH$ hr h¡& BgHo$ {dnarV {ZY©Z
‘mVm-{nVm Ho$ ~ÀMo CÎm‘ dmVmdaU, C{MV gånH©$ VWm AÀN>o {dÚmb¶m| Ho$
A^md ‘| g‘w{MV gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg go d§{MV ah OmVo h¢&
6. nmbZ-nmofU H$s {d{Y
‘mVm-{nVm Ûmam ~mbH$ Ho$ nmbZ-nmofU H$s {d{Y CgHo$ gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg
na ~hþV Jham à^md S>mbVr h¡, CXmhaUmW©, g‘mZVm Ho$ AmYma na nmbm
OmZo dmbm ~mbH$ H$ht ^r AnZr hrZVm H$m AZw^d Zht H$aVm h¡ Am¡a ~hþV
 àJʶ d¥{Õ Ed§ {dH$mg Ho$ {d{^ÝZ Am¶m‘
bm‹S>-߶ma go nmbm OmZo dmbm ~mbH$ Xÿgao ~mbH$m| go Xÿa ahZm ngÝX H$aVm
h¡& AV: XmoZm| H$m gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg Xmo {^ÝZ {XemAm| ‘| hmoVm h¡&
7. g‘mO
g‘mO H$m ~mbH$ Ho$ gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg ‘| {deof ñWmZ hmoVm h¡& g‘mO Ho$
H$m¶©, AmXe© Am¡a à{V‘mZ ~mbH$ Ho$ ÑpîQ>H$moU H$m {Z‘m©U H$aVo h¢& ~mbH$
ñd¶§ H$mo g‘mO Ho$ AZwgma hr g‘m¶mo{OV H$aZo H$m à¶mg H$aVm h¡& AV…
J«m‘, eha, OZVÝÌ d amOVÝÌ ‘| ì¶p³V H$m gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg {^ÝZ-{^ÝZ
àH$ma go hmoVm h¡&
8. {dÚmb¶
n[adma Ho$ CnamÝV ~mbH$ Ho$ gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg ‘| {dÚmb¶ H$m ‘hÎdnyU©
ñWmZ h¡& {dÚmb¶m| ‘| ~mbH$ ghnmR>r d AܶmnH$m| go {‘bVo-OwbVo h¢ VWm
nañna gh¶moJ H$aHo$ {d{^ÝZ gm‘y{hH$ {H«$¶mAm| ‘| ^mJ boVo h¢, Omo CZH$s
gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg H$s J{V H$mo {ZYm©[aV H$aVm h¡, naÝVw ¶{X {dÚmb¶ H$m
dmVmdaU ^¶¶w³V Ed§ d‘Z na AmYm[aV hmoJm, Vmo ~mbH$ H$m gm‘m{OH$
{dH$mg Hw$pÊR>V hmoJm&
9. {ejH$
~mbH$ Ho$ gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg na AܶmnH$m| H$m ‘hÎdnyU© à^md n‹S>Vm h¡&
N>mÌ AnZo {ejH$ H$m hr AZwH$aU H$aVo h¢& ¶{X AܶmnH$ emÝV, {eîQ> VWm
gh¶moJr hmoVm h¡, Vmo N>mÌ ‘| ^r {eîQ>Vm, Y¡¶© Ed§ ghH$m[aVm H$m JwU {dH${gV
hmoVm h¡ Am¡a ¶{X {ejH$ H«$moYr Am¡a A{eîQ> hmoJm Vmo {dÚmWu ^r Cgr Ho$
g‘mZ ~Z OmVo h¢& EH$ ¶mo½¶ {ejH$ ~mbH$ Ho$ gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg na {ZíM¶
hr à^md S>mbVm h¡&
10. g‘yh ¶m Q>mobr
g‘yh ¶m Q>mobr Ho$ gXñ¶ H$o ê$n ‘| ~mbH$ BVZm ì¶dhma-Hw$eb hmo OmVm h¡
{H$ g‘mO ‘§o àdoím H$aZo Ho$ ~mX Cgo {H$gr àH$ma H$s H${R>ZmB© H$m AZw^d
Zht hmoVm h¡& habm°H$ Ho$ BZ eãXm| ‘|-
g‘yh Ho$ à^mdm| Ho$ H$maU ~mbH$ gm‘m{OH$ ì¶dhma H$m Eogm ‘hÎdnyU© à{ejU
àmá H$aZm h¡ O¡gm àm¡‹T>-g‘mO Ûmam {ZYm©[aV H$s JB© XemAm| ‘| CVZr g’$bVm go
àmá Zht {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡&
11. IobHy$X
~mbH$ Ho$ gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg na IobHy$X H$m {deof à^md n‹S>Vm h¡& Iobm| Ho$
‘mܶ‘ go CZ‘| gm‘m{OH$ JwUm| H$m {dH$mg hmoVm h¡, Omo CZHo$ OrdZ ^a H$m‘
AmVm h¡& pñH$Za Ed§ h¡[a‘Z Zo {bIm h¡ {H$-
Iob H$m ‘¡XmZ ~mbH$ H$m {Z‘m©U ñWb h¡ ¶hm± Cgo àXmZ {H$¶o OmZo dmbo gm‘m{OH$
Am¡a ¶m§{ÌH$ CnH$aU CgHo$ gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg H$mo {Z{íMV H$aZo ‘| ghm¶Vm XoVo h¢&
12. Aݶ H$maH$
~mbH$ Ho$ gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg H$mo Aݶ H$maH$ ^r à^m{dV H$aVo h¢& O¡go-
g§ñH¥${V, {gZo‘m, H¡$ån OrdZ, ao{S>¶mo, gm‘mMma-nÌ, gm{h˶, H$å߶yQ>a,
BÝQ>aZoQ>, Ym{‘©H$ g§ñWmE± Am{X Omo ~mbH$ Ho$ gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg ‘| ‘hÎdnyU©
^y{‘H$m AXm H$aVo h¢&
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
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n¥îR> 35
{d{^ÝZ AdñWmAm| Ho$ gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg Ed§ CZH$mo à^m{dV H$aZo dmbo
H$maH$m| H$m Aܶ¶Z H$aZo go kmV hmoVm h¡ {H$ EH$ ‘mZd OrdZ ‘| gm‘m{OH$
{dH$mg ~hþV ‘hÎdnyU© h¡, ³¶m|{H$ gm‘m{OH$ àmUr ~ZZo Ho$ {bE g‘mOrH$aU
H$s à{H«$¶m ~hþV Amdí¶H$ h¡& gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg H$m ~mbH$ Ho$ emar[aH$,
‘mZ{gH$ Am¡a g§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mg go K{ZîR> gå~ÝY hmoVm h¡& {ejU g§ñWmAm|
‘| ñdñW gm‘m{OH$ AÝV{H©«$¶m Ho$ Adga àXmZ H$aHo$ g‘mOrH$aU H$s à{H«$¶m
H$mo ‘O~yV ~Zm¶m OmVm h¡& gm‘m{OH$ dmVmdaU {ZaÝVa n[adV©Zerb ahVm
h¡, {OgHo$ AZwgma ì¶p³V H$mo ñd¶§ H$mo g‘m¶mo{OV H$aZm hmoVm h¡&
3.4.4 gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg H$s {deofVmE±
‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| Zo ~mbH$ Ho$ gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg H$s {ZåZ{b{IV {deofVmAm| H$mo
ñnîQ> {H$¶m h¡-
1. gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg Ho$ AZwê$n ~mbH$ ‘| g‘mO Ho$ {Z¶‘m| Ho$ AZwH$yb
ì¶dhma H$aZo H$s j‘Vm {dH${gV hmo OmVr h¡&
2. gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg go ~mbH$ ‘| g‘mO Ho$ bmoJm| Ed§ gm‘m{OH$
{H«$¶mAm| Ho$ à{V EH$ YZmË‘H$ ‘Zmod¥[Îm {dH${gV hmoVr h¡&
3. gm‘m[OH$ AnojmAm| Ho$ AZwê$n ì¶dhma H$aZo H$s ¶mo½¶Vm¶| ~mbH$
àmá H$a boVm h¡&
4. gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg Ho$ AZwê$n ~mbH$ g‘mO ‘| AZw‘mo{XV gm‘m{OH$
^y{‘H$m¶| H$aZm grIVm h¡&
3.4.5 gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg H$m e¡{jH$ ‘hÎd
1. ~mbH$-~m{bH$mAm| Ho$ gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg Ho$ {bE gm‘m{OH$ ÑpîQ>
go Amdí¶H$ Iob Am{X {IbmZo Mm{hE&
2. ~mbH$-~m{bH$mAm| H$mo EH$ gmW IobZo XoZm gm‘m{OH$ ÑpîQ> go
AZwHy$b h¡, {Oggo CZ‘| Amngr g‘P-~yP ~‹T>Vr h¡&
3. g‘w{MV gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg go ~mbH$ AmkmH$mar Ed§ AZwemgZ
{චhmoVo h¢&
4. ~mha Ky‘Zo O¡go {nH${ZH$, H¡$ån Am{X Ho$ ‘mܶ‘ go ^r ~mbH$m| H$m
gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg hmoVm h¡& e¡{jH$ n¶©Q>Z ^r gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg ‘|
Cn¶moJr h¡&
5. ~mbH$m| H$mo {dÚmb¶ Ho$ à˶oH$ H$m¶© ‘| {hñgm boZo Ho$ {bE ào[aV
H$aZo go ^r CZH$m gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg hmoVm h¡&
6. Eogo ~mbH$ gm‘m{OH$ g‘ñ¶mAm| Ho$ {ZamH$aU ‘| gh¶moJ H$aVo h¢&
3.5 g§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mg
~mbH$ Ho$ g§doJ CgHo$ g§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mg Am¡a ì¶dhma Ho$ AmYma h¢& ào‘, hf©
Am¡a CËgwH$Vm Ho$ g‘mZ A{^ZÝXZr¶ g§doJ CgHo$ emar[aH$, ‘mZ{gH$ Am¡a
gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg ‘| ¶moJ XoVo h¢, O~{H$ ^¶, H«$moY Am¡a B©î¶m© O¡go {ZÝXZr¶
g§doJ CgHo$ {dH$mg H$mo {dH¥$V Am¡a Hw$pÊR>V H$a gH$Vo h¢& JoQ²>g d Aݶ Zo
{bIm h¡ {H$-
~mbH$ H$m g§doJmË‘H$ ì¶dhma CgHo$ {dH$mg Ho$ Aݶ nhbwAm| Ho$ AZwê$n hmoVm h¡
Am¡a CZgo CZH$m AÝV: gå~ÝY hmoVm h¡&
 n¥îR> 36 d¥{Õ Ed§ {dH$mg Ho$ {d{^ÝZ Am¶m‘
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
3.5.1 g§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mg H$m AW©
~mbH$ Ho$ g§doJm| Ho$ {dH$mg H$mo g§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mg H$hVo h¢& ~mbH$ ‘| ‘yb
àd¥{Îm¶m| Ho$ ê$n ‘| H$moB© g§doJ {N>nm hmoVm h¡- O¡go nbm¶Z Ho$ nrN>o ^¶& O~
¶o g§doJ ~mbH$ Ho$ ì¶dhma Ho$ ñWm¶r AmYma ~Z OmVo h¢, Vmo BÝh| ñWm¶r ^md
H$hm OmVm h¡& O¡go-O¡go ~mbH$ H$m emar[aH$ Ed§ ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg hmoVm h¡,
CgHo$ g§doJm| ‘| ^r {dH$mg hmoVm h¡&
g§doJ, ì¶p³V H$mo {H$gr H$m¶© H$mo grIZo CgHo$ gm‘m{OH$, Z¡{VH$,
Mm[a{ÌH$ {dH$mg H$mo à^m{dV H$aVm h¡& g§doJ, dmñVd ‘| CnÐd H$s AdñWm
h¡& Bg‘| ì¶p³V gm‘mݶ Zht ahVm h¡& g§doJ H$s n[a^mfmE± Bg àH$ma h¢ -
1. am°g Ho$ AZwgma-
g§doJ MoVZm H$s dh AdñWm h¡ {Og‘| amJmË‘H$ VÎd H$s àYmZVm ahVr h¡&
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2. dobÊQ>mBZ Ho$ AZwgma-
O~ amJmË‘H$ àH¥${V H$m doJ ~‹T> OmVm h¡ V^r g§doJ H$s CËn[Îm hmoVr h¡&
3. dwS>dW© Ho$ AZwgma-
g§doJ, ì¶p³V H$s CÎmo{OV Xem h¡&
4. OaerëS> Ho$ AZwgma-
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{H$gr ^r àH$ma Ho$ AmXoe AmZo, ^‹S>H$ CR>Zo VWm CÎmo{OV hmo OmZo H$s AdñWm
H$mo g§doJ H$hVo h¢&
5. nr.Q>r. ¶§J Ho$ AZwgma-
g§doJ ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ H$maH$m| go CËnÞ gånyU© ì¶p³V Ho$ Vrd« CnÐd H$s AdñWm h¡,
{Og‘§o ì¶dhma, MoVZm, AZw^d Am¡a A^mamd¶d Ho$ H$m¶© g{ÝZ{hV ahVo h¢&
BZ n[a^mfmAm| go g§doJm| H$s {ZåZ{b{IV {deofVmAm| H$s A{^ì¶p³V
hmoVr h¡ -
1. g§doJ H$s AdñWm ‘o§ ì¶p³V gm‘mݶ Zht ahVm, CÎmo{OV hmoVm h¡&
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2. g§doJ ‘| AZw^y{V MoVZ hmoVr h¡ Am¡a emar[aH$ n[adV©Z hmoVo h¢&
3. g§doJ ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ n[apñW{V ¶m CÎmoOH$ Ho$ H$maU CËnÝZ hmoVo h¢&
AV: ñnîQ> h¡ {H$ g§doJ EH$ {deof ‘mZ{gH$ Xem h¡ {Og‘| ì¶p³V
H$s emar[aH$ d ‘mZ{gH$ Xem VWm ì¶dhma ‘| n[adV©Z hmoVm h¡& {d{^ÝZ
AdñWmAm| ‘| ~mbH$ H$m g§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mg Am¡a ì¶dhma, {ejH$ Ho$ {bE
{deof Aܶ¶Z H$m {df¶ h¡&
3.5.2 ~më¶mdñWm ‘| g§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mg
e¡edmdñWm Ho$ ~mX ~mbH$ ~më¶mdñWm ‘| àdoe H$aVm h¡& 6 df© H$s Am¶w go
{H$emoamdñWm Amaå^ hmoZo VH$ H$m g‘¶ ~më¶mdñWm H$hbmVm h¡& g§doJmË‘H$
{dH$mg H$s ÑpîQ> go ~më¶mdñWm EH$ AZmoIr AdñWm h¡& ~më¶mdñWm ‘| g§doJm|
H$s A{^ì¶p³V ‘| gm‘m{OH$Vm H$m ^md AmZo bJVm h¡ VWm ~mbH$ g§doJm| H$s
A{^ì¶p³V na {Z¶ÝÌU H$aZo bJVm h¡& Bg AdñWm ‘| g§doJm| ‘| pñWaVm
AmZr ewê$ hmo OmVr h¡ d CJ«Vm H$‘ hmoZo bJVr h¡& e¡edmdñWm ‘| CËnÝZ
g§doJm| H$mo ~mbH$ Bg AdñWm ‘| {Z¶{ÝÌV T>§J ‘| A{^춳V H$aZm grI OmVo
h¢& Bg AdñWm Ho$ g§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mg H$s {deofVmE± AJ«{b{IV h¢-
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
àJʶ
1. g§doJm| H$s CJ«Vm ‘| H$‘r
~më¶mdñWm ‘| g§doJm| H$s CJ«Vm ‘| H$‘r AmZo bJVr h¡, ³¶m|{H$ A~ g‘mOrH$aU
H$s à{H«$¶m ewê$ hmo OmZo Ho$ H$maU ~mbH$ Adm§N>Zr¶ g§doJm| H$mo Xÿgao Ho$ gm‘Zo
àH$Q> Zht hmoZo XoVm h¡ VWm Cg‘| CZ g§doJm| Ho$ X‘Z H$s j‘Vm CËnÝZ hmoZo
bJVr h¡&
2. {Okmgm H$s à~bVm
~më¶mdñWm ‘| ~mbH$-~m{bH$mAm| ‘| {Okmgm àd¥[Îm A˶ÝV à~b hmoVr h¡&
Bgr à~b {Okmgm Ho$ H$maU hr ~mbH$ {OZ-{OZ dñVwAm| Ho$ gånH©$ ‘| AmVm
h¡, CZHo$ gå~ÝY ‘| ³¶m| VWm H¡$go go gå~pÝYV àíZ nyN>H$a CZH$s H$m¶©
àUmbr H$m kmZ àmá H$aZm MmhVm h¡&
3. B©î¶m© H$s ^mdZm
~më¶mdñWm ‘| ~mbH$/~m{bH$mAm| ‘| B©î¶m© H$s ^mdZm {dH${gV hmo OmVr h¡
VWm do {H$gr Z {H$gr H$maU go AnZo ^mB©-~hZm| ¶m gm{W¶m| H$mo {M‹T>mVo h¢,
PyR>o Amamon bJmVo h¢, {ZÝXm H$aZo bJVo h¢ VWm A³ga CZ na 춧½¶ H$gVo
XoIo OmVo h¢& àm¶… ~mbH$ AnZm H$moB© A{YH$ma N>rZ {b¶o OmZo na Xÿgao
~mbH$ go B©î¶m© H$aVo h¢, {OgH$m CZHo$ g§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mg na ^r AÀN>m
à^md Zht n‹S>Vm h¡&
4. H«$moY H$s A{YH$Vm
~më¶mdñWm ‘| H«$moY H$m g§doJ ^r à~b hmo OmVm h¡, {OgH$m ‘w»¶ H$maU
hVmem h¡& BÀN>m ny{V© ‘| ~mYm n‹S>Zo na AWdm H$m¶m] H$s AZmdí¶H$ AmbmoMZm
H$aZo na ~mbH$ H$mo H«$moY Am OmVm h¡, {OZH$s A{^ì¶p³V dh ‘m¡Z ahH$a,
CXmg hmoH$a AWdm ^mB©-~hZ ¶m gm{W¶m| go PJ‹S>m H$aHo$ d dñVwAm| H$mo
CR>m-nQ>H$ H$aHo$ H$aVm h¡&
5. {Zamem
~më¶mdñWm ‘| ~mbH$ ‘| {Zamem H$s ^mdZm ^r AmZo bJVr h¡& n[adma, g‘mO
VWm {dÚmb¶ Ho$ Ûmam ~Zm¶o J¶o AZwemgZ gå~ÝYr {Z¶‘ O~ ~mbH$m| H$s
BÀN>mny{V© ‘| ~mYH$ hmoVo h¢, Vmo BÀN>mAm| Ho$ nyar Z hmoZo Ho$ H$maU ^r ~mbH$m|
‘| {Zamem H$s ^mdZm CËnÝZ hmoVr h¡&
6. ^¶
~më¶mdñWm ‘| ^r ~mbH$ ‘| ^¶ H$m g§doJ OmJ«V hmoVm h¡ Omo e¡edmdñWm Ho$
^¶ go Hw$N> {^ÝZ hmoVm h¡& Bg AdñWm ‘| ^¶ H$m gå~ÝY àm¶… ^mdr H$m¶m]
go hmoVm h¡ O¡go narjm ‘| AÀN>o A§H$ Z àmá H$aZo H$m ^¶, J¥hH$m¶© Z H$aZo na
ñHy$b ‘| XÊS> {‘bZo H$m ^¶ VWm H$jm ‘| àíZ H$m CÎma Z XoZo na AܶmnH$
Ûmam {nQ>mB© H$m ^¶ Am{X&
7. Cëbmg H$s A{YH$Vm
~më¶mdñWm ‘o| ~mbH$/~m{bH$mAm| Ho$ g§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mg ‘| Cëbmg H$s
A{YH$Vm hmo OmVr h¡& do AÀN>o H$n‹S>o, AÀN>m ImZm, IobZo H$s Ny>Q>, Ñí¶
ñWb Ho$ à‘mU Am{X Ho$ Adga {‘bZo na A{YH$ Cëbm{gV hmoVo h¢& Bg‘|
CZH$m g§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mg g‘w{MV ê$n go hmoVm h¡& Bgr àH$ma AÀN>o àmám§H$,
ê${MH$a ImÚ nXmWm] AWdm dm§{N>V Iob gm‘J«r H$mo XoIH$a ^r ~mbH$
à’w$pëbV hmoVm h¡&
 àJʶ d¥{Õ Ed§ {dH$mg Ho$ {d{^ÝZ Am¶m‘
8. ñZoh H$s A{^ì¶p³V
~më¶mdñWm ‘| AmVo-AmVo ~mbH$ AnZr ñZoh ^mdZm H$s A{^ì¶p³V CZ
ì¶p³V¶m| AWdm dñVwAm| Ho$ à{V H$aVm h¡ {OZHo$ gmW dh ahZm MmhVm h¡ ¶m
{OZH$s dh ghm¶Vm H$aZm MmhVm h¡& {OZ ì¶p³V¶m| ¶m dñVwAm| Ho$ gånH©$
‘| Cgo gwI {‘bVm h¡, CZHo$ à{V dh AnZo ñZoh H$s A{^ì¶p³V H$aVm h¡&
3.5.3 g§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mg H$mo à^m{dV H$aZo dmbo H$maH$
habm°H$ Ho$ eãXm| ‘|-
à˶oH$ ~mbH$ ‘| g§doJerbVm H$s Xem CgHo$ ñdmñ϶, {XZ Ho$ g‘¶ Am¡a
dmVmdaU-gå~ÝYr à^mdm| O¡go H$maH$m| na {Z^©a ahZo Ho$ H$maU g‘¶-g‘¶ na
n[ad{V©V hmoVr ahVr h¡&
H$maH$m| na {Z¶ÝÌU ñWm{nV H$aHo$ hr ~mbH$ H$s g§doJerbVm H$mo de
‘| aIm Om gH$Vm h¡ Am¡a Bg àH$ma CgHo$ g§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mg H$mo {ZX}{eV
{H$¶m OmVm h¡& g§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mg H$mo à^m{dV H$aZo dmbo H$maH$m| H$m g§{já
{ddaU {ZåZ àH$ma h¡-
1. d§emZwH«$‘
ì¶p³V d§emZwH«$‘ Ho$ ê$n ‘| AnZo ‘mVm-{nVm VWm Aݶ nyd©Om| go AZoH$
emar[aH$ d ‘mZ{gH$ JwU d ¶mo½¶VmE± àmá H$aVm h¡, {Oggo CZH$m g§doJmË‘H$
{dH$mg à^m{dV hmoVm h¡&
2. n[adma
habm°H$ Ho$ {dMma go ~mbH$ H$m n[adma CgHo$ g§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mg H$mo VrZ
àH$ma go à^m{dV H$aVm h¡; nhbm ¶{X n[adma Ho$ gXñ¶ A˶{YH$ g§doJmË‘H$
hmoVo h¢, Vmo ~mbH$ ^r Cgr àH$ma H$m hmo OmVm h¡& Xÿgam, ¶{X n[adma ‘|
empÝV, gwajm Am¡a AmZÝX Ho$ H$maU CÎmoOZm CËnÝZ Zhr§ hmoVr h¡, Vmo ~mbH$
Ho$ g§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mg H$m ê$n gÝVw{bV hmoVm h¡& Vrgam, ¶{X n[adma ‘§o
b‹S>mB©-PJ‹So$ hmoZm, {‘bZo-OwbZo dmbm| H$m ~hþV AmZm Am¡a ‘Zmoa§OZ H$m
H$m¶©H«$‘ ~ZVo ahZm gmYmaU KQ>ZmE± h¢, Vmo ~mbH$ Ho$ g§doJm| ‘§o CÎmoOZm
CËnÝZ hmo OmVr h¡&
3. ñdmñ϶
ì¶p³V Ho$ emar[aH$ ñdmñ϶ H$m CgHo$ g§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mg na Jham à^md
n‹S>Vm h¡& emar[aH$ VWm ‘mZ{gH$ ê$n go AñdñW ~mbH$m| H$s VwbZm ‘|
emar[aH$ VWm ‘mZ{gH$ ê$n go ñdñW ~mbH$m| ‘| g§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mg A{YH$
gÝVmofOZH$ VWm ñdñW ê$n ‘| hmoVm h¡& CZHo$ g§doJm§o ‘| A{YH$ pñWaVm,
{ZpíMVVm VWm ñnîQ>Vm hmoVr h¡& ñdñW ~mbH$m| ‘| YZmË‘H$ g§doJ O¡go-Iwer,
gÝVmof, ào‘, ñZoh Am{X g§doJ A{YH$ hmoVo h¢, O~{H$ AñdñW ~mbH$m| ‘|
G$UmË‘H$ g§doJ O¡go-B©î¶m©, Ûof, Xþ…I, AgÝVmof, {M‹S>{M‹S>mnZ, H«$moY Am{X
g§doJ A{YH$ hmoVo h¢&
4. ~m¡{ÕH$ ¶mo½¶Vm
habm°H$ Ho$ AZwgma ‘mZ{gH$ ê$n go {nN>‹S>o VWm ‘ÝX~w{Õ ~mbH$m| H$s VwbZm
‘| AH$mb àm¡‹T> ~mbH$ ‘| ^¶ A{YH$ nm¶m OmVm h¡& BgHo$ A{V[a³V g‘¶
go nyd© n[an³d ~mbH$ AnZr hr Am¶w Ho$ Aݶ ~mbH$m| H$s Anojm A{YH$
S>aVo h¢ ³¶m|{H$ do gå^m{dV IVam| go A{YH$ gmdYmZ hmoVo h¢& {OZ ~mbH$m|
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
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H$s ~w{Õ gm‘mݶ ñVa go H$‘ hmoVr h¡, CZ‘| g§doJmË‘H$ ApñWaVm H$‘ nm¶r
OmVr h¡, O~{H$ Omo ~mbH$ Hw$emJ« ~w{Õ Ho$ hmoVo h¢, CZ‘| g§doJmË‘H$ ApñWaVm
A{YH$ nm¶r OmVr h¡&
5. n[adma H$m gm‘m{OH$ Ed§ Am[W©H$ ñVa
{H$gr n[adma H$m gm‘m{OH$-Am{W©H$ ñVa ^r {H$gr n[adma Ho$ ~mbH$ Ho$
g§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mg H$mo ‘hÎdnyU© ê$n go à^m{dV H$aVm h¡& CÀM gm‘m{OH$-
Am{W©H$ ñVa Ho$ ~mbH$ ‘| loîR>Vm H$s ^mdZm VWm BgHo$ {dnarV {ZåZ
gm‘m{OH$ Am{W©H$ ñVa Ho$ n[adma H$o ~mbH$ ‘| hrZVm H$s ^mdZm ^a OmVr
h¡ Ed§ {ZåZ dJ© Ho$ g^r Am¶w Ho$ ~mbH$m| ‘| ‘ܶ‘ VWm CÀM dJ© Ho$ ~mbH$m|
H$s Anojm ^¶ H$s ^mdZm A{YH$ nm¶r OmVr h¡ Ed§ ~mbH$ qhgm go A{YH$
^¶^rV hmoVo h¢, O~{H$ qhgm H$s ^mdZm ‘ܶ‘ VWm CÀM dJ© Ho$ ~mbH$ H$mo
H$‘ à^m{dV H$aVr h¡&
6. ‘mVm-{nVm ¶m A{^^mdH$m| H$m ì¶dhma
~mbH$m| Ho$ g§doJmË‘H$ ì¶dhma H$mo CZHo$ ‘mVm-{nVm AWdm A{^^mdH$m| H$m
CZHo$ gmW hmoZo dmbm ì¶dhma H$m’$s hX VH$ à^m{dV H$aVm h¡& CÎm‘ Ed§
AmXe© ì¶dhma CZHo$ g§doJm| na AZwHy$b VWm Iam~ ì¶dhma à{VHy$b à^md
S>mbVm h¡& àm¶… XoIm J¶m h¡ {H$ Omo ‘mVm-{nVm AnZo ~ÀMm| H$s Cnojm
H$aVo h¢ CZHo$ ~mbH$ gÝVwbZ Imo ~¡R>Vo h¢ VWm ào‘ Ho$ A^md ‘| Eogo ~mbH$
N>moQ>r-N>moQ>r ~mVm| go H«$mo{YV ¶m ^¶^rV hmo OmVo h¢& Bgr àH$ma Amdí¶H$Vm
go A{YH$ bm‹S>-߶ma ^r ~mbH$m| ‘| g§doJmË‘H$ ApñWaVm CËnÝZ H$aVm h¡&
7. gm‘m{OH$ ñdrH¥${V
ì¶p³V Ho$ Ûmam {H$¶o J¶o H$m¶m] Ho$ ’$bñdê$n àmá gm‘m{OH$ ñdrH¥${V ^r
CgHo$ g§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mg H$mo à^m{dV H$aVr h¡& ì¶{³V AnZo H$m¶m] H$s Xÿgam|
Ho$ Ûmam àe§gm MmhVm h¡& O~ CgH$s A{^bmfm nyU© Zht hmoVr h¡ V~ Cg‘|
g§doJmË‘H$ VZmd CËnÝZ hmo OmVm h¡& dmñVd ‘| ¶{X ì¶{³V H$mo AnZo H$m¶m]
H$s gm‘m{OH$ ñdrH¥${V Zht {‘bVr h¡, Vmo CgH$m g§doJmË‘H$ ì¶dhma ¶m Vmo
{e{Wb hmo OmVm h¡ AWdm CJ« hmo OmVm h¡&
8. A{^bmfm
‘mVm-{nVm H$mo AnZo ~mbH$ go ~‹S>r-~‹S>r AmemE± hmoVr h¡& ñd¶§ ~mbH$ ‘§o
H$moB© Z H$moB© A{^bmfm hmoVr h¡& ¶{X CgH$s A{^bmfm nyU© Zht hmoVr h¡, Vmo
dh {Zamem Ho$ gmJa ‘| Sw>~{H$¶m± bJmZo bJVm h¡& gmW hr, Cgo AnZo ‘mVm-
{nVm H$s H$Qw> AmbmoMZm gwZZr n‹S>Vr h¡& Eogr pñW{V ‘| Cg‘| H$moB© ^r ~mV Omo
~mbH$ Ho$ AmË‘-{dídmg H$mo H$‘ H$aVr h¡, ¶m CgHo$ AmË‘-gå‘mZ H$mo R>og
nhþ±MmVr h¡ ¶m CgHo$ H$m¶© ‘| ~mYm CnpñWV H$aVr h¡ ¶m CgHo$ Ûmam ‘hÎdnyU©
g‘Po OmZo dmbo bú¶m| H$s àm{á ‘| AdamoY CËnÝZ H$aVr h¡, CgH$s {MpÝVV
Am¡a ^¶^rV ahZo H$s àd¥[Îm ‘| d¥{Õ H$a gH$Vr h¡&
9. ~mbH$ H$m OÝ‘H«$‘
~mbH$ H$m OÝ‘H«$‘ ^r CgHo$ g§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mg H$mo ‘hÎdnyU© T>§J go à^m{dV
H$aVm h¡& nhbm ~mbH$ ~mX Ho$ ~mbH$m| H$s VwbZm ‘| A{YH$ ^¶ H$s ^mdZm
aIVm h¡, ³¶m|{H$ nhbm ~mbH$ ‘mVm-{nVm Ho$ A{Vg§ajU H$s A{^d¥[Îm Ho$
AYrZ hmoVm h¡&
 n¥îR> 38 d¥{Õ Ed§ {dH$mg Ho$ {d{^ÝZ Am¶m‘
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
10. {dÚmb¶
{dÚmb¶ H$m ^r ~ÀMm| Ho$ g§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mg na ñnîQ> à^md XoIm Om gH$Vm
h¡& ~mbH$ {d{dY {H«$¶mAm| Ho$ ‘mܶ‘ go AnZo g§dJm| H$s A{^ì¶p³V H$aVm
h¡& {dÚmb¶ H$m dmVmdaU, nmR²>¶H«$‘, H$m¶©H«$‘, {ejH$ g‘yh Am{X ~mbH$m| Ho$
g§doJm| Ho$ AZwHy$b hmoVo h¢, Vmo CÝho§ AmZÝX H$s àm{á hmoVr h¡ VWm CZH$m ñdñW
g§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mg hmoVm h¡& BgHo$ {dnarV {dÚmb¶r dmVmdaU go Vmb‘ob Z
hmoZo na, narjm ‘| Ag’$b hmo OmZo na, AܶmnH$m| Ho$ A˶{YH$ ewîH$ ì¶dhma
Am{X Ho$ H$maU ~mbH$mo§ ‘| Adm§{N>V g§doJ O¡go ^¶, H«$moY, {M‹S>{M‹S>mhQ> ¶m
K¥Um Am{X CËnÝZ hmo OmVo h¢&
11. WH$mZ
WH$mZ go ì¶p³V H$m g§doJmË‘H$ ì¶dhma H$m’$s hX VH$ à^m{dV hmoVm h¡& WHo$
hþ¶o ì¶{³V ‘| H«$moY, ZmamOJr ¶m {M‹S>{M‹S>mnZ O¡go G$UmË‘H$ ¶m Adm§N>Zr¶
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g§doJ àX{e©V H$aZo H$s àd¥[Îm A{YH$ nm¶r OmVr h¡&
12. {ejH$
{ejH$ ^r ~mbH$ Ho$ g§doJmË‘H$ ì¶dhma H$mo à^m{dV H$aVm h¡& {ejH$
AnZo {ejU Ho$ g‘¶ H$B© àH$ma H$s H$WmAm|, AmË‘H$WmAm| Am¡a Ord{Z¶m|
Ho$ àoaH$ àg§J, ÑîQ>mÝV Ed§ CXmhaU àñVwV H$aHo$ CZ‘| CXmÎm M[aÌ Ed§
AmXe© ì¶p³VËd H$m AZwgaU H$aZo H$s BÀN>m n¡Xm H$aVm h¡, {Oggo N>mÌm| ‘|
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gmh{gH$Vm, ghZerbVm, em{ÝV{à¶Vm O¡go AÀN>o JwU {dH${gV H$aZo ‘| ‘XX
{‘bVr h¡ VWm ~mbH$ H$m gÝVw{bV g§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mg hmoVm h¡&
13. Aݶ H$maH$
~mbH$ Ho$ g§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mg na Adm§N>Zr¶ à^md S>mbZo dmbo Hw$N> Aݶ
‘hÎdnyU© H$maH$ h¢- A˶{YH$ H$m¶©, H$m¶© ‘| AZmdí¶H$ ~mYm Am¡a
An‘mZOZH$ ì¶dhma&
Cn¶w©³V {ddoMZ go ñnîQ> hmoVm h¡ {H$ g§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mg H$mo {d{^ÝZ
H$maH$ à^m{dV H$aVo h¢, {Oggo ~mbH$ Ho$ g§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mg ‘| {e{WbVm
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AWdm CJ«Vm AmVr h¡ VWm ~mbH$ H$m gÝVw{bV {dH$mg gå^d hmoVm h¡&
g§doJm| H$m ~mbH$ Ho$ OrdZ ‘| A{V ‘hÎdnyU© ñWmZ h¡& loîR> g§doJm|
na AmYm[aV ì¶dhma, ~mbH$ Ho$ ñdmñ϶ H$mo g‘wÝZV, ‘mZ{gH$ ÑpîQ>H$moU
H$mo CXma, H$m¶© H$aZo H$s BÀN>m H$mo ~bdVr Am¡a gm‘m{OH$ gå~ÝYm| H$mo ‘Ywa
~ZmVo h¢& BgHo$ {dnarV, jwÐ g§doJm| na Am{lV ì¶dhma, ~mbH$ Ho$ emar[aH$,
‘mZ{gH$ Am¡a gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg na j{VàX à^md S>mbH$a CgH$mo {dH¥$V
H$a XoVo h¢& AV… {ejH$m| Am¡a A{^^mdH$m§o H$mo ~mbH$m| Am¡a ~m{bH$mAm| Ho$
g§doJmË‘H$ ì¶dhmam§o Ho$ H$maUm| H$m Aܶ¶Z H$aHo$ CZH$m C{MV nWàXe©Z
H$aZm Mm{hE, Vm{H$ CZH$m {dH$mg ew^ {Xem H$s Amoa AJ«ga hmoH$a, CZ‘|
g§doJmË‘H$ n[an³dVm CËnÝZ H$a| Am¡a Bg àH$ma CZHo$ OrdZ H$mo gwIr,
g’$b Am¡a g‘¥Õ ~ZmE& Wm°ångZ H$m ¶h nam‘e© dmñVd ‘| A{^ZÝXZr¶ h¡-
Omo d¶ñH$ ñd¶§ Hw$N> gr‘m VH$ {ddoH$nyU© ah gH$Vo h¢, CÝh| ~mbH$m| Am¡a
~m{bH$mAm| Ho$ ì¶dhma Ho$ à{V‘mZm| Am¡a ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ {dH$mg H$mo à^m{dV H$aZo Ho$
{bE A{YH$ CÎm‘ Adga gwb^ ahVo h¢&
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
àJʶ
3.5.4 g§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mg H$s {deofVmE±
g§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mg H$s à‘wI {deofVmE± {ZåZ{b{IV h¡-
1. g§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mg CÎmamoÎma hmoVm h¡&
2. g§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mg H$m H«$‘ gab go O{Q>b H$s Amoa hmoVm h¡&
3. OrdZ ‘| AZw^d H$s d¥{Õ Ho$ gmW-gmW g§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mg ‘|
n[an³dVm AmVr h¡&
4. g§doJm| na {Z¶ÝÌU, C{MV àH$Q>rH$aU Ed§ CZHo$ emoYZ go
g§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mg g‘w{MV T>§J go hmoVm h¡&
5. g§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mg ‘mZd-ì¶dhmam| go gå~{ÝYV hmoVm h¡&
3.5.5 g§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mg H$m e¡{jH$ ‘hÎd
~mbH$ Ho$ g§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mg Ho$ e¡{jH$ ‘hÎd H$mo h‘ {ZåZ {~ÝXþAm| Ûmam
g‘P gH$Vo h¢-
1. g‘w{MV gm§do{JH$ {dH$mg dmbo ~mbH$ {ejU A{YJ‘ ‘| {deof
ê${M aIVo h¢&
2. C{MV gm§do{JH$ {dH$mg dmbo ~mbH$m| ‘| {ejm Ho$ Ûmam CÎm‘ AmMaU
Ed§ loîR> AmXem] H$m {Z‘m©U hmoVm h¡&
3. g§doJmË‘H$ ê$n go {dH${gV ~mbH$m| H$m g‘w{MV {dH$mg hmoVm h¡
Am¡a do Aܶ¶Z hoVw ào[aV hmoVo h¢&
4. g§doJmË‘H$ ê$n go {dH${gV ~mbH$m| H$s e¡{jH$ CnbpãY A{YH$
nm¶r OmVr h¡&
5. g§doJmË‘H$ ê$n go {dH${gV ~mbH$m| ‘| {ZînmXZ j‘Vm A{YH$
hmoVr h¡&
‘mZd OrdZ ‘| g§doJm| H$m A˶ÝV ‘hÎdnyU© ñWmZ h¡& ì¶p³V Ho$
ì¶dhma H$m gå~ÝY g§doJm| go hmoVm h¡ VWm {ejm H$m gå~ÝY ì¶dhma Ho$
n[aemoYZ go hmoVm h¡& Bg{bE ~mbH$m| Ho$ g§doJmË‘H$ ì¶dhma H$m e¡{jH$ ÑpîQ>
go A˶ÝV ‘hÎd h¡& ‘mVm-{nVm VWm AܶmnH$m| H$mo ~mbH$m| Ho$ g§doJm| Ho$
à{ejU na ܶmZ XoZm Mm{hE VWm {ejm Ho$ Ûmam Adm§{N>V g§doJm| H$mo {Z¶§{ÌV
VWm dm§{N>V g§doJm| H$mo àmoËgm{hV H$aZo H$m à¶mg H$aZm Mm{hE& ~mbH$m| Ho$
dmVmdaU H$mo Bg àH$ma go {Z¶§{ÌV H$aZm Mm{hE {H$ EH$ Amoa Ohm± CZ‘|
Adm§{N>V g§doJm| H$m CX¶ Z hmo gHo$, dht Xÿgar Amoa CZ‘| dm§{N>V g§doJm| H$m
g§Mma ^r hmo gHo$& BgHo$ {bE emoYZ, Aܶdgm¶ VWm aoMZ Ho$ Ûmam g§doJm| H$mo
{Z¶{ÝÌV {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡& emoYZ ‘| Adm§{N>V g§doJm| H$mo n[a‘m{O©V H$aHo$
CÝh| AÀN>r {Xem ‘| ‘mo‹S>Zo H$m à¶mg {H$¶m OmVm h¡, O¡go- H«$moY H$s d¥[Îm
H$mo eÌwAm| H$s Amoa ¶m H$m‘ àd¥[Îm H$mo gm{h˶ H$s Amoa ‘mo‹S>Zm& Aܶdgm¶
‘| bJo ahH$a ^r g§doJm| H$mo n[a‘m{O©V H$aHo$ CÝh| AÀN>r {Xem ‘| ‘mo‹S>Zo H$m
à¶mg {H$¶m OmVm h¡& aoMZ H$m VmËn¶© h¡ {H$ g§doJm| H$mo AmZo go amoH$m Z
Om¶o daZ² g§doJm| H$mo A{^춳V H$aZo Ho$ {bE n¶m©á Adga {X¶m Om¶o& AV…
{ejH$ hmoZo Ho$ ZmVo h‘ AܶmnH$m| H$m ¶h H$Îm©ì¶ hmo OmVm h¡ {H$ ~mbH$m|
Ho$ g§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mg ‘| ¶Wmgå^d gh¶moJ X| VWm nmR²>¶ghJm‘r {H«$¶mAm|,
O¡go-ZmQ>H$, Iob, ñH$mCqQ>J, ^«‘U Am{X Ho$ ‘mܶ‘ go ^r N>mÌmo H$m C{MV
T>§J go g§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mg H$a gHo$&
 àJʶ d¥{Õ Ed§ {dH$mg Ho$ {d{^ÝZ Am¶m‘
3.5.6 ~mbH$ Ho$ g§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mg ‘| AܶmnH$ H$s ^y{‘H$m
g§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mg H$mo à^m{dV H$aZo dmbo H$maH$m| H$s MMm© h‘ nhbo H$a
MwHo$ h¢& AJa BZ H$maH$m| H$m ^br-^m±{V ܶmZ aIm OmE Vmo AܶmnH$ dJ©
~mbH$m| Ho$ gÝVw{bV g§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mg ‘| AnZr ^y{‘H$m AÀN>r Vah {Z^m
gH$Vm h¡& AܶmnH$m| Ûmam AnZm CÎmaXm{¶Ëd H¡$go {Z^m¶m OmE, BgH$s MMm©
{ZåZ{b{IV ê$n ‘| H$s Om ahr h¡-
1. g§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mg Ho$ {bE O¡gm {H$ nhbo H$hm Om MwH$m h¡, ñdmñ϶
Am¡a emar[aH$ {dH$mg na nyam-nyam ܶmZ XoZo H$s Amdí¶H$Vm h¡&
ñdñW Am¡a {ZamoJ H¡$go ahm OmE, Bg ~mV H$m ~ÀMm| H$mo ^br-
^m±{V kmZ H$am¶m OmZm Mm{hE& ‘mVm-{nVm Am¡a amÁ¶m{YH$m[a¶m|
Ho$ gh¶moJ go ~ÀMm| Ho$ gÝVw{bV Amhma Am¡a ImZ-nmZ H$s C{MV
ì¶dñWm H$s OmZr Mm{hE& AܶmnH$m| H$mo A{^^mdH$m| Ho$ gmW
gånH©$ ñWm{nV H$a CÝh| CZHo$ ~ÀMm| H$s emar[aH$ H$‘Omo[a¶m|,
ݶyZVmAm|, ~r‘m[a¶m| Am{X go AdJV H$amZm Mm{hE VWm CZHo$
{ZamH$aU Ho$ {bE Ka, {dÚmb¶ Am¡a {M{H$Ëgmb¶m| Ûmam C{MV
à~ÝY H$s ì¶dñWm hmoZr Mm{hE&
2. ~ÀMm| Ho$ g§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mg na nm[adm[aH$ dmVmdaU ^r ~hþV à^md
S>mbVm h¡& AV… AܶmnH$m| H$mo CÝh| AZwHy$b nm[adm[aH$ dmVmdaU
àXmZ H$amZo H$m nyam-nyam à¶mg H$aZm Mm{hE& ~ÀMm| Ho$ A{YH$
{ZH$Q> AmH$a AܶmnH$m| H$mo CZHo$ g§doJmË‘H$ ì¶dhma H$mo ܶmZ ‘|
aIVo hþE CZHo$ ‘mVm-{nVm VWm A{^^mdH$ dJ© H$mo CZHo$ ~ÀMm|
Ho$ H$ë¶mU Ho$ {bE C{MV nam‘e© XoZo H$m à¶ËZ H$aZm Mm{hE VWm
AnZo ñd¶§ Ho$ ì¶dhma Ho$ Ûmam ^r CÝh| g§doJmË‘H$ gÝVwbZ ~ZmZo
‘| nyar ghm¶Vm XoZr Mm{hE&
3. {dÚmb¶ Ho$ n[adoe Am¡a {H«$¶mH$bmnm| H$mo C{MV àH$ma go g§J{R>V
H$a AܶmnH$ ~ÀMm| Ho$ g§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mg ‘| ^anya ¶moJXmZ Xo
gH$Vo h¢& BgHo$ {bE Cgo {ZåZ ~mVm| H$mo ܶmZ ‘| aIZm Mm{hE…-
4. ~ÀMm| H$s g§doJmË‘H$ ep³V¶m| Ho$ C{MV àH$meZ Am¡a A{^ì¶p³V
Ho$ {bE CÝho§ nmR>mÝVa {H«$¶mAm| VWm amoMH$ {H«$¶mAm| Ho$ ‘mܶ‘ go
C{MV Adga àXmZ {H$¶o OmZo Mm{hE&
5. nmR²>¶H«$‘ Am¡a Aܶ¶Z {d{Y¶m± ¶WoîQ> ê$n ‘| n[adV©Zerb,
àJ{Verb Am¡a ~mb Ho$pÝÐV hmoZr Mm{hE&
6. ~mbH$m| H$mo AnZo AܶmnH$m| go n¶m©á ñZoh Am¡a gh¶moJ {‘bZm
Mm{hE& à˶oH$ AdñWm ‘| ~mbH$m| Ho$ ñdm{^‘mZ H$m ܶmZ aIm
OmZm Mm{hE VWm ^yb H$a ^r CZH$m An‘mZ Ed§ Adkm Zht H$s
OmZr Mm{hE, Ohm± VH$ hmo gHo$ AܶmnH$m| H$mo ~ÀMo H$s g^r àH$ma
H$s g§doJmË‘H$ Amdí¶H$VmAm| H$s ny{V© Ho$ {bE nyam-nyam à¶ËZ
H$aZm Mm{hE&
7. ~mbH$m| Ho$ g§doJm| H$mo g§¶{‘V$ Ed§ à{e{jV H$aZo Ho$ {bE AܶmnH$
Ûmam Cn¶w³V {d{Y¶m| H$m à¶moJ {H$¶m OmZm Mm{hE& O¡go ^r hmo
~ÀMo Ho$ g§doJmË‘H$ VZmd H$mo g‘má H$aZo H$s MoîQ>m H$s OmZr Mm{hE
VWm CgHo$ AÝXa {H$gr ^r àH$ma H$s AZmdí¶H$ ‘mZ{gH$ J«pÝW¶m|
Am¡a {dH$mam| H$mo nZnZo H$m Adga Zht {X¶m OmZm Mm{hE&
8. Ym{‘©H$ Am¡a Z¡{VH$ {ejm H$mo {dÚmb¶ H$m¶©H«$‘ ‘| ‘hÎdnyU© ñWmZ
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
n¥îR> 39
{X¶m OmZm Mm{hE& Ohm± VH$ hmo gHo$ gmXm OrdZ CÀM {dMma H$mo
~ÀMm| Ho$ OrdZ H$m EH$ ‘yb-‘ÝÌ ~Zm¶m OmZm Mm{hE&
9. AܶmnH$ ~ÀMm| Ho$ {bE AmXe© hmoVo h¢& do CZHo$ ha AmMaU H$m
AZwH$aU H$aZo H$m à¶ËZ H$aVo h¢& AV… AܶmnH$ H$mo ñd¶§ AnZm
CXmhaU àñVwV H$a ~mbH$m| H$mo g§doJmË‘H$ ê$n go A{YH$ gÝVw{bV
Am¡a g§¶{‘V ~ZmZo H$m à¶ËZ H$aZm Mm{hE&
10. ~ÀMm| Ho$ gÝVw{bV gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg H$s Amoa ^r nyam-nyam ܶmZ
{X¶m OmZm Mm{hE& CÝh| AnZr {‘Ì-‘ÊS>br, d¶-g‘yh VWm
gm‘m{OH$ n[adoe ‘| C{MV ñWmZ {‘bZm Mm{hE&
11. AܶmnH$m| Ûmam ~mbH$m| H$m g§doJmË‘H$ ì¶dhma gm‘mݶ h¡ ¶m
Agm‘mݶ h¡, Bg ~mV H$m AÀN>r Vah go Aܶ¶Z {H$¶m OmZm
Mm{hE& AJa CÝh| Cg‘| Hw$N> Agm‘mݶVm H$m Am^mg hmo Vmo g‘¶
go nhbo ¶mo½¶ ì¶p³V¶m| H$s ghm¶Vm bo H$a CgHo$ {ZamH$aU Am¡a
amoH$Wm‘ Ho$ {bE nyam à¶ËZ H$aZm Mm{hE&
12. grIZo H$s à{H«$¶m ‘| g§doJm| H$s aMZmË‘H$ ^y{‘H$m H$s Amoa ^r
AܶmnH$ H$m ܶmZ ahZm Amdí¶H$ h¡& gÝVw{bV Am¡a g§¶{‘V
g§doJmË‘H$ ì¶dhma Am¡a ^mdZmE± Z Ho$db emar[aH$ {dH$mg Ho$ {bE
EH$ A‘yë¶ Q>mo{ZH$ H$m H$m¶© H$aVr h¡, ~pëH$ kmZ Am¡a H$m¡eb
A{O©V H$aZo Ho$ {bE ^r C{MV dmVmdaU H$m {Z‘m©U H$aVr h¡& AV…
AܶmnH$m| H$mo {dÚm{W©¶m| H$mo {ejm J«hU H$amZo ‘| g§doJmË‘H$ ê$n
go g{H«$¶ gmPoXma ~ZmZo H$m à¶ËZ H$aZm Mm{hE&
3.6 ^mfm¶r {dH$mg
^mfm EH$ Eogm ‘mܶ‘ h¡, {OgHo$ Ûmam H$moB© ^r ì¶p³V AnZo {dMmam| H$m
AmXmZ-àXmZ H$a gH$Vm h¡& ‘Zwî¶ gm‘m{OH$ àmUr h¡ Bg ZmVo Cgo
{ZaÝVa AnZo {dMmam| H$mo Xÿgam| Ho$ gm‘Zo A{^춳V H$aZo Ho$ {b¶o ^mfm H$s
Amdí¶H$Vm hmoVr h¡& AV: ^mfm Am¡a {dMmam| H$m K{ZîR> gå~ÝY h¡& ^mfm
{dMmam| H$s A{^ì¶p³V H$m EH$ gwÝXa Am¡a gwJ‘ ‘mܶ‘ h¡& EH$ ‘yH$ ì¶p³V
Xÿgam| Ho$ gm‘Zo ñd¶§ H$mo {H$VZm Aghm¶ ‘hgyg H$aVm h¡, O~ dh AnZo
{dMmamo§ H$mo ^mfm Ho$ ‘mܶ‘ go àH$Q> Zht H$a nmVm h¡& ¶Ú{n dh AnZo hmd-
^md VWm A§J g§MmbZ Ûmam AnZr ~mV H$mo H$hZo H$m à¶mg H$aVm h¡, {H$ÝVw
Cg‘| BVZr ñnîQ>Vm Zht hmoVr h¡& AV: ^mfm Ho$ ‘mܶ‘ go {dMmam| H$mo àH$Q>
H$aZo na CZ‘| ñnîQ>Vm Am OmVr h¡& AV: à˶oH$ ~mbH$ Ho$ {dH$mg H«$‘ ‘|
^mfm {dH$mg hmoZm na‘ Amdí¶H$ h¡& ^mfm {dH$mg ~mbH$m§o Ho$ ‘mZ{gH$ Am¡a
gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg ‘| ghm¶Vm àXmZ H$aVm h¡& ^mfm Ho$ ‘mܶ‘ go {dMmam| H$m
AmXmZ-àXmZ H$aZo go ì¶p³V H$s gm‘m{OH$Vm H$m {dH$mg hmoVm h¡& Bgr
àH$ma n‹T>Zo, {bIZo, grIZo Am{X g^r {H«$¶mAm| ‘| ^r ^mfm {dH$mg ‘mܶ‘
H$m H$m¶© H$aVm h¡& ^mfm {dH$mg Ho$ H$maU hr ‘mZd Xÿgao Ordm| go loîR> ‘mZm
OmVm h¡& ‘mZd H$s gä¶Vm d g§ñH¥${V H$m [dH$mg ^r ^mfm H$s hr XoZ h¡&
3.6.1 ^mfm¶r {dH$mg H$m AW©
~mbH$ Ho$ ^mfm¶r {dH$mg go VmËn¶© h¡ CgHo$ ^mdm| Ed§ {dMmam| H$mo A{^춳V
H$aZo Ho$ {bE Omo ÜdݶmË‘H$ gmYZ CgHo$ nmg h¡, {Ogo ^mfm H$hVo h¢ CZH$m
 n¥îR> 40 d¥{Õ Ed§ {dH$mg Ho$ {d{^ÝZ Am¶m‘
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
{dH$mg& ~mbH$ H$s dmH²$ ep³V OÝ‘OmV hmoVr h¡, naÝVw ^mfm H$m {dH$mg
CgHo$ dmVmdaU go AÝV… {H«$¶m Ûmam hmoVm h¡& ^mfm {dH$mg H$m gå~ÝY gwZZo,
~mobZo, n‹T>Zo Am¡a {bIZo Ho$ ^mfm¶r H$m¡ebm| Ho$ {dH$mg go hmoVm h¡&
3.6.2 ~më¶mdñWm ‘| ^mfm {dH$mg
~mbH$ H$s Am¶w ‘| d¥{Õ hmoZo Ho$ gmW-gmW CgHo$ ñda¶ÝÌ VWm ñZm¶w{dH$
A§Jm| ‘| n[an³dVm AmVr OmVr h¡, {OgHo$ ’$bñdê$n Yrao-Yrao CgH$m ^mfm
{dH$mg Vrd« J{V go hmoZo bJVm h¡& ~më¶mdñWm ‘| ~mbH$ eãX go boH$a dm³¶
{Z‘m©U H$s {H«$¶m ‘| XjVm àmßV H$a boVm h¡&
~mb ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| H$m ‘mZZm h¡ {H$ ~më¶mdñWm ‘| ^r ~m{bH$mAm§o
H$m ^mfm {dH$mg ~mbH$m§o H$s VwbZm ‘| Vrd« J{V go hmoVm h¡ VWm b‹S>H$m§o H$s
Anojm CZHo$ dm³¶m| ‘| eãXm| H$s g§»¶m A{YH$ hmoVr h¡& BgHo$ A{V[a³V ^mfm
àJʶ
¶o VÎd {ZåZ{b{IV h¢-
1. emar[aH$ ñdmñ϶
Eogm XoIm J¶m h¡ {H$ Omo ~mbH$ ñdñW d {ZamoJr hmoVo h¢, CZH$m ^mfm {dH$mg
CZ ~mbH$m| H$s VwbZm ‘| erK« hmoVm h¡, Omo A³ga ~r‘ma Am¡a AñdñW ahVo
h¢& Añdñ϶ Am¡a ~r‘ma ~mbH$m| H$m ^mfm {dH$mg Bg{bE ‘ÝX J{V go hmoVm
h¡, ³¶m|{H$ do gr{‘V ‘mÌm ‘| hr AnZo {‘Ìm| d gm{W¶m| Ho$ gånH©$ ‘| Am nmVo h¢,
{Oggo AZwH$aU Ûmam grIZo H$m Adga H$‘ {‘b nmVm h¡& BgHo$ A{V[a³V
emar[aH$ AñdñWVm Ho$ H$maU ~mbH$ A{YH$m§eV… emÝV ahVm h¡ Am¡a H$‘
~mobVm h¡& ’$bñdê$n ~mobZo H$m Aä¶mg H$‘ hmoVm h¡, {Oggo dh ^mfm {dH$mg
‘| ñdñW ~mbH$m| H$s VwbZm ‘| nrN>o ahVm h¡&
2. eara aMZm

www.praganya.org
àñVwVrH$aU ‘| ^r ~m{bH$m¶| ~mbH$m§o go VoO hmoVr h¡& àW‘ 6 dfm] VH$ ¶h ~mbH$ Ho$ ñdmñ϶ Ho$ gmW-gmW CgH$s eara aMZm ^r BgHo$ ^mfm {dH$mg
J{V Vrd« ahVr h¡ {’$a ‘ÝX hmo OmVr h¡& H$mo à^m{dV H$aVr h¡& eara aMZm go VmËn¶© ñda¶ÝÌ, Or^, Vmby, Xm±V Am{X
gremoa Zo ~më¶mdñWm Ho$ ^mfm {dH$mg H$mo {ZåZ gmaUr Ho$ ‘mܶ‘ H$s ~ZmdQ> go h¡, ³¶m|{H$ ¶o A§J hr ~mobZo H$s {H«$¶m ‘| ghm¶H$ hmoVo h¢& ¶{X
go ñnîQ> {H$¶m h¡- ~mbH$ H$m ñda¶ÝÌ n[an³d hmoVm h¡, Or^ H$s ‘m±gno{e¶m± {H«$¶merb hmoVr h¡,
Xm±Vm| H$s aMZm gm‘mݶ hmoVr h¡, Vmo Eogo ~mbH$ OëXr Am¡a ñnîQ> ~mobVo h¢,
gremoa Ho$ AZwgma ~më¶mdñWm ‘| ^mfm {dH$mg {H$ÝVw {OZ ~mbH$m| Ho$ ñda¶ÝÌ ‘| H$moB© Iam~r hmoVr h¡, Vmo do Xoa go ~mobVo h¢
Am¶w eãX Am¡a ñnîQ> ^r Zht ~mob nmVo h¢&
4 df© 5,600
www.praganya.org

3. qbJ ^oX
5 df© 9,600 ‘Zmd¡km{ZH$m| Ho$ Bg joÌ ‘| {H$¶o J¶o à¶moJm| ‘| ¶h XoIm J¶m h¡ {H$ ^mfm
6 df© 14,700 {dH$mg qbJ ^oX go à^m{dV hmoVm h¡& Bg joÌ ‘| ‘¡H$mWu Zo AnZo Aܶ¶Zm| Ho$
7 df© 21,200 níMmV² à‘m{UV {H$¶m h¡ {H$ g‘mZ Am¶w Ho$ ~mbH$-~m{bH$mAm| ‘| ~m{bH$mAm|
8 df© 26,300 H$s ^mfm OëXr g‘P ‘| Am OmZo ¶mo½¶ hmoVr h¡& Aݶ d¡km{ZH$m| Ho$ AZwgma
10 df© 34,300 ^r b‹S>{H$¶m± b‹S>H$m| H$s VwwbZm ‘| erK« ~mobZm àmaå^ H$aVr h¡, CZH$m eãX
^ÊS>ma ^r b‹S>H$m| go A{YH$ hmoVm h¡& ~m{bH$mAm| Ho$ CÀMmaU ‘| ^r ewÕVm
~mbH$m| Ho$ eãX ^ÊS>ma na d§emZwH«$‘ VWm dmVmdaU XmoZm| H$m à^md
hmoVr h¡, O~{H$ ~mbH$m| ‘| ^mfm Xmof A{YH$ nm¶o OmVo h¢&
n‹S>Vm h¡& ~mbH$ H$m dmVmdaU {OVZm {dñV¥V hmoJm, eãX ^ÊS>ma CVZm hr
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{dñV¥V ~ZVm h¡& 4. ~w{Õ

O¡gob Ho$ ‘VmZwgma Mma df© H$s Am¶w ‘| bJ^J nMmg à{VeV ~mbH$ ~w{Õ Am¡a ^mfm {dH$mg ‘| K{ZîR> gå~ÝY nm¶m OmVm h¡& Bg gå~ÝY ‘| {H$¶o
N>moQ>o eãXm|, O¡go- Hw$gu, Jw{‹S>¶m, nmnm, nmZr Am{X eãXm| H$m à¶moJ AnZo J¶o ~w{Õ narjUm| go kmV hþAm {H$ Omo ~mbH$ CËH¥$îQ> ~w{Õ Ho$ hmoVo h¢, do OëXr
dm³¶m| ‘| ghr AW© ‘| H$a gH$Vo h¢& pñ‘W Ho$ AZwgma nm±M-N>: df© Ho$ ~mbH$ ~mobZm ewê$ H$aVo h¢& BgHo$ {dnarV ‘ÝX ~w{Õ ~mbH$m| ‘| ~mobZo H$s j‘Vm Xoa
AnZo dm³¶m| ‘§o H$^r-H$^r EH$ Xmo eãX ^yb go N>mo‹S> XoVo h¢, H$^r-H$^r {H«$¶m go {dH${gV hmoVr h¡& ~w{Õ‘mZ ~mbH$m| H$m eãX ^ÊS>ma {dñV¥V, eãX M¶Z
Ho$ à¶moJ ‘§o Ìw{Q> H$aVo h¢, {H$ÝVw do ñd¶§ hr Cgo gwYmaZo H$m à¶mg H$aVo h¢& CÎm‘, ewÕ CÀMmaU Am¡a dm³¶ aMZm H$s A{YH$ j‘Vm nm¶r OmVr h¡&
5. gm‘m{OH$ Ed§ Am{W©H$ pñW{V
3.6.3 ^mfm {dH$mg H$mo à^m{dV H$aZo dmbo H$maH$ {OZ n[admam| H$s gm‘m{OH$ d Am{W©H$ pñW{V AÀN>r hmoVr h¡, CZ n[admam| ‘|
g^r ~mbH$m| ‘| ^mfm {dH$mg H$s ‘mÌm Am¡a J{V g‘mZ Zht hmoVr h¡& H$moB© ~mbH$m| H$m ^mfm {dH$mg AÀN>m hmoVm h¡& Omo ‘mVm-{nVm {e{jV VWm AÀN>r
~mbH$ OëXr ~mobZm grIVm h¡, Vmo H$moB© Xoa go& Bgr àH$ma Hw$N> ~mbH$m| H$mo gm‘m{OH$ d Am{W©H$ pñW{V dmbo hmoVo h¢, CZHo$ ~mbH$m| H$m eãX ^ÊS>ma gwÝXa
gr{‘V eãXm| H$s OmZH$mar hmoVr h¡, O~{H$ Hw$N> H$m eãX ^ÊS>ma A˶{YH$ hmoVm h¡ VWm CÀMmaU ewÕ hmoVm h¡& do AnZr ^mfm ‘| JÝXo eãXm| H$m à¶moJ
{dH${gV hmoVm h¡& eãXmoÀMmaU ‘| ^r H$moB© ~mbH$ ewÕ CÀMmaU H$aVm h¡, Zht H$aVo h¢ ¶{X CZH$s ^mfm ‘| H$moB© Xmof Am ^r OmVm h¡ Vmo {e{jV ‘mVm-
O~{H$ Hw$N> ‘| ^mfm gå~ÝYr Xmof nm¶o OmVo h¢& Bg àH$ma XoIm J¶m h¡ {H$ {nVm CgHo$ {ZamH$aU H$m à¶mg erK«Vm go H$aVo h¢& Bg‘o {dnarV A{e{jV
~mbH$m| Ho$ ^mfm {dH$mg ‘| H$m’$s AÝVa nm¶m OmVm h¡& Bg AÝVa Ho$ {d{^ÝZ ‘mVm-{nVm ^mfm {dH$mg H$mo ‘hÎd Zht XoVo h¢& ‘m± ~mn ñd¶ ^r JÝXo eãXm| H$m
H$maU hmoVo h¢, {OÝh| ^mfm {dH$mg H$mo à^m{dV H$aZo dmbo VÎd H$hm OmVm h¡& CÀMmaU H$aVo h¢, Vmo AZwH$aU go CZHo$ ~ÀMo ^r ^«îQ> CÀMmaU H$aZo bJVo h¢&
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
 àJʶ d¥{Õ Ed§ {dH$mg Ho$ {d{^ÝZ Am¶m‘
6. n[an³dVm
{Og àH$ma {H«$¶mË‘H$ {dH$mg Ho$ {bE emar[aH$ A§Jm| H$m n[an³d hmoZm
Amdí¶H$ h¡& Cgr àH$ma ^mfm {dH$mg Ho$ {bE ’o$’$‹S>o, Jbm, Or^, hm|R>, Xm±V,
ñda¶ÝÌ VWm ‘pñVîH$ Ho$ ^mfm Ho$ÝÐ H$m nyU© n[an³d hmoZm Amdí¶H$ h¡& O~
VH$ ¶o g^r A§J n[an³dVm àmá Zht H$aVo h¢, V~ VH$ ~ÀMm| H$mo Mmho {H$gr
^r àH$ma H$m ~mobZo H$m à{ejU ³¶m| Z {X¶m Om¶o CgH$m ^mfm {dH$mg Zht
hmo gH$Vm h¡& O¡go-O¡go ¶o A§J n[an³dVm àmá H$aVo OmVo h¢, Cgr H«$‘ go
^mfm {dH$mg hmoVm OmVm h¡&
7. grIZm VWm AZwH$aU
O~ ~mbH$ Ho$ ^mfm {dH$mg gå~ÝYr A§J n[an³dVm àmá H$a boVo h¢, Vmo
~mbH$ H$m ^mfm {dH$mg {’$a dmVmdaU gå~ÝYr VÎdm| Ho$ AYrZ hmo OmVm h¡&
¶o dmVmdaU gå~ÝYr VÎd h¡-
1. grIZo Ho$ Adga
2. AZwH$aU H$s àd¥[Îm
ñZm¶w{dH$ n[an³dVm VWm ^mfm {dH$mg gå~ÝYr A§Jm| ‘| n[an³dVm
Am OmZo na grIZo Am¡a AZwH$aU Ho$ {bE n¶m©á Adga àXmZ {H$¶o OmVo h¢,
Vmo ~mbH$ H$m ^mfm {dH$mg erK«Vm go hmoVm h¡& {OZ Kam§o ‘| H$B© ~mbH$ hmoVo
h¢, Vmo dhm± N>moQ>m ~mbH$ ~‹S>m| H$m AZwH$aU H$a OëXr ~mobZm grIVm h¡& Bgr
àH$ma ¶{X ~mbH$ g§¶w³V n[adma H$m gXñ¶ h¡, Vmo dhm± ^r Cgo d¶ñH$m§o go
^mfm {dH$mg Ho$ {bE n¶m©á grIZo VWm AZwH$aU H$aZo H$m Adga àmá hmoVm
h¡& My±{H$ ~mbH$ ‘| AZwH$aU H$s àd¥[Îm H$m {dH$mg OÝ‘ Ho$ 9 go 10 ‘hrZo
níMmV² go hr hmo OmVm h¡& AV… ‘mVm-{nVm VWm Aݶ d¶ñH$ ì¶p³V¶m| H$mo
dh ܶmZ aIZm Mm{hE {H$ do ~mbH$m| Ho$ g‘j ^«îQ> ^mfm H$m à¶moJ Z H$a|&
8. àoaUm
A{YH$m§eV… XoIm J¶m h¡ {H$ ~mbH$m| H$mo ¶Ú{n grIZo Ho$ AZoH$ Adga àmá
hmoVo h¢, {’$a ^r ~mbH$m| Ho$ ‘mVm-{nVm CÝh| ^mfm grIZo Ho$ {bE ào[aV Zht
H$a nmVo h¢& A{^^mdH$ H$mo Mm[hE {H$ do ~mbH$m| H$mo amoZo na do MrO| CnbãY
Z H$amE± {OZHo$ {bE do amo aho h¢ VWm ~mbH$ ¶{X g§Ho$V Am¡a hmd-^md Ho$
à¶moJ ‘| H$moB© MrO ‘m±J| Vmo ^r CnbãY Z H$amE±, ³¶m|{H$ Bg àH$ma ~mbH$
eãXm| H$mo grIZo Ho$ {bE ào[aV hmo§Jo& Yrao-Yrao do g‘PZo bJ|Jo {H$ {~Zm eãX
~mobo CÝh| MrO| àmá Zht hm|Jr& Amdí¶H$VmZwgma ~mbH$m| H$mo ~hbm-’w$gbmH$a
߶ma go, Xþbma go ^r eãX ~mobZo Ho$ {b¶o ào[aV H$aZm Mm{hE&
9. {ZX}eZ
^mfm {dH$mg H$o {bE àoaUm Ho$ gmW-gmW {ZX}eZ H$s ^r Amdí¶H$Vm hmoVr h¡&
^mfm {dH$mg Ho$ {bE Oê$ar h¡ {H$ Omo eãX ~mobo Om¶§o CZHo$ ‘m°S>b ^r ~ÀMm|
Ho$ gm‘Zo àñVwV {H$¶o Om¶|, {Oggo dh ~mobo J¶o eãX H$s ghr Vñdra AnZo
‘pñVîH$ ‘| A§{H$V H$a gHo$& O¡go ¶{X Jw{‹S>¶m {XImH$a CgHo$ gm‘Zo Jw[‹S>¶m
eãX H$m CÀMmaU {H$¶m OmVm h¡ Vmo Yrao-Yrao Jw{‹S>¶m eãX Am¡a CgH$s AmH¥${V
~ÀMo Ho$ {X‘mJ ‘| ~¡R> OmVr h¡, {Oggo ^{dî¶ ‘| O~ H$^r dh Jw{‹S>¶m XoIVm
h¡ Vmo ñdV… hr Jw{‹S>¶m eãX H$m CÀMmaU H$aZo bJVm h¡& AV… C{MV {ZX}eZ
go ~mbH$ OëXr ~mobZm grIVm h¡&
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
n¥îR> 41
10. nm[adm[aH$ gå~ÝY
~ÀMo Ho$ nm[adm[aH$ gå~ÝY CgHo$ {dH$mg H$mo à^m{dV H$aVo h¢& {OZ ~ÀMm|
H$o nm[adm[aH$ gå~ÝY AÀN>o hmoVo h¢, do ~ÀMo AÀN>r àoaUm nmH$a OëXr ~mobZm
grI boVo h¢& ~ÀMo Ho$ ^mfm {dH$mg na nm[adm[aH$ gå~ÝYm| H$m à^md OmZZo
Ho$ {bE H$B© ~mb ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| {OZ‘| pñnO, ‘¡H$mWv, Wm‘gZ Am{X H$m Zm‘
à‘wI h¡, Zo AZmWmb¶ Ho$ ~mbH$m| H$m Aܶ¶Z {H$¶m, ³¶m|{H$ ¶hm± nm[adm[aH$
gå~ÝYm| H$m A^md Wm& Aܶ¶Z Ho$ níMmV² CÝhm|Zo {ZîH$f© {ZH$mbm {H$
nm[adm[aH$ gånH©$ go AbJ ahZo dmbo ~ÀMo amoVo A{YH$ h¢ Am¡a ~~bmVo H$‘ h¢&
CZHo$ ‘w±h go {ZH$bZo dmbr Üd[Z¶m| H$s g§»¶m ^r H$‘ hmoVr h¡& AV… CZH$m
^mfm {dH$mg Xoa go hmoVm h¡& BgHo$ ~rM Omo ~mbH$ n[adma Ho$ gmW ahVo h¢ do
OëXr VWm ewÕ ~mobZm grI OmVo h¢&
Hw$N> ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$mo§ Zo n[adma Ho$ gXñ¶m| H$s g§»¶m VWm AmH$ma H$m
à^md ^r ^mfm {dH$mg na OmZZo Ho$ {bE Aܶ¶Z {H$¶m Am¡a {ZîH$f© {ZH$mbm
{H$ {OZ n[admam| ‘| A{YH$ ~ÀMo hmoVo h¢ ¶m Ohm± g§¶w³V n[adma hmoVo h¢ dhm±
~mbH$m| H$mo AZwH$aU Ho$ Adga A{YH$ àmá hmoVo h¢, {Oggo ~mbH$m| H$m ^mfm
{dH$mg erK«Vm go hmoVm h¡&
11. ì¶p³VJV {d{^ÝZVmE±
Aܶ¶Zm| ‘| ¶h XoIm J¶m h¡ {H$ Omo ~ÀMo CËgmhr hmoVo h¢, CZ‘| emÝV àH¥${V
Ho$ ~ÀMm§o H$s Anojm ^mfm erK« {dH${gV hmoVr h¡& CËgmhr ~ÀMm| H$s ^mfm
~mobZo H$s J{V ^r Vrd« hmoVr h¡, O~{H$ Omo ~ÀMo AmdoJr hmoVo h¢, ^bo hr do Vrd«
~w{Õ dmbo ³¶m| Z hm|, BZH$m eãXm| H$m CÀMmaU CZ ~mbH$m| H$s Anojm Ìw{Q>nyU©
hmoVm h¡, Omo H$‘ Vrd« ~w{Õ dmbo naÝVw emÝV àH¥${V Ho$ hmoVo h¢&
12. H$B© ^mfmAm| H$m à¶moJ
{OZ n[admam| ‘| ‘mVm-{nVm H$B© ^mfmAm| H$m à¶moJ H$aVo h¢ dhm± ~mbH$m| H$m
^mfm {dH$mg R>rH$ àH$ma go Zht hmo nmVm h¡, ³¶m|{H$ ‘mVm-{nVm Ûmam ~ÀMo Ho$
gm‘Zo EH$ hr dñVw Ho$ {bE Xmo AbJ-AbJ eãXm| H$m à¶moJ {H$¶m OmVm h¡&
Xmo AbJ-AbJ eãXm| H$mo ¶mX aIZm ~mbH$ Ho$ {bE H${R>Z hmoVm h¡, {Oggo
CgHo$ CÀMmaU ‘| ^mfm gå~ÝYr Xmof Am OmVo h¢& AV… ¶{X n[adma ‘| H$B©
^mfmAm| H$m à¶moJ {H$¶m OmVm h¡ Vmo ~mbH$ H$m ^mfm {dH$mg Yr‘r J{V go
hmoVm h¡&
3.7 Z¡{VH$ {dH$mg
[^ÝZ-{^ÝZ dJmoª VWm g‘mOm§o Ho$ Z¡{VH$ AmXem] ‘| AÝVa ahVm h¡,
CXmhaUñdê$n, ^maV Am¡a ¶yamon Ho$ Z¡{VH$ AmXem] ‘| ~hþV AÝVa h¡& BgH$m
‘Vb~ ¶h h¡ {H$ Omo ~mV EH$ g‘mO R>rH$ g‘PVm h¡, Cgo hr Xÿgam g‘mO
hm{ZH$maH$ g‘PVm h¡& Iwbo Am‘ gmd©O{ZH$ ñWmZm| na ào‘-àXe©Z H$aZm
nmíMm˶ Z¡{VH$ AmXem] Ho$ AZwHy$b hmo gH$Vm h¡, naÝVw ^maV ‘| Bgo ~hþV
~wam g‘Pm OmVm h¡& Z Ho$db BVZm hr A{nVw ^maV ‘| ahZo dmbo {hÝXþAm|,
‘wgb‘mZm| VWm B©gmB¶m| Ho$ Z¡{VH$ AmXem] ‘| ^r ~hþV {^ÝZVm nmB© OmVr h¡&
‘wgb‘mZm| ‘| MMoao ^mB©-~{hZm| VWm ‘‘oao ^mB©-~{hZm| ‘| {ddmh hmo OmVm h¡,
naÝVw {hÝXÿ-‘¶m©Xm Ho$ AZwgma Bgo R>rH$ Zht g‘Pm OmVm&
 n¥îR> 42 d¥{Õ Ed§ {dH$mg Ho$ {d{^ÝZ Am¶m‘
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
H«$mo VWm H«$mo Am¡a H$B© Aݶ ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| Zo AmMma-gå~ÝYr {Z¶‘m|
H$mo ^r Z¡{VH$Vm Ho AÝVJ©V hr ‘mZm h¡& AmMmaemñÌ h‘o§ ~VmVm h¡ {H$ H$m¡Z-
gr ~mV ì¶p³V Ho$ {bE R>rH$ h¡ Am¡a H$m¡Z-gr ~mV R>rH$ Zht h¡&
M[aÌ Ho$ AÝVJ©V ì¶p³V H$s AZoH$ ‘mZ{gH$ ep³V¶m| H$m g‘mdoe
hmoVm h¡& BZ ep³V¶m| Ho$ ñdê$n Ho$ {df¶ ‘§o H$B© àH$ma Ho$ ‘V ahZo Ho$ H$maU
M[aÌ Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘o§ {dÛmZm| Ho$ {d{^ÝZ ‘V h¢&
M[aÌ H$s g~go ~‹S>r {deofVm gwÑ‹T> g§H$ën-ep³V {JZr OmVr h¡&
AnZo {ZpíMV bú¶ H$s Amoa ~am~a AJ«ga hmoVo ahZm Am¡a AZoH$ {d¿Z-
~mYmAm| Ho$ hmoZo na ^r {ZpíMV ‘mJ© go nrN>o Z hQ>Zm g§H$ën-ep³V H$m à‘wI
bjU h¡& g§gma Ho$ g^r ‘hmZ² nwéfm| ‘| ¶h g§H$ën-ep³V XoIr Om gH$Vr h¡&
{edmOr, ‘hmamUm àVmn, ‘h{f© X¶mZÝX, ñdm‘r {ddoH$mZÝX, lr Aa{dÝX, S>m°.
h¡S>Jodma VWm Jm±Yr Or gwÑ‹T> g§H$ën-ep³V dmbo ì¶p³V Wo& ^maVr¶ {dMmam|
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Ho$ AZwê$n Bg g§H$ën-ep³V H$m AmYma AmܶmpË‘H$Vm h¡&
nmíMm˶ Xoem| ‘| M[aÌ H$m AmYma AmܶmpË‘H$Vm Zht g‘Pm OmVm&
ì¶dhmadm{X¶m| Ho$ à‘wI àd³Vm dmQgZ H$m H$WZ h¡ {H$ M[aÌ ì¶dhma-
g§ñH$mam| H$m g‘wÀM¶ ‘mÌ h¡& CZHo$ AZwgma ì¶dhma emar[aH$ {H«$¶mAm| na
{Z^©a h¡&
3.7.1 Z¡[VH$ {dH$mg H$m AW©
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~mbH$ Ho$ Z¡{VH$ {dH$mg H$m VmËn¶© h¡- CgH$m Mm[a{ÌH$ {dH$mg& Z¡{VH$Vm
VWm M[aÌ H$m dmñV{dH$ ñdê$n ³¶m h¡, Bg gå~ÝY ‘| {^ÝZ-[^ÝZ
‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ EH$‘V Zht h¢& ‘Zwî¶ go Anojm H$s OmVr h¡ {H$ dh {Og g‘mO
¶m dJ© ‘| ahVm h¡, CgHo$ ar{V-[admOm| H$m nmbZ H$ao& ~hþV-go ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$mo§
H$m H$WZ h¡ {H$ g‘mO ¶m dJ© Ho$ ar{V-[admAm| H$m nmbZ H$aZm hr Z¡{VH$Vm
h¡& Omo ì¶p³V BZ {Z¶‘m| H$m nmbZ H$aZo ‘§o Ag‘W© ahVm h¡, Cg‘| Z¡{VH$Vm
H$m A^md hr {JZm Om¶oJm&
gm‘m{OH$ Ed§ Ym{‘©H$ {ZX}em| Ho$ AZwgma AmMaU H$aZo Ho$ {bE ~mbH$
H$mo AnZo D$na {Z¶ÝÌU H$aZm hmoVm h¡& ¶h {Z¶ÝÌU {OVZm Iy~gyaVr go
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ì¶p³V H$a gH$Vm h¡, dh CVZm hr Mm[a{ÌH$ ê$n go {dH${gV H$hbmVm h¡&
gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg ‘| g‘mO Ho$ ar{V-[admOm|, ahZ-ghZ, ^mfm, naånamAm|
Am{X H$mo grIZm Am¡a à¶moJ H$aZm hmoVm h¡&
3.7.2 AÀN>o M[aÌ Ho$ bjU
~mCbo Ed§ Aݶ Ho$ AZwgma, AÀN>o M[aÌ ‘| {ZåZm§{H$V bjU nm¶o OmVo h¢-
1. AmË‘-{Z¶ÝÌU
AÀN>o M[aÌ Ho$ ì¶p³V ‘| AmË‘-{Z¶ÝÌU H$m JwU hmoVm h¡& Cgo AnZo
{dMmam|, ì¶dhmam|, BÀN>mAm|, ^mdZmAm| Am{X na A{YH$ma hmoVm h¡& dh H$R>moa
n[apñW{V¶m| ‘| ^r {dM{bV Zht hmoVm h¡&
2. {dídgZr¶Vm
AÀN>o M[aÌ Ho$ ì¶p³V ‘| {dídgZr¶Vm H$m JwU hmoVm h¡ Am¡a à˶oH$ n[añW{V
‘| CgH$m {dídmg {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡& BgH$m H$maU h¡ {H$ dh gX¡d {H$gr
AmXe© ¶m {gÕmÝV Ho$ AZwgma H$m¶© H$aVm h¡& dh {H$gr gZH$ ¶m j{UH$
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
àJʶ
{dMma Ho$ H$maU Cggo {dM{bV Zht hmoVm h¡& BgHo$ A{V[a³V dh EH$-gr
n[apñW{V¶m| ‘| EH$-gm ì¶dhma H$aVm h¡& CgHo$ ì¶dhma H$mo XoIH$a CgHo$
n[aUm‘ H$s ^{dî¶dmUr H$s Om gH$Vr h¡&
3. H$m¶© ‘| Ñ‹T>Vm
AÀN>o M[aÌ Ho$ ì¶p³V H$m EH$ {deof JwU h¡-H$m¶© ‘| ÑT>Vm& dh {Og H$m¶©
H$mo Amaå^ H$aVm h¡, Cgo g‘má Adí¶ H$aVm h¡& dh Z Vmo Cgo H$^r AYyam
N>mo‹S>Vm h¡ Am¡a Z ñW{JV H$aVm h¡&
4. H$‘©{ZîR>m
AÀN>o M[aÌ Ho$ ì¶p³V ‘| H$‘©{ZîR>m H$m JwU hmoVm h¡& dh à˶oH$ H$m¶© H$mo nyU©
n[al‘ go H$aVm h¡& H$m¶© ^bo hr Zrag hmo, na dh Cgo H$aZo ‘| {H$gr àH$ma
H$s {e{WbVm 춳V Zht H$aVm h¡&
5. AÝV…H$aU H$s ewÕVm
AÀN>o M[aÌ Ho$ ì¶p³V H$m EH$ ‘w»¶ JwU h¡-AÝV…H$aU H$s ewÕVm& CgHo$
H$‘©, dMZ Am¡a ì¶dhma ‘| N>b H$s N>m¶m ^r Zht hmoVr h¡&
6. CÎmXm{¶Ëd H$s ^mdZm
AÀN>o M[aÌ Ho$ ì¶p³V ‘| CÎmaXm{¶Ëd H$s ^mdZm hmoVr h¡& dh ‘hmZ² H$îQ>
PobH$a ^r AnZo CÎmaXm{¶Ëd H$m {Zdm©h H$aVm h¡&
AÝV ‘|, h‘ ~mCbo d Aݶ Ho$ eãXm| ‘| H$h gH$Vo h¢-
M[aÌ Ho$ ¶o JwU Am¡a bjU, {dÚmb¶ H$m¶© Am¡a gm‘m{OH$ OrdZ, XmoZm| ‘| à˶j
ê$n go ~hþV ‘hÎdnyU© h¢& {OZ N>mÌm| ‘| ¶o JwU hmoVo h¢, do AnZr ‘mZ{gH$ ep³V¶m§o
H$m, Omo ^r CZ‘| hmoVr h¢, A{YH$V‘ à¶moJ H$aVo h¢&
3.7.3 M[aÌ H$m {Z‘m©U H$aZo dmbo H$maH$
pñH$Za d h¡argZ Ho$ eãXm| ‘|-
M[aÌ H$m {Z‘m©U H$aZo dmbo H$maH$ EH$mH$s ê$n go Zht, daZ² gpå‘{bV ê$n go
H$m¶© H$aVo h¢&
M[aÌ H$m {Z‘m©U H$aZo dmbo H$maH$m| H$m g§{já dU©Z {ZåZ àH$ma h¡-
1. ‘ybàd¥[Îm¶m±
‘ybàd¥[Îm¶m±, M[aÌ-{Z‘m©U H$s ‘w»¶ AmYma h¡& {Og ì¶p³V ‘| Omo ‘ybàd¥[Îm¶m±
ep³Vembr hmoVr h¡, CÝht Ho$ AZwê$n Cg‘| JwU nm¶o OmVo h¢, CXmhaUmW©-
AmË‘-àXe©Z H$s ‘ybàd¥[Îm Ho$ H$maU ì¶p³V ‘| nX, ep³V Am¡a gå‘mZ Ho$
{bE g§Kf© H$aZo H$m JwU nm¶m OmVm h¡&
2. g§doJ
‘ybàd¥[Îm¶m| H$m g§doJm| go K{ZîR> gå~ÝY hmoVm h¡& BÝht Ho$ H$maU ì¶p³V ‘|
Hw$N> g§doJ ñWm¶r ~ZH$a, JwUm| ¶m AdJwUm| H$m ê$n YmaU H$aVo h¢, O¡go-
H«$moY, K¥Um Am{X&
3. A{O©V àd¥[Îm¶m±
ì¶p³V {Og àH$ma H$s g§J{V ¶m dmVmdaU ‘| ahVm h¡, d¡gr hr ‘mZ{gH$
àd¥[Îm¶m± A{O©V H$aVm h¡& ¶hr H$maU h¡ {H$ Hw$N> ì¶p³V¶m| ‘| AÀN>r Am¡a
Hw$N> ‘| ~war àd¥[Îm¶m± nmB© OmVr h¡& BZ àd¥[Îm¶m| Ho$ AZwê$n hr CZHo$ M[aÌ
 àJʶ d¥{Õ Ed§ {dH$mg Ho$ {d{^ÝZ Am¶m‘
H$m {Z‘m©U hmoVm h¡&
4. AmXV|
ì¶p³V AnZr AmXVm| Ho$ AZwgma H$m¶© Am¡a ì¶dhma H$aVm h¡& CgH$s AmXVm|
H$mo XoIH$a CgHo$ M[aÌ Ho$ JwU-Xmofm| H$m AZw‘mZ bJm¶m Om gH$Vm h¡,
Bg{bE M[aÌ H$mo AmXVm| H$m nwÝO H$hm OmVm h¡&
5. ñWm¶r^md
M[aÌ H$m {Z‘m©U H$aZo Ho$ {bE ñWm¶r^mdm| H$mo AÀN>m ‘mZm OmVm h¡& M[aÌ,
ñWm¶r^mdm| Ho$ ¶moJ Ho$ Abmdm Am¡a Hw$N> Zht h¡& ñWm¶r^md {OVZo A{YH$
AÀN>o hmoVo h¢, CVZm hr A{YH$ AÀN>m M[aÌ hmoVm h¡& Bgr{bE a¡³g Ed§ ZmBQ>
Zo {bIm h¡-
M[aÌ H$m AmYma-ñWm¶r^md H$m {Z‘m©U Am¡a g§JR>Z h¡&
6. AmË‘-gå‘mZ
M[aÌ Ho$ dmñV{dH$ {Z‘m©U Ho$ {bE AmË‘-gå‘mZ Ho$ ñWm¶r^md H$m hmoZm
g~go A{YH$ Amdí¶H$ h¡& ‘¡³Sy>Jb Ho$ AZwgma, Bg ñWm¶r^md ‘| AmË‘-
àXe©Z Am¡a AYrZVm H$s àd¥[Îm¶m§o H$m C{MV gm‘§Oñ¶ hmoZm Mm{hE& S>pådb
H$m ‘V h¡ {H$ Bg ñWm¶r^md H$m gå~ÝY ñd¶§ Ho$ {dMma go h¡& ¶h ì¶p³V
‘| V^r CËnÝZ hmoVm h¡, O~ CgHo$ g~ ñWm¶r ^mdm| H$m gdm}ÀM ñVa na
EH$sH$aU hmoVm h¡& ì¶p³V Ho$ M[aÌ H$s loîR>Vm Am¡a {ZH¥$îQ>Vm H$m AmYma ¶hr
h¡& am°g H$m H$WZ h¡-
O~ AmË‘-gå‘mZ ZîQ> hmo OmVm h¡, V~ M[aÌ {N>ÝZ-{^ÝZ hmo OmVm h¡& BgH$m
nwZ{Z©‘m©U H$aHo$ hr M[aÌ H$m nwZgªJR>Z {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡&
7. AmZÝX
AÀN>o H$m¶m] Am¡a AÀN>o ì¶dhma H$s àd¥[Îm¶m| H$m H$maU CZ‘| nm¶m OmZo dmbm
AmZÝX h¡& AmZÝX CZH$mo gÝVwîQ> H$aHo$ ñWm¶r ê$n àXmZ H$aVm h¡& AV…
AmZÝX M[aÌ {Z‘m©U ‘| {deof ¶moJXmZ XoVm h¡&
8. BÀN>m-ep³V
BÀN>m-ep³V H$s gabVm Am¡a {Z~©bVm Ho$ AZwgma hr ì¶p³V H$m M[aÌ g~b
¶m {Z~©b hmoVm h¡& ÑT>-ep³V dmbo ì¶p³V H$mo AnZo H$m¶m], AmXVm|, {dMmam|
Am{X na nyU© A{YH$ma hmoVm h¡& Bgr{bE S>pådb H$m H$hZm h¡-
BÀN>m-ep³V, M[aÌ H$m g~go ‘hÎdnyU© A§J h¡&
9. d§emZwH«$‘
ì¶p³V¶m| H$mo AZoH$ Mm[a{ÌH$ {deofVmE± d§emZwH«$‘ go àmá hmoVr h¡& BZ
{deofVmAm| Ho$ H$maU CZHo$ M[aÌ ‘| {d{^ÝZVm nmB© OmVr h¡& am°g H$m H$hZm
h¡-
¶o {deofVmE± h‘mao M[aÌ H$mo à^m{dV H$aVr h¢, na CgHo$ ñdê$n H$mo {ZpíMV
Zht H$aVr h¡&
10. ^m¡{VH$ d gm‘m{OH$ dmVmdaU
^m¡{VH$ dmVmdaU Ho$ AÝVJ©V Obdm¶w, ^y{‘ H$s ~ZmdQ> Am{X Am¡a gm‘m{OH$
dmVmdaU Ho$ AÝVJ©V Ka, {dÚmb¶, g§Jr-gmWr, gm‘m{OH$ g§ñWm¶|, ar{V-
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
n¥îR> 43
[admO, ahZ-ghZ H$m ñVa Am{X AmVo h¢& BZ g~H$m M[aÌ H$m {Z‘m©U H$aZo
‘| ‘hÎdnyU© ñWmZ h¡&
11. ‘mZ{gH$ ep³V
‘mZ{gH$ ep³V M[aÌ {Z‘m©U H$m EH$ ‘w»¶ AmYma h¡& BgH$m H$maU ~VmVo hþE
ñQ>Q>© Ed§ AmoH$S>Z Zo {bIm h¡ -
loîR> ‘mZ{gH$ ep³V dmbm ì¶p³V AnZo bú¶m§o H$mo àmá H$aZo ‘| gmYmaUV…
g’$b Am¡a {ZåZ ‘mZ{gH$ ep³V dmbm ì¶p³V gmYmaUV… Ag’$b hmoVm h¡&
12. ñd^md
M[aÌ Ho$ {Z‘m©U na ñd^md H$m à˶j à^md n‹S>Vm h¡& àgÝZ{MV dmbm ì¶p³V
AmemdmXr Am¡a {IÝZ ‘Z dmbm ì¶p³V {ZamemdmXr hmoVm h¡& am°g H$m ‘V h¡-
ñd^md H$s OÝ‘OmV {d{^ÝZVmE± do BªQ>| h¢, {OZHo$ Ûmam M[aÌ H$m {Z‘m©U {H$¶m
Om gH$Vm h¡&
3.7.4 ~më¶mdñWm ‘| Z¡{VH$ {dH$mg
~më¶mdñWm ‘| ~mbH$ Ho$ M[aÌ H$m {dH$mg {ZåZm§{H$V H«$‘ ‘| hmoVm h¡-
1. {H$gr g‘yh H$m gXñ¶ ~ZZo Ho$ H$maU ~mbH$ H$m Xÿgao ~mbH$m| go
gånH©$ ñWm{nV hmoVm h¡& ’$bñdê$n, CgH$o AmMaU ‘| n[adV©Z
hmoZm Amaå^ hmo OmVm h¡&
2. ~mbH$ {d{^ÝZ n[apñW{V¶m| ‘| C{MV Am¡a AZw{MV ‘| AÝVa H$aZm
OmZ OmVm h¡&
3. ~mbH$ ݶm¶ Am¡a B©‘mZXmar Ho$ à{V à~b ^mdZmE± 춳V H$aZo
bJVm h¡&
4. ~mbH$, n[adma Ho$ EH$ {deof gXñ¶ Am¡a {dÚmb¶ Ho$ EH$ {deof
{ejH$ H$s Amkm H$m A{YH$ VËnaVm go nmbZ H$aVm h¡&
5. ~mbH$, Ka ‘| ñdmW©nyU© Am¡a AZw{MV, na {dÚmb¶ ‘| {Z…ñdmW©
Am¡a C{MV ì¶dhma H$aVm h¡&
6. ~mbH$ H$‘ go H$‘ ‘m¡{bH$ ê$n go Mmoar H$aZo, PyR> ~mobZo, YmoIm
XoZo, N>moQ>o ~ÀMm§o ¶m N>moQ>o newAm| H$mo H$îQ> nhþ±MmZo Am¡a eoIr ‘maZo
H$s {ZÝXm H$aZo bJVm h¡&
7. ~mbH$ PyR> ~mobZm H$‘ H$a XoVm h¡, ‘mVm-{nVm go A{YH$ YZ
àmá H$aZo Ho$ {bE CZHo$ H$m¶© H$aVm h¡ Am¡a AnZo go gå~{ÝYV
‘hÎdnyU© n[apñW{V¶m| ‘| g˶ ~mobZo H$m à¶mg H$aVm h¡&
8. H$mobog{ZH$ Ho$ AZwgma-
~mbH$ Hw$N> {gÕmÝVm| H$mo g‘PZo, ñdrH$ma H$aZo Am¡a à¶moJ H$aZo bJVm
h¡& dh BZ {gÕmÝVm| na AmYm[aV AnZo ì¶dhma Ho$ à^md na {dMma H$aZo
bJVm h¡&
9. ñQ´>¢J Ho$ AZwgma-
6, 7 Am¡a 8 df© Ho$ ~mbH$m| ‘| {ddoH$, ݶm¶, B©‘mZXmar Am¡a ‘yë¶m| H$s
^mdZm H$m {dH$mg hmoZo bJVm h¡&
g§jon ‘|, h‘ H$h gH$Vo h¢ {H$ ~më¶mdñWm ‘| ~mbH$m| ‘| Z¡{VH$Vm H$s
gm‘mݶ YmaUmAm| ¶m Z¡{VH$ {gÕmÝVm| Ho$ Hw$N> kmZ H$m {dH$mg hmo OmVm h¡&
 n¥îR> 44 d¥{Õ Ed§ {dH$mg Ho$ {d{^ÝZ Am¶m‘
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
3.7.5 Z¡{VH$ {dH$mg H$mo à^m{dV H$aZo dmbo H$maH$
pñH$Za d h¡ar‘Z Ho$ eãXm| ‘|-
Eogm H$moB© ^r nmR²>¶H«$‘ ¶m {d{Y Zht h¡, Omo OmXÿ go M[aÌ H$m {Z‘m©U H$a Xo& BgHo$
{dnarV, n[adma, Ym{‘©H$ g§ñWm, Iob Ho$ ‘¡XmZ ¶m [dÚmb¶ ‘| àmá {H$¶m OmZo dmbm
à˶oH$ AZw^d Mm[a{ÌH$ {dH$mg H$m Adga àXmZ H$aVm h¡&
M[aÌ Ho$ {dH$mg ‘| ¶moJ XoZo dmbo Cn[ad{U©V Ed§ Aݶ H$maH$m| H$m
g§{já dU©Z {ZåZ àH$ma h¡ -
1. d§emZwH«$‘
~mbH$ Ho$ Mm[a{ÌH$ {dH$mg H$m EH$ ‘w»¶ AmYma h¡-CgH$m d§emZwH«$‘& Bg
V϶ H$s nwpîQ>, d§emZwH«$‘ go àmá hmoZo dmbo ‘mZ{gH$ JwUm| H$m CXmhaU XoH$a
H$s Om gH$Vr h¡& Q>‘©Z Zo AnZo Aܶ¶Zm| go {gÕ {H$¶m h¡ {H$ àIa ~w{Õ
dmbo ~mbH$m| ‘| ‘ÝX ~w{Õ dmbo ~mbH$m| H$s Anojm g˶Vm, B©‘mZXmar Am¡a
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Bgr àH$ma Ho$ Aݶ Z¡{VH$ JwU H$ht A{YH$ hmoVo h¢& Bggo H$ma‘mBHo$b Zo ¶h
{ZîH$f© {ZH$mbm h¡-
loîR> ~w{Õ dmbo ~mbH$ {ZåZ ~w{Õ dmbo ~mbH$m| H$s Anojm CÎm‘ M[aÌ H$m {Z‘m©U
H$aZo Ho$ {bE A{YH$ AÀN>r n[apñW{V ‘| hmoVo h¢&
2. ‘mVm-{nVm H$m ÑpîQ>H$moU
~mbH$ Ho$ M[aÌ H$m {dH$mg ~hþV gr‘m VH$ CgHo$ ‘mVm-{nVm Ho$ ÑpîQ>H$moU
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na {Z^©a ahVm h¡& ¶{X do CgH$m {VañH$ma H$aVo h¢ ¶m CgHo$ à{V CXmgrZ
ahVo h¢, Vmo CgH$o M[aÌ H$m {dH$mg C{MV ¶m AZw{MV {H$gr ^r {Xem
‘| hmo gH$Vm h¡& na ¶{X do CgHo$ à{V ñZohnyU© ì¶dhma H$aVo h¢, CgH$s
Amdí¶H$VmAm| H$mo nyam H$aVo h¢ Am¡a gVH©$Vmnyd©H$ CgH$s XoI^mb H$aVo h¢,
Vmo CgHo$ M[aÌ ‘| loîR> JwUm| H$m àmXþ^m©d hmoVm h¡&
3. n[adma H$s Am{W©H$ pñW{V
Mm[a{ÌH$ {dH$mg H$mo n[adma H$s Am{W©H$ pñW{V {ZpíMV ê$n go à^m{dV
H$aVr h¡ na ¶h Amdí¶H$ Zht h¡ {H$ YZr n[adma Ho$ g^r ~mbH$ gÀM[aÌ
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Am¡a {ZY©Z n[adma Ho$ g^r ~mbH$ XþíM[aÌ hm|& BgH$m ñnîQ>rH$aU H$aVo hþE
H$ma‘mBHo$b Zo {bIm h¡-
¶{X ~mbH$ na CgHo$ A{^^mdH$m| H$m {ZarjU R>rH$ h¡ Am¡a ¶{X CgHo$ gmWr R>rH$
àH$ma Ho$ h¢, Vmo Cg na n[adma H$s Am{W©H$ pñW{V H$m à^md ~hþV H$‘ n‹S>Vm h¡&
4. n[adma H$m dmVmdaU
n[adma Ho$ dmVmdaU H$m ~mbH$ Ho$ Mm[a{ÌH$ {dH$mg go K{ZîR> gå~ÝY h¡&
¶{X n[adma ‘| H$moB© Z H$moB© {ZaÝVa amoJJ«ñV ahVm h¡, ¶{X Cg‘| ñdÀN>Vm H$mo
AZmdí¶H$ H$m¶© g‘Pm OmVm h¡, ¶{X Cg‘| ahZo H$m ñWmZ H$‘ h¢ Am¡a ¶{X
Cg‘| {Zdmg H$s CÎm‘ XemE± Zht h¡, Vmo ~mbH$ H$m Mm[a{ÌH$ {dH$mg {e{Wb
Am¡a {dH¥$V hmo OmVm h¡& Bgr{bE n[adma H$mo ~mbH$ Ho$ Mm[a{ÌH$ {dH$mg Ho$
{bE g~go A{YH$ ‘hÎdnyU© ‘mZVo hþE H$ma‘mBHo$b Zo {bIm h¡-
M[aÌ H$mo à^m{dV H$aZo dmbo dmVmdaU gå~ÝYr H$maH$m| H$s gyMr ‘| n[adma H$mo
àW‘ Am¡a g~go A{YH$ ‘hÎdnyU© ñWmZ {X¶m OmZm Mm{hE&
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
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5. n[adma Ho$ gXñ¶
~mbH$ Ho$ Mm[a{ÌH$ {dH$mg ‘| CgHo$ n[adma Ho$ gXñ¶m| H$m A{V ‘hÎdnyU©
ñWmZ h¡& ¶{X CZ‘| nmañn[aH$ H$Qw>Vm, B©î¶m© Am¡a d¡‘Zñ¶ Ho$ gå~ÝY h¢, Vmo
~mbH$ ‘| ^r A{Zdm¶© ê$n go BZ XþJw©Um| H$s CËn[Îm hmo OmVr h¡& BgHo$ {dnarV,
¶{X do em§{V, gh¶moJ Am¡a B©‘mZXmar H$m OrdZ ì¶VrV H$aVo h¢, Vmo ~mbH$ ‘|
^r gmYmaUV… ¶o JwU ÑpîQ>JV hmoVo h¢&
6. {dÚmb¶
{dÚmb¶ H$mo ~mbH$ Ho$ M[aÌ H$m {Z‘m©U Am¡a {dH$mg H$aZo H$m EH$ AgmYmaU
ñWmZ ‘mZm OmVm h¡& BgH$m H$maU ¶h h¡ {H$ ~mbH$ dhm± à{V{XZ 5 ¶m 6 KÊQ>o
ì¶VrV H$aVm h¡, ZmZm àH$ma Ho$ ~mbH$m| Ho$ gånH©$ ‘| AmVm h¡ Am¡a {d{^ÝZ
H$m¶©H«$‘m| Ed§ gm‘y{hH$ {H«$¶mAm| ‘| ^mJ boVm h¡& ’$bñdê$n, Cg‘| dm§N>Zr¶
¶m Adm§N>Zr¶ ÑpîQ>H$moUm| H$m {Z‘m©U hmoVm h¡ Am¡a CÝht Ho$ AZwgma dh AnZo
M[aÌ H$m ñdê$n {ZYm©[aV H$aVm h¡& {dÚmb¶ Hoo$ Bgr Anyd© ‘hÎd Ho$ H$maU
pñH$Za Ed§ h¡[a‘Z Zo {bIm h¡-
Mm[a{ÌH$ {dH$mg go gå~{ÝYV EH$ g~go ‘hÎdnyU© g§ñWm h¡-{dÚmb¶& n[adma Ho$
Abmdm Am¡a {H$gr ^r g§ñWm H$m ~mbH$ Ho$ OrdZ ‘| BVZm ‘hÎdnyU© ñWmZ Zht h¡&
7. {ejH$
~mbH$ Ho$ Mm[a{ÌH$ {dH$mg H$mo C{MV {Xem àXmZ H$aZo ‘| {ejH$ Ho$ ‘hÎd H$mo
gm‘mݶ ê$n go g^r ì¶p³V¶m| Ûmam ñdrH$ma {H$¶m OmVm h¡& BgH$m H$maU ¶h
h¡ {H$ ~mbH$ ~hþYm {H$gr-Z-{H$gr {ejH$ H$mo AnZm AmXe© ‘mZH$a CgH$m
AZwH$aU H$aZo bJVm h¡& AV… ¶{X {ejH$ CÎm‘ JwUm|, AmXem|© Am¡a ¶mo½¶VmAm|
dmbm ì¶p³V h¡, Vmo ~mbH$ ~hþV Hw$N> Cgr H$m à{Vê$n hmo OmVm h¡&
8. gmWr d g‘yh
Ka na àmapå^H$ OrdZ ì¶VrV H$aZo dmbo ~mbH$ na AnZo gm{W¶m| H$m à^md
~hþV hr H$‘ n‹S>Vm h¡& O¡go hr dh {ejm àmá H$aZo Ho$ {bE {H$gr {dÚmb¶ ‘|
àdoe H$aVm h¡, d¡go hr ¶h à^md àmaå^ hmo OmVm h¡ Am¡a {ZaÝVa ~Zm ahVm h¡&
H$^r-H$^r Cg na AnZo g‘yh Am¡a Iob Ho$ gm{W¶m| H$m BVZm Xÿ{fV à^md
n‹S>Vm h¡ {H$ dh AnZo ‘mVm-{nVm H$s BÀN>mAm| Ho$ {dê$Õ AmMaU H$aZo bJVm
h¡& Eogr Xem ‘| CgH$m Mm[a{ÌH$ {dH$mg dm§N>Zr¶ [Xem ‘| Zht hmo gH$Vm h¡&
9. Ym{‘©H$ {ejm
Ym{‘©H$ {ejm àmá H$aZo dmbo Am¡a Ym{‘©H$ g§ñWmAm| ‘| Aܶ¶Z H$aZo dmbo
~mbH$m| H$m M[aÌ, gm‘mݶ {dÚmb¶m§o ‘| {ejm J«hU H$aZo dmbo N>mÌm| go
loîR>Va hmoVm h¡& Bg gå~ÝY ‘| H«$mo Ed§ H«$mo H$m ‘V h¡-
Ym{‘©H$ {dÚmb¶m| ‘| {ejm àmá H$aZo dmbm ~mbH$ gm‘mݶ {dÚmb¶m| ‘| Aܶ¶Z
H$aZo dmbo ~mbH$ H$s Anojm B©‘mZXmar Am¡a Bgr àH$ma Ho$ Aݶ JwUm| Ho$ A{YH$ CÎm‘
à‘mU XoVm h¡&
10. Aݶ H$maH$
~mbH$ Ho$ Mm[a{ÌH$ {dH$mg H$mo à^m{dV H$aZo dmbo Aݶ H$maH$ h¡-ao{S>¶mo,
Q>obr{dOZ, Mb{MÌ, ‘Zmoa§OZ Ho$ gmYZ, H$hm{Z¶m±, g‘mMma nÌ, ñH$mCqQ>J
Am¡a g§ñH¥${V& BZHo$ gå~ÝY ‘| H«$mo Ed§ H«$mo Zo {bIm h¡-
 àJʶ d¥{Õ Ed§ {dH$mg Ho$ {d{^ÝZ Am¶m‘ n¥îR> 45

¶{X M[aÌ H$mo à^m{dV H$aZo dmbo Aݶ H$maH$ Xmofa{hV h¢, Vmo ¶o H$maH$, ~mbH$
Ho$ ÑpîQ>H$moU Ho$ ñdê$n Am¡a {dH$mg Ho$ {bE ^mar IVao Ho$ H$maU Zht h¡&
~mbH$ Ho$ Mm[a{ÌH$ {dH$mg H$mo à^m{dV H$aZo dmbo {OZ H$maH$m| H$m
h‘Zo AdbmoH$Z {H$¶m h¡, CZH$m gå~ÝY d§emZwH«$‘ Am¡a dmVmdaU XmoZm| go h¡&
XmoZm| H$mo g‘mZ ‘hÎd XoVo hþE H$ma‘mBHo$b Zo {bIm h¡-
{H$gr ^r AdñWm ‘| ì¶p³V H$m Mm[a{ÌH$ {dH$mg Hw$N> OÝ‘OmV H$maH$m| Am¡a
dmVmdaU gå~ÝYr XemAm| na AmYm[aV H$maH$m| Ho$ EH$sH$aU H$m n[aUm‘ h¡&
M[aÌ H$m {dH$mg Ho$db ì¶p³V Ho$ {bE hr Amdí¶H$ Zht h¡, amîQ´> Ho$
{bE ^r Amdí¶H$ h¡& S>m°. amYmH¥$îUZ Ho$ eãXm| ‘|-
~mbH$ Ho$ M[aÌ H$m {Z‘m©U EH$mH$r OrdZ ì¶VrV H$aZo go Zht, daZ²
Xÿgam| Ho$ g§nH©$ ‘| AmZo go hmoVm h¡& AV… {dÚmb¶ ‘| gm‘m{OH$ {H«$¶mAm| H$m
Am¶moOZ H$aHo$ ~mbH$ H$mo CZ‘| ^mJ booZo Ho$ {bE àmoËgm{hV H$aZm Mm{hE&
12. ‘¡³Sy>Jb Ho$ AZwgma-
AmË‘-gå‘mZ H$m ñWm¶r^md, M[aÌ h¡ Am¡a Z¡{VH$ ñWm¶r^mdm| ‘| gd©loîR>
h¡& AV… ~mbH$ ‘| Bg ñWm¶r^md H$mo nyU© ê$n go {dH${gV H$aZm Mm{hE&
13. d¡bÊQ>mBZ H$m H$WZ h¡-
‘Zwî¶ Hw$N> ñWm¶r^mdm| H$m {OVZm A{YH$ g§JR>Z H$aVm h¡, CVZm hr
A{YH$ dh AnZo M[aÌ H$s A{^ì¶p³V H$aVm h¡&

^maV g{hV g‘ñV {díd Ho$ H$îQ>m| H$m H$maU ¶h h¡ {H$ {ejm H$m gå~ÝY Z¡{VH$ AV… ~mbH$ ‘| A{YH$ go A{YH$ ñWm¶r^mdm| H$m g§JR>Z
Am¡a AmܶmpË‘H$ ‘yë¶m| H$s àm{á go Z ahH$a Ho$db ‘pñVîH$ Ho$ {dH$mg go ah J¶m h¡& H$aZo Ho$ {bE AJ«{b{IV H$m¶© {H$¶o OmZo Mm{hE- (1) CÀM AmXem]
AV… {ejm H$m EH$‘mÌ CÔoí¶ M[aÌ {dH$mg hmoZm Mm{hE& M[aÌ H$m {dH$mg Cn¶w³V Am¡a bú¶m| Ho$ {bE àoaUm XoZm, (2) ‘hmZ² ì¶p³V¶m| Ho$ {dMmam| Am¡a
dmVmdaU, AÀN>r AmXVm| Ho$ {Z‘m©U, Z¡{VH$Vm H$m {dH$mg, g§H$ën ep³V Ho$ {dH$mg
AmXem] go n[a{MV H$amZm, (3) à{gÕ d¡km{ZH$m|, loîR> gm{h˶H$mam|
go hmo gH$Vm h¡&
Am{X H$s Ord{Z¶m± gwZmZm, (4) H$m¶© Am¡a {gÕmÝV Ho$ CÎm‘ CXmhaU
àñVwV H$aZm Am{X&
3.7.6 M[aÌ {Z‘m©U ‘| {ejm H$m H$m¶© ¶{X {dÚmb¶ Cn¶w©³V H$m¶m] H$mo gånÝZ Zht H$aVm h¡, Vmo dh ~mbH$
pñH$Za d h¡ar‘Z Ho$ eãXm| ‘|-
Ho$ M[aÌ H$m {Z‘m©U H$aZo ‘| H$Xm{n g’$b Zht hmo gH$Vm h¡& AV… Bg ~mV H$s
Bg ~mV go H$moB© à¶moOZ Zht h¡ {H$ {ejm H$hm± Xr OmVr h¡ ¶m {H$g àH$ma Xr na‘ Amdí¶H$Vm h¡ {H$ {dÚmb¶ H$s {ejm Bg àH$ma {Z¶mo{OV H$s Om¶o {H$
OmVr h¡& ~mbH$ H$mo Xr OmZo dmbr g~ {ejm H$mo CgHo$ M[aÌ-{Z‘m©Êm ‘| A{Zdm¶©
ê$n go ¶moJXmZ XoZm Mm{hE&
dh ~mbH$ Ho$ M[aÌ H$m {Z‘m©U H$aHo$, CgH$s ^mdr g’$bVm H$m ‘mJ© àeñV
H$ao& ZoeZb gmogmBQ>r H$s B©¶a~wH$ ‘| A§{H$V Bg dm³¶ ‘| A‘a g˶ h¡ {H$-
{ejm H$mo ~mbH$ Ho$ M[aÌ-{Z‘m©U ‘| ¶moJ XoZo Ho$ {bE AZoH$ {d{Y¶m|
{dÚmb¶ H$mo ¶h MwZm¡Vr h¡ {H$ dh ~mbH$ Ho$ Cn¶w³V à{ejU Ho$ {bE g~go A{YH$
H$mo AnZm¶m Om gH$Vm h¡, Omo {ZåZ{b{IV h¡- Cn¶moJr n[apñW{V¶m| H$m {Z‘m©U H$ao&
1. ~mbH$ H$mo {Z¶{‘V ê$n go Z¡{VH$ {ejm XoZr Mm{hE&
2. ~mbH$ Ho$ AÀN>o {dMmam|, BÀN>mAm| Am¡a àd¥[Îm¶m§o H$mo àmoËgm{hV
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3. ~mbH$ H$mo CÎm‘ dmVmdaU ‘| aIH$a, Cg‘| Z¡{VH$ JwUm| H$m {dH$mg
H$aZm Mm{hE& AJa Amn B.Ed, D.Ed, BSTC ¶m {ejU AܶmnZ Ho$ joÌ ‘| n‹T>mB© H$a aho h¢ Vmo
4. ~mbH$ H$mo Eogo dmVmdaU ‘| aIZm Mm{hE, {Og‘§o Cg‘| ^¶, K¥Um, Amngo {ZdoXZ h¡ {H$ {ZåZ{b{IV Whatsapp No. AnZr H$jm Ho$ ìhmQ²>gEn Jw«n ‘|
H«$moY Am{X Ho$ g‘mZ Adm§N>Zr¶ ñWm¶r^md CËnÝZ Z hm|& Omo‹S>|& AJa AmnH$m ìhmQ²>gEn Jw«n Zht ~Zm hþAm h¡ Vmo H¥$n¶m H$‘ go H$‘ 20 {dÚmWu
5. ~mbH$ Ho$ à{V ào‘, X¶m Am¡a ghmZw^y{V H$m ì¶dhma H$aHo$, Cg‘| {‘bH$a ìhmQ²>gEn Jw«n ~Zm b|&
UPTET - 95301 43210
BZ ñWm¶r^mdm| H$mo CËnÝZ H$aZm Mm{hE&
MP Samvida - 95302 43210
6. ~mbH$ H$s ‘ybàd¥[Îm¶m| H$m X‘Z Zht H$aZm Mm{hE& Eogm H$aZo go BTET - 95302 43210
CgHo$ ‘pñVîH$ ‘| J«pÝW¶m± ~Z OmVr h¡& ’$bñdê$n, Cg‘| XþJw©U UTET - 72209 29294
Am¡a ~war àd¥[Îm¶m± CËnÝZ hmo OmVr h¡& JTET - 72209 29239
7. ~mbH$ H$s ‘ybàd¥[Îm¶m| H$m emoYZ, ê$n-n[adV©Z Am¡a à{ejU HTET - 72209 29266
H$aHo$ CÎm‘ g§doJm| H$m {Z‘m©U H$aZm Mm{hE& CGTET - 72209 28969
8. ~mbH$ H$mo jwÐ ñWm¶r ^mdm| Ho$ D$na CR>mZo Ho$ {bE Cg‘| CÎm‘ HPTET - 72209 28535
AmXem], gX²JwUm| Am¡a A‘yV© ñWm¶r^mdm| H$m {Z‘m©U H$aZm Mm{hE&
9. ~mbH$ ‘| AÀN>r AmXVm| H$m {Z‘m©U H$aZm Mm{hE Am¡a CgH$s AmnHo$ ³bmg Ho$ ìhmQ²>gEn Jw«n ‘| {ejm g§~§Yr g^r à{V¶moJr narjm Ho$ nong©, ‘m°S>b
BÀN>m-ep³V H$mo Ñ‹T> ~ZmZo H$m à¶mg H$aZm Mm{hE& nong© Ed§ Aݶ Aܶ¶Z gm‘J«r ^oOr OmEJr& AmnH$m ewê$ go ‘mJ©Xe©Z {H$¶m OmEJm,
10. ~mbH$ Ho$ M[aÌ H$m {dH$mg H$aZo Ho$ {bE CgHo$, ì¶p³VËd Ho$ g~ Vm{H$ Amn à{V¶moJr narjm ‘| A{VerK« g’$bVm àmá H$a gH|$&
A§Jm| H$m {dH$mg H$aZm Mm{hE&
11. pñH$Za Ed§ h¡[a‘Z Ho$ AZwgma-

~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
 n¥îR> 46 d¥{Õ Ed§ {dH$mg Ho$ {d{^ÝZ Am¶m‘ àJʶ
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Aä¶mgmW© àíZ 10. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgm {dH$mg N>moQ>o ~ÀMm| ‘| ‘mZ{gH$ d g§kmZmË‘H$
{dH$mg ‘| gdm©{YH$ ‘XXJma hmoVm h¡?
(1) gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg (2) emar[aH$ {dH$mg
(3) gm§do{JH$ {dH$mg (4) ^mfm¶r {dH$mg
1. ‘mZd {dH$mg H$mo joÌm| ‘| {d^m{OV {H$¶m OmVm h¡, Omo h¢-
(1) emar[aH$, AmܶmpË‘H$, g§kmZmË‘H$ Am¡a gm‘m{OH$
11. {H$gr N>mÌ H$m ~m¡{ÕH$ {dH$mg, emar[aH$ {dH$mg VWm g§doJmË‘H$
(2) emar[aH$, g§kmZmË‘H$, g§doJmË‘H$ Am¡a gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg CgH$s {dH$mg H$s à{H«$¶m H$m H$m¡Zgm H$maH$ h¡?
(3) g§doJmË‘H$, g§kmZmË‘H$, AmܶmpË‘H$ Am¡a gm‘m{OH$-‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ (1) AmÝV[aH$ H$maH$ (2) ~mø H$maH$
(4) ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$, g§kmZmË‘H$, g§doJmË‘H$ Am¡a emar[aH$ (3) 1 Ed§ 2 XmoZm| (4) BZ‘| go H$moB© Zht

2. am°g Zo ‘mZd {dH$mg H$mo ~m±Q>m h¡- 12. ~mbH$ Ho$ gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg ‘| g~go ‘hÎdnyU© H$maH$ H$m¡Zgm h¡?
(1) 2 ^mJm| ‘| (2) 4 ^mJm| ‘| (1) Om{V ^oX
(3) 6 ^mJm| ‘| (4) 10 ^mJm| ‘| (2) AmZwd§{eH$Vm
(3) dmVmdaU

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3. {ejm H$s X¥pîQ> goo ‘mZd {dH$mg H$m {ZåZ nj g~go A{YH$ ‘hÎdnyU© h¡- (4) AmZwd§{eH$Vm VWm dmVmdaU
(1) emar[aH$ (2) ‘mZ{gH$
(3) gm‘m{OH$ (4) g§doJmË‘H$ 13. g§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mg Ho$ V϶naH²$ Aܶ¶Z go gå~pÝYV ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$
h¢-
4. AdYmaUmAm| H$m {dH$mg ‘w»¶ ê$n go .......... H$m {hñgm h¡& (1) {~«OoO (2) habm°H$
(1) ~m¡{ÕH$ {dH$mg (2) emar[aH$ {dH$mg (3) bobo (4) Wm°ångZ
(3) gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg (4) g§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mg
14. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgm ~mbH$ Ho$ gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg H$mo à^m{dV
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5. ~ÀMm| Ho$ g§kmZmË‘H$ {dH$mg H$mo g~go AÀN>o VarHo$ go H$hm± n[a^m{fV Zht H$aVm h¡?
{H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡? (1) ~w{Õ
(1) Iob Ho$ ‘¡XmZ ‘| (2) {dÚmb¶ Ed§ H$jm ‘| (2) VH©$ ep³V
(3) Am°{S>Q>mo[a¶‘ ‘| (4) J¥h ‘| (3) ^mfm à¶moJ H$s j‘Vm
(4) Cnamo³V ‘| go H$moB© Zht
6. bm°aoÝg H$moh²b~J© ........... {dH$mg Ho$ joÌ ‘| emoY Ho$ {bE OmZo
OmVo h¢& 15. {ZåZ ‘§o go H$m¡Zgm H$maH$ {eew Ho$ emar[aH$ {dH$mg H$mo à{VHy$b T>§J
(1) g§kmZmË‘H$ (2) emar[aH$ go à^m{dV H$aVm h¡?
(3) Z¡{VH$ (4) Jm‘H$ (1) Iob Ed§ ì¶m¶m‘
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(2) gÝVw{bV Amhma Ed§ nmofU

7. BÝS>moH«$mBZ ½b¡ÊS> Ho$ {dH$mg go hmoVm h¡- (3) {Z¶{‘V {XZM¶m© ‘| {dMbZ
(1) emar[aH$ {dH$mg (2) ‘m±gnoer¶ {dH$mg (4) amoJ J«ñVVm
(3) g§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mg (4) Cn¶w©³V g^r
16. ~ÀMo H$o C{MV {dH$mg H$mo gw{ZpíMV H$aZo Ho$ {bE CgH$m ñdñW
8. emar[aH$ {dH$mg H$m AmYma h¡? emar[aH$ {dH$mg EH$ ‘hÎdnyU© nyd© Amdí¶H$Vm h¡& ¶h H$WZ-
(1) Z¡{VH$ {dH$mg (2) gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg (1) JbV hmo gH$Vm h¡, ³¶m|[H$ {dH$mg {ZVmÝV ì¶p³VJV ‘m‘bm h¡&
(3) ^mfm {dH$mg (4) ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg (2) ghr h¡, ³¶m|{H$ {dH$mg-H«$‘ ‘| emar[aH$ {dH$mg g~go nhbo ñWmZ na
9. ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg H$m nhby Zht h¡- AmVm h¡&
(1) gåà˶¶ {Z‘m©U (3) ghr h¡, ³¶m|{H$ emar[aH$ {dH$mg, {dH$mg Ho$ Aݶ njm| Ho$ gmW AÝV…
(2) g§doXZm d à˶jrH$aU gå~pÝYV h¡&
(3) ñ‘aU ep³V (4) JbV h¡, ³¶m|{H$ emar[aH$ {dH$mg, {dH$mg Ho$ Aݶ njm| H$mo {H$gr ^r
(4) ZmJ[aH$ JwUm| H$m {dH$mg àH$ma go à^m{dV Zhr§ H$aVm&

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16.

(4) (2) (2) (1) (2) (3) (3) (4) (4) (2) (1) (3) (1) (4) (4) (3)

~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
 àJʶ d¥{Õ Ed§ {dH$mg Ho$ {d{^ÝZ Am¶m‘ n¥îR> 47

17. 12-14 df© H$s Am¶w Ho$ ~rM .......... H$s Anojm .......... H$s bå~mB© (2) à˶oH$ ‘mh CZH$m dOZ Vm¡b|Jo&
Ed§ ‘m±gno{e¶m| ‘| VoOr go d¥{Õ hmoVr h¡, Ed§ 14-18 df© H$s Am¶w Ho$ (3) à˶oH$ ‘mh CZH$s ê${M¶m|, AmXVm|, ÑpîQ>H$moUm|, ñd^md, ì¶p³VËd,
~rM ........... H$s Anojm ........... H$s bå~mB© Ed§ ‘m±gno{e¶m± VoμOr ì¶dhma Am{X ‘| hmoZo dmbo n[adV©Zm| H$s Om±M H$a|Jo&
go ~‹T>Vr h¢& (4) à˶oH$ ‘mh CZHo$ emar[aH$ AmH$ma ‘| hmoZo dmbo n[adV©Z H$s Om±M H$a|Jo&
(1) b‹S>{H$¶m|, b‹S>H$m|; b‹S>H$m|, b‹S>{H$¶m|
23. ~mbH$ H$m g§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mg {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go {H$go à^m{dV H$aVm
(2) b‹S>H$m|, b‹S>{H$¶mo§; b‹S>{H$¶m|, b‹S>H$m|
h¡?
(3) b‹S>H$m|, b‹S>{H$¶m|; b‹S>H$m|, b‹S>H$m|
1. CgHo$ emar[aH$ {dH$mg H$mo
(4) b‹S>{H$¶m|, b‹S>H$m|; b‹S>{H$¶m|, b‹S>H$m|
2. CgHo$ gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg H$mo
18. H$m¡Zgr nmR²>¶M¶m© gdm©{YH$ Cn¶w³V hmoJr? 3. CgHo$ Z¡{VH$ {dH$mg H$mo
(1) ~mbH$ Ho$ emar[aH$ d ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg Ho$ AÝVg©å~ÝYm| Ho$ AZwHy$b (1) Ho$db 1 (2) 1 Ed§ 3
(2) Xoe H$s gä¶Vm-g§ñH¥${V Ho$ AZwHy$b (3) 2 Ed§ 3 (4) ¶o g^r
(3) ~mbH$ Ho$ emar[aH$ Ed§ gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg Ho$ AÝVg©å~ÝYm| Ho$ AZwHy$b
24. g^r ~ÀMm| H$m ñdñW emar[aH$ {dH$mg g^r àH$ma Ho$ {dH$mg H$s
(4) Cnamo³V ‘| go H$moB© Zht
nhbr eV© h¡& BgHo$ {bE {H$Z ‘yb Amdí¶H$VmAm| na ܶmZ XoZm
19. g^r ~ÀMm| H$s ñdVÝÌ Iobm|, AZm¡nMm[aH$ d Am¡nMm[aH$ Iobm|, ¶moJ Amdí¶H$ h¡?
Am¡a Iob H$s J{V{d{Y¶m| ‘| gh^m{JVm ³¶m| Amdí¶H$ h¡? 1. nm¡pîQ>H$ Amhma na
(1) emar[aH$ {dH$mg Ho$ {bE 2. emar[aH$ ì¶m¶m‘ na
(2) ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg Ho$ {bE 3. ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ Ed§ gm‘m{OH$ Oê$aVm| na
(3) gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg Ho$ {bE (1) Ho$db 1 (2) 1 Ed§ 3
(4) Cnamo³V g^r (3) 1 Ed§ 2 (4) ¶o g^r

20. ~mb-{dH$mg Ho$ [d{^ÝZ Am¶m‘ Ed§ BZHo$ A{YJ‘ go gå~ÝY Ho$ 25. O~ {H$emoa ‘| {H$gr dñVw, g‘ñ¶m ¶m n[apñW{V Ho$ {bE {ZOr ñVa
gÝX^© ‘| {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgm H$WZ Ag˶ h¡? na {ZU©¶ boZo H$s j‘Vm H$m {dH$mg n[an³d hmoZo bJVm h¡, Vmo Bg
(1) {dH$mg Ho$ {d{^ÝZ Am¶m‘m| H$m Amng ‘| K{ZîR> gå~ÝY h¡ Ed§ ¶o {dH$mg H$mo ³¶m H$hVo h¢?
A{YJ‘ H$mo à^m{dV H$aVo h¢& (1) ^mfm¶r {dH$mg
(2) ~mbH$m| H$m {dH$mg, Ed§ A{YJ‘ EH$ {ZaÝVa à{H«$¶m h¡& (2) g§kmZmË‘H$ {dH$mg
(3) emar[aH$ {dH$mg, {deofH$a N>moQ>o ~ÀMm| ‘| ‘mZ{gH$ d (3) gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg
g§kmZmË‘H$ {dH$mg ‘| ‘XXJma h¡& (4) ‘ZmoJ˶mË‘H$ {dH$mg
(4) Cnamo³V ‘| go H$moB© Zht
26. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Z-gm H$WZ g˶ h¡?
21. AmnH$s H$jm H$m EH$ N>mÌ, amOy emar[aH$ {dH$mg H$s ÑpîQ> go H$m’$s (1) ÑpîQ>H$moU, ^mdZmE± Am¡a AmXe©, g§kmZmË‘H$ {dH$mg Ho$ A{^ÝZ {hñgo
{nN>‹S>m hþAm h¡& AmnH$mo {dH$mg Ho$ {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go {H$g Am¶m‘ ‘| h¢ Am¡a ^mfm {dH$mg, ‘mZ{gH$ {MÌU, AdYmaUmAm| d Vm{H©$H$Vm go
amOy Ho$ {nN>‹S>Zo H$s {MÝVm hmo gH$Vr h¡? BZH$m Jham gå~ÝY h¡&
1. g§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mg (2) g^r ~ÀMm| H$m ñdñW emar[aH$ {dH$mg g^r àH$ma Ho$ {dH$mg H$s
2. ~m¡{ÕH$ {dH$mg nhbr eV© Zht h¡&
3. gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg (3) ‘mZ{gH$ Am¡a ^mfm¶r {dH$mg, gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg Ed§ A{YJ‘ H$mo
(1) Ho$db 1 (2) Ho$db 2 Aà˶j ê$n go à^m{dV H$aVo h¢&
(3) 1 Ed§ 3 (4) ¶o g^r (4) ~mbH$ Ho$ gÝVw{bV {dH$mg ‘| CgHo$ g§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mg H$s Zht ~pëH$
emar[aH$ {dH$mg H$s Ah‘² ^y{‘H$m hmoVr h¡&
22. Amn AnZr H$jm ‘| go Hw$N> N>mÌmo§ H$mo MwZH$a N>… ‘hrZo ‘| CZ‘| hmoZo
dmbo {dH$mg H$s EH$ [anmoQ>© V¡¶ma H$aZm MmhVo h¢, Vmo BgHo$ {bE Amn 27. ~ÀMm| Ho$ ~m¡{ÕH$ {dH$mg H$s Mma {d{eîQ> AdñWmAm| H$s nhMmZ H$s
{ZåZ ‘| go ³¶m MwZ|Jo? JB©-
(1) à˶oH$ ‘mh CZH$s bå~mB© ‘mn|Jo& (1) pñH$Za Ûmam (2) {n¶mOo Ûmam
(3) H$moh²b~J© Ûmam (4) E[aH$gZ Ûmam
17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27.
(2) (1) (4) (4) (4) (3) (4) (4) (2) (1) (2)

~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
 n¥îR> 48 d¥{Õ Ed§ {dH$mg Ho$ {d{^ÝZ Am¶m‘ àJʶ
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
28. {nV¥ {damoYr d ‘mV¥ {damoYr J«pÝW¶m± {dH${gV hmoVr h¡- 37. AÀN>o M[aÌ ‘| gpå‘{bV h¡-
(1) e¡edmdñWm ‘| (2) ~më¶mdñWm ‘| (1) gh¶moJ (2) YmoIm
(3) {H$emoamdñWm ‘| (4) H$^r Zht (3) PyR> (4) ~oB‘mZr

29. {H$emoam| Ho$ g‘w{MV {dH$mg Ho$ {bE Amdí¶H$ h¡- 38. OÝ‘ Ho$ g‘¶ {eew Ho$ ‘pñVîH$ H$m Am¡gV ^ma {H$VZm hmoVm h¡?
(1) gXmMma H$m {ejU (2) AmXe© {ejU (1) bJ^J 400 J«m‘ (2) bJ^J 350 J«m‘
(3) Z¡{VH$ {ejU (4) Cnamo³V g^r (3) bJ^J 500 J«m‘ (4) bJ^J 600 J«m‘

30. {H$emoamdñWm ‘| gm§do{JH$ {dH$mg H$s {deofVm Zht h¡- 39. ¶{X EH$ ~mbH$ e¡edmdñWm ‘| Xþ~©b h¡ VWm dh OëXr-OëXr ~r‘ma
(1) g§doJm| H$m n[an³d hmoZm hmo OmVm h¡, Vmo CgH$m emar[aH$ {dH$mg {H$g àH$ma à^m{dV hmoJm?
(2) g§doJm| H$m Vrd« hmoZm (1) gm‘mݶ T>§J go
(3) g§doJm| H$m IwbH$a àXe©Z (2) A{ZpíMV T>§J go
(4) g§doJm| H$m AñnîQ> hmoZm (3) à{VHy$b T>§J go
(4) H$h Zht gH$Vo h¢&

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31. {n¶mOo Ho$ AZwgma g§kmZmË‘H$ ~mb {dH$mg H$s {H$VZr AdñWmE± h¡?
(1) 3 (2) 4 40. {eew Ho$ OÝ‘ Ho$ ^ma H$s VwbZm Ho$ gÝX^© ‘§o N>… ‘mh ~mX {H$VZo
(3) 5 (4) 6 JwZm d¥{Õ hmoJr? ~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15
(1) bJ^J VrZ JwZr {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo
32. {~J d h§Q> Ho$ AZwgma ........... H$s {deofVmAm| H$mo gdm}Îm‘ ê$n go
(2) bJ^J XmoJwZr gbmh Xr OmVr h¡ {H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s
춳V H$aZo dmbm EH$ eãX h¡ n[adV©Z& n[adV©Z emar[aH$, gm‘m{OH$ (3) bJ^J nm±M JwZr PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ>
Am¡a ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ hmoVm h¡& (4) bJ^J Mma JwZr www.praganya.org
(1) e¡edmdñWm (2) ~më¶mdñWm go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
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(3) {H$emoamdñWm (4) àm¡‹T>mdñWm 41. EH$ {eew eãXm| H$m CÀMmaU H$aZm H$~ go àmaå^ H$aVm h¡?
(1) bJ^J 2 df© H$s Am¶w go
33. ~mbH$ Ho$ emar[aH$ d {H«$¶mË‘H$ {dH$mg H$s {Xem hmoVr h¡- (2) bJ^J 18 ‘mh H$m hmo OmZo na
(1) {ga go n¡a VWm eara Ho$ ~mha go ‘ܶ H$s Amoa (3) bJ^J 5 df© H$s Am¶w go
(2) {ga go n¡a VWm eara Ho$ ‘ܶ go ~mha H$s Amoa (4) bJ^J 3 df© H$s Am¶w go
(3) n¡a go {ga VWm eara Ho$ ~mha go ‘ܶ H$s Amoa
(4) n¡a go {ga VWm eara Ho$ ‘ܶ go ~mha H$s Amoa 42. ~mbH$m| H$mo gm‘mݶ {eîQ>mMma Ho$ {Z¶‘m| H$s OmZH$mar H$m {dH$mg
gm‘mݶVm {H$g Am¶w ‘| hmo OmVm h¡?
34. EH$ ~ÀMm B©î¶m© H$m àXe©Z H$aVm h¡- (1) bJ^J 5-6 df© H$s Am¶w ‘|
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(1) 6 ‘mh H$s Am¶w ‘| (2) bJ^J 4 df© H$s Am¶w ‘|

(2) 12 ‘mh H$s Am¶w ‘| (3) bJ^J 9-10 df© H$s Am¶w ‘|
(3) 18 ‘mh H$s Am¶w ‘| (4) bJ^J 7-8 df© H$s Am¶w ‘|
(4) 24 ‘mh H$s Am¶w ‘|
43. àm¶… 15 go boH$a 20 df© H$s Am¶w ‘| ~mbH$m| Ho$ g§kmZmË‘H$ {dH$mg
35. {nV¥ {damoYr J«pÝW Ho$ H$maU ~mbH$- H$s AdñWm .......... hmoVr h¡&
(1) ‘mVm go ào‘ H$aVm h¡, {nVm go K¥Um
(1) ݶyZV‘ (2) CÀMV‘
(2) {nVm go ào‘ H$aVm h¡, ‘mVm go K¥Um
(3) A{ZpíMV (4) Am¡gVZ
(3) ‘mVm-{nVm XmoZm| go ào‘ H$aVm h¡&
(4) ‘mVm-{nVm XmoZm| go K¥Um H$aVm h¡& 44. àm¶… {H$emoamdñWm ‘| {ZåZ ‘| go H$m¡Zgm/go n[adV©Z X¥pîQ>JmoMa hmoVo
h¡/h¢?
36. {nV¥ {damoYr J«pÝW H$mo {H$g Zm‘ go OmZm OmVm h¡?
(1) eara Ho$ A§Jmo ‘| (2) {eîQ>mMma Ho$ T>§J ‘|o
(1) {b{~S>mo (2) Zma{gÁ‘
(3) ñda ‘| (4) Cn¶w©³V g^r ‘|
(3) BamoO (4) Am{S>ng H$m°ånbo³g

28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44.
(1) (4) (4) (2) (3) (2) (1) (1) (4) (1) (2) (3) (2) (4) (4) (2) (4)

~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
 àJʶ d¥{Õ Ed§ {dH$mg Ho$ {d{^ÝZ Am¶m‘ n¥îR> 49

45. {H$emoamdñWm ‘| {H$emoa àm¶… {M‹S>{M‹S>m hmo OmVm h¡& AmnHo$ {dMma ‘| 52. {H$g Am¶w dJ© Ho$ {bE narH$Wm gm{h˶ (H$hm{Z¶m±) A{YH$ Cn¶w³V
BgH$m ‘w»¶ H$maU h¡- ‘mZm OmVm h¢?
(1) CgH$s {JZVr Z N>moQ>m| ‘| Am¡a Z hr ~‹S>m| ‘| hmoVr h¡& (1) ~mbH$ Am¶w dJ© Ho$ {bE
(2) CgH$s àd¥{Îm nyU© ñdVÝÌVm àmßV H$aZo H$s hmoVr h¡& (2) {eew Am¶w dJ© Ho$ {bE
(3) CgH$s emar[aH$ g§aMZm AgÝVw{bV àVrV hmoZo bJVr h¡& (3) d¥Õ Am¶w dJ© Ho$ {bE
(4) Cn¶w©³V g^r (4) {H$emoa Am¶w dJ© Ho$ {bE

46. {H$emoa ~mbH$m| H$s VwbZm ‘| {H$emo[a¶m| ‘| {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgr 53. {ZåZ ‘| go {H$g AdñWm Ho$ Xm¡amZ emar[aH$ {dH$mg H$s Vrd«Vm Ho$
¶mo½¶VmE± AnojmH¥$V A{YH$ ‘mÌm ‘| CnpñWV ahVr h¢? Xe©Z hmoVo h¢?
(1) H$m¶m©Ë‘H$ ¶mo½¶VmE± (1) ~më¶mdñWm Ho$ Xm¡amZ
(2) ^mfm gå~ÝYr ¶mo½¶VmE± (2) {H$emoamdñWm Ho$ Xm¡amZ
(3) d¡km{ZH$ ¶mo½¶VmE± (3) e¡edmdñWm Ho$ Xm¡amZ
(4) {MÝVZ ¶mo½¶VmE± (4) Cn¶w©³V ‘| go H$moB© Zht

47. Xmo df© H$s Am¶w VH$ ~mbH$ Ho$ eãX ^ÊS>ma ‘| {H$VZo eãXm| VH$ d¥{Õ 54. emar[aH$ {dH$mg H$m gå~ÝY {ZåZ ‘| go {H$ggo Zht h¡?
hmo OmVr h¡? (1) {ga Ed§ ‘pñVîH$ go (2) eara Ho$ ^ma go
(1) 110 eãXm| VH$ (2) 100 eãXmo§ VH$ (3) a³V àdmh go (4) h{S²>S>¶m| go
(3) 160 eãXmo§ VH$ (4) 150 eãXm| VH$
55. Am¶w Ho$ {H$Z dfm] VH$ A{YH$Va ~ÀMm| Ho$ g^r 20 XÿY Ho$ Xm±V
48. ~mbH$m§o ‘| VH©$, {Okmgm Ed§ {ZarjU ep³V H$m {dH$mg hmoVm h¡- {ZH$b OmVo h¢?
(1) 13 df© H$s Am¶w ‘| (1) 2 go 2.5 df© (2) 3 go 3.5 df©
(2) 16 df© H$s Am¶w ‘| (3) 2.5 go 3 df© (4) 3.5 go 4 df©
(3) 11 df© H$s Am¶w ‘|
(4) Cn¶w©³V ‘| go {H$gr ‘| ^r Zht 56. {H$g AdñWm ‘| Xm±V ~ZZm ewê$ hmoVo h¢?
(1) OÝ‘ go nyd© (2) e¡edmdñWm
49. {eew H«$moY Ed§ ào‘nyU© ì¶dhma ‘| {d^oX àmaå^ H$a XoVm h¡- (3) ~më¶mdñWm (4) H$moB© Zht
(1) ~më¶mdñWm ‘|
(2) e¡edmdñWm ‘| 57. ‘pñVîH$ Ho$ ~mE± AÕ©Jmob ^mJ go hmoVm h¡-
(3) ¶wdmdñWm ‘| (1) g§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mg ~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg
nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m
(4) {H$emoamdñWm ‘| (2) g§kmZmË‘H$ {dH$mg h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
(3) ^mfmË‘H$ {dH$mg àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ>
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50. {H$g df© H$s Am¶w VH$ ~mbH$ H$m gm‘m{OH$ ì¶dhma AmË‘Ho$pÝÐV (4) Cn¶w©³V g^r na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF
S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
~Zm ahVm h¡?
(1) bJ^J 5 df© H$s Am¶w VH$ 58. gmV df© H$s Am¶w VH$ nhþ±MVo-nhþ±MVo EH$ gm‘mݶ ~mbH$ H$m eãX
(2) bJ^J 7 df© H$s Am¶w VH$ ^ÊS>ma hmo OmVm h¡-
(3) bJ^J 3 df© H$s Am¶w VH$ (1) 1000 eãX (2) 6000 eãX
(4) bJ^J OrdZn¶©ÝV (3) 11000 eãX (4) 16000 eãX

51. {H$emoamdñWm ‘| {ZåZ ‘| go {H$gHo$ Ûmam, {dnarV b¢{JH$ AmH$f©U H$s 59. {H$g AdñWm ‘| ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg ~hþV Vrd« J{V go hmoVm h¡?
^mdZm H$m àXe©Z {H$¶m OmVm h¡? (1) {H$emoamdñWm (2) àm¡‹T>mdñWm
(1) AmH$f©H$, ^‹S>H$sbo n[aYmZm| Ho$ Ûmam (3) ~më¶mdñWm (4) e¡edmdñWm
(2) g‘yh ZoV¥Ëd Ûmam 60. EH$ ZdOmV {eew H$m H$X (D±$MmB©) {H$VZm hmoVm h¡?
(3) gm¡ÝX¶m©Ë‘H$ ZwñIm| Ho$ Ûmam (1) 19 B§M (2) 20 B§M
(4) Cn¶w©³V g^r Ho$ Ûmam (3) 12 B§M (4) 22 B§M

45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59. 60.
(4) (2) (2) (3) (2) (3) (4) (2) (3) (3) (1) (1) (3) (2) (3) (2)

~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
 n¥îR> 50 d¥{Õ Ed§ {dH$mg Ho$ {d{^ÝZ Am¶m‘ àJʶ
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
61. EH$ ZdOmV {eew H$m ^ma {H$VZm hmoVm h¡?
(1) 6 nmCÊS> (2) 7 nmCÊS>
(3) 8 nmCÊS> (4) 9 nmCÊS> àJʶ àH$meZ Ûmam CTET Ed§ à˶oH$ amÁ¶ Ho$ TET (UPTET, MP Samvida,
BTET, UTET, JTET, HTET, CGTET, HPTET) Ho$ {bE ‘m°S>b nona H$s
62. EH$ {eew ‘| {H$VZr h{S²>S>¶m± hmoVr h¡? ’«$s PDF àH$m{eV H$s OmVr h¡& ‘m°S>b nona H$s ’«$s PDF àmá H$aZo Ho$ {bE {ZåZ{b{IV
(1) 270 (2) 350 Whatsapp No. AnZo H$m°boO Ho$ ³bmg J«wn ¶m H$moqMJ Ho$ ³bmg Jw«n ¶m Aݶ ñQ>S>r Jw«n ‘|
(3) 206 (4) 250 Om|S>o& AmnHo$ J«wn ‘| ‘m°S>b nona ^ooO {XE OmE±J|&
REET - 94604 43210
63. AñWm¶r Xm±V {ZH$bZo ewê$ hmoVo h¢- UPTET - 95301 43210
(1) 6 go 8 ‘mh ‘| (2) 7 go 9 ‘mh ‘| MP Samvida - 95302 43210
(3) 8 go 10 ‘mh ‘| (4) BZ‘| go H$moB© Zht BTET - 95302 43210
UTET - 72209 29294
64. OÝ‘ go àmßV H$X bJ^J XþJwZm hmo OmVm h¡- JTET - 72209 29239
(1) 4 df© ‘| (2) 5 df© ‘| HTET - 72209 29266

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(3) 6 df© ‘| (4) 7 df© ‘| CGTET - 72209 28969
HPTET - 72209 28535
65. ~m{bH$mAm| H$m ^mfm {dH$mg ~mbH$m| go AmJo ahVm h¢-
(1) g^r AdñWmAm| ‘| (2) e¡edmdñWm ‘|
(3) ~më¶mdñWm ‘| (4) {H$emoamdñWm ‘|

66. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgr n[apñW{V ‘| ~ÀMo H$m g§doJmË‘H$ Ed§

gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg, AÀN>o go hmoJm?
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(1) O~ ~ÀMo H$mo ‘hÎdnyU© ‘mZm OmE, CgH$s ^mdZmAm| H$mo gå‘mZ {H$¶m
OmE&
(2) ~ÀMo H$mo A{YH$ go A{YH$ n‹T>Zo H$mo H$hm OmE&
(3) ~ÀMo Ho$ H$jm ‘| AÀN>o A§H$ AmE&
(4) O~ {ejH$ ~ÀMm| H$mo CZHo$ ~m¡{ÕH$ ñVa Ho$ AZwgma n‹T>mE&

67. ~ÀMm| Ho$ ^mfmB© {dH$mg Ho$ {bE Oê$ar h¡ {H$-

(1) CZH$mo A{YH$ go A{YH$ AnZo {dMma 춳V H$aZo Ho$ Adga XoZo
Mm{hE&
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(2) ^mfmB© H$m¡ebm| Ho$ {dH$mg hoVw J{V{d{Y¶m± Am¶mo{OV H$s OmZr Mm{hE&
(3) {bIZm, n‹T>Zm, ~mobZm VWm gwZZo H$m Aä¶mg H$amZm Mm{hE&
(4) Cnamo³V g^r

*******

61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 67.

(4) (1) (1) (2) (3) (4) (4)

~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
 àJʶ d§emZwH«$‘ Ed§ dmVmdaU
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
Aܶm¶ 4
d§emZwH«$‘ Ed§ dmVmdaU
4.1 àñVmdZm
‘Zwî¶ H$m {dH$mg {OZ H$maH$m| Ûmam hmoVm h¡, CZ‘o| O¡{dH$ Ed§ gm‘m{OH$
H$maH$ g~go ‘w»¶ h¢& O¡{dH$ {dH$mg H$m Xm{¶Ëd ‘mVm-{nVm na hmoVm h¡ VWm
gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg H$m dmVmdaU na hmoVm h¡& ‘mVm-{nVm {Og {eew H$mo OÝ‘
XoVo h¢, CgH$m emar[aH$ {dH$mg J^©H$mb ‘| hr Amaå^ hmo OmVm h¡ VWm OÝ‘
Ho$ ~mX {‘bo dmVmdaU Ûmam hmoVm h¡&
OÝ‘ go gå~pÝYV {dH$mg Ho$ d§emZwH$« ‘ Am¡a g‘mO go gå~pÝYV
{dH$mg H$mo dmVmdaU H$hVo h¢& Bgo àH¥${V VWm nmofU ^r H$hm J¶m h¡& O¡gm
{H$ dwS>dW© H$m H$hZm h¡ {H$ EH$ nm¡Yo H$m d§emZwH$« ‘ CgHo$ ~rO ‘§o {Z{hV h¡ Am¡a
CgHo$ nmofU H$m Xm{¶Ëd CgHo$ dmVmdaU na {Z^©a h¡& d§emZwH$« ‘ VWm dmVmdaU
H$m Aܶ¶Z àmUr Ho$ {dH$mg VWm dmVmdaU H$s AÝV…{H«$¶m H$m ’$b h¡&
‘Zmo{dkmZ ‘| ¶h àíZ h‘oem MMm© H$m {df¶ ahm h¡ {H$ ~mbH$ Ho$
{dH$mg ‘| d§emZwH«$‘ H$m gh¶moJ A{YH$ h¡ ¶m dmVmdaU H$m& Bg àíZ na
àm¶… ‘V^oX aho h¢
4.2 d§emZwH«$‘ H$m AW© Ed§ n[a^mfm
gmYmaU AW© ‘| d§emZwH«$‘ go VmËn¶© O¡go Ho$ V¡go go ¶m g‘mZ Ho$ g‘mZ go
h¡& gmYmaUV¶m Bggo VmËn¶© h¡ {H$ O¡go ‘mVm-{nVm hmoVo h¢, CZH$s gÝVmZ
^r d¡gr hr hmoVr h¡& Xÿgao eãXm| ‘| ¶h ^r H$h gH$Vo h¢ {H$ O¡go Ord hmoVo h¢,
do AnZo hr O¡go Ordm| H$mo OÝ‘ XoVo h¢& Bgr H$WZ Ho$ AmYma na h‘ XoIVo
h¢ {H$ gm‘mݶV… ~mbH$ emar[aH$ ê$n-JwU ‘| AnZo ‘mVm-{nVm Ho$ AZwê$n hr
hmoVm h¡& ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| H$m ‘V Vmo ¶hm± VH$ h¡ {H$ ~mbH$ AnZo ‘mVm-{nVm go
emar[aH$ JwU hr Zht ~pëH$ ‘mZ{gH$ E§d gm‘m{OH$ JwU ^r àmá H$aVm h¡&
Bg ‘V Ho$ AZwgma ñdñW Ed§ {dÛmZ ‘mVm-{nVm Ho$ ñdñW Ed§ {dÛmZ gÝVmZ
hmoZr Mm{hE& {H$ÝVw Bg V϶ Ho$ AndmX ^r nm¶o OmVo h¢, CXmhaUmW©, {dÛmZ
‘mVm-{nVm Ho$ ‘ÝX ~w{Õ gÝVmZ Am¡a ‘ÝX ~w{Õ ‘mVm-{nVm Ho$ {dÛmZ gÝVmZ
XoIr OmVr h¡& BgH$m H$maU ¶h h¡ {H$ ~mbH$ emar[aH$ Ed§ ‘mZ{gH$ JwU AnZo
‘mVm-{nVm go hr Zht A{nVw CZgo nhbo Ho$ nyd©Om| go ^r àmá H$aVm h¡& nyd©Om|
H$o JwUm| H$m hñVmÝVaU ‘mVm-{nVm Ho$ ‘mܶ‘ go hr hmoVm h¡& Bg àH$ma Ho$ JwUm|
Ho hñVmÝVaU H$mo hr d§emZwH«$‘ ¶m AmZwd§{eH$Vm H$hVo h¢&
{d{^ÝZ ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| Zo {d{^ÝZ àH$ma go d§emZwH«$‘ H$s n[a^mfmE±
AnZo-AnZo T>§J go Xr h¢ Omo {ZåZ{b{IV h¢-
1. dwS>dW© Ho$ AZwgma-
d§emZwH«$‘ ‘| do g^r ~mV| Am OmVr h¢ Omo OrdZ H$m Amaå^ H$aVo g‘¶ ì¶p³V ‘|
CnpñWV Wt& ¶o OÝ‘ Ho$ g‘¶ Zht daZ² J^m©YmZ Ho$ g‘¶ OÝ‘ go bJ^J Zm¡ ‘mh
nyd© ì¶p³V ‘| n¡Xm hmoVr h¢&
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
n¥îR> 51
2. Oo. E. WmångZ Ho$ AZwgma-
d§emZwH«$‘, H«$‘~Õ nr[‹T>¶m| Ho$ ~rM CËn[Îm gå~ÝYr, gå~ÝY Ho$ {b¶o gw{dYmOZH$
eãX h¡&
3. EM. E. noQ>agZ Ho$ AZwgma-
d§emZwH«$‘ H$mo Bg àH$ma n[a^m{fV {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡ {H$ ì¶p³V AnZo ‘mVm-
{nVm Ho$ ‘mܶ‘ go nyd©Om| Ho$ Omo Hw$N> JwU àmá H$aVm h¡, dhr d§emZwH«$‘ H$hbmVm h¡&
4. nr. {Oñ~Q>© Ho$ AZwgma-
àH¥${V ‘| à˶oH$ nr‹T>r H$m H$m¶© ‘mVm-{nVm gÝVmZm| ‘| Hw$N> O¡dH$s¶ ¶m ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$
{deofVmAm| H$m hñVmÝVaU H$aZm h¡& Bg àH$ma hñVm[ÝaV {deofVmAm| H$s {‘br-Owbr
JR>ar H$mo d§emZwH«$‘ Ho$ Zm‘ go nwH$mam OmVm h¡&
5. S>Jbg d hm°b¡ÊS Ho$ AZwgma-
‘mVm-{nVm ¶m Aݶ nyd©O ¶m àOm{V go àmá g‘ñV emar[aH$ aMZmE±, {deofVmE±,
{H«$¶mE± AWdm j‘VmE± ì¶p³V Ho$ d§emZwH«$‘ ‘| gpå‘{bV ahVr h¢&
6. ê$W ~|{S>³Q> Ho$ AZwgma-
d§emZwH«$‘ ‘mVm-{nVm go gÝVmZ H$mo àmá hmoZo dmbo JwUm| H$m Zm‘ h¡&
7. EZ EZmñQ>‘r Ho$ AZwgma-
d§emZwH«$‘ Ho$ VÎd OÝ‘ Ho$ ~hþV ~mX VH$ ì¶p³V Ho$ {dH$mg H$mo à^m{dV H$a gH$Vo
h¢ Am¡a dmñVd ‘| ¶h à^md OrdZn¶©ÝV MbVm h¡&
8. Ooåg S´>oda Ho$ AZwgma-
‘mVm-{nVm H$s emar[aH$ Ed§ ‘mZ{gH$ {deofVmAm| H$m gÝVmZm| ‘| g§H«${‘V hmoZm
hr d§emZwH«$‘ h¡&
9. ~r. EZ. Pm Ho$ AZwgma-
d§emZwH«$‘, ì¶p³V H$s OÝ‘OmV {deofVmAm| H$m nyU© ¶moJ h¡&
Cn¶w©³V n[a^mfmAm| go ñnîQ> h¡ {H$ ì¶p³V H$mo AnZo ‘mVm-{nVm go
àmá JwU hr d§emZwH«$‘ Zht hmoVo A{nVw CZHo$ ‘mܶ‘ go nyd©Om| Ho$ JwUm| H$s àm{á
^r d§emZwH«$‘ Ho$ AÝVJ©V AmVr h¡& ¶hm± na ¶h MMm© H$m {df¶ h¡ {H$ d§emZwH«$‘
Ho$ Ûmam H$m¡Z-go JwUm| H$m hñVmÝVaU AmJo AmZo dmbr nr‹T>r H$mo hmoVm h¡&
4.3 d§emZwH«$‘ H$s ¶ÝÌ aMZm/à{H«$¶m
‘mZd-eara H$s ~ZmdQ> gå~ÝYr ¶ÝÌ-aMZm ~‹S>r O{Q>b h¡& ¶hm± Bg aMZm H$mo
gab ê$n ‘| ñnîQ> H$aZo H$m à¶mg {H$¶m J¶m h¡, Ordempñ̶m| H$m ‘V h¡ {H$
 n¥îR> 52 d§emZwH«$‘ Ed§ dmVmdaU àJʶ

‘mZd-eara H$s aMZm H$mofm| go hmoVr h¡& àmaå^ ‘| J^m©dñWm ‘| ^«yU H$m {Z‘m©U 4. à˶mJ‘Z H$m {Z¶‘&
Ho$db EH$ H$mof go hmoVm h¡ {Ogo g§¶w³V H$mof H$hVo h¢& Bg g§¶w³V-H$mof H$s 5. A{O©V JwUm| H$o g§H«$‘U H$m {Z¶‘&
aMZm Xmo CËnmXH$ H$mofm| Ho$ {‘bZo go hmoVr h¡& BZ CËnmXH$ H$mofm| ‘| go EH$ 6. ‘¡ÊS>b H$m {Z¶‘&
H$mof {nVm H$m hmoVm h¡ {Ogo ewH«$ Am¡a Xÿgam ‘mVm H$m hmoVm h¡ {Ogo AÊS> H$hVo 1. ~rOH$mof H$r {ZaÝVaVm H$m {Z¶‘
h¢& g§¶w³V H$mof Am¡a CËnmXH$ H$mof 2, 4, 8, 16, 32........... Ho$ H«$‘ ‘| Bg {Z¶‘ Ho$ AZwgma ~mbH$ H$mo OÝ‘ XoZo dmbm ~rOH$mof H$^r ZîQ> Zht hmoVm&
g§»¶m ‘| ~‹T>Vo OmVo h¢& ewH«$ Am¡a AÊS> XmoZm| hr CËnmXH$-H$mofm| Ho$ ê$n ‘| Hw$N> Bg {Z¶‘ Ho$ à{VnmXH$ drO‘¡Z H$m H$WZ h¡-
JwU ¶m Xmofm| H$m hñVmÝVaU H$aVo h¢& ¶o JwU ¶m Xmof ^«yU ‘| àdoe H$a OmVo h¢ ~rOH$mof H$m H$m¶© Ho$db CËnmXH$ H$mofm| H$m {Z‘m©U H$aZm h¡, Omo ~rOH$mof ~mbH$
Am¡a OÝ‘ Ho$ ~mX d§emZwH«$‘ H$hbmVo h¢& H$mo AnZo ‘mVm-{nVm go {‘bVm h¡, Cgo dh AJbr nr‹T>r H$mo hñVmÝV[aV H$a XoVm h¡&
Bg àH$ma, ~rOH$mof nr‹T>r Xa nr‹T>r MbVm ahVm h¡&

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drO‘¡Z Ho$ ~rOH$mof H$s {ZaÝVaVm Ho$ {Z¶‘ H$mo ñdrH$ma Zht {H$¶m
OmVm h¡& BgH$s AmbmoMZm H$aVo hþE ~r. EZ. Pm Zo {bIm h¡-
Bg {gÕmÝV Ho$ AZwgma ‘mVm-{nVm, ~mbH$ Ho$ OÝ‘XmVm Z hmoH$a Ho$db ~rOH$mof
Ho$ g§ajH$ h¢, {Ogo do AnZr gÝVmZ H$mo XoVo h¢& ~rOH$mof EH$ nr‹T>r go Xÿgar nr‹T>r H$mo
Bg àH$ma hñVmÝV[aV {H$¶m OmVm h¡, ‘mZmo EH$ ~¢H$ go {ZH$bH$a Xÿgao ~¢H$ ‘| aI
{X¶m J¶m hmo& drO‘¡Z H$m {gÕmÝV Z Vmo d§emZwH«$‘ H$s gånyU© à{H«$¶m H$s ì¶m»¶m
www.praganya.org H$aVm h¡ Am¡a Z gÝVmofOZH$ hr h¡&
¶h ‘V d§emZwH«$‘ H$s g§nyU© à{H«$¶m H$s ì¶m»¶m Z H$a nmZo Ho$ H$maU
A‘mݶ h¡&
2. g‘mZVm H$m {Z¶‘
Bg {Z¶‘ Ho$ AZwgma, O¡go ‘mVm-{nVm hmoVo h¢, d¡gr hr CZH$s gÝVmZ hmoVr h¡&
Bg {Z¶‘ Ho$ AW© H$m ñnîQ>rH$aU H$aVo hþE gmoaoZgZ Zo {bIm h¡-
~w{Õ‘mZ ‘mVm-{nVm Ho$ ~ÀMo ~w{Õ‘mZ, gmYmaU ‘mVm-{nVm Ho$ ~ÀMo gmYmaU Am¡a
AZoH$ narjUm| Ho$ ~mX ¶h {ZpíMV hmo J¶m h¡ {H$ ewH«$ Am¡a AÊS> ‘| ‘ÝX ~w{Õ ‘mVm-{nVm Ho$ ~ÀMo ‘ÝX ~w{Õ hmoVo h¢& Bgr àH$ma, emar{aH$ aMZm H$s ÑpîQ>
23-23 JwUgyÌ hmoVo h¢& Hw$N> {dÛmZm| H$s ‘mݶVm h¡ {H$ 23-23 JwUgyÌ Ho$ go ^r ~ÀMo ‘mVm-{nVm Ho$ g‘mZ hmoVo h¢&
www.praganya.org

ñWmZ na 24-23 JwUgyÌ hmoVo h¢& Bg àH$ma g§¶w³V H$mof ‘| JwUgyÌm| Ho$ 23 ¶h {Z¶‘ ^r AnyU© h¢, ³¶m§o{H$ àm¶… XoIm OmVm h¡ {H$ H$mbo ‘mVm-
Omo‹S>o hmoVo h¢& à˶oH$ JwUgyÌ ‘| Hw$N> Am¡a ^r gyú‘ nXmW© hmoVo h¢, Omo {nÌ¡H$ {nVm H$s gÝVmZ Jmoar, ‘ÝX ~w{Õ ‘mVm-{nVm H$s gÝVmZ ~w{Õ‘mZ hmoVr h¡& Bg
H$hbmVo h¢& à˶oH$ JwUgyÌ ‘| {nÌ¡H$ H$s g§»¶m 40 go 100 VH$ hmoVr h¡& {Z¶‘ Ho$ AZwgma ‘mVm-{nVm H$s {deofVmE± ~mbH$ Ho$ ‘yb ê$n ‘| AmZr Mm{hE&
BZ {nÌ¡H$mo§ H$s aMZm EH$aoIr¶ AmH¥${VZw‘m hmoVr h¡& à˶oH$ {nÌ¡H$ EH$ JwU
3. {d{^ÝZVm H$m {Z¶‘
¶m {deofVm H$mo {ZYm©[aV H$aVm h¡& {nÌ¡H$ hr d§emZwH«$‘ Ho$ {ZYm©aH$ hmoVo h¢,
Bg {Z¶‘ H$o AZwgma, ~mbH$ AnZo ‘mVm-{nVm Ho$ {~ëHw$b g‘mZ Z hmoH$a
³¶m|{H$ EH$ {nÌ¡H$ AWdm {nÌ¡H$ g‘yh Ûmam d§emZwH«$‘ Ho$ Hw$N> {deof JwU EH$
CZgo Hw$N> {^ÝZ hmoVm h¢& Bgr àH$ma, EH$ hr ‘mVm-{nVm Ho$ ~mbH$ EH$-
nr‹T>r go Xÿgar nr‹T>r H$mo hñVm§[aV hmoVo h¢& {nÌ¡H$ Ho$ ‘hÎd H$mo ñnîQ> H$aVo hþE
Xÿgao Ho$ g‘mZ hmoVo hþE ^r ~w{Õ, a§J Am¡a ñd^md ‘| EH$-Xÿgao go {^ÝZ hmoVo
gmoaoÝgZ Zo {bIm h¡ {H$ {nÌ¡H$ Ûmam ~mbH$m| Ho$ à‘wI JwU {ZYm©[aV hmoVo h¢&
h¢& H$^r-H$^r CZ‘| n¶m©á emar[aH$ Am¡a ‘mZ{gH$ {d{^ÝZVm nmB© OmVr h¡&
{nÌ¡H$m| Ho$ gå‘obZ Ho$ n[aUm‘ H$mo d§emZwH«$‘ H$hm OmVm h¡&
BgH$m, H$maU ~VmVo hþE gmoaoÝgZ Zo {bIm h¡-
Bg {d{^ÝZVm Ho$ H$maU ‘mVm-{nVm Ho$ CËnmXH$ H$mofm| H$s {deofVmE± h¢& CËnmXH$
4.4 d§emZwH«$‘ Ho$ {gÕmÝV H$mofm| ‘| AZoH$ {nÌ¡H$ hmoVo h¢, Omo {d{^ÝZ àH$ma go g§¶w³V hmoH$a EH$-Xÿgao go {^ÝZ
~ÀMm| H$m {Z‘m©U H$aVo h¢&
d§emZwH«$‘ ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| VWm Ordd¡km{ZH$m| Ho$ {bE A˶ÝV amoMH$ VWm
ahñ¶‘¶ {df¶ h¡& d§emZwH«$‘ {OZ {Z¶‘m| VWm {gÕmÝVm| na AmYm[aV h¡, {^ÝZVm H$m {Z¶‘ à{Vnm{XV H$aZo dmbm| ‘| S>m{d©Z VWm bo‘mH©$ Zo
¶h {df¶ ^r Aܶ¶Z Ho$ Z¶o Am¶m‘ àñVwV H$aVm h¡& d§emZwH«$‘ Ho$ ¶o {Z¶‘ AZoH$ à¶moJm| VWm {dMmam| Ûmam ¶h ‘V àH$Q> {H$¶m h¡ {H$ Cn¶moJ Z H$aZo dmbo
gdm©{YH$ àM{bV h¢- Ad¶d VWm {deofVmAm| H$m bmon AmJm‘r nr{‹T>¶m| ‘| hmo OmVm h¡& ZdmoËn[Îm VWm
1. ~rOH$mof H$s {ZaÝVaVm H$m {Z¶‘& àmH¥${VH$ M¶Z Ûmam d§emZwH«$‘r¶ {deofVmAm| H$m CÝZ¶Z hmoVm h¡&
2. g‘mZVm H$m {Z¶‘&
3. {d{^ÝZVm H$m {Z¶‘&
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
 àJʶ d§emZwH«$‘ Ed§ dmVmdaU n¥îR> 53
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4. à˶mJ‘Z H$m {Z¶‘ ‘Q>am| Ho$ g‘mZ ‘¡ÊS>b Zo Myhm| na ^r à¶moJ {H$¶m& CgZo g’o$X Am¡a
Bg {Z¶‘ Ho$ AZwgma, ~mbH$ ‘| AnZo ‘mVm-{nVm Ho$ {dnarV JwU nm¶o OmVo H$mbo Myhm| H$mo gmW-gmW aIm& BZgo Omo Myho CËnÝZ hþE, do H$mbo Wo& {’$a
h¢& Bg {Z¶‘ H$m AW© ñnîQ> H$aVo hþE gmoaoÝgZ Zo {bIm h¡- CgZo BZ dU©g§H$a H$mbo Myhm| H$mo EH$ gmW aIm& BZgo CËnÝZ hmoZo dmbo
~hþV à{V^membr ‘mVm-{nVm Ho$ ~ÀMm| ‘| H$‘ à{V^m hmoZo H$s àd¥[Îm Amoa ~hþV Myho H$mbo Am¡a g’o$X XmoZm| a§Jm| Ho$ Wo& AnZo à¶mgm| Ho$ AmYma na ‘¡ÊS>b Zo
{ZåZH$mo{Q> Ho$ ‘mVm-{nVm Ho$ ~ÀMm| ‘| H$‘ {ZåZH$mo{Q> hmoZo H$s àd¥[Îm hr à˶mJ‘Z h¡& ¶h {gÕmÝV à{Vnm{XV {H$¶m {H$ dU©g§H$a àmUr ¶m dñVwE± AnZo ‘m¡{bH$ ¶m
àH¥${V H$m {Z¶‘ ¶h h¡ {H$ dh {d{eîQ> JwUmo§ Ho$ ~Om¶ gm‘mݶ JwUm| H$m A{YH$ gm‘mݶ ê$n H$s Amoa AJ«ga hmoVr h¡& ¶hr {gÕmÝV ‘¡ÊS>bdmX Ho$ Zm‘ go
{dVaU H$aHo$ EH$ Om{V Ho$ àm{U¶m| H$mo EH$ hr ñVa na aIZo H$m à¶mg H$aVr à{gÕ h¡& BgH$s ì¶m»¶m H$aVo hþE ~r. EZ. Pm Zo {bIm h¡-
h¡& Bg {Z¶‘ Ho$ AZwgma, ~mbH$ AnZo ‘mVm-{nVm Ho$ {d{eîQ> JwUm| H$m ˶mJ O~ dU©g§H$a AnZo ñd¶§ Ho$ {nV¥ ¶m ‘mV¥-CËnmXH$ H$mofm| H$m {Z‘m©U H$aVo h¢, V~
H$aHo$ gm‘mݶ JwUm| H$mo J«hU H$aVo h& ¶hr H$maU h¡ {H$ ‘hmZ² ì¶p³V¶m| Ho$ do à‘wI JwUm| go ¶w³V ‘mVm-{nVm Ho$ g‘mZ ewÕ àH$mam| H$mo OÝ‘ XoVo h¢&
nwÌ gmYmaUV… CZHo$ g‘mZ ‘hmZ² Zht hmoVo h¢, CXmhaUmW©- ~m~a, AH$~a
Am¡a ‘hmË‘m Jm±Yr Ho$ nwÌ CZgo ~hþV A{YH$ {ZåZ H$mo{Q> Ho$ Wo& BgHo$ Xmo ‘¡ÊS>b H$m ‘Q>am| na à¶moJ
‘w»¶ H$maU h¢-
1. ‘mVm-{nVm Ho$ {nÌ¡¡H$m| ‘| go EH$ H$‘ Am¡a EH$ A{YH$ ep³Vembr
hmoVm h¡&
2. ‘mVm-{nVm ‘| CZHo$ nyd©Om| ‘| go {H$gr H$m {nÌ¡H$ A{YH$ ep³Vembr
hmoVm h¡&
5. A{O©V JwUm| Ho$ g§H«$‘U H$m {Z¶‘
Bg {Z¶‘ Ho$ AZwgma, ‘mVm-{nVm Ûmam AnZo OrdZ-H$mb ‘| A{O©V {H$¶o OmZo
‘¡ÊS>b H$m Myhm| na à¶moJ
dmbo JwU CZH$s gÝVmZ H$mo àmá Zht hmoVo h¢& Bg {Z¶‘ H$mo AñdrH$ma H$aVo
hþE {dH$mgdmXr bo‘mH©$ Zo {bIm h¡-
ì¶p³V¶m| Ûmam AnZo OrdZ ‘| Omo Hw$N> ^r A{O©V {H$¶m OmVm h¡, dh CZHo$ Ûmam
CËnÞ {H$¶o OmZo dmbo ì¶p³V¶m| H$mo g§H«${‘V {H$¶m OmVm h¡&
BgH$m CXmhaU XoVo hþE bo‘mH©$ Zo H$hm h¡ {H$ {Oam’$ new H$s JX©Z
nhbo ~hwV Hw$N> Kmo‹S>o Ho$ g‘mZ Wr, na Hw$N> {deof n[apñW{V¶m| Ho$ H$maU
dh bå~r hmo JB© Am¡a H$mbmÝVa ‘| CgH$s bå~r JX©Z H$m JwU AJbr nr‹T>r ‘|
g§H«${‘V$ hmoZo bJm& bo‘mH©$ Ho$ Bg H$WZ H$s nwpîQ> ‘¡³Sy>Jb Am¡a ndbd Zo
Myhm| na Ed§ h¡argZ Zo nV§Jm| na narjU H$aHo$ H$s h¡&
AmO Ho$ ¶wJ ‘| {dH$mgdmX ¶m A{O©V JwUm| Ho$ g§H«$‘U H$m {gÕmÝV
ñdrH$ma Zht {H$¶m OmVm h¡& Bg gå~ÝY ‘| dwS>dW© Zo {bIm h¡- Jo«Ja Om°Z ‘¡ÊS>b Zo Omo à¶moJ {H$¶o, CZgo àmá {ZîH$fm|ª go d§emZwH«$‘
d§emZwH«$‘ H$s à{H«$¶m Ho$ AnZo AmYw{ZH$ kmZ go gånÝZ hmoZo na ¶h ~mV àm¶… VWm dmVmdaU Ho$ à^mdm| Ho$ Aܶ¶Z ‘| A˶{YH$ gh¶moJ {‘bm& Mmho N>moQ>r-
Agå^d OmZ n‹S>Vr h¡ {H$ A{O©V JwUm| H$mo g§H«${‘V {H$¶m Om gHo$& ¶{X Amn H$moB© ~‹S>r ‘Q>a {‘bmH$a ~moZo H$m à¶moJ hmo AWdm H$mbo-g’o$X Myhm| H$mo EH$ gmW
^mfm ~mobZm grI b|, Vmo ³¶m Amn {nÌ¡¡H$m| Ûmam Bg kmZ H$mo AnZo ~ÀMo H$mo g§H«${‘V aIH$a CZgo gÝV{V ì¶mnma H$m à¶moJ hmo, Hw$N> {ZîH$f© Eogo {ZH$mbo {Oggo
H$a gH$Vo h¢? Bg àH$ma Ho$ {H$gr à‘mU H$s nwpîQ> Zht hþB© h¡& j¶ ¶m gyOmH$ Eogm
d§emZwH«$‘ H$s ewÕVm H$m nVm MbVm h¡& CgZo ¶h à˶mJ‘Z Ho$ {gÕmÝV H$m
amoJ, Omo ~hþYm n[admam| ‘| nm¶m OmVm h¡, g§H«${‘H$ Zht hmoVm h¡& ~mbH$ H$mo ¶h amoJ
n[adma Ho$ n¶m©daU ‘| Ny>V go hmoVm h¡& {Zê$nU {H$¶m& CgH$m ¶h {gÕmÝV Bg àH$ma h¡-A{YH$ OmJ«V ¶m à~b
JwU, gwá JwU H$mo {ZpîH«$¶ H$a XoVm h¡& gwámdñWm ‘| ahZo dmbo 춳V JwU O~
6. ‘¡ÊS>b H$m {Z¶‘ àH$Q> hmoH$a ‘w»¶ JwU H$m ê$n YmaU H$a boVo h¢ Vmo ¶h pñW{V à˶mJ‘Z H$m
Bg {Z¶‘ Ho$ AZwgma, dU©g§H$a àmUr ¶m dñVwE± AnZo ‘m¡{bH$ ¶m gm‘mݶ ê$n YmaU H$a boVr h¡& CXmhaUmW©- H$mbo ‘mVm-{nVm Ho$ ¶hm± Jmoao ~mbH$
ê$n H$s Amoa AJ«ga hmoVr h¡& Bg {Z¶‘ H$mo OoH$moñbmodo{H$¶m Ho$ ‘¡ÊS>b Zm‘H$ H$m OÝ‘ boZm&
nmXar Zo à{Vnm{XV {H$¶m Wm& CgZo AnZo {JaOo Ho$ ~JrMo ‘| ~‹S>r Am¡a N>moQ>r
‘Q>a| ~am~a g§»¶m ‘| {‘bmH$a ~mo¶t& CJZo dmbr ‘Q>am| ‘| g~ dU©g§H$a Om{V
H$s Wt& ‘¡ÊS>b Zo Bg dU©g§H$a ‘Q>am| H$mo {’$a ~mo¶m Am¡a Bg àH$ma CgZo CJZo 4.5 ~mbH$ Ho$ {dH$mg ‘| d§emZwH«$‘ H$m à^md
dmbr ‘Q>am| H$mo H$B© ~ma ~mo¶m& AÝV ‘|, Cgo Eogr ‘Q>a| {‘br, Omo dU©g§H$a nmíMm˶ ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| Zo d§emZwH«$‘ Ho$ ‘hÎd Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘| AZoH$ Aܶ¶Z
hmoZo Ho$ ~Om¶ ewÕ Wr& Am¡a narjÊm {H$E h¢& BZHo$ AmYma na CÝhm|Zo {gÕ H$a {X¶m h¡ {H$ ~mbH$ Ho$
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
 n¥îR> 54
ì¶p³VËd Ho$ à˶oH$ nhby na d§emZwH«$‘ H$m à^md n‹S>Vm h¡& h‘ ¶hm± Hw$N> ‘w»¶
‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| Ho$ AZwgma Bg à^md H$m dU©Z H$a aho h¢ Omo {ZåZ{b{IV h¢-
1. ‘yb ep³V¶m| na à^md
Wm°Z©S>mBH$ H$m ‘V h¡ {H$ ~mbH$ H$s ‘yb ep³V¶m| H$m àYmZ H$maU CgH$m
d§emZwH«$‘ h¡&
2. emar[aH$ bjUm| na à^md
H$mb© nr¶agZ H$m {dMma h¡ {H$ AJa ‘mVm-{nVm H$s bå~mB© H$‘ ¶m A{YH$
hmoVr h¡, Vmo CZHo$ ~ÀMo H$s ^r bå~mB© H$‘ ¶m A{YH$ hmoVr h¡&
3. àOm{V H$s loîR>Vm na à^md
p³bZ~J© H$m ‘V h¡ {H$ ~w{Õ H$s loîR>Vm H$m H$maU àOm{V h¡& ¶hr H$maU h¡
{H$ A‘arH$m H$r ídoV àOm{V, ZrJ«mo àOm{V go loîR> h¡&
4. ì¶mdgm{¶H$ ¶mo½¶Vm na à^md
H¡$Q>b H$m {dMma h¡ {H$ ì¶mdgm{¶H$ ¶mo½¶Vm H$m ‘w»¶ H$maU d§emZwH«$‘ h¡& dh
Bg {ZîH$f© na A‘o[aH$m Ho$ 885 d¡km{ZH$m| Ho$ n[admam| H$m Aܶ¶Z H$aZo Ho$
’$bñdê$n nhþ±Mm& CgZo ~Vm¶m {H$ BZ n[admam| ‘| go 2/5 ì¶dgm¶r dJ© Ho$,
1/2 CËnmXH$ dJ© Ho$ Am¡a Ho$db 1/4 H¥${f dJ© Ho$ Wo&
5. gm‘m{OH$ pñW{V na à^md
{dZ{en H$m ‘V h¡ {H$ JwUdmZ Am¡a à{VpîR>V ‘mVm-{nVm H$r gÝVmZ à{VîR>m
àmá H$aVr h¡& dh Bg {ZîH$f© na [aMS>© ES>dS>© Ho$ n[adma H$m Aܶ¶Z H$aZo Ho$
~mX nhþ±Mm& [aMS>© ñd¶§ JwUdmZ Am¡a à{VpîR>V ‘Zwî¶ Wm Ed§ CgZo E{bOm~oW
Zm‘H$ {Og ñÌr go {ddmh {H$¶m Wm, dh ^r Cgr Ho$ g‘mZ Wr& BZ XmoZm| Ho$
d§eOm| H$mo {dYmZg^m Ho$ gXñ¶m|, ‘hm{dÚmb¶m| Ho$ Aܶjm| Am{X Ho$ à{VpîR>V
nX àmá hþE Wo& CZH$m EH$ d§ímO A‘o[aH$m H$m CnamîQ´>n{V ^r ~Zm&
6. M[aÌ na à^md
S>JS>ob H$m ‘V h¡ {H$ M[aÌhrZ ‘mVm-{nVm H$s gÝVmZ M[aÌhrZ hmoVr h¡& CgZo
¶h ~mV gZ² 1877 B©. ‘| Á¶yH$g Ho$ d§eOm| H$m Aܶ¶Z H$aHo$ {gÕ {H$¶m&
1720 ‘| ݶy¶mH©$ ‘| OÝ‘ boZo dmbm Á¶yH$g EH$ M[aÌhrZ ‘Zwî¶ Wm Am¡a
CgH$s nËZr ^r CgH$o g‘mZ M[aÌhrZ Wr& BZ XmoZm| Ho$ d§eOm| Ho$ gå~ÝY
‘| ZZ Zo {bIm h¡-
nm±M nr[‹T>¶m| go bJ^J 1000 ì¶p³V¶m| ‘| go 300 ~më¶mdñWm ‘| ‘a JE, 310
Zo 2300 df© X[aÐJ¥hm| ‘| ì¶VrV {H$E, 440 amoJ Ho$ H$maU ‘a JE, 130 ({OZ‘|
7 h˶m H$aZo dmbo Wo) XÊS> àmá AnamYr Wo Am¡a Ho$db 20 Zo H$moB© ì¶dgm¶ H$aZm
grIm&
7. ‘hmZVm na à^md
JmëQ>Z H$m {dMma h¡ {H$ ì¶p³V H$s ‘hmZVm H$m H$maU CgH$m d§emZwH«$‘ h¡& ¶h
d§emZwH«$‘ H$m hr n[aUm‘ h¡ {H$ ì¶p³V¶m| Ho$ emar[aH$ Am¡a ‘mZ{gH$ bjUm| ‘|
{d{^ÞVm nmB© OmVr h¡& ì¶p³V H$m H$X, dU©, ñdmñ϶, ~w{Õ, ‘mZ{gH$ ep³V
Am{X CgHo$ d§emZwH«$‘ na AmYm[aV hmoVo h¢& JmëQ>Z Zo {bIm h¡-
‘hmZ² ݶm¶mYrem|, amOZr{Vkm|, g¡{ZH$ nXm{YH$m[a¶m|, gm{h˶H$mam|, d¡km{ZH$m|
Am¡a {Ibm{‹S>¶m| Ho$ OrdZ-M[aÌm| H$m Aܶ¶Z H$aZo go kmV hmoVm h¡ {H$ BZHo$ n[admam|
‘| BÝht joÌm| ‘| àe§gm àmá Aݶ ì¶p³V ^r hþE h¢&
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
d§emZwH«$‘ Ed§ dmVmdaU àJʶ
8. d¥{Õ na à^md
JmoS>mS>© H$m {dMma h¡ {H$ ‘ÝX ~w{Õ ‘mVm-{nVm H$s gÝVmZ ‘ÝX ~w{Õ Am¡a Vrd«
~w{Õ ‘mVm-{nVm H$s gÝVmZ Vrd« ~w{Õ dmbr hmoVr h¡& CgZo ¶h ~mV H$mbrH$m°H$
Zm‘H$ EH$ g¡{ZH$ Ho$ d§eOm| H$m Aܶ¶Z H$aHo$ {gÕ H$s& H$mbrH$m°H$ Zo nhbo
EH$ ‘ÝX ~w{Õ ñÌr go Am¡a Hw$N> g‘¶ Ho$ ~mX EH$ Vrd« ~w{Õ H$s ñÌr go {ddmh
{H$¶m& nhbr ñÌr Ho$ 480 d§eOm| ‘| go 143 ‘ÝX ~w{Õ, 46 gm‘mݶ, 36
Ad¡Y gÝVmZ, 32 doí¶mE±, 24 eam~r, 8 doí¶mb¶ ñdm‘r, 3 ‘¥Jr amoJ dmbo
Am¡a 3 AnamYr Wo& Xÿgar ñÌr Ho$ 496 d§eOm| ‘| go Ho$db 3 ‘ÝX ~w{Õ Am¡a
M[aÌhrZ Wo& eof Zo ì¶dgm{¶¶m|, S>m³Q>am|, {ejH$m|, dH$sbm| B˶m{X Ho$ ê$n ‘|
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g‘mO ‘| gå‘m{ZV ñWmZ àmá {H$E&
d§emZwH«$‘ Ho$ g‘pÝdV à^md na àH$me S>mbVo hþE, H$mobog{ZH$ Zo
{bIm h¡-
{Og gr‘m VH$ ì¶p³V H$s emar[aH$ aMZm H$mo CgHo$ {nÌ¡¡H$ {ZpíMV H$aVo h¢,
Cg gr‘m VH$ CgHo$ ‘pñVîH$ Ed§ ñZm¶w g§ñWmZ H$s aMZm, CgHo$ Aݶ bjU,
CgH$s Iob-Hy$X gå~ÝYr Hw$ebVm Am¡a CgH$s J{UV gå~ÝYr ¶mo½¶Vm- ¶o g^r
~mVo§ CgHo$ d§emZwH«$‘ na {Z^©a hmoVr h¢, na do ~mV| CgHo$ dmVmdaU na H$hr§ A{YH$
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{Z^©a hmoVr h¡&
‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ à¶moJm| Zo ¶h {gÕ H$a {X¶m h¡ {H$ ì¶p³V Ho$ emar[aH$
VWm ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg na d§emZwH«$‘ H$m H$m’$s à^md n‹S>Vm h¡& ¶h à^md
{nÌ¡H$ Ho$ H$maU ì¶p³V Ho$ emar[aH$ bjUm| na àH$Q> hmoVm h¡& AmÝV[aH$ àoaH$
VÎd CgHo$ ñd^md H$mo {ZYm©[aV H$aVo h¢& S>JS>ob Ho$ Aܶ¶Z Zo {gÕ H$a {X¶m
h¡ {H$ M[aÌhrZ ‘mVm-{nVm H$s gÝVmZ M[aÌhrZ hmoVr h¡& ñdñW ~m¡{ÕH$ VWm
‘mZ{gH$ pñW{V ^r d§emZwH«$‘ H$s XoZ h¡&
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4.6 dmVmdaU H$m AW© Ed§ n[a^mfm
~mbH$ Ho$ ì¶p³VËd Ho$ {dH$mg ‘| dmVmdaU Ho$ ‘hÎdnyU© ¶moJXmZ H$s Cnojm
Zht H$s Om gH$Vr h¡& d§emZwH«$‘ Ho$ Aܶ¶Z go EH$ V϶ ñnîQ> hmoVm h¡ {H$
~mbH$ d§emZwH«$‘ go AZoH$ ep³V¶m± Ed§ j‘VmE± J«hU H$a OÝ‘ boVm h¡, {H$ÝVw
BZ ep³V¶m| H$m {dH$mg dmVmdaU na {Z^©a H$aVm h¡& ¶{X ~mbH$ H$mo AÀN>m
dmVmdaU {‘b Om¶o Omo dh AnZr ep³V¶m| H$m {dH$mg H$aHo$ à{VpîR>V OrdZ
ì¶VrV H$a gH$Vm h¡& dmVmdaU H$mo hr nmofH$ AWdm n¶m©daU H$hVo h¢&
dmVmdaU Ho$ {bE n¶m©daU eãX H$m ^r à¶moJ {H$¶m OmVm h¡& n¶m©daU
Xmo eãXm| go {‘bH$a ~Zm h¡- n[a+AmdaU& n[a H$m AW© h¡- Mmam| Amoa Ed§
AmdaU H$m AW© h¡- T>H$Zo dmbm& Bg àH$ma n¶m©daU ¶m dmVmdaU dh h¡,
Omo Mmam| Amoa go T>Ho$ ¶m Koao hþE h¡& AV… h‘ H$h gH$Vo h¢ {H$ ì¶p³V Ho$ Mmam|
Amoa Omo Hw$N> h¡, dh CgH$m dmVmdaU h¡& Bg‘| do g~ VÎd gpå‘{bV {H$E Om
gH$Vo h¢, Omo ì¶{³V Ho$ OrdZ Am¡a ì¶dhma H$mo à^m{dV H$aVo h¢&
dmVmdaU H$mo ñnîQ> H$aZo Ho$ {bE Hw$N> {dÛmZm| Zo BgH$mo n[a^m{fV
{H$¶m h¡ {OZH$m CëboI ¶hm± H$aZm C{MV hmoJm-
1. {Oñ~Q>© Ho$ AZwgma-
dmVmdaU dh ha dñVw h¡ Omo {H$gr Aݶ dñVw H$mo Koao hþE h¡ Am¡a Cg na grYo
AnZm à^md S>mbVr h¡&
 àJʶ d§emZwH«$‘ Ed§ dmVmdaU
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
2. EZr EZmñQ>mgr Ho$ AZwgma-
dmVmdaU ‘| do g^r dñVwE± gpå‘{bV h¢, Omo ì¶p³V Ho$ {nÌ¡H$ Ho$ A{V[a³V CgHo$
g^r njm| H$mo à^m{dV H$aVr h¢&
3. ‘¡H$mBda Ed§ noO Ho$ AZwgma-
ñd¶§ àmUr, CgHo$ OrdZ H$m T>m±Mm, ~rVo hþE OrdZ Ed§ AVrV n¶m©daU H$m ’$b h¡&
n¶m©daU, OrdZ Ho$ àmaå^ go ¶hm± VH$ {H$ CËnmXH$ H$mofm| ‘| ^r {Z{hV h¡&
4. ~mo[a¨J, b¢J’$sëS> Ed§ doëS Ho$ AZwgma-
EH$ ì¶p³V Ho$ dmVmdaU Ho$ AÝVJ©V CZ g^r CÎmoOZmAm| H$m ¶moJ Am OmVm h¡,
{OZH$mo dh OÝ‘ go ‘¥Ë¶w VH$ J«hU H$aVm h¡&
5. Oo. Eg. am°g Ho$ AZwgma-
dmVmdaU EH$ ~mø ep³V h¡, Omo h‘| à^m{dV H$aVr h¡&
6. dwS>dW© Ho$ AZwgma-
dmVmdaU ‘| do g‘ñV VÎd gpå‘{bV h¢, {OÝhm|Zo ì¶p³V H$mo OrdZ àmaå^ H$aZo
Ho$ g‘¶ à^m{dV {H$¶m h¡&
7. S>Jbg d hm°b¡ÊS> Ho$ AZwgma-
dmVmdaU eãX H$m à¶moJ CZ g‘ñV ~mø ep³V¶m|, à^mdm| Am¡a XemAm| Ho$ ¶moJ Ho$
dU©Z Ho$ {bE {H$¶m OmVm h¡, Omo Or{dV àm{U¶m| Ho$ OrdZ, ñd^md, ì¶dhma, {dH$mg
Am¡a n[an³dVm H$mo à^m{dV H$aVo h¢&
Cn¶w©³V n[a^mfmAm| go ñnîQ> h¡ {H$ dmVmdaU {H$gr EH$ VÎd ¶m
ep³V H$m à{V’$b Zht hmoVm h¡& BgH$s aMZm ‘| AZoH$ VÎd ¶m ep³V¶m| H$m
gm‘y{hH$ ê$n ‘| hmW hmoVm h¡ Omo ~mbH$ Ho$ {dH$mg H$mo J^©H$mb go hr à^m{dV
H$aVo h¢&
4.7 dmVmdaU Ho$ àH$ma
dmVmdaU H$s aMZm H$aZo dmbo VÎdm| Ho$ AmYma na dmVmdaU Ho$ Xmo ‘w»¶
àH$ma h¢-
1. ^m¡Jmo{bH$ dmVmdaU
^m¡Jmo{bH$ dmVmdaU ‘| àH¥${V Ho$ g^r VÎd O¡go pñW{V, ñWbmH¥${V, Obdm¶w,
{‘Q²>Q>r, I{ZO, dZñn{V Ed§ Ord-OÝVw Am{X gpå‘{bV {H$E OmVo h¢&
^m¡Jmo{bH$ dmVmdaU ‘mZd Ho$ {H«$¶mH$bmnm| H$mo à^m{dV H$aVm h¡&
2. gm‘m{OH$ dmVmdaU
gm‘m{OH$ dmVmdaU ‘mZd g‘wXm¶m| H$s CnbpãY H$m à{V’$b hmoVm h¡& BgHo$
AÝVJ©V ar{V-[admO, naånam, ^mfm, {eîQ>mMma Am{X AmVo h¢& gm‘m{OH$
dmVmdaU Ho$ Xmo ê$n {XE Om gH$Vo h¢-
1. gm§ñH¥${VH$ dmVmdaU
2. ‘mZ{gH$ dmVmdaU
gm§ñH¥${VH$ dmVmdaU {eîQ>mMma H$m à{ejU XoVm h¡, O~{H$ ‘mZ{gH$
dmVmdaU ~mbH$ H$s ‘mZ{gH$ ¶mo½¶VmAm| Ho$ {dH$mg ‘| ¶moJXmZ H$aVm h¡& Bg
àH$ma ¶o g^r àH$ma Ho$ dmVmdaU ì¶p³V Ho$ OrdZ Ho$ {d{^ÝZ njm|, O¡go-
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
n¥îR> 55
emar[aH$, gm‘m{OH$, ‘mZ{gH$ Ed§ Am{W©H$ H$mo à^m{dV H$aVo h¢&
4.8 ~mbH$ na dmVmdaU H$m à^md
nmíMm˶ ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| Zo dmVmdaU Ho$ ‘hÎd Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘| AZHo$ Aܶ¶Z
Am¡a narjU {H$E h¢& BZHo$ AmYma na CÝhm|Zo {gÕ {H$¶m h¡ {H$ ~mbH$ Ho$
ì¶p³VËd Ho$ à˶oH$ nhby na ^m¡Jmo{bH$, gm‘m{OH$ Am¡a gm§ñH¥${VH$ dmVmdaU
H$m ì¶mnH$ à^md n‹S>Vm h¡& ^maVr¶ ‘Zmd¡km{ZH$m| Ho$ EH$ Aܶ¶Z Ho$ AZwgma
1971 H$s AmB©.E.Eg. H$s narjm CÎmrU© hmoZo dmbo N>mÌm| ‘| go AmYo go A{YH$
Ho$ A{^^mdH$m| H$s ‘m{gH$ Am¶ <10 hOma ¶m Bggo A{YH$ Wr Am¡a 44
à{VeV Zo npãbH$ ñHy$bm| ‘| {ejm àmá H$s Wr& h‘ ¶hm± Hw$N> ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m|
Ho$ AZwgma Bg à^md H$m dU©Z ZrMo H$a aho h¢-
1. emar[aH$ AÝVa na à^md
’«§o$O ~moÝg H$m ‘V h¡ {H$ {d{^ÝZ àOm{V¶m| Ho$ emar[aH$ AÝVa H$m H$maU
d§emZwH«$‘ Z hmoH$a dmVmdaU h¡& CgZo AZoH$ CXmhaU XoH$a {gÕ {H$¶m {H$
Omo OmnmZr Am¡a ¶hÿXr, A‘o[aH$m ‘| AZoH$ nr{‹T>¶m| go {Zdmg H$a aho h¢, CZH$s
bå~mB© ^m¡Jmo{bH$ dmVmdaU Ho$ H$maU ~‹T> J¶r h¡&
2. ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg na à^md
JmoS>©Z H$m ‘V h¡ {H$ C{MV gm‘m{OH$ Am¡a gm§ñH¥${VH$ dmVmdaU Z {‘bZo na
‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg H$s J{V Yr‘r hmo OmVr h¡& CgZo ¶h ~mV Z{X¶m| Ho$ {H$Zmao
ahZo dmbo ~ÀMm| H$m Aܶ¶Z H$aHo$ {gÕ H$s& BZ ~ÀMm| H$m dmVmdaU JÝXm
Am¡a g‘mO Ho$ AÀN>o à^mdm| go Xÿa Wm&
3. ~w{Õ na à^md
H|$S>mob Ûmam {H$¶m J¶m Aܶ¶Z ñnîQ> H$aVm h¡ {H$ ~w{Õ H$m {dH$mg d§emZwH«$‘
H$s Anojm dmVmdaU na {Z^©a hmoVm h¡& CgZo ’«$m§g Ho$ 552 {dÛmZm| H$m
Aܶ¶Z H$aHo$ nVm bJm¶m {H$ CZ‘| go A{YH$m§e YZr dJ© go gå~pÝYV Wo&
AVEd CZH$mo {ejm J«hU H$aZo H$s Cn¶w³V gw{dYmE± CnbãY hþBª& ñQ>r’¢$g
Zo ^r ~w{Õ-bpãY Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘| AnZm {dMma àH$Q> {H$¶m {H$ ¶{X ~mbH$m| H$mo
AÀN>o dmVmdaU ‘| nmbm Om¶o, Vmo CgH$s ~w{Õ-bpãY ‘| d¥{Õ hmoVr h¡&
4. ì¶p³VËd na à^md
CÎm‘ dmVmdaU ‘| nbZo na ~mbH$ ì¶p³VËd H$m {dH$mg ~hþ‘wIr hmoVm h¡&
¶{X {ZY©Z ‘mVm-{nVm Ho$ ~mbH$ H$mo CÎm‘ dmVmdaU ‘| nmbm Om¶o, Vmo dh
AÀN>o ì¶p³VËd H$m {Z‘m©U H$a gH$Vm h¡& Bg gå~ÝY ‘| Hy$bo H$m Aܶ¶Z
‘hÎdnyU© h¡& CgZo 71 gm{h˶H$mam| H$m Aܶ¶Z H$aHo$ nVm bJm¶m {H$ CZ‘|
go Xmo gm{h˶H$ma {ZY©Z n[admam| Ho$ Wo, {H$ÝVw CÎm‘ dmVmdaU Ho$ H$maU do
XmoZm| ‘hmZ² gm{h˶H$ma ~Z gHo$&
5. àOm{V H$s loîR>Vm na à^md
³bmH©$ H$m ‘V h¡ {H$ Hw$N> àOm{V¶m| H$s ~m¡{ÕH$ loîR>Vm H$m H$maU d§emZwH$« ‘ Z
hmoH$a dmVmdaU h¡& CgZo ¶h ~mV A‘arH$m Ho$ Hw$N> Jmoao Am¡a ZrJ«mo bmoJm| H$s ~w{Õ
narjm boH$a {gÕ H$s& CgHo$ g‘mZ AZoH$ Aݶ {dÛmZm| H$m {dMma h¡ {H$ ZrJ«mo
àOm{V H$s ~w{Õ H$m ñVa Bg{bE {ZåZ h¡, ³¶m|{H$ CZH$mo A‘o[aH$m H$s ídoV àOm{V
 n¥îR> 56 d§emZwH«$‘ Ed§ dmVmdaU
Ho$ g‘mZ e¡{jH$, gm§ñH¥${VH$ Am¡a gm‘m{OH$ dmVmdaU CnbãY Zht hmoVm h¡&
6. AZmW ~ÀMm| na à^md
g‘mO H$ë¶mU Ho$ÝÐm| ‘| AZmW Am¡a namdbå~r ~ÀMo AmVo h¡& do gmYmaUV…
{ZåZ n[admam| Ho$ hmoVo h¢, na Ho$ÝÐm| ‘| CZH$m AÀN>r {d{Y go nmbZ-nmofU
{H$¶m OmVm h¡, CZH$mo AÀN>o dmVmdaU ‘| aIm OmVm h¡ Am¡a CZHo$ gmW AÀN>m
ì¶dhma {H$¶m OmVm h¡& Bg àH$ma Ho$ dmVmdaU ‘| nmbo OmZo dmbo ~ÀMm| Ho$
gå~ÝY ‘| dwS>dW© Zo H$hm h¡ {H$-
do g‘J« ê$n ‘| AnZo ‘mVm-{nVm go AÀN>o hr {gÕ hmoVo h¢&
7. Ow‹S>dm± ~ÀMm| na à^md
Ow‹S>dm± ~ÀMm| Ho$ emar[aH$ bjUm|, ‘mZ{gH$ ep³V¶m| Am¡a e¡{jH$ ¶mo½¶VmAm| ‘|
A˶{YH$ g‘mZVm hmoVr h¡& ݶy‘¡Z, ’«$s‘¡Z Am¡a hmobqOJa Zo 20 Omo‹S>o Ow‹S>dm±
~ÀMm| H$mo AbJ-AbJ dmVmdaU ‘| aIH$a CZH$m Aܶ¶Z {H$¶m& CÝhm|Zo EH$
Omo‹S>o Ho$ EH$ ~ÀMo H$mo Jm±d Ho$ ’$m‘© na Am¡a Xÿgao H$mo ZJa ‘| aIm& ~‹S>o hmoZo
na XmoZm| ~ÀMm| ‘| n¶m©á AÝVa nm¶m J¶m& ’$m‘© H$m ~ÀMm A{eîQ> {MÝVmJ«ñV
Am¡a H$‘ ~w{Õ‘mZ Wm& CgHo$ {dnarV, ZJa H$m ~ÀMm {eîQ>, {MÝVm‘w³V Am¡a
A{YH$ ~w{Õ‘mZ Wm& ñQ>r’o$Ýg H$m {dMma h¡ {H$-
Bg àH$ma Ho$ Aܶ¶Zm| go h‘ ¶h {ZU©¶ H$a gH$Vo h¢ {H$ n¶m©daU H$m ~w{Õ na
gmYmaU à^md hmoVm h¡ Am¡a CnbpãY na A{YH$ {deof à^md hmoVm h¡&
8. ~mbH$ na ~hþ‘wIr à^md
dmVmdaU, ~mbH$ Ho$ emar[aH$, ‘mZ{gH$, gm‘m{OH$, g§doJmË‘H$ B˶m{X g^r
A§Jm| na à^md S>mbVm h¡& BgH$s nwpîQ> Edoam°Z Ho$ O§Jbr ~mbH$ Ho$ CXmhaU
go H$s Om gH$Vr h¡& Bg ~mbH$ H$mo OÝ‘ Ho$ ~mX hr ^o{‹S>¶m CR>m bo J¶m Wm
Am¡a CgH$m nmbZ-nmofU O§Jbr newAm| Ho$ ~rM ‘| hþAm Wm& Hw$N> {eH$m[a¶m|
Zo Cgo gZ² 1799 B©. ‘| nH$‹S> {b¶m& Cg g‘¶ CgH$s Am¶w 11 ¶m 12 df©
H$s Wr& CgH$s AmH¥${V newAm| H$s gr Wr Am¡a dh CZHo$ g‘mZ hmWm|-n¡am| go
MbVm Wm& dh H$ÀMm ‘m§g ImVm Wm& Cg‘| ‘Zwî¶ Ho$ g‘mZ ~mobZo Am¡a {dMma
H$aZo H$s ep³V Zht Wr& CgH$mo ‘Zwî¶ Ho$ g‘mZ gä¶ Am¡a {e{jV ~ZmZo Ho$
g~ à¶mg {d’$b hþE&
dmVmdaU Ho$ g§M¶r à^md H$m CëboI H$aVo hþE ñQ>r’o$Ýg Zo {bIm h¡-
EH$ ~ÀMm {OVZo A{YH$ g‘¶ CÎm‘ dmVmdaU ‘| ahVm h¡, dh CVZm hr A{YH$
Bg n¶m©daU H$s Amoa àd¥Îm hmoVm h¡& AJa EH$ ~ÀMm MVwa ‘mVm-{nVm Ho$ gmW A{YH$
g‘¶ VH$ ahVm h¡, Vmo dh CVZm hr A{YH$ MVwa hmoVm h¡& Bgr àH$ma, {OVZo A{YH$
g‘¶ dh hm{ZH$maH$ n¶m©daU ‘| ahVm h¡, àm¶… CVZm hr dh amîQ´>r¶ ‘mZ go {Ja OmVm
h¡& nhbr ÑpîQ> ‘| Bg‘| n¶m©daU Ho$ à^md H$m {ZñgÝXoh à‘mU àmá hmoVm h¡, naÝVw
h‘| Bg ~mV H$mo ^r ñ‘aU aIZm Mm{hE {H$ {nVm Ho$ gmW ~ÀMo H$s g‘mZVm, bå~mB©
‘| Am¡a Xm‹T>r Ho$ a§J ‘| ^r Am¶w Ho$ gmW ~‹T>Vr Om¶oJr, AWm©V² C³V g‘mZVm H$s d¥{Õ
H$m Hw$N> A§e AmZwd§{eH$Vm H$r n[an³dVm Ho$ H$maU hmo gH$Vm h¡&
4.9 d§emZwH«$‘ Ed§ dmVmdaU H$m gå~ÝY
d§emZwH«$‘ VWm dmVmdaU, EH$-Xÿgao go n¥WH²$ Zht h¢& ¶o XmoZm| EH$-Xÿgao
Ho$ nyaH$ h¢& ~rO VWm IoV O¡gm BZH$m gå~ÝY h¡& EH$ Ho$ {~Zm Xÿgao H$s
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
àJʶ
gmW©H$Vm Zht h¡& ñdñW ~rO V^r ñdñW nm¡Yo H$m ê$n YmaU H$a gH$Vm
h¡ O~{H$ dmVmdaU ñdñW Ed§ g§Vw{bV hmo& AÀN>r ImX, g‘¶ na nmZr,
YaVr H$s V¡¶mar, {ZamB©-Jw‹S>mB© Am{X dmVmdaU H$s g¥pîQ> H$aVr h¡& b¡pÊS>g Zo
Bg{b¶o H$hm h¡-
d§emZwH«$‘ h‘| {dH${gV hmoZo H$s j‘VmE± àXmZ H$aVm h¡& BZ j‘VmAm| Ho$ {dH${gV
hmoZo Ho$ Adga h‘| dmVmdaU go {‘bVo h¢, d§emZwH«$‘ h‘| H$m¶©erb ny±Or XoVm h¡ Am¡a
n[a{ñW{V h‘| BgH$mo {Zdoe H$aZo Ho$ Adga àXmZ H$aVr h¡&
‘¡H$AmBda Ed§ noO Zo d§emZwH«$‘ Ed§ dmVmdaU, XmoZm| Ho$ ‘hÎd H$mo
ñdrH$ma {H$¶m h¡& BÝhm|Zo {bIm h¡-
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OrdZ H$s à˶oH$ KQ>Zm XmoZm| H$m n[aUm‘ hmoVr h¡& {H$gr ^r {ZpíMV n[aUm‘ Ho$
{b¶o EH$ CVZr hr Amdí¶H$ h¡ {OVZr {H$ Xÿgar& H$moB© ^r Z Vmo hQ>mB© Om gH$Vr h¡
Am¡a Z hr H$^r n¥WH²$ H$s Om gH$Vr h¡&
dwS>dW© VWm ‘maop³dg Zo H$hm h¡-
ì¶p³V, d§emZwH«$‘ VWm dmVmdaU H$m ¶moJ Zht, JwUZ’$b h¡&
{dH$mg H$s {H$gr AdñWm ‘| ~mbH$ ¶m ì¶p³V H$s emar[aH$, ‘mZ{gH$
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Am¡a g§doJmË‘H$ {deofVmAm| H$s ì¶m»¶m H$aZo Ho$ {bE gmYmaUV… d§emZwH«$‘
Am¡a dmVmdaU eãXm| H$m à¶moJ {H$¶m OmVm h¡& ~mbH$ Ho$ {Z‘m©Êm ‘| d§emZwH«$‘
Am¡a dmVmdaU H$m {H$g gr‘m VH$ à^md n‹S>Vm h¡-¶h {df¶ gX¡d {ddmXmñnX
Wm Am¡a A~ ^r h¡& àmMrZ g‘¶ ‘| ¶h {dídmg {H$¶m OmVm Wm {H$ d§emZwH«$‘
Am¡a dmVmdaU EH$-Xÿgao go n¥WH²$ Wo Am¡a ~mbH$ ¶m ì¶p³V Ho$ ì¶p³VËd Am¡a
H$m¶©j‘Vm H$mo {d{^ÝZ àH$ma go à^m{dV H$aVo Wo& AmYw{ZH$ g‘¶ ‘| Bg
YmaUm ‘o| n¶m©á n[adV©Z hmo J¶m h¢& A~ h‘mao Bg {dídmg ‘| {ZaÝVa d¥{Õ
hmoVr Mbr Om ahr h¡ {H$ ì¶p³V-~mbH$, {H$emoa ¶m àm¡‹T> Ho$ ê$n ‘| Omo Hw$N>
gmoMVm, H$aVm ¶m AZw^d H$aVm h¡, dh d§emZwH«$‘ Ho$ H$maH$m| Am¡a dmVmdaU
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Ho$ à^mdm| Ho$ nmañn[aH$ gå~ÝYm| H$m n[aUm‘ hmoVm h¡&
h‘mao {dídmg ‘| {ZaÝVa d¥{Õ Ho$ H$maU h¢-d§emZwH«$‘ Am¡a dmVmdaU
gå~ÝYr narjU& BZ narjUm| Zo {gÕ H$a {X¶m h¡ {H$ g‘mZ d§emZwH«$‘ Am¡a
g‘mZ dmVmdaU hmoZo na ^r ~ÀMm| ‘| {d{^ÝZVm hmoVr h¡& AV… ~mbH$ Ho$
{dH$mg na Z Ho$db d§emZwH«$‘ H$m daZ² dmVmdaU H$m ^r à^md n‹S>Vm h¡&
BgH$s nwpîQ> H$aVo hþE H«$mo d H«$mo Zo {bIm h¡-
ì¶p³V H$m {Z‘m©U Z Ho$db d§emZwH«$‘ Am¡a Z Ho$db dmVmdaU go hmoVm h¡& dmñVd
‘| dh O¡{dH$Xm¶ Am¡a gm‘m{OH$ {damgV Ho$ EH$sH$aU H$s CnO h¡&
4.10 dmVmdaU Ed§ d§emZwH«$‘ H$m gmnoj ‘hÎd
d§emZwH«$‘ Am¡a dmVmdaU Ho$ gmnoj ‘hÎd Ho$ ~mao ‘| {dÛmZm| ‘| ‘V^oX h¢& Hw$N>
{dÛmZm| H$m ‘V h¡ {H$ Hw$N> JwU d§emZwJV hmoVo h¢, {OZ na dmVmdaU H$m H$moB©
à^md Zht n‹S>Vm h¡& Eogo {dÛmZ d§emZwH«$‘ H$mo dmVmdaU go gdm}n[a ‘mZVo
h¢& BgHo$ {dnarV ì¶dhmadmXr ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ O¡go JmëQ>Z, dmQ>gZ Am{X Ho$
AZwgma dmVmdaU A{YH$ ‘hÎdnyU© hmoVm h¡& CZH$m {dídmg h¡ {H$ d§emZwH«$‘
H$m ‘mZd H$s ¶mo½¶VmE±, j‘VmE± VWm emar[aH$ {deofVmE± {ZYm©[aV H$aZo ‘|
H$moB© ¶moJXmZ Zhr§ hmoVm h¡& Bg àH$ma XmoZm| àH$ma Ho$ {dMma àH$Q> H$aZo dmbo
 àJʶ d§emZwH«$‘ Ed§ dmVmdaU
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
{dÛmZm| H$mo AmO Ho$ ¶wJ ‘| H$Q²>Q>anÝWr ‘mZm OmVm h¡&
A~ A{YH$m§e {ejmemñÌr ¶h AZw^d H$aVo h¢ {H$ d§emZwH«$‘ Am¡a
dmVmdaU XmoZm| hr ‘hmZ² ep³V¶m± h¡& ¶o XmoZm| hr {ejH$ Ho$ {dH$mg H$mo
à^m{dV H$aVr h¢& XmoZmo§ hr Jm‹S>r Ho$ Xmo n{h¶m| Ho$ g‘mZ h¢& ‘¡H$mBda Ed§ noO
Zo d§emZwH«$‘ VWm dmVmdaU Ho$ gmnoj ‘hÎd H$mo ñdrH¥$V H$aVo hþE AnZo {dMma
Bg àH$ma ñnîQ> {H$E,
OrdZ H$s à˶oH$ KQ>Zm XmoZm| H$m n[aUm‘ hmoVr h¡& n[aUm‘ Ho$ {bE XmoZm| hr g‘mZ
ê$n go Amdí¶H$ h¢& BZ‘| go {H$gr H$mo Z Vmo KQ>m¶m Om gH$Vm h¡ Am¡a Z hr AbJ
{H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡&
4.10.1 ~mbH$m| Ho$ {bE ‘hÎd
~mbH$ H$s {ejm Am¡a {dH$mg ‘| d§emZwH«$‘ Am¡a dmVmdaU Ho$ gmno{jH$ ‘hÎd
H$mo {ZåZ{b{IV àH$ma go 춳V {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡-
1. d§emZwH«$‘ d dmVmdaU H$s An¥WH$Vm
{ejm H$s {H$gr ^r ¶moOZm ‘| d§emZwH«$‘ Am¡a dmVmdaU H$mo EH$-Xÿgao go n¥WH²$
Zht {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡& {Og àH$ma AmË‘m Am¡a eara H$m gå~ÝY h¡, Cgr
àH$ma d§emZwH«$‘ Am¡a dmVmdaU H$m ^r gå~ÝY h¡& AV… ~mbH$ Ho$ gå¶H²$
{dH$mg Ho$ {bE d§emZwH«$‘ Am¡a dmVmdaU H$m g§¶moJ A{Zdm¶© h¡& ‘¡H$mBda Ed§
noO Zo {bIm h¡-
OrdZ H$s à˶oH$ KQ>Zm XmoZm| H$m n[aUm‘ hmoVr h¡& BZ‘| go EH$, n[aUm‘ Ho$ {bE
CVZm hr Amdí¶H$ h¡, {OVZm H$s Xÿgam& H$moB© Z Vmo H$^r hQ>m¶m Om gH$Vm h¡ Am¡a
Z H$^r n¥WH²$ {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡&
2. d§emZwH«$‘ d dmVmdaU H$m g‘mZ ‘hÎd
h‘| gmYmaUV¶m ¶h àíZ gwZZo H$mo {‘bVm h¡ {H$ ~mbH$ H$s {ejm Am¡a {dH$mg
‘| d§emZwH«$‘ A{YH$ ‘hÎdnyU© h¡ ¶m dmVmdaU? Bg àíZ H$m H$moB© CÎma Zht
{X¶m Om gH$Vm h¡& ¶h àíZ nyN>Zm ¶h nyN>Zo Ho$ g‘mZ h¡ {H$ ‘moQ>aH$ma Ho$
{bE B§OZ A{YH$ ‘hÎdnyU© h¡ ¶m noQ´>mob& {Og àH$ma ‘moQ>aH$ma Ho$ {bE B§OZ
Am¡a noQ´>mob H$m g‘mZ ‘hÎd h¡ Cgr àH$ma ~mbH$ Ho$ {dH$mg ‘| d§emZwH«$‘ Am¡a
dmVmdaU H$m g‘mZ ‘hÎd h¡& dwS>dW© Zo R>rH$ {bIm h¡-
¶h nyN>Zo H$m H$moB© ‘Vb~ Zht {ZH$bVm h¡ {H$ ì¶{³V Ho$ {dH$mg Ho$ {bE d§emZwH«$‘
Am¡a dmVmdaU ‘| go H$m¡Z A{YH$ ‘hÎdnyU© h¡& XmoZm| ‘| go à˶oH$ nyU© ê$n go A{Zdm¶©
h¡&
3. d§emZwH«$‘ d dmVmdaU H$s nmañn[aH$ {Z^©aVm
d§emZwH«$‘ Am¡a dmVmdaU ‘o§ nmañn[aH$ {Z^©aVm h¡& ¶o EH$-Xÿgao Ho$ nyaH$,
ghm¶H$ Am¡a gh¶moJr h¢& ~mbH$ H$mo Omo ‘ybàd¥[Îm¶m± d§emZwH«$‘ go àmá hmoVr
h¢, CZH$m {dH$mg dmVmdaU ‘| hmoVm h¡, CXmhaUmW©, ¶{X ~mbH$ ‘| ~m¡{ÕH$
ep³V Zht h¡, Vmo CÎm‘ go CÎm‘ dmVmdaU ^r CgH$m ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg Zht
H$a gH$Vm h¡& Bgr àH$ma ~m¡{ÕH$ ep³V dmbm ~mbH$ à{VHy$b dmVmdaU ‘|
AnZm ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg Zht H$a gH$Vm h¡& dñVwV… ~mbH$ Ho$ gånyU© ì¶dhma
H$s g¥pîQ>-d§emZwH«$‘ Am¡a dmVmdaU H$s AÝV…{H«$¶m Ûmam hmoVr h¡& ‘mog© Ed§
qdJmo H$m ‘V h¡-
‘mZd ì¶dhma H$s à˶oH$ {deofVm d§emZwH$« ‘ Am¡a dmVmdaU H$s AÝV…{H«$¶m H$m ’$b h¡&
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
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n¥îR> 57
4. d§emZwH«$‘ d dmVmdaU Ho$ à^mdm| ‘| AÝVa H$aZm Agå^d
¶h ~VmZm Agå^d h¡ {H$ ~mbH$ H$s {ejm Am¡a {dH$mg ‘| d§emZwH«$‘ Am¡a
dmVmdaU H$m {H$VZm à^md n‹S>Vm h¡& d§emZwH«$‘ ‘| do g^r ~mV| Am OmVr h¢
Omo ì¶p³V Ho$ OÝ‘ Ho$ g‘¶ Zht daZ² J^m©YmZ Ho$ g‘¶ CnpñWV Wr& Bgr
àH$ma dmVmdaU ‘| do g~ ~mø VÎd Am OmVo h¢ Omo ì¶{³V H$mo OÝ‘ Ho$ g‘¶
go à^m{dV H$aVo h¢& AV… O¡gm {H$ dwS>dW© Zo {bIm h¡-
ì¶p³V Ho$ OrdZ Am¡a {dH$mg na à^md S>mbZo dmbr à˶oH$ ~mV d§emZwH«$‘ Am¡a
dmVmdaU Ho$ joÌ ‘| Am OmVr h¡& na ¶o ~mVo§ BVZr noMrXm T>§J go g§¶w³V ahVr h¡
{H$ ~hþYm d§emZwH«$‘ Am¡a dmVmdaU Ho$ à^mdm| ‘| AÝVa H$aZm Agå^d hmo OmVm h¡&
5. ~mbH$, d§emZwH«$‘ d dmVmdaU H$s CnO
~mbH$ H$m {dH$mg Bg{bE Zht hmoVm h¡ {H$ Cgo Hw$N> ~mV| d§emZwH«$‘ go Am¡a
Hw$N> dmVmdaU go àmá hmoVr h¡& Bgr àH$ma, ¶h ^r Zht H$hm Om gH$Vm h¡
{H$ dh AnZo d§emZwH«$‘ Am¡a dmVmdaU ‘o| go {H$gH$s A{YH$ CnO h¡& g˶
¶h h¡ {H$ dh d§emZwH«$‘ Am¡a dmVmdaU H$m ¶moJ’$b Z hmoH$a JwUZ’$b h¡&
dwS>dW© H$m H$WZ h¡-
d§emZwH«$‘ Am¡a dmVmdaU H$m gå~ÝY Omo‹S> Ho$ g‘mZ Z hmoH$a JwUm Ho$ g‘mZ A{YH$
h¡& AV… ì¶{³V BZ XmoZm| VÎdm| H$m JwUZ’$b h¡, ¶moJ’$b Zht&
gmam§e ‘|, h‘ H$h gH$Vo h¢ {H$ ~mbH$ Ho$ {dH$mg Ho$ {bE d§emZwH«$‘
Am¡a dmVmdaU H$m g‘mZ ‘hÎd h¡& CgHo$ {Z‘m©U ‘| XmoZm| H$m g‘mZ ¶moJ h¡&
BZ‘| go EH$ H$s ^r AZwnpñW{V ‘| CgH$m gå¶H²$ {dH$mg Agå^d h¡& J¡aoQ>
H$m H$WZ h¡-
Bggo A{YH$ {ZpíMV ~mV Am¡a H$moB© Zht h¡ {H$ d§emZwH«$‘ Am¡a dmVmdaU EH$-Xÿgao
H$mo gh¶moJ XoZo dmbo à^md h¢ Am¡a XmoZm| hr ~mbH$ H$s g’$bVm Ho$ {bE A{Zdm¶© h¡&
4.10.2 {ejH$m| Ho$ {bE ‘hÎd
{ejH$ Ho$ {bE d§emZwH«$‘ Am¡a dmVmdaÊm H$m ³¶m ‘hÎd h¡ Am¡a dh CZHo$ kmZ
‘| AnZm Am¡a AnZo N>mÌm| H$m {H$g àH$ma H$ë¶mU H$a gH$Vm h¡, Bg na h‘
AbJ-AbJ erf©H$m| Ho$ AÝVJ©V {dMma H$a aho h¢ ¶o {dMma {ZåZ{b{IV h¢-
1. d§emZwH«$‘ H$m ‘hÎd
1. d§emZwH«$‘ Ho$ ’$bñdê$n ~mbH$m| ‘| emar[aH$ {d{^ÝZVm nmB© OmVr
h¡& {ejH$ Bg kmZ go gånÝZ hmoH$a CZHo$ emar[aH$ {dH$mg ‘|
¶moJXmZ Xo gH$Vm h¡&
2. ~mbH$m| Am¡a ~m{bH$mAm| ‘| qbJr¶ ^oX d§emZwH«$‘ Ho$ H$maU hmoVm
h¡, {Oggo {d{^ÝZ {df¶m| ‘| CZH$s ¶mo½¶Vm H$‘ ¶m A{YH$ hmoVr
h¡& {ejH$ Bg kmZ go CZHo$ {bE Cn¶w³V {df¶m| Ho$ Aܶ¶Z H$s
ì¶dñWm H$a gH$Vm h¡&
3. d§emZwH«$‘ Ho$ H$maU ~mbH$m| H$s OÝ‘OmV j‘VmAm| ‘| AÝVa hmoVm
h¡& {ejH$ Bg ~mV H$mo ܶmZ ‘| aIH$a H$‘ àJ{V H$aZo dmbo
~mbH$m| H$mo A{YH$ àJ{V H$aZo ‘| gh¶moJ Xo gH$Vm h¡&
4. d§emZwH«$‘ Ho$ ’$bñdê$n ~mbH$m| ‘| AZoH$ àH$ma H$s {d{^ÝZVmE±
nmB© OmVr h¢, Omo CZHo$ {dH$mg Ho$ gmW-gmW A{YH$ go A{YH$
ñnîQ> hmoVr OmVr h¢& {ejH$, ~mbH$m| H$s BZ {d{^ÝZVmAm| H$m
 n¥îR> 58 d§emZwH«$‘ Ed§ dmVmdaU àJʶ

Aܶ¶Z H$aHo$ BZHo$ AZwê$n {ejm H$r Am¶moOZm V¡¶ma H$a gH$Vm
h¡&
5. d§emZwH«$‘ EH$ {Z¶‘ ~VmVm h¡ {H$ ¶mo½¶ ‘mVm-{nVm Ho$ ~ÀMo A¶mo½¶
Am¡a A¶mo½¶ ‘mVm-{nVm Ho$ ~ÀMo ¶mo½¶ hmo gH$Vo h¢& Bg {Z¶‘ H$mo
AÀN>r Vah g‘PZo dmbm {ejH$ hr ~mbH$m| Ho$ à{V C{MV àH$ma
H$m ì¶dhma H$a gH$Vm h¡&
6. ~mbH$m| H$mo d§emZwH«$‘ H$s Hw$N> àd¥[Îm¶m± ^r àmá hmoVr h¢, Omo
dm§N>Zr¶ Am¡a Adm§N>Zr¶ XmoZm| àH$ma H$s hmoVr h¢& {ejH$ BZ
àd¥[Îm¶m| H$m Aܶ¶Z H$aHo$ dm§N>Zr¶ àd¥[Îm¶m| H$m {dH$mg Am¡a
gm{h˶H$ma, Xoeào‘r ¶m XoeÐmohr ~ZoJm& Bg V϶ na qMVZ H$aZo
dmbm {ejH$ AnZo N>mÌm| Ho$ {bE Eogo dmVmdaU H$m {Z‘m©U H$a
gH$Vm h¡, {Oggo CZH$m {dH$mg C{MV {Xem ‘| hmo&
7. dmVmdaU Ho$ ‘hÎd H$mo g‘PZo dmbm {ejH$, {dÚmb¶ ‘| ~mbH$m| Ho$
{bE Eogm dmVmdaU CnpñWV H$a gH$Vm h¡, {Oggo CZ‘| {dMmam|
H$s C{MV A{^ì¶p³V, {eîQ> gm‘m{OH$ ì¶dhma, H$Îm©ì¶m| Am¡a
A{YH$mam| H$m kmZ, ñdm^m{dH$ àd¥[Îm¶m| na {Z¶ÝÌU B˶m{X JwUm|
H$m A{YH$V‘ {dH$mg hmo gHo$&
8. à˶oH$ g‘mO H$m AnZm EH$ {d{eîQ> dmVmdaU hmoVm h¡& ~mbH$ H$mo

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Adm§N>Zr¶ àd¥[Îm¶m| H$m X‘Z ¶m ‘mJm©ÝVrH$aU H$a gH$Vm h¡&
7. d§emZwH«$‘ Ho$ H$maU ~mbH$m| H$s grIZo H$s ¶mo½¶Vm ‘| AÝVa hmoVm
h¡& {ejH$ Bg kmZ go AdJV hmoH$a Xoa go grIZo dmbo ~mbH$m|
Ho$ à{V ghZerb Am¡a OëXr grIZo dmbo ~mbH$m| H$mo A{YH$ H$m¶©
Xo gH$Vm h¡&
8. dwS>dW© H$m H$hZm h¡ {H$ XohmVr ~mbH$m| H$s Anojm ehar ~mbH$m|
Ho$ ‘mZ{gH$ ñVa H$s loîR>Vm Am§{eH$ ê$n go d§emZwH«$‘ Ho$ H$maU
hmoVr h¡& {ejH$ Bg kmZ go AdJV hmoH$a AnZo {ejU H$mo CZHo$
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‘mZ{gH$ ñVam| Ho$ AZwgma ~Zm gH$Vm h¡&
2. dmVmdaU H$m ‘hÎd
1. gmoaoÝgZ H$m H$hZm h¡ {H$ {ejm H$m kmZ CÎm‘ dmVmdaU ~mbH$m|
H$s ~w{Õ Am¡a kmZ H$s d¥{Õ ‘| àe§gZr¶ ¶moJXmZ XoVm h¡& Bg ~mV
H$s OmZH$mar aIZo dmbm {ejH$ AnZo N>mÌm| Ho$ {bE CÎm‘ go CÎm‘
e¡{jH$ dmVmdaU àXmZ H$aZo H$s MoîR>m H$a gH$Vm h¡&
2. ~mbH$ AnZo n[adma, n‹S>mog, ‘whëbo Am¡a Iob Ho$ ‘¡XmZ ‘| AnZm
n¶m©á g‘¶ ì¶VrV H$aVm h¡ Am¡a Bggo à^m{dV hmoVm h¡& {ejH$
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Bgr g‘mO Ho$ dmVmdaU ‘| AnZm AZwHy$bZ H$aZm n‹S>Vm h¡& Bg
~mV go AÀN>r Vah go n[a{MV hmoZo dmbm {ejH$, {dÚmb¶ H$mo bKw
g‘mO H$m ê$n àXmZ H$aHo$ ~mbH$m| H$mo AnZo {dñV¥V g‘mO Ho$
dmVmdaU go AZwHy$bZ H$aZo H$s {ejm Xo gH$Vm h¡&
Cn¶w©³V {ddoMZ go ¶h ñnîQ> hmo OmVm h¡ {H$ {ejH$ Ho$ {bE d§emZwH«$‘
Am¡a dmVmdaU XmoZm| H$m kmZ ~hþV A{YH$ ‘hÎdnyU© h¡& Bg Vah Ho$ kmZ go
gånÝZ hmoH$a hr {ejH$ AnZo N>mÌm| H$m dm§{N>V Am¡a gÝVw{bV {dH$mg H$a
gH$Vm h¡& Bg{bE gmaoÝgZ H$m {dMma h¡ {H$
{ejH$ Ho$ {bE ‘mZd-{dH$mg na d§emZwH«$‘ Am¡a dmVmdaU Ho$ gmno{jH$ à^md Am¡a
nmañn[aH$ gå~ÝY H$m kmZ {deof ‘hÎd aIVm h¡&
d§emZwH«$‘ VWm dmVmdaU Ho$ Bg {díbofU-g§íbofU go ¶h ñnîQ> hmo
OmVm h¡ {H$ dmVmdaU VWm d§emZwH«$‘ EH$ {g³Ho$ Ho$ Xmo nhby h¢& ¶o EH$ Xÿgao
Ho$ {bE A{V A{Zdm¶© h¢& ‘mZd {dH$mg Ho$ {bE BZH$mo EH$-Xÿgao go n¥WH²$
Zhr§ {H$¶m Om gH$Vm&
**************

BZ ñWmZm| Ho$ dmVmdaU H$mo ܶmZ ‘| aIH$a hr ~mbH$ H$m C{MV

nW-àXe©Z H$aVm h¡& àJʶ àH$meZ Ûmam CTET Ed§ à˶oH$ amÁ¶ Ho$ TET (UPTET,
3. ê$W ~¢{S>³Q> H$m H$hZm h¡ {H$ ì¶{³V OÝ‘ go hr EH$ {ZpíMV MP Samvida, BTET, UTET, JTET, HTET, CGTET,
gm§ñH¥${VH$ dmVmdaU ‘| ahVm h¡ Am¡a CgHo$ AmXem] Ho$ AZwê$n hr HPTET) Ho$ {bE ‘m°S>b nona H$s ’«$s PDF àH$m{eV H$s OmVr h¡&
AmMaU H$aVm h¡& Bg V϶ H$mo OmZZo dmbm {ejH$, ~mbH$ H$mo ‘m°S>b nona H$s ’«$s PDF àmá H$aZo Ho$ {bE {ZåZ{b{IV Whatsapp
AnZm gm§ñH¥${VH$ {dH$mg H$aZo ‘| ¶moJXmZ Xo gH$Vm h¡& No. AnZo H$m°boO Ho$ ³bmg J«wn ¶m H$moqMJ Ho$ ³bmg Jw«n ¶m Aݶ ñQ>S>r
4. ¶yZoñH$mo Ho$ Hw$N> {deofkm| H$m H$hZm h¡ {H$ dmVmdaU H$m ~mbH$m| H$s Jw«n ‘| Om|S>o& AmnHo$ J«wn ‘| ‘m°S>b nona ^ooO {XE OmE±J|&
^mdZmAm| na ì¶mnH$ à^md n‹S>Vm h¡ Am¡a Cggo CZHo$ M[aÌ H$m
{Z‘m©U ^r hmoVm h¡& Bg H$WZ ‘| {dídmg H$aHo$ {ejH$, ~mbH$m| UPTET - 95301 43210
Ho$ {bE Eogo dmVmdaU H$m {Z‘m©U H$a gH$Vm h¡, {Oggo Z Ho$db MP Samvida - 95302 43210
CZH$s ^mdZmAm| H$m gÝVw{bV {dH$mg hmo, daZ² CZHo$ M[aÌ H$m BTET - 95302 43210
^r {Z‘m©U hmo gHo$& UTET - 72209 29294
JTET - 72209 29239
5. AZwHy$b dmVmdaU ‘| hr OrdZ H$m {dH$mg hmoVm h¡ Am¡a ì¶p³V AmJo HTET - 72209 29266
H$s Amoa ~‹T>Vm h¡& Bg ~mV H$mo g‘PZo dmbm {ejH$ AnZo N>mÌm| CGTET - 72209 28969
H$s ê${M¶m|, àd¥[Îm¶m| Am¡a j‘VmAm| Ho$ AZwgma dmVmdaU àXmZ HPTET - 72209 28535
H$aHo$ CZH$mo AmJo H$s Amoa ~‹T>Zo ‘| ghm¶Vm àXmZ H$a gH$Vm h¡&
6. dmVmdaU, ~mbH$ Ho$ {dH$mg H$s [Xem {ZYm©[aV H$aVm h¡&
dmVmdaU hr ¶h {ZpíMV H$aVm h¡ {H$ ~mbH$ ~‹S>m hmoH$a AÀN>m
¶m ~wam, M[aÌdmZ² ¶m M[aÌhrZ, g§¶‘r ¶m ì¶{^Mmar, ì¶mnmar ¶m

~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
 àJʶ d§emZwH«$‘ Ed§ dmVmdaU n¥îR> 59
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&

Aä¶mgmW© àíZ (1) Ho$db 1

(3) Ho$db 3
(2) Ho$db 2
(4) ¶o g^r

11. d§emZwH«$‘ d dmVmdaU H$m gå~ÝY h¡-

(1) d§emZwH«$‘ d dmVmdaU EH$ Xÿgao Ho$ {damoYr h¡&
1. d§emZwH«$‘ go A{^àm¶ h¡-
(2) d§emZwH«$‘ ‘hÎdnyU© h¡ dmVmdaU Zht&
(1) ep³V¶m±, Xmof d JwU, Omo J^m©YmZ Ho$ g‘¶ Ztd H$mof H$mo {‘bVo h¢&
(3) OrdZ d§emZwH«$‘ d dmVmdaU H$m ¶moJ h¡&
(2) do j‘VmE± Omo ~mbH$ AnZo nyd©Om| go àmßV H$aVm h¡&
(4) g‘ñV Xmofm| H$m H$maU dmVmdaU h¡&
(3) Bg‘| emar[aH$ d ‘mZ{gH$ ep³V¶m± AmVr h¢&
(4) Cnamo³V g^r 12. ~mbH$m| ‘| d§emZwH«$‘ Ho$ H$maU nm¶r OmVr h¡-
(1) emar[aH$ {d{^ÝZVm (2) e¡{jH$ {d{^ÝZVm
2. d§emZwJVVm H$m {ZYm©aU hmoVm h¡-
(3) AmMaU H$s {d{^ÝZVm (4) gånÝZVm H$s {d{^ÝZVm
(1) OrÝg Ho$ Ûmam (2) H«$mo‘mogmoåg Ho$ Ûmam
(3) ݶyam°Ýg Ho$ Ûmam (4) g^r 13. AmZwd§{eH$Vm Ho$ ‘yb g§dmhH$ ‘mZo OmVo h¢-
(1) àmoQ>rZ (2) {dQ>m{‘Ýg
3. d§eH«$‘ {gÕmÝV Ho$ à{VnmXH$ h¢-
(3) OrÝg (4) H$m~m}hmBS´>oQ²>g
(1) JmëQ>Z (2) drO‘¡Z
(3) ‘¡ÊS>b (4) gmoaoZZ 14. {H$gr ~ÀMo Ho$ D$na d§emZwH«$‘ go n‹S>Zo dmbm à^md Zht h¡-
(1) emar[aH$ bjUm| na à^md
4. ‘mVm-{nVm go gÝVmZm| H$mo àmßV hmoZo dmbo JwUm| H$mo ³¶m H$hVo h¢?
(2) ~w{Õ na à^md
(1) d§e (2) d§emZwH«$‘
(3) M[aÌ na à^md
(3) dmVmdaU (4) BZ‘| go H$moB© Zht
(4) Cn¶w©³V ‘| go H$moB© Zht
5. AmZwd§{eH$Vm H$mo ........... gm‘m{OH$ g§aMZm ‘mZm OmVm h¡&
15. ‘mZd ì¶p³VËd n[aUm‘ h¡-
(1) Jm¡U (2) J˶mË‘H$
(1) Ho$db AmZwd§{eH$Vm H$m
(3) pñWa (4) àmW{‘H$
(2) nmbZ-nmofU Am¡a {ejm H$m
6. ~w{Õ H$mo à^m{dV H$aZo dmbm ‘hÎdnyU© H$maH$ H$m¡Zgm h¡? (3) AmZwd§{eH$Vm Am¡a dmVmdaU H$s AÝV…{H«$¶m H$m
(1) dmVmdaU (2) AmZwd§{eH$Vm (4) Ho$db dmVmdaU H$m
(3) Cn¶w©³V XmoZm| hr (4) BZ‘| go H$moB© Zht
16. ì¶p³VËd {dH$mg ‘| ......... EH$ ‘hÎdnyU© ^y{‘H$m H$m {Zdm©h H$aVm h¡&
7. d§eH«$‘ gå~ÝYr {Z¶‘ h¡- (1) AmZwd§{eH$Vm
(1) g‘mZVm H$m {Z¶‘ (2) {d{^ÝZVm {Z¶‘ (2) dmVmdaU
(3) à˶mJ‘Z H$m {Z¶‘ (4) Cnamo³V g^r (3) AmZwd§{eH$Vm Am¡a dmVmdaU H$m {‘lU
(4) narjmAm| H$s g§»¶m
8. ‘mVm-{nVm go d§eOm| ‘| ñWmZmÝV[aV hmoZo dmbo bjUm| H$mo H$hm OmVm
h¡- 17. ~mbH$m| ‘| nm¶r OmZo dmbr OÝ‘OmV {d{^ÝZVmAm| Ho$ {bE CÎmaXm¶r
(1) n¶m©daU (2) OrZ à‘wI H$maH$ H$m¡Zgm h¡?
(3) AmZwd§{eH$Vm (4) hmoå¶moñQ>¡{gg (1) n¶m©daU (2) d§emZwH«$‘
(3) g‘mO (4) Om{V-Y‘©
9. ì¶p³VËd Ed§ ~w{Õ ‘| d§emZwH«$‘ H$s-
(1) Zm‘‘mÌ H$s ^y{‘H$m h¡& (2) ‘hÎdnyU© ^y{‘H$m h¡& 18. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgm ‘w»¶ ê$n go AmZwd§{eH$Vm gå~ÝYr H$maH$
(3) Anydm©Zw‘o¶ ^y{‘H$m h¡& (4) AmH$f©H$ ^y{‘H$m h¡& h¡?
(1) Am±Imo H$m a§J
10. AmZwd§{eH$Vm VWm dmVmdaU nañna h¢- (2) gm‘m{OH$ J{V{d{Y¶m| ‘| ^mJrXm[aVm
1. {Z^©a 2. nyaH$ (3) g‘H$j ì¶p³V¶m| Ho$ g‘yh Ho$ à{V A{^d¥{Îm
3. gh¶moJr (4) {MÝVZ n¡Q>Z©
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18.
(4) (1) (3) (2) (3) (3) (4) (3) (1) (4) (3) (1) (3) (4) (3) (3) (2) (1)

~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
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 n¥îR> 60 d§emZwH«$‘ Ed§ dmVmdaU àJʶ

19. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go .......... Ho$ A{V[a³V g^r dmVmdaUr¶ H$maH$ 26. ~mbH$ ³¶m h¡? CgH$s j‘Vm ³¶m h¡? CgH$m n¶m©ßV {dH$mg ³¶m|
{dH$mg H$mo AmH$ma XoVo h¢& Zht hmo nm ahm h¡? Am{X àíZm| H$m/Ho$ CÎmaXm¶r VÎd h¡/h¢-
(1) nm¡pîQ>H$Vm H$s JwUdÎmm (2) g§ñH¥${V 1. d§emZwH«$‘ 2. dmVmdaU
(3) {ejm H$s JwUmË‘H$Vm (4) emar[aH$ JR>Z (1) Ho$db 1 (2) 1 Ed§ 2 XmoZm|
(3) Ho$db 2 (4) BZ‘| go H$moB© Zht
20. ~mø dmVmdaU Ho$ AÝVJ©V {ZåZ ‘| H$m¡Zgr n[apñW{V AmVr h¡?
(1) ^m¡{VH$ (2) gm‘m{OH$ 27. ~ÀMo Ho$ {dH$mg ‘| AmZwd§{eH$Vm Am¡a dmVmdaU H$s ^y{‘H$m Ho$ ~mao ‘|
(3) gm§ñH¥${VH$ (4) Cn¶w©³V g^r {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgm g˶ h¡?
(1) AmZwd§{eH$Vm Am¡a dmVmdaU XmoZm| EH$ ~ÀMo Ho$ {dH$mg ‘| 50-50%
21. {nN>‹S>onZ H$m H$maH$ Zht h¡- ¶moJXmZ aIVo h¢&

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(1) emar[aH$ (2) ñd^md gå~ÝYr (2) g‘d¶ñH$m| Am¡a {nÌ¡H$ (genes) H$m gmnoj ¶moJXmZ ¶moJmË‘H$ Zht
(3) d§emZwH«$‘ (4) amOZr{VH$ hmoVm&
(3) AmZwd§{eH$Vm Am¡a dmVmdaU EH$gmW n[aMm{bV Zht hmoVo&
22. {nN>‹S>onZ H$m/Ho$ ‘yb H$maH$ h¡/h¢-
(1) d§emZwH«$‘ (4) ghO ê$PmZ dmVmdaU go gå~pÝYV h¡, O~{H$ dmñV{dH$ {dH$mg Ho$
(2) dmVmdaU {bE AmZwd§{eH$Vm Oê$ar h¡&
(3) 1 d 2 XmoZm| 28. Amn {Xëbr Ho$ {H$gr Ho$ÝÐr¶ {dÚmb¶ ‘| {ejH$ h¢& AmnH$s H$jm H$m
(4) BZ‘| go H$moB© Zht
EH$ N>mÌ A’$μOb {h‘mMb àXoe H$m ahZo dmbm h¡ VWm EH$ Aݶ N>mÌ
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23. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgm/go {H$gr ~ÀMo na AmZwd§{eH$Vm H$m/Ho$ gwXrn Ho$ab H$m ‘yb {Zdmgr h¡& Amn XmoZm| Ho$ a§J, ê$n, ñd^md Am{X
à^md h¡/h¢¡? ‘| H$m’$s {d{^ÝZVmE± XoIVo h¡& BgH$m à‘wI H$maU hmo gH$Vm h¡-
1. {d{eîQ> emar[aH$ bjU (1) dmVmdaUr¶ à^md
2. {d{eîQ> ~w{Õ (2) {dÚmb¶ ‘| XmoZm| H$m e¡{jH$ ñVa
3. {d{eîQ> M[aÌ (3) AmnH$s {ejU {d{Y
(1) Ho$db 1 (2) Ho$db 2 (4) Cnamo³V g^r
(3) 1 Ed§ 2 (4) ¶o g^r
29. à˶oH$ N>mÌ ñd¶§ ‘| {d{^ÝZ h¡& Bg V϶ H$m à‘wI H$maU ³¶m h¡?
1. ^m¡{VH$ dmVmdaU 2. gm‘m{OH$ dmVmdaU
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24. AmnH$s H$jm H$m EH$ N>mÌ ~w{Õ go ~hþV loîR> h¡, bo{H$Z eara go
H$m’$s H$‘Omoa h¡& Amn CgHo$ {nVm go {‘bVo h¢ VWm XoIVo h¢ {H$ 3. d§emZwH«$‘
(1) Ho$db 1 (2) 1 Ed§ 2
CgH$o {nVm ^r ~w{Õ go Vmo loîR> h¢, {H$ÝVw eara go H$m’$s H$‘Omoa h¡&
(3) 1 Ed§ 3 (4) ¶o g^r
AmnHo$ AZwgma BgH$m ³¶m H$maU hmo gH$Vm h¡?
(1) nm¡pîQ>H$ ^moOZ H$m A^md 30. AmO ~mbmnamY H$s KQ>ZmE± ~‹T>Vr Om ahr h¢, {OgHo$ H$maUde {ejU
(2) {nN>bo H$B© dfm] H$s ~r‘mar àUmbr ‘| O{Q>bVmE± Am ahr h¢& AmnHo$ AZwgma BgH$m à‘wI H$maU ³¶m h¡?
(3) AmZwd§{eH$Vm H$m à^md 1. Xÿ{fV d§emZwH«$‘ 2. Xÿ{fV gm‘m{OH$ dmVmdaU
(4) Cnamo³V ‘| go H$moB© Zht 3. Xÿ{fV n[adoe
(1) Ho$db 1 (2) Ho$db 2
25. AmnH$s H$jm H$m EH$ N>mÌ, H$jm ‘| amoO AZwemgZhrZVm H$aVm h¡&
(3) Ho$db 3 (4) ¶o g^r
Amn Bg g‘ñ¶m Ho$ g‘mYmZ hoVw {ZåZ ‘| go ³¶m Cnm¶ AnZmE±Jo?
(1) CgHo$ d§emZwH«$‘ VWm dmVmdaU H$m nVm bJmH$a CgH$m ghr {Xem ‘| 31. ~ÀMo H$s AmZwd§{eH$Vm Ûmam {ZYm©[aV gr‘mAm| Ho$ ^rVa gdm}Îm‘
‘mJ©Xe©Z H$a|Jo& gå^m{dV {dH$mg Ho$ {bE EH$ {ejH$ H$mo ³¶m H$aZm Mm{hE?
(2) N>mÌ H$mo amoO nrQ>|Jo, O~ VH$ {H$ dh H$jm ‘| AZwemgZhrZVm H$aZm (1) Cgo ~mbH$ Ho$ n[adoe ‘| gwYma H$aZm Mm{hE&
Zht N>mo‹S> XoVm h¡& (2) Cgo ~mbH$ H$mo A{YH$-go-A{YH$ nwñVH$ n‹T>Zo H$s gbmh XoZr Mm{hE&
(3) ñHy$b go CgH$m Zm‘ H$mQ>Zo Ho$ {bE àYmZmMm¶© go H$h|Jo& (3) Cgo Iob-Hy$X ‘§o A{YH$-go-A{YH$ ^mJ boZo H$s gbmh XoZr Mm{hE&
(4) CgH$mo BbmO Ho$ {bE {H$gr AÀN>o ‘Zmo{M{H$ËgH$ Ho$ nmg boH$a OmE±Jo& (4) Cgo {dH$mg Ho$ {bE ào[aV H$aZm Mm{hE&

19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31.
(4) (4) (4) (3) (4) (3) (1) (2) (2) (1) (4) (4) (1)

~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
 àJʶ d§emZwH«$‘ Ed§ dmVmdaU n¥îR> 61
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
32. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go {H$g àH$ma Ho$ {dH$mg na AmZwd§{eH$Vm Ed§ 39. ê${M¶m|, ‘ybàd¥{Îm¶m| Ed§ ñdm^m{dH$ AmdoJm| H$m ñdñW {dH$mg hmo
dmVmdaU H$m à^md n‹S>Vm h¡? gH$Vm h¡ ¶{X-
1. gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg (1) d§emZwH«$‘ ñdñW hmo
2. g§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mg (2) ~mbH$ H$m ñdmñ϶ AÀN>m hmo
3. ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg (3) ‘mVm-{nVm {e{jV hmo
4. emar[aH$ {dH$mg (4) dmVmdaU {Og‘| ahVm h¡, ñdñW hmoZm Mm{hE&
(1) Ho$db 4 (2) 1 Ed§ 2
(3) 1,2 Ed§ 3 (4) ¶o g^r 40. ~mbH$ na dmVmdaU {H$g àH$ma H$m à^md S>mbVm h¡?
(1) emar[aH$ g§aMZm na à^md
33. {H$gr ~mbH$ H$m emar[aH$ bjU à^m{dV hmoVm h¡- (2) ~w{Õ na à^md
(1) Ho$db {nVm Ho$ S>r.EZ.E. go (3) ì¶p³VËd na à^md
(2) Ho$db ‘mVm Ho$ S>r.EZ.E. go (4) ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg na à^md
(3) ‘mVm Ed§ {nVm XmoZm| Ho$ S>r.EZ.E. go ghr {dH$ën MwZ|-
(4) Z Vmo ‘mVm Ho$ Am¡a Z hr {nVm Ho$ S>r.EZ.E. go (1) Ho$db 1 ghr (2) Ho$db 2 ghr
(3) Ho$db 3 ghr (4) g^r 1 go 4 ghr
34. ~mbH$ Ho$ gånyU© ì¶dhma H$s g¥pîQ> ........... Am¡a ........... H$s AÝV…
{H«$¶m Ûmam hmoVr h¡& 41. d§emZwH«$‘ ~mbH$ H$mo {H$g$ T>§J go à^m{dV H$aVm h¡?
(1) ‘mVm-{nVm Ho$ ì¶dhma 1 emar[aH$ JwUm| na à^md
(2) CgHo$ {‘Ìm|, ^mB©-~hZm| Ho$ ì¶dhma 2 ‘yb àd¥{Îm¶m| na à^md
(3) CgHo$ {ejH$m|, A{^^mdH$m| Ho$ ì¶dhma 3 ~m¡{ÕH$ ¶mo½¶VmAm| na à^md
(4) AmZwd§{eH$Vm, dmVmdaU 4 ì¶mdgm{¶H$ H$m¡ebm| na à^md
(1) Ho$db 1 ghr (2) Ho$db 2 ghr
35. ~ÀMo Ho$ {dH$mg ‘| CgHo$ n[adoe H$m Omo à^md Cg na n‹S>Vm h¡, Cgo (3) Ho$db 3 ghr (4) g^r 1 go 4 ghr
h‘ .......... H$hVo h¢&
(1) nmbZ-nmofU (2) gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg 42. {ZåZ ‘| go ‘Zmo{dkmZ H$s {df¶dñVw H$s à‘wI {deofVm ³¶m h¡?
(3) g§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mg (4) n[adoe Ho$ bm^ (1) n[adV©ZerbVm (2) AmZwd§{eH$Vm H$m à^md
(3) O{Q>bVm (4) Cn¶w©³V g^r
36. n[adoe Ho$ à^md, ‘mZd Ho$ ........... Am¡a .......... XmoZm| MaUm| ‘|
~hþV hr ‘hÎdnyU© h¢& 43. {dÚmb¶ dmVmdaU gå~ÝYr {ZåZ{b{IV H$maH$m| ‘| go ~w{Õ H$mo
(1) gm‘m{OH$, Am{W©H$ gdm©{YH$ à^m{dV H$aZo dmbm H$maH$ H$m¡Zgm h¡?
(2) g‘mO, {dÚmb¶ ‘| {ejm (1) AZwemgZ (2) nmR²>¶H«$‘ gå~ÝYr {H«$¶mH$bmn
(3) àgd-nyd©, àgd Ho$ CnamÝV (3) nmR²>¶H«$‘ (4) Cn¶w©³V g^r
(4) n[adma, {dÚmb¶ ‘| {dH$mg
44. ‘ÝX~w{Õ ‘mVm-{nVm H$s gÝVmZ ‘ÝX~w{Õ VWm à{V^membr ‘mVm-
37. ~mbH$ H$mo Omo ‘yb àd¥[Îm¶m± ........... go àmßV hmoVr h¡, CZH$m {dH$mg {nVm H$s gÝVmZ Vrd« ~w{Õ dmbr hmoVr h¡& ¶h à{gÕ emoY {ZîH$f©
........... ‘| hmoVm h¡& gd©àW‘ {ZåZ ‘| go {H$gZo {X¶m Wm?
(1) dmVmdaU, d§emZwH«$‘ (2) d§emZwH«$‘, dmVmdaU (1) {JãgZ Zo (2) JmoS>mS>© Zo
(3) n[adma, {dÚmb¶ (4) g‘mO, n[adma (3) J¡argZ Zo (4) {Jb’$moS>© Zo

38. ~mbH$ Ho$ gå¶H²$ {dH$mg Ho$ {bE {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| {H$ZH$m gh¶moJ 45. ì¶p³VËd Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘| g‘mOempñ̶m| H$m ‘V ³¶m h¡?
gdm©{YH$ A{Zdm¶© h¡? (1) ì¶p³VËd dh h¡, Omo n¡V¥H$ {damgV go ‘w³V ahVm h¡&
(1) CgHo$ {dÚmb¶ Am¡a n[adma H$m (2) ì¶p³VËd dh h¡, Omo OÝ‘ go {dÚ‘mZ ahVm h¡&
(2) CgHo$ d§emZwH«$‘ Am¡a dmVmdaU H$m (3) g§ñH¥${V, ì¶p³VËd H$mo n[a‘m{O©V H$aVr h¡&
(3) CgHo$ n[adma Am¡a g‘mO H$m (4) ì¶p³VËd g‘yh g§ñH¥${V go à^m{dV Ed§ n[ad{V©V hmoVm h¡&
(4) CgHo$ g‘mO Am¡a amîQ´> H$m

32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45.
(4) (3) (4) (1) (3) (2) (2) (1) (4) (4) (4) (4) (2) (4)

~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
 n¥îR> 62 d§emZwH«$‘ Ed§ dmVmdaU àJʶ

46. ¶{X ‘mVm-{nVm AnZo ~mbH$m| ‘| nañna ^oX^md H$aVo h¢, Vmo Eogo 54. dh à{H«$¶m {OgHo$ Ûmam ‘mVm-{nVm ¶h AZw‘mZ bJmVo h¢ {H$ CZHo$
n[adoe ‘| ~mbH$m| H$m {dH$mg {ZåZ ‘| go {H$g àH$ma hmoJm? ~ÀMo ‘| g^r gH$mamË‘H$ JwU h¢, ³¶m|{H$ EH$ JwU gH$mamË‘H$ h¡,
(1) B©î¶m©¶w³V (2) {ZînjVmnyU© H$hbmVr h¡-
(3) gm‘mݶ (4) njnmVnyU© (1) n[adoe H$m à^md (2) hmdWm}Z H$m à^md
(3) à^md H$m {Z¶‘ (4) à{Vbmon n[adoe H$m à^md
47. CÀM ~m¡{ÕH$ ¶mo½¶VmE± d§emZwH«$‘ H$m n[aUm‘ h¡& gd©àW‘ Cnamo³V
V϶ H$s nwpîQ> {H$g ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ Zo H$s Wr? 55. Xmo Ow‹S>dm± ~ÀMm| H$mo Xmo AbJ-AbJ ñWmZ na aIm OmVm h¡& EH$
(1) S>m{d©Z (2) JmëQ>Z ñWmZ na Ohm± Y‘©, g§ñH¥${V, g§ñH$ma Am{X H$m dmVmdaU h¡, dht
(3) e¡ëS>Z (4) dmQ>gZ Xÿgao ñWmZ na AÝY{dídmg Am¡a ê${‹T>dmX H$m dmVmdaU h¡& ~ÀMm| Ho$
~‹S>o hmoZo na CZHo$ {dMmam| na à^md S>mbZo dmbm dmVmdaUr¶ H$maH$

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48. ‘mVm-{nVm H$s emar[aH$ Ed§ ‘mZ{gH$ {deofVmAm| H$m gÝVmZm| ‘|
hmoJm?
hñVmÝVaU hmoZm d§emZwH«$‘ h¡& ¶h H$WZ h¡-
(1) ^m¡{VH$ H$maH$ (2) gm‘m{OH$ H$maH$
(1) Ooåg S´>oda H$m (2) dwS>dW© H$m
(3) Am{W©H$ H$maH$ (4) gm§ñH¥${VH$ H$maH$
(3) ~r. EZ. Pm H$m (4) ê$W ~|{S>³Q> H$m

49. dmVmdaU dh ~mhar ep³V h¡, Omo h‘| à^m{dV H$aVr h¡& ¶h H$WZ
h¡- ~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ *******
(1) dwS>dW© H$m 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm
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(2) am°g H$m h¡ & AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡ {H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV AJa Amn B.Ed, D.Ed, BSTC ¶m {ejU AܶmnZ Ho$ joÌ ‘| n‹T>mB© H$a
(3) {Oñ~Q>© H$m g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ>
aho h¢ Vmo Amngo {ZdoXZ h¡ {H$ {ZåZ{b{IV Whatsapp No. AnZr H$jm Ho$
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(4) EZmñQ>ar H$m ìhmQ²>gEn Jw«n ‘| Omo‹S>|& AJa AmnH$m ìhmQ²>gEn Jw«n Zht ~Zm hþAm h¡ Vmo H¥$n¶m
go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
H$‘ go H$‘ 20 {dÚmWu {‘bH$a ìhmQ²>gEn Jw«n ~Zm b|&
50. Ag‘m¶moOZ, ì¶p³V Am¡a CgHo$ dmVmdaU ‘| AgÝVwbZ H$m CëboI UPTET - 95301 43210
H$aVm h¡& ¶h H$WZ h¡- MP Samvida - 95302 43210
(1) ~mo[a¨J H$m BTET - 95302 43210
(2) b¢J’o$ëS> H$m UTET - 72209 29294
(3) JoQ²>g d Aݶ H$m JTET - 72209 29239
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(4) S´>oda H$m HTET - 72209 29266

CGTET - 72209 28969
51. ‘mZ{gH$ ñdmñ϶ H$m AW© dmñV{dH$Vm Ho$ YamVb na dmVmdaU go HPTET - 72209 28535
n¶m©ßV gm‘§Oñ¶ H$aZo H$s ¶mo½¶Vm h¡& ¶h H$WZ h¡-
(1) b¡S>ob H$m (2) S´>oda H$m AmnHo$ ³bmg Ho$ ìhmQ²>gEn Jw«n ‘| {ejm g§~§Yr g^r à{V¶moJr narjm Ho$ nong©,
(3) pñH$Za H$m (4) H«$mo Ed§ H«$mo H$m ‘m°S>b nong© Ed§ Aݶ Aܶ¶Z gm‘J«r ^oOr OmEJr& AmnH$m ewê$ go ‘mJ©Xe©Z
{H$¶m OmEJm, Vm{H$ Amn à{V¶moJr narjm ‘| A{VerK« g’$bVm àmá H$a gH|$&
52. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go {H$go ~mb-AnamY H$s loUr ‘| aIm Om gH$Vm h¡?
(1) Mmoar H$aZm
(2) n‹T>Zo ‘| Aê${M hmoZm
(3) Iob-Hy$X ‘| ‘Z bJmZm
(4) BZ‘| go H$moB© Zht

53. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go {H$go ~mb-AnamY H$s loUr ‘| aIm Om gH$Vm h¡?

(1) ‘mVm-{nVm H$s ~mV Z ‘mZZm
(2) JÝXr ^mfm H$m à¶moJ H$aZm
(3) AmdmamJXu H$aZm
(4) Cnamo³V g^r

46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55.
(1) (2) (3) (2) (3) (1) (1) (4) (1) (4)

~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
 àJʶ A{YJ‘ n¥îR> 63

Aܶm¶ 5
A{YJ‘
5.1 àñVmdZm 1. pñH$Za Ho$ AZwgma-
ì¶dhma Ho$ AO©Z ‘| CÝZ{V H$s à{H«$¶m H$mo A{^J‘ H$hVo h¢&
{ejm ‘Zmo{dkmZ Ho$ joÌ ‘| A{YJ‘ H$m ‘hÎdnyU© ñWmZ h¡ ³¶m|{H$ {ejm
‘Zmo{dkmZ A{YJ‘ H$m {dkmZ h¡& A{YJ‘ EH$ ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ à[H«$¶m h¡ VWm 2. H«$mo d H«$mo Ho$ AZwgma-
{H$gr ^r {ejm àUmbr ‘| BgH$m ‘hÎdnyU© ñWmZ h¡& ‘Zwî¶ EH$ OÝ‘OmV kmZ Am¡a A{^d¥{Îm H$s àm{á hr A{YJ‘ h¡&
A{YJ‘erb àmUr h¡& BgH$m CXmhaU h‘| ‘hm^maV H$mb go àmá hmoVm h¡&

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‘hm^maV H$mb ‘| dra A{^‘ݶw Zo ‘m± Ho$ J^© ‘o§ hr MH«$ì¶yh Vmo‹S>Zo H$m kmZ 3. JoQ²>g Ho$ AZwgma-
àmá {H$¶m Wm& ¶h A{YJ‘ H$m hr n[aUm‘ h¡, {Oggo AmO {díd Zo BVZr A{YJ‘ AZw^d Ûmam ì¶dhma H$m emoY h¡&
A{YH$ àJ{V Am¡a {dH$mg H$mo àmá H$a {b¶m h¡& h‘ N>mÌ H$mo {e{jV H$aZm
MmhVo h¡, Omo dmñV{dH$ ê$n go grIZm ¶m A{YJ‘ hr h¡, {Oggo dh {ejm 4. JwWar Ho$ AZwgma-
àmá H$aVm h¡& A{YJ‘ {H$gr n[apñW{V ‘| {^ÝZ T>§J go H$m¶© H$aZo H$s j‘Vm h¡, Omo n[apñW{V
Ho$ AZwgma nyd© AZw^dm| Ho$ H$maU AmVr h¡&
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5.2 A{YJ‘ H$m AW© 5. Ama. Eg. dwS>dW© Ho AZwgma-

A{YJ‘ AZw^d Ho$ n[aUm‘ñdê$n àmUr Ho$ ì¶dhma ‘| Hw$N> n[a‘mO©Z h¡, Omo H$‘
A{YJ‘ H$m AW© h¡ grIZm& A{YJ‘ EH$ ì¶mnH$ eãX h¡, Omo OÝ‘OmV
go H$‘ Hw$N> g‘¶ Ho$ {bE àmUr Ûmam YmaU {H$¶m OmVm h¡&
à{V{H«$¶mAm| na AmYm[aV h¡& ì¶p³V AnZr OÝ‘OmV àd¥{Îm¶m| go ào[aV hmoH$a
Omo {H«$¶m H$aVm h¡ CgHo$ ’$bñdê$n dh {H$gr ZdrZ n[apñW{V Ho$ gånH©$ ‘| 6. nrb Ho$ AZwgma-
AmVm h¡& O~ dh AnZo nwamZo AZw^dm| Ho$ AmYma na Bg ZdrZ n[apñW{V Ûmam A{YJ‘ ì¶[³V ‘| ì¶dhma n[adV©Z h¡, Omo CgHo$ dmVmdaU Ho$ n[adV©Zm| Ho$
AnZr àd¥{Îm¶m| H$mo gÝVwîQ> Zht H$a nmVm h¡, Vmo dh Bg n[apñW{V Ho$ gmW AZwgaU go hmoVm h¡&
g‘m¶moOZ H$aZo H$m à¶ËZ H$aVm h¡& n[aUm‘V… dh AnZo CZ ì¶dhmam| H$mo
N>mo‹S> XoVm h¡, Omo C³V n[apñW{V Ho$ AZwHy$b Zht hmoVo h¢ Am¡a ZdrZ n[apñW{V 7. qH$½Obo VWm J¡ar Ho$ AZwgma-
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Ho$ AZwHy$b ì¶dhmam| H$mo AnZmZo bJVm h¡& Bg àH$ma CgHo$ ì¶dhma AZw^dm| A{YJ‘ EH$ Eogr à{H«$¶m h¡ {OgHo$ Ûmam ì¶dhma H$m Aä¶mg ¶m Q´oqZJ Ûmam OÝ‘
Ho$ AmYma na n[ad{V©V Am¡a n[a‘m{O©V hmoVo ahVo h¢& CXmhaUmW©, {eew Ho$ hmoVm h¡ ¶m Cg‘| n[adV©Z hmoVm h¡&
gm‘Zo XrnH$ bo OmZo na dh ñdm^m{dH$ ê$n go CgH$s bm¡ H$mo nH$‹S>Zo Ho$ {b¶o 8. {Jb’$moS>© Ho$ AZwgma-
hmW ~‹T>mVm h¡, {H$ÝVw bm¡ hmW ‘| bJVo hr Cgo ObZ H$m AZw^d hmoVm h¡ Am¡a
ì¶dhma Ho$ H$maU ì¶dhma ‘| n[adV©Z hr A{YJ‘ h¡&
dh hmW ItM boVm h¡& nwZ… O~ H$^r CgHo$ gm‘Zo XrnH$ bm¶m OmVm h¡ V~
dh AnZo AZw^d Ho$ AmYma na A~ H$s ~ma bm¡ H$mo nH$‹S>Zo Ho$ {bE hmW Zht 9. H$m°b{dZ Ho$ AZwgma-
~‹T>mVm h¢ daZ² dh Cggo Xÿa ^mJZo H$m à¶mg H$aVm h¡& Bg àH$ma AZw^d Ho$ nhbo go {Z{‘©V ì¶dhma ‘| AZw^dm| Ûmam hþE n[adV©Z H$mo A{YJ‘ H$hVo h¢&
AmYma na CgHo$ ñdm^m{dH$ ì¶dhma ‘| n[adV©Z hmo OmVm h¡& ‘Zmo{dkmZ Ho$
AÝVJ©V Bg àH$ma Ho$ ñdm^m{dH$ ì¶dhma ‘| hmoZo dmbo àJ{Verb n[adV©Z ¶m 10. ‘m°J©Z Am¡a {Jbrb¡ÊS> Ho$ AZwgma-
n[a‘mO©Z H$mo hr A{YJ‘ H$hVo h¢& A{YJ‘ AZw^d Ho$ n[aUm‘ñdê$n àmUr Ho$ ì¶dhma ‘| Hw$N> n[a‘mO©Z h¡, Omo H$‘
go H$‘ Hw$N> g‘¶ Ho$ {bE àmUr Ûmam YmaU {H$¶m OmVm h¡&

11. ‘’$s© Ho$ AZwgma-

5.3 A{YJ‘ H$s n[a^mfmE± grIZm ì¶dhma Am¡a ÑpîQ>H$moU XmoZm| H$m n[a‘mO©Z h¡&
‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| Zo A{^J‘ Ho$ AW© Ed§ {H«$¶m H$mo ñnîQ> H$aZo Ho$ {b¶o AnZo 12. brO Ho$ AZwgma-
AZwgma grIZo H$s AZoH$ n[a^mfmE± Xr h¢& BZ‘| go Hw$N> à‘wI n[a^mfmE±
AZw^d Ho$ n[aUm‘ñdê$n, ì¶dhma ‘| àX{e©V n[adV©Z hr A{YJ‘ h¡&
{ZåZ[b{IV h¢-
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
 n¥îR> 64 A{YJ‘
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
13. hoZar pñ‘W Ho$ AZwgma-
AZw^d Ho$ n[aUm‘ñdê$n Z¶o ì¶dhma H$m dU©Z AWdm nwamZo ì¶dhma H$m
gwÑ‹T>rH$aU hr A{YJ‘ h¡&
14. {hbJmS>© Ho$ AZwgma
grIZm dh à{H«$¶m h¡, {Og‘| Z¶r {H«$¶m H$m OÝ‘ hmoVm h¡ AWdm gm‘Zo AmB©
n[apñW{V Ho$ AZwHy$b Cg‘| C{MV n[adV©Z {H$¶m OmVm h¡&
15. Or.S>r. ~m°O Ho$ AZwgma
A{YJ‘ EH$ à{H«$¶m h¡ {OgHo$ Ûmam ì¶[³V {d{^ÝZ AmXV|, kmZ Ed§ ÑpîQ>H$moU
gm‘mݶ OrdZ H$s ‘m±Jm| H$s ny{V© Ho$ {bE A{O©V H$aVm h¡&
16. àogr Ho$ AwZgma
A{YJ‘ EH$ AZw^d h¡ {OgHo$ Ûmam H$m¶© ‘| n[adV©Z Ed§ g‘m¶moOZ hmoVm h¡ VWm
ì¶dhma H$s {d{Y àmá hmoVr h¡&
17. Ebo³OoÊS>a Ho$ AZwgma
A{YJ‘ H$mo ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ H$m¶moª VWm àmUr H$s {deofVmoAm| ‘| H«${‘H$ g§emoYZ
H$s à{H«$¶m H$hVo h¢& ¶h AmÝV[aH$ VWm ~mø H$maUm| Ûmam {ZYm©[aV hmoVm h¡ Ed§ ¶h
g‘m¶moOZ VWm AZwHy$brH$aU H$s Amoa g§Ho$V H$aVm h¡&
18. Hw$ßnyñdm‘r Ho$ AZwgma
A{YJ‘ dh à{H«$¶m h¡ {OgHo$ Ûmam EH$ Ord, EH$ n[apñW{V ‘| CgHo$ AÝV… {H«$¶m
Ho$ n[aUm‘ Ho$ ê$n ‘§o ì¶dhma H$m EH$ ZdrZ à{Vê$n A{O©V H$aVm h¡, Omo Hw$N> A§e
VH$ pñWamoÝ‘wI ahVm h¡ VWm Ord Ho$ gm‘mݶ ì¶dhma à{V‘mZ H$mo à^m{dV H$aVm h¡&
19. CX¶ nmarH$ H$o AZwgma
A{YJ‘ kmZmË‘H$, Jm‘H$ AWdm ì¶dhmaJV {Zdoem| H$s Amdí¶H$Vm n‹S>Zo na
CZHo$ à^mdmË‘H$ Ed§ {d{^ÝZ à¶moJ hoVw A{YJ«hU, AmË‘rH$aU d AmÝVarH$aU H$aZo
VWm AmJm‘r ñdMm{bV A{YJ‘ H$s ~‹T>r hþB© j‘Vm H$s Amoa bo OmZo dmbr à{H«$¶m h¡&
20. S>m°. {Xp½dO¶ nMm¡ar Ho$ AZwgma
A{YJ‘ ì¶dhma ‘| gmno{jH$ ñWm¶r n[adV©Z h¡ Omo Aä¶mg Ho$ n[aUm‘ñdê$n hmoVm
h¡& ¶h n[adV©Z {Xem {deof ‘| hmoVm h¡ {Oggo ì¶[³V H$s {dÚ‘mZ àoaH$ AdñWmAm|
H$s gÝVwpîQ> hmoVr h¡&
Cn¶w©³V n[a^mfmAm| Ho$ AZwgma A{YJ‘ EH$ A{O©V {H«$¶m h¡ Omo
à{ejU go àmá hmoVr h¡& A{YJ‘ H$s à{H«$¶m ‘| ‘Zwî¶ H$m à¶ËZ g{ÝZ{hV h¡&
‘Zwî¶ Bgo AmXV, kmZ Am¡a ‘Zmod¥{Îm¶m| go àmá H$aVm h¡, {Oggo OrdZ H$s
‘m±J nyar hmoVr h¡ & Bgo ‘Zwî¶ ZB© n[apñW{V¶m| go AZwHy$bZ H$aH$o àmá H$aVm
h¡& AV… OrdZ H$s g’$bVm Ho$ {bE A{YJ‘ A˶ÝV Amdí¶H$ h¡&
A{YJ‘ gå~ÝYr n[a^mfmAm| H$m JhZ Aܶ¶Z H$aZo na {ZåZ V϶
gm‘Zo AmVo h¢-
1. A{YJ‘ H$s à{H«$¶m Ûmam ì¶dhma ‘| n[adV©Z hmoVm h¡&
2. ì¶dhma ‘| n[adV©Z nyd© AZw^dm| na AmYm[aV hmoVm h¡&
3. ì¶dhma ‘| hmoZo dmbo n[adV©Z H$m à^md Hw$N> g‘¶ VH$ ~Zm ahVm
h¡&
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
àJʶ
4. A{YJ‘ ì¶dhma H$m n[a‘mO©Z h¡&
5. A{YJ‘ Ho$ Ûmam ì¶dhma ‘| hmoZo dmbm n[adV©Z ~mø ê$n go {XImB©
Xo ^r gH$Vm h¡ ¶m Zht ^r&
6. A{YJ‘ Ho$ Ûmam {ejmWu Ho$ kmZmË‘H$, ^mdmË‘H$ VWm {H«$¶mË‘H$
njm| H$m {dH$mg hmoVm h¡&
5.4 A{YJ‘ H$m ñdê$n
grIZo H$mo n[adV©Z, gwYma, {dH$mg, CÝZ{V VWm g‘m¶moOZ Ho$ Vwë¶ ‘mZm
OmVm h¡& ¶h Ho$db ñHy$b H$s {ejm, gmB©{H$b MbmZo, n‹T>Zo ¶m Q>mBn H$aZo
VH$ gr{‘V Zht ~pëH$ ¶h EH$ {demb eãX h¡, {OgH$m ì¶[³V na Jham à^md
n‹S>Vm h¡& grIZo Ho$ ~mao ‘| g^r ‘Zwî¶m| H$m AnZm-AnZm AbJ ÑpîQ>H$moU h¡,
Hw$N> bmoJm| Ho$ ÑpîQ>H$moU {ZåZ{b{IV h¢-
1. J¡ñQ>mëQ> ÑpîQ>H$moU
Bg ÑpîQ>H$moU Ho$ AZwgma grIZo H$m AmYma J¡ñQ>mëQ> T>±mMo na {Z^©a h¡&
grIZm gånyU© pñW{V H$s gånyU© à{V{H«$¶m h¡&
2. ì¶dhmadmXr ÑpîQ>H$moU
ì¶dhmadm{X¶m| H$m {dMma h¡ {H$ [gImZm AZw^d Ho$ n[aUm‘ Ho$ Vm¡a na ì¶dhma
‘| n[adV©Z H$m Zm‘ h¡& ‘Zwî¶ VWm Xÿgao àmUr dmVmdaU ‘| à{V{H«$¶m H$aVo h¢&
~ÀMm OÝ‘ go hr AnZo dmVmdaU go Hw$N> grIZo H$m à¶ËZ H$aVm h¡&
3. hmoa{‘H$ ÑpîQ>H$moU
¶h ÑpîQ>H$moU ‘¡³Sy>Jb H$s XoZ h¡& ¶h grIZo Ho$ bú¶ Ho$pÝÐV ñdê$n na Omoa
XoVm h¡& grIZm bú¶ H$mo gm‘Zo aIH$a {H$¶m OmVm h¡&
4. à¶ËZ VWm ^yb ÑpîQ>H$moU
¶h ÑpîQ>H$moU Wm°Z©S>mBH$ H$s XoZ h¡& CgZo {~pëb¶m|, Hw$Îmm| VWm ‘N>{b¶m| na
~hþV go à¶moJ H$aHo$ ¶h {ZîH$f© {ZH$mbm {H$ do à¶ËZ VWm ^yb go ~hþV Hw$N>
grIVo h¢&
5. grIZo H$m ’$sëS> ÑpîQ>H$moU
Bg ÑpîQ>H$moU H$m à{VnmXZ H$Q>© bo{dZ Zo {H$¶m h¢& CÝhm|Zo H$hm h¡ {H$ grIZm
n[apñW{V H$m à˶j kmZmË‘H$ g§JR>Z h¡ Am¡a grIZo ‘| àoaUm H$m ‘hÎdnyU©
hmW h¡&
5.5 A{YJ‘ H$mo à^m{dV H$aZo dmbo H$maH$
ì¶dhma n[adV©Z H$mo hr A{YJ‘ ¶m grIZm H$hVo h¢& Bg AmYma na Omo VÎd
ì¶dhma H$mo à^m{dV H$aVo h¢, do VÎd hr grIZo H$mo {H$gr Z {H$gr ê$n ‘|
à^m{dV H$aVo h¢& bo{H$Z ì¶p³V ¶m ~mbH$ H$m ì¶dhma Vmo à˶j ê$n go
{XImB© XoVm h¡ bo{H$Z A{YJ‘ {XIm¶r Zht XoVm& ¶h V~ hr {XIVm h¡, O~
~mbH$ H$mo {H$gr n[apñW{V ‘| aIm OmVm h¡& ‘w»¶V… grIZo H$s n«{H«$¶m ‘|
H$B© VÎd ¶m H$maH$ Eogo hmoVo h¢, Omo grIZo H$mo ¶m A{YJ‘ H$mo à^m{dV H$aVo
h¢& ¶o H$maH$ ñd¶§ {ejH$, {dÚmWu, dmVmdaU, nmR²>¶-dñVw, ì¶dñWm, ‘mZd
g§gmYZ Am{X go gå~pÝYV hmoVo h¢&
 àJʶ
Bg AmYma na ¶o H$maH$ ‘w»¶ ê$n go N>… àH$ma Ho$ hmoVo h¢-
1. {dÚmWu go gå~pÝYV H$maH$
2. {ejH$ go gå~pÝYV H$maH$
3. dmVmdaU go gå~pÝYV H$maH$
4. nmR²>¶dñVw go gå~pÝYV H$maH$
5. A{YJ‘ ì¶dñWm go gå~pÝYV H$maH$
6. ‘mZd d ^m¡{VH$ g§gmYZm| go gå~pÝYV H$maH$
5.5.1 {dÚmWu go gå~pÝYV H$maH$
{H$gr ^r H$m¶© H$mo [gImZo ‘| ¶m H$aZo ‘| {dÚmWu H$s ‘hÎdnyU© ^y{‘H$m hmoVr
h¡& ¶h {dÚmWu ¶m grIZo dmbm ¶m bZ©a H$hbmVm h¡& ¶hm± ~mbH$ ¶m {dÚmWu
{H$VZm grIoJm d {H$g àH$ma grIoJm ¶h CgH$s ‘yb-àd¥{Îm¶m|, ì¶p³VJV
{d[^ÝZVmAm|, Am¶w, ê${M d Aݶ ~mVm| na {Z^©a H$aVm h¡& {dÚmWu Ho$
‘Z ‘| AZoH$m| {Okmgm CËnÝZ hmoVr h¡, {OgH$s VwpîQ> dh h‘oem MmhVm h¡&
Eogr n[apñW{V ‘| grIZo H$s à{H«$¶m AZoH$ H$maH$m| go à^m{dV hmoVr h¡, Omo
{ZåZ{b{IV h¡-
1. emar[aH$ ñdmñ϶
{H$gr ^r H$m¶© H$mo grIZo ‘| {dÚmWu H$m emar[aH$ ñdmñ϶ ~hþV ‘hÎdnyU©
hmoVm h¡& ¶{X ~mbH$ emar[aH$ ê$n go ñdñW h¡, Vmo dh AnZo A{YJ‘ ‘§o ê${M
boJm, BgHo$ {dnarV ¶{X ~mbH$ H$mo H$moB© emar{aH$ H$îQ> hmoVm h¡, Vmo CgH$m
nyam ܶmZ Cgr ‘§o bJ OmVm h¡ Am¡a dh AnZo H$m¶© ‘| g‘J« ê$n go ܶmZ Zht
bJm nmVm& AV… A{YJ‘ Ho$ {b¶o ~mbH$ H$m emar[aH$ ê$n go ñdñW hmoZm
A{V Amdí¶H$ h¡&
2. ‘mZ{gH$ ñdmñ϶
{H$gr ^r H$m¶© H$mo grIZo Ho$ {b¶o emar[aH$ ñdmñ϶ Ho$ gmW-gmW ‘mZ{gH$
ñdmñ϶ ^r A˶ÝV Amdí¶H$ hmoVm h¡& ¶{X ~mbH$ ‘mZ{gH$ ê$n go ñdñW h¡,
Vmo dh {H$gr ^r H$m¶© ¶m ~mV H$mo OëXr go grI boVm h¡, Zht Vmo dh H$m¶© H$mo
grIZo ‘| Á¶mXm g‘¶ bJmVm h¡ d Cgo Á¶mXm g‘¶ VH$ ¶mX Zht aI nmVm&
3. grIZo H$s BÀN>m
emar[aH$ ñdmñ϶ d ‘mZ{gH$ ñdm϶ Ho$ ghr hmZo na ~mbH$ ‘| {H$gr H$m¶©
H$mo grIZo H$s BÀN>m hmoZr Mm{hE& ¶{X Cg‘| H$m¶© grIZo Ho$ BÀN>m hmoVr h¡,
V~ dh H$m¶moª H$mo erK«Vm go grIZo ‘| g’$b hmo OmVm h¡& BgHo$ {b¶o ~mbH$m|
‘| Hw$N> nmZo H$s Mmh hmoZr Mm{hE&
4. grIZo H$m gԦ
¶{X ~mbH$ H$mo H$moB© {H«$¶m Á¶mXm g‘¶ VH$ {gIm¶r OmVr h¡ Vmo dh WH$mZ
‘hgyg H$aZo bJVm h¡, Bg pñW{V ‘| ~mbH$ ‘| {H«$¶m H$mo grIZo Ho à{V
CXmgrZVm Am OmVr h¡& AV… ~mbH$ H$mo H$moB© ^r {H«$¶m {gImVo g‘¶ Bg ~mV
H$m ܶmZ Adí¶ aIZm Mm{hE {H$ ~mbH$ H$mo bJmVma Á¶mXm g‘¶ VH$ H$moB©
H$m¶© Z H$am¶m Om¶o& BgHo$ ~rM ‘| Wmo‹S>m g‘¶mÝVamb hmoZm Mm{hE&
5. A{^àaoUm H$m ñVa
à˶oH$ ~mbH$ H$mo grIZo H$s à{H«$¶m Ho$ {b¶o A{YH$ go A{YH$ A{^àoaUm H$m
à¶moJ H$aZm Mm{hE, {Oggo ~mbH$ H$mo H$m¶© Ho$ à{V ào[aV {H$¶m Om gH$Vm
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
A{YJ‘ n¥îR> 65
h¡& BgH$s AZwnpñW{V ‘| ~mbH$ H$m¶© Vmo H$aVm h¡, bo{H$Z bú¶ VH$ Zht
nhþ±M nmVm&
6. grIZo ‘| VËnaVm
O~ ~mbH$ ñd¶§ grIZo Ho$ {b¶o VËna ¶m V¡¶ma hmoVm h¡, Vmo Cg pñW{V ‘§o
~mbH$ {H$gr ^r H$m¶© H$mo OëXr grI boVm h¡ d Cgo Á¶mXm g‘¶ VH$ AnZo
‘pñVîH$ ‘| YmaU aIVm h¡, bo{H$Z ¶{X ~mbH$ {H$gr H$m¶© H$mo [gImZo Ho$
{b¶o VËna Zht hmoVm Vmo dh ¶m Vmo Cg H$m¶© H$mo grI Zht nm¶oJm Am¡a ¶{X
grI ^r boVm h¡, Vmo dh Cgo erK«Vm go ^yb Om¶oJm& AV… {H$gr H$m¶© H$mo
~mbH$ H$mo [gImZo go nhbo Cg‘| H$m¶© Ho$ à{V VËnaVm ¶m ê$PmZ CËnÝZ
H$aZm Mm{hE&
7. A{YJ‘ H$s à{H«$¶m
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{H$gr H$m¶© H$mo [gImZo Ho$ {b¶o CgH$s ê$naoIm H$s Amdí¶H$Vm hmoVr h¡,
{Oggo A{YJ‘ H$s à{H«$¶m à^m{dV hmoVr h¡& A{YJ‘ H$s à{H«$¶m gab, ñnîQ>
d ì¶dpñWV ê$n ‘| hmoVr h¡ Vmo H$m¶© H$mo erK« grIm OmVm h¡
8. {dÚmWu ¶m ~mbH$ H$s ‘yb^yV j‘Vm
à˶oH$ ~mbH$ H$s AnZr Hw$N> Z Hw$N> ‘yb^yV j‘Vm¶| hmoVr h¡ {OZH$mo AmYma
~ZmH$a hr {H«$¶mAm| H$mo {gImZm Mm{hE& BgHo$ AÝVJ©V ~mbH$ H$s AÝV{Z©{hV
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ep³V, gm‘϶©, g§doJmË‘H$ ÑpîQ> Am{X AmVo h¢& ¶{X ~mbH$m| H$mo H$moB© H$m¶©
CgH$s ‘yb^yV j‘Vm Ho$ AZwgma {gIm¶m OmVm h¡ Vmo dh H$m¶© ‘| erK«
{ZnwUVm àmá H$a boVm h¡& AV… H$m¶moª H$m à{ejU XoZo go nyd© ~mbH$ H$s
‘yb^yV j‘VmAm| H$s OmZH$mar bo boZr Mm{hE, Zht Vmo Cn¶w³V n[aUm‘ àmá
Zht hmoVo&
9. ~w{Õ ñVa
g^r {dÚmWu ¶m ~mbH$ {^ÝZ-{^ÝZ ~w{Õ ñVa dmbo hmoVo h¢ O¡go- gm‘mݶ,
à{V^membr, ‘yI©, ‘ÝX-~w{Õ Am{X& {H$gr ^r H$m¶© H$mo [gImZo go nhbo
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AܶmnH$ H$m ¶h H$Îm©ì¶ hmoVm h¡ {H$ dh {Og {dÚmWu H$mo dh H$m¶© {gIm
ahm h¡, nhbo CgH$m ~w{Õ ñVa kmV H$a bo, CgHo$ CnamÝV hr Cgo H$moB© H$m¶©
{gIm¶o& O~ {dÚmWu H$mo CgHo$ ~w{Õ-ñVa VWm j‘Vm Ho$ AZwgma H$moB© H$m¶©
{gIm¶m OmVm h¡, Vmo Cgo g‘PZo ‘| gabVm hmoVr h¡ ¶m ghm¶Vm {‘bVr h¡&
Eogr pñW{V ‘o§ dh H$m¶moª H$mo OëXr grI boVm h¡&
10. ê${M
{Og àH$ma {dÚmWu ¶m ~mbH$ H$mo H$moB© H$m¶© {gImZo ‘| A{^àoaUm Amdí¶H$
hmoVr h¡, Cgr àH$ma H$m¶© Ho$ à{V {dÚmWu H$s ê${M H$m hmoZm ^r Amdí¶H$
h¢& ê${M¶w³V H$m¶moª H$mo ~mbH$ OëXr grI boVm h¡ d Bggo Cg‘| AmZÝX H$s
AZw^y{V hmoVr h¡&
5.5.2 {ejH$ go gå~pÝYV H$maH$
{Og àH$ma grIZo H$s à[H«$¶m ‘| grIZo dmbm ‘hÎdnyU© hmoVm h¡, Cgr àH$ma
CZ H$m¶moª H$mo [gImZo dmbm ^r ‘hÎdnyU© hmoVm h¡ Am¡a ¶h H$m¶© AܶmnH$ ¶m
{ejH$ Ûmam {gIm¶o OmVo h¢& {ejH$ go gå~pÝYV Hw$N> H$maH$ Eogo hmoVo h¢, Omo
A{YJ‘ H$mo à^m{dV H$aVo h¢ {OZ‘| go Hw$N> {ZåZ àH$ma h¢-
 n¥îR> 66 A{YJ‘
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
1. {ejH$ H$m ì¶dhma
grIZo H$s {H«$¶m ‘| {ejH$ H$m ì¶dhma A˶ÝV ‘hÎdnyU© hmoVm h¡& ¶h {H$gr
^r H$m¶© Ho$ grIZo H$mo à˶j ê$n go à^m{dV H$aVm h¡& O~ {ejH$, {H$gr
{dÚmWu H$mo gh¶moJ, g‘mZVm, ghmZw^y{VnyU© ì¶dhma, Am{X JwUm| Ûmam AÀN>m
ì¶dhma àX{e©V H$aHo$ Cgo H$m¶© {gImVm h¡, Vmo dh {dÚmWu Cg H$m¶© ‘| ê${M
boH$a Cgo AmgmZr go d OëXr go grI boVm h¡&
2. ‘Zmo{dkmZ H$m kmZ
O~ VH$ {ejH$ H$mo ‘Zmo{dkmZ H$m kmZ Zht hmoVm, V~ VH$ dh {dÚmWu H$mo
Hw$N> ^r Zht {gIm gH$Vm, ³¶m|{H$ ‘Zmo{dkmZ Ho$ Ûmam hr {dÚmWu H$s ê${M¶m|,
j‘VmAm|, A{^ê${M¶m| Am{X H$mo nhMmZH$a Cgo Cgr Ho$ AZwgma H$m¶moª H$mo
{gIm¶m OmVm h¡&
3. {ejH$ H$m {dÚmWu go gå~ÝY
{ejH$ d {dÚmWu Ho$ ~rM ¶{X ‘Ywa gå~ÝY hmoVo h¢, Vmo {dÚmWu AnZr
g‘ñ¶mAm| H$mo [~Zm {H$gr {hMH$ Ho$ {ejH$ Ho$ g‘j aI XoVm h¡, Zht Vmo
dh AnZr g‘ñ¶mAm| H$mo gwbPm Zht nmVm& ¶h pñW{V H$m¶moª H$mo grIZo
d [gImZo H$mo à^m{dV H$aVr h¡& AV… {ejH$ H$mo {dÚm{W©¶m| Ho$ gmW ‘Ywa
gå~ÝY ~ZmZo Mm{hE&
4. {df¶-dñVw H$s Cn¶mo{JVm
{df¶-dñVw H$s Cn¶mo{JVm ^r A{YJ‘ H$mo namoj ê$n go à^m{dV H$aVr h¡&
{df¶-dñVw H$s Cn¶mo{JVm {dÚmWu Ho$ ‘Z na AZwHy$b à^md S>mbVr h¡ Am¡a
{H$gr H$m¶© H$mo grIZo Ho$ {b¶o ~mܶ H$aVr h¡ VWm Cg‘| ê${M CËnÝZ H$aVr
h¡&
5. {ejU-{d{Y¶m±
{H$gr ^r H$m¶© H$mo grIZo ¶m {gImZo ‘| {ejU {d{Y¶m± A˶ÝV ‘hÎdnyU©
^y{‘H$m AXm H$aVr h¢& ~mbH$m| Ho$ ~w{Õ-ñVa AbJ-AbJ hmoZo Ho$ H$maU
à˶oH$ ~mbH$ EH$ hr {d{Y go Zht grI nmVm ¶m gH$Vm& BgHo$ {b¶o {d{^ÝZ
àH$ma H$s {ejU {d{Y¶m| H$m à¶moJ {H$¶m OmVm h¡ Am¡a BZ {ejU-{d{Y¶m| H$m
à¶moJ ì¶p³VJV {d{^ÝZVm Ho$ AmYma na {H$¶m OmVm h¡&
6. {ejH$ H$m ì¶p³VËd
{ejH$ H$m ì¶p³VËd ^r {H$gr H$m¶© H$mo grIZo ‘§o ¶m Vmo ghm¶H$ {gÕ hmoVm
h¡ ¶m ~mYm CËnÝZ H$aVm h¡& gm‘mݶV… ¶h XoIm OmVm h¡ {H$ {Og {ejH$ H$m
ì¶p³VËd AmH$f©H$ AWm©V² dh AnZo ì¶dhma ‘| gÝVwbZ aIVm h¡, Vmo ~mbH$
CgH$s Va’$ AmH${f©V hmoVo h¢ d CgH$s Amkm H$m nmbZ ^r H$aVo h¢, Omo {H$
{H$gr H$m¶© H$mo {gImZo Ho$ {b¶o Amdí¶H$ hmoVm h¡&
7. g‘¶-gmaUr H$m {Z‘m©U
{dÚmb¶m| ‘| g‘¶-gmaUr H$m {Z‘m©U H$aVo g‘¶ Bg ~mV H$m ܶmZ Adí¶
aIZm Mm{hE {H$ EH$ gmW bJmVma Xmo H${R>Z {df¶m| H$mo Z bJm¶m Om¶o d
H${R>Z {df¶m| H$mo g‘¶-gmaUr ‘| àW‘ MaU ‘| aIZm Mm{hE, ³¶m|{H$ àmaå^
‘| ~mbH$ ‘| VamoVmOJr d ñ’y${V© hmoVr h¡ d dh ‘mZ{gH$ d emar[aH$ ê$n go
grIZo Ho$ {b¶o V¡¶ma hmoVm h¡&
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
àJʶ
8. ~mbH$ Ho$pÝÐV {ejm
{ejH$ H$mo ~mbH$ H$s àd¥{Îm d àH¥${V Ho$ AZwgma hr {ejm àXmZ H$aZr Mm{hE&
Bg àH$ma Xr J¶r {ejm H$m dh nyar Vah go bm^ CR>mVo h¢, ³¶m§o{H$ ¶h {ejm
CZH$s ê${M¶m|, j‘VmAm|, A{^ê${M¶m| Am{X H$mo AmYma ~ZmH$a Xr OmVr h¡,
{Oggo Ano{jV ’$b H$s àm{á hmoVr h¡& dV©‘mZ H$mb ‘| Eogr hr {ejm àXmZ
H$s OmVr h¡&
9. ì¶p³VJV {d{^ÝZVm Ho$ AmYma na kmZ
{ejH$ H$mo à˶oH$ ~mbH$ Ho$ ~mao ‘| OmZH$mar hmoZr Mm{hE, ³¶m|{H$ à˶oH$
~mbH$, Xÿgao ~mbH$ go à˶oH$ AmYma na AbJ hmoVm h¡& {OgH$m kmZ hmoZm
{ejH$ Ho$ {b¶o A{V Amdí¶H$ h¡&
10. Aä¶mg H$m¶© H$mo XmohamZo H$s ì¶dñWm
{ejH$ H$mo Mm{hE {H$ dh {OZ H$m¶moª H$mo {dÚm{W©¶m| H$mo [gIm ahm h¡, CgH$mo
~ma-~ma CZgo XmohadmE±& Bggo {dÚm{W©¶m| ‘| H$m¶moª Ho$ à{V ê${M CËnÝZ hmoVr
h¡ d ~ma-~ma Cgr H$m¶© H$mo H$aZo go dh Cgo nyar Vah d AÀN>r Vah go grI
boVo h¢ d CgH$mo Á¶mXm bå~o g‘¶ VH$ AnZo ‘pñVîH$ ‘| YmaU aIVo h¢&
5.5.3 dmVmdaU go gå~pÝYV H$maH$
{Og àH$ma grIZo H$s à{H«$¶m H$mo {dÚmWu d {ejH$ à^m{dV H$aVo h¢, Cgr
àH$ma go dmVmdaU ^r à^m{dV H$aVm h¡ {Oggo gå~pÝYV H$maH$ {ZåZ àH$ma
h¢-
1. H$jm H$m AZwemgZ
{H$gr {dÚmb¶ ‘| H$jm H$m AZwemgZ BVZm A{YH$ hmoVm h¡ {H$ dhm± H$m¶moª ¶m
Aܶ¶Z Ho$ A{V[a³V Aݶ H$moB© ~mV| Zht H$s OmVr, Vmo H$ht BVZr A{YH$
AZwemgZhrZVm nm¶r OmVr h¡ {H$ dhm± H$m¶moª Ho$ Abmdm g^r ~mVm| H$mo ñWmZ
{X¶m OmVm h¡, Vmo ¶h XmoZm| hr pñW{V ghr Zht hmoVr& BZ XmoZm| pñW{V¶m| ‘|
Vmb‘ob ~¡R>m¶o OmZo na hr Ano{jV n[aUm‘ H$s àm{á hmoVr h¡&
2. {dÚmb¶ H$s pñW{V
~hþV go {dÚmb¶ Eogr OJh na h¢, Ohm± dmhZm| H$m emoa Á¶mXm ‘mÌm ‘| hmoVm
h¡ ¶m Hw$N> {dÚmb¶ Eogr OJh na hmoVo h¢, Ohm± na {ZaÝVa XþJ©ÝY AmVr ahVr
h¡& BZ XmoZm| hr pñW{V ‘| ~mbH$ ¶m {dÚm{W©¶m| H$m ܶmZ H$m¶moª H$mo grIZo ‘|
^§J hmoVm h¡& AV… {dÚmb¶ H$m {Z‘m©U Cn¶w³V OJh na hmoZm Mm{hE&
3. dmVmdaU
{H$gr ^r H$m¶© H$mo {gImZo ‘| dmVmdaU ~hþV hr Cn¶moJr {gÕ hmoVm h¡& ¶h
dmVmdaU nm[adm[aH$, gm‘m{OH$, gm§ñH¥${VH$ Am{X H$maH$m| go {Z{‘©V hmoVm h¡,
bo[H$Z BZ g~ ‘| ‘hÎdnyU© H$jm H$m dmVmdaU hmoVm h¡, Omo ~mbH$ H$mo Hw$N>
^r H$m¶© grIZo Ho$ {b¶o ào[aV H$aVm h¡&
4. nm[adm[aH$ dmVmdaU
H$jm H$m dmVmdaU hr ~mbH$ Ho$ {b¶o Amdí¶H$ Zht hmoVm, A{nVw n[adma H$m
dmVmdaU ^r Ah‘ hmoVm h¡& AJa {H$gr n[adma Ho$ gXñ¶m| Ho$ ~rM b‹S>mB©
-PJ‹So$ ahVo h¢, Vmo dhm± na nb aho ~ÀMm| na BgH$m grYm à^md n‹S>Vm h¡&
AV… ~mbH$m| H$mo Bg dmVmdaU go ~MmZo Ho$ {b¶o n[adma ‘| ñZohnyU© dmVmdaU
 àJʶ
hmoZm Mm{hE&
5. {df¶ gm‘J«r H$s àH¥${V
~mbH$m| H$mo H$moB© ^r H$m¶© {gImZo Ho$ {b¶o Eogr {df¶-gm‘J«r à¶w³V H$aZr
Mm{hE Omo dmVmdaU ‘| gwJ‘Vm go àmá hmo Om¶o& Eogr {df¶-gm‘J«r Ho$ gmW
{dÚm{W©¶m|§ H$mo Vmb-‘ob ¶m g‘PZo ‘| ghm¶Vm {‘bVr h¡&
6. ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ dmVmdaU
‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ H$maH$m| ‘| {dÚm{W©¶m| Ho$ Amngr gh¶moJ H$aZo H$s àd¥{Îm Am{X
AmVr h¡, {Oggo H$jm H$m dmVmdaU ghr ~Zm ahVm h¡& Eogo dmVmdaU ‘|
{dÚmWu {H$gr ^r H$m¶© H$mo AmgmZr go grI boVm h¡&
7. gm‘m{OH$ dmVmdaU
{dÚm{W©¶m| H$mo g^r g‘mO Ho$ ar{V-[admO, ‘mݶVmAm|, AmXemoª d ‘yë¶m| Am{X
H$mo g‘mZ ê$n go g‘PZo Ho$ {b¶o ào[aV H$aZm Mm{hE& {Oggo dh Amngr
‘V^oX H$mo ^ybH$a, Amngr gh¶moJ go kmZ àmá H$a, Hw$N> grI gH|$&
5.5.4 nmR²>¶dñVw go gå~pÝYV H$maH$
A{YJ‘ H$mo à^m{dV H$aZo dmbo H$maH$m| ‘| nmR²>¶dñVw go gå~pÝYV H$maH$
{ZåZ àH$ma go h¢-
1. nmR²>¶dñVw H$s àH¥${V
nmR²>¶dñVw H$s àH¥${V gab, ñnîQ> d g‘PZo ¶mo½¶ hmoZr Mm{hE, {Oggo g^r
{dÚmWu AmgmZr go Cgo g‘PH$a CgH$m Cn¶moJ H$a gH|$& ¶h àH¥${V g^r
{df¶m| Ho$ {b¶o AbJ-AbJ hmoZr Mm{hE& Vm{H$ à˶oH$ {df¶ H$mo gabVm go
g‘Pm Om gHo$&
2. nmR²>¶dñVw H$m {díbofU Ed§ g§íbofU
nmR²>¶dñVw H$m {díbofU d g§íbofU H$aZo go VmËn¶© nmR²>¶dñVw H$mo à˶¶m|,
{gÕmÝVm|, V϶m|, ^mfm, gm‘mݶrH$aU Am{X ‘| ~m±Q>Zo go h¡& Bg‘| ~m±Q>H$a
{dÚmWu AnZo CÔoí¶m| H$mo àmá H$a gH$Vm h¡ d Cg‘| CÝZ{V H$a gH$Vm h¡&
3. nmR²>¶dñVw H$m àmê$n
nmR²>¶dñVw H$m àmê$n gabVm go O{Q>bVm H$s Amoa hmoZm Mm{hE& Bg àH$ma
Ho$ àmê$n go {dÚm{W©¶m| H$mo nmR²>¶dñVw H$mo g‘PZo ‘| gabVm ‘hgyg hmoVr
h¡, ³¶m|{H$ nhbo {dÚm{W©¶m| H$mo nmR²>¶dñVw go gå~pÝYV gab ~mVm| H$m kmZ
H$am¶m OmVm h¡, ~mX ‘| O{Q>b& Bg Vah go n‹T>mZo ‘| {dÚm{W©¶m| ‘| nmR²>¶dñVw
Ho$ à{V ê${M CËnÝZ hmoZo bJVr h¡&
4. CÔoí¶m| H$m kmZ
{ejm Ho$ {H$gr ^r joÌ ‘|, {H$gr ^r H$m¶© H$mo grIZo go nhbo AܶmnH$ H$mo
CÔoí¶m| H$mo {ZYm©[aV H$a boZm Mm{hE& Bggo {dÚm{W©¶m| H$m CËgmh dY©Z hmoVm
h¡ Am¡a ¶h ^r nVm MbVm h¡ {H$ {H$g {dÚmWu Zo {H$VZr d H$hm± VH$ àJ{V H$s
h¡ Am¡a H$hm± na CgZo JbVr H$s h¡& ¶{X {dÚmWu CÔoí¶ àm{á ‘| H$ht JbVr
H$aVm h¡, Vmo AܶmnH$ H$mo Mm{hE {H$ dh {dÚmWu H$mo Xmo~mam go g‘PmH$a,
Cgo H$m¶© H$aZo ¶m grIZo Ho$ {b¶o ào[aV H$ao& Bg AmYma na dh AnZo bú¶
VH$ nhþ±M OmVm h¡ Am¡a Cgo gÝVmof H$s àm{á hmoVr h¡&
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
A{YJ‘ n¥îR> 67
5. grIZo H$s {d{Y¶m±
{dÚm{W©¶m| H$mo Hw$ebVmnyd©H$ kmZ-àXmZ H$aZo Ho$ {b¶o AܶmnH$ H$mo {df¶-
gm‘J«r go gå~pÝYV grIZo H$s {d{Y¶m| H$m kmZ hmoZm Mm{hE& ¶o {d{Y¶m±
O¡go- Iob {d{Y, {H«$¶m-{d{Y, H$aHo$ grIZo H$s {d{Y, ì¶m»¶mZ {d{Y Am{X
hmoVr h¡, {OZH$m à¶moJ ~mbH$ H$s ¶mo½¶Vm d ì¶dhma Ho$ AZwgma {H$¶m OmVm h¡&
6. CXmhaU àñVwVrH$aU
AܶmnH$ H$mo {dÚm{W©¶m| Ho$ g‘j {df¶ dñVw H$mo n‹T>mVo g‘¶ Cggo gå~pÝYV
Eogo CXmhaU àñVwV H$aZo Mm{hE, {Oggo {dÚmWu AmgmZr go nmR> H$mo g‘P
gHo$& BgH$m H«$‘ {d{eîQ> go gm‘mݶ H$s Amoa hmoZm Mm{hE&
7. Ñí¶ Ed§ lì¶ gm‘J«r H$m à¶moJ
AܶmnH$ H$mo {H$gr à{H«$¶m ‘| gab d ñnîQ> ^mfm e¡br H$m à¶moJ H$aZm
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Mm{hE& H$ht H$ht na A{YH$ bå~o d H${R>Z eãX hmoVo h¢& BZ dm³¶m| d eãXm|
H$mo AܶmnH$ H$mo gab d AnZo eãXm| ‘| {dÚm{W©¶m| Ho$ gm‘Zo àñVwV H$aZm
Mm{hE, {Oggo dh H${R>Z go H${R>Z V϶m| H$mo AmgmZr go g‘P gH|$&
5.5.5 A{YJ‘ ì¶dñWm go gå~pÝYV H$maH$
AmYw{ZH$ ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| Zo A{YJ‘ H$s Hw$N> AmYw{ZH$V‘ {d{Y¶m| H$mo kmV
{H$¶m h¡ {OZHo$ Ûmam {H$gr {df¶ H$mo gabVm, gwJ‘Vm d erK«Vm go grIm Om
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gH$Vm h¡& ¶o {d{Y¶m± {ZåZ{b{IV h¢-
1. gånyU© ~Zm‘ IÊS> {d{Y
Bg {d{Y Ho$ AmYma na {dÚm{W©¶m| H$s ñ‘aU ep³V ~‹T>Vr h¡& gånyU© {d{Y ‘|
{dÚmWu grIZo Ho$ nyao {Z¶‘m|, ~mVm| d eVmoª H$mo EH$ gmW hr ¶mX H$a boVm
h¡& O~{H$ IÊS> {d{Y ‘| nyao grIZo Ho$ {Z¶‘m| d ~mVm| H$mo N>moQ>o-N>moQ>o IÊS>m|
‘| {d^³V H$aHo$ EH$-EH$ IÊS> H$aHo$ {gIm¶m OmVm h¡& O¡go- {hÝXr H${dVm
H$mo grIZo ‘| gånyU© {d{Y bm^Xm¶H$ hmoVr h¡, O~{H$ {H$gr boI VWm gm{h˶
H$mo ¶mX H$aZo Ho$ {b¶o IÊS> {d{Y Cn¶moJr {gÕ hmoVr h¡&
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2. Cn{df¶ ~Zm‘ g§Ho$pÝж {d{Y
Cn{df¶ {d{Y ‘| {dÚmWu H$s Am¶w d ‘mZ{gH$ ñVa H$m ܶmZ aIH$a {H$gr
H$m¶© H$mo Ho$db EH$ ~ma ‘| {gIm¶m OmVm h¡, O~{H$ g§Ho$pÝж {d{Y ‘§o {H$gr
H$m¶© H$mo Ho$db EH$ ^mJ ‘o§ {gIm¶m Zhr§ Om gH$Vm&
3. Am¶mo{OV ~Zm‘ àmg§{JH$ {d{Y
àmg§{JH$ {d{Y ‘| {H$gr EH$ {df¶ H$mo Ho$ÝÐ ‘mZH$a Cgo {dÚmWu H$mo {gIm¶m
OmVm h¢ Bg {df¶ ¶m {H«$¶m H$mo {gImVo g‘¶ dh Aݶ {Z¶‘ ¶m ~mV| ^r
AH$ñ‘mV² ¶m AMmZH$ hr {gIm {X¶o OmVo h¢, O~{H$ AܶmnH$ Zo Bgo {gImZo
Ho$ {b¶o H$moB© {deof ¶moOZm Zht ~Zm¶r hmoVr h¡, {’$a ^r dh {dÚmWu H$mo {df¶
kmZ ^br-^m±{V Xo nmVm h¡& Bg {d{Y ‘| kmZ H$mo EH$ BH$mB© ‘mZm OmVm h¡&
O~{H$ Am¶mo{OV {d{Y ‘| AܶmnH$ Ûmam grIZo H$m à˶oH$ MaU nhbo go hr
{ZpíMV ¶m {Z¶{‘V H$a {b¶m OmVm h¡ d {ZpíMV CÔoí¶ H$s àm{á Ho$ {b¶o
H$m¶© {H$¶m OmVm h¡&
4. g§H${bV ~Zm‘ {dV[aV {d{Y
O~ {H$gr H$m¶© H$mo EH$ hr gÌ ‘| {~Zm {H$gr {dam‘ Ho$ nyU© H$a XoVo h¢, Vmo Cgo
 n¥îR> 68 A{YJ‘
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
g§H${bV {d{Y H$hVo h¢& {dV[aV {d{Y ‘| H$m¶moª ¶m {df¶-dñVw ‘o§ AÝVamb
aIH$a nyU© H$s OmVr h¡& g§H${bV {d{Y ‘| ~mbH$ H$s grIZo Ho$ à{V ê${M
~Zr ahVr h¡& {dV[aV {d{Y ‘| grIZo ‘| WH$mdQ> Zht hmoVr d grIm J¶m kmZ
bå~r Ad{Y VH$ ‘pñVîH$ ‘| ñWm¶r ê$n go ~Zm ahVm h¡&
5. g{H«$¶ ~Zm‘ {ZpîH«$¶ {d{Y
g{H«$¶ {d{Y ‘§o {dÚmWu {H$gr {df¶ ¶m H$m¶moª Ho$ {Z¶‘m| H$mo Omoa-Omoa go
¶m Yrao-Yrao ~mobH$a ¶mX H$aZo H$m à¶mg H$aVm h¡, O~{H$ {ZpîH«$¶ {d{Y
‘| {dÚmWu {df¶ go gå~pÝYV {Z¶‘m| d eVmoª H$mo ‘Z hr ‘Z n‹T>H$a H§$R>ñW
H$aVm h¡& Bg‘| g{H«$¶ {d{Y Ûmam àmá {H$¶m J¶m kmZ Á¶mXm g‘¶ VH$
‘pñVîH$ ‘| pñWa ahVm h¡&
5.5.6 ‘mZd Ed§ ^m¡{VH$ g§gmYZm| go gå~pÝYV H$maH$
{dÚmWu H$mo AnZo ì¶dhma ‘| Ano{jV n[adV©Z bmZo Ho$ {b¶o g^r CnbãY
g§gmYZm| d òmoVm| go {‘bZo H$s Amdí¶H$Vm ahVr h¡& ¶o g§gmYZ Xmo àH$ma
Ho$ hmoVo h¢-
1. ‘mZd g§gmYZ
2. ^m¡{VH$ g§gmYZ
BZ XmoZm| go Ow‹S>o hþE H$maH$ Omo A{YJ‘ H$mo à^m{dV H$aVo h¢,
{ZåZ{b{IV h¢-
1. Cn¶w³V AܶmnH$
{H$gr ^r H$m¶© H$mo grIZo ¶m {df¶ Ho$ kmZ ‘| AܶmnH$ H$s ‘w»¶ ^y{‘H$m hmoVr
h¡& AV… AܶmnH$ ‘| {OVZm A{YH$ {df¶ dñVw gå~ÝYr Hw$ebVm, àdrUVm,
AZw^d, kmZ hmoVm h¡ dh CVZr hr AÀN>r Vah go {dÚm{W©¶m| H$mo [gIm nmVm
h¡, {OgHo$ ’$bñdê$n AܶmnH$ d {dÚmWu XmoZm| H$mo g’$bVm àmá hmoVr h¡&
2. gm‘m{OH$ òmoV ¶m g§gmYZ
grIZo Ho$ g‘¶ {H$g àH$ma H$m gm‘m{OH$ g§gmYZ {ejU H$m¶© H$mo R>rH$
àH$ma go nyam H$aZo Ho$ {b¶o H$jm, {dÚmb¶ d Aݶ grIZo H$s n[apñW{V¶m| ‘|
àmá hmoVo h¢ CVZr hr AÀN>r Vah go grIZo H$s à{H«$¶m H$m g§MmbZ {H$¶m Om
gHo$Jm& AV… Ohm± AܶmnH$ d {dÚm{W©¶m| ‘| Á¶mXm AÝV{H©$¶m hmoVr h¡, dhm±
grIZo H$s à{H«$¶m Á¶mXm g’$b d Á¶mXm ‘mÌm ‘| hmoVr h¡&
3. C{MV A{YJ‘ gm‘J«r d gw{dYmAm| H$mo àmá H$aZm
O~ {dÚmWu H$mo H$moB© ^r H$m¶© {gIm¶m OmVm h¡ Am¡a Cggo gå~pÝYV gmar
{df¶ gm‘J«r ¶m Cn¶w³V gm‘J«r AܶmnH$ Ho$ nmg ‘m¡OyX hmoVr h¡, Vmo ¶h
‘m¡OyXJr grIZo H$s à{H«$¶m ‘| ghm¶Vm CËnÝZ H$aVr h¡& O¡go- {dkmZ {df¶
n‹T>Zo Ho$ {b¶o Cggo gå~pÝYV nmR²>¶-nwñVH$, {bIZo-n‹T>Zo H$s gm‘J«r,
nwñVH$mb¶ d à¶moJembm gå~ÝYr gw{dYm¶| Am{X àmá hmoVr h¢, Vmo Bggo
{dÚmWu H$mo {dkmZ {df¶ n‹T>Zo ‘| ghm¶Vm {‘bVr h¡&
4. g‘w{MV n[apñW{V¶m±
grIZo H$s à{H«$¶m ‘| ~hþV-gr n[apñW{V¶m± hmoVr h¢, Omo H$m¶moª H$mo {gImZo
Ho$ {b¶o A{V Amdí¶H$ hmoVr h¡& O¡go- grIZo Ho$ g‘¶ ~¡R>Zo H$s g‘w{MV
ì¶dñWm H$aZm, empÝVnyU© dmVmdaU CËnÝZ H$aZm, ñdmñ϶ gå~ÝYr kmZ,
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
àJʶ
AܶmnH$ H$m {Zînj ì¶dhma Am{X& AJa grIZo H$s à{H«$¶m ‘| g‘w{MV
n[apñW{V¶m± CËnÝZ Zht H$s OmVr h¡§, Vmo BgH$m {dnarV Aga n‹S>Vm h¡&
5.6 A{YJ‘ H$s à^mdembr {d{Y¶m±
{H$gr ^r ZB© {H«$¶m ¶m Z¶o nmR> H$mo grIZo Ho$ {bE ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| Zo {d{^ÝZ
{d{Y¶m| H$m à¶moJ {H$¶m h¡& h‘ CZ‘| go Ho$db CÝht {d{Y¶m| H$m dU©Z H$a aho
h¢, {OZH$mo ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ à¶moJm| Ho$ AmYma na ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| Zo A{YH$ Cn¶moJr
Am¡a à^mdembr nm¶m h¡& ¶o {d{Y¶m± {ZåZ{b{IV h¢-
1. H$aHo$ grIZm
S>m. ‘og H$m H$WZ h¡ {H$ ñ‘¥{V H$m ñWmZ ‘pñVîH$ ‘| Zht, daZ² eara Ho$
Ad¶dm| ‘| h¡& ¶hr H$maU h¡ {H$ h‘ H$aHo$ grIVo h¢& ~mbH$ {Og H$m¶© H$mo
ñd¶§ H$aVo h¢, Cgo do OëXr grIVo h¢& H$maU ¶h h¡ {H$ Cgo H$aZo ‘| do CgHo$
CÔoí¶ H$m {Z‘m©U H$aVo h¢, CgH$mo H$aZo H$s ¶moOZm ~ZmVo h¢ Am¡a ¶moOZm H$mo
nyU© H$aVo h¢& {’$a, do ¶h XoIVo h¢ {H$ CZHo$ à¶mg g’$b hþE h¢ ¶m Zht& ¶{X
Zht, Vmo do AnZr Jb{V¶m| H$mo ‘mby‘ H$aHo$, CZ‘| gwYma H$aZo H$m à¶ËZ
H$aVo h¢&
2. {ZarjU H$aHo$ grIZm
¶moH$‘ Ed§ {gångZ Zo {bIm h¡ {H$ {ZarjU-gyMZm àmßV H$aZo, AmYma
gm‘J«r EH$Ì H$aZo Am¡a dñVwAm| VWm KQ>ZmAm| Ho$ ~ma ‘| ghr {dMma àmá H$aZo
H$m gmYZ h¡& ~mbH$ {Og dñVw H$m {ZarjU H$aVo h¢, CgHo$ ~mao ‘| do OëXr
Am¡a ñWm¶r ê$n go grIVo h¢& BgH$m H$maU ¶h h¡ {H$ {ZarjU H$aVo g‘¶ do
Cg dñVw H$mo Ny>Vo h¡ ¶m à¶moJ H$aVo h¢ ¶m CgHo$ ~mao ‘| ~mVMrV H$aVo h¢& Bg
àH$ma, do AnZr EH$ go A{YH$ BpÝжm| H$m à¶moJ H$aVo h¢& ’$bñdê$n, CZHo$
ñ‘¥{V-nQ>b na Cg dñVw H$m ñnîQ> {MÌ A§{H$V hmo OmVm h¡&
3. narjU H$aHo$ grIZm
ZB© ~mVm| H$s ImoO H$aZm, EH$ àH$ma H$m grIZm h¡& ~mbH$ Bg ImoO H$mo
narjU Ûmam H$a gH$Vm h¡& narjU Ho$ ~mX dh {H$gr {ZîH$f© na nhþ±MVm h¡&
Bg àH$ma, dh {OZ ~mVm| H$mo grIVm h¡, do CgHo$ kmZ H$m A{^ÝZ A§J hmo
OmVr h¢, CXmhaUmW©, dh Bg ~mV H$m narjU H$a gH$Vm h¡ {H$ J‘u H$m R>mog
Am¡a Vab nXmWmoª na ³¶m à^md n‹S>Vm h¡& dh Bg ~mV H$mo nwñVH$ ‘| n‹T>H$a
^r grI gH$Vm h¡& na ¶h grIZm CVZm ‘hÎdnyU© Zht hmoVm h¡, {OVZm {H$
ñd¶§ narjU H$aHo$ grIZm&
4. gm‘y{hH$ {d[Y¶m| Ûmam grIZm
grIZo H$m H$m¶©-ì¶p³VJV Am¡a gm‘y{hH$ {d{Y¶m| Ûmam hmoVm h¡& BZ XmoZm| ‘|
gm‘y{hH$ {d{Y¶m| H$mo A{YH$ Cn¶moJr Am¡a à^mdembr ‘mZm OmVm h¡& BZHo$
gå~ÝY ‘| H$mobog{ZH$ H$s YmaUm Bg àH$ma h¡-
~mbH$ H$mo àoaUm àXmZ H$aZo, Cgo e¡{jH$ bú¶ H$mo àmá H$aZo ‘| ghm¶Vm XoZo,
CgHo$ ‘mZ{gH$ ñdmñ϶ H$mo CÎm‘ ~ZmZo, CgHo$ gm‘m{OH$ g‘m¶moOZ H$mo AZwàm{UV
H$aZo, CgHo$ ì¶dhma ‘| gwYma H$aZo Am¡a Cg‘| AmË‘{Z^©aVm VWm gh¶moJ H$s
^mdZmAm| H$m {dH$mg H$aZo Ho$ {bE ì¶p³VJV {d{Y¶m| H$s VwbZm ‘| gm‘y{hH$ {d{Y¶m±
H$ht A{YH$ à^mdembr h¢&
 àJʶ
‘w»¶ gm‘y{hH$ {d{Y¶m± {ZåZ{b{IV h¢-
1. dmX-{ddmX {d{Y- Bg {d{Y ‘| à˶oH$ N>mÌ H$mo AnZo {dMma
춳V H$aZo Am¡a àíZ nyN>Zo H$m Adga {X¶m OmVm h¡&
2. dH©$em°n {d{Y- Bg {d{Y ‘| {d{^ÝZ {df¶m| na g^mAm| H$m
Am¶moOZ {H$¶m OmVm h¡ Am¡a BZ {df¶m| Ho$ ha nhby H$m N>mÌm| Ûmam
Aܶ¶Z {H$¶m OmVm h¡&
3. gå‘obZ d {dMma-JmoîR>r {d{Y¶m±- BZ {d{Y¶m| ‘| go {H$gr {deof
{df¶ na N>mÌm| Ûmam {dMma-{d{Z‘¶ {H$¶m OmVm h¡&
4. àmoOo³Q>, S>mëQ>Z d ~o{gH$ {d{Y¶m±- BZ AmYw{ZH$ {d{Y¶m| ‘|
ì¶p³VJV Am¡a gm‘y{hH$- XmoZm| àH$ma Ho$ àoaH$m| H$m ñWmZ hmoVm h¡&
à˶oH$ N>mÌ AnZr ì¶p³VJV ê${M, kmZ Am¡a j‘Vm Ho$ AZwgma
ñdVÝÌ ê$n go H$m¶© H$aVm h¡, {Oggo CgH$m grIZo H$m H$m¶© gab
hmo OmVm h¡& BgHo$ A{V[a³V, gm‘y{hH$ ê$n go H$m¶© H$aZo Ho$ H$maU
Cg‘| ñnYm©, gh¶moJ Am¡a ghmZw^y{V H$m {dH$mg hmoVm h¡&
5. {‘{lV {d{Y Ûmam grIZm
grIZo H$s Xmo ‘hÎdnyU© {d{Y¶m± h¢- nyU© {d{Y Am¡a Am§[eH$ {d{Y& nhbr {d{Y
‘| N>mÌm| H$mo nhbo nmR²>¶-{df¶ H$m nyU© kmZ {X¶m OmVm h¡ Am¡a [’$a CgHo$
{d{^ÝZ A§Jm| ‘| gå~ÝY ñWm{nV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& Xÿgar {d{Y ‘o§ nmR²>¶-{df¶
H$mo IÊS>m| ‘| ~m±Q> {X¶m OmVm h¡& AmYw{ZH$ {dMmaYmam Ho$ AZwgma BZ XmoZm|
{d{Y¶m| H$mo {‘bmH$a grIZo Ho$ {bE {‘{lV {d{Y H$m à¶moJ {H$¶m OmVm h¡&
6. grIZo H$s pñW{V H$m g§JR>Z
grIZo Ho$ H$m¶© H$mo gab Am¡a g’$b ~ZmZo Ho$ {bE g~go A{YH$ Amdí¶H$Vm
h¡- grIZo H$s pñW{V H$m g§JR>Z& ¶h V^r gå^d hmo gH$Vm h¡, O~ {dÚmb¶
H$m {Z‘m©U Bg àH$ma {H$¶m OmE {H$ Cg‘| grIZo H$s g^r {H«$¶mE± CnbãY
hm| Am¡a grIZo H$s g^r {d{Y¶m| H$m à¶moJ {H$¶m OmE&
grIZo H$s ¶o g^r {d{Y¶m± ì¶[³V Ho$ ‘Zmo{dkmZ na AmYm[aV h¡& BZ
{d{Y¶m| Ho$ à¶moJ go A{YJ‘ VWm {ejU, XmoZm| hr à^mdembr hmo OmVo h¢&
5.7 A{YJ‘ Ho$ àH$ma
A{YJ‘ Ho$ àH$ma Ho$ AÝVJ©V {H$Z-{H$Z ê$nm| ‘| A{YJ‘ H$s à{H«$¶m hmoVr
h¡, CgH$m Aܶ¶Z {H$¶m OmVm h¡& ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| Zo Bgo {ZåZ{b{IV ^mJm| ‘|
{d^m{OV {H$¶m h¡-
1. à¶ËZ Am¡a ^yb Ûmam grIZm
O~ ì¶p³V {H$gr H$m¶© H$mo grIZo Ho$ {bE {ZaÝVa à¶mg H$aVm h¡, Vmo dh
AnZo Bg à¶mg ‘| AZoH$ ^ybo ^r H$aVm h¡, bo{H$Z Yrao-Yrao ^ybm| ‘| H$‘r
AmVr OmVr h¡ Am¡a AÝVV… dh {~Zm ^yb {H$E Cg {H«$¶m H$mo ghr T>§J go H$aZm
grI boVm h¢ Bg àH$ma Ho$ grIZo H$mo à¶ËZ Am¡a ^yb Ûmam grIZm H$hVo h¢&
2. gå~Õ à˶mdV©Z A{YJ‘
O~ ì¶p³V H$s {H$gr AZw{H«$¶m H$m gå~ÝY {H$gr CÔrnH$ go hmo OmVm h¡,
{OgH$mo ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ ^mfm ‘| CÔrnH$ VWm AZw{H«$¶m Ho$ ~rM gå~Õ à˶mdV©Z
H$hVo h¢& Bg àH$ma grIZo H$mo gå~Õ à˶mdV©Z A{YJ‘ H$hm OmVm h¡&
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
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A{YJ‘ n¥îR> 69
3. gyP-~yP Ûmam A{YJ‘
O~ ì¶p³V {H$gr g‘ñ¶m H$m gyú‘ {ZarjU H$aHo$ CgH$m g‘mYmZ H$aVm h¡,
Vmo Cgo gyPnyU© A{YJ‘ H$hm OmVm h¡&
4. AZwH$aUmË‘H$ A{YJ‘
O~ ‘Zwî¶ AZwH$ê$U Ûmam grIVm h¡ Vmo Cgo AZwH$aUmË‘H$ A{YJ‘ H$hm
OmVm h¡& ¶h newAm| ‘§o A{YH$ nm¶m OmVm h¡& ~mbH$m| ‘| ^r AZwH$aU go grIZo
H$s àd¥{Îm A{YH$ nmB© OmVr h¡&
5. kmZopÝжm| Ûmam A{YJ‘
~mbH$ kmZopÝжm| go XoI, gwZ VWm AZw^d H$aHo$ ~hþV gr ~mVm| H$mo grIVm
h¡& {H$gr H$mo Hw$N> H$aVo XoIH$a h‘ ^r d¡gm H$aZo bJVo h¢ ¶m gwZH$a d¡gm
H$aZo bJVo h¢& O¡go-MbZm-{’$aZm, ~mobZm, {MÌ ~ZmZm, ¶m{ÝÌH$ H$m¶©
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Am{X& Bg àH$ma Ho$ grIZo H$mo kmZo{Ýжm| Ûmam A{YJ‘ AWdm g§doXZ J{V
gå~ÝYr A{YJ‘ H$hm OmVm h¡&
6. ~w{Õ go A{YJ‘
~m¡{ÕH$ {H«$¶mAm| Ho$ Ûmam grIZo H$mo ~w{Õ go grIZm H$hm OmVm h¡& O¡go
J{UVr¶ kmZ, VH©$, {Z~ÝY boIZ Am{X A{YJ‘& ~w{Õ go grIZo Ho$ Xmo à‘wI
ê$n h¡-
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1. à˶jrH$aU Ûmam grIZm
2. gåà˶¶ Ûmam grIZm
{H$gr dñVw H$m à˶jrH$aU nyU©ê$noU H$aHo$ ~w{Õ Ho$ à¶moJ go grIZo
H$mo à˶jrH$aU Ûmam grIZm H$hm OmVm h¡& {H$gr dñVw H$mo XoIH$a CgHo$
gå~ÝY ‘| EH$ YmaUm ~ZmH$a O~ A{YJ‘ H$aVm h¡, Vmo Cgo gåà˶¶ Ûmam
grIZm H$hm OmVm h¡&
7. gmhM¶© Ûmam A{YJ‘
¶h ‘mZ{gH$ ep³V Ho$ Ûmam grIZo H$m àH$ma h¡ Bg‘| à{V‘mAm| Am¡a à˶¶m|
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H$mo ‘mZ{gH$ nQ>b na bm¶m OmVm h¡ VWm CgHo$ n[aàoú¶ ‘| nyd© J«hU H$s JB©
à{V‘mAm| VWm à˶¶m| H$mo Xmoham¶m OmVm h¡& O¡go-{H$gr KQ>Zm H$m dU©Z H$aZo
na Cgo {H$gr nyd© gå~pÝYV KQ>Zm go Omo‹S>Zo VWm AZw^dm| H$mo J«hU H$aZo H$m
à¶ËZ {H$¶m OmVm h¡& ¶hr gmhM¶© Ûmam A{YJ‘ H$hm OmVm h¡&
8. emar[aH$ A§Jm| go A{YJ‘
‘mZ{gH$ ep³V¶m| Ho$ g{H«$¶ Z hmoZo na ì¶p³V emar[aH$ A§Jm| Ho$ Ûmam grIZo
H$m à¶mg H$aVm h¡& O¡go- EH$ {eew amoH$a VWm n¡a {hbmH$a ¶h ~VmZo H$m
à¶mg H$aVm h¡ {H$ dh ^yIm h¡& Bg àH$ma H$m A{YJ‘ emar[aH$ A§Jm| Ûmam
A{YJ‘ H$hm OmVm h¡&
9. A{^d¥{Îm Ûmam A{YJ‘
A{^d¥{Îm Ûmam A{YJ‘ ‘| A{^d¥{Îm {H$gr ì¶p³V, dñVw, {H«$¶m Ho$ à{V EH$
{ZpíMV YmaUm hmoVr h¡& dmVmdaU Ûmam ì¶p³V, dñVw VWm {H«$¶m CÔrnH$ Ho$
ê$n ‘| àñVwV hmoVo h¢& Cg CÔrnH$ Ho$ à{V h‘ EH$ {ZpíMV YmaUm ~Zm boVo
h¡& ¶h YmaUm ~ZmZm hr A{YJ‘ h¡& Bg àH$ma A{^d¥{Îm Ûmam A{YJ‘ hmoVm h¡&
10. àoaUm Ûmam A{YJ‘
àoaUm Ûmam A{YJ‘ H$mo g§doJmË‘H$ A{YJ‘ H$hm OmVm h¡& àoaUm¶| ~mbH$ Ho$
 n¥îR> 70 A{YJ‘
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
AÝV…H$aU H$mo ào[aV H$aVr h¢ {Oggo ‘Zwî¶ H$mo grIZo ‘| ghm¶Vm {‘bVr
h¡& O¡go- ñdV§ÌVm {Xdg na ñd§VÌVm-g§J«m‘ Ho$ Ñí¶m| H$mo àñVwV H$aZo go
h‘mao AÝV…H$aU BZgo ào[aV hmoVo h¢ VWm h‘mao AÝXa Xoe-^p³V H$s ^mdZm
{dH${gV hmoVr h¡& ¶h Xoe-^p³V H$s ^mdZm H$m {dH$mg g§doJ Ûmam A{YJ‘
H$hm OmVm h¡& AV… àoaUm Ûmam A{YJ‘ A˶ÝV ‘hÎdnyU© h¡&
11. JwUm§H$Z Ûmam A{YJ‘
O~ h‘ {H$gr dñVw Ho$ ‘yë¶m| VWm JwUm| H$mo ñnîQ> H$aVo h¢ VWm BZgo à^m{dV
hmoH$a CgH$mo J«hU H$a boVo h¢, Vmo Cgo JwUm§H$Z Ûmam grIZm H$hm OmVm h¡&
5.8 A{YJ‘ Ho$ A{Y{Z¶‘
A{YJ‘ Ho$ A{Y{Z¶‘m| H$m {dH$mg A{YJ‘ Ho$ à‘wI VrZ A{YJ‘ {gÕmÝVm| Ho$
g‘yhm| go {H$¶m J¶m h¡& A{YJ‘ Ho$ à‘wI {Z¶‘ {ZåZ{b{IV h¢-
5.8.1 A{YJ‘ Ho$ A{Y{Z¶‘ Omo CÔrnZ-AZw{H«$¶m A{YJ‘
{gÕmÝVm| go {dH${gV {H$¶o J¶o h¢
1. N>mÌ H$mo {H«$¶merb ahZm Mm{hE VWm H$aHo$ grIZm A{YH$
à^mdembr hmoVm h¡&
2. A{YJ‘ ‘| Aä¶mg H$s nwZamd¥{Îm A{YH$ ‘hÎdnyU© hmoVr h¡& Bgo
Aä¶mg H$m {Z¶‘ H$hVo h¢&
3. A{YJ‘ ‘| nwZ~©bZ ‘hÎdnyU© hmoVm h¡& dm§{N>V ì¶dhmam| Ho$ {b¶o
YZmË‘H$ nwZ~©bZ VWm Adm§{N>V ì¶dhmam| Ho$ {b¶o G$UmË‘H$
nwZ~©bZ ‘hÎdnyU© hmoVm h¡&
4. à˶¶ Ho$ {dH$mg Ho$ {b¶o g‘mOrH$aU VWm {d^oXrH$aU A{YH$
‘hÎdnyU© hmoVo h¢&
5. ZdrZ ì¶dhma H$mo grIZo ‘| N>mÌm| H$s A{YH$ ê${M hmoVr h¡& N>mÌ
AZwH$aU go OëXr grIVo h¢&
6. Amdí¶H$VmAm| H$s gÝVwpîQ> H$aZo go N>mÌ OëXr grIVo h¢, ³¶m|{H$
Amdí¶H$VmE± VZmd CËnÝZ H$aVr h¢ Am¡a N>mÌ VZmd H$mo H$‘
H$aZm MmhVm h¡&
7. {Zamem Am¡a VZmd H$s pñW{V ^r A{YJ‘ ‘| ‘hÎdnyU© hmoVr h¡&
5.8.2 gyP Ho$ A{YJ‘ A{Y{Z¶‘ Omo kmZmË‘H$ {gÕmÝV go
{dH${gV {H$¶o J¶o h¢
1. à˶jrH$aU H$s {deofVm¶|, {H$gHo$ ~mX {H$gH$m AZwgaU hmoVm h¡&
2. {ejH$ Ho$ {b¶o kmZ H$m g§JR>Z H$aZm {ZVmÝV Amdí¶H$ hmoVm h¡&
3. A{YJ‘ ~moYJå¶Vm Ho$ gmW A{YH$ ñWm¶r hmoVm h¡ VWm CgH$m
àgmaU ^r A{YH$ à^mdembr hmoVm h¡&
4. ghr kmZ H$s nwpîQ>, kmZmË‘H$ nw[îQ>nmofU àXmZ H$aVr h¡&
5. N>mÌ Ho$ {b¶o bú¶ {ZYm©aU, CgHo$ A{YJ‘ Ho$ {b¶o àoaUm àXmZ
H$aVo h¢&
6. {dHo$ÝÐrH$aU {MÝVZ g‘ñ¶mAm| Ho$ g‘mYmZ Ho$ {b¶o {Xem àXmZ
H$aZm h¡&
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
àJʶ
5.8.3 A[YJ‘ Ho$ A{Y{Z¶‘ Omo A{^àoaU VWm ì¶p³VËd Ho$
{gÕmÝVm| go {dH${gV {H$¶o J¶o h¢
1. A{YJ‘ ‘| N>mÌ H$s ¶mo½¶Vm¶| ‘hÎdnyU© H$m¶© H$aVr h¢&
2. d§emZwH«$‘ ^r N>mÌ Ho$ {dH$mg ‘| ‘hÎdnyU© H$m¶© H$aVm h¡&
3. A{YJ‘ gm§ñH¥${VH$ ÑpîQ> go gmno{jH$ à˶j hmoVm h¡&
4. A{YJ‘ à{H«$¶m Ho$ {b¶o N>mÌ H$m CËgwH$Vm ñVa {ZYm©[aV H$aZm
hmoVm h¡&
5. à˶oH$ N>mÌ Ho$ àoaH$ KQ>H$ ^r Xÿgam| go {^ÝZ hmoVo h¢&
6. N>mÌ Ho$ àoaH$ VWm ‘yë¶m| H$m g§JR>Z H$aZm ^r ‘hÎdnyU© hmoVm h¡&
7. gm‘y{hH$ dmVmdaU ^r A{YJ‘ à{H«$¶m Ho$ {b¶o ‘hÎdnyU© hmoVm h¡&
¶h A{YJ‘ {Z¶‘, {ejU Ho$ {Z¶‘m| Ho$ {dH$mg Ho$ {bE A{YH$
‘hÎdnyU© VWm ghm¶H$ hmoVo h¢&
5.9 A{YJ‘ H$mo gab ~ZmZo dmbo H$maH$
A{YJ‘ H$mo à^m{dV H$aZo dmbo H$maH$m| Ho$ A{V[aº Hw$N> H$maH$ Eogo h¢, Omo
A{YJ‘ H$mo gab ~ZmVo h¢& BZ H$maH$m| H$s MMm© àmo. ~Zm©S>© Zo AnZr nwñVH$
‘| H$s h¡, Omo {H$ AܶmnH$m| Ho$ {bE A{YH$ ‘hÎdnyU© h¡-
1. A{YJ‘ Ho$ CÔoí¶m| H$m ñnîQ>rH$aU
¶{X A{YJ‘ Ho$ CÔoí¶ ì¶p³V H$mo ñnîQ> h¢ Am¡a dh CZ CÔoí¶m| H$mo ñdrH$ma
H$aVm h¡, Vmo A{YJ‘ CgHo$ {bE gab hmo OmVm h¡& CÔoí¶ grIZo dmbo Ho$
{bE bú¶ ~Z OmVo h¡ Am¡a dh CZ bú¶m| H$s àm{á Ho$ {bE à¶ËZ Amaå^
H$a XoVm h¡&
2. A{YJ‘ H$m g§H$ën
N>mÌ Ûmam grIZo H$m g§H$ën H$a boZo na A{YJ‘ gab, Vrd« Am¡a ñWm¶r
hmo OmVm h¡& N>mÌm| H$mo O~ ¶h kmV hmo OmVm h¡ {H$ CZgo ³¶m Anojm H$s Om
ahr h¡, V~ CÔoí¶ {ZpíMV hmo OmVo h¢ ¶m n[aUm‘m| Ho$ n[ab{jV hmo OmZo na
A{YJ‘ gab hmo OmVm h¡& Eogr pñW{V ‘| N>mÌ grIZo Ho$ {bE JhZ à¶ËZ
Amaå^ H$a XoVm h¡ Am¡a VmËH$m{bH$ H$m¶© na A{YH$ ܶmZ Ho$[ÝÐV H$aZo
bJVm h¡&
3. {dV[aV à¶ËZ
A{YJ‘ H$s {H«$¶m bJmVma Zht MbZr Mm{hE& EH$ H$m¶© H$mo grIZo Ho$ {bE
Omo à¶ËZ {H$¶o Om¶|, CZHo$ ‘ܶ Hw$N> AÝVa Adí¶ aIZm Mm{hE, CXmhaU
Ho$ {bE, EH$ g§JrV Ho$ ¶ÝÌ H$mo ~OmZm grIZo Ho$ {bE EH$ hr {XZ bJmVma
7 KÊQ>m| VH$ Aä¶mg H$aZo H$s Anojm Xmo gámh VH$ à{V{XZ AmYm KÊQ>m
Aä¶mg H$admZo go grIZm A{YH$ gab Am¡a ñWm¶r hmoJm& BgH$m H$maU ¶h
h¡ {H$ bå~r Ad{Y H$s Anojm bKw Ad{Y ‘| ܶmZ H$mo A{YH$ Ho$pÝÐV {H$¶m Om
gH$Vm h¡& gmW hr bå~r Ad{Y dmbo Aä¶mg ‘| Ìw{Q>¶m| H$s nwZamd¥{Îm H$s ^r
gå^mdZm ahVr h¡& AVEd {dÚmb¶ ‘| H$mbm§e A{YH$ bå~o Zht hmoZo Mm{hE
Am¡a Z EH$ {df¶ Ho$ bJmVma Xmo ¶m VrZ hmoZo Mm{hE&
4. g‘J« A{YJ‘ Am¡a IÊS> A{YJ‘
{H$gr H${dVm H$mo AmÚmonmÝV EH$ gmW hr ¶mX H$aZm g‘J« A{YJ‘ H$s {d{Y
 àJʶ A{YJ‘ n¥îR> 71

H$hbmVr h¡ Am¡a ¶{X EH$ H${dVm H$mo EH$-EH$ nX H$aHo$ ¶mX {H$¶m OmVm h¡ Vmo
¶h IÊS> A{YJ‘ {d{Y H$hbmVr h¡& {H$gr {df¶ H$mo H$ÊR>ñW H$aZo ‘| g‘J«
Aä¶mgmW© àíZ
{d{Y AnZmZr Mm{hE& Bggo g‘¶ H$s ~MV hmoVr h¡& Hw$emJ«-~w{Õ dmbo N>mÌm|
H$mo g‘J« {d{Y go hr grIZm gab hmoVm h¡, {H$ÝVw Bg {d{Y H$m à¶moJ Aܶ¶Z
BH$mB© Ho$ AmH$ma na {Z^©a H$aoJm& ¶h gå^d Zht h¡ {H$ gånyU© nwñVH$ H$mo 1. ‘Zmo{dkmZ H$s ÑpîQ> go grIZo H$m AW© h¡-
N>mÌ gånyU© {d{Y go ¶mX H$a bo& (1) {df¶-dñVw H$m kmZ
(2) {df¶-dñVw H$mo aQ> boZm
5. àJ{V H$m kmZ H$aZm (3) ì¶dhma ‘| dm§{N>V n[adV©Z AmZm
¶{X N>mÌm| H$mo CZH$s àJ{V go AdJV H$am¶m Om¶o Vmo A{YJ‘ gab hmo OmVm (4) ì¶dhma ‘| gwYma
h¡& àJ{V Ho$ kmZ go N>mÌ AnZo à¶ËZm| Ho$ n[aUm‘ H$m narjU H$aZo Ho$ ¶mo½¶
~ZVm h¡ Am¡a BgHo$ AmYma na CgH$mo AnZr Ìw{Q>¶m| H$m kmZ hmoVm h¡& ZmBQ> 2. A{YJ‘ H$m AW© h¡-
Zo EH$ à¶moJ {H$¶m, N>mÌm| Ho$ Xmo g‘wXm¶ ~Zm¶o Am¡a XmoZm| H$mo 20 KÊQ>o J{UV (1) ~m¡{ÕH$ kmZ

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n‹T>m¶m& EH$ g‘yh Ho$ N>mÌm| H$s àJ{V H$m AmboI aIm J¶m VWm CZH$mo àJ{V (2) ^mfm H$m ewÕ kmZ
(3) ì¶p³VËd H$m gdmªJrU {dH$mg
go AdJV ^r H$am¶m J¶m& Xÿgao g‘yh H$mo àJ{V H$m kmZ Zht H$adm¶m J¶m&
(4) ~ÀMm| H$mo n‹T>mZm
BgH$m n[aUm‘ ¶h ahm {H$ àJ{V go AdJV g‘yh Zo Xÿgao g‘yh go 12 à{VeV
àJ{V A{YH$ H$s& àJ{V H$m kmZ N>mÌm| Ho$ {bE àoaH$ Ho$ ê$n ‘| hmoVm h¡& 3. grIZm go ³¶m VmËn¶© hmoVm h¡?
AܶmnH$m| H$mo H$jm Ho$ à˶oH$ N>mÌ H$s àJ{V H$m MmQ>© ~ZmZm Mm{hE& (1) ‘Zmod¥{V ‘| n[adV©Z
(2) ì¶dhma ‘| n[adV©Z
6. ànmR>
(3) ì¶dhma ‘| AnojmH¥$V ñWm¶r n[adV©Z
{H$gr ¶mX H$s JB© {df¶-gm‘J«r H$m ànmR> ^r grIZo H$mo gab ~Zm XoVm h¡&
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(4) AZw^y{V ‘| n[adV©Z

ànmR> CÀM ñda ¶m {~Zm Üd{Z XmoZm| ê$nm| ‘| hmo gH$Vm h¡& ànmR> ¶mX H$s JB©
gm‘J«r H$mo bå~r Ad{Y VH$ ñ‘aU aIZo ‘| ghm¶H$ hmoVm h¡& ànmR> ^r grIZo 4. A{YJ‘ H$s àH¥${V h¡-
H$s EH$ {H«$¶m h¡& ànmR> go VmËn¶© Ho$db nwZJ©R>Z go Zht h¡ ~pëH$ ànmR> go (1) V˶mË‘H$Vm (2) JwU-Xmof {ddoMZ
VmËn¶© {df¶-gm‘J«r H$mo ZdrZ ê$n XoZm, ZdrZ n[apñW{V ‘| à¶moJ ‘| bmZm, (3) ~m¡{ÕH$Vm (4) ¶o g^r
{d{^ÝZ ÑpîQ>H$moU go XoIZm h¡& AܶmnH$ H$mo ànmR> go VmËn¶© nwZH©$WZ go Z
5. ϶moarO Am°’$ b{ZªJ Zm‘H$ nwñVH$ Ho$ boIH$ h¢-
boH$a ZdrZ n[apñÏm{V¶m| ‘| gyMZmAm| Ho$ nwZ… Cn¶moJ go boZm Mm{hE& (1) {ñH$Za (2) Wm°Z©S>mBH$
7. nwZñ‘©aU (3) {hbJmS>© (4) ’«¢$S>gZ
A{YJ‘ H$s {H«$¶m H$mo nwZñ‘©aU A{YH$ gab ~Zm XoVm h¡& grIVo g‘¶
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6. grIZm {dH$mg H$s à{H«$¶m h¡& ¶h H$WZ {H$gH$m h¡?

nwZñ‘©aU go N>mÌ H$mo Ìw{Q>¶m| Ed§ H${R>ZmB¶m| H$m VwaÝV kmZ hmo OmVm h¡& Bggo
(1) JoQ²>g (2) dwS>dW©
gm‘J«r H$mo à¶moJ ‘| bmZo H$m Aä¶mg hmoVm h¡& AܶmnH$ H$mo nwZñ‘©aU H$m (3) {ñH$Za (4) H$mohba
Cn¶moJ grIZo H$s {H«$¶m ‘| H$aZm Mm{hE& N>mÌm| H$mo VmËH$m{bH$ g‘ñ¶m Ho$
g‘mYmZ ‘| nyd© kmZ Ho$ Cn¶moJ Ho$ {bE àmoËgm[hV H$aZm Mm{hE& 7. ~ÀMm| Ho$ {bE grIZm-
(1) gÝVmof‘¶ hmoVm h¡&
************** (2) H${R>Z hmoVm h¡&
AJa Amn B.Ed, D.Ed, BSTC ¶m {ejU AܶmnZ Ho$ joÌ ‘| n‹T>mB© H$a aho h¢ Vmo (3) Iob Iob ‘| hmoVm h¡&
Amngo {ZdoXZ h¡ {H$ {ZåZ{b{IV Whatsapp No. AnZr H$jm Ho$ ìhmQ²>gEn Jw«n ‘| (4) ha Vah H$m hmoVm h¡&
Omo‹S>|& AJa AmnH$m ìhmQ²>gEn Jw«n Zht ~Zm hþAm h¡ Vmo H¥$n¶m H$‘ go H$‘ 20 {dÚmWu
{‘bH$a ìhmQ²>gEn Jw«n ~Zm b|& 8. ~mbH$m| ‘| A{YJ‘-
UPTET - 95301 43210 (1) kmZ H$mo aQ>Zo go hmoVm h¡&
MP Samvida - 95302 43210 (2) nmR²>¶nwñVH$ H$mo n‹T>Zo go hmoVm h¡&
BTET - 95302 43210
UTET - 72209 29294 (3) {ejH$ Ûmam kmZ Ho$ ñWmZmÝVaU Ûmam hmoVm h¡&
JTET - 72209 29239 (4) {H«$¶m H$aHo$ hmoVm h¡&
HTET - 72209 29266
CGTET - 72209 28969
HPTET - 72209 28535 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
AmnHo$ ³bmg Ho$ ìhmQ²>gEn Jw«n ‘| {ejm g§~§Yr g^r à{V¶moJr narjm Ho$ nong©, ‘m°S>b (3) (3) (3) (4) (3) (2) (3) (3)
nong© Ed§ Aݶ Aܶ¶Z gm‘J«r ^oOr OmEJr& AmnH$m ewê$ go ‘mJ©Xe©Z {H$¶m OmEJm,
Vm{H$~mb
Amn {dH$mg Ed§ ‘|{ejm
à{V¶moJr narjm emñÌ
A{VerK« g’$bVmH$sàmáBgH$anwgH|ñVH$
$& H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘|
àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
 n¥îR> 72 A{YJ‘ àJʶ
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
9. A{YJ‘ Ho$ {bE ³¶m Amdí¶H$ h¡? 19. ‘mZdr¶ A{YJ‘ ‘| {ZåZ ‘| go H$m¡Zgm H$maH$ A{YH$ ‘hÎdnyU© h¡?
(1) ñdmZw^d (2) ñd{MÝVZ (1) nwZñWm©nZm (2) {Okmgm
(3) ñd{H«$¶m (4) Cn¶w©³V g^r (3) nwZ~©bZ (4) ê${M

10. grIZo Ho$ dH«$ {H$VZo àH$ma Ho$ hmoVo h¢? 20. A{YJ‘ H$s à{H«$¶m Ho$ EH$ MaU Ho$ ê$n ‘| N>mÌm| H$s Ìw{Q>¶m| H$m
(1) 2 (2) 3$ nVm bJmZo Ho$ {bE {ejH$ H$mo {ZåZ{b[IV ‘| go {H$gH$s OmZH$mar
(3) 4$ (4) 5$ gdm©{YH$ Amdí¶H$ h¡?
(1) A{YJ‘ H$s d¡H$pënH$ AdYmaUmE±
11. grIZm EH$ gmd©^m¡{‘H$ à{H«$¶m h¡, Omo- (2) A{YJ‘ H$mo à^m{dV H$aZo dmbo H$maH$
(1) g‘ñV àm{U¶m| ‘| nm¶r OmVr h¡&
(3) A{YJ‘H$Vm© H$s gm‘m{OH$ Am¡a Am{W©H$ {ñW{V
(2) EH$ C‘« {deof Ho$ bmoJm| ‘| nm¶r OmVr h¡&
(4) Cnamo³V g^r
(3) g‘¶ Ho$ gmW Yrao-Yrao H$‘ hmo ahr h¡&
(4) AܶmnH$ go ~mbH$ VH$ AmVr h¡& 21. A{YJ‘ Ho$ gÝX^© ‘| {ejmempñ̶m| Ed§ ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| Zo {d{dY àH$ma
H$s n[a^mfmE± Xr h¢& BZ n[a^mfmAm| Ho$ AZwgma A{YJ‘ ...........
12. A{YJ‘H$Vm© hoVw A{YJ‘ H$m ‘w»¶ AmYma hmoVm h¡-
(1) n[an³dVm MbZo dmbr EH$ {ZaÝVa à{H«$¶m h¡&
(2) emar[aH$ {dH$mg (1) OrdZ n¶©ÝV ~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV²
g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡ {H$ Bg
(3) {dÚmb¶ H$s ~ZmdQ> (2) {H$emoamdñWm VH$ nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ>
(4) BZ‘| go H$moB© Zht (3) d¥ÕmdñWm VH$ www.praganya.org
(4) ¶wdmdñWm VH$ go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
13. A{YJ‘ H$mo à^m{dV H$aZo dmbm H$maH$ h¡-
(1) emar[aH$ Ed§ ‘mZ{gH$ ñdmñ϶ (2) A{YJ‘ H$s BÀN>m 22. ì¶dhma ‘| hmoZo dmbo ñWm¶r n[adV©Z, Omo Aä¶mg Ho$ H$maU hmoVo h¢,
(3) A{^àoaUm (4) Cn¶w©³V g^r H$mo H$hm OmVm h¡-
(1) grIZm (2) gmoMZm
14. grIZo Ho$ {bE A˶{YH$ ‘hÎdnyU© h¡- (3) {H«$¶m H$aZm (4) H$ënZm H$aZm
(1) àoaUm H$m hmoZm
(2) {ZaW©H$ nX 23. Wm°Z©S>mBH$ Ho$ A{YJ‘ H$m/Ho$ ‘w»¶ {Z¶‘ h¡/h¢-
(3) ñ‘¥{V ‘mnZ CnH$aU (1) à^md H$m {Z¶‘ (2) VËnaVm H$m {Z¶‘
(4) VoO J{V go n‹T>Zo H$s j‘Vm (3) Aä¶mg H$m {Z¶‘ (4) C³V g^r

15. A{YJ‘ H$mo à^m{dV H$aZo dmbm ì¶p³VJV H$maH$ h¡- 24. ~mbH$ gd©àW‘ H$m¡Zgr {H«$¶m grIVm h¡?
(1) g§Mma Ho$ gmYZ (2) g‘d¶ñH$ g‘yh (1) ^md àXe©Z (2) n‹T>Zm
(3) AܶmnH$ (4) n[an³dVm Ed§ Am¶w (3) {bIZm (4) MbZm

16. grIZo H$s n[aKQ>Zm ‘| Amdí¶H$ KQ>H$ Zht h¡- 25. AZw^d Ûmam ì¶dhma ‘| n[adV©Z bmZm hr A{YJ‘ h¡& ¶h H$WZ h¡-
(1) A{YJ‘H$Vm© (2) AmÝV[aH$ AdñWm (1) H«$mo Ed§ H«$mo H$m (2) JoQ²>g ‘hmoX¶ H$m
(3) àoaH$ (4) {ejH$ (3) {ñH$Za H$m (4) {Jb’$moS>© ‘hmoX¶ H$m

17. ~mbH$m| Ho$ grIZo na gdm©{YH$ à^md n‹S>Vm h¡- 26. S>rdr grIZo H$m AmYma {H$go ‘mZVo Wo?
(1) àoaUm H$m (2) ê${M H$m (1) {H«$¶mAm| H$mo (2) AmË‘m H$mo
(3) ~m¡{ÕH$ ¶mo½¶Vm H$m (4) emar[aH$ g§JR>Z H$m (3) ~w{Õ H$mo (4) kmZopÝжm| H$mo

18. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgm ^m¡{VH$ H$maH$ grIZo ‘| ~mYH$ h¡? 27. grIZm H$s n[a^mfm g~go AÀN>r ............ Ho$ AW© ‘| Xr OmVr h¡&
(1) ewÕ dm¶w (2) Cn¶w³V VmnH«$‘ (1) ì¶dhma n[adV©Z (2) ì¶dhma n[adO©Z
(3) Cn¶w³V Yyn (4) àXÿfU (3) Cn¶w©³V XmoZm| (4) BZ‘| go H$moB© Zht

9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27.
(4) (3) (1) (1) (4) (1) (4) (4) (1) (4) (1) (2) (1) (1) (4) (1) (2) (1) (3)

~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
 àJʶ A{YJ‘ n¥îR> 73

28. A{YJ‘ Ho$ {dH$mg ‘| {ZåZ ‘§o go g~go ‘hÎdnyU© ³¶m h¡? 35. ñHy$b Ho$ ^rVa Am¡a ~mha, XmoZm| OJhm| na .......... H$s ..........
(1) ì¶ñV {dÚmb¶ H$m¶©H«$‘ MbVr ahVr h¡&
(2) A{YH$ nmR²>¶-nwñVH|$ (1) {dH$mg; à{H«$¶m (2) ~mbH$; eamaV|
(3) A{YJ‘ CËào[aV dmVmdaU (3) grIZo; à{H«$¶m (4) {ejH$m|; àJ{V
(4) CËgwH$ ‘mVm-{nVm
36. O~ nyd© H$m A{YJ‘ ZB© pñW{V¶m| Ho$ grIZo H$mo {~ëHw$b à^m{dV Zht
29. O~ ~ÀMo CZ J{V{d{Y¶m| ‘| em{‘b hmoVo h¢, Omo ......... hmoVr h¢, V~ H$aVm, Vmo ¶h ............ H$hbmVm h¡&
do OëXr ........... H$aVo h¢& (1) A{YJ‘ H$m eyݶ ñWmZmÝVaU
(1) H$jm H$j ‘| Cn¶moJr; {dñ‘aU (2) A{YJ‘ H$m {Zanoj ñWmZmÝVaU
(2) Ho$db CZHo$ H$jm-H$m¶© go gå~pÝYV; à˶mñ‘aU (3) A{YJ‘ H$m gH$mamË‘H$ ñWmZmÝVaU
(3) gm§ñH¥${VH$ ê$n go {Zînjr¶; ñ‘aU (4) A{YJ‘ H$m ZH$mamË‘H$ ñWmZmÝVaU
(4) dmñV{dH$ OrdZ ‘| Cn¶moJr; grIm
37. ~ÀMm| Ho$ grIZo Ho$ gÝX^© ‘| {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgm H$WZ g˶

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30. {ejmWu ’¡$eZ emo H$mo XoIH$a ‘m°S>ëg H$m AZwH$aU H$aZo H$s H$mo{ee h¡?
H$aVo h¢& Bg àH$ma Ho$ AZwH$aU H$mo ............ H$hm Om gH$Vm h¡& (1) grIZm {H$gr H$s ‘ܶñWVm Ho$ {~Zm Zht hmo gH$Vm h¡&
(1) àmW{‘H$ AZwH$aU (2) ~ÀMo ì¶p³VJV ñVa na Xÿgam| go ^r {d{^ÝZ VarH$m| go grIVo h¢&
(2) Jm¡U AZwH$aU (3) grIZo Ho$ ~mX ì¶p³V ñd¶§ Am¡a Xþ{Z¶m H$mo g‘PZo Ho$ ¶mo½¶ hmo nmVm
(3) gm‘m{OH$ A{YJ‘ h¡&
(4) gm‘mݶrH$aU (4) grIZm, AZw^d ¶m ì¶dhma ‘| n[adV©Z h¡&

31. grIZo H$s VËnaVm ........... H$s Amoa g§Ho$V H$aVr h¡& 38. O~ dV©‘mZ H$m¶© H$mo H$aVo g‘¶ nyd© ‘| grIo J¶o H$m¶© Ho$ Ûmam ~mYm
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(1) Wm°Z©S>mBH$ Ho$ VËnaVm H$m {Z¶‘ Cn{ñWV H$s OmVr h¡, Vmo Bg {ñW{V H$mo H$hVo h¢-
(2) {ejm{W©¶m| Ho$ gm‘mݶ ¶mo½¶Vm ñVa (1) eyݶ ñWmZmÝVaU ~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg
nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m
(3) grIZo Ho$ gmV˶H$ ‘| {ejm{W©¶m| H$m dV©‘mZ g§kmZmË‘H$ ñVa (2) G$UmË‘H$ ñWmZmÝVaU h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
(4) grIZo Ho$ H$m¶© H$s àH¥${V H$mo gÝVwîQ> H$aZo (3) YZmË‘H$ ñWmZmÝVaU àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ>
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(4) Cn¶w©³V ‘| go H$moB© Zht na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF
32. EH$ ~ÀMm AVrV H$s g‘mZ n[a{ñW{V ‘| H$s JB© AZw{H«$¶mAm| S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&

Ho$ AmYma na ZB© {ñW{V Ho$ à{V AZw{H«$¶m H$aVm h¡& ¶h {H$ggo 39. O~ EH$ {ejU dH«$ aoIm ¶h àH$Q> H$aVr h¡ {H$ àmapå^H$ à¶mgm| ‘|
gå~pÝYV h¡? grIZo H$s J{V Vrd« h¡ {H$ÝVw ~mX Ho$ à¶mgm| ‘| ¶h J{V H«$‘e… ‘§X
(1) grIZo H$m gmÑí¶Vm {Z¶‘
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hmoVr Mbr OmVr h¡, Vmo Bg àH$ma Ho$ {ejU H$mo ³¶m H$hm OmVm h¡?
(2) grIZo H$m à^md {Z¶‘ (1) G$UmË‘H$ {ejU dH«$ (2) AmoOmBd
(3) grIZo H$s à{H«$¶m H$m A{^d¥{Îm {Z¶‘ (3) YZmË‘H$ {ejU dH«$ (4) Cn¶w©³V ‘| go H$moB© Zht
(4) grIZo H$m VËnaVm {Z¶‘
40. grIZo Ho$ dH«$-
33. ~ÀMm| ‘| grIZo Ho$ {bE Amdí¶H$ VÎd h¢- (1) grIZo H$s àJ{V Ho$ gyMH$ h¢&
1. Aä¶mg 2. VËnaVm (2) grIZo H$s ‘m¡{bH$Vm Ho$ gyMH$ h¢&
3. AÝV…ÑpîQ> (3) grIZo Ho$ J˶mË‘H$ ñdê$n Ho$ gyMH$ h¢&
(1) Ho$db 1 (2) Ho$db 2 (4) grIZo H$s aMZmË‘H$Vm Ho$ gyMH$ h¢&
(3) Ho$db 3 (4) ¶o g^r
41. grIZm g‘¥Õ hmo gH$Vm h¡ ¶{X-
34. grIZm H$moB© ............ Am¡a grYr ........... hmoVr h¡, ~pëH$ ¶h (1) dmñV{dH$ Xþ{Z¶m go CXmhaUm| H$mo H$jm ‘| bm¶m OmE, {Og‘| {dÚmWu
O{Q>b, ~hþAm¶m‘r Am¡a J{Verb à{H«$¶m h¡& EH$-Xÿgao go AÝV…{H«$¶m H$ao Am¡a {ejH$ Cg à{H«$¶m H$mo gwJ‘ ~ZmE&
(1) AmgmZ; à{H«$¶m (2) AmgmZ; à{H«$¶m Zht (2) H$jm ‘| A{YH$ go A{YH$ {ejU gm‘J«r H$m à¶moJ {H$¶m OmE&
(3) H$R>moa; à{H«$¶m Zht (4) H$R>moa; à{H«$¶m (3) {ejH$ {d{^ÝZ àH$ma Ho$ ì¶m»¶mZ Am¡a ñnîQ>rH$aU H$m à¶moJ H$a|&
(4) H$jm ‘| Amd{YH$ narjmAm| na Ano{jV ܶmZ {X¶m OmE&

28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41.
(3) (4) (3) (3) (1) (4) (2) (3) (1) (1) (2) (1) (1) (1)

~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
 n¥îR> 74 A{YJ‘ àJʶ
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
42. {ZåZ ‘o§ go H$m¡Zgo H$WZ H$mo grIZo H$s à{H«$¶m H$s {deofVm Zht 48. grIZo H$s A’$bVmAm| H$m H$maU, g‘PZo H$s Ag’$bVmE± h¢& ¶h
‘mZZm Mm{hE? H$WZ {H$gH$m h¡?
(1) e¡{jH$ g§ñWmZ hr EH$‘mÌ ñWmZ h¡, Ohm± A{YJ‘ àmßV hmoVm h¡& (1) nmdbm°d (2) {ñH$Za
(2) grIZm EH$ ì¶mnH$ à{H«$¶m h¡& (3) ‘g}b (4) dwS>dW©
(3) grIZm bú¶moÝ‘wIr hmoVm h¡&
(4) AZ-A{YJ‘ ^r grIZo H$s à{H«$¶m h¡& 49. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go grIZm {H$g àH$ma H$s J{V{d[Y h¡?
(1) ì¶{³VJV (2) gm‘m{OH$
43. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go {H$g H$WZ H$mo grIZo Ho$ bjU Ho$ ê$n ‘| Zht (3) ì¶mdhm[aH$ (4) ¶o g^r
‘mZm Om gH$Vm h¡?
(1) grIZm EH$ Eogr MrO h¡, Omo Hw$N> AZw^dm| Ho$ n[aUm‘ñdê$n K{Q>V 50. grIZo Ho$ g’$b AZw^d A{YH$ grIZo H$s àoaUm XoVo h¢& ¶h H$WZ
hmoVm h¡& {H$gH$m h¡?
(2) ì¶dhma H$m Aܶ¶Z grIZm h¡& (1) àogr H$m (2) am°{~ÝgZ H$m
(3) AZ-A{YJ‘ ^r grIZo H$m EH$ {hñgm h¡& (3) ’«¢$S>gZ H$m (4) hm°a³g H$m
(4) grIZm EH$ à{H«$¶m h¡, Omo ì¶dhma ‘| ‘ܶñWVm H$aVr h¡&
51. Wm°Z©S>mBH$ Zo A{YJ‘ Ho$ {H$VZ Jm¡U {Z¶‘ ~VmE h¢?
44. {ejmWu Omo nhbo grI MwHo$ h¢, CgH$s nwZamd¥{Îm Am¡a à˶mñ‘aU ‘| (1) 5 (2) 6
{ejm{W©¶m| H$s ‘XX H$aZm ‘hÎdnyU© h¡, ³¶m|{H$- (3) 7 (4) 8
(1) ZB© OmZH$mar H$mo nyd© OmZH$mar go Omo‹S>Zm grIZo H$mo g‘¥Õ ~ZmVm h¡& 52. EH$ H$m¶© Ho$ grIZo H$m Xÿgao H$m¶© Ho$ grIZo na H$moB© à^md Zht n‹S>Vm
(2) nyd© nmR>m| H$mo XmohamZo H$m ¶h à^mdr VarH$m h¡&
h¡, Vmo Bg à{ejU-ñWmZmÝVaU H$mo ³¶m H$hVo h¢?
(3) ¶h {ejm{W©¶m| H$s ñ‘¥{V H$mo ~‹T>mVm h¡, {Oggo grIZm gwÑ‹T> hmoVm h¡&
(1) {ZfoYmË‘H$ à{ejU-ñWmZmÝVaU
(4) ¶h {H$gr ^r H$jm-AZwXoeZ Ho$ {bE EH$ gw{dYmOZH$ ewéAmV h¡&
(2) eyݶ à{ejU-ñWmZmÝVaU
45. EH$ {e{jH$m AnZo {ejm{W©¶m| H$mo AZoH$ Vah H$s gm‘y{hH$ (3) ZJʶ à{ejU-ñWmZmÝVaU
J{V{d{Y¶m| ‘| ì¶ñV aIVr h¡, O¡go- g‘yh MMm©, g‘yh n[a¶moOZmE±, (4) VQ>ñW à{ejU-ñWmZmÝVaU
^y{‘H$m {Zdm©h Am{X& ¶h grIZo Ho$ {H$g Am¶m‘ H$mo COmJa H$aVm 53. àW‘ AdñWm ‘| grIo J¶o H$m¶© Ho$ n[aUm‘ñdê$n Xÿgao H$m¶© H$mo
h¡? grIZm H${R>Z hmo OmE, Vmo ¶h à{VfU-ñWmZmÝVaU hmo OmVm h¡-
(1) gm‘m{OH$ J{V{d{Y¶m| Ho$ ê$n ‘| A{YJ‘ (1) {dYo¶mË‘H$ (2) {ZfoYmË‘H$
(2) ‘Zmoa§OZ Ûmam A{YJ‘ (3) eyݶ (4) Cn¶w©³V ‘| go H$moB© Zht
(3) ^mfm-{ZX}{eV A{YJ‘
(4) à{V¶mo{JVm-AmYm[aV A{YJ‘ 54. {H$gr {H«$¶m H$mo ~ma-~ma XmohamZo go CgH$m gå~ÝY Ñ‹T> hmo OmVm h¡&
¶h Wm°Z©S>mBH$ Ho$ {H$g {Z¶‘ na AmYm[aV h¡?
46. {deof ê$n go àmW{‘H$ ñVa na {dÚm{W©¶m| H$s grIZo gå~ÝYr (1) VËnaVm Ho$ {Z¶‘ na (2) à^md Ho$ {Z¶‘ na
g‘ñ¶mAm| H$mo gå~mo{YV H$aZo H$m g~go ~ohVa VarH$m h¡- (3) Aä¶mg Ho$ {Z¶‘ na (4) Cn¶w©³V ‘| go H$moB© Zht
(1) Aj‘Vm Ho$ AZwê$n {d{^ÝZ {ejU nÕ{V¶m| H$m à¶moJ H$aZm
(2) ‘h±Jr Am¡a M‘H$Xma ghm¶H$ gm‘J«r H$m à¶moJ H$aZm 55. grIr JB© {H«$¶m H$m Aݶ g‘mZ n[a{ñW{V¶m| ‘| Cn¶moJ {H$¶m OmZm
(3) gab Am¡a amoMH$ nmR²>¶ nwñVH$m| H$m à¶moJ H$aZm H$hbmVm h¡-
(4) H$hmZr-H$WZ nÕ{V H$m à¶moJ H$aZm (1) A{YJ‘ (2) A{YJ‘ ñWmZmÝVaU
(3) n[an³dVm (4) BZ‘| go H$moB© Zht
47. ~ÀMm| H$mo grIZo hoVw A{^ào[aV H$aZo Ho$ {b¶o {ejH$ H$mo ~‹T>mdm XoZm
Mm{hE- 56. {H«$¶m H$s g’$bVm go gÝVmof Ed§ Ag’$bVm go AgÝVmof hmoVm h¡& ¶o
(1) à{VñnYm© H$WZ Wm°Z©S>mBH$ Ho$ {H$g {Z¶‘ H$mo B§{JV H$aVm h¡?
(2) H$jm ‘| àW‘ AmZo dmbo ~ÀMo H$mo nwañH¥$V H$aHo$ (1) Aä¶mg H$m {Z¶‘ (2) à^md H$m {Z¶‘
(3) grIZo hoVw C{MV {ñW{V Am¡a dmVmdaU H$m g¥OZ H$aHo$ (3) VËnaVm H$m {Z¶‘ (4) Cn¶w©³V g^r
(4) H$jm ‘| à{V^membr ~ÀMm| H$s àe§gm H$aHo$

42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56.
(1) (2) (1) (1) (1) (3) (3) (2) (3) (1) (2) (2) (3) (2) (2)

~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
 àJʶ A{YJ‘ n¥îR> 75

57. AmYw{ZH$ e¡{jH$ ÑpîQ>H$moU go A{YJ‘ AZw^dm| H$s g’$bVm {Z^©a 64. {ZåZ ‘| go H$m¡Zgm H$maH$ ~mbH$m| ‘§o A{YH$V‘ A{YJ‘ àgma hoVw
H$aVr h¡- Amdí¶H$ h¡?
(1) grIZo dmbo N>mÌ H$s VËnaVm na (1) Aܶ¶Z Ho$ à{V CZH$s d¡¶p³VH$ ê${M
(2) {ejH$ Ho$ ì¶p³VËd na (2) H$jm H$j ‘| A{YH$m{YH$ H$m¶©
(3) grIZo dmbo H$s àoaUmAm| na (3) J¥hH$m¶© H$s A{YH$Vm
(4) grIZo H$s n[a{ñW{V VWm dmVmdaU na (4) boIZ H$m¶© H$s A{YH$Vm

58. gwIXm¶H$ à^md go gå~ÝY n³Ho$ hmoVo h¢ Am¡a Xþ…IXm¶H$ à^md go 65. EH$ {e{jH$m AnZr H$jm H$mo e¡{jH$ ^«‘U na bo OmVr h¡-
H$‘Omoa hmoVo h¢& ¶h {Z¶‘ H$m¡Zgm h¡? (1) {dÚmb¶ ‘| amoOmZm {ejU go AdH$me CnbãY H$amZo Ho$ {bE
(1) Aä¶mg H$m {Z¶‘ (2) Cn¶moJ H$m {Z¶‘ (2) à˶j AdbmoH$Z Ho$ {bE ~ÀMm| H$mo Adga CnbãY H$amZo Ho$ {bE
(3) à^md H$m {Z¶‘ (4) AZwà¶moJ H$m {Z¶‘ (3) {dÚmb¶ H¡$boÊS>a ‘| gw{ZpíMV {H«$¶mH$bmn H$aZo Ho$ {bE
(4) ~ÀMm| H$mo ‘Zmoa§OZ CnbãY H$amZo Ho$ {bE
59. ì¶dhma ‘| {g’©$ Cgr n[adV©Z H$mo grIZm H$hm OmVm h¡, Omo-

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(1) AÀN>m hmoVm h¡& 66. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgm H$WZ grIZo Ho$ ~mao ‘| ghr h¡?
(2) ~wam hmoVm h¡& (1) grIZm Cg dmVmdaU ‘| à^mdr hmoVm h¡, Omo g§doJmË‘H$ ê$n go
(3) AÀN>m ¶m ~wam XmoZm| hmoVm h¡& gH$mamË‘H$ hmo Am¡a {ejm{W©¶m| H$mo gÝVwîQ> H$aZo dmbm hmo&
(4) Z AÀN>m hmoVm h¡ Am¡a Z hr ~wam hmoVm h¡& (2) grIZo Ho$ {H$gr ^r MaU na grIZm g§doJmË‘H$ H$maH$m| go à^m{dV
Zht hmoVm&
60. ‘mZd grIZm ‘| Amn {ZåZm§{H$V ‘| go {H$goo A{YH$ ‘hÎd X|Jo? (3) grIZm ‘yb ê$n go ‘mZ{gH$ {H«$¶m h¡&
1. CËgwH$Vm 2. nwZ~©bZ (4) ~ÀMm| Ûmam H$s JB© Ìw{Q>¶m± ¶h g§Ho$V H$aVr h¢ {H$ {H$gr Vah H$m grIZm
3. n[aUm‘ kmZ 4. AmH$m§jm ñVa
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Zht hþAm&
ghr {dH$ën MwZ|-
(1) 1,2 VWm 3 67. EH$ {e{jH$m AnZo {ejU ‘| Ñí¶-lì¶ gm‘{J«¶m| Am¡a emar[aH$
(2) 2,3 VWm 4 J{V{d{Y¶m| H$m à¶moJ H$aVr h¡, ³¶m|{H$-
(3) 3,4 VWm 1 (1) do {ejH$ H$mo Amam‘ XoVo h¢&
(4) 1,2 VWm 4 (2) do à^mdr AmH$bZ H$mo gwJ‘ ~ZmVo h¢&
(3) do {ejm[W©¶m| H$mo d¡{dܶ CnbãY H$amVo h¢&
61. grIr JB© AZw{H«$¶m H$s A{^ì¶p³V O~ ì¶dhma Ho$ ê$n ‘| hmoVr h¡, (4) Bg‘| A{YH$V‘ BpÝжm| H$m Cn¶moJ grIZo H$mo g§d{Õ©V H$aVm h¡&
Vmo Cgo H$hm OmVm h¡-
(1) Aä¶gZ (2) AZwHy$bZ 68. EH$ {ejH/{e{jH$m$ gm‘mݶV… {dÚm{W©¶m| H$mo AbJ-AbJ H$m¶©
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(3) {ZînmXZ (4) ‘ybàd¥{Îm XoVm/XoVr h¡& dh ¶h {dídmg H$aVm/H$aVr h¡ {H$-

(1) {dÚmWu EH$ O¡go H$m¶© g^r {dÚm{W©¶m| H$mo {XE OmZo H$mo ngÝX Zht
62. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgm {ejH$ go gå~pÝYV A{YJ‘ H$mo à^m{dV H$aVo&
H$aZo dmbm H$maH$ h¡? (2) ¶h {dÚm{W©¶m| ‘| à{VñnYm© H$mo ~‹T>mVm h¡&
(1) {df¶-dñVw ‘| àdrUVm (3) {dÚm{W©¶m| ‘| d¡¶p³VH$ AÝVa hmoVo h¢&
(2) ~¡R>Zo H$s C{MV ì¶dñWm (4) {dÚmWu EH$-Xÿgao Ho$ H$m¶© H$s ZH$b Zht H$a gH$Vo&
(3) {ejU A{YJ‘ g§gmYZm| H$s CnbãYVm
(4) {df¶-dñVw ¶m A{YJ‘ AZw^dm| H$s àH¥${V 69. lì¶ {ejU ghm¶H$ gm‘J«r H$m Cn¶moJ {ZåZ{bpIV ‘| go {H$g‘|
{H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡?
63. Ob ew{Õ àH$aU H$mo ñnîQ> H$aZo H$m g~go C{MV VarH$m h¡- (1) ~ÀMm| H$m boIZ gwYmaZo ‘|
(1) MmQ>© H$s ghm¶Vm go à{H«$¶m H$mo àX{e©V H$aZm (2) ~ÀMm| H$m CÀMmaU gwYmaZo ‘|
(2) {dÚm{W©¶m| H$mo ew{ÕH$aU ßbmÝQ> H$m ‘m°S>b ~ZmZo Ho$ {bE H$hZm (3) ~mbH$mo§ Ho$ ‘yë¶m§H$Z ‘|
(3) {dÚm{W©¶m| H$mo Cg ßbmÝQ> na bo OmZm, Ohm± Ob ew{Õ H$s OmVr h¡& (4) Cnamo³V g^r ‘|
(4) nmR²>¶ nwñVH$ go n‹T>mZm

57. 58. 59. 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 67. 68. 69.
(1) (3) (3) (2) (3) (1) (3) (2) (2) (1) (4) (2) (1)

~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
 n¥îR> 76 A{YJ‘ àJʶ
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
70. E{nS>m¶mñH$mon CnH$aU H$m Cn¶moJ {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go {H$gHo$ {bE 78. dmBJmoËñH$s ~ÀMm| Ho$ grIZo ‘o§ {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go {H$g H$maH$ H$s
{H$¶m OmVm h¡? ‘hÎdnyU© ^y{‘H$m na ~b XoVo h¢?
(1) dñVwAm| H$mo ñnîQ> ê$n go XoIZo Ho$ {bE (1) AmZwd§{eH$ (2) Z¡{VH$
(2) {H$gr AnmaXeu dñVw H$mo ñH«$sZ na àjo{nV H$aZo Ho$ {bE (3) emar[aH$ (4) gm‘m{OH$
(3) {H$gr dñVw H$s ZH$b CVmaZo Ho$ {bE
(4) {H$gr dñVw H$mo ~‹S>m {XImZo Ho$ {bE 79. í¶m‘nÅ H$mo {ejU gmYZ gm‘J«r Ho$ {H$g g‘yh ‘| gpå‘{bV {H$¶m
Om gH$Vm h¡?
71. {ejU ‘erZm| H$s {deofVm hmoVr h¡- (1) lì¶ gmYZ (2) Ñí¶ gmYZ
(1) ¶o {ejU g‘ñ¶m H$m g‘mYmZ H$aZo ‘| ghm¶H$ hmoVr h¡& (3) Ñí¶-lì¶ gmYZ (4) BZ‘| go H$moB© Zht
(2) BZ‘| ~mø AZw{H«$¶m Ho$ {bE Adga {X¶m OmVm h¡&
(3) BZ‘| N>mÌm| Ho$ ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$aZo ‘| ^r AmgmZr hmoVr h¡& 80. í¶m‘nÅ na {bIVo g‘¶ g~go ‘hÎdnyU© ³¶m h¡?
(4) Cnamo³V g^r (1) AÀN>r {bImdQ> (2) boIZ ‘| ñnîQ>Vm
(3) ~‹S>o Ajamo§ ‘o§ {bIZm (4) N>moQ>o Ajam| ‘| {bIZm
72. {H$g {ejU ghm¶H$ gm‘J«r go N>mÌm| H$mo CÀM H$mo{Q> H$m nwZ~©bZ
àmá hmo gH$Vm h¡? 81. {dÚm{W©¶m| Ho$ nmoQ>©’$mo{b¶m| Ho$ {bE gm‘J«r H$m M¶Z H$aVo g‘¶
(1) H$å߶yQ>a (2) MmQ>© ........... H$m ........... Oê$a hmoZm Mm{hE&
(3) ao{S>¶mo (4) Q>obr{dOZ (1) {dÚm{W©¶m|; ~{hîH$aU
(2) Aݶ {ejH$m|; g‘mdoeZ
73. H$jm AܶmnZ ‘o§ Ñí¶ gmYZ Ho$ ê$n ‘o§ {H$gH$m gdm©{YH$ à¶moJ (3) {dÚm{W©¶m|; g‘mdoeZ
hmoVm h¡? (4) A{^^mdH$m|; g‘mdoeZ
(1) J«m’$ (2) MmQ>©
(3) ãb¡H$~moS>© (4) aoIm{MÌ 82. ‘r{‹S>¶m H$m EH$ CXmhaU, Omo A{YJ‘H$Vm© H$mo à˶j àñVwVrH$aU Ho$
Ûmam A{YJ‘ ‘| ghm¶H$ hmoVm h¡-
74. H$m¡Zgr {ejU ghm¶H$ gm‘J«r ~ÀMmo§ Ho$ {bE gdm©{YH$ AmH$f©U H$m (1) e¡{jH$ Q>obr{dOZ (2) e¡{jH$ àgmaU
Ho$ÝÐ hmoZr Mm{hE? (3) Amoda hoS> àmoOo³Q>a (4) Q>obr’$moZ
(1) ~wbo{Q>Z ~moS>© (2) MmQ>©
(3) ãb¡H$~moS>© (4) aoIm{MÌ 83. {dÚm{W©¶mo§ H$o gmW gåàofU H$m AW© hmoVm h¡-
(1) CZgo àíZ H$aZo H$mo H$hZm
75. {H$g {ejU ghm¶H$ gm‘J«r H$mo V¡¶ma H$aZo H$m Adga ~mbH$mo§ H$mo (2) {dMmam| H$m AmXmZ-àXmZ
^r {X¶m OmZm Mm{hE? (3) CÝh| {ZX}e XoZm
(1) J«m’$ (2) MmQ>© (4) CÝh| AnZo {dMmam| go AdJV H$amZm
(3) ~wbo{Q>Z ~moS>© (4) aoIm{MÌ
84. n‹T>Zo H$s dh VH$ZrH$, {OgH$m Cn¶moJ Vm{bH$m ‘| pñWV eãXmdbr
76. Ñí¶-lì¶ gm‘J«r H¡$gr Zht hmoZr Mm{hE? VWm àg§J ‘| {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡, H$hbmVr h¡-
(1) {ejU Ho$ CÔoí¶ H$s àm{á ‘| ghm¶H$ (1) H$s-arq‹S>J (2) ar-arq‹S>J
(2) gwÝXa VWm AmH$f©H$ (3) ñH¡$qZJ (4) pñH$q‘J
(3) ~mbH$ H$mo {dM{bV H$aZo dmbr
(4) ~mbH$m| H$r ê${M H$mo ~‹T>mZo dmbr 85. {ZåZ ‘| go lì¶-Ñí¶ gm‘J«r H$m CÔoí¶ h¢-
1 {ejU H$mo à^mdembr ~ZmZm
77. ~mbH$m| ‘| {ZarjU H$aZo H$s ¶mo½¶Vm Ho$ {dH$mg ‘| gdm©{YH$ ‘XX 2 N>mÌm| ‘| g¥OZmË‘H$Vm CËnÝZ H$aZm
H$aVm h¡- 3 N>mÌm| H$mo {H«$¶merb ~ZmZm
(1) ^«‘U 4 {df¶dñVw ‘| Aê${M CËnÝZ H$aZm
(2) MmQ>© Hy$Q>-
(3) Z‘yZm (1) 1, 2 Am¡a 3 (2) 1 Am¡a 4
(4) H$å߶yQ>a (3) 1, 3 Am¡a 4 (4) 2, 3 Am¡a 4

70. 71. 72. 73. 74. 75. 76. 77. 78. 79. 80. 81. 82. 83. 84. 85.
(2) (4) (1) (1) (1) (3) (3) (1) (4) (2) (1) (3) (1) (2) (3) (1)

~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
 àJʶ A{YJ‘ n¥îR> 77

86. dV©Zr, dmMZ Ed§ JUZm ‘| H${R>ZmB©, gm‘mݶ ~w{Õ Ed§ AÀN>r 94. {H$g ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ Zo grIZo H$s gm‘J«r ‘| Nonsense Syllabus
AZwHy$bZmË‘H$ ¶mo½¶Vm {deofVm h¡- H$s aMZm H$s?
(1) Yr‘r J{V go grIZo dmbm| H$s (1) Ooåg (2) dw§Q>
(2) gm‘mݶ/Am¡gV A{YJ‘H$Vm© H$s (3) pñH$Za (4) Eq~Jhmg
(3) ‘mZ{gH$ ê$n go {nN>‹S>o ~mbH$m| H$s
(4) A{YJ‘ {Z¶m}½¶ ~mbH$m| H$s 95. í¶m‘nÅ àVrH$ h¡-
(1) AܶmnH$ H$m (2) {ejU H$m
87. A{YJ‘ à{H«$¶m ‘| EH$ ‘hÎdnyU© MaU Ho$ ê$n ‘§o ~mbH$m| H$s Ìw{Q>¶m| H$m (3) H$jm H$m (4) ñHy$b H$m
nVm bJmZo Ho$ {bE {ejH$ H$mo A{YJ‘ H$mo à^m{dV H$aZo dmbo H$maH$m|
96. ñWmZmÝVaU H$mo à^m{dV H$aZo dmbm/dmbo H$maH$ h¡/h¢-
H$s OmZH$mar Amdí¶H$ h¡& {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgm/go A{YJ‘ H$mo
(1) gm‘mݶrH$aU
à^m{dV H$aZo dmbm EH$ H$maH$ h¡/h¢?
(2) g‘PXmar
(1) nwañH$ma Ed§ XÊS> (2) A{^àoaUm
(3) A{O©V kmZ H$m {d{^ÝZ n[apñW{V¶m| ‘| à¶moJ

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(3) C{MV dmVmdaU (4) ¶o g^r
(4) Cn¶w©³V g^r
88. A{YJ‘ à{H«$¶m {d{^ÝZ H$maH$m| go à^m{dV hmoVr h¡& {ZåZ{b{IV ‘|
97. A{YJ‘ H$s à¶ËZ Am¡a ^yb {d{Y ‘| g~go A{YH$ ‘hÎdnyU© H$maH$
go A{YJ‘ H$mo à^m{dV H$aZo dmbm ~mø H$maH$ h¡-
H$m¡Zgm h¡?
(1) emar[aH$ d¥{Õ Ed§ {dH$mg (2) A{^àoaUm
(1) bú¶ (2) {H«$¶m
(3) dmVmdaU (4) ê${M
(3) àoaUm (4) Aä¶mg
89. {H$gr H$jm H$j ‘§o grIZoo H$mo à^m{dV H$aZo dmbm ‘hÎdnyU© KQ>H$ h¡-
98. H$jm ‘| N>mÌ Ho$ ì¶dhma H$mo AZwem{gV H$aZo dmbm àmW{‘H$ H$maH$
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(1) H$jm H$j H$m Am{W©H$ dmVmdaU

(2) H$jm H$j H$m àemg{ZH$ dmVmdaU
hmoZm Mm{hE-
(1) N>mÌ àoaUmE± (2) N>mÌ {‘Ì‘ÊS>br
(3) H$jm H$j H$m ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ dmVmdaU
(3) {ejH$ à^wËd (4) nwañH$ma-XÊS> à{d{Y
(4) H$jm H$j H$m gm‘m{OH$ dmVmdaU
99. H$jm {ejU ‘| Ñí¶ gm‘J«r H$m à¶moJ H$aZo ‘o§ Amn {H$g ~mV H$m
90. {ZåZ ‘| go H$m¡Zgr ghm¶H$ gm‘J«r gyMZmAm| Ho$ {díbofU Ed§ VwbZm
ܶmZ aI|Jo?
‘| ghm¶H$ h¡?
(1) Cgo ZmQ>H$s¶ T>§J go àñVwV H$a|Jo&
(1) {MÌ (2) aoIm{MÌ
(2) dh nmR²>¶ {df¶ Ho$ AZwê$n hmo&
(3) J«m’$ (4) ‘mZ{MÌ
(3) dh ~ÀMm| H$mo AkmV go kmV H$s Amoa bo OmZo dmbr hmo&
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91. ghm¶H$ gm‘J«r H$m Cn¶moJ H$aVo g‘¶ Amn {H$go g~go A{YH$ (4) CgHo$ ~mao ‘| ~ÀMm| H$mo nhbo go ~Vm X|Jo&
‘hÎd X|Jo?
100. H$jm {ejU ‘| {d{dYVm Am¡a amoMH$Vm ~‹T>Vr h¡-
(1) {dÚmWu H$s ê${M H$mo (2) A{YJ‘ H$s gw{dYm H$mo
(1) AܶmnH$ Ho$ ì¶p³VËd go
(3) AmH$f©U H$mo (4) ‘yë¶ H$mo
(2) N>mÌm| Ho gh¶moJ go
92. {ejU ‘| ghm¶H$ gm‘J«r H$m Cn¶moJ {H$¶m OmVm h¡- (3) {ejU gm‘J«r Ho$ à¶moJ go
(1) {ejU H$mo à‘wI e¡br ~ZmZo Ho$ {bE (4) AZwemgZ Ho$ nmbZ go
(2) {ejU H$mo ‘Zmoa§OZ nyU© ~ZmZo Ho$ {bE
101. {ejm ‘§o Q>obr{dOZ H$m Cn¶moJr ñWmZ h¡, ³¶m|{H$-
(3) {ejU H$mo A{YH$ ñdm^m{dH$ d Cn¶moJr ~ZmZo Ho$ {bE
(1) AÀN>o {ejH$m| H$s H$‘r h¡&
(4) Cn¶w©³V g^r
(2) Q>obr{dOZ na nmR²>¶dñVw H$mo nyao {dñVma Ho$ gmW àñVwV {H$¶m Om
93. do H$m¡Zgo ~mø H$maH$ h¡, Omo EH$ ~ÀMo H$mo H$jm ‘| ê${M boZo go gH$Vm h¡&
amoH$Vo h¢? (3) Bggo H$jm ‘| AZwemgZhrZVm n¡Xm Zht hmoJr&
(1) ^mdZm Am¡a ‘Zmo^md (2) g§ñH¥${V Am¡a à{ejU (4) Q>obr{dOZ na Omo Hw$N> XoIm OmVm h¡, dh h‘oem Ho$ {bE ¶mX hmo OmVm
(3) ~ÀMo H$m ÑpîQ>H$moU (4) bú¶ Am¡a à¶moOZ h¡&

86. 87. 88. 89. 90. 91. 92. 93. 94. 95. 96. 97. 98. 99. 100. 101.
(2) (4) (3) (3) (3) (1) (4) (2) (4) (3) (3) (4) (1) (2) (3) (2)

~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
 n¥îR> 78 A{YJ‘ àJʶ
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
102. H$jm ‘| Ñí¶-lì¶ gm‘J«r H$m à¶moJ- 109. H$jm ‘| Q>r.dr. H$m à¶moJ H${R>Z h¡, ³¶m|{H$-
(1) Yr‘r J{V go grIZo dmbo N>mÌm| Ho$ {bE A{YH$ Cn¶moJr hmoVm h¡& (1) BgH$s J{V h‘mao {Z¶ÝÌU ‘| Zht hmoVr&
(2) ‘oYmdr N>mÌm| Ho$ {bE A{YH$ Cn¶moJr hmoVm h¡& (2) Q>r.dr H$m¶©H«$‘ H$mo {ejU Ho$ AZwgma g‘m¶mo{OV Zht {H$¶m Om gH$Vm,
(3) ~mbH$m| H$s {Okmgm ~‹T>mVm h¡& ~pëH$ BgH$m CëQ>m hr H$aZm n‹‹S>Vm h¡&
(4) N>mÌm| H$m ܶmZ ‘yb {df¶ go Xÿa hQ>mVm h¡& (3) Cnamo³V XmoZm|
(4) Cnamo³V H$moB© Zht
103. {Og {ZX}eZ gm‘J«r H$m H$jm {ejU Ho$ Xm¡amZ BñVo‘mb {H$¶m OmZm
hmo, Cgo/CgH$m- 110. A, ~, g VrZ {ejmWu h¢, Omo A§J«oOr n‹T>Vo h¢& A H$mo ¶h {df¶ amoMH$
(1) H$jm ‘| hr V¡¶ma H$aZm Mm{hE& bJVm h¡ Am¡a dh gmoMVm h¡ {H$ ¶h CgHo$ ^{dî¶ ‘| ghm¶H$ hmoJm& ~
(2) CëboI nmR> ¶moOZm ‘| H$a boZm Mm{hE& A§J«oOr Bg{bE n‹T>Vr h¡, ³¶m|{H$ dh H$jm ‘| nhbm ñWmZ àmßV H$aZm
(3) V^r [XImZm Mm{hE, O~ ~ÀMm| ‘| CËgwH$Vm ~‹T> OmE& MmhVr h¡& g A§J«oOr {df¶ Bg{bE n‹T>Vm h¡, ³¶m|{H$ CgH$m àmW{‘H$
(4) H$jm {ejU ewê$ H$aVo hr N>mÌm| H$mo {XIm XoZm Mm{hE& gamoH$ma CÎmrU© hmoZo dmbo J«oS²>g àmßV H$aZm h¡& A, ~ Am¡a g Ho$ CÔoí¶
104. nmR²>¶ ghm¶H$ gm‘J«r H$m à¶moJ- H«$‘e… ............ h¢&
(1) V^r H$aZm Mm{hE, O~ Oê$ar hmo& (1) {ZnwUVm, {ZînmXZ, {ZînmXZ-Cnojm
(2) nmR> H$m {dH$mg H$aZo Ho$ {bE {H$¶m OmE& (2) {ZînmXZ, {ZînmXZ-Cnojm, {ZnwUVm
(3) Eogo H$aZm Mm{hE {H$ N>mÌm| na CgH$m Ano{jV à^md n‹S>o& (3) {ZînmXZ-Cnojm, {ZnwUVm, {ZînmXZ
(4) Cn¶w©³V g^r (4) {ZnwUVm, {ZînmXZ-Cnojm, {ZînmXZ

105. {H$g {ejU gm‘J«r H$mo Amn CÎm‘ gm‘J«r ‘mZVo h¢? 111. Hw$N> {df¶m| H$m {ejU Q>obr{dOZ Ho$ ‘mܶ‘ go ~hþV ~{‹T>¶m hmo gH$Vm
(1) Omo XoIZo ‘| gwÝXa d a§J-{~a§Jr hmo& h¡, ³¶m|{H$-
(2) Omo nmR²>¶ {df¶ go gå~pÝYV hmo& (1) BZ {df¶m| ‘| AܶmnH$mo§ H$s H$‘r h¡&
(3) Omo AmgmZr go {‘b OmE& (2) Q>obr{dOZ {ejU Ho$ ‘mܶ‘ go AZwemgZ ~{‹T>¶m ahVm h¡&
(4) {Ogo nhbr ~ma à¶moJ ‘| bm¶m OmE& (3) Q>obr{dOZ Ûmam Omo Ñí¶, AZw^d Ho$ à¶moJ {XImE Om gH$Vo h¢, CZH$m
à~ÝY ñHy$b ‘| H$a nmZm gå^d Zht hmoVm&
106. {ejU ‘| ghm¶H$ gm‘J«r H$m à¶moJ {H$¶m OmVm h¡- (4) {ejH$ ^r Bggo ZB©-ZB© ~mV| OmZ gH$Vo h¢&
(1) nmR> H$mo AmgmZ Am¡a ê${MH$a ~ZmZo Ho$ {bE
(2) H$jm ‘o§ N>mÌm| H$s ^mJrXmar H$mo ~‹T>mZo Ho$ {bE *******
(3) A‘yV© H$mo ‘yV© kmZ ‘| n[ad{V©V H$aZo Ho$ {bE àJʶ àH$meZ Ûmam CTET Ed§ à˶oH$ amÁ¶ Ho$ TET (UPTET, MP
(4) Cnamo³V g^r Samvida, BTET, UTET, JTET, HTET, CGTET, HPTET) Ho$
{bE ‘m°S>b nona H$s ’«$s PDF àH$m{eV H$s OmVr h¡& ‘m°S>b nona H$s ’«$s PDF
107. l¥ì¶ Ñí¶ Ho$ à¶moJ ‘| {ZåZ ‘| go {H$g {ejU gyÌ H$m AZwnmbZ
àmá H$aZo Ho$ {bE {ZåZ{b{IV Whatsapp No. AnZo H$m°boO Ho$ ³bmg J«wn
{H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡?
(1) ‘yV© go A‘yV©
¶m H$moqMJ Ho$ ³bmg Jw«n ¶m Aݶ ñQ>S>r Jw«n ‘| Om|S>o& AmnHo$ J«wn ‘| ‘m°S>b nona
(2) AmgmZ go H${R>Z ^ooO {XE OmE±J|&
UPTET - 95301 43210
(3) kmV go AkmV
MP Samvida - 95302 43210
(4) Cnamo³V g^r
BTET - 95302 43210
UTET - 72209 29294
108. ghm¶H$ gm‘J«r Ho$ ê$n ‘| OHP H$m à¶moJ H$aZo H$m bm^ ¶h h¡ {H$-
JTET - 72209 29239
(1) ¶h gñVm d hëH$m hmoVm h¡& HTET - 72209 29266
(2) BgHo$ Ûmam ~Zm¶m J¶m à{V{~å~ ~hþV ñnîQ> hmoVm h¡& CGTET - 72209 28969
(3) í¶m‘nÅ> H$m hr ñH«$sZ Ho$ ê$n ‘| à¶moJ {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡& HPTET - 72209 28535
(4) Cnamo³V g^r

102. 103. 104. 105. 106. 107. 108. 109. 110. 111. 112.
(1) (2) (4) (2) (4) (4) (4) (3) (1) (3) (4)

~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
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Aܶm¶ 6
A{YJ‘ Ho$ {gÕmÝV
6.1 àñVmdZm
A{YJ‘ H$m gå~ÝY ñ‘¥{V go ahm h¡& ñ‘¥{V Ho$ A^md ‘| A{YJ‘ ì¶W© h¡&
A{YJ‘ Ho$ joÌ ‘| AZoH$ {gÕmÝV àM{bV h¢& g^r A{YJ‘ {gÕmÝV BZ V϶m|
na AmYm[aV h¢-
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1. A{YJ‘ H$s gr‘mE± ³¶m h¢?
2. Aä¶mg H$s A{YJ‘ H$s à{H«$¶m ‘| ³¶m ^y{‘H$m h¡?
3. XÊS>, nwañH$ma, àmoËgmhZ Am{X H$m grIZo H$s à{H«$¶m ‘| ³¶m
‘hÎd h¡?
4. grIZo H$s {H«$¶m ‘| Ad~moY VWm AÝVX©¥pîQ> H$m ³¶m ‘hÎd h¡?
5. ³¶m EH$ grIr JB© {H«$¶m {H$gr Aݶ {H«$¶m H$mo grIZo ‘| gh¶moJ
XoVr h¡?
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6. O~ h‘ ¶mX H$aVo h¢ ¶m ^ybVo h¢, V~ ³¶m hmoVm h¡?
¶o g^r àíZ A{YJ‘ H$s gånyU© {H«$¶m go Ow‹S>o h¢& grIZo H$s gr‘m
ì¶p³V H$s A{YJ‘ H$s j‘Vm h¡& d¡¶p³VH$ {^ÝZVm Ho$ H$maU hr ì¶p³V
{^ÝZ-{^ÝZ ê$n go grIVm h¡& A{YJ‘ H$s {H«$¶m H$s nwpîQ> Aä¶mg go hmoVr
h¡& Aä¶mg H$mo ~Zm¶o aIZo ‘| A{^àoaUm Ho$ {d{^ÝZ njm| H$s ^y{‘H$m ‘hÎdnyU©
h¡& A~moY VWm AÝVÑ©pîQ> A{YJ‘ Ho$ ApñVËd H$mo ñWm{nV H$aVr h¡ Am¡a EH$
grIr J¶r {H«$¶m Xÿgar {H«$¶m H$s nwpîQ> H$aVr h¡ VWm Aݶ ZdrZ {H«$¶m H$mo
grIZo H$m ‘mJ© àeñV H$aVr h¡& Bgr àH$ma O~ h‘ {H$gr V϶ H$mo ¶mX H$aVo
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h¢, Vmo gÝVmof {‘bVm h¡ Am¡a ^ybVo h¢, Vmo Xþ…I hmoVm h¡&
A{YJ‘ Mmho OmZo-AZOmZo X¡{ZH$ OrdZ ‘| hþAm hmo, Mmho ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$
H$s à¶moJembm ‘|, CgHo$ ‘yb ‘| g‘mZ {gÕmÝV VWm {Z¶‘ H$m¶© H$aVo h¢&
‘Zmo{dkmZ ‘| à¶moJmË‘H$ narjUm| Zo grIZo Ho$ {gÕmÝVm| H$s ì¶m»¶m H$aZo ‘|
‘hÎdnyU© ¶moJ {X¶m h¡& EH$ {gÕmÝV H$mo g‘PZo Ho$ {bE Xÿgao {gÕmÝV H$mo
g‘PZm Amdí¶H$ hmo OmVm h¡& à¶moJ Ed§ narjU Ho$ ‘ܶ CR>mB© JB© g‘ñ¶mE±
{ZîH$f© {ZH$mbVo hr Jm¡U hmo OmVr h¡&
6.2 A{YJ‘ Ho$ {gÕmÝV … AW©
grIZo Ho$ {gÕmÝV go VmËn¶© Cg g¡ÕmpÝVH$ JdofUm go hmoVm h¡, Omo grIZo
H$m ñdê$n ³¶m h¡, àmUr ³¶m grIVm h¡, ³¶m| grIVm h¡ Am{X àíZm| Ho$
CÎmam| H$s d¡km{ZH$ ì¶m»¶m àñVwV H$aVm h¡& haJoZhmZ Ho$ AZwgma grIZo Ho$
{gÕmÝVm| ‘| ‘w»¶V… grIZo H$s à{H«$¶m H$s g¡ÕmpÝVH$ ì¶m»¶m H$s OmVr h¡
Am¡a ¶o {gÕmÝV {ZåZ{b{IV VrZ àíZm| Ho$ CÎma H$s ì¶m»¶m àñVwV H$aVo h¢-
1. àmUr ³¶m| grIVm h¡?
2. àmUr H¡$go grIVm h¡?
3. àmUr ³¶m grIVm h¡?
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
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BZ àíZm| Ho$ CÎmam| H$s ImoO ‘| H$B© ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ Ed§ {dÛmZ OwQ>o Am¡a
CÝhm|Zo AnZo-AnZo à¶moJm| Ed§ AZw^y{V¶m| Ho$ AmYma na AnZo-AnZo grIZo
Ho$ {gÕmÝVm| H$m à{VnmXZ {H$¶m&
6.3 A{YJ‘ Ho$ {gÕmÝVm| Ho$ àH$ma
grIZo Ho$ {d{^ÝZ {gÕmÝVm| H$mo CZH$s àH¥${V Ho$ AZwgma Xmo dJm] ‘§o {d^³V
{H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡-
1. CÔrnZ-AZw{H«$¶m {gÕmÝV AWdm ì¶dhmadmXr {gÕmÝV
2. CÔrnZ-CÔrnZ {gÕmÝV AWdm g§kmZmË‘H$ {gÕmÝV
6.4 CÔrnZ-AZw{H«$¶m {gÕmÝV AWdm
ì¶dhmadmXr {gÕmÝV
BZ {gÕmÝVm| Ho$ AZwgma O~ ^r ì¶p³V AWdm àmUr Ho$ gm‘Zo H$moB© g‘ñ¶m
AmVr h¡ (Bgo CÔrnZ H$hVo h¢), Vmo dh CgHo$ g‘mYmZ Ho$ {bE {^ÝZ-{^ÝZ
AZw{H«$¶mE± H$aVm h¡& BZ AZw{H«$¶mAm| ‘| EH$ Eogr AZw{H«$¶m ^r hmoVr h¡, Omo
Cg g‘ñ¶m H$m g‘mYmZ àñVwV H$aVr h¡& ì¶p³V AZoH$ à¶mgm| AWdm
AZw{H«$¶mAm| H$mo H$aVo-H$aVo Cg AZw{H«$¶m H$mo H$aVm h¡& AmJo O~ ^r CgHo$
gm‘Zo d¡gr hr g‘ñ¶m AmVr h¡, Vmo nwZ… dh {^ÝZ-{^ÝZ AZw{H«$¶mE± H$aVm
h¡, bo{H$Z erK« hr dh Cg AZw{H«$¶m H$mo H$aZo ‘| gj‘ hmoVm h¡, {Oggo Cg
g‘ñ¶m H$m g‘mYmZ hmoVm h¡& Yrao-Yrao AmJo dmbo à¶mgm| ‘| ì¶p³V Cg
g‘ñ¶m Ho$ à{V ghr-ghr AZw{H«$¶m H$aZo bJVm h¡ Am¡a EH$ g‘¶ Eogm AmVm
h¡ O~ CgHo$ gm‘Zo dhr g‘ñ¶m AmVr h¡, Vmo VwaÝV dh dhr AZw{H«$¶m H$aVm
h¡ {Oggo Cg g‘ñ¶m H$m g‘mYmZ hmoVm h¡& Bg àH$ma g‘ñ¶m AWdm CÔrnZ
{deof Ho$ gmW g‘mYmZ AZw{H«$¶m H$m gå~ÝY ñWm{nV hmo OmVm h¡ Am¡a Bgo hr
grIZm H$hVo h¢& O¡go-O¡go ¶h {H«$¶m ~ma-~ma XmohamB© OmVr h¡, CÔrnZ Am¡a
AZw{H«$¶m ‘| gå~ÝY Ñ‹T>Va hmoVm OmVm h¡ Am¡a grIZm ^r ñWm¶r hmoVm OmVm
h¡& Bg dJ© ‘| AmZo dmbo {gÕmÝVm| Ho$ g^r à{VnmXH$ ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ CÔrnZ-
AZw{H«$¶m Ho$ ‘ܶ gå~ÝY H$mo grIZo H$s g§km XoVo h¢, bo{H$Z ¶h gå~ÝY H¡$go
~ZVm h¡ Bg na CZ‘| ‘V^oX h¡& Hw$N> ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| H$m {dMma h¡ {H$ CÔrnZ-
AZw{H«$¶m ‘| gå~ÝY CgHo$ ~mX {XE OmZo dmbo nwZ~©bZ na {Z^©a H$aVm h¡,
³¶m|{H$ Bg nwZ~©bZ Ho$ H$maU grIZo dmbo ì¶p³V H$mo gÝVwpîQ> hmoVr h¡ Am¡a
dh Cg AZw{H«$¶m H$mo CÔrnZ Ho$ gmW gå~pÝYV H$a XoVm h¡& BZ {gÕmÝVm|
H$mo CÔrnZ-AZw{H«$¶m nwZ~©bZ {gÕmÝV H$hVo h¢& BZ {gÕmÝVm| H$mo à^mdH$
{gÕmÝV ^r H$hVo h¢& Bg loUr ‘| Wm°Z©S>mBH$, ñH$sZa, nmdbm°d, hb Am¡a
{‘ba Ûmam à{Vnm{XV grIZo Ho$ {gÕmÝVm| H$mo aIm OmVm h¡& ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| H$m
 n¥îR> 80 A{YJ‘ Ho$ {gÕmÝV àJʶ
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
{dMma h¡ {H$ CÔrnZ VWm AZw{H«$¶m gmW-gmW hmoVo h¢ Am¡a ~ma-~ma hmoVo h¢, gå~ÝY ñWm{nV H$aVm h¡&
Vmo AnZo Amn hr BZHo$ ‘ܶ gå~ÝY ñWm{nV hmo OmVm h¡ Am¡a Bgo hr grIZm Bg àH$ma h‘ nmVo h¢ {H$ CÔrnZ Am¡a AZw{H«$¶m ‘| AZw~ÝYZ H$m
H$hVo h¢& BZ {gÕmÝVm| H$mo CÔrnZ-AZw{H«$¶m-AnwZ~©bZ {gÕmÝV ^r H$hm {Z‘m©U hr Wm°Z©S>mBH$ Ho$ {gÕmÝV H$m g~go ‘hÎdnyU© V϶ h¡& ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$
OmVm h¡& Bg loUr ‘o§ JwWar Ed§ EoñQ²>g Ho$ {gÕmÝV à‘wI h¢& à‘wI CÔrnZ- Wm°Z©S>mBH$ Zo AnZo {gÕmÝV H$mo à{Vnm{XV H$aZo Hoo$ {bE ‘w{J©¶m|, {~{ëb¶m|,
AZw{H$¶m {gÕmÝV AWdm ì¶dhmadmXr {gÕmÝV {ZåZ{b{IV h¢- ‘N>{b¶m|, Hw$Îmm|, ~ÝXam| VWm ‘mZd na AZoH$ à¶moJ {H$E, naÝVw {~pëb¶m|
1. CÔrnZ-AZw{H«$¶m AZw~ÝY {gÕmÝV na {H$E JE à¶moJm| Ho$ AmYma na Wm°Z©S>mBH$ Zo à¶mg Ed§ Ìw{Q> H$m {gÕmÝV
2. {H«$¶m-àgyV AZw~ÝYZ {gÕmÝV à{Vnm{XV {H$¶m&
3. nwZ~©bZ H$m {gÕmÝV M±y{H$ à¶mg Ed§ Ìw{Q> Ho$ Ûmam CÔrnZ (S) VWm AZw{H«$¶m (R) ‘|
4. gå~Õ à{V{H«$¶m {gÕmÝV ¶m AZwHy${bV AZw{H«$¶m {gÕmÝV AZw~ÝY ñWm{nV {H$¶m OmVm h¡, Bg{bE ‘m¡{bH$ ê$n go Wm°Z©S>mBH$ Ho$
5. ES>{dZ Ama. JwWar H$m gm{ÝZܶ A{YJ‘ {gÕmÝV H$mo CÔrnZ-AZw{H«$¶m AZw~ÝY (S-R Bond) {gÕmÝV
H$hH$a gå~mo{YV {H$¶m OmVm h¡&
6.5 CÔrnZ-AZw{H«$¶m AZw~ÝY {gÕmÝV 6.5.1 Wm°Z©S>mBH$ Ho$ à¶moJ
CÔrnZ-AZw{H«$¶m AZw~ÝY {gÕmÝV Ho$ à{VnmXH$ A‘o[aH$m Ho$ à{gÕ Wm°Z©S>mBH$ ‘hmoX¶ Zo Bg {gÕmÝV H$s nwpîQ> Ho$ {bE newAm| na AZoH$ à¶moJ
‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ ES>dS>© Eb. Wm°Z©S>mBH$ h¡, {OÝhm|Zo gZ² 1998 ‘| AnZr à{gÕ {H$E, {H$ÝVw CZH$s à{gÕ nwñVH$ Animal Intelligence ‘| d{U©V {~ëbr
nwñVH$ Animal Intelligence ‘| AnZo A{YJ‘ {gÕmÝV H$m CëboI {H$¶m na {H$¶m à¶moJ A{YH$ ‘hÎdnyU© h¡&
h¡, O~{H$ gZ² 1913 ‘| àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Education Psychology ‘|
1. CbPZ ~m°³g à¶moJ
Wm°Z©S>mBH$ Ho$ A{YJ‘ {gÕmÝV H$m CëboI A{YH$ ñnîQ> ê$n go {‘bVm h¡&
Wm°Z©S>mBH$ ‘hmoX¶ Zo EH$ ^yIr {~ëbr H$mo EH$ ‘ÝOyfm ‘| ~ÝX H$a {X¶m& Bg
Wm°Z©S>mBH$ ‘hmoX¶ Zo gå~ÝYdmX ê$nr {dMmaYmam H$m à{VnmXZ {H$¶m& BZHo$
‘ÝOyfm go ~mha {ZH$bZo H$m EH$ hr amñVm Wm& XadmOo Ho$ gmW EH$ brda
AZwgma gå~ÝYdmX H$m VmËn¶© h¡ {H$ CÔrnZ Ho$ gmW AZw{H«$¶m H$m gå~ÝY
bJm hþAm Wm, {OgH$mo X~mZo go hr XadmOm Iwb OmVm Wm& ‘ÝOyfm Ho$ ~mha
ñWm{nV hmoVm h¡& AV… Bgo CÔrnZ-AZw{H«$¶m {gÕmÝV Ho$ Zm‘ go gå~mo{YV
EH$ VíVar ‘| EH$ ‘N>br H$m Qw>H$‹S>m aI {X¶m J¶m Wm& {~ëbr Zo Cg ‘ÝOyfm
{H$¶m OmVm h¡& Bg {gÕmÝV H$mo A{YJ‘ H$m gå~ÝY {gÕmÝV, g§¶moOZdmX
H$m XadmOm ImobZo H$m AZoH$ ~ma à¶ËZ {H$¶m& H$^r CN>bVr, H$^r ‘ÝOyfm
{gÕmÝV, à¶mg Ed§ Ìw{Q> H$m {gÕmÝV Am{X Zm‘m| go ^r nwH$mam OmVm h¡&
Ho$ grH$Mm| go ~mha XoIVr, H$^r ‘ÝOyfm Ho$ Aݶ ^mJm| H$mo {hbmVr& Bg àH$ma
CÔrnZ-AZw{H«$¶m AZw~ÝY {gÕmÝV Ho$ AZw¶m{¶¶m| ‘| dwS>dW©, nmdbm°d,
dh AZoH$ ~ma à¶ËZ H$aVr Am¡a AZoH$ ^yb H$aVr& AÝVV… AH$ñ‘mV² CgH$m
dmQ>gZ JwWar VWm hb Ho$ Zm‘ ‘hÎdnyU© h¢& BZ ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| H$m ‘mZZm h¡
n§Om brda na n‹S> J¶m Am¡a XadmOm Iwb J¶m& {~ëbr ~mha {ZH$b AmB© Am¡a
{H$ à˶oH$ {H«$¶m Ho$ nrN>o EH$ CÔrnZ hmoVm h¡, {OgH$m à^md ì¶p³V na n‹S>Vm
‘N>br Im JB©, {Oggo Cgo gÝVmof H$s àm{á hþB©& O~ ^yIr {~ëbr H$mo Xmo~mam
h¡ Am¡a Cgr Ho$ AZwê$n AZw{H«$¶m (R) hmoVr h¡& CÔrnZ àmUr na à^md S>mbVm
‘ÝOyfm ‘| ~ÝX {H$¶m J¶m, Vmo dh nhbo go H$‘ g‘¶ go ‘ÝOyfm go ~mha AmH$a
h¡, {OgHo$ n[aUm‘ ñdê$n ¶h AZw{H«$¶m (R) H$aVm h¡& Bg àH$ma EH$ {d{eîQ>
‘N>br Im boVr h¡& ¶h à¶moJ {~ëbr na H$B© ~ma Xmoham¶m J¶m& ha ~ma {~ëbr
CÔrnZ EH$ AZw{H«$¶m go gå~pÝYV hmo OmVm h¡ AWm©V² CÔrnZ AZw{H«$¶m Ho$
Zo ~mha {ZH$bZo ‘| erK«Vm {XImB© Am¡a AÝVV… EH$ g‘¶ Eogm Am J¶m {H$
‘ܶ ‘| AZw~ÝY hmo OmVm h¡& AV… Bg A{YJ‘ {gÕmÝV H$mo S-R Bond
{~ëbr {~Zm ^yb {H$¶o hr gÝXÿH$ go ~mha {ZH$b Am¶r&
Theory ^r H$hH$a gå~mo{YV {H$¶m OmVm h¡&
Wm°Z©S>mBH$ Zo A{YJ‘ H$mo n[a^m{fV H$aVo hþE H$hm {H$ A{YJ‘ ñZm¶w
‘ÊS>b ‘| n[apñW{V¶m| Am¡a AZw{H«$¶m Ho$ ‘ܶ g§¶moJ gå~ÝYm| Ho$ ~ZZo VWm
g~{bV hmoZo H$s ~mV h¡&
CÔrnZ-AZw{H«$¶m AZw~ÝY {gÕmÝV H$mo gå~ÝYdmX ^r H$hm OmVm
h¡& Bg gå~ÝYdmX H$s n[a^mfm ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ aoZ Zo Bg àH$ma Xr h¡ {H$
gå~ÝYdmX dh {gÕmÝV h¡, Omo g‘ñV ‘mZ{gH$ à{H«$¶mAm| H$s n[apñW{V¶m|
VWm AZw{H«$¶mAm| Ho$ ~rM Ed§ A{O©V gå~ÝY H$m H$m¶© ‘mZVm h¡&
Wm°Z©S>mBH$ H$m S-R Bond Theory {gÕmÝV {ZåZ KQ>H$m| na
AmYm[aV h¡-
1. CÔrnZ H$m CnpñWV hmoZm&
2. AZw{H«$¶m H$m hmoZm&
3. CÔrnZ (S)-AZw{H«$¶m (R)-AZw~ÝY, Omo CÔrnZ Ed§ AZw{H«$¶m ‘|

~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
 àJʶ A{YJ‘ Ho$ {gÕmÝV
2. ^yb-^wb¡¶m à¶moJ
Wm°Z©S>mBH$ Zo Xÿgam à¶moJ Myhm| na {H$¶m& ^yIo Myho H$mo ^yb-^wb¡¶m Ho$ àdoe
Ûma go AÝXa H$a {X¶m OmVm Wm Am¡a H$ht na ^yb-^wb¡¶m Ho$ ~rM nZra aI
{X¶m OmVm Wm& nhbr ~ma Myhm H$m’$s g‘¶ VH$ AÝYnWm| ‘| ^Q>H$Vm ahm
Am¡a AÝV ‘| g§¶moJ de EH$ ghr amñVm {‘b J¶m, Omo Cgo {Z{X©îQ> ñWmZ VH$
nhþ±Mm gH$m& Bg na H$B© ~ma H$s JB© {H«$¶mAm| Ho$ ’$bñdê$n ~mX dmbr {H«$¶mAm|
‘| H«$‘e… g‘¶ ‘| H$‘r AmB©& Myhm Yrao-Yrao AÝYnWm| ‘| ^Q>H$ H$a AÝV ‘|
ghr amñVm AnZmZm grI J¶m Am¡a Cgo ^yb-^wb¡¶m Ho$ Ûma na N>mo‹S>Zo na
dh ghr amñVm AnZmH$a VwaÝV {Z{X©îQ> ñWmZ na nhþ±M H$a nZra Im J¶m&
Wm°Z©S>mBH$ Zo AnZo Bg à¶moJ go {ZåZ{b{IV {ZîH$f© {ZH$mbo-
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1. grIZo Ho$ {bE g~go nhbr Amdí¶H$Vm CÔoí¶ hmoVm h¡, O¡go D$na
Ho$ à¶moJ ‘| ^moOZ àmßV H$aZm&
2. CÔoí¶ Ho$ nrN>o H$moB© àoaH$ AWdm A[^àoaH$ hmoVm h¡, O¡go D$na Ho$
à¶moJ ‘| ^yI&
3. CÔoí¶ H$s àm{á Ho$ {bE H$moB© CÔrnZ hmoZm Amdí¶H$ hmoVm h¡, O¡go
D$na Ho$ à¶moJ ‘| ‘N>br (^moOZ)&
4. CÔoí¶ H$s àm{á Ho$ {bE AZw{H«$¶m Amdí¶H$ hmoVr h¡, O¡go D$na
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Ho$ à¶moJ ‘| {~ëbr H$m {nÝOao go ~mha AmZo Ho$ {bE à¶ËZ H$aZm&
5. Omo AZw{H«$¶mE± CÔoí¶ àm{á ‘| ghm¶H$ hmoVr h¡, CÝh| grIZo dmbm
AnZmVm MbVm h¡ Am¡a Omo {H«$¶mE± {ZaW©H$ hmoVr h¢, CÝh| N>mo‹S>Vm
MbVm h¡, O¡go D$na Ho$ à¶moJ ‘| {~ëbr Zo {H$¶m&
6. CÔoí¶ H$s àm{á na grIZo dmbo Ho$ VpÝÌH$m VÝÌ ‘| CÔrnZ
Am¡a CÔoí¶ H$s àm{á ‘§o ghm¶H$ AZw{H«$¶m ‘| e{³Vembr gå~ÝY
ñWm{nV hmo OmVm h¡, ^{dî¶ ‘| O~ H$^r ^r grIZo dmbo Ho$ gm‘Zo
dhr CÔrnZ CnpñWV hmoVm h¡, Vmo dh CgHo$ à{V dhr AZw{H«$¶m
H$aVm h¡& Wm°Z©S>mBH$ H$s ÑpîQ> go ‘Zwî¶ Ho$ ‘pñVîH$ go CÔrnZ-
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AZw{H«$¶m ‘| ¶h ep³Vembr AZw~ÝY ñWm{nV hmoZm hr grIZm h¡&
Wm°Z©S>mBH$ Zo BÝht V϶m| H$mo grIZo Ho$ CÔrnZ-AZw{H«$¶m {gÕmÝV
Ho$ ê$n ‘| à{Vnm{XV {H$¶m& Bg {gÕmÝV Ho$ AZwgma grIZo Ho$ {bE nhbr
Amdí¶H$Vm hmoVr h¡- CÔrnZ, Xÿgar AmdíH$¶Vm hmoVr h¡- AZw{H«$¶m Am¡a
Vrgar Amdí¶H$Vm hmoVr h¡- CÔrnZ-AZw{H«$¶m ‘| JhZ gå~ÝY& h‘ OmZVo
h¢ {H$ O~ {H$gr CÔrnZ Ho$ à{V ghr AZw{H«$¶m hmoVr h¡, Vmo Cggo grIZo
dmbo H$mo gÝVwpîQ> hmoVr h¡ Am¡a dh Cg AZw{H«$¶m H$m M¶Z H$a boVm h¡& ¶h
dh pñW{V hmoVr h¡, O~ CÔrnZ AZw{H«$¶m ‘§o e{³Vembr AZw~ÝY hmo OmVm h¡&
6.5.2 Wm°Z©S>mBH$ Ho$ {gÕmÝV Ho$ JwU Ed§ {deofVmE±
1. ¶h {gÕmÝV, CÔrnZ Am¡a AZw{H«$¶m Ho$ gå~ÝY H$mo grIZo H$m
AmYma^yV ñVå^ ‘mZVm h¡&
2. ¶h {gÕmÝV, {ejU H$m¶© ‘| àoaUm H$mo A{YH$ ‘hÎd XoVm h¡&
3. ¶h {gÕmÝV, Bg ~mV na ~b XoVm h¡ {H$ grIZm EH$ Agå~Õ
à{H«$¶m Zht h¡, ~pëH$ à˶j, J˶mË‘H$, kmZmË‘H$ VWm ^mdmË‘H$
A§Jm| H$m EH$ n§wO h¡&
4. Bg {gÕmÝV Ho$ AZwgma, Omo ì¶{³V CÔrnZm| Am¡a AZw{H«$¶mAm| ‘§o
{OVZm A{YH$ gå~ÝY ñWm{nV H$a boVm h¡, CVZm hr A{YH$ dh
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
n¥îR> 81
~w{Õ‘mZ hmo OmVm h¡&
5. Bg {gÕmÝV Ho$ AmYma na Wm°Z©S>mBH$ Zo grIZo Ho$ VrZ ‘w»¶
{Z¶‘m| H$mo à{Vnm{XV {H$¶m h¡& VËnaVm H$m {Z¶‘, Aä¶mg H$m
{Z¶‘, à^md ¶m n[aUm‘ H$m {Z¶‘&
6.5.3 Wm°Z©S>mBH$ Ho$ {gÕmÝV H$s H${‘¶m±
Wm°Z©S>mBH$ Ho$ {gÕmÝV H$s AZoH$ Cn¶mo{JVmE± hmoVo hþE ^r BgH$s Hw$N> H${‘¶m±
h¢& ¶o {ZåZmZwgma h¢-
1. N>mÌ Ho$db à¶ËZ Ed§ ^yb Ûmam hr Zht grIVm h¡, ~pëH$ gyP Ed§
Aݶ ‘mZ{gH$ j‘VmAm| Ho$ Cn¶moJ Ûmam ^r grIVm h¡&
2. Bg {gÕmÝV Ho$ AZwgma grIZo Ho$ {bE CÔrnZ H$s Amdí¶H$Vm
hmoVr h¡, bo{H$Z N>mÌ {~Zm ~mø CÔrnZm| Ho$ ^r AZw{H«$¶m H$a
grIVm h¡&
3. Bg {gÕmÝV H$m à{VnmXZ newAm| na à¶moJ H$aHo$ {H$¶m J¶m h¡&
AV… ¶h {gÕmÝV ‘Zwî¶m| Ho$ grIZo H$s à{H«$¶m na nyU© ê$n go
bmJy Zht hmoVm h¡&
4. ¶h {gÕmÝV grIZo H$mo EH$ ¶mpÝÌH$ à{H«$¶m ‘mZVm h¡, O~{H$
‘Zwî¶ Ho$ grIZo H$s à{H«$¶m ‘| ~w{Õ, VH©$, {MÝVZ Am¡a {ddoH$ Am{X
H$s ‘hÎdnyU© ^y{‘H$m hmoVr h¡&
5. à¶ËZ Ed§ ^yb Ûmam grIZo ‘o| g‘¶ A{YH$ bJVm h¡&
6. ¶h {gÕmÝV A{YJ‘ Ho$ H$maUm| na àH$me Zht S>mbVm h¡&
7. Bg {gÕmÝV ‘| {Z{hV Aä¶mg Ho$ {Z¶‘ H$m àm¶… Xþén¶moJ hmoVm h¡&
8. Hw$N> ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| H$m ‘mZZm h¡ {H$ {H$gr H$m¶© H$mo grIZo hoVw
{ZaW©H$ à¶mg H$s Anojm {H$gr EH$ {d{eîQ> {d{Y go grIm OmZm
A{YH$ AÀN>m h¡&
6.5.4 Wm°Z©S>mBH$ Ho$ {gÕmÝV H$s e¡{jH$ CnmXo¶Vm
Wm°Z©S>mBH$ Ûmam à{Vnm{XV à¶ËZ Ed§ ^yb Ho$ {gÕmÝV H$s e¡{jH$ CnmXo¶Vm
‘hÎdnyU© h¡& gm‘mݶ OrdZ ‘| Am¡a AZoH$ AZwgÝYmZm| ‘| Bg {gÕmÝV H$m
à¶moJ hmoVm ahVm h¡& J{UV Ho$ {ejU ‘| à¶ËZ Ed§ ^yb Ûmam hr àmapå^H$
AdñWm ‘| ~mbH$m| H$mo J{UV {gImB© OmVr h¡& nyd© àmW{‘H$ H$jmAm| ‘| ^r Bg
{d{Y Ûmam ~mbH$m| H$moo n‹T>m¶m d {gIm¶m OmVm h¡ Am¡a {gIm¶m OmZm Mm{hE&
CXmhaUmW© ewÕ Ed§ ñnîQ> {bIZo Ho$ {bE ~ma-~ma Aä¶mg H$amZm Amdí¶H$
h¡& Wm°Z©S>mBH$ Zo AnZr nwñVH$ EOwHo$eZ E ’$ñQ>© ~wH$ ‘| AnZo {gÕmÝV H$s
e¡{jH$ CnmXo¶Vm Ho$ ~mao ‘| {dñVma go dU©Z {H$¶m h¡& BZ‘| go Hw$N> à‘wI
gwPmdm| H$m dU©Z àñVwV h¡-
1. H$jm Ho$ CÔoí¶ ñnîQ>V… n[a^m{fV hmoZo Mm{hE Am¡a do grIZo dmbo
H$s j‘VmAm| H$s nhþ±M Ho$ AÝXa hmoZo Mm{hE&
2. H$jm Ho$ CÔoí¶m| H$mo N>moQ>r-N>moQ>r BH$mB¶m| ‘| ~m±Q> XoZm Mm{hE, Vm{H$
{ejm{W©¶m| H$mo ghr AZw{H«$¶m H$aZo ‘| H$‘ à¶mg H$aZo n‹S>o&
3. Bg {gÕmÝV Ho$ AZwgma [ejmWu H$m ì¶dhma ~mø nwZ~©bH$m| go
A{YH$ à^m[dV hmoVm h¡& AV… {ejH$m| H$mo Mm{hE {H$ do ~mbH$m| H$mo
ghr AZw{H«$¶m H$aZo na àe§gm Ed§ nwañH$ma Xo Am¡a JbV AZw{H«$¶m
H$mo hVmoËgm{hV H$ao&
 n¥îR> 82 A{YJ‘ Ho$ {gÕmÝV
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
4. H$jm H$m e¡{jH$ dmVmdaU Eogm hmoZm Mm{hE {H$ {ejmWu AnZo grIo
hþE kmZ H$m OrdZ ‘| Cn¶moJ H$a gHo$& BgHo$ {bE ¶Wmgå^d grIo
JE H$m¡ebm| Ho$ Cn¶moJ H$m Aä¶mg H$amZm Mm{hE&
5. O{Q>b {df¶m| Ed§ àH$aUm| H$mo grIZo na A{YH$ ~b Zht XoZm
Mm{hE& {OÝh| ~ÀMo AÀN>r Vah go grI gHo$, CZH$m ~ma-~ma
Aä¶mg H$amZm Mm{hE&
6. {ejH$m| H$mo à˶oH$ N>mÌ na ܶmZ XoZm Mm{hE Am¡a CgH$s
AZw{H«$¶mAm| H$m AdbmoH$Z H$a ghr AZw{H«$¶m Ho$ M¶Z ‘| gh¶moJ
XoZm Mm{hE&
7. {ejH$ ñd¶§ H$mo ¶h nVm hmoZm Mm{hE {H$ Cgo ³¶m n‹T>mZm h¡ Am¡a
H¡$go n‹T>mZm h¡& Cgo n‹T>mE OmZo dmbo kmZ H$m ~mbH$m| Ho$ nyd© kmZ go
gå~ÝY ñWm{nV H$aZm Mm{hE Am¡a ^{dî¶ ‘| ~mbH$ BgH$m Cn¶moJ
H¡$go H$ao, ¶h ^r ~VmZm Mm{hE&
8. {ejH$m| H$mo CZ n[apñW{V¶m| H$m nVm bJmZm Mm{hE, {OZ‘| ~ÀMo
grI Zht nmVo&
9. {ejH$m| H$mo ¶h ^r {ZpíMV H$aZm Mm{hE {H$ CÝh| ~mbH$m| H$mo
H$m¡Z-gr AZw{H«$¶mE± {gImZr h¡ Am¡a H$m¡Z-gr AZw{H«$¶mE± Zht
{gImZr h¡&
10. ¶{X {ejH$ g‘PVo h¢ {H$ {H$gr {H«$¶m H$mo grIZo Ho$ {bE EH$ hr
AZw{H«$¶m n¶m©á h¡, Vmo ~ÀMm| H$mo AZmdí¶H$ {H«$¶mE± H$aZo Ho$ {bE
‘Zm H$aZm Mm{hE&
11. {ejH$ ~mbH$m| H$mo AZw{H«$¶mE± H$aZm Cgr T>§J go {gImE±, {Og T>§J
go CÝh| CZ AZw{H«$¶mAm| H$mo ^{dî¶ ‘| XmohamZm h¡&
12. {ejH$m| H$mo Mm{hE {H$ do N>mÌm| H$mo ñdVÝÌ ê$n go H$m¶© H$aZo
H$m Adga àXmZ H$ao& CÝh| ¶h ܶmZ aIZm h¡ {H$ N>mÌ H$ht
AZmdí¶H$ g‘¶ Vmo ~~m©X Zht H$a aho h¢&
13. Bg {gÕmÝV go ¶h {d{XV hmoVm h¡ {H$ ~mbH$m| H$mo {gImZo Ho$ {bE
CZH$s ì¶{³VJV {^ÝZVmAmo§ H$mo ܶmZ ‘| aIm OmZm Mm{hE&
14. ~mbH$m| Ho$ A{YJ‘ ‘| A{^d¥[Îm H$m {deof ‘hÎd hmoVm h¡& AV…
~mbH$m| Ho$ A{YJ‘ go nyd© A{YJ‘ Ho$ à{V gH$mamË‘H$ ÑpîQ>H$moU
{dH${gV {H$¶m OmZm Mm{hE&
6.6 {H«$¶m-àgyV AZw~ÝYZ {gÕmÝV
Bg {gÕmÝV H$m à{VnmXZ A‘o[aH$m Ho$ ~r. E’$. pñH$Za Zo {H$¶m& {H«$¶m-
àgyV AZw~ÝYZ {gÕmÝV H$m ¶h Zm‘ Bg{bE aIm J¶m, ³¶m|{H$ ¶h Hw$N>
EH$ {H«$¶mAm| na AmYm[aV h¡, Omo {H$ {H$gr ì¶p³V H$mo H$aZr hmoVr h¢& Bg
{gÕmÝV ‘| emñÌr¶ AZw~ÝYZ Ho$ g^r {gÕmÝV nm¶o OmVo h¢, {’$a ^r XmoZm|
‘| {^ÝZVm h¡&
nmdbm°d Ho$ emñÌr¶ AZw~ÝYZ {gÕmÝV ‘o§ Hw$Îmo H$mo ‘oO go ^br-^m±{V
~m±Ym J¶m Wm Am¡a dh g{H«$¶ Zht Wm, {H$ÝVw pñH$Za Ho$ grIZo H$s {H«$¶m ‘o§
à¶moÁ¶ {H«$¶merb ahVo h¢& ¶hr H$maU h¡ {H$ Bg {gÕmÝV H$mo {H«$¶m-‘ybH$
AZw~ÝYZ {gÕmÝV H$hm J¶m h¡&
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
àJʶ
6.6.1 pñH$Za Ho$ à¶moJ
pñH$Za Zo ewê$ ‘| àm¶mo{JH$ H$m¶© Myhm| H$mo boH$a {H$¶o& CÝh| pñH$Za no{Q>H$m
‘| aIm OmVm Wm Am¡a CÝh| ^moOZ J«hU H$aZo hoVw brda X~mZm n‹S>Vm Wm&
BgHo$ ~mX ‘| Aݶ newAm| na à¶moJ {H$¶o Am¡a {ejU ¶ÝÌm| H$mo à¶moJ ‘| {b¶m
J¶m& aoIr¶ A{^H«${‘V AZwXoeZ nyar Vah pñH$Za Ho$ Bg A{YJ‘ {gÕmÝV
na AmYm[aV h¡& pñH$Za Zo gd©àW‘ AnZm à¶moJ Myhm| na {H$¶m Am¡a CgHo$
níMmV² H$~yVam| na&
pñH$Za Zo EH$ Eogr no{Q>H$m H$m {Z‘m©U {H$¶m, {Og‘| EH$ N>‹S> Am¡a
^moOZ Ho$ {bE EH$ VíVar Ow‹S>r hþB© Wr& CgZo EH$ ^yIo Myho H$mo Bg no{Q>H$m
‘| aIm& dh no{Q>H$m ‘| BYa-CYa Ky‘Vm Wm, O¡go hr dh N>‹S> H$mo X~mVm
^moOZ VíVar ‘| Am OmVm& O~ ^moOZ Zo Myho Ho$ Bg ì¶dhma H$m nwZ~©bZ
H$a {X¶m, Vmo dh ~ma-~ma N>‹S> H$mo X~mZo H$m H$m¶© H$aZo bJm& Myho H$mo N>‹S>
X~mZo na ^moOZ Ho$db Cgr g‘¶ CnbãY hmoVm, O~ gmW ‘| ‘rR>r Üd{Z ^r
hmoVr& Yrao-Yrao Myho Zo gm‘mݶrH$aU H$a {b¶m Am¡a dh Ho$db Cgr g‘¶ N>‹S>
X~mVm, O~{H$ ‘rR>r Üd{Z hmoVr&
pñH$Za Zo Bgr Vah Ho$ à¶moJ H$~yVam| na {H$¶o& BZ à¶moJm| H$s ‘XX
Ûmam pñH$Za {M{‹S>¶m| H$mo nwañH¥$V H$aHo$ CÝh| n[a‘m{O©V Ed§ n[ad{V©V H$aZo ‘|
g’$b hþE& ¶hm± VH$ {H$ {M{‹S>¶m± qnJ-nm|J Iob ^r IobZo bJt&
pñH$Za Zo AnZo {gÕmÝV Ho$ AZwgma S-R gyÌ H$mo R-S gyÌ ‘|o ~Xb
{X¶m&
S-R gyÌ Ho$ AZwgma {~Zm CÎmoOH$ Ho$ AZw{H«$¶m Zht hmo gH$Vr& Bg
‘V H$m CÝhm|Zo {damoY {H$¶m& CZH$s ‘mݶVm h¡ {H$ kmV CÎmoOH$ Ho$ {~Zm
AZw{H«$¶m K{Q>V hmo gH$Vr h¡& CZHo$ AZwgma AZw{H«$¶m nhbo hmoZr Mm{hE Am¡a
CÎmoOH$ ~mX ‘| {X¶m OmZm Mm{hE, {H$ÝVw dm§{N>V AZw{H«$¶m H$m H¥${Ì‘ CÎmoOH$
Ûmam nwZ~©bZ Oê$ar h¡, AݶWm AZw{H«$¶m ‘| õmg hmoZo bJVm h¡& nwZ~©bZ
C{MV AZw{H«$¶m Ho$ níMmV² hr XoZm Mm{hE, nhbo Zht& pñH$Za Ho$ AZwgma ¶h
AZw{H«$¶m (R) hr h¡, Omo g~b hmoVr h¡, Z {H$ CÎmoOH$-AZw{H«$¶m (S-R)
~ÝYZ&
pñH$Za H$m {H«$¶m àgyV {gÕmÝV Wm°Z©S>mBH$ Ho$ {Z¶‘ Ho$ AÝVJ©V M¶Z
Ed§ g§¶moOZ na AmYm[aV h¡& Wm°Z©S>mBH$ H$s Vah pñH$Za Zo Xmo Vah Ho$ A{YJ‘
H$mo ‘mZm h¡, {H$ÝVw JwWar H$s ^m±{V CgZo Cg A{YJ‘ na A{YH$ ~b {X¶m
h¡, Omo {H$ n[aUm‘m| Ûmam {Z¶pÝÌV hmoVm h¡&
pñH$Za Zo ì¶dhma H$mo Xmo ^mJm| ‘| {d^³V {H$¶m h¡- AZw{H«$¶mË‘H$
Am¡a {H«$¶m àgyVmË‘H$& naånamJV ‘Zmo{dkmZ Ho$ AZwgma CÔrnZ Ho$ A^md
‘| AZw{H«$¶m Zht hmoVr& pñH$Za Zo AZw{H«$¶m H$mo Xmo ^mJm| ‘| {d^³V {H$¶m h¡-
1. àH$me ‘| AmZo dmbr AZw{H«$¶m
2. CËgO©Z à{V{H«$¶m&
Omo AZw{H«$¶m kmV àoaH$ Ûmam àH$me ‘| bmB© OmVr h¡, CgH$mo àH$m{eV
AZw{H«$¶m H$hVo h¢& BgHo$ {dnarV Xÿgao àH$ma H$s AZw{H«$¶mE± hmoVr h¢, {OZH$m
gå~ÝY {H$gr kmV àoaH$ go Zht hmoVm& Bg Vah H$s CËgO©Z AZw{H«$¶m H$mo
{H«$¶m àgyV H$hVo h¢& naånamJV ‘mݶVm ¶h h¡ {H$ Bg àH$ma H$s AZw{H«$¶m
H$mo ^r àH$m{eV AZw{H«$¶m ñdrH$ma H$amo, {OgH$m CÎmoOH$ ^bo hr kmV Z hmo&
pñH$Za H$m ‘V h¡ {H$ {H«$¶m-àgyV ì¶dhma H$mo g‘PZo hoVw CÎmoOH$ XemAm|
 àJʶ A{YJ‘ Ho$ {gÕmÝV
H$m H$moB© ‘hÎd Zht h¡, ³¶m|{H$ {H«$¶m àgyV ì¶dhma CÎmoOH$ Ûmam àH$me ‘|
Zht AmVm& g{H«$¶Vm H$m {H$gr nyd© CÎmoOH$ Ho$ gmW gå~ÝY hmo gH$Vm h¡&
Eogr pñW{V ‘| ¶h {d^oXrH¥$V {H«$¶m àgyV hmo OmVm h¡&
AZw{H«$¶m H$s Vah AZw~ÝYZ ^r Xmo àH$ma Ho$ hmoVo h¢-
1. CÔrnH$ AZw~ÝYZ
2. AZw{H«$¶m AZw~ÝYZ
g§jon ‘| CÔrnH$ AZw~ÝYZ H$mo S VWm AZw{H«$¶m AZw~ÝYZ H$mo R
AZw~ÝYZ H$hm OmVm h¡&
S àH$ma Ho$ AZw~ÝYZ H$m gå~ÝY AZw{H«$¶mË‘H$ ì¶dhma go Bg{bE
hmoVm h¡ {H$ nwZ~©bZ H$m gå~ÝY CÎmoOH$ go hmoVm h¡& nmdbm°d H$m AZw~ÝYZ
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gå~ÝYr {gÕmÝV S àH$ma H$m hr h¡& pñH$Za S àH$ma Ho$ grIZo H$mo ‘hÎd
XoVo h¢& ¶h AZw~ÝYZ {H«$¶m àgyV ì¶dhma AZw~ÝYZ VWm nwZ~©bZ go Ow‹S>m
hmoVm h¡& Bggo EH$ àH$ma H$s à{V{H«$¶m hmoVr h¡, Omo {H$ nwZ~©bZ go gå~pÝYV
hmoVr h¡, Z H$s CÔrnZ go& Bg {dMma H$mo nwîQ> H$aZo Ho$ {bE pñH$Za Zo brda
X~mZo H$m CXmhaU àñVwV {H$¶m& brda X~mZo H$s à{V{H«$¶m H$mo ^moOZ n«ñVwV
H$aZo nwîQ> {H$¶m OmVm h¡&
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6.6.2 pñH$Za Ho$ {gÕmÝV H$s H${‘¶m±
1. {H«$¶m-àgyV CÎmoOH$ AWdm CÔrnZ àgyV ‘| ^«‘ ì¶má ahVm h¡,
{OgHo$ H$maU {H«$¶m-àgyV AZw~ÝYZ Am¡a CÔrnZ àgyV AZw~ÝYZ
‘| ñnîQ> AÝVa H$aZm H${R>Z hmoVm h¡&
2. A{YJ‘ Ed§ {H«$¶mH$bmn ‘| pñH$Za H$moB© AÝVa Zht g‘PVo, O~{H$
Xÿgao ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| H$m {dMma h¡ {H$ nwZ~©brH$aU grIZo H$s Anojm
bú¶ H$s ÑpîQ> go {H«$¶mH$bmn H$mo à^m{dV H$aVm h¡&
3. {H«$¶m àgyV Ho$ g^r à¶moJ {Z¶pÝÌV n[apñW{V¶m| ‘| hþE& AV… BZ
{Z¶pÝÌV n[apñW{V¶m| ‘| {H$¶o J¶o à¶moJm| go CnbãY {Z¶‘ {H$g
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àH$ma grIZo H$s àmH¥${VH$ n[apñW{V¶m| ‘| bmJy {H$¶o Om gH$Vo h¢&
4. {H«$¶m àgyV ‘| à¶moJm| Ho$ {df¶ new AWdm Aݶ Ord Wo& AV…
CZ na AmYm[aV {Z¶‘ grIZo H$s gm‘m{OH$ n[apñW{V¶m| ‘| H¡$go
Cn¶moJr hmo gH$Vo h¢&
6.6.3 pñH$Za Ho$ {gÕmÝV H$s e¡{jH$ CnmXo¶Vm
1. dm§{N>V AZw{H«$¶mAm| Ho$ nwZ~©brH$aU go ~mbH$m|, {deofH$a N>moQ>o
~ÀMm| H$mo àmoËgmhZ {‘bVm h¡ Am¡a do C{MV ì¶dhma H$aZo bJVo
h¢& XoIm J¶m h¡ {H$ O~ ~mbH$ ‘hgyg H$aVm h¡ {H$ CgHo$ n‹T>Zo
H$s Amoa ܶmZ Zht {X¶m Om ahm, Vmo dh CXmgrZ hmo OmVm h¡&
AV… Amdí¶H$Vm ahVr h¡ {H$ {ejH$ ~mbH$m| Ho$ C{MV H$m¶© H$mo
à~bZ XoVm aho& {ejH$ {H«$¶m H$m à~bZ ‘wñH$amhQ> VWm A{YH$
A§H$ àXmZ H$aHo$, ghmZw^y{V àH$Q> H$aHo$ AWdm àe§gm H$aHo$ H$a
gH$Vm h¡& ~‹S>r H$jmAm| ‘| à~bZ AZwH«${‘V AZwXoeZ Ho$ Ûmam
{X¶m Om gH$Vm h¡& Bg AW© hoVw {ejU ¶ÝÌm| H$m Cn¶moJ {H$¶m
Om gH$Vm h¡& H$B© ~ma XoIZo ‘| Am¶m h¡ {H$ Mm°H$boQ> Ho$ bmbM ‘|
N>moQ>o ~ÀMo ~maå~ma C{MV {bIZo Am¡a n‹T>Zo H$m à¶mg H$aVo h¢ Am¡a
AÝVV… ghr {bIZm-n‹T>Zm grI OmVo h¢&
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
n¥îR> 83
2. dm§{N>V Am¡a Cn¶w³V ì¶dhma H$m nwZ~©bZ nwañH$ma Ûmam VwaÝV
H$aZm Mm{hE& Bg‘| Xoa hmoZo go à^md H$‘ hmo OmVm h¡& AܶmnH$
Ûmam J¥h-H$m¶© H$mo {ZpíMV {XZ Z XoIZo na N>mÌ CXmgrZ hmo OmVo
h¢ Am¡a Cgo H$aZm ~ÝX H$a XoVo h¢&
3. ¶h {gÕmÝV Aä¶mg Am¡a nwZamd¥{Îm H$mo ‘hÎd XoVm h¡& AV…
AܶmnH$ H$m H$Îm©ì¶ h¡ {H$ dh {ejU ‘| BZ {H«$¶mAm| H$m Cn¶moJ
H$ao&
4. AZwH«${‘V AZwXoeZ Bg {gÕmÝV na nyar Vah AmYm[aV h¡& BgHo$
AÝVJ©V N>mÌ AnZr j‘Vm Ho$ AZwgma grIVo h¢& N>mÌ V^r AJ«ga
hmoVm h¡, O~{H$ CgH$m C[MV CÎma Ûmam à~bZ hmo OmVm h¡&
5. ¶h {gÕmÝV A{^àoaUm na ~b XoVm h¡& {ejH$ H$m H$Îm©ì¶ h¡ {H$
dh ~mbH$m| H$mo {df¶-dñVw Ho$ CÔoí¶ H$mo ñnîQ> H$aHo$, CÔoí¶ ny{V©
hoVw ào[aV H$aVm aho& àoaUm àXmZ H$aZo go ~mbH$ grIZo hoVw gX¡d
VËna ahVo h¢&
6.7 nwZ~©bZ H$m {gÕmÝV
³bmH©$ Eb. hb ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ gåàXm¶ H$s ÑpîQ> go ì¶dhmadmXr h¡& dV©‘mZ
H$mb ‘| ¶h {gÕmÝV gå^dV… g~go à‘wI h¡& A‘o[aH$m Ho$ ¶ob {díd{dÚmb¶
‘| hb Zo grIZo H$s à{H«$¶m go gå~pÝYV AZoH$ à¶moJ {H$¶o& CgZo Wm°Z©S>mBH$
d dwS>dW© Ûmam {H$¶o J¶o à¶moJm| Am¡a CZ na AmYm[aV grIZo H$s ì¶m»¶m H$m
^r AmbmoMZmË‘H$ Aܶ¶Z {H$¶m& hb Zo gd©àW‘ AnZo {gÕmÝV H$s aMZm
1930 ‘| H$s& V~ ¶h bJ^J gånyU© ê$n go Ho$db EH$ gm‘mݶ à{VñWmnZ
Ho$ {gÕmÝV Ho$ g‘mZ hr Wm& AV… hb H$m {gÕmÝV CÎmoOZm-à{V{H«$¶m H$m hr
Xÿgam ê$n Wm& O¡gm D$na ~Vm¶m Om MwH$m h¡ {H$ hb Ho$ {dMma ì¶dhmadmXr
h¢, naÝVw VH©$ d {gÕmÝV Ho$ àñVwVrH$aU ‘| hb à¶moJdmXr ‘Zmo{dkmZ go
^r A{YH$ à^m{dV h¡& hb grIZo ‘| MoVZm H$m ñWmZ Zht ‘mZVo h¢, CÝhm|Zo
grIZo H$s ì¶dhmadmXr Am¡a ¶mpÝÌH$ ì¶m»¶m CnpñWV H$s h¡& ¶m{ÝÌH$ grIZo
‘| Aä¶mg H$m {deof ‘hÎd hmoVm h¡&
hb Zo Wm°Z©S>mBH$ Ûmam à{Vnm{XV n[aUm‘ à^md Ho$ {Z¶‘ VWm
nmdbm°d Ho$ gå~ÝY-à{V{H«$¶m {gÕmÝV Ho$ AmYma na hr AnZo {gÕmÝV
H$mo àñVwV {H$¶m h¡& CgZo AnZo {gÕmÝV H$m à{VnmXZ ì¶dhma Ho$ {gÕmÝV
Zm‘H$ nwñVH$ ‘| àñVwV {H$¶m J¶m& Bg {gÕmÝV H$m ZdrZ ê$n 1951 ‘|
àH$m{eV ì¶dhma Ho$ Amdí¶H$ VÎd Zm‘H$ nwñVH$ ‘| {H$¶m& CgZo nwZ~©bZ
na {deoîm ~b {X¶m& Cg g‘¶ go CgH$m {gÕmÝV nwZ~©bZ H$m {gÕmÝV
H$hbmZo bJm& hb Zo grIZo H$s à{H«$¶m ‘| Ho$db CÎmoOZm VWm à{H«$¶m na hr
~b Zht {X¶m, naÝVw grIZo dmbm| H$r ‘ZmoXem, CZH$r Amdí¶H$VmAm| VWm
bú¶m| H$mo ^r C{MV ñWmZ {X¶m&
6.7.1 {gÕmÝV H$s ì¶m»¶m
hb Zo AnZo {gÕmÝV H$s ì¶m»¶m 17 ñd¶§ {g{Õ¶m|, 17 Cn-{gÕmÝVm| VWm
133 à‘o¶ Ho$ AmYma na H$s h¡& grIZo H$s {H«$¶m H$m AmYma Amdí¶H$VmAm|
H$s ny{V© H$aVm h¡, Vmo dh Cg AmMaU AWdm ì¶dhma H$mo grI boVm h¡& hb
 n¥îR> 84 A{YJ‘ Ho$ {gÕmÝV
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
nwZ~©bZ ¶m g~brH$aU H$s à{H«$¶m ‘mZVo h¢, {Oggo àmUr H$s Amdí¶H$VmAm|
H$s ny{V© hmoVr h¡ VÏmm MmbH$ H$s gÝVwpîQ> hmoVr h¡& hb Zo grIZo H$s à{H«$¶m
‘| MmbH$ H$m ~hþV ‘hÎd ~Vm¶m h¡& àoaUm àmUr H$s emar[aH$, ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$
Amdí¶H$VmAm| go CËnÝZ hmoVr h¡& A{^àoaUm àmUr ‘| MmbH$ H$m H$m¶© H$aVr
h¡& A{^àoaUm H$s AZwnpñW{V ‘| àmUr Hw$N> Zhr§ grI gH$Vm& A{^àoaUm Ho$
H$maU hr dh {d{eîQ> {H«$¶m H$aVm h¡& A{^àoaUm Ho$ CËnÝZ hmoZo go àmUr {H«$¶m
H$aZm àmaå^ H$a XoVm h¡& A{^àoaUm CËnÝZ hmoZo go àmUr H$s {H«$¶mE± CÔoí¶nyU©
hmo OmVr h¡& Bg àH$ma {H«$¶m H$aZo go Cgo nwañH$ma {‘bVm h¡, Vmo àmUr Cgr
{H«$¶m H$mo XmohamVm h¡& Bg àH$ma nwañH$ma àmUr ‘| CÎmoOZm VWm AZw{H«$¶m Ho$
gå~ÝY H$mo nwîQ> ¶m Ñ‹T> H$aVm h¡& ¶h nwañH$ma hr nwZ~©bZ h¡&
Bg àH$ma bú¶ àm{á go CÎmoOZm Am¡a AZw{H«$¶m Ho$ ~rM gå~ÝY Ñ‹T>
hmo OmVm h¡& Bggo àmUr Ho$ AÝXa VZmd H$‘ hmo OmVm h¡, {Oggo Cgo {d{eîQ>
AZw{H«$¶m ‘| ghm¶Vm {‘bVr h¡& AV… grIZo H$m H$m¶© Amdí¶H$Vm H$s ny{V©
H$s à{H«$¶m h¡& Xÿgao eãXm| ‘| Amdí¶H$Vm H$s H$‘r, Amdí¶H$Vm ny{V© H$aZo Ho$
{bE hmoZr Mm{hE&
hb Ho$ AZwgma O~ Amdí¶H$Vm H$‘ hmo OmVr h¡, Vmo S-R Omo
Amdí¶H$Vm H$‘ hmoZo Ho$ g‘¶ àñVwV hmoVo h¢, Ñ‹T> hmo OmVo h¢& Bg àH$ma hb
n[aUm‘ H$m {Z¶‘ Am¡a gå~Õ à{V{H«$¶m Ho$ {Z¶‘ XmoZm| H$mo {‘bm XoVo h¢&
Amdí¶H$Vm H$‘ hmoZo H$m VmËn¶© hr ¶h h¡ {H$ g’$b à{V{H«$¶m hþB© h¡& g’$b
à{V{H«$¶m S-R gå~ÝY H$mo ‘O~yV ~ZmVr h¡&
6.7.2 nwZ~©bZ H$s AdñWmE±
hb Zo g~brH$aU ¶m nwZ~©bZ H$s Xmo AdñWmE± ~VmB© h¢-
1. àmW{‘H$ nwZ~©bZ
àmW{‘H$ nwZ~©bZ go VmËn¶© CZ CÎmoOZmAm| go h¡, {OZgo {H$gr àmUr H$s
Amdí¶H$Vm ‘| H$‘r Am OmVr h¡& O¡go ^moOZ Ho$ Im boZo go ^moOZ H$s
Amdí¶H$VmAm|o H$s ny{V© hmo OmVr h¢ Bg àH$ma àmUr Cg {H«$¶m H$mo XmohamVm h¡,
{Oggo Cgo ^moOZ {‘bVm h¡&
2. {ÛVr¶H$ nwZ~©bZ
ÛVr¶H$ nwZ~©bZ Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘| hb Zo {bIm h¡ {H$ gmdYmZr go {H$¶o J¶o
AdbmoH$Zm| Am¡a à¶moJm| Zo ‘w»¶ ê$n go CÀM Ordm| na {H$¶o J¶o AdbmoH$Zm|
Am¡a à¶moJm| Zo Eogr n[apñW{V¶m± àH$Q> H$s h¢, {OZ‘| A{YJ‘ Vmo hmoVm h¡, naÝVw
CgHo$ gmW {H$gr àmW{‘H$ Amdí¶H$Vm ‘| H$‘r Zht hmoVr&
^moOZ H$mo ^yI Ho$ ê$n ‘| {b¶m J¶m h¡, naÝVw ^moOZ {‘b OmZo na
^r O~ VH$ dh Im Zht {b¶m OmVm Am¡a hO‘ Zht hmo OmVm, V~ VH$ CgH$s
Amdí¶H$Vm ‘| H$‘r Zht hmoVr&
dñVwV… ¶h àVrV hmoVm h¡ {H$ ^yI Ho$ gÝVwîQ> hmoZo go nyd© nwZ~©bZ
hmoVm h¡& n¡gm EH$ nwZ~©bZ H$m gmYZ h¡, naÝVw Bggo à˶j ê$n go {H$gr
àmW{‘H$ Amdí¶H$Vm H$s ny{V© Zht hmoVr, O~ VH$ {H$ Bggo {H$gr MrO H$s
àm{á Zht H$a br OmVr h¡& AV… hb Zo ~Vm¶m h¡ {H$ nwZ~©bZ A{^H$aU EH$
Eogr n[apñW{V Ho$ ê$n ‘| ^r hmo gH$Vm h¡, {Og‘| Eogo CÛrnZm| H$m EH$ ¶m¡{JH$
g‘wÀM¶ hmoo {OgH$m Amdí¶H$Vm ‘| H$‘r Ho$ gmW {ZH$Q> Am¡a gwg§JV gå~ÝY
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
àJʶ
ahm hmo& Bgr H$mo {ÛVr¶H$ nwZ~©bZ H$hm OmVm h¡&
6.7.3 hb Ho$ à¶moJ
hb Zo EH$ Xmo ImZm| dmbm {nÝOam {b¶m& Xÿgao ImZo ‘| OmZo Ho$ {bE ~rM H$s
Xrdma ‘| EH$ gwamI Wm& EH$ ImZo ‘| Myhm aIm J¶m VWm ~rM H$s Xrdma ‘|
{dÚwV-Ymam àdm{hV H$s JB©& Bg CÎmoOH$ go Myhm AZoH$ àH$ma H$s {H«$¶mE±
H$aZo bJm, CN>b-Hy$X H$aZo bJm, {nÝOao H$s N>‹S>m| H$mo H$mQ>Zo bJm& AÝV
‘|, dh Cg N>oX Ho$ Ûmam Xÿgao ImZo ‘| Hy$X J¶m& BgHo$ níMmV² Xÿgao ImZo ‘|
{dÚwV Ymam àdm{hV H$s JB©& Eogm V~$ VH$ Xmoham¶m J¶m, O~ VH$ Myho Zo Xÿgao
ImZo ‘| Hy$XZm Zhr§ grI {b¶m& ñnîQ> h¡ {H$ Bg àH$ma H$m grIZm n[aUm‘
Ho$ {Z¶‘ Ho$ H$maU hþAm&
Xÿgao à¶moJ ‘| {~Obr H$m PQ>H$m XoZo go Xmo g¡H$ÊS> nhbo EH$ KÊQ>r
~OmB© OmVr h¡& Myhm KÊQ>r H$s AmdmO gwZH$a erK« hr Hy$XZm grI J¶m& Myhm
{~Obr H$m PQ>H$m XoZo go nyd© hr Hy$XZo bJVm h¡, ¶h grIZm gå~Õ à{V{H«$¶m
Ho$ H$maU hþAm&
6.7.4 hb Ho$ {gÕmÝV H$s H${‘¶m±
1. hb grIZo H$mo à¶mg Ed§ Ìw{Q> Ûmam grIZo H$s {d{Y¶m| VH$ hr
gr{‘V aIVo h¢&
2. hb grIZo ‘| gH$mamË‘H$ àoaUm na ~b Z XoH$a {ZfoYmË‘H$ àoaUm
na ~b XoVo h¢& N>mÌ {dÚmb¶m| ‘| Bg H$maU Zht OmVo {H$ CÝh|
OmZm hr h¡& do dhm± Hw$N> grIZo Ho$ {bE OmVo h¢, Hw$N> H$m¡Vwhb VWm
ImoO Ho$ H$maUde ^r OmVo h¢&
3. Q>m°b‘¡Z grIZo H$s à{H«$¶m ‘| nwZ~©bZ H$mo Amdí¶H$ Zht ‘mZVm&
Bg {gÕmÝV ‘| ¶h Amn{Îm CR>mB© JB© {H$ ¶{X àmUr H$s grIZo H$s
AZw{H«$¶m nwZ~©bZ go hr Ñ‹T> hmoVr h¡, Vmo H$îQ> H$s n[apñW{V ‘|
àmUr H¡$go grIVm h¡?
4. hb H$m {gÕmÝV Myhm| H$mo grIZo ‘| Mmho {H$VZm hr ghr ³¶m| Z hmo,
CgH$mo ‘mZd Ho$ grIZo ‘| ghr Zht ‘mZm Om gH$Vm h¡&
5. hb H$mo J{UV go A˶{YH$ ào‘ Wm& Bg{bE CgZo AnZo {gÕmÝV
Ho$ AÝVJ©V ñd¶§ {g{Õ¶m| H$s ì¶m»¶m AZmdí¶H$ ê$n go A§H$m|
‘| H$s h¡& ¶mZr CgZo AnZo {gÕmÝV H$mo ‘mÌmË‘H$ ~ZmZo H$m nyU©
à¶mg {H$¶m h¡&
6.7.5 hb Ho$ {gÕmÝV H$s e¡{jH$ CnmXo¶Vm
1. hb H$m {gÕmÝV A{YH$ Znm-Vwbm VWm ewÕ h¡& Bg‘| A{^àoaUm|
na A{YH$ ~b {X¶m h¡, ³¶m|{H$ do àmUr H$s ‘yb Amdí¶H$VmAm|
go gå~Õ h¡&
2. hb Zo grIZo H$s à{H«$¶m ‘| Ho$db CÎmoOZm Am¡a à{H«$¶m na hr ~b
Zht {X¶m, A{nVw grIZo dmbm| H$s ‘ZmoXem, Amdí¶H$VmAm| VWm
bú¶m| H$mo ^r C{MV ñWmZ {X¶m h¡& dmñdV ‘| hb H$s ¶h g§H$ënZm
g‘H$mbrZ {ejm ‘| g~go ~‹S>m ¶moJ Xo gH$Vr h¡, ³¶m|{H$ dh H$jm
‘| {H$¶o OmZo dmbo {H«$¶mH$bmnm| H$m ~ÀMm| H$s Amdí¶H$VmAm| Ho$
gmW gå~ÝY Omo‹S>Zo Ho$ {bE EH$ Vm{H©$H$ AmYma àXmZ H$aVr h¡&
 àJʶ A{YJ‘ Ho$ {gÕmÝV n¥îR> 85

3. Bg {gÕmÝV H$m H$jm {ejU ‘| {deof ‘hÎd h¡, ³¶m|{H$ ¶h
{gÕmÝV ~VmVm h¡ {H$ {dÚmb¶ H$s {d{^ÝZ {H«$¶mAm| ‘| ~ÀMm| H$s
Amdí¶H$VmAm| VWm é{M¶m| na ~b {X¶m Om¶o&
4. ~mbH$m| H$s g’$bVm na CÝh| nwañH¥$V {H$¶m OmE&
5. nmR²>¶dñVw ~mbH$ H$s Amdí¶H$Vm go gå~pÝYV hmoZr Mm{hE&
6. N>mÌm| H$mo {H$gr {H«$¶m H$mo H$aZo Ho$ {bE A{^àoaUm àXmZ H$aZr
Mm{hE&
7. H$jm ‘| n‹T>mB© OmZo dmbr nmR²>¶dñVw Ho$ CÔoí¶ ñnîQ> hmoZo Mm{hE&
^moOZ XoZo go nhbo Hw$N> {XZm| VH$ KÊQ>r ~OmB©& CgHo$ ~mX CgZo ^moOZ Z
XoH$a Ho$db KÊQ>r ~OmB©& V~ ^r Hw$Îmo Ho$ ‘w±h go bma Q>nH$Zo bJr& BgH$m
H$maU ¶h Wm {H$ Hw$Îmo Zo KÊQ>r ~OZo go ¶h grI {b¶m Wm {H$ Cgo ^moOZ
{‘boJm& KÊQ>r Ho$ à{V Hw$Îmo H$s Bg à{V{H«$¶m H$mo nmdbm°d Zo gå~Õ ghO-
{H«$¶m H$s g§km Xr&

6.8 gå~Õ à{V{H«$¶m {gÕmÝV ¶m AZwHy${bV

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AZw{H«$¶m {gÕmÝV
gå~Õ à{V{H«$¶m {gÕmÝV H$m à{VnmXZ ê$gr ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ earaemñÌr AmB©.
nr. nmdbm°d Zo 1904 ‘| {H$¶m Wm& gå~Õ à{V{H«$¶m H$m AW© h¡ Añdm^m{dH$
(~ZmdQ>r) CÔrnZ Ho$ à{V ñdm^m{dH$ (dmñV{dH$) à{V{H«$¶m ¶m AZw{H«$¶m
H$m CËnÝZ hmoZm& Bg ‘V Ho$ AZwgma grIZm EH$ AZwHy${bV AZw{H«$¶m h¡&
~Zm©S>© Ho$ eãXm| ‘| AZwHy${bV AZw{H«$¶m CÎmoOZm H$s nwZamd¥{Îm Ûmam ì¶dhma
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H$m ñdMmbZ h¡, {Og‘| CÎmoOZm nhbo {H$gr {deof AZw{H«$¶m Ho$ gmW bJr
ahVr h¡ Am¡a AÝV ‘| dh {H$gr ì¶dhma H$m H$maU ~Z OmVr h¡, Omo nhbo ‘mÌ
Hw$Îmo Ho$ g‘mZ ~mbH$ Am¡a ì¶p³V ^r gå~Õ ghO-{H«$¶m Ûmam grIVo
gmW bJr hþB© Wr&
h¢& nHo$ hþE Am‘m| ¶m {‘R>mB© H$mo XoIH$a ~mbH$m| Ho$ ‘w±h ‘| nmZr Am OmVm h¢,
^moOZ XoIH$a Hw$Îmo Ho$ ‘w±h go bma Q>nH$Zo bJVr h¡& ¶hm± ^moOZ
CëQ>r H$aZm AZoH$ ì¶p³V¶m| ‘| ghO-{H«$¶m h¡, na AZoH$ ‘| ¶h gå~Õ
EH$ ñdm^m{dV CÎmoOH$ ¶m CÔrnH$ h¡ Am¡a Hw$Îmo Ho$ ‘w±h go bma Q>nH$Zm EH$
ghO-{H«$¶m ^r h¡& nhm‹S> na ~g ‘| ¶mÌm H$aVo g‘¶ Hw$N> ì¶p³V CëQ>r H$aZo
ñdm^m{dH$ {H«$¶m ¶m ghO à{H«$¶m h¡, na ¶{X {H$gr Añdm^m{dH$ CÎmoOH$
bJVo h¢& CZ‘| go Hw$N> Eogo ^r hmoVo h¢, {OZH$mo ¶mÌm àmaå^ hmoZo go nhbo hr
Ho$ H$maU hr Hw$Îmo Ho$ ‘w±h go bma Q>nH$Zo bJo, Vmo Bgo gå~Õ ghO-{H«$¶m
CëQ>r hmoZo bJVr h¡& Hw$N> bmoJ Xÿgam| H$mo CëQ>r H$aVo hþE XoIH$a CëQ>r H$aZo
¶m gå~Õ à{V{H«$¶m H$hVo h¢& Xÿgao eãXm| ‘|, Añdm^m{dH$ CÎmoOH$ Ho$ à{V
bJVo h¢&
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ñdm^m{dH$ CÎmoOH$ Ho$ g‘mZ hmoZo dmbr à{V{H«$¶m H$mo gå~Õ ghO-{H«$¶m
Ohm± Añdm^m{dH$ CÎmoOH$ ñdm^m{dH$ CÎmoOH$ H$m ñWmZ J«hU H$a
H$hVo h¢& Xÿgao eãXm| ‘| Añdm^m{dH$ CÎmoOH$ Ho$ à{V ñdm^m{dH$ CÎmoOH$ Ho$
bo, dhm± ghO-à{V{H«$¶m Ûmam grIZm hmoVm h¡& ghO-à{V{H«$¶m H$m VÝÌ Bg
g‘mZ hmoZo dmbr à{V{H«$¶m H$mo gå~Õ ghO-{H«$¶m H$hVo h¢& BgHo$ AW© H$mo
AmYma na {dH${gV hmoVm h¡-
Am¡a A{YH$ ñnîQ> H$aZo Ho$ {bE h‘ b¢S>b Ho$ eãXm| ‘| H$h gH$Vo h¢ {H$ gå~Õ
1. ñdm^m{dH$ CÎmoOH$ - ñdm^m{dH$ AZw{H«$¶m
ghO-{H«$¶m ‘| H$m¶© Ho$ à{V ñdm^m{dH$ CÎmoOH$ Ho$ ~Om¶ EH$ à^mdhrZ
^moOZ (UCS) - bma (UCR)
CÎmoOH$ hmoVm h¡, Omo ñdm^m{dH$ CÎmoOH$ go gå~pÝYV {H$¶o OmZo Ho$ H$maU
2. Añdm^m{dH$+ñdm^m{dH$ CÎmoOH$ (UCR) - ñdm^m{dH$ AZw{H«$¶m
à^mdnyU© hmo OmVm h¡&
KÊQ>r H$s AmdmO+ ^moOZ (UCS)- bma H$m Q>nH$Zm& (UCR)
O~ àmH¥${VH$ CÔrnH$ Am¡a H¥${Ì‘ CÔrnH$ AZoH$ ~ma gmW-gmW AmVo
3. AZwHy${bV CÎmoOH$ (CS)- AZwHy${bV AZw{H«$¶m (CR)
h¢, Vmo XmoZm| ‘| EH$ gå~ÝY ñWm{nV hmo OmVm h¡& ¶h gå~ÝY BVZm à^mdembr
UCS - Unconditioned Stimulus
hmo OmVm h¡ {H$ H¥${Ì‘ CÔrnH$ àmH¥${VH$ CÔrnH$ H$s gmar {deofVmE± J«hU H$a UCR - Unconditioned Response
boVm h¡ VWm àmH¥${VH$ CÔrnH$ H$s AZwnpñW{V ‘| Ho$db Añdm^m{dH$ CÔrnH$ CS - Conditioned Stimulus
go hr AZw{H«$¶m gå^d hmo OmVr h¡& CR - Conditioned Response

6.8.1 nmdbm°d H$m à¶moJ 6.8.2 nmdbm°d Ho$ {gÕmÝV Ho$ JwU Ed§ {deofVmE±
gå~Õ ghO-{H«$¶m Ho$ {gÕmÝV H$m gå~ÝY eara {dkmZ go h¡& BgHo$ ‘mZZo 1. ¶h {gÕmÝV grIZo H$s ñdm^m{dH$ {d{Y ~VmVm h¡& AV… ¶h
dmbo {deof ê$n go ì¶dhmadmXr h¢& CZH$m H$hZm h¡ {H$ grIZm EH$ àH$ma ~mbH$m| H$mo {ejm XoZo ‘| ghm¶Vm XoVm h¡&
go CÔrnH$ Am¡a à{V{H«$¶m H$m gå~ÝY h¡& Bg {dMma H$mo g˶ {gÕ H$aZo Ho$ 2. ¶h {gÕmÝV ~mbH$m| Ho$ g‘mOrH$aU Am¡a dmVmdaU go CZH$m
{bE ê$gr ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ nmdbm°d Zo Hw$Îmo na EH$ à¶moJ {H$¶m& CgZo Hw$Îmo H$mo gm‘§Oñ¶ ñWm{nV H$aZo ‘| ghm¶Vm XoVm h¡&

~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
 n¥îR> 86 A{YJ‘ Ho$ {gÕmÝV
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
3. Bg {gÕmÝV H$m à¶moJ H$aHo$ ~mbH$m| Ho$ ^¶-gå~ÝYr amoJm| H$m
CnMma {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡&
4. g‘mO-‘Zmo{dkmZ Ho$ {dÛmZm| Ho$ AZwgma Bg {gÕmÝV H$m g‘yh Ho$
{Z‘m©U ‘| ~hþV ‘hÎdnyU© ñWmZ h¡&
5. H«$mo Ed§ H«$mo Ho$ AZwgma Bg {gÕmÝV H$s ghm¶Vm go ~mbH$m| ‘|
AÀN>o ì¶dhma Am¡a CÎm‘ AZwemgZ H$s ^mdZm H$m {dH$mg {H$¶m
Om gH$Vm h¡&
6. H«$mo Ed§ H«$mo Ho$ AZwgma ¶h {gÕmÝV CZ {df¶m| H$s {ejm Ho$ {bE
~hþV Cn¶moJr h¡, {OZ‘| {MÝVZ H$s Amdí¶H$Vm Zht h¡, O¡go-
gwboI Am¡a Aja-{dݶmg&
7. pñH$Za Ho$ AZwgma gå~Õ ghO-{H«$¶m AmYma^yV {gÕmÝV h¡,
{Og na grIZm {Z^©a ahVm h¡&
6.8.3 dmQ>gZ H$m à¶moJ
CÔrnH$ AZw{H«$¶m AZw~ÝYZ {gÕmÝV ‘mZd ì¶dhma ‘| ^r n[adV©Z bmVo h¢
Am¡a ¶h Om°Z ~r. dmQ>gZ d CZHo$ gh¶moJr Ûmam {H$¶o J¶o à¶moJ go {gÕ hþAm&
CÔrnH$ AZw{H«$¶m AZw~ÝYZ {gÕmÝV na gZ² 1920 ‘| à{gÕ ì¶dhmadmXr
Om°Z ~r. dmQ>gZ Ed§ CZHo$ gh¶moJr amogmobr aoZmoa Ûmam Aܶ¶Z {H$¶m J¶m&
CÝhm|Zo EH$ N>moQ>o ~ÀMo Zo H¡$go g§doJmË‘H$ AZw{H«$¶m H$aZm grI {b¶m,
Bg na à¶moJ {H$¶m& CÝhm|Zo EH$ 11 ‘mh Ho$ N>moQ>o ~ÀMo Eë~Q>© na à¶moJ {H$¶m&
g~go nhbo CÝhm|Zo ~ÀMo Ho$ gm‘Zo bmoho H$s am°S> na hWm¡‹S>o go MmoQ> bJmB©, {Ogo
gwZH$a ~ÀMm ~ma-~ma S>a OmVm Wm ¶m CN>b n‹S>Vm Wm& ~ÀMo H$m ~ma-~ma
S>a OmZm EH$ AZw~ÝYZ{dhrZ AZw{H«$¶m h¡& Bgo h‘ ñdV… ào[aV à{V{H«$¶m
^r H$hVo h¢ Am¡a Bg àH$ma H$s AZw{H«$¶m H$m OÝ‘ {OgHo$ Ûmam hmoVm h¡, Cgo
AZw~ÝYZ{dhrZ CÎmoOH$ H$hVo h¢& BZ UCS XmoZm| Am¡a UCR H$m gå~ÝY
aoâbo³g AmH©$ H$hbmVm h¡& AWm©V²
AZw~ÝYZ{dhrZ CÎmoOH $" AZw~ÝYZ{dhrZ AZw{H«$¶m
UCS - VoO AmdmO " UCR - ~ÀMo H$m S>aH$a amoZm
Bg àH$ma ~ÀMo H$mo VoO AmdmO Ho$ gmW S>aH$a amoZm ZE CÎmoOH$ Ho$
gmW {ZH$Q>Vm Ho$ {gÕmÝV Ho$ H$maU ñd¶§ CËnÝZ hþAm ì¶dhma h¡& dmQ>gZ
Ûmam Bgr à¶moJ ‘| ~ÀMo H$mo VoO AmdmO Ho$ gmW hr EH$ g’o$X IaJmoe ^r
{XIm¶m J¶m Am¡a Bgo ~ma-~ma Xmoham¶m, {Oggo AmdmO Am¡a IaJmoe ‘|
{ZH$Q> gå~ÝY ñWm{nV hmo J¶m Am¡a {’$a ~mX ‘| {g’©$ IaJmoe {XImE OmZo
na ^r ~ÀMm Cgr Vah go S>aH$a amoZo bJm, O¡go VoO AmdmO gwZH$a amoVm Wm,
{Oggo ¶h nVm MbVm h¡ {H$ IaJmoe (CXmgrZ CÎmoOH$) Am¡a VoO AmdmO
XmoZm| Ho$ ~rM AZw~ÝY ñWm{nV hmo J¶m&
AWm©V² CXmgrZ CÎmoOH$ Zo ñdm^m{dH$ CÎmoOH$ Ho$ O¡gm hr H$m¶© {H$¶m&
Bg‘| AZw~pÝYV CÎmoOH$ Zo ñdm^m{dH$ CÎmoOH$ IaJmoe Am¡a AZw~pÝYV
AZw{H«$¶m ~ÀMo H$m S>aH$a amoZm h¡& O¡go-
1. AZw~ÝYZ{dhrZ CÎmoOH$ - AZw~ÝYZ{dhrZ AZw{H«$¶m
UCS (VoO AmdmO) - UCR (~ÀMo H$m S>aH$a amoZm)
2. AZw~pÝYV CÎmoOH$ - ~ÀMo H$m S>aH$a amoZm
CS+ UCS (g’o$X IaJmoe + VoO AmdmO)
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
àJʶ
3. AZw~pÝYV CÎmoOH$ - AZw~pÝYV AZw{H«$¶m
CS (g’o$X IaJmoe) - CR (S>aH$a amoZm)
Cn¶w©³V à¶moJ Ho$ AmYma na h‘ H$h gH$Vo h¢ {H$ {ZH$Q>Vm Ho$ {gÕmÝV
H$m ~ma-~ma Cn¶moJ H$aHo$ h‘ ~ÀMo ‘| IaJmoe (AZw~pÝYV CÎmoOH$) Ûmam S>a
CËnÝZ H$a gH$Vo h¢& Bgr àH$ma h‘ Aݶ AZw{H«$¶mAm| ‘| ^r ñdm^m{dH$ d
AZw~pÝYV CÎmoOH$ ‘| gå~ÝY ñWm{nV H$a gH$Vo h¢&
6.8.4 {gÕmÝV H$s e¡{jH$ CnmXo¶Vm
Bg {gÕmÝV H$m H$m’$s e¡{jH$ ‘hÎd h¡& EH$ Hw$eb {ejH$ H$jm {ejU ‘| BgH$m
gH$mamË‘H$ Cn¶moJ H$aHo$ ~mbH$m| H$s é{M AnZo {df¶ ‘| OmJ«V² H$a gH$Vm h¡&
ghO {H«$¶m ‘| ^¶, ào‘, é{M, K¥Um Am{X CËnÝZ {H$¶o Om gH$Vo h¢& AܶmnH$
AnZo {df¶ ‘| é{M {ZåZ{b{IV VarH$m| go CËnÝZ H$a gH$Vm h¡-
1. ~mbH$m| go ghmZw^y{VnyU© ì¶dhma H$aHo$&
2. Ñí¶-lì¶ gm‘J«r O¡go- {MÌ, MmQ>©, {’$ë‘ Am{X H$m à¶moJ H$aHo$
nmR> H$mo é{MH$a ~ZmH$a&
3. J¥h-H$m¶© H$s Om±M ‘| ZH$mamË‘H$ {Q>ßnUr Z XoH$a gH$mamË‘H$
{Q>ßnUr XoZm& Ìw{Q>¶m± hmoVo hþE ^r J¥h-H$m¶© ‘| AÀN>o {~ÝXþ ImoOH$a
nhbo CZH$s àe§gm H$aZm {’$a H${‘¶m| na {Q>ßnUr H$aZm& O¡go-
¶{X {H$gr ~mbH$ H$m boI gwÝXa h¡, {H$ÝVw dV©Zr H$s Ìw{Q>¶m± H$m’$s
h¢, Vmo {ZåZ{b{IV {Q>ßnUr XoZm- AmnH$m boI gwÝXa h¡& CÎma H$mo
dV©Zr H$s Ìw{Q>¶m± gwYmH$a Am¡a ^r AÀN>m ~Zm gH$Vo h¢&
Eogm H$aZo na ~mbH$ Cg AܶmnH$ Ho$ {df¶ ‘| é{M boZo bJoJm VWm
Cg {df¶ H$mo H$‘ g‘¶ ‘| AÀN>r Vah go grI gHo$Jm& BgHo$ {dnarV ¶{X
AܶmnH$ ~mbH$ go AghmZw^y{VnyU© ì¶dhma H$aoJm VWm Jb{V¶m| na gXm
àVm{‹S>V H$aVm ahoJm, Vmo ~mbH$ Cg AܶmnH$ go VWm CgHo$ Ûmam n‹T>m¶o OmZo
dmbo {df¶ go H$VamZo bJoJm& dh H$jm go ^mJZo bJoJm& Cg‘| VZmd, ^½Zmem
Am{X CËnÝZ hmo gH$Vo h¢, {OZgo emar[aH$ amoJ ^r CËnÝZ hmo gH$Vo h¢&
6.9 ES>{dZ Ama. JwWar H$m gm{ÝZܶ
dmQ>gZ Ho$ ‘yb {dMmam| go gh‘{V àH$Q> H$aVo hþE JwWar Zo AnZo {dMmam| H$m
à{VnmXZ {H$¶m& BZH$m {dMma h¡ {H$ CÎmoOH$ VWm à{V{H«$¶m EH$ ~ma ^r EH$
gmW ¶{X K{Q>V hmo OmVr h¡, Vmo CZ‘| EH$ gå~ÝY ñWm{nV hmo OmVm h¡ Am¡a
^{dî¶ ‘| O~ ^r dh gå~pÝYV CÎmoOH$ àñVwV hmoVm h¡, Vmo dhr à{V{H«$¶m
^r hmo gH$Vr h¡&
JwWar Zo CÎmoOH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJm| ‘| ~m±Q>m h¡- ^m¡{VH$ CÎmoOH$ VWm J{V
CÎmoOH$& JwWar Zo J{V CÎmoOH$ H$mo àmapå^H$ Ed§ ‘yb CÎmoOZm ‘mZm h¡ VWm
J{V CÎmoOH$ H$s àYmZVm H$mo ñdrH$ma {H$¶m h¡& O~ àmUr EH$ J{V H$a boVm
h¡, Vmo dhr J{V AmJo H$s J{V Ho$ {bE CÎmoOH$ H$m H$m¶© H$aVr h¡& BgH$m AW©
¶h ^r h¡ {H$ J{V hr CÎmoOH$ H$mo OÝ‘ XoVr h¡& ¶hr CÎmoOH$ àXm¶H$ J{V H$hr
Om gH$Vr h¡& AV… grIZm J{V go gå~pÝYV h¡, {H«$¶m go gå~pÝYV Zht
h¡& Wm°Z©S>mBH$ H$m à^md H$m {Z¶‘ J{V H$s Anojm {H«$¶m H$s ì¶m»¶m H$aVm
h¡& Bg àH$ma JwWar Zo Wm°Z©S>mBH$ Ûmam grIZo Ho$ ‘yb {Z¶‘ H$s Cnojm H$aHo$
 àJʶ A{YJ‘ Ho$ {gÕmÝV
AmbmoMZm H$s h¡& JwWar H$m {dídmg h¡ {H$ A{YJ‘ gå~ÝYr g^r {Z¶‘m| H$mo
EH$ hr {Z¶‘ Ho$ AÝVJ©V XoIm Om gH$Vm h¡&
JwWar Zo à¶moJ n[aUm‘ na AmYm[aV ¶h {ZîH$f© kmV {H$¶m h¡ {H$
CÎmoOH$ VWm à{V{H«$¶m ‘| gå~ÝY gd©àW‘ à¶mg go hr ñWm{nV hmo OmVm h¡&
Bg àH$ma H$s ì¶m»¶m JwWar VWm hm°Q>©Z Ûmam {~ëbr na {H$¶o J¶o à¶moJ Ho$
AmYma na H$s JB© Wr& JwWar Ho$ à¶moJ go {~ëbr {Og àH$ma H$s J{V go {nÝOao
Ho$ ~mha {ZH$bH$a ImZm ImVr h¡, Aݶ à¶mgm| go dhr {H«$¶m ~ma-~ma XþhamVr
h¡, {Og {H«$¶m H$mo CgZo àW‘ ~ma H$aHo$ {nÝOao go ~mha {ZH$bH$a ImZm
àmá {H$¶m Wm& A{YJ‘ H$s g‘m{á H$s ì¶m»¶m JwWar gmhM¶© Ho$ hr AmYma na
H$aVo h¢& ¶{X CÎmoOH$ à{V{H«$¶m ‘| gmhM¶© hmo OmZo Ho$ ~mX ^r CÎmoOH$ Ho$ à{V
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H$moB© Xÿgar J{V {gIm¶r OmVr h¡, Vmo ZdrZ J{V H$mo Adamo{YV H$a XoVr h¡&
6.10 CÔrnZ-CÔrnZ {gÕmÝV AWdm
g§kmZmË‘H$ {gÕmÝV
BZ {gÕmÝVm| H$m à{VnmXZ ì¶dhmadmXr ÑpîQ>H$moU (CÔrnZ-AZw{H«$¶m
gå~ÝY) Ho$ {damoY Ho$ ’$bñdê$n {H$¶m J¶m h¡& BZ {gÕmÝVm| Ho$ à{VnmXZ
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H$aZo dmbo ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| H$m {dMma h¡ {H$ grIZo H$s à{H«$¶m ‘| ¶ÝÌdV² à{H«$¶m
Zht hmoVr, daZ² grIZm, AÝVÑ©pîQ> AWdm gyP, g‘P, VH©$, ñ‘¥{V Am¡a Aݶ
‘mZ{gH$ {H«$¶mAm| Ho$ ’$bñdê$n hmoVm h¡& BZ {gÕmÝVm| Ho$ AZwgma grIZo H$s
n[apñW{V ‘| H$B© g‘ñ¶mE± ¶m CÔrnZ hmoVo h¢& grIZo dmbo ì¶p³V H$mo BZ
CÔrnZm| Ho$ AW© Ed§ BZ‘§o hmoZo dmbo gå~ÝYm| H$mo g‘PZm hmoVm h¡& O~ dh
BZHo$ AW© Am¡a BZ‘| hmoZo dmbo gå~ÝYm| H$mo g‘P boVm h¡, Vmo CgHo$ ‘pñVîH$
‘| g^r g‘ñ¶mAm| (CÔrnZm|) H$m EH$ g§kmZmË‘H$ Z³em {dH${gV hmo OmVm h¡
Am¡a Bgo hr gr»mZm H$hVo h¢& Bg‘| ì¶p³V H$s ‘mZ{gH$ {H«$¶mAm| H$s ^y{‘H$m
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‘w»¶ hmoVr h¡& Bg loUr ‘| dXu‘a, H$mohba, H$moâH$m, {n¶mOo, Q>m°b‘¡Z,
Cgy~ob, ~y«Za Am{X Ho$ {gÕmÝV AmVo h¢& Hw$N> à‘wI CÔrnZ-CÔrnZ {gÕmÝV
AWdm g§kmZmË‘H$ {gÕmÝV {ZåZ{b{IV h¢-
1. gyP H$m {gÕmÝV
2. g§kmZmË‘H$ {dH$mg {gÕmÝV
3. d¡ÊSw>am H$m gm‘m{OH$ grIZo H$m {gÕmÝV
4. H$Q>© bo{dZ H$m joÌ {gÕmÝV
5. A{YJ‘ H$m gmBZ-J¡ñQ>mëQ> {gÕmÝV
6. ~y«Za H$m A{YJ‘ {gÕmÝV
6.11 gyP H$m {gÕmÝV
Bg {gÕmÝV H$mo g‘J«mH¥${V H$m {gÕmÝV, AÝVÑ©pîQ> {gÕmÝV, JoñQ>mëQ>
{gÕmÝV Am{X Zm‘m| go ^r OmZm OmVm h¡& O‘©Z ^mfm Ho$ eãX JoñQ>mëQ> H$m
AW© h¡- AmH$ma, g§aMZm AWdm à{Vê$n& Bg {gÕmÝV H$m à{VnmXZ {deofH$a
dXu‘a, H$moâH$m Am¡a H$mohba Zo {H$¶m& Bg {gÕmÝV Ho$ AZwgma ì¶p³V
AWdm àmUr {H$gr ^r à{H«$¶m H$mo gyP Ûmam grIVm h¡& gyP H$mo AÝVÑ©pîQ>
^r H$hVo h¢& O~ ^r àmUr AWdm ì¶p³V Hw$N> grIVm h¡, Vmo dh grIZo go
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
n¥îR> 87
gå~pÝYV ha n[apñW{V Ed§ nhby H$mo g‘PZo H$s H$mo{ee H$aVm h¡& BgHo$ {bE
dh n[apñW{V Ho$ à˶oH$ nhby H$mo ZE T>§J go g‘P H$a CZHo$ ‘ܶ Amngr
gå~ÝYm| H$mo g‘PZo H$s H$mo{ee H$aVm h¡ Am¡a BZHo$ AmYma na CÝh| g§J{R>V
H$aZo H$m à¶mg H$aVm h¡& Bgr Xm¡amZ CgHo$ ‘pñVîH$ ‘| AMmZH$ H$moB© {dMma
H$m¢YVm h¡, {OgHo$ Ûmam dh AnZr grIZo H$s à{H«$¶m H$mo nyar H$aVm h¡& Bg
AMmZH$ H$m¢YZo dmbo {dMma H$mo gyP ¶m AÝVÑ©pîQ> H$hVo h¢& ¶h gyP AMmZH$
hmoVr h¡, CgHo$ {bE {H$gr Aä¶mg H$s Amdí¶H$Vm Zht hmoVr& ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$
’$Zm©ëS> Am¡a ’$Zm©ëS> Ho$ AZwgma -
gyP H$m VmËn¶© Bg ~mV go h¡ {H$ g‘ñ¶m H$m g‘mYmZ CÔrnZ-AZw{H«$¶m gå~ÝYm|
Ho$ Yrao-Yrao ~ZZo go Zht hmoVm h¡, ~pëH$ CÔrnZm| Ho$ ~rM Ho$ gå~ÝYm| H$mo AMmZH$
g‘PZo go hmoVm h¡&
grIZo dmbo Ho$ AÝXa AMmZH$ CËnÝZ gyP Ûmam àmUr ghr AZw{H«$¶m
H$aVm h¡ Am¡a Bg Vah dh EH$ ~ma ‘| ghr AZw{H«$¶m H$mo H$aZm grI boVm h¡&
¶h {gÕmÝV H$mohba Ûmam {H$E JE Hw$N> à¶moJm| na AmYm[aV h¡&
H$mohba Zo H$B© Vah Ho$ newAm|, dZ‘mZwf, ~ÝXa, ‘wJu VWm Hw$Îmo na à¶moJ {H$E&
H$mohba Zo AnZo BZ à¶moJm| go {ZåZ{b{IV {ZîH$f© {ZH$mbo-
1. grIZo dmbm àmUr AWdm ì¶p³V g~go nhbo gånyU© n[apñW{V H$m
à˶jrH$aU H$aVm h¡&
2. grIZo ‘| àmUr AWdm ì¶p³V gyP H$m à¶moJ H$aVm h¡&
3. grIZo dmbm àmUr AWdm ì¶p³V Ag’$b à¶moJ Ho$ ~mX {dMma
H$aVm h¡, gmoMVm h¡ Am¡a Cgo AMmZH$ g’$b AZw{H«$¶m gyPVr h¡
Am¡a CgH$mo H$aZo Ho$ ~mX CgH$m grIZm nyU© hmoVm h¡&
4. g‘ñ¶m H$m hb EH$ à¶mg ‘| ^r hmo gH$Vm h¡ Am¡a H$B© à¶mgm|
Ûmam ^r&
5. gyP Ûmam grIZo ‘| àmUr AWdm ì¶p³V {^ÝZ-{^ÝZ àH$ma Ho$
ì¶dhma H$aVm h¡ Am¡a à˶oH$ ì¶dhma AÝdofUmË‘H$ ì¶dhma hmoVm
h¡&
6. O~ àmUr AWdm ì¶p³V g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ Ho$ {bE {^ÝZ-{^ÝZ
àH$ma Ho$ AÝdofUmË‘H$ ì¶dhma H$aZo Ho$ níMmV² ^r g’$b Zht
hmoVm h¡, Vmo dh Wmo‹S>r Xoa Ho$ {bE CXmg hmo OmVm h¡ Am¡a {ZpîH«$¶
hmoH$a MwnMmn ~¡R> OmVm h¡&
7. H$mohba Ho$ AZwgma O~ àmUr AWdm ‘Zwî¶ bJmVma Ag’$bVm
Ho$ H$maU {ZpîH«$¶ hmoH$a ~¡R> OmVm h¡, Vmo Hw$N> g‘¶ Ho$ ~mX Cgo
AMmZH$ g‘ñ¶m H$m hb gyPVm h¡& ¶h gyP AnZo Amn Am OmVr
h¡ Am¡a dh g‘ñ¶m H$m hb H$a boVm h¡& gyP CËnÝZ hmoZo go
ì¶p³V H$mo bú¶ Am¡a Cnm¶ Ho$ ‘ܶ EH$ gå~ÝY ñnîQ> {XImB©
XoZo bJVm h¡&
8. H$mohba Zo gyP Ûmam grIo JE kmZ Ho$ ñWmZmÝVaU Ho$ JwU H$mo
naIZo Ho$ {bE EH$ narjU {H$¶m& Bggo CÝhm|Zo ¶h {ZîH$f©
{ZH$mbm {H$ gyP Ûmam grIZo H$m ñWmZmÝVaU hmoVm h¡& Bg àH$ma
grIZo H$s à{H«$¶m O~ gyP Ûmam hmoVr h¡, Vmo dh AMmZH$ hmoVr h¡&
H$mohba Zo BZ g~ {ZîH$fm] H$mo g§J{R>V ê$n ‘| g‘J«mH¥${V {gÕmÝV H$s
g§km Xr& Bg à{H«$¶m ‘| gyP Ûmam grIm OmVm h¡& Bg{bE Hw$N> ‘Zmodk ¡ m{ZH$ Bgo
gyP H$m {gÕmÝV H$hVo h¢ Am¡a Bg àH$ma Ho$ grIZo H$mo gyP Ûmam grIZm H$hVo h¢&
 n¥îR> 88 A{YJ‘ Ho$ {gÕmÝV
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6.11.1 H$mohba Ho$ à¶moJ
H$mohba Ho$ à¶moJm| H$m {d{YdV² Aܶ¶Z H$aHo$ CgHo$ gyP ¶m AÝVÑ©pîQ> Ho$ {gÕmÝV
H$mo ñnîQ> ê$n go g‘Pm Om gH$Vm h¡& H$mohba Zo Q>{o Z[a’$ Ûrn ‘| N>h ^yIo dZ‘mZwfm|
H$mo EH$ bH$‹S>r Ho$ H$Q>Kao ‘| aIH$a AnZm à¶moJ àmaå^ {H$¶m& BZ N>h dZ‘mZwfm| ‘|
EH$ gdm©{YH$ ~w{Õ‘mZ dZ‘mZwf H$m M¶Z {H$¶m, {OgH$m Zm‘ H$mohba Zo gwëVmZ
aIm& H$mohba Zo AnZo A{YH$m§e à¶moJ gwëVmZ na hr {H$E& H$mohba Zo AnZo
A{YJ‘ {gÕmÝV H$mo ñnîQ> H$aZo Ho$ {bE gwëVmZ Ho$ gm‘Zo Xmo àH$ma H$s g‘ñ¶m¶|
H«$‘e… N>S‹ >r g‘ñ¶m VWm ~³gm g‘ñ¶m àñVwV H$s-
1. N>‹S>r g‘ñ¶m gå~ÝYr à¶moJ
H$mohba Zo gwëVmZ Zm‘H$ dZ‘mZwf H$mo EH$ {nÝOao ‘| ~ÝX H$aHo$ Cgo nmg
EH$ ZwH$sbr N>‹S>r aI Xr VWm {nÝOao Ho$ ~mha Ho$bo BVZr Xÿa aIo {H$ dZ‘mZwf
hmW ’¡$bmH$a CÝh| àmá Z H$a gHo$& ^yIo dZ‘mZwf Zo AnZo hmW ’¡$bmH$a
Ho$bo àmßV H$aZo H$m à¶mg {H$¶m, bo{H$Z dh g’$b Zht hmo gH$m& ^yI go
ì¶mHw$b dZ‘mZwf H$s ZOa H$Q>Ka ‘| aIr hþB© N>‹S>r na n‹S>r& N>‹S>r H$mo CR>mH$a
CgHo$ ghmao dh Ho$bo AnZo g‘rn ItMH$a VWm CZgo AnZr jwYm emÝV
H$aHo$ gÝVwîQ> hmo J¶m& BgHo$ níMmV² H$mohba Zo {nÝOao ‘| Xmo N>[‹S>¶m± aIr, Omo
EH$ Xÿgao ‘| {’$Q> hmoH$a bå~r hmo gH$Vr Wr& {nÝOao Ho$ ~mha A~ AnojmH¥$V
A{YH$ Xÿar na Ho$bo aIo JE& ^yIo dZ‘mZwf Zo nwZ… hmW ’¡$bmH$a Ho$bo àmá
H$aZo Mmho, bo{H$Z dh AnZo à¶mg ‘| g’$b Zht hþAm& nwZ… CgZo ~‹S>r N>‹S>r
H$mo nH$‹S>H$a Ho$bo àmßV H$aZo Mmho {’$a ^r Cgo Ho$bm| H$s àm{á ‘| g’$bVm
Zht {‘br& Ho$bo nmZo H$s ì¶mHw$bVm ‘| dh XmoZm| N>{‹S>¶m| go IobZo bJm& EH$mEH$
N>moQ>r N>‹S>r, ~‹S>r N>‹S>r ‘| {’$Q> hmo JB©, {OgHo$ ’$bñdê$n N>‹S>r bå~r hmo JB©
Am¡a A~ Bg bå~r N>‹S>s H$s ghm¶Vm go dh Ho$bo nmZo ‘| g’$b hmo J¶m VWm
CÝh| ImH$a dh gÝVwîQ> hþAm& Xÿgao {XZ nwZ… dZ‘mZwf H$mo Cgr pñW{V ‘| aIm
J¶m, Vmo nm¶m J¶m {H$ dh {~Zm A{YH$ g‘¶ bJm¶o N>{‹S>¶m| H$mo Omo‹S>H$a erK«
Ho$bm| H$mo ItM boVm h¡& dZ‘mZwf Zo AnZr g‘ñ¶m H$m g‘mYmZ EH$mEH$ {‘br
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
àJʶ
gyP H$s ghm¶Vm go {H$¶m& g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ hoVw gyP {‘bZo go nhbo dZ‘mZwf
Zo {nÝOao H$s pñW{V, Ho$bo H$s Xÿar, N>‹S>r H$s bå~mB© Am{X ‘| gå~ÝY ñWm{nV
H$aHo$ gyP Ûmam g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ H$aHo$ bú¶ H$mo àmá {H$¶m& h‘mao A{YJ‘
‘| Bg àH$ma gyP H$m VÎd ‘w»¶ hmoVm h¡&
2. ~³gm g‘ñ¶m gå~ÝYr à¶moJ
H$mohba ‘hmoX¶ Zo ^yIo gwëVmZ Zm‘H$ {Mån¡ÝOr ¶m dZ‘mZwf H$mo EH$ {nÝOao
‘| ~ÝX H$a {X¶m& {nÝOao H$s N>V ‘| Hw$N> Ho$bo Bg àH$ma Q>m±J {XE {H$ hmW
’¡$bmZo na ^r do CgH$s nhþ±M Ho$ ~mha Wo& {nÝOao ‘| VrZ-VrZ Imbr ~³go
S>mb {XE OmVo h¡& dZ‘mZwf Ho$bm| H$mo XoIH$a CN>b-Hy$X H$a CZH$mo àmá H$aZo
H$m à¶mg H$aVm h¡& dh Ho$bm| H$mo àmá H$aZo ‘| AnZo H$mo Ag’$b nmVm h¡&
ì¶mHw$bVm ‘| Hw$N> g‘¶ níMmV² dh ’$e© na n‹S>o hþE Imbr ~³gm| H$mo XoIVm h¡&
nhbo dh EH$ ~³go H$mo Ho$bo Ho$ ZrMo aIVm h¡ Am¡a Cg na M‹T>H$a Ho$bo àmá
H$aZo H$m à¶mg H$aVm h¡, bo{H$Z Cgo g’$bVm Zht {‘bVr h¡& Hw$N> g‘¶ ~mX
dh Xÿgam ~³gm nhbo ~³go na aIH$a Ho$bo àmá H$aZo H$m à¶mg H$aVm h¡, na
{’$a ^r Cgo g’$bVm Zht {‘bVr h¡& BgHo$ níMmV dh nwZ… gånyU© n[apñW{V
H$m Aܶ¶Z H$aVm h¡ Am¡a AMmZH$ Vrgam ~³gm ^r Cgo {XImB© XoVm h¡& dh
Vrgao ~³go H$mo Xÿgao na aIH$a Cg na M‹T> OmVm h¡ Am¡a Ho$bo àmá H$aZo ‘|
g’$b hmo OmVm h¡& Xÿgao {XZ ^r ^yIo dZ‘mZwf H$mo Bgr pñW{V ‘| aIm OmVm
h¡, Vmo dh Ho$bm| H$mo nhbo H$s Anojm H$‘ g‘¶ ‘o§ hr àmá H$a boVm h¡&
H$mohba Ho$ Cn¶w©³V XmoZm| à¶moJm| go ¶h ñnîQ> hmoVm h¡ {H$ gyP {gÕmÝV Ho$
AÝVJ©V A{YJ‘ H$s {H«$¶m ‘pñVîH$ Ho$ Xmo ñVam| na gånm{XV hmoVr h¡-
1. à˶j kmZmË‘H$ ñVa na A{YJ‘- à˶j kmZmË‘H$ ñVa na
àmUr kmZopÝжm| H$s ghm¶Vm go g‘J« n[apñW{V H$m à˶j kmZ
hmoZo na à{V{H«$¶m H$aVm h¡, V~ dh grIVm h¡& H$mohba Ho$ ~³go
gå~ÝYr à¶moJ ‘| A{YJ‘ H$s {H«$¶m à˶j kmZmË‘H$ ñVa na
gånm{XV hmoVr h¡&
2. à˶¶mË‘H$ ñVa na A{YJ‘- à˶¶mË‘H$ ñVa na A{YJ‘ H$s
{H«$¶m ‘| ‘pñVîH$ V~ ghm¶Vm H$aVm h¡, O~ {H$gr Ho$ gm‘Zo
O{Q>b g‘ñ¶m CËnÝZ hmo OmVr h¡ Am¡a emar[aH$ j‘VmAm| Ho$ gmW
~w{Õ H$m ghmam boZm n‹S>Vm h¡& H$mohba Ho$ N>‹S>r gå~ÝYr à¶moJ ‘|o
A{YJ‘ H$s {H«$¶m à˶¶mË‘H$ ñVa na gånm{XV hmoVr h¡&
6.11.2 dXu‘a H$m à¶moJ
dXu‘a Zo 1880 ‘| {dkmnZmo§ Ho$ g§Ho$Vm| ‘| bmBQ> Ho$ Ky‘Zo Ho$ Ñí¶ H$m Aܶ¶Z
{H$¶m& BZ {dkmnZm| ‘| bmBQ> EH$ ñWmZ go Xÿgao ñWmZ H$s Amoa MbVr ZOa
AmVr h¡, O~{H$ dmñVd ‘| EH$ Ho$ AÝVa dmbo ~ë~ gmW ObVo h¢ Am¡a Aݶ
 àJʶ A{YJ‘ Ho$ {gÕmÝV
~ë~ ~ÝX hmoVo h¢& Bg àH$ma ¶{X ~ë~ 1,3,5,7, ObVo h¢, Vmo 2,4,6,8
g§»¶m dmbo ~ë~ ~ÝX hmoVo h¢& à{Vnb ~ë~m| H$m EH$ Ho$ AÝVa go ObZm Ed§
~ÝX hmoZm Eogm àH$Q> H$aVm h¡ {H$ ~ë~ H$s bmBQ> Mb ahr h¡& Bg Ñí¶ go
ñnîQ> hmoVm h¡ {H$ gånyU© {H$g àH$ma CgHo$ ^mJm| go {^ÝZVm aIVm h¡& Bg
{gÕmÝV ‘| Bg ~mV na ~b {X¶m J¶m h¡ {H$ gånyU© Ho$ JwU CgHo$ A§Jm| H$m
à˶jrH$aU H$aZo H$mo à^m{dV H$aVo h¢ Am¡a g‘¶ H$s {deofVmAm| H$m nVm
CgHo$ {d{^ÝZ VÎdm| H$s {deofVmAm| Ûmam Zht, A{nVw CgH$s AmÝV[aH$ àH¥${V
Ûmam bJm¶m OmVm h¡&
6.11.3 à¶mg Ed§ Ìw{Q> VWm gyP Ûmam A{YJ‘ ‘| AÝVa
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1. à¶mg Ed§ Ìw{Q> Ûmam grIZo ‘| àmUr n[apñW{V H$mo Zht g‘P nmVm
h¡, O~{H$ gyP Ûmam grIZo ‘| dh Cgo AÀN>r Vah g‘PVm h¡&
2. à¶mg Ed§ Ìw{Q> A{YJ‘ {d[Y emar[aH$ Hw$ebVm na A{YH$ ~b
XoVr h¡ O~{H$ gyP Ûmam A{YJ‘ ‘| ~m¡{ÕH$ Hw$ebVm na Omoa {X¶m
OmVm h¡&
3. à¶mg Ed§ Ìw{Q> {d{Y H$m g^r à¶moJ H$a gH$Vo h¢, O~{H$ gyP {d{Y
Ho$ à¶moJ Ho$ {bE gm‘mݶ ~m¡{ÕH$ ñVa H$s Amdí¶H$Vm hmoVr h¡&
4. à¶mg Am¡a Ìw{Q> {d{Y Ûmam g‘ñ¶m H$m g‘mYmZ H$aZo ‘| g^r
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emar[aH$ A§Jm| H$m {Z¶moOZ Amdí¶H$ hmoVm h¡, O~{H$ gyP {d{Y ‘|
grIZm à˶jrH$aU na {Z^©a hmoVm h¡&
5. à¶mg Ed§ Ìw{Q> {d{Y ‘| ì¶p³V H$s ÑpîQ> bú¶ na ahVr h¡ VWm
{H«$¶m bú¶ àm{á H$s Va’$ hmoVr h¡, O~{H$ gyP {d{Y ‘| MoVZ
{H«$¶mAm| H$s Anojm AMoVZ ‘Z A{YH$ {H«$¶merb hmoVm h¡&
6. à¶mg Ed§ Ìw{Q> {d{Y ‘| XjVm Yrao-Yrao AmVr h¡, O~{H$ gyP {d{Y
‘| XjVm EH$mEH$ {‘b OmVr h¡&
7. à¶mg Ed§ Ìw{Q> {d{Y Aä¶mg Am¡a n[al‘ na {Z^©a h¡, O~{H$ gyP
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{d{Y ‘| g‘ñ¶m H$m hb AMmZH$ àmá hmoVm h¡&
8. à¶mg Ed§ Ìw{Q> {d{Y Aä¶mg àoaUm VWm g§doXZ na {deof ê$n go
{Z^©a h¡, O~{H$ gyP {d{Y à˶jrH$aU na {Z^©a h¡&
9. à¶mg Ed§ Ìw{Q> Ûmam grIZo ‘| à˶oH$ g‘ñ¶m Ho$ CnpñWV hmoZo na
Z¶o {gao go à¶ËZ H$aZm n‹S>Vm h¡& gyP Ûmam kmZ H$m ñWmZmÝVaU
A{YH$ gå^d h¡ VWm àmUr gm‘mݶrH$aU VWm {ddoXrH$aU H$aZo
‘| g‘W© hmoVm h¡&
6.11.4 gyP Ho$ {gÕmÝV H$s {deofVmE±
1. ¶h {gÕmÝV dZ‘mZwf na à¶moJ H$aHo$ à{Vnm{XV {H$¶m J¶m h¡,
{Og‘| Hw$N> ~w{Õ hmoVr h¡ Am¡a gyP hmoVr h¡& Bg{bE ¶h {gÕmÝV
‘Zwî¶ Ho$ grIZo H$s à{H«$¶m H$s ghr ì¶m»¶m H$aVm h¡& {H$gr ^r
Am¶w Ho$ ‘Zwî¶m| ‘| ~w{Õ hmoVr h¡, gyP hmoVr h¡ Am¡a do àm¶… gyP
Ûmam hr grIVo h¢&
2. ¶h {gÕmÝV {H$gr ^r dñVw, pñW{V AWdm {H«$¶m Ho$ CgHo$ nyU©
ê$n ‘| à˶jrH$aU na ~b XoVm h¡& {H$gr ^r Am¶w Ho$ ‘Zwî¶ {H$gr
^r dñVw, pñW{V AWdm {H«$¶m H$m à˶jrH$aU àm¶… CgHo$ nyU©
ê$n ‘| hr H$aVo h¢&
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
n¥îR> 89
3. ¶h {gÕmÝV nyU© go A§e H$s Amoa MbH$a grIZo na ~b XoVm h¡,
à˶jrH$aU nyU© H$m, kmZ CgHo$ EH$-EH$ A§e H$m& Bg àH$ma
grIm hþAm kmZ ñnîQ> Ed§ ñWm¶r hmoVm h¡&
4. ¶h {gÕmÝV g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ na ~b XoVm h¡& Bggo VrZ bm^ hmoVo
h¢- nhbm ¶h {H$ Bg {d{Y go gyP AWdm g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ go
grIm hþAm kmZ ñWm¶r hmoVm h¡, Xÿgam ¶h {H$ Bg {d{Y go grIo
hþE kmZ H$m Xÿgar n[apñW{V¶m| ‘| à¶moJ {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡ Am¡a
Vrgam ¶h {H$ Bg {d{Y go grIZo dmbo AnZo OrdZ ‘| AmZo dmbr
g‘ñ¶mAm| H$m hb H$aZo ‘| g’$b hmoVo h¢&
5. gyP H$m ~w{Õ go gå~ÝY hmoVm h¡& A{YH$ ~w{Õ dmbo àm{U¶m| ‘| gyP
A{YH$ hmoVr h¡& gmW hr gyP Ûmam grIZo ‘| ‘Zwî¶m| Ho$ nyd© Ho$
AZw^dm| H$m ^r à^md n‹S>Vm h¡, na BgH$m ¶h AW© H$Xm{n Zht h¡
{H$ A{YH$ AZw^dr H$s gyP ^r A{YH$ hmoVr h¡&
6.11.5 gyP Ho$ {gÕmÝV H$s H${‘¶m±
1. à˶oH$ kmZ H$mo gyP Ûmam Zht grIm Om gH$Vm& BgHo$ gmW hr
à˶oH$ g‘¶ ^r ì¶p³V gyP Ûmam Zht grI gH$Vm&
2. grIZo ‘| Ho$db gyP hr H$m‘ Zhr§ XoVr, BgHo$ gmW hr AZwHy$b
n[apñW{V¶m± ^r Amdí¶H$ h¢& N>‹S>r, ~m°³g, gr‹T>r Am{X n[apñW{V
H$m {hñgm h¡&
3. ¶h {gÕmÝV grIZo ‘| n[apñW{V H$s ì¶m»¶m Zht H$aVm&
4. Bg {gÕmÝV Ho$ AZwgma g‘ñ¶m g‘mYZ Ho$ {bE Cn¶moJr gmYZ
hmoZo Amdí¶H$ h¢, bo{H$Z grIZm H$^r-H$^r {~Zm gmYZm| Ho$ ^r
hmoVm h¡&
5. ¶h {gÕmÝV à¶mg Ed§ Ìw{Q> H$mo ‘mݶVm Zht XoVm, bo{H$Z grIZo
H$s Bg à{H$¶m ‘| àmaå^ Vmo à¶mg Ed§ Ìw{Q> go hr hmoVm h¡&
6. grIZo Ho$ {bE Ho$db gyP hr Zht, Aä¶mg Ed§ AZw^y{V ^r
Amdí¶H$ hmoVr h¡&
7. Bg {gÕmÝV Ûmam à{Vnm{XV {Z¶‘m| Ho$ AZwgma à˶oH$ àH$ma H$m
A{YJ‘ Zht {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡& O¡go- {bIZm, n‹T>Zm, ~mobZm
Am{X&
8. gyP {gÕmÝV na ~hþV go ~mø H$maH$ à^md S>mbVo h¢& BZ H$maH$m|
‘o§ Hw$N> H«$‘e… emar[aH$ j‘Vm, Am¶w, d¡¶p³VH$ {d{^ÝZVmE±,
d§emZwH«$‘ VWm A{YJ‘ H$s XemE± Am{X h¢&
9. ¶h {gÕmÝV newAm| VWm N>moQ>o ~ÀMm| na bmJy Zht hmoVm h¡&
10. Hw$N> {dÛmZm| H$m ‘mZZm h¡ {H$ AMmZH$ g‘ñ¶m H$m g‘mYmZ g§¶moJ
H$s ~mV h¡, AÝVÑ©pîQ> H$s Zht&
6.11.6 gyP Ho$ {gÕmÝV H$s e¡{jH$ CnmXo¶Vm
1. Bg {gÕmÝV Ho$ AZwgma, grIZm nyU© go A§e H$s Amoa hmoVm h¡&
AV… {ejH$m| H$mo Mm{hE {H$ do ~mbH$m| H$mo {gImVo g‘¶ gånyU©
n[apñW{V H$mo gm‘Zo aIo Am¡a CÝh| AnZr gyP Ûmam grIZo Ho$
{bE àmoËgm{hV H$ao&
2. {ejH$m| H$mo ~ÀMm| H$s Am¶w, n[an³dVm Ed§ ~w{Õ Ho$ AZwê$n hr
CZHo$ gm‘Zo g‘ñ¶m àñVwV H$aZr Mm{hE&
 n¥îR> 90 A{YJ‘ Ho$ {gÕmÝV
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
3. {ejH$m| H$mo n‹T>mVo g‘¶ {ejm{W©¶m| H$mo grIZo Ho$ {bE VËna Am¡a
grIZo H$s à{H«$¶m Ho$ Xm¡amZ CÝh| g‘¶-g‘¶ na àmoËgm{hV H$aVo
ahZm Mm{hE&
4. gyP Am¡a ~w{Õ ‘| gå~ÝY hmoVm h¡& Bg{bE ~ÀMm| H$s nmR²>¶gm‘J«r
H$m {Z‘m©Êm H$aVo g‘¶ CZHo$ ~m¡{ÕH$ {dH$mg H$m ܶmZ aIZm
Mm{hE&
5. gyP H$m gå~ÝY n[an³dVm go ^r hmoVm h¡& Bg{bE nmR²>¶M¶m© H$m
{Z‘m©U H$aVo g‘¶ CZH$s Am¶w Ed§ n[an³dVm H$m ܶmZ aIZm
Mm{hE&
6. Bg {gÕmÝV Ho$ AZwgma grIZo ‘| ~ÀMm| H$s ‘mZ{gH$ ep³V¶m|
O¡go- H$ënZm, VH©$, {MÝVZ VWm gå~ÝY XoIZo H$s ep³V Am{X
H$m {dH$mg hmoVm h¡&
7. ¶h {gÕmÝV ¶m{ÝÌH$ VarH$m| go grIZo H$m IÊS>Z H$aVm h¡, O¡go-
aQ>Zm&
8. Bg {gÕmÝV H$m Cn¶moJ A§H$J{UV, aoImJ{UV, {dkmZ, ì¶mH$aU
Am{X {df¶m| H$s {ejm ‘| ^br-^m±{V {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡&
9. ¶h {gÕmÝV N>mÌm| Ho$ grIZo ‘| ì¶{³VJV {d{^ÝZVmAm| H$mo ‘hÎd
XoVm h¡&
10. ¶h {gÕmÝV N>mÌm| ‘| AÝVÑ©pîQ> ¶m gyP n¡Xm H$aZo ‘| ghm¶H$
hmoVm h¡&
11. ¶h {gÕmÝV N>mÌm| ‘| grIZo H$s Amdí¶H$Vm na ~b XoVm h¡&
12. ¶h {gÕmÝV {H$gr g‘ñ¶m H$m nyU© hb àñVwV H$aZo ‘| ghm¶H$
{gÕ hmoVm h¡&
13. ¶h {gÕmÝV {df¶ dñVw H$m gm‘mݶrH$aU H$aZo ‘| ghm¶H$ hmoVm
h¡&
14. ¶h {gÕmÝV EH$ n[apñW{V ‘| grIo hþE kmZ H$m Xÿgar n[apñW{V
‘| ñWmZmÝVaU H$aZo ‘| ghm¶H$ hmoVm h¡&
15. ¶h {gÕmÝV H$bm, g§JrV Am¡a gm{h˶ H$s {ejm ‘| A{YH$ Cn¶moJr
h¡&
16. ¶h {gÕmÝV AZw^dm| Ho$ g§JR>Z Ed§ nyU©Vm na ~b XoVm h¡&
17. ¶h {gÕmÝV {H$gr g‘ñ¶m H$m àñVwVrH$aU Am§{eH$ ê$n go Z
H$aHo$, ~{ëH $g‘J« ê$n go H$aZo na ~b XoVm h¡&
18. ¶h {gÕmÝV aMZmË‘H$ H$m¶m] ‘| A{YH$ ghm¶Vm Xo gH$Vm h¡&
19. ¶h {gÕmÝV N>mÌm| Ûmam grIr OmZo dmbo gm‘J«r H$mo N>mÌm| Ho$ {bE
CÔoí¶nyU© VWm N>mÌm| Ho$ ñVa Ho$ AZwHy$b ~Zm¶o OmZo na ~b XoVm
h¡&
20. Bg {gÕmÝV go ì¶mdhm[aH$ g‘ñ¶mAm| H$m hb àmá {H$¶m Om
gH$Vm h¡&
6.12 g§kmZmË‘H$ {dH$mg {gÕmÝV
pñdg ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ {n¶mOo ‘yb ê$n go àmUr {dkmZ Ho$ {deofk Wo, naÝVw
AmJo MbH$a CÝhm|Zo Y‘© Ed§ Xe©Z H$m JhZ Aܶ¶Z {H$¶m Am¡a Xe©Z H$s
kmZ ‘r‘m§gm VWm àmUr {dkmZ Ho$ ~rM gå~ÝYm| H$s ImoO H$s, {OgZo CÝh|
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
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àJʶ
‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ ~Zm {X¶m& CÝhm|Zo ¶yamon H$s AZoH$ ‘Zmo{dkmZ à¶moJembmAm| ‘|
H$m¶© {H$¶m& CÝhm|Zo g§{H«$¶m ’«$mÝg ‘| {~Zo Ho$ gmW ^r H$B© df© VH$ H$m¶© {H$¶m
Wm& CÝhm|Zo ~w{Õ Ho$ {df¶ ‘| Mbr Am ahr nyd©YmaUm {H$ ~w{Õ OÝ‘OmV hmoVr
h¡, H$m IÊS>Z {H$¶m Am¡a ~mb{H«$¶mAm| H$m ~‹S>r ~marH$s go Aܶ¶Z H$a Bg
n[aUm‘ na nhþ±Mo {H$ O¡go-O¡go ~ÀMo H$s Am¶w ~‹T>Vr OmVr h¡ Am¡a CgH$m
H$m¶© joÌ ~‹T>Vm OmVm h¡, d¡go-d¡go CgH$s ~w{Õ H$m ^r {dH$mg hmoVm OmVm
h¡& CÝhm|Zo ñnîQ> {H$¶m {H$ ~ÀMm àmaå^ ‘o§ gab à˶¶m| H$mo hr J«hU H$aVm
h¡, naÝVw O¡go-O¡go ~‹S>m hmoVm OmVm h¡, H${R>Z go H${R>ZVa à˶¶m| H$mo J«hU
H$aZo bJVm h¡& hm±, ¶h ~mV Adí¶ h¡ {H$ BZ g~go grIZo Ho$ {bE Cn¶w³V
dmVmdaU Ed§ {H«$¶mE± Amdí¶H$ hmoVr h¢&
{n¶mOo Zo ñnîQ> {H$¶m {H$ grIZm H$moB© ¶mpÝÌH$ {H«$¶m Zht h¡ O¡gm
{H$ Wm°Z©S>mBH$ Am¡a nmdbm°d Am{X gå~ÝYdmXr ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| Zo ‘mZm h¡, naÝVw
¶h EH$ ~m¡{ÕH$ à{H«$¶m h¡, gåà˶¶ {Z‘m©U H$s à{H«$¶m h¡ Am¡a ¶h gåà˶¶
{Z‘m©U ~ÀÀmm| H$s Am¶w Ho$ AZwgma gab gåà˶¶m| go H${R>Z gåà˶¶m| Ho$
H«$‘ ‘| hmoVm h¡, ~ÀMm| H$m ‘pñVîH$ O¡go-O¡go {dH${gV hmoVm OmVm h¡, CZ‘|
gab go AnojmH¥$V O{Q>b à˶¶m| H$m {Z‘m©U Ed§ CZH$s Cn¶mo{JVm H$s j‘Vm
{dH${gV hmoVr OmVr h¡& Bgo ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ à˶¶$ {Z‘m©U H$m {gÕmÝV H$hVo
h¢& CÝhm|Zo AmJo ñnîQ> {H$¶m {H$ ~mbH$m| ‘| dmñV{dH$Vm Ho$ {df¶ ‘| {MÝVZ
H$aZo H$s ep³V Z Ho$db CZHo$ n[an³dVm ñVa na {Z^©a H$aVr h¡ Am¡a Z
Ho$db CZHo$ AZw^dm| na {Z^©a H$aVr h¡, A{nVw BZ XmoZm| H$s AÝV…{H«$¶m
Ûmam {ZYm©[aV hmoVr h¡& Bgo ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ ^mfm ‘| AÝV…{H«$¶mdmXr {dMmaYmam
H$hVo h¢&
6.12.1 {gÕmÝV Ho$ gåà˶¶
1. AZwHy$bZ
{n¶mOo Zo gd©àW‘ ¶h ~mV ñnîQ> H$s {H$ ~ÀMm| ‘§o AnZo n¶m©daU Ho$ gmW
g‘m¶moOZ H$aZo H$s OÝ‘OmV àd¥[Îm hmoVr h¡, {Ogo AZwHy$bZ H$hVo h¢& CZHo$
AZwgma ~mbH$ àmaå^ go hr n¶m©daU Ho$ gmW AZwHy$bZ H$aZo bJVm h¡&
{n¶mOo Ho$ AZwgma AZwHy$bZ H$s à{H«$¶m Xmo Cnà{H«$¶mAm| ‘| hmoVr h¡- EH$
AmË‘gmË‘rH$aU Am¡a Xÿgar g‘m¶moOZ& AmË‘gmË‘rH$aU EH$ Eogr à{H«$¶m
h¡, {Og‘| ~mbH$ g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ Ho$ {bE nyd© grIr ¶moOZmAm| ¶m ‘mZ{gH$
à{H«$¶mAm| H$m ghmam boVm h¡& BgHo$ {dnarV g‘m¶moOZ Eogr à{H«$¶m h¡, Omo
nyd© ‘| grIr ¶moOZm ¶m ‘mZ{gH$ n«{H«$¶mAm| go H$m‘ Z MbZo na g‘m¶moOZ
Ho$ {bE H$s OmVr h¡&
2. gmå¶YmaU
gmå¶YmaU go {n¶mOo H$m VmËn¶© EH$ Eogr à{H«$¶m go h¡, {OgHo$ Ûmam ~mbH$
AmË‘gmË‘rH$aU Am¡a g‘m¶moOZ H$s à{H«$¶mAm| Ho$ ~rM gÝVwbZ H$m¶‘ H$aVm
h¡& {n¶mOo Ho$ AZwgma O~ ~ÀMo Ho$ gm‘Zo H$moB© ZB© g‘ñ¶m CnpñWV hmoVr
h¡, Vmo Cg‘| g§kmZmË‘H$ AgÝVwbZ CËnÝZ hmoVm h¡, {Ogo Xÿa H$aZo Ho$ {bE
dh AmË‘gmË‘rH$aU ¶m g‘m¶moOZ ¶m ¶o XmoZm| à{H«$¶mE± H$aZm àmaå^ H$a
XoVm h¡& {n¶mOo Zo ¶h ñnîQ> {H$¶m h¡ {H$ gmå¶YmaU H$s à{H$¶m ~ÀMm| Ho$ nyd©
AZw^dm| na hr {Z^©a Zht H$aVr, A{nVw CZH$s emar[aH$ n[an³dVm na ^r
 àJʶ A{YJ‘ Ho$ {gÕmÝV n¥îR> 91

{Z^©a H$aVr h¡& OmVr h¡ Am¡a EH$-Xÿgao Ho$ gmW g‘pÝdV hmoVr h¡& BZ AZw{H«$¶mAm|
3. g§ajU H$mo à‘wI Bg{bE H$hm OmVm h¡, ³¶m|{H$$ ¶o ~ÀMm| Ho$ eara H$s
g§ajU go {n¶mOo H$m VmËn¶© n¶m©daU ‘| n[adV©Z VWm pñWaVm BZ XmoZm| H$mo à‘wI AZw{H«$¶mE± hmoVr h¢ Am¡a BÝh| d¥Îmr¶ Bg{bE H$hm OmVm h¡,
nhMmZZo Ed§ g‘PZo H$s j‘Vm VWm {H$gr dñVw Ho$ ñdê$n ‘| n[adV©Z H$mo Cg ³¶m|{H$ BÝh| ~ma-~ma XmohamVo h¢& Bg AdñWm VH$ Ho$ ~ÀMo AnZo
AZw^dm| H$mo {~Zm ^¶ Ho$ A{^춳V H$aVo h¢&
dñVw Ho$ VÎd ‘| n[adV©Z go AbJ H$aZo H$s j‘Vm go h¡&
3. Jm¡U d¥Îmr¶ AZw{H«$¶mAm| H$s AdñWm - ¶h AdñWm 4 ‘mh go 6
4. g§kmZmË‘H$ g§aMZm ‘mh VH$ H$s AdñWm hmoVr h¡& Bg AdñWm ‘| ~ÀMo dñVwAm| H$mo
{n¶mOo Ho$ AZwgma g§kmZmË‘H$ g§aMZm go VmËn¶© ~mbH$ Ho$ ‘mZ{gH$ g§JR>Z ñne© H$aZo Am¡a BÝh| BYa-CYa H$aZo H$s AZw{H«$¶mE± H$aVo h¢ Am¡a
go h¡& gmW hr Hw$N> Eogr AZw{H«$¶mE± H$aVo h¢, {OZgo CÝh| gwI {‘bVm
5. ‘mZ{gH$ à{H«$¶m h¡& 6 ‘mh Ho$ hmoVo-hmoVo ~ÀMo XoIr JB© dñVw Ho$ A^md ‘| ^r CgHo$
hmoZo H$mo OmZZo bJVo h¢&

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{n¶mOo Ho$ AZwgma ‘mZ{gH$ g§{H«$¶m go VmËn¶© ~mbH$ Ûmam g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ
Ho$ {bE {H$E OmZo dmbo {MÝVZ go h¡& 4. Jm¡U ñH$s‘oQ>mo Ho$ g‘Ýd¶ H$s AdñWm - ¶h AdñWm 8 ‘mh go 12
‘mh VH$ H$s AdñWm h¡& Bg AdñWm ‘| ~ÀMm CÔoí¶ Am¡a CgH$mo
6. ñH$såg
àmá H$aZo Ho$ gmYZ ‘| AÝVa H$aZo bJVm h¡ Am¡a gmW hr AnZo
{n¶mOo Zo ì¶dhmamo| Ho$ CZ g§J{R>V n¡Q>Zm] H$mo ñH$såg H$s g§km Xr h¡, {OÝh|
go ~‹S>m| H$s {H«$¶mAm| H$m AZwH$aU H$aZo bJVm h¡& Bg AdñWm ‘|
gabVm go Xmoham¶m Om gHo$& ñnîQ> h¡ {H$ ñH$såg ‘mZ{gH$ g§{H«$¶m H$m ~ÀMo Omo ñH$s‘m grIVo h¢, CZH$m gm‘mݶrH$aU ^r H$aZo bJVo h¢&
A{^ì¶p³V ê$n h¡& 5. V¥Vr¶ d¥Îmr¶ AZw{H«$¶mAm| H$s AdñWm - ¶h AdñWm 12 ‘mh go
7. ñH$s‘m 18 ‘mh VH$ H$s AdñWm h¡& Bg AdñWm ‘| ~ÀMo dñVwAm| Ho$ JwUm|
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ñH$s‘m go {n¶mOo H$m VmËn¶© EH$ Eogr ‘mZ{gH$ g§aMZm go h¡, {OgH$m H$mo à¶mg Ed§ Ìw{Q> Ûmam grIH$a OmZVo h¢&
gm‘mݶrH$aU {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡& 6. ‘mZ{gH$ g§¶moJ Ûmam ZE gmYZm| H$s ImoO H$s AdñWm - ¶h
8. {dHo$ÝÐU AdñWm 18 ‘mh go 24 ‘mh VH$ H$s AdñWm h¡& Bg AdñWm
{dHo$ÝÐU go {n¶mOo H$m VmËn¶© {H$gr dñVw Ho$ {df¶ ‘| dñVw{ZîR> T>§J go gmoMZo ‘| ~ÀMo XoIr JB© dñVw H$s AZwnpñW{V ‘| ^r CgHo$ ApñVËd H$mo
g‘PZo bJVo h¢&
H$s j‘Vm go h¡& {n¶mOo Ho$ AZwgma ~mbH$ ‘| Bg j‘Vm H$m {dH$mg 2 df© H$s
Am¶w ‘| ewê$ hmo OmVm h¡& 2. àmH²$ g§{H«$¶mË‘H$ AdñWm
{n¶mOo Zo g§kmZmË‘H$ {dH$mg H$s ÑpîQ> go 2 gmb go 7 gmb H$s AdñWm H$mo
6.12.2 g§kmZmË‘H$ {dH$mg H$s AdñWmE± àmH²$ g§{H«$¶mË‘H$ AdñWm H$hm h¡& Bg AdñWm H$mo {n¶mOo Zo {ZåZ{b{IV Xmo
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{n¶mOo Zo g§kmZmË‘H$ {dH$mg H$mo ‘w»¶ ê$n go Mma H$mbm| ‘| {d^m{OV {H$¶m Cn AdñWmAm| ‘| {d^m{OV {H$¶m h¡-
h¡- 1. àmH²$ gåà˶mË‘H$ Ad{Y - ¶h Ad{Y 2 df© go 4 df© H$s hmoVr
1. g§doXr noer¶ AdñWm h¡& Bg AdñWm ‘| ~ÀMo AnZo BX©-{JX© H$s dñVwAm| Am¡a àm{U¶m|,
2. àmH²$ g§{H«$¶mË‘H$ AdñWm dñVwAm| Am¡a eãXm| ‘| gå~ÝY ñWm{nV H$aZo bJVo h¢& do ¶h g~
3. ‘yV© g§{H«$¶mË‘H$ AdñWm àm¶… AZwH$aÊm Ed§ Iob Ûmam grIVo h¢& {n¶mOo Ho$ AZwgma 4 df©
4. Am¡nMm[aH$ g§{H«$¶mË‘H$ AdñWm VH$ H$s AdñWm Ho$ ~ÀMo g^r {ZOud dñVwAm| H$mo gOrd àm{U¶m|
1. g§doXr noer¶ AdñWm Ho$ ê$n ‘| boVo-g‘PVo h¢& Bgo CÝhm|Zo OrddmX H$s g§km Xr h¡&
Bg AdñWm ‘| hmoZo dmbo g§kmZmË‘H$ {dH$mg H$s Xÿgar {deofVm
{n¶mOo Ho$ AZwgma OÝ‘ go Xmo df© VH$ H$s Am¶w ‘| ~mbH$ AnZr BpÝжm| Ûmam
¶h hmoVr h¡ {H$ ~ÀMo AnZo {dMma H$mo ghr ‘mZVo h¢ Am¡a do Hw$N>
àmW{‘H$ AZw^d àmá H$aVo h¡§& {n¶mOo Zo Bg H$mb H$mo g§doXr noer¶ àmW{‘H$
Eogm g‘PVo h¢ {H$ gmar Xþ{Z¶m± CZHo$ BX©-{JX© hr h¡& Bgo {n¶mOoo
AdñWm H$hm h¡& {n¶mOo Ho$ AZwgma OÝ‘ go 2 df© VH$ ~mbH$ H$m g§kmZmË‘H$
Zo AmË‘Ho$pÝÐVm H$s g§km Xr h¡&
{dH$mg {ZåZ{b{IV N>h CnAdñWmAm| ‘| hmoVm h¡-
2. AÝVX©eu AdñWm - ¶h AdñWm 4 df© go 7 df© VH$ MbVr h¡&
1. ghO {H«$¶mAm| H$s AdñWm - ¶h AdñWm OÝ‘ go 30 {XZ VH$
Bg AdñWm ‘| ~mbH$ ^mfm grIZo bJVo h¢ Am¡a {MÝVZ Ed§ VH©$
H$s AdñWm hmoVr h¡& Bg AdñWm ‘| ~mbH$ Ho$db ghO {H«$¶mE±
H$aZo bJVo h¢, naÝVw CZHo$ {MÝVZ Ed§ VH©$ ‘| H$moB© H«$‘~ÕVm Zht
H$aVm h¡& BZ {H«$¶mAm| ‘| {H$gr ^r dñVw H$mo ‘w±h ‘§o boH$a MygZo H$s
hmoVr& O¡go do 2 # 2 = 4 Vmo g‘PVo h¢, naÝVw 42 = 2 H¡$go hþAm,
{H«$¶m g~go A{YH$ à~b hmoVr h¡&
¶h Zhr§ g‘PVo h¢& 6 df© H$s Am¶w nyar H$aVo-H$aVo ~mbH$m| ‘| ‘yV©
2. à‘wI d¥Îmr¶ AZw{H«$¶mAm| H$s AdñWm - ¶h AdñWm 1 go 4 ‘mh
à˶¶m| Ho$ gmW-gmW A‘yV© à˶¶m| H$m {Z‘m©U ^r hmoZo bJVm h¡&
VH$ H$s hmoVr h¡& 1 ‘mh go 4 ‘mh VH$ Ho$ ~ÀMm| H$s ghO {H«$¶mE±
Hw$N> gr‘m VH$ CZH$s AZw^y{V¶m| Ûmam n[ad{V©V hmoVr h¡, XmohamB©
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
 n¥îR> 92 A{YJ‘ Ho$ {gÕmÝV
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
3. ‘yV© g§{H«$¶mË‘H$ AdñWm
{n¶mOo Zo 7 df© go boH$a 11 df© VH$ H$s Am¶w/AdñWm H$mo ‘yV© g§{H«$¶mË‘H$
AdñWm H$hm h¡& Bg AdñWm ‘| ~ÀMo A{YH$ ì¶mdhm[aH$ Ed§ ¶WmW©dmXr hmoVo
h¢& Bg AdñWm ‘| ~ÀMm| ‘| VH©$ Ed§ g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ H$s j‘Vm H$m {dH$mg
hmoZo bJVm h¢& do ‘yV© g‘ñ¶mAm| Ho$ g‘mYmZ H$mo Ty>±‹T>Zo bJVo h¢, naÝVw A‘yV©
g‘ñ¶mAm| Ho$ {df¶ ‘| Zht gmoM nmVo& Bg AdñWm Ho$ ~ÀMo dñVwAm| H$mo CZHo$
JwUm| Ho$ AmYma na H«$‘~Õ H$aZo bJVo h¢ Am¡a dJuH¥$V H$aZo bJVo h¢, naÝVw
Bg AdñWm Ho$ ~ÀMm| Ho$ {MÝVZ ‘| H«$‘~ÕVm Zht hmoVr h¡&
4. Am¡nMm[aH$ g§{H«$¶mË‘H$ AdñWm
¶h AdñWm 12 df© H$s Am¶w go d¶ñH$ hmoZo VH$ H$s AdñWm h¡& 12 df© Ho$
hmoVo hmoVo ~ÀMm| H$m ‘pñVîH$ n[an³d hmoZo bJVm h¡, CZHo$ {MÝVZ ‘| H«$‘~ÕVm
AmZr ewê$ hmo OmVr h¡ Am¡a O¡go-O¡go CZH$s Am¶w ~‹T>Vr OmVr h¡ Am¡a CZHo$
AZw^d ~‹T>Vo OmVo h¢, d¡go-d¡go CZH$s g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ H$s j‘Vm ^r ~‹T>Vr
OmVr h¡& Bgo {n¶mOo Zo Am¡nMm[aH$ gåà˶¶ {MÝVZ H$s g§km Xr h¡& {n¶mOo
Ho$ AZwgma Bg Am¶w Ho$ ~ÀMo àVrH$mË‘H$ eãXm|, ê$nH$m| Ed§ Cn‘mZm| H$m
Ame¶ ^r g‘PZo bJVo h¢ Am¡a A‘yV© à˶¶m| Ho$ {Z‘m©Êm ‘| D±$Mr-D±$Mr C‹S>mZ
^aZo bJVo h¢& {n¶mOo Ho$ AZwgma à˶¶ {Z‘m©U H$s ¶h {H«$¶m AZdaV ê$n go
‘Zwî¶ Ho$ OrdZ ^a MbVr h¡, naÝVw BgH$m àH$ma Ed§ ñVa CgH$s {ejm Ed§
AZw^dm| na {Z^©a H$aVm h¡&
6.12.3 {n¶mOo Ho$ g§kmZmË‘H$ {dH$mg {gÕmÝV H$s
{deofVmE±
1. {n¶mOo Ho$ Bg {gÕmÝV Ho$ AZwgma grIZm EH$ H«${‘H$ Ed§ Amamohr
à{H«$¶m h¡& A~ ¶h ~mV g^r ñdrH$ma H$aVo h¢&
2. {n¶mOo Ho$ AZwgma grIZo Ho$ {bE n¶m©daU Am¡a {H«$¶m ‘yb
Amdí¶H$VmE± hmoVr h¢& AmO ¶o ~mV ^r g^r ñdrH$ma H$aVo h¢&
3. {n¶mOo Ho$ AZwgma ~mbH$m| ‘| {MÝVZ Ed§ ImoO H$aZo H$s e{³V
CZH$s O¡{dH$ n[an³dVm, AZw^d Ed§ BZ XmoZm| H$s AÝV…{H«$¶mAm|
Ûmam {ZYm©[aV hmoVr h¡&
4. {n¶mOo Ho$ Bg {gÕmÝV Ho$ AZwgma ~mbH$m| Ho$ A‘yV© {MÝVZ na
CZH$s {ejm H$m à^md hmoVm h¡& {ZåZ {ejm ñVa Ho$ ~mbH$m| H$m
A‘yV© {MÝVZ H$‘ hmoVm h¡ Am¡a CÀM {ejm ñVa Ho$ ~mbH$m| H$m
A‘yV© {MÝVZ H$m’$s D±$Mm hmoVm h¡&
5. {n¶mOo Ho$ {gÕmÝV Ho$ AZwgma Am¡nMm[aH$ g§{H«$¶mË‘H$ AdñWm Ho$
~mX ~mbH$ H$s gånyU© ~m¡{ÕH$ e{³V H$m {dH$mg hmo OmVm h¡ Am¡a
dh AnZr ~m¡{ÕH$ j‘VmAm| Ho$ à¶moJ go g‘ñ¶mAm|o H$m g‘mYmZ
H«$‘~Õ Ed§ Vm{H©$H$ T>§J (d¡km{ZH$ T>§J) go H$a gH$Vm h¡&
6.12.4 {n¶mOo Ho$ g§kmZmË‘H$ {dH$mg {gÕmÝV H$s H${‘¶m±
1. {n¶mOo Zo AnZo Bg {gÕmÝV H$m à{VnmXZ ~ÀMm| H$s {H«$¶mAm|
H$m AdbmoH$Z H$aZo Ho$ AmYma na {H$¶m h¡& AV… ¶h {gÕmÝV
ì¶{³V{ZîR> A{YH$ Am¡a dñVw{ZîR> AnojmH¥$V H$‘ h¡&
2. {n¶mOo H$m ¶h {gÕmÝV Bg YmaUm na AmYm[aV h¡ {H$ ‘Zwî¶ Ho$
eara Ho$ {^ÝZ-{^ÝZ A§Jm| H$s Vah CgH$s ~w{Õ H$m {dH$mg ^r
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
àJʶ
Yrao-Yrao hmoVm h¡, O~{H$ ¶h ~mV AnZo ‘| nyU© ê$n go g˶ Zht
h¡& {Ogo {n¶mOo ~w{Õ H$m {dH$mg H$hVo h¢, dh dñVwV… ~m¡{ÕH$
j‘Vm H$m {dH$mg h¡&
3. ¶h {gÕmÝV ~ÀMm| Ho$ Ho$db g§kmZmË‘H$ {dH$mg H$s ì¶m»¶m H$aVm
h¡, CgHo$ H$m¡ebmË‘H$ Ed§ ^mdZmË‘H$ {dH$mg H$s ì¶m»¶m Zht
H$aVm&
4. ¶h {gÕmÝV g§kmZmË‘H$ {dH$mg ‘| ^r Ho$db à˶¶ kmZ Ho$
{dH$mg H$s ì¶m»¶m H$aVm h¡, AV… ¶h AYyam h¡&
5. {n¶mOo H$m ¶h ‘mZZm h¡ {H$ g§kmZmË‘H$ {dH$mg EH$ {deof H«$‘ ‘|
hmoVm h¡& ¶h ^r AnZo ‘| nyU© ê$n go g˶ Zhr§ h¡&
6. {n¶mOo Ho$ {gÕmÝV Ho$ AZwgma ì¶{³V Ho$ g§kmZmË‘H$ {dH$mg H$m
CgH$s O¡{dH$ n[an³dVm go grYm gå~ÝY h¡, bo{H$Z H$B© à¶moJm|
Ed§ emoYm| Zo BgHo$ {dnarV n[aUm‘ {XE h¢&
7. {n¶mOo Ho$ {gÕmÝV Ho$ AZwgma ‘yV© g§{H«$¶mË‘H$ AdñWm go nhbo
~mbH$ Vm{H©$H$ Ed§ H«$‘~Õ {MÝVZ Zhr§ H$a gH$Vm h¡, bo{H$Z H$B©
emoY H$m¶m] Ho$ n[aUm‘ ¶h Xem©Vo h¢ {H$ ~mbH$ Bg AdñWm go nhbo
Vm{H©$H$ {MÝVZ H$a gH$Vo h¢&
6.12.5 {n¶mOo Ho$ g§kmZmË‘H$ {dH$mg {gÕmÝV H$s e¡{jH$
CnmXo¶Vm
1. {n¶mOo Zo ~ÀMm| Ho$ g§kmZmË‘H$ {dH$mg H$mo {d{dY lo{U¶m| ‘|
{d^m{OV {H$¶m h¡& CZHo$ AZwgma {H$gr ^r Am¶w Ho$ {bE nmR²>¶H«$‘
H$m {Z‘m©U CZHo$ g§kmZmË‘H$ {dH$mg Ed§ à˶¶ {Z‘m©U Ho$ AmYma
na H$aZm Mm{hE&
2. ¶h {gÕmÝV Bg ~mV na ~b XoVm h¡ {H$ ~ÀMm| H$mo ñd{H«$¶m Ûmam
grIZo Ho$ Adga XoZo Mm{hE&
3. {n¶mOo Zo {ejm Ho$ joÌ ‘| AZwH$aU Ed§ Iob H$s {H«$¶m Ho$ ‘hÎd H$mo
ñnîQ> {H$¶m& AV… {ejH$m| H$mo AZwH$aU Ed§ Iob {d{Y go n‹T>mZm-
{gImZm Mm{hE&
4. ¶h {gÕmÝV ¶h ñnîQ> H$aVm h¡ {H$ 11 df© H$s AdñWm nyar H$aVo-
H$aVo ~ÀÀmm| ‘| g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ H$s j‘Vm H$m {dH$mg hmoZo bJVm
h¡& AV… 11 df© go ~‹S>o ~ÀMm| H$mo n‹T>mZo-{gImZo Ho$ {bE g‘ñ¶m
g‘mYmZ {d{Y H$m à¶moJ H$aZm Mm{hE&
5. grIZo ‘| àJ{V Z H$aZo dmbo N>mÌm| H$mo XÊS> Zht XoZm Mm{hE&
6. {n¶mOo Ho$ {gÕmÝV Ho$ AZwgma MmbH$ Am¡a A{^àoaUm A{YJ‘ Ed§
{dH$mg Ho$ {bE Amdí¶H$ h¡& AV… {ejH$m| H$mo {ejU-A{YJ‘
à{H«$¶m ‘| BZH$m C{MV à¶moJ H$aZm Mm{hE&
7. {n¶mOo Zo ~w{Õ H$m ‘mnZ CgHo$ ì¶mdhm[aH$ Cn¶moJ (dmVmdaU Ho$
gmW AÝV…{H«$¶m) H$s j‘Vm Ho$ ê$n ‘| {H$¶m h¡& AV… ~w{Õ narjUm|
Ho$ {Z‘m©U ‘| ì¶mdhm[aH$ ê$n ‘| à¶moJ go gå~pÝYV {H«$¶mAm| H$m
Cn¶moJ H$aZm Mm{hE&
8. {n¶mOo Ho$ {gÕmÝV Ho$ kmZ go {ejH$ Ed§ A{^^mdH$ ~mbH$m|
H$s VH©$ Ed§ {dMmaUm e{³V H$s àH¥${V H$mo CZH$s AbJ-AbJ
AdñWmAm| ‘| g‘P Ed§ nhMmZ gH$Vo h¢&
 àJʶ
9. {n¶mOo Ho$ {gÕmÝV Ho$ AZwgma ~mbH$m| H$mo n‹T>mZo-{bImZo Ho$ {bE
Eogo AZw^d Ed§ A{YJ‘ gm‘J«r àñVwV H$aZr Mm{hE, {OÝh| do
AmË‘gmV H$a gHo$ Am¡a AmJo Ho$ Aܶ¶Z Ho$ {bE MwZm¡Vr Ho$ ê$n
‘| gm‘Zo AmE&
10. {n¶mOo Ho$ Bg {gÕmÝV Ho$ AZwgma grIZm ~mbH$ Ho$ ñd¶§ Am¡a
CgHo$ n¶m©daU go AÝV…{H«$¶m Ho$ ’$bñdê$n hmoVm h¡& AV… {ejH$m|
Ed§ A{^^mdH$m| H$mo ~mbH$m| Ho$ {bE C{MV Ed§ àoaUmXm¶H$ dmVmdaU
H$m {Z‘m©U H$aZm Mm{hE&
6.13 d¡ÊSw>am H$m gm‘m{OH$ grIZo H$m {gÕmÝV
à{gÕ A‘o[aH$Z ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ Ab~Q>© d¡ÊSw>am Zo {H$gr ì¶p³V Ûmam Aݶ
ì¶p³V¶m| Ho$ ì¶dhma H$m {ZarjU H$a CZHo$ O¡gm ì¶dhma AnZo ñd^md ‘|
bmZo H$s à{H«$¶m H$mo grIZo Ho$ {bE EH$ ge³V ‘mܶ‘ Ho$ ê$n ‘| ñdrH$ma
{H$¶m& CÝhm|Zo Xÿgam| Ho$ ì¶dhma Ho$ {ZarjU Ûmam grIZo H$mo ‘m°S>qbJ H$s g§km
Xr h¡& grIZo ‘| àojU AWdm {ZarjU Ho$ ‘hÎd H$mo ñdrH$ma H$a d¡ÊSw>am Zo
grIZo Ho$ EH$ ZE {gÕmÝV H$mo à{Vnm{XV {H$¶m, {Ogo d¡ÊSw>am H$m gm‘m{OH$
grIZo H$m {gÕmÝV H$hm OmVm h¡& {gÕmÝV H$m à{VnmXZ H$aVo hþE d¡ÊSw>am
Zo H$hm -
h‘ n¶m©daU ‘| CnbãY {H$gr CÔrnZ Ho$ à{V {~Zm gmoMo g‘Po AZw{H«$¶m Zhr§
H$aVo& h‘ h‘mao Mmam| Amoa {dÚ‘mZ n¶m©daUr¶ VÎdm| ‘| go gyP Ed§ nyd© H$s AZw^y{V¶m|
Ho$ AmYma na Hw$N> H$m M¶Z H$aVo h¢ Am¡a ¶h H$m¶© h‘ h‘mao Mmam| Amoa ahZo dmbo
ì¶p³V¶m| Ho$ ì¶dhmam| H$m {ZarjU H$a CZH$m AZwH$aU H$a H$aVo h¢& Bg àH$ma h‘
àojU Ûmam grIZo H$s à{H«$¶m H$mo nyam H$aVo h¢&
d¡ÊSw>am Zo AnZo {gÕmÝV H$mo ñnîQ> H$aVo hþE H$hm {H$ ‘mZd H$m
ì¶dhma g§kmZmË‘H$, ì¶dhmamË‘H$ VWm n¶m©daUr¶ {ZYm©aH$m| Ho$ ~rM gVV²
AÝV…{H«$¶m H$m à{V’$b hmoVm h¡& CÝhm|Zo ñnîQ> {H$¶m {H$ ‘mZd {H«$¶m ‘| VrZ
H$maH$m| H$m nañna à^md h‘oem n‹S>Vm h¡& ¶o H$maH$ {ZåZ{b{IV h¢ -
1. ~mø dmVmdaU
2. g§kmZmË‘H$ Ed§ AmÝV[aH$ KQ>ZmE±
3. ì¶dhma
¶o VrZm| EH$-Xÿgao na {Z^©a hmoVo h¢ VWm EH$-Xÿgao H$mo à^m{dV H$aVo
h¢& ~mø dmVmdaU ‘| CnpñWV CÔrnZ (Aݶ ì¶{³V¶m| H$m ì¶dhma) Am¡a
ì¶{³V Ho$ dmñV{dH$ ì¶dhma Ho$ ‘ܶ AmÝV[aH$ g§kmZmË‘H$ Mam| H$s ‘hÎdnyU©
^y{‘H$m hmoVr h¡&
6.13.1 d¡ÊSw>am Ho$ à¶moJ
d¡ÊSw>am Zo EH$ à¶moJ {H$¶m, {Og‘| EH$ d¶ñH$ ì¶p³V Ûmam Hw$N> ~ÀMm| Ho$
gm‘Zo EH$ VrZ-Mma ’$sQ> bå~r Jw{‹S>¶m, {Ogo ~mo~ Jw{‹S>¶m H$m Zm‘ {X¶m, H$mo
CN>mbVo hþE, ‘maVo hþE Ed§ CgHo$ à{V AmH«$m‘H$Vm H$aVo hþE {XIbm¶m J¶m&
O~ BZ ~ÀMm| H$mo Cg Jw{‹S>¶m Ho$ gmW AHo$bm N>mo‹S> {X¶m J¶m, Vmo XoIm J¶m
{H$ CZHo$ Ûmam ^r d¡gm hr AmH«$m‘H$ ì¶dhma Cg Jw{‹S>¶m Ho$ gmW {H$¶m J¶m&
Hw$N> ~ÀMm| H$mo Q>r.dr. na Eogo hr AmH«$m‘H$ Ñí¶ {XImE JE, Vmo ¶o ~ÀMo, {OZ
~ÀMm| Zo AmH«$m‘H$ Ñí¶ Zht XoIo, go A{YH$ AmH«$m‘H$ ì¶dhma H$aVo XoIo JE&
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
A{YJ‘ Ho$ {gÕmÝV n¥îR> 93
d¡ÊSw>am Zo AnZo emoY Ed§ à¶moJm| Ho$ AmYma na ¶h ñnîQ> {H$¶m {H$
‘m°S>b Ho$ VrZ H$maH$ A{YH$ ‘hÎdnyU© hmoVo h¢-
1. ‘m°S>b H$s {deofVmE±
2. àojH$ H$s {deofVmE±
3. ì¶dhma Ho$ nwañH$ma n[aUm‘&
‘m°S>b Ed§ àojH$ H$s {deofVmAm| Ho$ gmW ‘m°S>b Ho$ ì¶dhmam| H$m
AZwH$aU H$aZo Ho$ ~mX {‘bZo dmbo nwañH$ma na ‘m°S>qbJ H$s à{V{H«$¶m hmoVr h¡&
Bg àH$ma àojU Ûmam grIZm gm‘m{OH$ grIZo Ho$ {gÕmÝV H$m AmYma
h¡& Bg {gÕmÝV Ûmam ¶h ñnîQ> {H$¶m J¶m {H$ Omo ^r h‘ grIVo h¢, dh Xÿgam|
H$mo XoIZo Am¡a gwZZo Ho$ níMmV² AZwH$aU Ûmam A{O©V H$a grIVo h¢& ~mbH$
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AnZr àmapå^H$ AdñWm go hr Xÿgam| Ho$ ì¶dhma H$m gyú‘Vm go {ZarjU H$aVo
h¢& {OZHo$ ì¶dhma H$m ~mbH$ A{YH$Va {ZarjU H$aVo h¢, do hmoVo h¢-CZHo$
‘mVm-{nVm, n‹S>mg o r, AܶmnH$ Am¡a g‘mO Ho$ ~wOJw © bmoJ Am{X& BZ {ZarjUm| Ho$
’$bñdê$n ~mbH$ CÝht H$m AZwH$aU H$aVo h¢& Bg {gÕmÝV H$m AÀN>m CXmhaU
AmOH$b h‘ {H$emoam| Ed§ ¶wdmAm| ‘§o XoI gH$Vo h¢& A{YH$Va {H$emoa Ed§ ¶wdm
{’$ë‘m| ‘| Am¡a {dkmnZm| ‘| Omo Hw$N> ^r XoIVo h¢ CÝht H$m AZwH$aU AnZo OrdZ
‘| H$aVo h¢& {’$ë‘m| Ed§ {dkmnZm| Ho$ ‘m°S>ëg, CZHo$ {bE àoaUmXm¶r ì¶p³V hmoVo
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h¢& do CÝht H$s Vah ^mfm H$m à¶moJ H$aVo h¢, H$n‹S>o nhZVo h¢, Am¡a CÝht H$s Vah
{eîQ>mMma Ed§ ì¶dhma H$aVo h¢& BZ g^r CXmhaUm| go Bg {gÕmÝV Ho$ ‘hÎd H$mo
g‘Pm Om gH$Vm h¡& V¡aZm grIZm, ‘moQ>a~mBH$ MbmZm, ‘o{S>H$b Ho$ N>mÌm| Ûmam
gO©ar H$aZm, [ano¶[a¨J H$m H$m‘ grIZm Am¡a XþH$mZ na H$m‘ H$aZm Am{X g~
AZwH$aU Ûmam hr à^mdnyU© T>J§ go grIm OmVm h¡& àojU Ûmam grIZo ‘| ì¶{³V
H$mo ñdmZw^dm| Ed§ à˶j grIZo H$s VwbZm ‘| A{YH$ Adga {‘bVo h¢& Bg H$maU
Bggo à^mdr T§J go grIZm gånÝZ hmo nmVm h¡&
Bg {gÕmÝV Ho$ AZwgma gm‘m{OH$ grIZo H$s à{H«$¶m ‘| {H$gr ‘m°S>b
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H$mo XoIH$a CgHo$ ì¶dhma H$m AZwH$aU H$aZm Ed§ ^{dî¶ ‘| Cgo XmohamZo Ho$
{bE AnZo ì¶dhma ‘| AmË‘gmV H$a boZm hmoVm h¡ Am¡a Bg àH$ma ì¶p³V
grIVm h¡& Bg grIZo H$s à{H«$¶m ‘| gm‘mݶV… {ZåZm§{H$V nXm| H$m AZwgaU
{H$¶m OmVm h¡-
1. ì¶dhma na ܶmZ XoZm Am¡a g‘PZm
Bg nX ‘| ì¶p³V AnZo ‘m°S>b Ho$ ì¶dhma H$m {ZarjU H$aVm h¡ AWdm grIZo
dmbo H$mo {H$gr ‘m°S>b Ho$ ì¶dhma H$m {ZarjU H$am¶m OmVm h¡& ¶hm± ¶m Vmo
gånyU© ì¶dhma AWdm {H$gr {deof nhby go gå~pÝYV ì¶dhma grIZo dmbo
H$m ܶmZ AmH${f©V H$aVm h¡ Am¡a Yrao-Yrao grIZo dmbm Bgr ì¶dhma na
ܶmZ Ho$pÝÐV H$aZo bJVm h¡&
2. ì¶dhma H$mo ¶mX H$aZm
Bg na grIZo dmbo Zo Omo Hw$N> ^r {ZarjU Ûmam XoIm, g‘Pm, Cgo AnZr
ñ‘¥{V ‘| ‘mZ{gH$ à{VÀN>m¶mAm| Ho$ ê$n ‘| A§{H$V H$a boVm h¡&
3. ñ‘¥{V H$mo {H«$¶m ‘| bmZm
Bg nX na grIZo dmbm n¶m©daU ‘| d¡gr n[apñW{V CËnÝZ hmoZo na AWdm
ñd¶§ H$s Amdí¶H$Vm Ho$ {bE ‘m§J hmoZo na ñ‘¥{V ‘| A§{H$V Cg ì¶dhma H$m
AZwH$aU H$aVm h¡&
 n¥îR> 94 A{YJ‘ Ho$ {gÕmÝV
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
4. ì¶dhma Ho$ ~mX nwZ~©bZ
Bg A{ÝV‘ nX na AZwH$aU {H$E JE ì¶dhma H$mo gH$mamË‘H$ nwZ~©bZ {X¶m
OmVm h¡, Vm{H$ grIZo dmbm [Zar[jV ‘m°S>b Ho$ ì¶dhma H$mo ^{dî¶ ‘| ^r AnZo
ì¶dhma Ûmam àX{e©V H$a gHo$&
grIZo Ho$ BZ nXm| H$mo EH$ CXmhaU Ho$ Ûmam ñnîQ> {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡&
~r.ES>. H$jm ‘| {df¶mܶmnH$ AnZo {df¶ ‘| CgHo$ Ûmam {Z{‘©V ‘m°S>b nmR> H$mo
N>mÌmܶmnH$m| Ho$ gm‘Zo gå~pÝYV H$jm Ho$ N>mÌm| H$mo AmXe© ê$n ‘| n‹T>mVm h¡&
N>mÌmܶmnH$ AnZo AܶmnH$ H$s à˶oH$ {H«$¶m Ed§ ì¶dhma H$m {ZarjU H$aVo h¢&
{ZarjU Ho$ níMmV² do AܶmnH$ H$s à˶oH$ {H«$¶m O¡g- o àíZ nyN>Zo H$m VarH$m,
ghm¶H$ {ejU gm‘J«r H$mo àX{e©V H$aZo H$s {d{Y, N>mÌm|o H$mo g{H«$¶ aIZo H$s
{H«$¶m Am¡a {df¶ dñVw H$s ì¶m»¶m H$aZo H$s VH$ZrH$ Am{X H$mo AnZo ñ‘¥{V nQ>b
na A§{H$V H$a boVo h¢& VËníMmV² O~ do ñd¶§ H$jm ‘| AnZm nmR> n‹T>mVo h¢, Vmo
do CZ g^r {H«$¶mAm| H$mo d¡go hr XmohamZo H$m à¶mg H$aVo h¢ Am¡a O~ AܶmnH$
CZH$s nmR> ¶moOZm S>m¶ar ‘| Cg nmR> na AZwH$y b {ZX}e {bIVm h¡, Vmo do CÝht
{H«$¶mAm| H$mo AmJo Ho$ nmR> ‘| ^r XmohamZo H$m à¶mg H$aVo h¢&
Bg àH$ma ‘m°S>qbJ à{H«$¶m Ûmam grIZo H$s {d{Y grIZo Ho$ {bE Ed§
ì¶dhma ‘| AÀN>r AmXVm| Ho$ {Z‘m©U ‘| ‘hÎdnyU© ê$n go ghm¶H$ {gÕ hmoVr
h¡ Am¡a ì¶p³V AWdm N>mÌ Ho$ à˶oH$ ì¶dhma Am¡a {H«$¶m H$mo AZwH$aU Ûmam
dm§{N>V {Xem àXmZ H$aVr h¡&
6.13.2 gm‘m{OH$ grIZo Ho$ {gÕmÝV H$s {deofVmE±
1. ¶h {gÕmÝV ì¶{³V Ho$ ì¶dhma H$m AZwH$aU H$a grIZo na ~b
XoVm h¡&
2. ¶h {gÕmÝV CÔrnZ-AZw{H«$¶m Ho$ ‘ܶ g§kmZmË‘H$ AmÝV[aH$ Mam|
H$s CnpñW{V H$mo ‘mݶVm XoVm h¡&
3. Bg {gÕmÝV Ho$ AZwgma grIZo dmbm CZ ì¶dhmam| H$mo hr grIVm
h¡, {OZ na CgH$m ܶmZ OmVm h¡ Am¡a {OZgo dh à^m{dV hmoVm h¡&
4. gm‘m{OH$ grIZo H$s gånyU© à{H«$¶m ‘| {ZarjU, ñ‘¥{V nQ>b na
A§H$Z, AZwH$aU Ed§ nwZ~©bZ H$s à{H«$¶mE± gpå‘{bV hmoVr h¢&
5. ì¶p³V AnZo OrdZ ‘| A{YH$m§e ì¶dhma Bg {gÕmÝV Ûmam {ZX}
{eV {d{Y go hr grIVm h¡&
6.13.3 d¡ÊSw>am Ho$ gm‘m{OH$ grIZo Ho$ {gÕmÝV H$s H${‘¶m±
1. Bg {gÕmÝV H$s g~go ~‹S>r H$‘r ¶h h¡ {H$ {gImZo Ho$ {bE AmXe©
‘m°S>b H$mo CnpñWV H$aZm ‘wpíH$b H$m‘ h¡&
2. ì¶p³V Ho$ AZwH$aU Ûmam g^r ì¶dhma Zht grIo Om gH$Vo&
6.13.4 d¡ÊSw>am Ho$ gm‘m{OH$ grIZo Ho$ {gÕmÝV H$s e¡{jH$
CnmXo¶Vm
1. ¶h {gÕmÝV n¶m©daU ‘| CnbãY ì¶p³V, {H«$¶m AWdm KQ>Zm Am{X
H$m AZwH$aU H$a grIZo na ~b XoVm h¡& AV… {dÚmb¶m| ‘| n¶m©daU
Eogm CËnÝZ H$aZm Mm{hE {H$ ~mbH$ CÝh| XoI H$a grIo gHo$$&
2. àYmZmܶmnH$ Ed§ AܶmnH$ H$mo ñd¶§ H$mo EH$ ‘m°S>b Ho$ ê$n ‘|
àñVwV H$aZm Mm{hE, Vm{H$ N>mÌ CZH$m AZwH$aU H$a AÀN>o ì¶dhma
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
àJʶ
H$mo grI gHo$&
3. AܶmnH$ N>mÌm| H$mo ñdVÝÌVmnyd©H$ {ZarjU Ho$ {bE ào[aV H$ao&
4. N>mÌm| Ho$ {hV Ho$ {bE AܶmnH$m| H$mo H$^r-H$^r Eogr ~ZmdQ>r
n[apñW{V¶m± n¡Xm H$aZr Mm{hE, Omo AZwH$aU Ûmam grIZo ‘|
ghm¶H$ {gÕ hmo gHo$&
5. {dÚmb¶m| ‘| AZwH$aUr¶ nmR²>¶ghJm‘r {H«$¶mAm| H$m Am¶moOZ H$aZm
Mm{hE&
6. N>mÌ Q>r.dr. Ed§ {dkmnZm| ‘| H$m¡Z go H$m¶©H«$‘m| H$mo XoIVm h¡, Bg
na AܶmnH$m| H$mo ܶmZ XoZm Mm{hE Ed§ AÀN>o AZwH$aUr¶ H$m¶©H«$‘m|
H$mo XoIZo Ho$ {bE ào[aV H$aZm Mm{hE&
6.14 H$Q>© bo{dZ H$m joÌ {gÕmÝV
Bg {gÕmÝV Ho$ à{VnmXH$ H$Q>© bo{dZ h¢& H$mohba Am¡a H$moâH$m Ho$ gmW H$m¶©
H$aZo Ho$ níMmV² bo{dZ O‘©Zr N>mS‹o >H$a A‘o[aH$m Mbo J¶o& CZH$m {gÕmÝV grIZo
Ho$ g§kmZmË‘H$ {gÕmÝVm| Ho$ AÝVJ©V AmVm h¡& H$Q>© bo{dZ Ho$ joÌr¶ {gÕmÝV H$m
{dH$mg grIZo Ho$ {gÕmÝV Ho$ ê$n ‘| Zht hþAm h¡, ~pëH$ CgZo AnZo {gÕmÝV
Ho$ ‘mܶ‘ go ‘Zmo{dkmZ H$s EH$ àUmbr àñVwV H$s h¡, {Ogo joÌr¶ ‘Zmo{dkmZ,
Vbê$n ¶m g{Xe ‘Zmo{dkmZ H$hVo h¢& dñVwV… joÌ {gÕmÝVm| H$m à{VnmXZ
gmhM¶© {gÕmÝVm| H$s à{V{H«$¶m Ho$ n[aUm‘ñdê$n hþAm h¡&
bo{dZ H$m joÌr¶ {gÕmÝV nyUm©H$ma {gÕmÝV Ho$ hr g‘mZ h¡, naÝVw ¶h
WmoS‹ >m-gm {^ÝZ h¡, ³¶m|{H$ ¶h AZw^d Ho$ ñWmZ na ì¶dhma H$mo A{YH$ ‘hÎd
XoVm h¡ VWm ‘mZdr¶ A{^àoaU na ^r ~b XoVm h¡& H$Q>© bo{dZ Zo AnZo ‘V H$m
AmYma dmVmdaU ‘| ì¶p³V H$s pñW{V H$mo ~Vm¶m& bo{dZ Zo OrdZ-ñWb Ho$
AmYma na ì¶p³V Ho$ AZw^dm| H$s ì¶m»¶m H$s h¡& CgHo$ AZwgma OrdZ-ñWb
dh dmVmdaU h¡, {Og‘| ì¶p³V ahVm h¡ Am¡a {Oggo à^m{dV hmoVm h¡& {H$gr
ì¶p³V H$m ¶h OrdZ-ñWb ‘Zmodk ¡ m{ZH$ ep³V¶m| na {Z^©a H$aVm h¡& bo{dZ Ho$
AZwgma grIZm H$moB© AZmoIr {H«$¶m Zht h¡& CgZo ~Vm¶m {H$ grIZo H$s {H«$¶m H$mo
g‘PZo Ho$ {bE h‘| Ho$db ¶h g‘PZm hmoVm h¡ {H$ OrdZ-ñWb H$m Zd g§JR>Z
{H$g àH$ma hmoVm h¡ VWm ‘Zmodk ¡ m{ZH$ g§gma H$s g§aMZm {H$g àH$ma hmoVr h¡&
AV… grIZm h‘mao AZw^dm| ¶m OrdZ-ñWb H$s g§aMZm ‘| n[adV©Z bmZo go
hmoVm h¡& bo{dZ Zo AmJo ~Vm¶m {H$ dmñVd ‘|, grIZm dmVmdaU H$m g§JR>Z h¡&
H$Q>© bo{dZ Zo AnZo ‘V H$m AmYma dmVmdaU ‘| ì¶p³V H$s pñW{V
H$mo ~Vm¶m& CgHo$ AZwgma ì¶p³V Ho$ ì¶dhma H$mo g‘PZo Ho$ {bE ì¶p³V H$s
pñW{V H$mo CÔoí¶m| go gå~pÝYV ‘mZ{MÌ ‘| {ZYm©[aV H$aZo Ed§ à¶ËZm| H$s
OmZH$mar Amdí¶H$ h¡&
6.14.1 {gÕmÝV H$s ì¶m»¶m
¶h {gÕmÝV ‘Zwî¶ VWm CgHo$ grIZo H$s à{H«$¶m H$mo {Zanoj ¶m ¶mpÝÌH$ Zht
‘mZVm h¡, daZ² gmno{jH$ AWm©V EH$-Xÿgao go gå~pÝYV ‘mZVm h¡& ¶h {gÕmÝV
AZw^d Ho$ ñWmZ na ì¶dhma H$mo A{YH$ ‘hÎd XoVm h¡ VWm àoaUmAm| Am{X H$m
A{YH$ à¶moJ H$aVm h¡& bo{dZ Zo AnZo {gÕmÝV H$s ì¶m»¶m H$aZo ‘| J{UV Ho$
nm[a^m{fH$ eãXm|, O¡g-
o joÌ’$b, OrdZ {dñVma, Vbê$n, ep³V, do³Q>a Am{X H$m
à¶moJ {H$¶m h¡& grIZo H$s ì¶m»¶m ^r bo{dZ Zo ì¶p³V, dmVmdaU, ~mYmE±, ~mYmAm|
 àJʶ A{YJ‘ Ho$ {gÕmÝV
na {dO¶ VWm CÔoí¶ H$s àm{á H$s ì¶m»¶m H$aHo$ H$s h¡& bo{dZ Ho$ ‘VmZwgma grIZo
H$s à{H«$¶m ‘| H$moB© {d{MÌ ~mV Zht h¡& A{YJ‘ ¶m grIZo H$mo ñnîQ> ê$n go g‘PZo
Ho$ {bE BVZm hr g‘PZm n¶m©á hmoJm {H$ OrdZ {dñVma {H$g àH$ma nwZ… ì¶dpñWV
hmoVm h¡ Am¡a {H$g àH$ma ‘Zmodk ¡ m{ZH$ g§gma H$s g§aMZm hmoVr h¡&
bo{dZ Ho$ {gÕmÝV ‘§o ^Ëg©Zm, bú¶ VWm AdamoYH$ à‘wI VÎd h¢&
{H$gr ì¶p³V H$mo bú¶ H$s àm{á Ho$ {bE AdamoYH$ H$mo nma H$aZm Amdí¶H$
h¡& ¶h AdamoYH$ ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ AWdm ^m¡{VH$ hmo gH$Vm h¡& O¡gm {H$ D$na
g§Ho$V {X¶m Om MwH$m h¡& bo{dZ Ho$ {gÕmÝV H$m {dH$mg grIZo Ho$ {gÕmÝV Ho$
ê$n ‘| Zht hþAm h¡& BgH$m {dH$mg A{^àoaUm Am¡a à˶jrH$aU Ho$ {gÕmÝV
Ho$ ê$n ‘| hþAm h¡, Bg{bE bo{dZ grIZo H$s {H«$¶m ‘| àoaUm VWm à˶jrH$aU
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na ~b XoVo h¢& à˶jrH$aU H$m AW© h¡ {H$ H$moB© ì¶p³V {H$gr n[apñW{V H$mo
{H$g àH$ma XoIVm h¡& ì¶p³V {H$gr bú¶ ¶m CÔoí¶ go ào[aV hmoVm h¡& bú¶
àm¶… YZmË‘H$ Am¡a G$UmË‘H$ ep³V¶m| go n[anyU© hmoVo h¢&
ì¶p³V YZmË‘H$ ep³V go ào[aV hmoH$a bú¶ H$s Amoa AJ«ga hmoVm h¡
Am¡a G$UmË‘H$ ep³V Cgo grIZo Ho$ {bE ào[aV H$aVr h¡& ì¶p³V H$mo bú¶ VH$
nhþM± Zo Ho$ ‘mJ© ‘| AZoH$ AdamoYH$ {‘bVo h¢, {Oggo dh gabVm go bú¶ H$s
àm{á Zht H$a nmVm& Bg{bE bú¶ VH$ nhþM± Zo Ho$ {bE BZ AdamoYH$m| H$mo Xÿa
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H$aZm Amdí¶H$ hmo OmVm h¡& Bg àH$ma OrdZ-ñWb H$s g§aMZm ¶m ì¶dñWm
~Xb OmVr h¡& AV… Bg {gÕmÝV Ho$ AZwgma H$hm Om gH$Vm h¡ {H$ grIZm
OrdZ-ñWb H$m nwZgªJR>Z h¡& OrdZ-ñWb ‘| ì¶p³V Am¡a bú¶ Ho$ ~rM Ho$
AdamoYH$m| H$mo Xÿa H$aZo Ho$ {bE ì¶p³V ‘| AÝVÑ©pîQ> ¶m gyP H$m {dH$mg hmoVm h¡&
Bg àH$ma ¶h grIZo H$m bú¶ gyP {gÕmÝV ^r H$hm OmVm h¡&
{ZåZ {MÌ go ¶h ~mV ñnîQ> hmo OmEJr-
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~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
n¥îR> 95
{MÌ ‘o§ ì¶p³V AnZo bú¶ H$mo àmá H$aZo H$m à¶mg H$aVm h¡, naÝVw
CgHo$ ‘mJ© ‘| EH$ ¶y AmH$ma H$s ~mYm CnpñWV h¡& dh Bg ~mYm Ho$ H$maU
AnZo bú¶ H$mo àmá H$aZo ‘| Ag‘W© h¡& Bgr ~rM ‘mZd H$s AÝVÑ©pîQ>
CgHo$ OrdZ {dñVma ‘| n[adV©Z bmVr h¡ VWm CgHo$ ì¶dhma ‘| n[adV©Z
H$aHo$ dmVmdaU ‘| EH$ g§JR>Z CËnÝZ H$aVr h¡ VWm A~ dh Bg g‘ñ¶m
H$m g‘mYmZ H$aZo$ Ho$ {bE ¶y Ho$ Iwbo {gao go M³H$a H$m ‘mJ© ~ZmVm h¡ Am¡a
AnZo bú¶ H$mo àmá H$aVm h¡& Bg àH$ma bo{dZ d CgHo$ g‘W©H$m| H$m H$hZm
h¡ {H$ grIZo ‘| H$moB© ZdrZ AWdm {d{^ÝZ g‘ñ¶m Zht h¡& ¶h Vmo OrdZ
{dñVma H$s nwZ… g§aMZm ‘mÌ H$m {df¶ h¡& ¶{X h‘ g§aMZm Ho$ ‘w»¶ {Z¶‘
AWdm OrdZ-{dñVma Ho$ à~ÝY H$mo hb H$a gH$Vo h¢, Vmo h‘ ‘Zmo{dkmZ H$s
g^r ‘hÎdnyU© g‘ñ¶mAm| H$mo g‘P gH|$Jo VWm CZHo$ AmYma na A{YJ‘ H$mo
^r g‘P gH|$Jo&
6.14.2 joÌ {gÕmÝV Ho$ à‘wI AmYma
H$Q>© bo{dZ Ho$ joÌ {gÕmÝV Ho$ Hw$N> ‘hÎdnyU© à˶¶ Bg àH$ma h¡-
1. joÌ
bo{dZ Ho$ AZwgma joÌ H$m VmËn¶© ‘mZd Ho$ Cg gånyU© ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ OJV² go
h¡, {Og‘| dh ahVm h¡ VWm {H$gr g‘¶ {deof ‘| ^«‘U H$aVm h¡& Bg àH$ma
‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ g§gma ‘| ì¶p³V ñd¶§, CgHo$ {dMma, V϶, YmaUmE±, H$ënZmE±,
{dídmg Ed§ AmemE± g~ Hw$N> Am OmVr h¡& ¶h joÌ à˶oH$ ì¶p³V Ho$ {bE
AbJ hmoVm h¡& O¡go- EH$ ZjÌ doÎmm joÌ H$m à¶moJ Vmam| Ho$ {bE H$aVm h¡,
^m¡{VH$emñÌr na‘mUw g§aMZm Ho$ Aܶ¶Z Ho$ {bE Am{X&
2. OrdZ {dñVma
OrdZ {dñVma H$m Ame¶ Cg dmVmdaU go h¡, {Og‘| ‘Zwî¶ h¡ Am¡a Cg
dmVmdaU H$m à^md ì¶p³V na {ZaÝVa n‹S>Vm ahVm h¡& dmVmdaU go VmËn¶©
àmH¥${VH$, gm‘m{OH$ VWm ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ dmVmdaU go h¡, {Og‘| ì¶p³V bJmVma
g§Kf© H$aVm ahVm h¡ Am¡a Cggo à^m{dV hmoVm ahVm h¡& ‘mZd H$s AnZr Hw$N>
Amdí¶H$VmE± hmoVr h¡, Hw$N> ¶mo½¶VmE± hmoVr h¢, Hw$N> gr‘mE± hmoVr h¢ Am¡a CZ
g~Ho$ Mmam| Amoa CgH$m dmVmdaU hmoVm h¡ VWm ¶h dmVmdaU OrdZ-{dñVma
H$s gr‘m go {Kam hmoVm h¡& bo{dZ OrdZ-{dñVma H$s g§aMZm Ho$ {bE BZ g^r
H$mo ~am~a ‘hÎd XoVo h¢&
3. ì¶p³V
bo{dZ Ho$ AZwgma ì¶p³V ¶m ‘mZd H$mo CgH$s ¶mo½¶VmAm| Ho$ gÝX^© ‘| hr
g‘Pm Om gH$Vm h¡& ì¶p³V H$m Ame¶ ‘pñVîH$ ¶m eara ¶m XmoZm| go hr Zht
h¡& ¶h g§Ho$V H$aVm h¡ ‘¢, ‘oam, ‘wPo Am{X& à˶oH$ ì¶p³V H$s AnZr Hw$N>
Amdí¶H$VmE± hmoVr h¢, Omo CgHo$ ì¶dhma H$s {Xem {ZYm©[aV H$aVr h¢ VWm ¶h
{Xem ì¶p³V H$mo bú¶ H$s Amoa ‘mo‹S> XoVr h¡, Omo ì¶p³V ‘| VZmd ^a XoVr h¡&
ì¶p³V O~ VH$ AdamoYm| H$mo nma H$aHo$ bú¶ VH$ Zht nhþ±M OmVm, V~ VH$
dh ~am~a à¶ËZerb ~Zm ahVm h¡&
4. ~mø AmdaU
¶h AmdaU ì¶p³V Ho$ ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ dmVmdaU Ho$ ~mha Mmam| Amoa ahVm h¡&
¶h àmUr go gå~pÝYV dmVmdaU Ho$ CZ njm| go {Z{‘©V hmoVm h¡, {OZH$m
 n¥îR> 96 A{YJ‘ Ho$ {gÕmÝV
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
à˶jrH$aU ì¶p³V ñd¶§ Zht H$a nmVm, {H$ÝVw Cg ì¶p³V H$m Aܶ¶Z
H$aZo dmbo bmoJ CZH$m à˶jrH$aU H$a gH$Vo h¢, Xÿgao eãXm| ‘|, g‘ñV
A‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ V϶m| H$m dh {‘lU, Omo OrdZ {dñVma Ho$ Mmam| Amoa {Kam
ahVm h¡, ~mø AmdaU H$hbmVm h¡& BgHo$ AÝVJ©V ‘Zwî¶ Ho$ emar[aH$ VWm
gm‘m{OH$ dmVmdaU Ho$ do ^mJ AmVo h¢, Omo g‘¶ {deof ‘| ì¶p³V Ho$ OrdZ-
{dñVma Ho$ A§J Zht hmoVo, bo{H$Z H$^r A§J hmo gH$Vo h¢& ¶h ì¶p³V H$s
ì¶mdhm[aH$ gå^mdZmAm| H$mo gr{‘V H$aVm h¡&
5. Vbê$n
joÌ {gÕmÝV H$mo Vbê$n {gÕmÝV ^r H$hVo h¢& Vbê$n H$m ¶h à˶¶ aoImJ{UV
go {b¶m J¶m h¡& H$Q>© bo{dZ Zo J{UV Ho$ AmYma na ‘mZd ì¶dhma H$mo g‘PmZo
H$m à¶mg {H$¶m h¡& Vbê$n ‘| Xÿar d AmH¥${V H$m H$moB© ‘hÎd Zht hmoVm AWm©V²
BgH$m bå~B©, Mm¡‹S>mB© VWm ‘moQ>mB© go H$moB© gå~ÝY Zht hmoVm h¡, ~pëH$ Bg‘|
AÝXa, ~mha VWm gr‘m Ho$ à˶¶m| H$s {ddoMZm H$s OmVr h¡& Vbê$n aoImJ{UV
H$s ÑpîQ> go d¥Îm, XrK©d¥Îm, g‘ ¶m {df‘ ~hþ^wOm| ‘| H$moB© AÝVa Zht hmoVm&
nmZr H$s EH$ ~yÝX VWm n¥Ïdr XmoZm| hr Vbê$n H$s ÑpîQ> go EH$ g‘mZ g‘Po
OmVo h¢& Vbê$n CÔoí¶ VWm CZH$s àm{á Ho$ ‘ܶ ~mYmAm| Ho$ gÝX^© ‘| ì¶p³V
H$s pñW{V H$mo ñnîQ> H$aVm h¡&
6. g{Xe
g{Xe H$m à˶¶ ^m¡{VH$ emñÌ go {b¶m J¶m h¡& ‘Zmo{dkmZ ‘| g{Xe EH$ ~b
H$m à{V{Z{YËd H$aVm h¡, Omo ì¶p³V Ho$ ì¶dhma H$mo bú¶ H$s Amoa AWdm
bú¶ go Xÿa OmZo H$s Amoa g§Ho$V H$aVm h¡& g{Xe ‘| EH$ {deof {Xem ‘| OmZo
H$s àd¥{Îm hmoVr h¡ VWm ¶h ep³V Ed§ {Xem XmoZm| H$mo A{^춳V H$aVm h¡&
ep³V Ed§ {Xem {‘bH$a àoaH$ H$mo ep³V àXmZ H$aVr h¡& Bg àH$ma g{Xe
‘| VrZ ~mV| {Z{hV hmoVr h¢- {Xem, ep³V VWm à¶moJ {~ÝXþ& g{Xe ¶h ^r
A{^춳V H$aVm h¡ {H$ {H$g n[apñW{V ‘| ³¶m hmoZo dmbm h¡ AWdm ³¶m hmo
ahm h¡& gmW hr, ¶h OrdZ-{dñVma Ho$ {d{^ÝZ àXoem| H$s H$f©U ep³V¶m| H$mo
^r 춳V H$aVm h¡&
7. H$f©U ep³V
OrdZ-{dñVma Ho$ {H$gr joÌ ¶m àXoe ‘| Xmo àH$ma H$s ep³V¶m± hmoVr h¢,
{OÝh| AmH$f©U VWm à{VH$f©U ep³V¶m± H$hVo h¢& ¶o ep³V¶m± gH$mamË‘H$ VWm
ZH$mamË‘H$ Xmo àH$ma H$s hmoVr h¢& Bg ep³V¶m| ‘| {Xem VWm n[aUm‘ XmoZm|
hmoVo h¢& O~ H$moB© ì¶p³V {H$gr dñVw Ho$ à{V AmH${f©V hmoVm h¡, V~ h‘ H$hVo
h¢ {H$ Cg dñVw ‘| AmH$f©U ep³V h¡ Am¡a BgHo$ {dnarV, O~ H$moB© ì¶p³V
{H$gr dñVw go Xÿa hQ>Vm h¡, V~ h‘ H$hVo h¢ {H$ Cg dñVw ‘| {dH$f©U ep³V h¡&
H$f©U ep³V Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘| ¶hr {dMma ‘m¡[ag. Eb. {~½Jr Zo ^r 춳V {H$¶o h¢&
8. AdamoY
¶h dmVmdaU H$m EH$ J˶mË‘H$ nhby h¡, Omo ì¶p³V Ho$ bú¶ ¶m CÔoí¶ VH$
nhþ±MZo Ho$ ‘mJ© ‘| Am I‹S>m hmoVm h¡ VWm CgHo$ AmJo ~‹T>Zo H$s J{V H$mo AdéÕ
H$a XoVm h¡& g§jon ‘|, ì¶p³V H$mo AnZo bú¶ VH$ nhþ±MZo ‘| AZoH$ g‘ñ¶mAm|
Ed§ AdamoYm| H$m gm‘Zm H$aZm n‹S>Vm h¡& ¶{X ì¶p³V H$mo BZ AdamoYm| H$mo Xÿa
H$aZo hoVw A{^àoaUm {‘bVr ahr, Vmo dh AnZo bú¶ H$mo AmgmZr go àmá H$a
boVm h¡& BgHo$ {dnarV pñW{V ‘| dh ¶m Vmo AnZm bú¶ hr ~Xb boVm h¡
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
àJʶ
AWdm hVme, {Zame Ed§ Hw$ÊR>m H$m {eH$ma hmo OmVm h¡& ~ma-~ma H$s g’$bVm
go ì¶p³V H$s AmH$m§jm H$m ñVa D$na CR>Vm h¡ VWm ~ma-~ma Ag’$b hmoZo
na AmH$m§jm H$m ñVa ZrMo {JaVm h¡&
9. ÛÝÛ
Eogm g‘Pm OmVm h¡ {H$ ì¶p³V Ho$ OrdZ joÌ ‘| Eogo CnjoÌ ^r hmoVo h¢, {OZ‘|
{H$ EH$ hr g‘¶ ‘| {d{^ÝZ àH$ma Ho$ H$f©U g{H«$¶ hmoVo h¢& {deofH$a Cg
n[apñW{V ‘| O~ AmH$f©U Am¡a {dH$f©U CËnÝZ H$aZo dmbr XmoZm| ep³V¶m±
g‘mZ hmo& Eogr pñW{V ‘| ÛÝÛ H$m CËnÝZ hmoZm ñdm^m{dH$ hr h¡& bo{dZ Zo ÛÝÛ
VrZ àH$ma Ho$ ~Vm¶o h¢- nhbm, dh ÛÝÛ {Og‘| XmoZm| ep³V¶m± gH$mamË‘H$ hmo&
O¡go- {H$gr ì¶p³V H$mo ~¢H$ ‘| ³bH©$ {Z¶w³V H$a {b¶m OmE Am¡a Eb.AmB©.
gr. ‘| ^r& Xÿgam, dh ÛÝÛ {Og‘| XmoZm| ep³V¶m± ZH$mamË‘H$ hmo& O¡go- AmJo
Hw$Am±, nrN>o ImB©& Vrgam, dh ÛÝÛ {Og‘| EH$ ep³V gH$mamË‘H$ d EH$
ZH$mamË‘H$ hmo& O¡go- EH$ N>moQ>r b‹S>H$s AmBgH«$s‘ ^r ImZm MmhVr h¡ Am¡a
Cgo Bg ~mV H$m ^r S>a h¡ {H$ H$ht Cgo OwH$m‘ Z hmo Om¶o&
6.14.3 H$Q>© bo{dZ Ho$ {gÕmÝV H$s H${‘¶m±
1. bo{dZ Zo AnZo {gÕmÝV H$s ì¶m»¶m J{UV Ho$ n[a^m{fV eãXm|,
O¡go- joÌ’$b, OrdZ {dñVma, Vbê$n, ep³V, gÝVwbZ, do³Q>a
Am{X Ho$ Ûmam H$s h¡& dmñVd ‘| BZ g~ eãXm| H$mo g‘PZm ~‹S>m
H${R>Z h¡&
2. Bgr àH$ma ¶h {gÕmÝV grIZo Ho$ {gÕmÝV H$s Vah {dH${gV Zht
hþAm, daZ² A{^àoaUm Ed§ à˶jrH$aU Ho$ {gÕmÝV Ho$ ê$n ‘| gm‘Zo
Am¶m, naÝVw BVZm Adí¶ h¡ {H$ bo{dZ AnZo Bg {gÕmÝV H$m
Cn¶moJ grIZo H$s n[apñW{V¶m| ‘| ^r H$aZm MmhVm h¡&
3. Bg {gÕmÝV ‘| ì¶p³V H$mo A{YH$ ‘hÎd {X¶m J¶m h¡ VWm dh
gånyU© dmVmdaU Ho$ à^md go AnZm ì¶dhma àX{e©V H$aVm h¡,
naÝVw ³¶m dmVmdaU hr g~go A{YH$ à^mdembr h¡? ì¶p³V H$s
Hw$N> AmÝV[aH$ BÀN>mE±, Amdí¶H$VmE± ^r Cgo ì¶dhma H$aZo H$mo
ào[aV H$aVr h¢&
4. dmñVd ‘| ¶h {gÕmÝV ‘mZdr¶ A{^àoaUm Ho$ Aܶ¶Z go gå~pÝYV
h¡&
5. ¶h {gÕmÝV AZw^d Ho$ ñWmZ na ì¶dhma H$mo A{YH$ ‘hÎd XoVm h¡&
6.14.4 H$Q>© bo{dZ Ho$ {gÕmÝV H$s e¡{jH$ CnmXo¶Vm
H$Q>© bo{dZ Ho$ joÌ {gÕmÝV H$mo {ejm Ho$ joÌ ‘| A˶ÝV ‘hÎdnyU© ‘mZm J¶m
h¡& Bg {gÕmÝV H$s e¡{jH$ CnmXo¶Vm H$mo {ZåZ{b{IV {~ÝXþAm| Ho$ gÝX^© ‘|
AmgmZr go g‘Pm Om gH$Vm h¡-
1. ¶h {gÕmÝV {ejm VWm ‘Zmo{dkmZ Ho$ úmoÌ ‘| à^mdr T>±J go
Cn¶moJ ‘| bm¶m OmVm h¡& ì¶p³VËd H$m Aܶ¶Z H$aZo VWm g‘mO
‘Zmo{dkmZ H$s ÑpîQ> go Bg {gÕmÝV H$m ‘hÎd Am¡a ^r A{YH$
~‹T> OmVm h¡&
2. Bg {gÕmÝV Ho$ AZwgma grIZm OrdZ joÌ H$mo {d^o{XV ~ZmZo H$s
à{H«$¶m h¡& {d^oXrH¥$V OrdZ Ho$ úmoÌ go h‘mam Ame¶ ¶h h¡ {H$ OrdZ
joÌ Ho$ AÝVJ©V AZoH$ N>mQo >-
o N>mQo >o joÌ Ed§ àXoe g‘m{hV ahVo h¢&
 àJʶ A{YJ‘ Ho$ {gÕmÝV
3. Bg {gÕmÝV H$m {ejU ‘| {deof ‘hÎd h¡& Bg ÑpîQ> go {ejH$ H$mo
Mm{hE {H$ dh grIZo Ho$ {bE C{MV dmVmdaU àñVwV H$ao VWm
N>mÌm| Ho$ gå‘wI Ano{jV ì¶mdhm[aH$ CÔoí¶m| H$m ñnîQ>rH$aU ^br
àH$ma H$ao, Vm{H$ CÝh| AmgmZr go àmá {H$¶m Om gHo$&
4. Bg {gÕmÝV Ho$ AZwgma {ejH$ H$mo ~hþV hr à^mdH$mar T>§J go
{dÚmWu, CgHo$ dmVmdaU, CgH$s Amdí¶H$VmAm|, é{M¶m|,
ÑpîQ>H$moUm|, gr‘mAm|, j‘VmAm| Ed§ Aݶ gå~ÝYm| H$mo ~Iy~r
g‘PZm Mm{hE& Xÿgao eãXm| ‘|, {ejH$ H$mo {dÚmWu Ho$ OrdZ joÌ
H$mo nyar Vah go g‘PZm Mm{hE&
5. {ejH$m| H$mo Eogo à¶mg H$aZo Mm{hE, {Oggo {H$ N>mÌm| Ho$ à˶jrH$aU
H$m joÌ {dñV¥V hmo Am¡a OrdZ joÌ Am¡a A{YH$ bå~m Mm¡‹S>m hmoVm
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Om¶& gmW hr {dÚmWu H$s grIZo go gå~pÝYV AmH$m§jmAm| H$mo ^r
D±$Mm CR>mZo H$m à¶mg {H$¶m Om¶o&
6. {ejU-A{YJ‘ à{H«$¶m àmaå^ H$aZo go nyd© N>mÌm| Ho$ ‘mZ{gH$
ñdmñ϶ Ho$ ~mao ‘| ^r {ejH$ H$mo OmZH$mar àmá H$a boZr Mm{hE&
CgH$m ¶h ha gå^d à¶mg hmoZm Mm{hE {H$ N>mÌ hVmem, Hw$ÊR>m,
{Zamem, VZmd Am{X go Xÿa aho AݶWm Eogr n[apñW{V ‘| N>mÌ go
dm{ÝN>V A{YJ‘ H$s Anojm H$aZm {ZamYma hr gm[~V hmoJm&
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7. A{^àoaUm, A{YJ‘ H$s EH$ A{Zdm¶© eV© h¡& H$hm ^r J¶m h¡ {H$
{OVZm AÀN>m A{^àoaU, CVZm hr AÀN>m grIZm& ¶h {gÕmÝV
Bgr{bE {ejU ‘| A{^àoaUm Ho$ ‘hÎd na ~b XoVm h¡& A{^àoaUm
hr N>mÌm| Ho$ grIZo H$s {Xem ‘| CËgmh, ܶmZ Ed§ é{M H$m g‘w{MV
{dH$mg H$aVr h¡&
8. ¶h {gÕmÝV Bg ~mV na ~hþV A{YH$ ~b XoVm h¡ {H$ H$jm H$m
dmVmdaU N>mÌm| H$s grIZo H$s à{H«$¶m H$mo ~hþV A{YH$ à^m{dV
H$aVm h¡& AV… ¶h na‘ Amdí¶H$ h¡ {H$ H$jm H$m ^m¡{VH$ dmVmdaU,
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O¡go- àH$me, dm¶w Am{X CÀM ñVa H$m ~Zm¶m Om¶o& gmW hr
N>mÌm| ‘o§ nañna gh¶moJ, ñZoh Am{X H$s ^mdZmE± {dH${gV H$a
‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ dmVmdaU H$m ^r {Z‘m©U {H$¶m Om¶o&
9. ¶h {gÕmÝV N>mÌm| H$s aQ>Zo H$s àH¥${V H$m {damoY H$aVm h¡ VWm
BgHo$ ñWmZ na CZ‘| AÝVÑ©pîQ> Ho$ {dH$mg na ~b XoVm h¡& gmW
hr N>mÌm| Ho$ ‘pñVîH$ ‘| kmZ H$mo R>±ygZo H$m à¶mg Zht H$aZm Mm{hE,
~pëH$ AmYw{ZH$ {ejU à{d{Y¶m| H$m à¶moJ H$a Cgo gwJ«mø ~ZmZo
H$m à¶mg H$aZm Mm{hE&
10. ¶h {gÕmÝV ì¶p³V H$mo A{YH$ ‘hÎd XoVm h¡& AV… {ejm ‘| N>mÌm|
Ho$ ñd H$mo ‘hÎd {X¶m OmZm Mm{hE& O~ VH$ N>mÌ ñd¶§ AnZr
Amdí¶H$VmAm|, j‘VmAm|, H${‘¶m|, dmVmdaU Ed§ CÔoí¶m| go n[a{MV
Zht hmoJm, V~ VH$ dh Z Vmo à^mdr ì¶dhma hr H$a nmEJm Am¡a Z
hr Ano{jV A{YJ‘ àmá H$a gHo$Jm&
11. ¶h {gÕmÝV AdamoYm| Ho$ ‘hÎd H$mo ñdrH$ma H$aVm h¡& bo{dZ Ho$
AZwgma ì¶p³V AmH$f©U Ho$ H$maU bú¶ VH$ nhþ±MZo Ho$ {bE g~go
N>moQ>m VarH$m AnZm gH$Vm h¡, O¡go {H$ narjm ‘| ZH$b H$aZm&
Bg{bE OrdZ joÌ ‘| AdamoY H$s Amdí¶H$Vm h¡& XÊS> H$s pñW{V
‘| ì¶p³V n[apñW{V go nbm¶Z H$a gH$Vm h¡& AV… ì¶p³V H$mo
Cgr joÌ ‘| aIZo Ho$ {bE ge³V AdamoYm| H$s Amdí¶H$Vm hmoVr h¡&
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
n¥îR> 97
12. {H$gr {H«$¶m H$s nwZamd¥{Îm g§kmZmË‘H$ g§aMZm Am¡a Amdí¶H$Vm
go CËnÝZ VZmd XmoZm| ‘| n[adV©Z bmVr h¡& n[aUm‘V… bú¶ H$s
AmH$f©U ep³V ‘| n[adV©Z Am OmVm h¡& H$f©U H$B© àH$ma go
n[ad{V©V hmoVo h¢, O¡go- AmH$f©U ¶w³V bú¶ AnZm AmH$f©U Imo
gH$Vo h¢& ¶{X ~ma-~ma Cgr {H«$¶m H$mo Xmoham¶m Om¶o, Vmo àmUr
V¥{á H$s AdñWm VH$ nhþ±M OmVm h¡, Xÿgao, ‘ybV… AZmH$f©U bú¶
AmH$f©U ¶w³V ~Z OmVo h¢, O¡go- nhbo gm§p»¶H$s ~war bJVr Wr,
bo{H$Z Aä¶mg go ag AmZo bJm VWm Vrgao, bú¶ H$m MwZmd
ì¶p³V H$s g’$bVm ¶m Ag’$bVm go gå~pÝYV nyd© AZw^dm| Ûmam
à^m{dV hmoVm h¡&
13. H$m¡Z-gr MrO ñ‘¥{V ‘| ahoJr, Bg gå~ÝY ‘| ^r bo{dZ Zo AnZo
{dMma gw{ZpíMV {H$¶o h¢, O¡go- Eogr MrO|, {OÝh| nyam H$aZo go
H$moB© à¶moOZ {gÕ Zht hmoVm, do ^yb OmVo h¢, AYyao H$m¶© nyao H$a
{X¶o J¶o H$m¶m] H$s Anojm A{YH$ ¶mX ahVo h¢ VWm Eogo H$m¶© Omo
H$B© Amdí¶H$VmAm| H$s ny{V© H$aVo h¢, do CZ H$m¶m] H$s Anojm Omo
Ho$db EH$ hr Amdí¶H$Vm H$s ny{V© H$aVo h¢, A{YH$ ¶mX ahVo h¢&
6.15 A{YJ‘ H$m gmBZ-J¡ñQ>mëQ> {gÕmÝV
Bg ‘V H$m à{VnmXZ Q>m°b‘¡Z Zo {H$¶m Wm& Q>m°b‘¡Z Ho$ Bg {gÕmÝV H$m
AmYma nyUm©H$madmX h¡& Q>m°b‘¡Z H$s ‘mݶVm h¡ {H$ ‘mZd H$m ì¶dhma CÔoí¶nyU©
hmoVm h¡& A{YJ‘ Ho$ {M• VWm AmemAm| H$mo dh A{YH$ ‘hÎd XoVm h¡& CgHo$
AZwgma CÔrnZ ‘| AW© Cgr g‘¶ CËnÝZ hmoVm h¡, O~{H$ dh ì¶p³V
H$s Amdí¶H$Vm Am¡a CÔoí¶ ny{V© ‘| ghm¶H$ hmoVo h¢& Q>m°b‘¡Z H$m ¶h ‘V
à¶moOZdmXr ‘Zmo{dkmZ na AmYm[aV h¡& ¶h à¶moOZ H$mo {H$gr {H«$¶m H$mo
grIZo H$m Ho$ÝÐ {~ÝXþ ‘mZVo h¢& Or. boñQ>a EÊS>agZ Ho$ AZwgma- Q>m°b‘¡Z Ho$
{gÕmÝV ‘o§ Ho$db J{V¶m| H$m hr A{YJ‘ Zht àmá {H$¶m OmVm h¡, ~pëH$ {M•m|
¶m AmemAm| H$m A{YJ‘ ^r àmá {H$¶m OmVm h¡& H«${‘H$ n[apñW{V¶m| ‘| J{V¶m±
EH$ O¡gr Zht ‘mZr Om gH$Vr& A{YJ‘H$Vm© n[apñW{V H$mo à˶j go ‘mnVm
h¡ Am¡a BZ à˶j kmZm| Ho$ AZwgma hr AZw{H«$¶m H$aVm h¡& ¶h ‘mZm OmVm h¡
{H$ BZ à˶j kmZm| go VpÝÌH$m gå~ÝYr gh-gå~ÝY hmoVo h¢, naÝVw CZH$m
ñdê$n A^r kmV Zht h¡, {H$ÝVw Q>m°b‘¡Z Am¡a Aݶ bmoJm| Zo Bg g§H$ënZm H$mo
A{^춳V H$aZo Ho$ {bE {H$ VpÝÌH$m H$s aMZm ‘| H$hr {M•m|, AmemAm| Am¡a
bú¶m| Ho$ à˶j kmZ Ho$ gmW gh gå~ÝY {dÚm‘mZ h¡, EH$ eãX H$m à¶moJ
{H$¶m J¶m h¡, ¶h eãX h¡ g§kmZmË‘H$ aMZm, Omo A~ ^r nyar Vah go ñnîQ>
ê$n go d{U©V Zht {H$¶m J¶m, {H$ÝVw ¶h ì¶dhma na AmYm[aV EH$ AZw‘mZ h¡&
Q>m°b‘¡Z Ho$ {gÕmÝV ‘o§ kmZmË‘H$ ì¶dhma H$mo ‘hÎd {X¶m J¶m h¡&
Q>m°b‘¡Z H$m ‘V CÔoí¶mË‘H$ ì¶dhma na {Z^©a H$aVm h¡& Bg ‘V H$mo BZ Zm‘m|
go ^r nwH$mam OmVm h¡-
1. {M• J¡ñQ>mëQ> {gÕmÝV
2. gå^mdZm {gÕmÝV
3. kmZmË‘H$ {gÕmÝV
ES>dS>© gr. Q>m°b‘¡Z Zo AnZo {gÕmÝV H$m à{VnmXZ newAm| VWm ‘Zwî¶m|
‘| CÔoí¶mË‘H$, àoaH$, ¶wÕ H$s Amoa VWm Hw$N> {Z~ÝYm| ‘| {H$¶m h¡& Q>m°b‘¡Z Zo
 n¥îR> 98 A{YJ‘ Ho$ {gÕmÝV
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
ì¶dhma H$mo J«m‘mUw {db¶Z VWm AmU{dH$ H$s ^m±{V g‘Pm h¡& BgH$m AmYma
ñZm¶w, ‘m±gno{e¶m± VWm J«pÝW¶m± h¢& AZoH$ {M• A{YJ‘ Ho$ g‘¶ C^aVo h¢,
Bg{bE Q>m°b‘¡Z H$m {gÕmÝV Ho$ {M• nyUm©H$ma ‘V ^r H$hm J¶m h¡&
Q>m°b‘¡Z H$m ¶h ‘V A{YJ‘ Ho$ {M•m| Ho$ Ad~moY na ~b XoVm h¡& ¶o
{M• H$s Amdí¶H$Vm H$s ny{V© H$aVo h¢& CÔoí¶m| H$mo àmá H$aZo Ho$ {bE amñVm|,
{d{Y¶m| Am{X H$m kmZ XoVm h¡& ì¶p³V O~ {H$gr ^r {H«$¶m H$m A{YJ‘ H$aVm
h¡, Vmo g~go nhbo dh g‘ñ¶m Ho$ g‘mYmZ hoVw AZoH$ VÎd EH$Ì H$aVm h¡&
BZ VÎdm| Ho$ AZwê$n h‘ à{V{H«$¶m H$aVo h¢& A{YJ‘ H$m AW© {d[^ÝZ CÔrnZ
Ho$ gå~ÝYm| H$mo nhMmZZm h¡& ì¶p³V H$s à{V{H«$¶m H$m AmYma AmemAm| Ed§
CÔoí¶m| H$m à˶jrH$aU h¡&
6.15.1 gmBZ-J¡ñQ>mëQ> {gÕmÝV H$s {deofVmE±
1. ¶h {gÕmÝV g§kmZmË‘H$ aMZm na ~b XoVm h¡& Bg‘| {M• Amem
VWm bú¶m| H$m {Zdoe hmoVm h¡&
2. ^m¡{VH$ {dkmZ ‘| J«m‘mUw H$m {deof ‘hÎd h¡& ¶hr AZwH$aU
‘Zmo{dkmZ ‘| ^r {H$¶m J¶m h¡&
3. grIZo dmbm AZw{H«$¶mAm| H$m A{YJ‘ CÔrnZm| Ho$ à˶j kmZ Ho$
ê$n ‘| H$aVm h¡&
4. ì¶dhma H$m n[aUm‘ bú¶ H$s ny{V© hmoVm h¡&
6.15.2 gmBZ-J¡ñQ>mëQ> {gÕmÝV H$s e¡{jH$ CnmXo¶Vm
Q>m°b‘¡Z H$m ‘V {ejm ‘| H${Vn¶ YmaUmAm| H$s ì¶m»¶m H$aVm h¡& ¶Ú{n
AܶmnH$ g§kmZmË‘H$ aMZm, {M• Am{X eãXm| H$m à¶moJ Vmo Zht H$aVo, naÝVw
AܶmnZ Ho$ g‘j BgH$m ³¶m AW© h¡, ³¶m g‘Po Am{X dm³¶m| H$m à¶moJ
Q>m°b‘¡Z Ho$ {gÕmÝV H$s nwpîQ> H$aVo h¢& Q>m°b‘¡Z Ho$ AZwgma, CZ bmoJm| H$m
ì¶dhma Omo A{YJ‘ àmá H$aVo h¢, J{V¶m| H$s Aݶ VpÝÌH$m ûm¥§Ibm àX{e©V
Zht H$aVm, ~pëH$ ¶h àX{e©V H$aVm h¡ {H$ ì¶dhma ‘| ~w{Õ H$m¶© H$aVr h¡&
1. AܶmnH$ H$mo Mm{hE {H$ dh N>mÌm| H$mo A{YJ‘ H$s OmZo dmbr {H«$¶m
Ho$ CÔoí¶ àm{á Ho$ gmYZ Am{X H$m ñnîQ>rH$aU H$a Xo&
2. ¶{X N>mÌm| Ho$ g‘j CÔoí¶ ñnîQ> h¡, Vmo do {H$gr {H«$¶m Ho$ A{YJ‘
‘| A{YH$ é{M b|Jo& AܶmnH$ H$mo Mm{hE {H$ dh H$jm Ho$ ‘mZ{gH$
Am¡a emar{aH$ ñVa VWm AmH$m§jmAm| H$m ܶmZ aIo&
6.16 ~y«Za H$m A{YJ‘ {gÕmÝV
{n¶mOo Ho$ {dMmam| Ho$ AZwJm‘r VWm {dH$mgmË‘H$ ‘Zmo{dkmZ Ho$ àdV©H$ Ho$ ê$n
‘| Oo. Eg. ~y«Za H$m Zm‘ {deof ê$n go CëboIZr¶ h¡& ~y«Za Zo ~m¡{ÕH$ {dH$mg
go gå~Õ ZdrZ gåà˶¶m| H$s CX²^mdZm H$s&
grIZo hoVw Bg nmR>-¶moOZm ‘| ~y«Za Ûmam {dH${gV à{V‘mZ (‘m°S>b)
1956 ‘| àñVwV {H$¶m J¶m Wm& BgH$m à¶moJ nmR>-¶moOZm gåàofU à˶¶-
{Zîn{Îm à{V‘mZ gyMZm àH$aU ‘| à‘wI òmoV Ho$ ê$n ‘| {H$¶m OmVm h¡&
AmJ‘Z VH©$ Ho$ {dH$mg hoVw ¶h à{V‘mZ {deof Cn¶moJr h¡& ~y«Za VWm Aݶ
‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| Zo AnZo emoYm| Ho$ Ûmam ¶h OmZZo H$m à¶ËZ {H$¶m {H$ ‘mZd
AnZo à˶¶m| H$s aMZm H¡$go H$aVm h¡ Am¡a CgHo$ AZwgma n¶m©daU ‘| dñVwAm|
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
àJʶ
Ho$ nañna gå~ÝYm| VWm gmÑí¶ H$mo {H$g àH$ma XoIVm h¡&
6.16.1 gåà˶¶
~y«Za Zo AnZo J«ÝW Towards Theory of Instruction ‘| {ZåZ{b{IV
gåà˶¶ àH$Q> {H$E h¢-
1. ~m¡{ÕH$ {dH$mg
~y«Za Zo ~m¡{ÕH$ [dH$mg Ho$ {ZåZm§{H$V VrZ MaU ¶m AdñWmE± ~VbmB© h¢-
1. ì¶dñWmnH$s¶ AdñWm - Bg AdñWm ‘| ~mbH$ {~Zm ~mobo {H«$¶mE±
H$aVm h¡, O¡go- KwQ>Zm| Ho$ ~b MbZm, {H$gr dñVw H$mo nH$‹S>Zo hoVw
hmW-n¡a {hbmZm Am{X&
2. ‘yVm©dñWm - Bg AdñWm ‘| ~mbH$ ‘yV© ê$n ‘| kmZ àmá H$aVm h¡&
dh ì¶dñWmnH$s¶ AdñWm ‘| à˶jrH$aU Ûmam {H«$¶mE± H$aVm h¡,
O~{H$ Bg AdñWm ‘| dh à˶jrH$aU Ûmam ‘yV© H$ënZm H$a AnZo
n¶m©daU H$m kmZ àmá H$aVm h¡&
3. àVrH$mË‘H$ AdñWm - Bg AdñWm ‘| ^mfm H$m {dH$mg hmoVm h¡
VWm ^mfm {M•m| d g§Ho$Vm| Ho$ Ûmam CZH$m gå~ÝY dñVwAm| d {dMmam|
go Omo‹S>m OmVm h¡& ¶h ~m¡{ÕH$ {dH$mg H$s ApÝV‘ ¶m CÀMV‘
AdñWm h¡, {Og‘| ~mbH$ AnZo AZw^dm| H$mo ^mfm go gå~Õ H$aVm
h¡& Bg àH$ma ~y«Za Zo ~mbH$ Ho$ ~m¡{ÕH$ {dH$mg Ho$ nyd© ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$
{gÕmÝVm| H$s ZB© ì¶m»¶m H$a CÝh| ñnîQ> {H$¶m, {Oggo {ejm-joÌ
‘| {ejU-A{YJ‘ à{H«$¶m H$mo à^mdr ~ZmZo ‘| ghm¶Vm {‘br h¡&
2. ImoOnyU© A{YJ‘
~y«Za Zo Xÿgam gåà˶¶ ImoOnyU© A{YJ‘ H$m {X¶m, {OgHo$ AZwgma {eúmm ‘|
AÝdofU {d{Y H$m ‘hÎd ñnîQ> {H$¶m J¶m& ~y«Za Zo ~Vbm¶m {H$ AÝdofU ¶m
ImoO {d{Y go ~mbH$ ‘| g¥OZerbVm H$s d¥{Õ hmoVr h¡ VWm CgH$s ñ‘¥{V,
{MÝVZ d {ZU©¶ ep³V H$m {dH$mg hmoVm h¡&
3. gåà˶¶ {Z‘m©U
gåà˶¶ {Z‘m©U H$m {dH$mgdmXr ‘Zmo{dkmZ ‘| gdm©{YH$ ‘hÎd h¡& ~y«Za Zo
~Vbm¶m {H$ gåà˶¶ {Z‘m©U e¡edmdñWm go hr Amaå^ hmo OmVm h¡ VWm Yrao-
Yrao gåà˶¶m| Ho$ g§JR>Z ‘| gm‘§Oñ¶ CËnÝZ hmo OmVm h¡& gåà˶¶m| go hr
g§kmZmË‘H$ {dH$mg hmoVm h¡& {ejm ‘| BZH$m {deof ‘hÎd h¡&
4. ^mfm {dH$mg
~y«Za Zo ~mbH$ Ho$ ^mfm-{dH$mg gå~ÝYr gåà˶¶ H$mo ñnîQ> {H$¶m& ^mfm H$m
{dH$mg àVrH$mË‘H$ ê$n ‘| hmoVm h¡& ^mfm {dMmam| H$mo gwJ‘ ~Zm XoVr h¡& ^mfm
{dH$mg na gm§ñH¥${VH$aU H$m à^md n‹S>Vm h¡& ^mfm go ~mbH$ Ho$ {dMmam| H$m
‘m¡{IH$sH$aU hmoVm h¡& {ejm ‘| BZ {dMmam| H$m gXþn¶moJ {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡&
5. ‘yb A{YJ‘
‘yb A{YJ‘ H$m AW© ZdrZ gåà˶¶ Ed§ VH©$ dm³¶m| H$m kmZ hmoVm h¡& BZHo$
kmZ H$s gdm}Îm‘ {d{Y AÝdofU {d{Y h¡&
Cnamo³V {dMmam| go ~y«Za Zo {dH$mgmË‘H$ ‘Zmo{dkmZ H$m {dH$mg {H$¶m
VWm {ejm-joÌ ‘| ZdrZ gåà˶¶m| Ho$ AZwà¶moJ H$m ‘mJ© Imobm& ~m¡{ÕH$
{dH$mg H$s AdñWmE± ñnîQ> H$a {ejU ‘| CZH$m ‘hÎd ~Vbm¶m& gåà˶¶
 àJʶ A{YJ‘ Ho$ {gÕmÝV n¥îR> 99

{Z‘m©U ‘| ImoOnyU© A{YJ‘ VWm ^mfm {dH$mg H$s à{H«$¶m H$mo g‘Pm H$a
{ejU H$mo à^mdr ~ZmZo H$m à¶mg {H$¶m& ~y«Za Zo BZ {dMmam| go {ejH$
Aä¶mgmW© àíZ
{ejU-A{YJ‘ à{H«$¶m H$mo à^mdnyU© d gwJ‘ ~ZmZo ‘| ghm¶Vm H$s VWm
g§kmZmË‘H$ {dH$mg hoVw ZdrZ à¶moJm| H$s àoaUm Xr&
1. à{V{H«$¶m H$m {dbmon hmoZm {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go {H$gHo$ ~mX A{YH$
6.16.2 ~y«Za Ho$ {ejU {gÕmÝV H$s {deofVmE± H${R>Z h¡?
1. A{YJ‘ AmYm[aV - {ejU H$m gX¡d A{YJ‘ AmYm[aV hmoZm& (1) Am§{eH$ nwZ~©bZ (2) {ZaÝVa nwZ~©bZ
2. kmZ H$s g§aMZm - kmZ AWdm {df¶dñVw H$m {Z¶moOZ A{YJ‘ H$mo (3) XÊS> (4) ‘m¡{IH$ ^Ëg©Zm
gab ~ZmZo Ho$ {bE {H$¶m OmE&
3. VmaVå¶Vm - {df¶dñVw VWm A{YJ‘ AZw^dm| ‘| H«$‘~ÕVm hmo& 2. grIZo H$s à{H«$¶m ‘| {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgm g~go Á¶mXm ‘hÎdnyU© h¡?
(1) ~ÀMo H$s AmZwd§{eH$Vm (2) grIZo H$s e¡br

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4. nwZ~©bZ - nwañH$ma, XÊS> Am{X go {ejU ‘| nwZ~©bZ {H$¶m Om¶o&
(3) ~ÀMm| H$m narjm n[aUm‘ (4) ~ÀMo H$s Am{W©H$ {ñW{V
6.16.3 ~y«Za Ho$ {ejU {gÕmÝV H$s e¡{jH$ CnmXo¶Vm 3. nwZ~©bZ H$m {gÕmÝV ........... go gå~pÝYV h¡&
1. {ejU {gÕmÝVm| Ho$ H$maU {ejm H$m Am¶moOZ H$jm-H$j ‘| ~mbH$m| (1) nmdbm°d (2) Wm°Z©S>mBH$
H$s Am¶w Ed§ kmZmË‘H$ {dH$mg Ho$ AmYma na {H$¶m OmZo bJm& (3) H$moh²b~J© (4) {ñH$Za
2. ~mbH$m| H$mo H$jm-H$j ‘| {X¶m OmZo dmbm kmZ nyd© A{YJ‘ na
AmYm[aV hmoZm Mm{hE& 4. grIZo H$m dh {gÕmÝV Omo nyU© ê$n go Am¡a Ho$db AdbmoH$Zr¶
3. ~mbH$ {gÕmÝV H$m AZwgaU H$aVm h¡& AV… ~mbH$ H$mo g{H«$¶ ì¶dhma na AmYm[aV h¡, grIZo Ho$ ........... {gÕmÝV go gå~Õ h¡&
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aIZm Mm{hE, g{H«$¶Vm go ~mbH$ OëXr grIVm h¡& (1) {dH$mgdmXr (2) ì¶dhmadmXr
4. ~mbH$ dñVwAm| H$m àVrH$m| Ho$ ê$n ‘| AdbmoH$Z H$a grIVm h¡& (3) aMZmdmXr (4) g§kmZdmXr
5. ~y«Za Ho$ {gÕmÝV Ûmam kmZ H$s g§aMZm na ~b {X¶m&
5. grIZo Ho$ AÝVÑ©pîQ> {gÕmÝV H$mo {H$gZo ~‹T>mdm {X¶m?
6. nmR²>¶H«$‘ {Z‘m©U Ed§ VmaVå¶Vm&
(1) JoñQ>mëQ> {gÕmÝVdmXr (2) ì¶dhmadmXr
7. nwZ~©bZ H$m A{YJ‘ ‘hÎd ~y«Za H$s XoZ h¡& (3) aMZmdmXr (4) g§kmZdmXr
8. {ejm ‘| AZwImoO A{YJ‘ H$m à{VnmXZ ~y«Za Ûmam {H$¶m J¶m&
9. ‘mZ{gH$ ñVa Ho$ AZwHy$b ZdrZ {ejU H$m¡ebm| H$m {dH$mg H$aZm 6. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgm grIZo H$m joÌ h¡?
Mm{hE& (1) ì¶mdgm{¶H$ (2) AmZw^{dH$
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10. {ejm joÌ ‘| AZw^dm| Ho$ AmYma na hr Aä¶mg H$admZm Mm{hE& (3) ^mdmË‘H$ (4) AmܶmpË‘H$
11. ~y«Za Ho$ {ejU {gÕmÝV Zo ~mb-‘Zmo{dkmZ ¶m ~mb-{dH$mg H$mo
ZB© {Xem àXmZ H$s 7. gyP H«${‘H$ VWm H«$‘~Õ hmoVr h¡& ¶h {H$gZo H$hm h¡?
(1) H$mohba Zo (2) dXu‘a Zo
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(3) H$moâH$m Zo (4) S>§H$a Zo
AJa Amn B.Ed, D.Ed, BSTC ¶m {ejU AܶmnZ Ho$ joÌ ‘| n‹T>mB© H$a
aho h¢ Vmo Amngo {ZdoXZ h¡ {H$ {ZåZ{b{IV Whatsapp No. AnZr H$jm 8. Amhm AZw^d grIZo Ho$ {H$g {gÕmÝV go gå~{ÝYV h¡?
Ho$ ìhmQ²>gEn Jw«n ‘| Omo‹S>|& AJa AmnH$m ìhmQ²>gEn Jw«n Zht ~Zm hþAm h¡ Vmo (1) à¶ËZ Ed§ ^yb {gÕmÝV go
H¥$n¶m H$‘ go H$‘ 20 {dÚmWu {‘bH$a ìhmQ²>gEn Jw«n ~Zm b|& (2) gyP {gÕmÝV go
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MP Samvida - 95302 43210 (4) AZwHy$bZ {gÕmÝV go ~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg
BTET - 95302 43210 nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m
UTET - 72209 29294 9. à^md àgma H$m gå~ÝY h¡- h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ>
JTET - 72209 29239 (1) gyP {gÕmÝV go www.praganya.org
HTET - 72209 29266 (2) à¶ËZ VWm ^yb {gÕmÝV go na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF
S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
CGTET - 72209 28969
(3) ³bm{gH$s AZw~ÝYZ {gÕmÝV go
HPTET - 72209 28535
(4) àdV©Z AZwHy$bZ {gÕmÝV go

AmnHo$ ³bmg Ho$ ìhmQ²>gEn Jw«n ‘| {ejm g§~§Yr g^r à{V¶moJr narjm Ho$ nong©,
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
‘m°S>b nong© Ed§ Aݶ Aܶ¶Z gm‘J«r ^oOr OmEJr& AmnH$m ewê$ go ‘mJ©Xe©Z
(1) (2) (4) (2) (2) (2) (4) (2) (2)
{H$¶m OmEJm, Vm{H$ Amn à{V¶moJr narjm ‘| A{VerK« g’$bVm àmá H$a gH|$&
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
 n¥îR> 100 A{YJ‘ Ho$ {gÕmÝV àJʶ
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
10. A{YJ‘ Ho$ g§H$bH$ (Eclectic) {gÕmÝV H$o à{VnmXH$ Wo- 18. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| H$m¡Zgm ^ybZo H$m {gÕmÝV h¡?
(1) J¡½Zo (2) Q>m°b‘¡Z (1) à{VñnYm©Ë‘H$ AdamoY (2) àVrnH$mar AdamoY
(3) {ñH$Za (4) hm°b (3) à{V~mo{YV AdamoY (4) à{VÀN>m{¶V AdamoY

11. O~ nyd© H$m A{YJ‘ ZB© pñW{V¶m| Ho$ grIZo H$mo {~ëHw$b à^m{dV Zht 19. dmQ>gZ VWm aoZa Ho$ à¶moJ ‘| AZw~pÝYV AZw{H«$¶m H$m¡Zgr Wr?
H$aVm, Vmo ¶h ........... H$hbmVm h¡& (1) CObm Myhm (2) S>a
(1) A{YJ‘ H$m eyݶ ñWmZmÝVaU (3) AmdmO (4) CObm amoE±Xma H$moQ>
(2) A{YJ‘ H$m {Zanoj ñWmZmÝVaU
(3) A{YJ‘ H$m gH$mamË‘H$ ñWmZmÝVaU 20. {H$g ‘Zmd¡km{ZH$ Zo A춳V A{YJ‘ H$m à˶¶ {X¶m?
(4) A{YJ‘ H$m ZH$mamË‘H$ ñWmZmÝVaU (1) Q>m°b‘¡Z (2) bo{dZ
(3) d¡ÊSw>am (4) {ñH$Za
12. ì¶dhma H$m H$aZm nj ........... ‘| AmVm h¡&
(1) grIZo Ho$ J{VH$ (H$moZo{Q>d) joÌ 21. {M•/g§Ho$V A{YJ‘ {gÕmÝV {H$ggo gå~{ÝYV h¡?
(2) grIZo Ho$ ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ joÌ (1) g§kmZmË‘H$Vm (2) ì¶dhmadmX
(3) grIZo Ho$ g§kmZmË‘H$ joÌ (3) g§kmZmË‘H$ nyU©H$ma (4) àH$m¶©dmX
(4) grIZo Ho$ ^mdmË‘H$ joÌ 22. A{YJ‘ H$m Vbê$n {gÕmÝV {X¶m-
13. grIZo Ho$ {gÕmÝVm| Ho$ gÝX^© ‘| ñH¡$’$mopëS>¨J ........... H$s Amoa g§Ho$V (1) Q>m°b‘¡Z Zo (2) bo{dZ Zo
(3) Wm°Z©S>mBH$ Zo (4) dmQ>gZ Zo
H$aVm h¡&
(1) AZwê${nV {ejH$ 23. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgm {gÕmÝV ¶h Xem©Vm h¡ {H$ Amno{jV ì¶dhma
(2) nyd© A{YJ‘ H$s nwZamd¥{Îm
Ho$ g{ÝZH$Q> gH$mamË‘H$ à{V{H«$¶m VWm nwZ~©bZ Ho$ ’$bñdê$n
(3) grIZo ‘| d¶ñH$m| Ûmam AñWmB© gh¶moJ
ì¶dhmamË‘H$ {dH$mg {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡?
(4) {dÚm{W©¶m| Ûmam H$s JB© Jb{V¶m| Ho$ H$maUm| H$m nVm bJmZm
(1) emñÌr¶ AZw~ÝYZ (2) dmÚ AZw~ÝYZ
14. nmdbm°d Ûmam Hw$Îmo na {H$E JE à¶moJ ‘| Añdm^m{dH$ CÔrnH$ (3) Am°naoÝQ> AZw~ÝYZ (4) gm‘m{OH$ AZw~ÝYZ
{ZåZm§{H$V ‘| go H$m¡Z Wm? 24. àmMrZ AZw~ÝYZ H$mo .......... ^r H$hm OmVm h¡&
(1) KÊQ>r H$s AmdmO (2) ^moOZ (1) Z¡{‘{ÎmH$ AZw~ÝYZ (2) {H«$¶m-àgyV AZw~ÝYZ
(3) bma òmd H$aZm (4) BZ‘| go H$moB© Zht (3) nmdbm°{d¶Z AZw~ÝYZ (4) Cn¶w©³V ‘| go H$moB© Zht
15. nmdbm°d Ûmam Hw$Îmo na {H$¶o JE à¶moJ ‘| AZw~pÝYV CÔrnH$ H$m¡Z Wm? 25. {H«$¶mË‘H$ AZw~ÝYZ H$m {gÕmÝV {H$gH$s XoZ ‘mZm OmVm h¡?
(1) KÊQ>r H$s AmdmO (1) Wm°Z©S>mBH$ (2) nmdbm°d
(2) bma òmd H$aZm (3) {ñH$Za (4) Cn¶w©³V ‘| go H$moB© Zht
(3) ^moOZ
(4) ñd¶§ nmdbm°d 26. S-R gå~ÝY nmE OmVo h¢- ~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg
nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m
(1) naånamJV g‘m¶moOZ ‘| h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
16. nmdbm°d Ho$ AZw~ÝYZ à¶moJ ‘|- (2) {H«$¶merb g‘m¶moOZ ‘| àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ>
(1) nhbo ^moOZMyU©, BgHo$ ~mX Üd{Z CnpñWV H$s J¶r Wr& www.praganya.org
(3) Wm°Z©S>mBH$ Ho$ {gÕmÝV ‘| na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF
(2) nhbo Üd{Z, VËníMmV ^moOZMyU© àñVwV {H$¶m J¶m Wm& (4) BZ g^r ‘| S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
(3) ^moOZ Ed§ Üd{Z XmoZm| gmW-gmW àñVwV {H$¶o J¶o Wo&
(4) Cn¶w©³V ‘o§ go H$moB© Zht 27. R-R VWm R-S gå~ÝY XmoZm| hr {dÚ‘mZ hmoVo h¢-
(1) naånamJV g‘m¶moOZ ‘|
17. nmdbm°d Zo grIZo Ho$ AZw~ÝY-à{V{H«$¶m {gÕmÝV H$m à{VnmXZ (2) {H«$¶merb g‘m¶moOZ ‘|
........... na à¶moJ H$aHo$ {H$¶m Wm& (3) Wm°Z©S>mBH$ Ho$ {gÕmÝV ‘|
(1) IaJmoe (2) Myho (4) BZ g^r ‘|
(3) Hw$Îmo (4) {~ëbr

10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27.
(1) (1) (3) (3) (2) (1) (2) (2) (2) (2) (1) (3) (2) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3)

~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
 àJʶ A{YJ‘ Ho$ {gÕmÝV n¥îR> 101

28. S àH$ma H$m AZw~ÝYZ ³¶m hmoVm h¡? 36. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go {H$g {ejm ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ Zo A{^àoaU Ed§ A{YJ‘
(1) naånamJV AZw~ÝYZ Ho$ ~rM gå~ÝY ñWm{nV H$aVo hþE ¶h H$hm {H$ A{^àoaU go CËnÝZ
(2) {H«$¶merb AZw~ÝYZ {H«$¶merbVm hr grIZo Ho$ {bE CÎmaXm¶r h¡?
(3) Wm°Z©S>mBH$ H$m {gÕmÝV (1) H$mohba Zo (2) {ñH$Za Zo
(4) ¶o g^r (3) Wm°Z©S>mBH$ Zo (4) dwS>dW© Zo
29. AZw~ÝYZ à¶moJ ‘| Ho$db AZw~pÝYV CÔrnH$ (Üd{Z) Ho$ CnpñWV 37. grIZo Ho$ CÔrnZ-AZw{H«$¶m {gÕmÝV Ho$ ‘w»¶ à{VnmXH$ H$m¡Z h¢?
H$aZo na hmoZo dmbr AZw{H«$¶m H$mo ³¶m H$hVo h¢? (1) Wm°Z©S>mBH$ (2) nmdbm°d
(1) AZmZw~pÝYV AZw{H«$¶m (2) AZw~pÝYV AZw{H«$¶m (3) H$mohba (4) {ñH$Za
(3) Aì¶ñV AZw{H«$¶m (4) Cn¶w©³V ‘§o go H$moB© Zht
38. grIZo H$s Ag’$bVmAm| H$m H$maU, g‘PZo H$s Ag’$bVmE± h¢& ¶h

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30. nånamJV AZw~ÝYZ H$m {gÕmÝV {ZåZ ‘| go {H$gZo à{Vnm{XV {H$¶m Wm? H$WZ {H$gH$m h¡? ~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg
(1) nmdbm°d Zo (2) {ñH$Za Zo (1) nmdbm°d H$m nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m
(3) Wm°Z©S>mBH$ Zo (4) BZ g^r Zo h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
(2) {ñH$Za H$m àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ>
(3) ‘g}b H$m www.praganya.org
31. H$m¶m©Ë‘H$ AZw~ÝYZ Ho$ à{VnmXH$ Wo- na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF
(4) dwS>dW© H$m S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
(1) nmdbm°d (2) {ñH$Za
(3) Wm°Z©S>mBH$ (4) BZ g^r Ho$ 39. O~ {H$gr {H«$¶m H$mo ~ma-~ma Xmoham¶m OmVm h¡, Vmo Añdm^m{dH$
CÔrnH$ ^r dhr à{V{H«$¶m XoZo bJVm h¡ Omo ñdm^m{dH$ CÔrnH$ XoVm
32. A{YJ‘ Ho$ à¶mg Ed§ Ìw{Q> {gÕmÝV Ho$ AZwgma, grIZo H$s à{H«$¶m
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h¡& ¶h A{YJ‘ H$m {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgm {gÕmÝV h¡?

‘| ì¶{³V Jb{V¶m± H$a gH$Vm h¡, {H$ÝVw ~ma-~ma {H$E JE à¶mgm|
(1) AÝVÑ©pîQ> {gÕmÝV
Ho$ ~mX dh grIZo ‘| g’$b hmo OmVm h¡& Bg {gÕmÝV H$m à{VnmXZ (2) emñÌr¶ AZw~ÝYZ {gÕmÝV
{H$gZo {H$¶m? (3) AZwH$aU H$m {gÕmÝV
(1) nmdbm°d Zo (2) Q>m°b‘¡Z Zo (4) AZw^dOݶ A{YJ‘ {gÕmÝV
(3) Wm°Z©S>mBH$ Zo (4) H$moh²b~J© Zo
40. A{YJ‘ Ho$ gÝX^© ‘| {ejmempñ̶m| Ed§ ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| Zo {d{dY àH$ma
33. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go A{YJ‘ ‘| H$m¡Zgm {gÕmÝV ¶h ~VmVm h¡ {H$ Hw$N> H$s n[a^mfmE± Xr h¢& BZ n[a^mfmAm| Ho$ AZwgma A{YJ‘ ..........
n‹T>m¶m OmE AWdm Hw$N> grIZo Ho$ {bE H$hm OmE, Vmo Cgo AnZo g‘J« MbZo dmbr EH$ {ZaÝVa à{H«$¶m h¡&
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ê$n ‘| hr ~ÀMm| Ho$ gm‘Zo àñVwV {H$¶m OmE? (1) OrdZ n¶©ÝV (2) {H$emoamdñWm VH$
(1) AÝVÑ©pîQ> ¶m gyP H$m {gÕmÝV (3) d¥ÕmdñWm VH$ (4) ¶wdmdñWm VH$
(2) g{H«$¶ AZw~ÝYZ {gÕmÝV
(3) AZwH$aU {gÕmÝV 41. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgm {gÕmÝV N>mÌm| Ho$ ì¶dhma H$mo dm§{N>V
(4) à¶mg Ed§ Ìw{Q> {gÕmÝV ñdê$n VWm {Xem àXmZ H$aZo ‘| {ejH$m| H$s ghm¶Vm H$aVm h¡?
(1) AÝVÑ©pîQ> {gÕmÝV
34. grIZm {dH$mg H$s à{H«$¶m h¡& ¶h H$WZ {H$gH$m h¡? (2) à¶mg Ed§ Ìw{Q> H$m {gÕmÝV
(1) JoQ²>g H$m (2) dwS>dW H$m
(3) AZwH$aU {gÕmÝV
(3) {ñH$Za H$m (4) H$mohba H$m
(4) AZw^dOݶ A{YJ‘ {gÕmÝV
35. A{YJ‘ H$s à{H«$¶m Ho$ EH$ MaU Ho$ ê$n ‘| N>mÌm| H$s Ìw{Q>¶m| H$m nVm 42. A{YJ‘ H$m H$m¡Zgm {gÕmÝV ¶h ~VmVm h¡ {H$ grIZo hoVw H$m¶© H$mo
bJmZo Ho$ {bE {ejH$ H$mo {ZåZ{b[IV ‘| {H$gH$s OmZH$mar gdm©{YH$ XmohamZm Amdí¶H$ h¡?
Amdí¶H$ h¡? (1) à¶mg Ed§ Ìw{Q> H$m {gÕmÝV
(1) A{YJ‘ H$s d¡H$pënH$ AdYmaUmE± (2) emñÌr¶ AZw~ÝYZ H$m {gÕmÝV
(2) A{YJ‘ H$mo à^m{dV H$aZo dmbo H$maH$ (3) AZw^dOݶ A{YJ‘ H$m {gÕmÝV
(3) A{YJ‘H$Vm© H$s gm‘m{OH$-Am{W©H$ {ñW{V (4) AZwH$aU H$m {gÕmÝV
(4) Cnamo³V g^r

28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42.
(2) (2) (1) (2) (3) (1) (2) (2) (2) (1) (3) (2) (1) (2) (3)

~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
 n¥îR> 102 A{YJ‘ Ho$ {gÕmÝV àJʶ
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43. A{YJ‘ Ho$ {H$g {gÕmÝV Ho$ AmYma na ~mbH$ ‘| ^¶, ào‘ Ed§ K¥Um 51. {ZåZ ‘| go H$m¡Zgm CXmhaU A{YJ‘ H$mo àX{e©V H$aVm h¡?
Ho$ ^md AmgmZr go CËnÝZ {H$E Om gH$Vo h¢? (1) hmW Omo‹S>H$a AܶmnH$ H$m A{^dmXZ H$aZm
(1) AZw^dOݶ A{YJ‘ {gÕmÝV (2) ñdm{XîQ> ^moOZ XoIH$a ‘w±h ‘| bma H$m AmZm
(2) AÝVÑ©pîQ> {gÕmÝV (3) M‹T>Zm, ^mJZm Ed§ ’|$H$Zm, VrZ go nm±M df© H$s AdñWm ‘|
(3) emñÌr¶ AZw~ÝYZ {gÕmÝV (4) BZ‘| go g^r
(4) à¶mg Ed§ Ìw{Q> H$m {gÕmÝV
52. AÝVÑ©pîQ> AWm©V² gyP Ho$ Ûmam grIZo H$m {gÕmÝV J¡ñQ>mëQ>dmXr
44. {H$gr CÔrnZ Ho$ {ZaÝVa {XE OmZo go ì¶dhma ‘| hmoZo dmbm AñWm¶r ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ H$s XoZ h¡& ¶h {gÕmÝV {H$gHo$ {bE gdm©{YH$ Cn¶moJr
n[adV©Z H$hbmVm h¡- h¡?
(1) Aä¶ñVVm (2) A{YJ‘ (1) ‘ÝX~w{Õ ~mbH$m| Ho$ {bE (2) Vrd«~w{Õ ~mbH$m| Ho$ {bE
(3) AñWm¶r A{YJ‘ (4) A{^àoaUm (3) nmJbm| Ho$ {bE (4) AZn‹T>m| Ho$ {bE

45. ì¶dhma ‘| hmoZo dmbo ñWm¶r n[adV©Z, Omo Aä¶mg Ho$ H$maU hmoVo h¢, 53. A{YJ‘ H$m H$m¡Zgm {gÕmÝV nmR²>¶H«$‘ Ho$ {d{^ÝZ A§Jm| Ho$ EH$sH$aÊm
H$mo H$hm OmVm h¡- na Omoa XoVm h¡?
(1) grIZm (2) gmoMZm (1) CÔrnZ-AZw{H«$¶m {gÕmÝV
(3) {H«$¶m H$aZm (4) H$ënZm H$aZm (2) gå~ÝY-AZw{H«$¶m {gÕmÝV
(3) J¡ñQ>mëQ> {gÕmÝV
46. J¡½Zo {ZåZ ‘| go {H$ggo gå~pÝYV h¡? (4) Cnamo³V g^r
(1) A{YJ‘ H$m loUrH«$‘ (2) A{YJ‘ Ho$ {gÕmÝV
(3) A{YJ‘ H$m ‘yë¶m§H$Z (4) A{YJ‘ H$m à~ÝYZ 54. AÝVÑ©pîQ> Ûmam A{YJ‘ H$m à{VnmXZ {H$¶m J¶m-
(1) J¡ñQ>mëQ> ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| Ûmam (2) OrZ {n¶mOo Ûmam
47. Am§{eH$ nwZ~©bZ- (3) nmdbm°d Ûmam (4) dmBJmoËñH$s Ûmam
(1) gVV² nwZ~©bZ H$s Anojm A{YH$ à^mdr hmoVm h¡&
(2) gVV² nwZ~©bZ H$s Anojm H$‘ à^mdr hmoVm h¡& 55. ^yb Am¡a à¶mg Ûmam A{YJ‘ Ho$ {gÕmÝV H$m à{VnmXZ {ZåZ ‘| go
(3) dmñV{dH$ H$jm H$j ‘| AZwà¶w³V Zht {H$¶m Om gH$Vm& {H$gZo {H$¶m Wm?
(4) newAm| H$mo à{e{jV H$aZo ‘| gdm©{YH$ H$m¶© H$aVm h¡& (1) Wm°Z©S>mBH$ Zo (2) h|JmQ>r Zo
(3) H$mohba Zo (4) {n¶mOo Zo
48. A{^àoaUm Ho$ {gÕmÝVm| Ho$ AZwgma, EH$ {ejH$ .......... Ho$ Ûmam
grIZo H$mo g§d{Õ©V H$a gH$Vm h¡& 56. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go {H$g ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ Zo A{YJ‘ H$m AZw~{ÝYV
(1) {dÚm{W©¶m| go dmñV{dH$ AnojmE± aIZo AZw{H«$¶m {gÕmÝV H$m à{VnmXZ {H$¶m?
(2) AnojmAm| H$m EH$ê$n ñVa aIZo (1) nmdbm°d Zo (2) Wm°Z©S>mBH$ Zo
(3) {dÚm{W©¶m| go {H$gr àH$ma H$s AnojmE± Z aIZo (3) bm°¶S> ‘m°J©Z Zo (4) Ebo³OoÊS>a Zo
(4) {dÚm{W©¶m| go ~hþV CÀM AnojmE± aIZo
57. JoñQ>mëQ>dm{X¶m| Ho$ AZwgma AÝVÑ©pîQ> H$mo à^m{dV H$aVr h¡-
49. EH$ {dÚmWu JwUZ Ho$ gdmbm| H$mo hb H$aZm grIVm h¡& dh AnZo Omo‹S> (1) ~w{Õ
Ho$ nyd© kmZ H$m à¶moJ H$aVm h¡& Bg àH$ma Ho$ A{YJ‘ AÝVaU H$mo (2) g‘ñ¶m H$s aMZm
³¶m H$hm OmVm h¡? (3) à˶jrH$aU
(1) YZmË‘H$ AÝVaU (2) j¡{VO AÝVaU (4) C³V g^r
(3) D$Üd© AÝVaU (4) {Ûnmpíd©H$ AÝVaU
58. H$mohba Zo AnZm A{YJ‘ {gÕmÝV à{Vnm{XV H$aZo Ho$ {bE à¶moJ
50. {ZåZ ‘| go H$m¡Zgr {deofVm n[an³dVm H$mo A{YJ‘ go AbJ H$aVr h¡? {H$¶m-
(1) ¶h EH$ ñdm^m{dH$ à{H«$¶m h¡& (1) Ab~Q>© Zm‘H$ ~ÝXa na
(2) ¶h Aä¶mg na {Z^©a H$aVr h¡& (2) Ab~Q>© Zm‘H$ {Mån¢Or na
(3) ¶h àoaH$m| na {Z^©a H$aVr h¡& (3) gwëVmZ Zm‘H$ ~ÝXa na
(4) ¶h OrdZ n¶©ÝV MbZo dmbr à{H«$¶m h¡& (4) gwëVmZ Zm‘H$ {Mån¢Or na

43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58.
(3) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (3) (2) (4) (2) (3) (1) (1) (1) (4) (4)

~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
 àJʶ A{YJ‘ Ho$ {gÕmÝV n¥îR> 103

59. N>… dZ‘mZwf d Ho$bm| H$m à¶moJ {H$¶m Wm- 70. EH$ ~mbH$ Zo EH$ Hw$Îmo H$mo S>ÊS>o go ‘maH$a ^Jm {X¶m& A~ O~ ^r
(1) H$mohba Zo (2) {ñH$Za Zo Hw$Îmm ~mbH$ H$mo XoIVm h¡, Vmo VwaÝV ^mJ OmVm h¡& Hw$Îmo H$s ¶h grIZo
(3) JwS> Zo (4) S>o{dg Zo H$s {H«$¶m {H$g àH$ma H$s h¡?
(1) AZwH$aU àd¥{Îm Ûmam grIZm
60. gyP dmñV{dH$ pñW{V H$m AmH$pñ‘H$, {ZpíMV Am¡a VmËH$m{bH$ kmZ (2) gå~Õ ghO {H«$¶m Ûmam grIZm
h¡& ¶h H$WZ h¡- (3) gyP Ûmam grIZm
(1) H$mohba H$m (2) pñH$Za H$m (4) à¶mg Ed§ Ìw{Q> Ûmam grIZm
(3) JwS> H$m (4) S>o{dg H$m
71. ì¶dhma ‘| CÎmamoÎma AZwHy$bZ H$s à{H«$¶m hr A{YJ‘ h¡& ¶h {H$gZo
61. {H$gr AmJÝVwH$ Ho$ AmZo na XadmμOm ImobZo Ho$ ì¶dhma H$mo Amn ³¶m H$hm?
H$h§oJo? (1) dwS>dW© Zo (2) Wm°Z©S>mBH$ Zo

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(1) {H«$¶mË‘H$ ì¶dhma (2) Am°naoÝQ> ì¶dhma (3) B©. E. nrb Zo (4) {ñH$Za Zo
(3) à{V{H«$¶mË‘H$ ì¶dhma (4) Cn¶w©³V ‘| go H$moB© Zht
72. ~mbH$m| ‘| A{YJ‘ gå~ÝYr ¶mo½¶mVmAm| H$m {dH$mg hmoVm h¡-
62. JoñQ>mëQ>dm{X¶m| Zo n[apñW{V Ho$ ghr à˶jrH$aU H$mo ³¶m H$hm h¡? (1) AmË‘m{^ì¶p³V go
(1) àm˶{jH$ ñW¶© (2) àm˶{jH$ gwajm (2) aMZmË‘H$ {H«$¶mH$bmnm| Ho$ ‘mܶ‘ go
(3) AÝVÑ©pîQ> (4) àm˶{jH$ gVH©$Vm (3) AmË‘ ‘§WZ go
(4) gh¶moJmË‘H$ H$m¶m] go
63. Wm°Z©S>mBH$ ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ Wo-
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(1) {~«Q>oZ Ho$ (2) A‘o[aH$m Ho$ 73. n¶©dojU A{YJ‘ BZ‘| go {H$gH$s XoZ h¡?
(3) ^maV Ho$ (4) ê$g Ho$ (1) {ñH$Za (2) dmQ>gZ
(3) Wm°Z©S>mBH$ (4) d¡ÊSw>am
64. {ñH$Za Zo Z¡{‘{ÎmH$ AZw~ÝYZ gå~ÝYr à¶moJ {H$g na {H$¶m Wm?
(1) {~ëbr na (2) Myho na 74. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go {H$g A{YJ‘ àUmbr ‘| ‘mZd ‘pñVîH$ H$m g~go
(3) Hw$Îmo na (4) ~ÝXa na
A{YH$ à¶moJ hmoVm h¡?
65. Z¡{‘{ÎmH$ AZw~ÝYZ H$mo Aݶ {H$g Zm‘ go OmZm OmVm h¡? (1) AZwH$aU (2) AZw~ÝYZ
(1) emñÌr¶ AZw~ÝYZ (2) nmdbm°{d¶Z AZw~ÝYZ (3) à¶ËZ Am¡a ^yb (4) AÝVÑ©pîQ>
(3) àmMrZ AZw~ÝYZ (4) {H«$¶m-àgyV AZw~ÝYZ
75. EH$ pñW{V ‘| A{YJ‘ Ho$ Xÿgar pñW{V Ho$ A{YJ‘ H$mo à^m{dV H$aZo
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66. {ZåZ{b{IV ¶w½‘m| ‘| go Ag˶ ¶w½‘ H$m¡Zgm h¡? H$m ³¶m Zm‘ h¡?
(1) {ñH$Za-Myhm (2) Wm°Z©S>mBH$-{~ëbr (1) à{ejU AÝVaU (2) gånmofU
(3) nmdbm°d-Hw$Îmm (4) H$mohba-H$~yVa (3) AZw~ÝYZ (4) AZwH$aU

67. Eogo ì¶dhma, Omo kmV Ed§ {ZpíMV CÔrnH$m| Ûmam hmoVo h¢, CÝh| H$hVo h¢- 76. Q>m°b‘¡Z Zo grIZo H$mo {H$Z XmoZm| Ho$ ~rM gmhM¶© ñWm{nV hmoZm ‘mZm
(1) K{Q>V ì¶dhma (2) à{VH¥$V ì¶dhma h¡?
(3) à˶j ì¶dhma (4) Aà˶j ì¶dhma (1) CÔrnH$-AZw{H«$¶m (2) AZw{H«$¶m-AZw{H«$¶m
(3) 1 d 2 XmoZm| (4) Cn¶w©³V ‘§o go H$moB© Zht
68. Wm°Z©S>mBH$ Ho$ à¶moJ ‘| {~ëbr Ho$ {bE nwañH$ma ñdê$n Wm-
(1) CbPZ ~m°³g (2) à¶moJH$Vm© 77. AÝVÑ©pîQ> H¡$go hmoVr h¡?
(3) ^moOZ (4) Cn¶w©³V ‘| go H$moB© Zht (1) AmH${ñ‘H$ (2) Yrao-Yrao
(3) A{Z{íMV (4) Cn¶w©³V ‘| go H$moB© Zht
69. Wm°Z©S>mBH$ Ho$ à¶ËZ Ed§ Ìw{Q> {gÕmÝV ‘| {H$g na {deof ~b Zht
{X¶m J¶m h¡? 78. ³bm{gH$s AZw~ÝYZ H$m àdV©H$ H$m¡Z h¡?
(1) àoaUm (2) Aä¶mg (1) Wm°Z©S>mBH$ (2) {ñH$Za
(3) g‘P (4) Cn¶w©³V ‘§o go H$moB© Zht (3) hb (4) nmdbm°d

59. 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 67. 68. 69. 70. 71. 72. 73. 74. 75. 76. 77. 78.
(1) (3) (2) (3) (2) (2) (4) (4) (2) (3) (3) (2) (4) (2) (4) (4) (1) (1) (1) (4)

~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
 n¥îR> 104 A{YJ‘ Ho$ {gÕmÝV àJʶ
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
79. A{YJ‘ H$m gåàofU hmoVm h¡, O~ g‘mZVm hmo- Hy$Q>- A B C D
(1) grIZo dmbm| ‘| (2) qbJm| ‘|
(1) 3 1 2 4
(3) C‘« dJ© ‘| (4) H$m¶m] ‘|
(2) 2 4 1 3
80. A{YJ‘ Ho$ {dH$mg ‘| {ZåZ ‘§o go g~go ‘hÎdnyU© ³¶m h¡? (3) 4 1 2 3
(1) ì¶ñV {dÚmb¶ H$m¶©H«$‘ (2) A{YH$ nmR²>¶ nwñVH|$
(4) 1 4 3 2
(3) A{YJ‘ CËào[aV dmVmdaU (4) CËgwH$ ‘mVm-{nVm
88. {ZåZ{b{IV H$WZm| na {dMma H$s{OE-
81. S>rdr grIZo H$m AmYma {H$go ‘mZVo Wo?
1. CÔrnZ VWm nwZ~©bZ ñdVÝÌ Ma h¢&
(1) {H«$¶mAm| H$mo (2) AmË‘m H$mo
2. AZw{H«$¶m EH$ Am{lV Ma h¡&
(3) ~w{Õ H$mo (4) kmZopÝжm| H$mo
Cnamo³V H$WZm| ‘| H$m¡Zgm/go H$WZ ghr h¡/h¢?
82. {ZåZ ‘| go H$m¡Zgm H$m‘ {ejU A{YJ‘ à{H«$¶m ‘| g~go nhbo {H$¶m (1) Ho$db 1 (2) Ho$db 2
OmVm h¡? (3) 1 Am¡a 2 (4) Z Vmo 1 Am¡a Z hr 2
(1) CÔoí¶m| H$m {ZYm©aU (2) aUZr{V¶m| H$m M¶Z 89. {ZåZ{b{IV H$WZm| na {dMma H$s{OE-
(3) CÔoí¶ {bIZm (4) H$m¶© {díbofU
1. H$mohba Zo AÝVÑ©pîQ> Ûmam A{YJ‘ Ho$ joÌ ‘| AZoH$ à¶moJ {H$E&
83. JoñQ>mëQ> ñHy$b Am’$ gmBH$mobm°Or Ho$ àUoVm h¢- 2. H$mohba Ho$ à¶moJm| Zo ¶h {gÕ H$a {X¶m {H$ new ‘| AÝVÑ©pîQ> CËnÝZ
(1) H$mohba (2) {ñH$Za hmoZo go nyd© g‘ñ¶m Ho$ g^r A§Jmo| Ho$ ‘ܶ gå~ÝY ñnîQ> hmo OmVm h¡,
(3) noñQ>mbm°Or (4) dmQ>gZ V^r dh CZH$m nwZJ©R>Z H$a gH$Vm h¡&
Cnamo³V H$WZm| ‘| H$m¡Zgm/go H$WZ ghr h¡/ h¢?
84. h‘ H$aHo$ grIVo h¢& ¶h {H$gZo H$hm? (1) Ho$db 1 (2) Ho$db 2
(1) S>m°. ‘og Zo (2) ¶mo³‘ Zo (3) 1 Am¡a 2 (4) Z Vmo 1 Am¡a Z hr 2
(3) H$mobog{ZH$ Zo$ (4) {gångZ Zo
90. hb H$m nwZ~©bZ {gÕmÝV à{Vnm{XV {H$¶m J¶m Wm?
85. g{H«$¶ AZw~ÝYZ AZw{H«$¶m H$mo {ZåZ{b{IV ê$n ‘| àñVwV {H$¶m (1) df© 1915 ‘| (2) df© 1916 ‘|
OmVm h¡- (3) df© 1917 ‘| (4) df© 1918 ‘|
(1) CÔrnZ " AZw{H«$¶m " nwZ~©bZ
(2) CÔrnZ " nwZ~©bZ " AZw{H«$¶m
91. {ZåZ{b{IV H$WZm| na {dMma H$s{OE-
1. AÝVÑ©pîQ> {gÕmÝV Ho$ g‘W©H$ ‘w»¶ ê$n go O‘©Zr Ho$ JoñQ>mëddmXr
(3) AZw{H«$¶m " CÔrnZ " nwZ~©bZ
‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ h¢&
(4) Cnamo³V ‘| go H$moB© Zht
2. AÝVÑ©pîQ> Ûmam A{YJ‘ H$s {dMmaYmam Ho$ d¡km{ZH$m| H$m {dMma h¡ {H$
86. A{YJ‘ H$m gmB‘Z-JoñQ>mëQ> {gÕmÝV H$m à{VnmXZ {H$¶m h¡- ì¶p³V à¶ËZ Am¡a ^yb Ûmam Zht grIVm&
(1) am°~Q>© J¡½Zo Zo (2) Q>m°b‘¡Z Zo Cnamo³V H$WZm| ‘| H$m¡Zgm/go H$WZ ghr h¡/h¢?
(3) dmQ>gZ Zo (4) BZ‘| go H$moB© Zht (1) Ho$db 1 (2) Ho$db 2
(3) 1 Am¡a 2 (4) Z Vmo 1 Am¡a Z hr 2
87. gw‘o{bV H$s{OE-
gyMr I gyMr II 92. {ZåZ{b{IV H$WZm| na {dMma H$s{OE-
1. AÝVÑ©pîQ> Ûmam A{YJ‘ H$s {d{Y Ûmam grIZo ‘| ‘mZ{gH$ à¶mg {H$¶m
A. ~w{Õ 1. AÝVÑ©pîQ> H$m gå~ÝY àmUr H$s OmVm h¡&
~w{Õ go hmoVm h¡& 2. AÝVÑ©pîQ> Ûmam A{YJ‘ H$s {d{Y Ûmam ‘Zwî¶ Ho$ A{V[a³V new ^r grI
B. AZw^d 2. ^yb ‘| à¶ËZ Adí¶ hmoVm h¡& gH$Vo h¢&
C. à˶jrH$aU 3. g‘ñ¶m H$m nyU©ê$noU à˶jrH$aU Cnamo³V H$WZm| ‘| H$m¡Zgm/go H$WZ ghr h¡/h¢?
(1) Ho$db 1 (2) Ho$db 2
D. à¶mg VWm Ìw{Q> 4. AÝVÑ©pîQ> Ho$ {dH$mg ‘| ‘hÎdnyU©
(3) 1 Am¡a 2 (4) Z Vmo 1 Am¡a Z hr 2
^y{‘H$m

79. 80. 81. 82. 83. 84. 85. 86. 87. 88. 89. 90. 91. 92.
(3) (3) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (2) (4) (3) (3) (1) (3) (1)

~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
 àJʶ A{YJ‘ Ho$ {gÕmÝV n¥îR> 105

93. {ZåZ{b{IV H$WZm| na {dMma H$s{OE- 99. {ZåZ H$WZm| ‘| go H$m¡Zgm A{YJ‘ H$m gyÌ Zht h¡?
1. Wm°Z©S>mBH$ Ho$ AZwgma {Og H$m¶© H$mo H$aZo go ì¶p³V H$mo gÝVmof {‘bVm (1) gab go H${R>Z H$s Amoa
h¡, Cgo dh ~ma-~ma H$aVm h¡& (2) {d{eîQ> go gm‘mݶ H$s Amoa
2. Wm°Z©S>mBH$ Ho$ AZwgma O~ EH$ pñW{V Am¡a AZw{H«$¶m Ho$ ‘ܶ EH$ (3) ‘yV© go A‘yV© H$s Amoa
n[adV©Zr¶ g§¶moJ ~ZVm h¡ Am¡a CgHo$ gmW hr ¶m CgHo$ n[aUm‘ñdê$n (4) kmV go AkmV H$s Amoa
gÝVmofOZH$ AdñWm n¡Xm hmoVr h¡, Vmo Cg g§¶moJ H$s e{³V ~‹T> OmVr
h¡& 100. {dÚm{W©¶m| ‘| nmE OmZo dmbr A{YJ‘ e¡{b¶m| ‘| {^ÝZVm H$m H$maU
Cnamo³V H$WZm| ‘| H$m¡Zgm/go H$WZ ghr h¡/h¢? hmo gH$Vm h¡-
(1) Ho$db 1 (2) Ho$db 2 (1) {dÚmWu Ho$ g‘mOrH$aU H$s à{H«$¶m
(3) 1 Am¡a 2 (4) Z Vmo 1 Am¡a Z hr 2 (2) {dÚmWu Ûmam AnZmB© OmZo dmbr {MÝVZ H$s ¶wp³V¶m±
(3) n[adma H$m Am{W©H$ ñVa

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94. {ZåZ{b{IV H$WZm| na {dMma H$s{OE- (4) ~mbH$ H$m nmbZ-nmofU
1. AZw~ÝYZ AZw{H«$¶m {gÕmÝV ¶mpÝÌH$sH$aU na ~b XoVm h¡&
2. àm¡‹T> VWm n[an³d ‘Zwî¶ na Bg {gÕmÝV H$m à^md Zht n‹S>Vm& 101. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgm nmdbm°{d¶Z AZw~ÝYZ ‘| Amdí¶H$ Zht
Cnamo³V H$WZm| ‘§o H$m¡Zgm/go H$WZ ghr h¡/h¢? h¡?
(1) Ho$db 1 (2) Ho$db 2 (1) à~bZ (2) gm‘r߶
(3) 1 Am¡a 2 (4) Z Vmo 1 Am¡a Z hr 2 (3) AmZwf§{JH$Vm (4) CËg{O©V AZw{H«$¶m

95. {ZåZ{b{IV H$WZm| na {dMma H$s{OE- 102. {ñH$Za Ho$ AZwgma ^mfm H$s Adm{ßV hmoVr h¡-
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1. AZw~ÝYZ AZw{H«$¶m Yrao-Yrao ñd^md ~Z OmVr h¡& ñd^md H$m OrdZ (1) AZwH$aU Ûmam
‘| ‘hÎdnyU© ñWmZ h¡& (2) g§kmZmË‘H$ à{V{Z{YËd Ûmam
2. AZw~ÝYZ-AZw{H«$¶m {gÕmÝV H$s ghm¶Vm go ~mbH$m§o ‘| AÀN>r (3) CÔrnH$-AZw{H«$¶m à{V‘mZ Ûmam
A{^d¥{Îm¶m± {dH${gV H$s Om gH$Vr h¢& (4) ³bm{gH$s AZw~ÝYZ Ûmam
Cnamo³V H$WZm| ‘| H$m¡Zgm/go H$WZ ghr h¡/h¢?
(1) Ho$db 1 (2) Ho$db 2 103. H$moB© ^r àm¶mo{JH$ g§{H«$¶m, {Oggo {H$gr à{V{H«$¶m Ho$ K{Q>V hmoZo H$s
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(1) à~bZ (2) g§Ho$V
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Ho$ {bE ì¶dhma ‘| hmoZo dmbo g^r àH$ma Ho$ n[adV©Z g{å‘{bV h¢&
Cnamo³V H$WZ {H$ggo gå~pÝYV h¡? 104. CZ CÔrnZ Ho$ à{V, Omo AZw~pÝYV CÔrnZm| Ho$ g‘ê$n hmoVo h¢, {H$ÝVw
(1) qH$½gbo Ed§ J¡ar go (2) JmS>©Za ‘’$s© go H$^r CZHo$ gmW ¶wp½‘V Zht hþE, AZw~pÝYV AZw{H«$¶m XoZo H$s àd¥{Îm
(3) dmQ>gZ go (4) BZ‘| go H$moB© Zht H$mo ........... H$hVo h¢&
(1) {d^oXZ (2) AZw{H«$¶m gm‘mݶrH$aU
97. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgm H$WZ nwZ~©bZ {gÕmÝV H$s {ejm ‘| (3) CÔrnZ gm‘mݶrH$aU (4) {d{H$aU
Cn¶moJ Ho$ AmVm h¡?
(1) Bg {gÕmÝV ‘| Bg ~mV na ~b {X¶m OmVm h¡ {H$ {d{^ÝZ {H«$¶mAm| ‘| 105. d¡ÊSw>am Ho$ àojUmË‘H$ A{YJ‘ {gÕmÝV ‘| {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgm
~ÀMm| H$s Amdí¶H$VmAm| na ܶmZ {X¶m OmE& EH$ KQ>H$ Zht h¢?
(2) g’$bVm àmßV H$aZo na ~mbH$m| H$mo nwañH$ma {X¶m OmE& (1) ñWmZmnÝZ nwZ~©bZ (2) à{V‘mZ
(3) H$jm ‘| n‹T>mB© OmZo dmbr dñVw Ho$ CÔoí¶ ñnîQ> hm|& (3) g§H$oV (4) àbmo^H$
(4) Cnamo³V g^r
106. {H«$¶m àgyV A{YJ‘ Ho$ gÝX^© ‘| AYmoàXÎm ‘| go H$m¡Z EH$ ~o‘ob
98. grIZm H$s n[a^mfm g~go AÀN>r ............ Ho$ AW© ‘| Xr OmVr h¡& nX h¡?
(1) ì¶dhma n[adV©Z (2) ì¶dhma n[adO©Z (1) {dñVmaU (2) g§M{¶V à{VdV©
(3) Cn¶w©³V XmoZm| (4) BZ‘| go H$moB© Zht (3) nwZ~©bZ AZwgyMr (4) àVrH$ {‘Vì¶{¶Vm

93. 94. 95. 96. 97. 98. 99. 100. 101. 102. 103. 104. 105. 106.
(3) (3) (3) (2) (4) (3) (2) (1) (3) (4) (1) (3) (4) (1)

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 n¥îR> 106 A{YJ‘ Ho$ {gÕmÝV àJʶ
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107. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘o§ go H$m¡Z {H«$¶m àgyV AZw~ÝYZ Ho$ ‘yb ‘ÝVì¶ H$m 115. ^yb^wb¡¶m ‘| Myhm| na Q>m°b‘¡Z Ûmam {H$¶o J¶o à¶moJ H$m CÔoí¶ Aܶ¶Z
dU©Z H$aVm h¡? H$aZm Wm-
(1) Cn¶w³V n[a{ñW{V¶m| ‘| H$moB© àmUr H$moB© ^r AZw{H«$¶m H$aZm grI (1) {H«$¶m àgyV AZw~ÝYZ A{YJ‘ H$m
gH$Vm h¡& (2) à¶mg Ed§ Ìw{Q> A{YJ‘ H$m
(2) àmUr CZ AZw{H«$¶mAm| H$mo {ZJ©V H$aZm grI boVo h¢, Omo CZHo$ {b¶o (3) A춳V A{YJ‘ H$m
A{YH$V‘ bm^H$maH$ hmo& (4) ³bm{gH$s AZw~ÝYZ A{YJ‘ H$m
(3) ì¶dhmam| H$m ê$nm§H$Z CZHo$ AnZo n[aUm‘m| Ûmam hmoVm h¡&
(4) ì¶{³V Ho$db V^r grIVo h¢, O~ do grIZm MmhVo h¢& 116. {Og {ejU-dH«$ ‘| Aä¶mg VWm grIZo H$s ‘mÌm Ho$ ~rM gå~ÝY
~Vbm¶m OmVm h¡, Cgo H$hm OmVm h¡-
108. {ñH$Za Ûmam à{Vnm{XV AZw~ÝYZ H$mo H$hm OmVm h¡- (1) CËnmXZ dH«$ (2) H$mb dH«$
(1) Q>mB©n-Eg AZw~ÝYZ (2) Q>mB©n-Ama AZw~ÝYZ (3) Ìw{Q> dH«$ (4) Eg-AmH$mar¶ dH«$
(3) Q>mB©n-~r AZw~ÝYZ (4) Q>mB©n-E AZw~ÝYZ
117. {Og {ejU-dH«$ go ¶h nVm Mbo {H$ {ejU H$s J{V àmaå^ ‘| Vrd«
109. Wm°Z©S>mBH$ Ûmam {H$¶o JE à¶moJm| ‘| nhobr ~m°³g H$m Cn¶moJ H$m’$s hmoVr h¡, naÝVw ~mX Ho$ à¶mgm| ‘| ‘ÝX hmo OmVr h¡, Cgo H$hm OmVm h¡-
{H$¶m J¶m Wm& {Og ~m°³g H$m Cn¶moJ grIZo Ho$ à¶moJm| ‘| H$m’$s (1) g‘mZ-{ZînmXZ dH«$
{H$¶m J¶m h¡, dh h¡- (2) dÕ©‘mZ {ZînmXZ dH«$
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(3) Ho$ba ~m°³g (4) BZ‘| go Hw$N> ^r Zht (4) Eg-AmH$mar¶ {ZînmXZ dH«$

110. hb Ûmam à{Vnm{XV {gÕmÝV {Z‘m©U H$s {d{Y H$mo ³¶m H$hm OmVm h¡? 118. {Og {ejU-dH«$ go ¶h nVm Mbo {H$ {ejU J{V àmaå^ Ho$ à¶mgm|
(1) H$mën{ZH$ {ZJ‘ZmË‘H$ {d{Y ‘§o Yr‘r h¡, naÝVw ~mX Ho$ à¶mgm| ‘| ~‹T> ahr h¡, Vmo Bg Vah Ho$ dH«$
(2) H$mën{ZH$ AmJ‘ZmË‘H$ {d{Y H$mo H$hm OmVm h¡- ~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg
(3) Vm{H©$H$ {d{Y (1) CËnmXZ dH«$ nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m
h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
(4) {M• grIZm {d{Y (2) Eg-AmH$mar¶ dH«$ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ>
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111. hb Ho$ Ûmam à{Vnm{XV grIZo Ho$ {gÕmÝV ‘| SHR H$mo ‘O~yV H$aZo (4) õmg {ZînmXZ dH«$
na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF
S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
Ho$ {bE Oê$aV n‹S>Vr h¡-
(1) nwZ~©bZ H$s (2) AÝVZm}X H$s 119. {ejU-dH«$ Ho$ {Og ^mJ go ¶h nVm MbVm h¡ {H$ Aä¶mg XoZo Ho$ ~mX
(3) àmoËgmhZ H$s (4) BZ‘| go {H$gr H$s ^r Zht ^r {ejU J{V ‘| n[adV©Z Zht hmoVm h¡, Cgo H$hm OmVm h¡-
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(3) Hw$b 17 A{^J¥hrV Ed§ 133 Cnà‘o¶ h¢& (1) empãXH$ grIZm
(4) Hw$b 15 A{^J¥hrV Ed§ 133 Cnà‘o¶ h¢& (2) J˶mË‘H$ grIZm
(3) g§doXr-J˶mË‘H$ grIZm
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(1) H$mohba Ûmam (2) Q>m°b‘¡Z Ûmam
(3) dXu‘a Ûmam (4) BZ‘| go {H$gr Ho$ Ûmam ^r Zht 121. H$mohba Ho$ ~m°³g gå~ÝYr g‘ñ¶m Ho$ à¶moJ ‘| dZ‘mZwf Ho$bo H$mo
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(1) dh ~m°³g na M‹T> J¶m Wm&
{H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡? (2) Cg‘| gyP {dH${gV hmo J¶r Wr&
(1) ^moOZ Ed§ nmZr H$m d§MZ (2) XÊS>
(3) dh ^yIm Wm&
(3) R>mog nwañH$ma (4) S>a
(4) dh Ho$bo H$mo H$m’$s ngÝX H$aVm Wm&
107. 108. 109. 110. 111. 112. 113. 114. 115. 116. 117. 118. 119. 120. 121.
(2) (2) (2) (1) (1) (3) (2) (1) (3) (4) (3) (3) (1) (3) (2)

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{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
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122. {ejmWu Omo nhbo grI MwHo$ h¢, CgH$s nwZamd¥{Îm Am¡a à˶mñ‘aU ‘| H$‘ H$a Xr JB©& AÝV ‘| amOy H$s JmoX ‘| IaJmoe H$mo aIm J¶m Am¡a
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(1) ZB© OmZH$mar H$mo nyd© OmZH$mar go Omo‹S>Zm grIZo H$mo g‘¥Õ ~ZmVm h¡& (1) à¶ËZ Ed§ Ìw{Q> {gÕmÝV H$m
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(3) ¶h {ejm{W©¶m| H$s ñ‘¥{V H$mo ~‹T>mVm h¡, {Oggo grIZm gwÑ‹T> hmoVm h¡& (3) {H«$¶m àgyV AZw~ÝYZ {gÕmÝV H$m
(4) ¶h {H$gr ^r H$jmZwXoeZ Ho$ {bE EH$ gw{dYmOZH$ ewê$AmV h¡& (4) BZ‘| go g^r

123. gyP {gÕmÝV Ho$ ~mao ‘| {ZåZm§{H$V ‘| go H$m¡Zgm H$WZ g˶ h¡? 128. {ZåZ{b{IV H$WZm| na {dMma H$s{OE-
(1) Bg {gÕmÝV Ho$ AZwgma grIZo H$s {H«$¶m Yrao-Yrao hmoVr h¡& 1. ‘mZd A{YJ‘ VWm à{ejU ‘| g{H«$¶ AZw~ÝYZ {gÕmÝV H$m Cn¶moJ
(2) Bg {gÕmÝV Ho$ AZwgma grIZo Ho$ {bE Aä¶mg H$s Amdí¶H$Vm hmoVr à^mdembr T>§J go {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡& Bg {gÕmÝV Ho$ à¶moJ go N>mÌm|
h¡& ‘| Ano{jV ì¶dhma n[adV©Z {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡&

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(3) Bg {gÕmÝV Ho$ AZwgma grIZo ‘| JV AZw^d ‘hÎdnyU© Zht hmoVm h¡& 2. g{H«$¶ AZw~ÝYZ Ho$ AmYma na {ñH$Za Zo à{ejU à{V‘mZ H$m {dH$mg
(4) Bg {gÕmÝV Ho$ AZwgma grIZo Ho$ {bE nwZ~©bZ Amdí¶H$ h¡& {H$¶m h¡, {OgH$m ‘w»¶ bú¶ ì¶dhma n[adV©Z h¡&
Cnamo³V H$WZm| ‘| H$m¡Zgm/go H$WZ ghr h¡/h¢?
124. AZw^dOݶ A{YJ‘ {gÕmÝV H$s e¡{jH$ Cn¶mo{JVm {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| (1) Ho$db 1
go H$m¡Zgr hmo gH$Vr h¡? (2) H$dob 2
(1) ¶h {gÕmÝV ~VmVm h¡ {H$ grIZm g^r Vah go EH$ CÔoí¶nyU© Am¡a (3) 1 Am¡a 2
bú¶moÝ‘wI à{H«$¶m h¡& (4) Z Vmo 1 Am¡a Z hr 2
(2) ¶h {gÕmÝV ~VmVm h¡ {H$ O~ Hw$N> n‹T>m¶m OmE AWdm Hw$N> grIZo Ho$
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{bE H$hm OmE, Vmo Cgo AnZo g‘J« ê$n ‘| hr ~ÀMm| Ho$ gm‘Zo àñVwV 129. H$WZ (A) YZmË‘H$ CÔrnZ àñVwV {H$¶m OmVm h¡, Vmo CgHo$
{H$¶m OmE& n[aUm‘ñdê$n A{YJ‘ AZw{H«$¶m A{YH$ ‘mÌm ‘| àH$Q> hmoVr h¡&
(3) N>mÌm| Ho$ ì¶dhma H$mo dm§{N>V ñdê$n VWm {Xem àXmZ H$aZo ‘| ¶h H$maU (B) {ñH$Za Ho$ {gÕmÝV ‘| AZw{H«$¶m CÔrnZ Ho$ gå~ÝY H$mo ‘hÎd
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(4) Bg {gÕmÝV H$s ghm¶Vm go N>mÌm| Ho$ {bE A{YJ‘ òmoVm| Ed§ g§gmYZm| Hy$Q>- níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr
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(1) AZw~pÝYV AZw{H«$¶m H$s e{³V H$‘Omoa hmo OmEJr&

(2) AZw~pÝYV AZw{H«$¶m H$s e{³V ~‹T> OmEJr& 130. {ZåZ{b{IV H$WZm| na {dMma H$s{OE-
(3) àmUr CS H$s nhMmZ R>rH$ T>§J go Zht H$a nmEJm& 1. hb Ho$ AZwgma àUmoXZ ep³V, àUmoXZ H$m AZw^d H$aVm h¡, V~ AZoH$
(4) àmUr CS VWm UCS ‘§o ñnîQ> AÝVa Zht H$a nmEJm& àH$ma Ho$ CÔrnH$ CËnÝZ hmoVo h¢&
2. CÔrnZ ì¶p³V H$mo CÔoí¶ VH$ nhþ±MmZo ‘| ghm¶H$ hmoVo h¢&
126. ‘mZd grIZm ‘| àe§gm VWm ’$Q>H$ma Ho$ VwbZmË‘H$ Aܶ¶Zm| go Hw$N> Cnamo³V H$WZm| ‘| H$m¡Zgm/go H$WZ ghr h¡/h¢?
V϶ gm‘Zo Am¶o h¢& BZ‘| go {H$go g~go ‘hÎdnyU© ‘mZm J¶m h¡? (1) Ho$db 1 (2) Ho$db 2
(1) àe§gm go {ZînmXZ ‘| d¥{Õ hmoVr h¡& (3) 1 Am¡a 2 (4) Z Vmo 1 Am¡a Z hr 2
(2) ’$Q>H$ma go {ZînmXZ ‘| õmg hmoVm h¡&
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(4) BZ‘| go {H$gr H$mo ^r g~go ‘hÎdnyU© Zht ‘mZm J¶m h¡ Cnamo³V H$WZm| ‘| H$m¡Zgm/go H$WZ ghr h¡/h¢?
(1) Ho$db 1
127. amOy IaJmoe go S>aVm Wm& ewê$ ‘| IaJmoe H$mo amOy go H$m’$s Xÿa aIm (2) Ho$db 2
J¶m& AmZo dmbo {XZm| ‘o ha amoO IaJmoe Am¡a amOy Ho$ ~rM H$s Xÿar (3) 1 Am¡a 2
(4) Z Vmo 1 Am¡a Z hr 2
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(1) (3) (4) (1) (3) (2) (3) (3) (3) (1)

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132. H$WZ (A) hb Zo Myhm| na à¶moJ {H$E&
H$maU (R) hb Ho$ AZwgma CÔrnZ VWm AZw{H«$¶m Ho$ ‘ܶ gå~ÝY àUmoXZ
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(3) à¶ËZ Ed§ ^yb (4) BZ‘| go H$moB© Zht
AmnHo$ ³bmg Ho$ ìhmQ²>gEn Jw«n ‘| {ejm g§~§Yr g^r à{V¶moJr narjm Ho$ nong©,
134. EH$ H$m°boO OmZo dmbr b‹S>H$s Zo ’$e© na H$moQ> ’|$H$Zo H$s AmXV S>mb ‘m°S>b nong© Ed§ Aݶ Aܶ¶Z gm‘J«r ^oOr OmEJr& AmnH$m ewê$ go ‘mJ©Xe©Z
br h¡& b‹S>H$s H$s ‘m± Zo Cggo H$hm {H$ H$‘ao go ~mha OmAmo Am¡a H$moQ> {H$¶m OmEJm, Vm{H$ Amn à{V¶moJr narjm ‘| A{VerK« g’$bVm àmá H$a gH|$&
H$mo Iy±Q>r na Q>m±Jmo& b‹S>H$s AJbr ~ma Ka ‘| àdoe H$aVr h¡, H$moQ> H$mo
hmW na aIH$a Ab‘mar H$s Va’$ Om H$a H$moQ> H$mo Iy±Q>r na Q>m±J XoVr
h¡& ¶h CXmhaU h¡-
(1) ûm¥§IbmJV A{YJ‘ H$m
(2) CÔrnZ-AZw{H«$¶m A{YJ‘ H$m
(3) à˶¶ A{YJ‘ H$m àJʶ àH$meZ Ûmam CTET Ed§ à˶oH$ amÁ¶ Ho$ TET (UPTET,
(4) BZ‘| go g^r MP Samvida, BTET, UTET, JTET, HTET, CGTET,
HPTET) Ho$ {bE ‘m°S>b nona H$s ’«$s PDF àH$m{eV H$s OmVr h¡&
135. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go {H$go Eg-AmH$mar¶ {ejU-dH«$ H$s {deofVm H$hm
‘m°S>b nona H$s ’«$s PDF àmá H$aZo Ho$ {bE {ZåZ{b{IV Whatsapp
OmEJm?
No. AnZo H$m°boO Ho$ ³bmg J«wn ¶m H$moqMJ Ho$ ³bmg Jw«n ¶m Aݶ ñQ>S>r
(1) àma{å^H$ à¶mgm| ‘| {ejU J{V ‘| Vrd«Vm Am¡a {’$a ~mX Ho$ à¶mgm| ‘§o
Jw«n ‘| Om|S>o& AmnHo$ J«wn ‘| ‘m°S>b nona ^ooO {XE OmE±J|&
‘ÝXVm
(2) àma{å^H$ à¶mgm| ‘§o {ejU J{V ‘| ‘ÝXVm Am¡a {’$a ~mX Ho$ à¶mgm| ‘|
UPTET - 95301 43210
Vrd«Vm
MP Samvida - 95302 43210
(3) àma{å^H$ à¶mgm| ‘| {ejU J{V ‘§o ‘ÝXVm, {’$a ~mX Ho$ à¶mgm| ‘| BTET - 95302 43210
Vrd«Vm Am¡a {’$a ApÝV‘ Hw$N> à¶mgm| ‘| ‘ÝXVm UTET - 72209 29294
(4) àmaå^ go AÝV VH$ Ho$ à¶mgm| ‘| {ejU J{V bJ^J g‘mZ hmoZm JTET - 72209 29239
HTET - 72209 29266
******* CGTET - 72209 28969
HPTET - 72209 28535

132. 133. 134. 135.

(1) (1) (1) (3)

~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
 àJʶ ~mbH$m| ‘o§ {MÝVZ Ed§ A{YJ‘
Aܶm¶ 7
~mbH$m| ‘| {MÝVZ Ed§ A{YJ‘
7.1 àñVmdZm
A{YJ‘ {gÕmÝVm| Zo gX¡d {dkmZ {ejU-A{YJ‘ H$mo à^m{dV {H$¶m h¡&
{ejU gm‘J«r H$m {dH$mg Ed§ à¶moJ ^r A{YJ‘ {gÕmÝVm| go à^m{dV hþE h¢&
ES>Joa S>ob Ûmam {dH${gV AZw^d e§Hw$ BZ à¶mgm| H$m ÚmoVH$ h¡&
{ÛVr¶ ‘hm¶wÕ Ho$ níMmV² VWm A³Qy>~a 1957 ‘| ê$g Ho$ àW‘
ñnyV{ZH$ Ho$ níMmV² {dkmZ {ejU ‘| A{YJ‘ ‘Zmo{dkmZ na A{YH$ ~b {X¶m
www.praganya.org
OmZo bJm& Bg à{d{Y ‘| ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| VWm {ejm{dXm| Zo ~mbH$ {H$g àH$ma
{MÝVZ H$aVo h¢ VWm {H$g àH$ma grIVo h¢? H$mo OmZZo H$m à¶mg {H$¶m VWm
¶h ñdrH$mam J¶m {H$ gåà˶¶ {dH$mg Amdí¶H$ h¢, {Og‘| N>mÌ Ho$ÝÐ-{~ÝXþ
h¡& àmo. ~r. E’$. pñH$Za, àmo. OrZ {n¶mOo, àmo. Om°Z S>rdr VWm àmo. Amgw~ob
H$m ¶moJXmZ gamhZr¶ h¡&
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7.2 ~mbH$ {H$g àH$ma {MÝVZ H$aVo h¢?
^JdmZ Zo ‘Zwî¶ H$mo Omo ~hþV go daXmZ {X¶o h¢, CZ‘| {MÝVZ-à{H«$¶m H$m
‘hÎdnyU© ñWmZ h¡& Bg {MÝVZ à{H«$¶m Ho$ H$maU hr ‘Zwî¶ Aݶ àm{U¶m| go
loîR> h¡& Aݶ àm{U¶m| H$s Anojm, ‘mZd-OrdZ A{YH$ JhZ h¡& Bg {MÝVZ
à{H«$¶m Ho$ H$maU hr ì¶p³V dmVmdaU Ho$ gmW g‘m¶moOZ ~Zm¶o aI gH$Vm
h¡ Am¡a AnZo OrdZ Ho$ CÔoí¶m| H$s ny{V© H$a gH$Vm h¡& {dÛmZm| H$m H$WZ h¡
{H$ {MÝVZ, gmoMZo H$s EH$ à{H«$¶m h¡, Omo {H$gr g‘ñ¶m Ho$ H$maU àmaå^
hmoVr h¡ Am¡a g‘ñ¶m-g‘mYmZ VH$ ~am~a MbVr ahVr h¡& ‘Zwî¶ H$m {MÝVZ
www.praganya.org
{OVZm g‘w{MV hmoJm, CVZm CgH$m ì¶dhma ^r g‘w{MV hmoJm Am¡a dh OrdZ
‘| g’$bVm àmá H$aoJm& Bg{bE ¶h {ZVmÝV Amdí¶H$ h¡ {H$ {dÚmb¶ Ho$
{d{^ÝZ {df¶m| Ho$ ‘mܶ‘ go ~mbH$-~m{bH$mAm| H$s {MÝVZ ep³V H$m {dH$mg
{H$¶m OmE&
7.2.1 {MÝVZ H$m AW©
X¡{ZH$ ~mobMmb H$s ^mfm ‘| {MÝVZ H$m AW© gmoMZo, g‘PZo, H$ënZm H$aZo,
{dMma-{d‘e© H$aZo Am{X go {b¶m OmVm h¡, naÝVw ‘Zmo{dkmZ ‘| {MÝVZ Ho$
BVZo AñnîQ> ê$n go H$m‘ Zht Mb gH$Vm& {MÝVZ EH$ O{Q>b ‘mZ{gH$
à{H«$¶m h¡, CgH$mo grIZo, ñ‘aU, H$ënZm Am{X go AbJ H$aZm H${R>Z h¡&
S´>oda Zo {MÝVZ H$mo ‘Z H$s {H«$¶m H$hm h¡& CgZo$ {MÝVZ Am¡a {dMma
‘| AÝVa H$aVo hwE H$hm h¡ {H$ {MÝVZ EH$ ‘mZ{gH$ à{H«$¶m h¡, O~{H$ {dMma,
‘mZ{gH$ à{H«$¶m Ho$ g‘¶, ‘Z H$s {df¶-dñVw h¡& AVEd {MÝVZ go VmËn¶©
h¡ ‘Z Ho$ gm‘Zo à˶¶m| H$m AmZm-OmZm, naÝVw {XdmñdßZ ¶m ‘Zmo{dbmg Am¡a
dmñV{dH$ {MÝVZ ‘| AÝVa h¡& {XdmñdßZ ¶m ‘Zmo{dbmg ‘o§ à˶¶ AñWm¶r
¶m j{UH$ hmoVo h¢& {MÝVZ EH$ g{H«$¶ à{H«$¶m h¡, {Og‘| ‘Z, EH$ {deof
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
n¥îR> 109
à¶moOZ Ho$ {bE à˶¶m| H$mo {Z¶pÝÌV H$aVm h¡& Bgo h‘ EH$ CXmhaU Ûmam
ñnîQ> H$aVo h¢-
draoída AnZo n[adma Ho$ gmW Jwê$ e§H$amMm¶© H$m àdMZ gwZZo OmVo
h¢& do AnZr H$moR>r Ho$ Cg H$‘ao ‘| Vmbm bJmH$a OmVo h¢, Omo ~mha Ho$ ~am‘Xo
‘| IwbVm h¡& nrN>o go g‘mMma nÌ dmbm AmVm h¡ Am¡a ~am‘Xo ‘§o g‘mMma-nÌ
S>mbH$a ’$mQ>H$ ~ÝX H$aHo$ Mbm OmVm h¡& dmng bm¡Q>Vo g‘¶, g‘mMma-nÌ
XoZo dmbm ‘mJ© ‘| CÝh| {‘b OmVm h¡ Am¡a ~VmVm h¡ {H$ g‘mMma-nÌ VWm
amîQ´>-Y‘© Zm‘H$ n{ÌH$m ~am‘Xo ‘| S>mb Am¶m h¡& AnZr H$moR>r ‘| nhþ±MZo na,
do XoIVo h¢ {H$ ~am‘Xo ‘| Z Vmo g‘mMma-nÌ h¡ Am¡a Z hr amîQ´>-Y‘©& A~ EH$
g‘ñ¶m I‹S>r hmo OmVr h¡- Am{Ia g‘mMma-nÌ H$mo H$m¡Z bo J¶m? nhbo Vmo
H$^r Eogm hþAm Zht Wm& g‘ñ¶m H$m CnpñWV hmo OmZm {MÝVZ à{H«$¶m H$s
àW‘mdñWm h¡&
A~ draoída nmg-n‹S>mog go nyN>Vm h¡ {H$ H$ht CÝhm|Zo g‘mMma-nÌ
Vmo Zht XoIm Cg {XZ a{ddma Wm Am¡a nmg-n‹S>mog dmbo Ka na hr Wo& ¶h
‘mby‘ H$aZo Ho$ {bE nmg-n‹S>mog go nyN>Zm {H$ g‘mMma-nÌ H$m¡Z bo J¶m?
¶h {MÝVZ H$s {ÛVr¶mdñWm h¡&
BgH$o ~mX dh {nN>bo AZw^dm| H$m ܶmZ H$aZo bJVm h¡& dh gmoMZo
bJVm h¡ {H$ AmOH$b J‘u H$s Nw>[Ŷm± h¢& ñHy$bm| Ho$ ~‹S>o-~‹S>o b‹S>Ho$ Kam| ‘|
KwgH$a ’$b Vmo‹S>m H$aVo h¢& H$ht ¶h CZH$m H$m‘ Vmo Zht? CZH$m n‹S>mogr
CZgo A³ga g‘mMma-nÌ ‘m±Jm H$aVm h¡& hmo gH$Vm h¡ {H$ dh g‘mMma-nÌ
‘m±JZo Am¶m hmo Am¡a CÝh| ~am‘Xo ‘| XoIH$a, CÝh| CR>mH$a bo J¶m hmo& ¶h
{MÝVZ H$s V¥Vr¶mdñWm h¡&
VËníMmV² dh AnZo {nN>bo AZw^dm| Ho$ AmYma na EH$ AZw^d MwZ
boVm h¡& AnZo nwamZo AZw^dm| Ho$ AmYma na draoída H$m ¶h {ZpíMV ‘Z
hmo OmVm h¡ {H$ hmo Z hmo g‘mMma-nÌ H$s ¶h Mmoar CgHo$ n‹S>mogr Zo H$s h¡&
A~ CgH$s g‘ñV MoîQ>mE± Bg {ZîH$f© Ho$ AZwgma hmoVr h¢& ¶h {MÝVZ H$s
MVwWm©dñWm h¡&
Cn¶w©³V CXmhaU go ¶h ñnîQ> hmo OmVm h¡ {H$ {MÝVZ EH$ g{H«$¶
à{H«$¶m h¡ Am¡a Bg‘| ‘Z EH$ {deof à¶moOZ Ho$ {bE à˶¶m| H$mo {Z¶pÝÌV
H$aVm h¡&
Bg bå~o CXmhaU go ¶h ñnîQ> hmo J¶m hmoJm {H$ {MÝVZ g‘ñ¶m go
àmaå^ hmoVm h¡ Am¡a CgHo$ g‘mYmZ go g‘má hmoVm h¡& O~ VH$ gwbPmd Z
{ZH$bo ¶m O~ VH$ ì¶p³V g‘mYmZ {ZH$mbZo Ho$ à¶ËZ ‘| WH$ Z OmE, V~
VH$ {MÝVZ H$s à{H«$¶m MbVr ahVr h¡& Bg àH$ma g‘ñ¶m Ho$ A^md ‘| {MÝVZ
Zht hmo gH$Vm& ‘Zwî¶ Ho$ OrdZ ‘| g‘ñ¶mE± ~am~a Am¶m H$aVr h¢ Am¡a CgH$mo
{MÝVZ Ûmam CZH$m g‘mYmZ {ZH$mbZm n‹S>Vm h¡&
 n¥îR> 110 ~mbH$m| ‘| {MÝVZ Ed§ A{YJ‘
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
7.2.2 {MÝVZ H$s n[a^mfmE±
{MÝVZ ³¶m h¡, BgHo$ {bE {d{^ÝZ {dÛmZm| Zo BgH$mo H$B© àH$ma go n[a^m{fV
{H$¶m h¡& ZrMo Hw$N> n[a^mfmE± Xr Om ahr h¢-
1. S>rdr Ho$ AZwgma
{MÝVZ g{H«$¶, g§b½ZnyU© Ed§ gmdYmZrnyU© {dMma H$aVm h¡& ¶h {H$gr {dídmg
¶m AZw‘m{ZV kmZ ¶m CgHo$ AmYmam| VWm àH$me ‘| {H$Ýht {ZîH$fm] na nhþ±MVm h¡&
2. am°g Ho$ AZwgma
{MÝVZ g§kmZmË‘H$ gÝX^© ‘| EH$ ‘mZ{gH$ à{H«$¶m h¡&
3. H$mbog{ZH$ Ho$ AZwgma
{MÝVZ à˶¶m| H$m nwZgªJR>Z h¡&
4. dmaoZ Ho$ AZwgma
{MÝVZ ì¶p³V Ho$ gm‘Zo g‘mYmZ Ho$ {bE CËnÝZ AmXem©Ë‘H$
g‘ñ¶m h¡, Omo àH¥${V ‘| àVrH$mË‘H$ h¡ VWm ì¶p³V H$mo g{H«$¶ ~ZmVr h¡, {Oggo
à^m{dV hmoH$a Hw$N> gr‘m VH$ à¶mg Ed§ Ìw{Q> go dh àVrH$mË‘H$ àH$ma H$s à˶¶mË‘H$
à{H«$¶m H$aVm h¡&
5. Pm Ho$ AZwgma
{MÝVZ EH$ {H«$¶merb à{H«$¶m h¡, {Og‘| ‘pñVîH$ {dMmam| H$s J{V H$m {Z¶ÝÌU
VWm {Z¶‘Z gmoÔoí¶ ê$n go H$aVm h¡&
6. pñH$Za Ho$ AZwgma
g¥OZmË‘H$ {MÝVZ go VmËn¶© h¡ {H$ ì¶p³V Ho$ {ZU©¶ ¶m CgHo$ nyd©H$WZ Z¶o,
‘m¡{bH$, CX²^yV VWm d¡¶p³VH$ h¢& g¥OZmË‘H$ {MÝVH$ dh hmoVm h¡, Omo Z¶o joÌ
ImoOVm h¡, Z¶o {ZarjU H$aVm h¡, Z¶o nyd©H$WZ H$aVm h¡ VWm Z¶o {ZîH$f© {ZH$mbVm
h¡&
7. doboÝQ>mBZ Ho$ AZwgma
{MÝVZ eãX H$m à¶moJ Cg {H«$¶m Ho$ {bE {H$¶m OmVm h¡, {Og‘| ûm¥§Ibm~Õ {dMma
{H$gr bú¶ ¶m CÔoí¶ H$s Amoa A{dam‘ J{V go àdm{hV hmoVo h¢&
8. ao~Z© Ho$ AZwgma
{MÝVZ, BÀN>m-gå~ÝYr à{H««$¶m h¡, Omo {H$gr AgÝVmof Ho$ H$maU àmaå^ hmoVr h¡
Am¡a à¶mg Ed§ Ìw{Q> Ho$ AmYma na MbVr hþB© Cg ApÝV‘ pñWV na nhþ±M OmVr h¡,
Omo BÀN>m H$mo gÝVwîQ> H$aVr h¡&
9. Hw«$O Ho$ AZwgma
{MÝVZ EH$ ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ à{H«$¶m h¡, Omo OrdZ H$s {H$gr Aݶ à{H«$¶m H$s ^m±{V
MbVr ahVr h¡&
10. Oo. nr. {Jb’$moS©> Ho$ AZwgma
{MÝVZ àVrH$mËåH$ ì¶dhma h¡, Omo g^r àH$ma Ho$ à{VñWmnZ go gå~pÝYV hmoVo h¢&
BZ n[a^mfmAm| Ho$ AmYma na h‘ H$h gH$Vo h¢ {H$ {MÝVZ dh
‘mZ{gH$ à{H«$¶m h¡, {OgHo$ Ûmam ‘Zwî¶ {H$gr g‘ñ¶m Ho$ {d{^ÝZ nhbwAm|
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
àJʶ
na {dMma H$aHo$ Cg g‘ñ¶m Ho$ g‘mYmZ VbmeVm h¡& gab eãXm|, {H$gr
^r g‘ñ¶m Ho$ g‘mYmZ H$aZo hoVw {dMma H$aZo dmbr ‘mZ{gH$ à{H«$¶m H$mo hr
{MÝVZ H$hVo h¢&
7.2.3 {MÝVZ H$s {deofVmE±
1. {MÝVZ ‘| ‘mZ{gH$ à{H«$¶m {Z{hV hmoVr h¡&
2. {MÝVZ H$m H$moB© EH$ ‘mܶ‘ hmoVm h¡& ¶h ‘mܶ‘ ^mfm ¶m
àVrH$mË‘H$ ì¶dhma hmo gH$Vo h¢&
3. {MÝVZ Ho$ {bE {H$gr-Z-{H$gr àH$ma H$s g‘ñ¶m H$m hmoZm
Amdí¶H$ h¡& O~ VH$ H$moB© g‘ñ¶m Zht hmoJr, {MÝVZ ^r Zht
hmoJm&
4. {MÝVZ ‘| à¶mg Ed§ Ìw{Q> Ho$ VÎd {Z{hV ahVo h¢&
5. {MÝVZ ñWyb go gyú‘ H$s Amoa MbVm h¡&
6. {MÝVZ ‘| {díbofU VWm g§íbofU H$s ‘hÎdnyU© ^y{‘H$m ahVr h¡&
7. {MÝVZ ‘| à˶jrH$aU Z hmoH$a à‘wI ê$n go {dMma VWm àVrH$
hmoVo h¢&
8. {MÝVZ A˶ÝV hr O{Q>b à[H«$¶m h¡, {H$ÝVw Bg‘| g§kmZmË‘H$ nj
H$m AnojmH¥$V A{YH$ ‘hÎd hmoVm h¡&
7.2.4 {MÝVZ Ho$ àH$ma
1. à˶jmË‘H$ {MÝVZ
à˶jmË‘H$ {MÝVZ H$m gå~ÝY h‘mar kmZopÝжm| go hmoVm h¡& Bg àH$ma H$m
{MÝVZ A{YH$Va newAm| ¶m ~mbH$m| ‘| nm¶m OmVm h¡& kmZopÝжm| go gå~pÝYV
kmZ H$mo hr à˶j kmZ H$hm OmVm h¡& AmewVmof Xg df© H$m ~mbH$ h¡& dh
Hw$Îmm| H$mo XoIVo hr nËWa ‘maZo bJVm h¡& A~ O~ ^r Amgnmg Ho$ Kam| Ho$ Hw$Îmo
Cgo XoIVo h¢, Vmo S>aH$a ^mJZo bJVo h¢& AnZo {nN>bo AZw^dm| Ho$ AmYma na
Hw$Îmo gmoMVo h¢ {H$ AmewVmof CÝh| nËWa ‘maZo Am ahm h¡&
Bg àH$ma Ho$ {MÝVZ ‘| Z Vmo dñVwAm| Ho$ JwUm| Am¡a Zm‘m| H$mo OmZZo
H$s Amdí¶H$Vm hmoVr h¡ Am¡a Z hr Cg‘o§ H$ënZmAm| ¶m à˶¶m| H$m H$moB© ñWmZ
hmoVm h¡&
2. H$ënZmË‘H$ {MÝVZ
Bg àH$ma Ho$ {MÝVZ ‘| à˶oH$ dñVw H$m A^md hmoVm h¡, naÝVw Bg H$‘r
H$s ny{V© H$ënZm Ûmam H$a br OmVr h¡& D$na d{U©V à˶jmË‘H$ {MÝVZ H$m
gå~ÝY dV©‘mZ go ahVm h¡, naÝVw H$ënZmË‘H$ {MÝVZ ^{dî¶ go gå~pÝYV
hmoVm h¡& Bg‘| ñ‘¥{V H$m à‘wI hmW hmoVm h¡& H$ënZmË‘H$ {MÝVZ ‘|, ñ‘¥{V
Ho$ AmYma na VWm nydm©Zw^dm| H$s n¥îR>^y{‘ ‘| ì¶p³V ¶m dñVw go gå~pÝYV
‘mZ{gH$ à{V‘mAm| H$m àmXþ^m©d hmoVm h¡& H${dVm Ho$ {nVmOr gmo‘ZmW J¶o Wo,
Vmo CgHo$ {bE ‘mbm bmE Wo& A~ O~ ^r do Xÿgao ZJa OmVo h¢, Vmo H${dVm ZB©
‘mbm H$s H$ënZm H$aZo bJVr h¡& CgHo$ {MÝVZ ‘| Xmo ‘mZg à{V‘mE± C^aVr
h¡- EH$ CgHo$ {nVmOr H$s Am¡a Xÿgar ‘mbm H$s&
3. à˶¶mË‘H$ {MÝVZ
à˶¶mË‘H$ {MÝVZ H$m AmYma à˶¶ hmoVo h¢& à˶¶m| H$mo gyú‘ {dMma H$hm Om
gH$Vm h¡& à˶¶ ^mfm Ho$ gmW-gmW MbVo h¢& eãX Am¡a à˶¶ H$mo AbJ-
 àJʶ ~mbH$m| ‘o§ {MÝVZ Ed§ A{YJ‘
AbJ Zht {H$¶m Om gH$Vm& EH$ O¡go nXmWm] Am¡a CZHo$ JwUm| H$m kmZ, {OZ
{deof eãXm| go hmoVm h¡, CÝh| à˶¶ H$hVo h¢& O~ ~mbH$ {~ëbr eãX H$m
CÀMmaU H$aVo h¢, Vmo CZHo$ {MÝVZ ‘| H$moB© {deof {~ëbr Z hmoH$a g‘ñV
{~ëbr Om{V VWm CgHo$ JwU hmoVo h¢&
à˶¶ Xmo àH$ma Ho$ hmoVo h¢- EH$ Vmo do à˶¶ {OZH$m gå~ÝY ì¶p³V
H$s kmZopÝжm| go h¡, O¡go- {~ëbr, Jm¶, ‘Zwî¶, ‘moa, VmoVm Am{X& Xÿgao
àH$ma Ho$ à˶¶m| H$m gå~ÝY JwUm| go hmoVm h¡, O¡go- X¶m, ݶm¶, gÀMmB©,
H$R>moaVm Am{X&
4. Vm{H©$H$ {MÝVZ
¶h gdm}ÀM àH$ma H$m {MÝVZ hmoVm h¡& Bg àH$ma Ho$ {MÝVZ ‘| H$moB© ì¶p³V
{d{^ÝZ {dMmam| H$m à¶moJ {H$gr {d{eîQ> bú¶ H$mo ܶmZ ‘| aIH$a H$aVm h¡&
‘Zwî¶ Bg àH$ma Ho$ {MÝVZ ‘| EH$ Xÿgar dñVw ¶m KQ>Zm Ho$ ‘ܶ gå~ÝY
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ñWm{nV H$aZo H$m à¶mg H$aVm h¡&
5. {ZX}{eV {MÝVZ
{ZX}{eV {MÝVZ go A{^àm¶ ì¶p³V Ho$ Ûmam {H$gr {d{eîQ> ¶m bú¶m| H$s àm{á
Ho$ {bE {H$¶o OmZo dmbo {MÝVZ go hmoVm h¡& Bg àH$ma Ho$ {MÝVZ ‘| ì¶p³V H$m
ì¶dhma CgHo$ OrdZ Ho$ kmV Ed§ ñnîQ> bú¶m| go {ZX}{eV hmoVm h¡&
6. A{ZX}{eV {MÝVZ
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Bg àH$ma Ho$ {MÝVZ ‘| ‘Zwî¶ {H$gr ñnîQ> CÔoí¶ Am¡a bú¶ Ho$ {~Zm hr
{ZX}{eV hþE {MÝVZ à{H«$¶m H$mo Omar aIVm h¡& Bg àH$ma H$m {MÝVZ àm¶…
{Xdm ñdßZm|, ñdVÝÌ gmhM¶m], H$ënZm H$s C‹S>mZ O¡gr A{ZX}{eV KQ>ZmAm|
go n[aMm{bV hmoVm h¡&
7. namd{V©V {MÝVZ
‘Zwî¶ OrdZ Ho$ {d{^ÝZ nhbwAm| Am¡a CZ‘| {H$¶o OmZo dmbo ì¶dhma à{V‘mZm|
H$mo gmW©H$ ~ZmZo Ho$ {bE Bg àH$ma H$m {MÝVZ {H$¶m OmVm h¡& ¶h EH$ CÀM
ñVar¶ {MÝVZ H$s à{H«$¶m ‘mZr OmVr h¡& Bg {MÝVZ Ho$ Ûmam H$moB© ^r ì¶p³V
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AnZo O{Q>b H$m¶m] ¶m g‘ñ¶mAm| H$m g‘mYmZ H$aVm h¡& Bg‘| nyd© AZw^dm| H$m
à¶moJ H$aVo hþE EH$ Z¶o T>§J go AmZo dmbr g‘ñ¶m H$m g‘mYmZ {H$¶m OmVm h¡&
7.2.5 {Oå~mS>m} Ed§ ê$H$ Ho$ AZwgma {MÝVZ Ho$ àH$ma
{Oå~mS>m} Ed§ ê$H$ Ho$ AZwgma {MÝVZ Ho$ Xmo ‘w»¶ àH$ma ~Vbm¶o J¶o h¢, Omo
{ZåZ{b{IV h¢-
1. ñdbr {MÝVZ
¶h {MÝVZ H$ënZmË‘H$ {dMmam| Am¡a {Xdm-ñdßZm| na AmYm[aV hmoVm h¡,
{Og‘| {H$gr g‘ñ¶m H$m g‘mYmZ Zht hmo nmVm& ¶h Ho$db »¶mbr nwbm~
~ZmZm O¡gm hr h¡&
2. ¶WmW©dmXr {MÝVZ
Bg àH$ma Ho$ {MÝVZ H$m gå~ÝY dmñV{dH$ n[apñW{V¶m| ¶m KQ>ZmAm| go hr
hmoVm h¡, {OgH$s ghm¶Vm go ì¶p³V {H$gr g‘ñ¶m H$m g‘mYmZ H$a gH$Vm
h¡& ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| Zo ¶WmW©dmXr {MÝVZ Ho$ VrZ ^mJ ~Vm¶o h¢, Omo {ZåZ{b{IV
h¢-
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
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n¥îR> 111
1. A{^gmar {MÝVZ - Bg àH$ma Ho$ {MÝVZ ‘| ì¶p³V {H$gr Xr JB©
n[apñW{V ¶m dñVw-pñW{V ‘| V϶m| Ho$ AmYma na hr g‘ñ¶m H$m
g‘mYmZ {ZH$mbVm h¡& Bgo {ZJ‘ZmË‘H$ {MÝVZ ^r H$hVo h¢& Bg‘|
g‘ñ¶m H$m {ZpíMV g‘mYmZ {ZH$mbm OmVm h¡&
2. g¥OZmË‘H$ {MÝVZ - Bg àH$ma Ho$ {MÝVZ ‘| ì¶p³V Xr JB©
n[apñW{V ‘| nm¶o J¶o V϶m| Ho$ gmW AnZo ÑpîQ>H$moU Ho$ AmYma na
Z¶o V϶m| H$mo Omo‹S>H$a g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ H$s Amoa ~‹T>Vm h¡& Bg‘|
g‘ñ¶m H$m g‘mYmZ H$aZo Ho$ {bE Z¶o V϶m| H$m gO©Z {H$¶m OmVm
h¡& Bg àH$ma Ho$ {MÝVZ H$mo AmJ‘ZmË‘H$ {MÝVZ ^r H$hVo h¢&
3. AmbmoMZmË‘H$ {MÝVZ - Bg àH$ma Ho$ {MÝVZ ‘| ì¶p³V {H$gr ^r
KQ>Zo dmbr KQ>Zm Ho$ à{V AmbmoMZmË‘H$ ÑpîQ>H$moU aIVm h¡& dh
CnpñWV n[apñW{V ¶m KQ>Zm H$s dmñV{dH$Vm H$mo Om±M naIH$a
hr ñdrH$ma H$aVo h¢& Bg‘| dñVw, KQ>Zm ¶m V϶ H$s gÀMmB© H$mo
CgHo$ JwUm| d Xmofm| H$s naI H$aZo Ho$ ~mX ñdrH$ma {H$¶m OmVm h¡&
JoñQ>mëQ>dmXr ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ ‘¡³g dXu‘a Zo AnZo {gÕmÝV ‘| VrZ
àH$ma Ho$ {MÝVZ H$s ~mV H$s h¡&
7.2.6 {MÝVZ Ho$ gmYZ
‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| Ho$ AZwgma {MÝVZ H$s à{H«$¶m {ZåZ gmYZm| Ho$ ‘mܶ‘ go VoOr
go hmoVr h¡-
1. à{V~moYZ
{MÝVZ H$s {H«$¶m H$mo à{V~moYZ Ho$ ‘mܶ‘ go CÎmoOZm {‘bVr h¡& O¡go- ¶{X
H$moB© AܶmnH$ {H$gr ~mbH$ H$mo {H$gr go PJ‹S>Vo hþE XoIVm h¡, Vmo dh AnZo
AZw^dm| go CgHo$ ì¶dhma H$m Aܶ¶Z H$a gHo$Jm Am¡a CgH$s PJ‹S>Zo H$s
AmXV H$mo gwYma gHo$Jm&
2. à{V‘m
à{V‘m {MÝVZ H$m EH$ à‘wI gmYZ h¡& ì¶p³V Ho$ nyd© AZw^d à{V‘mAm| Ho$
ê$n ‘| {dÚ‘mZ ahVo h¢& ¶o à{V‘mE± BVZr ep³Vembr hmoVr h¢ {H$ BZ‘| VWm
à˶j ‘| ~hwV H$‘ AÝVa ahVm h¡& O¡go- ¶{X ~mbH$ Ka ‘| ~¡R>m-~¡R>m AnZr
H$jm Ho$ ~mao ‘| {MÝVZ H$aVm h¡, Vmo dh AܶmnH$, ‘oO, Hw$gu, í¶m‘nÅ,
ghnmR>r Am{X H$s EH$ AñnîQ> ‘mZ{gH$ nwZéËn{Îm H$aVm h¡, {Ogo à{V‘m H$hm
OmVm h¡& ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| H$m nhbo Eogm ‘mZZm Wm {H$ {MÝVZ ‘| ì¶p³V {H$gr
àH$ma H$s à{V‘m H$m à¶moJ Zht H$aVm, naÝVw AmYw{ZH$ ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ à¶moJm|
Ûmam ¶h ñnîQ> hmo MwH$m h¡ {H$ {MÝVZ ‘| à{V‘mE± hmoVr h¢& BZ à{V‘mAm| ‘|
A{YH$m§eV… ÑpîQ> à{V‘mE± hmoVr h¡, naÝVw H$^r-H$^r K«mU à{V‘mE± ¶m ldU
à{V‘mE± Am{X ^r hmoVr h¢&
3. à˶¶
à˶¶ {MÝVZ H$m ‘hÎdnyU© AmYma h¡& à˶oH$ KQ>Zm ¶m dñVw H$m à˶¶ ì¶p³V
Ho$ ‘Z ‘| hmoVm h¡, Omo {MÝVZ à{H«$¶m ‘| ghm¶H$ hmoVm h¡& O¡go- ¶{X {H$gr
N>mÌ go nyN>m OmE {H$ Mma n¡a, EH$ ny±N>, aå^mZm, XÿY XoZo dmbm nmbVy Am{X
JwUm| Ho$ AmYma na CgHo$ ‘Z ‘| H$m¡Zgr AdYm ¶m à˶¶ AmVm h¡& BZ JwUm| Ho$
AmYma na N>mÌ EH$ gm‘mݶ {ZîH$f© na nhþ±MVm h¡- Jm¶& ¶hm± na Jm¶ à˶¶
H$m CXmhaU h¡& ñnîQ> h¡ {H$ à˶¶ Ho$ AmYma na hr dñVwAm| H$m dJuH$aU
 n¥îR> 112 ~mbH$m| ‘| {MÝVZ Ed§ A{YJ‘
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
{H$¶m OmVm h¡ VWm à˶¶ go {MÝVZ ‘| H$‘ g‘¶ bJVm h¡& Bgr go {MÝVZ
^yV, ^{dî¶ VWm dV©‘mZ ‘o§ ì¶má hmo OmVm h¡&
4. ^mfm
{MÝVZ H$s à{H«$¶m ‘| ì¶p³V ^mfm Ho$ ‘mܶ‘ go ñd¶§ go ~mVMrV H$aVm h¡,
Bg{bE {MÝVZ H$mo AmÝV[aH$ ^mfU ^r H$hm OmVm h¡& {d{^ÝZ à¶moJm| Ûmam ¶h
ñnîQ> hþAm h¡ {H$ {H$gr g‘ñ¶m H$m g‘mYmZ H$aVo g‘¶ {MÝVZ H$aZo dmbo
ì¶p³V H$s dmJrÝÐr¶ O¡go Or^ VWm ñda ¶ÝÌ ‘| Hw$N> noer¶ g§Hw$MZ hmoVo
h¢& O¡go- ì¶p³V AnZo Amn go ~mob ahm hmo& Hw$N> ì¶p³V {MÝVZ Ho$ g‘¶
Omoa-Omoa go ^r ~mobVo h¢& AV… ^mfm {MÝVZ H$m EH$ ‘hÎdnyU© gmYZ h¡&
5. g§Ho$V Ed§ {M•
{MÝVZ ‘| g§Ho$V Ed§ {M• ^r ghm¶H$ hmoVo h¢& O~ g§Ho$V {H$gr MoVZ ¶m
{H«$¶mË‘H$ AZw{H«$¶m Ho$ {bE CÔrnZ Ho$ ê$n ‘| H$m¶© H$aVm h¡, Vmo Bgo {M•
H$hVo h¢& AV… {M• ì¶p³V H$mo CÎmo{OV H$aHo$ {MÝVZ H$aZo Ho$ {bE ào[aV
H$aVm h¡&
6. gyÌ
gyÌ {MÝVZ ‘| ghm¶H$ hmoVo h¢& EH$ N>moQ>o gyÌ ‘| ì¶mnH$ AW© {Z{hV hmoVm h¡&
{dkmZ VWm J{UV ‘| {MÝVZ H$mo gyÌm| Ho$ ghmao hr {dH${gV {H$¶m OmVm h¡&
7.2.7 {MÝVZ Ho$ {bE AZwHy$b n[apñW{V¶m±
1. ge³V àoaUm
{MÝVZ ‘| àoaUm H$s Amdí¶H$Vm hmoVr h¡& àoaUm Ho$ A^md ‘| ì¶dpñWV Am¡a
{Z¶pÝÌV {MÝVZ gå^d Zht h¡& O¡gm {H$ nhbo ~Vbm¶m Om MwH$m h¡ {H$
{MÝVZ ‘| {H$gr g‘ñ¶m H$mo gwbPm¶m OmVm h¡& Bg g‘ñ¶m H$mo gwbPmZo H$s
àoaUm {OVZr ge³V ¶m g~b hmoJr, Cg {df¶ H$m {MÝVZ H$aZo ‘| ‘pñVîH$
CVZm hr A{YH$ à¶ËZerb hmoJm& H$hmdV h¡ {H$ Ohm± Mmh h¡, dhm± amh h¡&
Mmh {OVZr A{YH$ hmoJr, amh Ty>±‹T>Zo H$m {MÝVZ ^r CVZm hr A{YH$ hmoJm Am¡a
amh {ZH$mbo {~Zm ì¶p³V H$^r M¡Z Zht nm gH$Vm& àoaUm go CËgmh ~Zm ahVm
h¡ Am¡a WH$mZ erK« Zht AmVr& àoaUm go {MÝVZ Ho$ {bE Amdí¶H$ ep³V H$m
g§MmbZ AmgmZr go Zht hmo nmVm h¡&
2. ܶmZ Am¡a é{M
ܶmZ Am¡a é{M {MÝVZ ‘| ghm¶H$ AdñWmE± h¢& {Og {df¶ ‘| AmnH$s é{M
{~ëHw$b Zht h¡ Cg {df¶ ‘| àm‘m{UH$ {MÝVZ hmoZm Agå^d Zht, Vmo H${R>Z
Adí¶ h¡& é{M Ho$ A^md ‘| Cg na ܶmZ Zht bJm¶m Om gH$Vm& BgHo$
{dnarV, {Og {df¶ ‘| AmnH$s é{M h¡ Cg‘| ܶmZ ñdm^m{dH$ ê$n go bJ
OmVm h¡ Am¡a {MÝVZ ^r ñdm^m{dH$ ê$n go hmoZo bJVm h¡& O¡go- ¶{X Amn
H$mo J{UV H$s g‘ñ¶mAm| ‘o§ é{M h¡, Vmo AmnH$mo CZHo$ {MÝVZ ‘| AmZÝX
Am¶oJm, CZ‘| AmnH$m ܶmZ bJoJm Am¡a Amn AmgmZr go CZ‘| àJm‹T> {MÝVZ
H$a gH|$Jo&
3. gVH©$Vm Am¡a bMrbmnZ
gVH©$Vm Am¡a bMrbmnZ ^r àm‘m{UH$ {MÝVZ Ho$ {bE AZwHy$b n[apñW{V¶m±
h¢& gVH©$Vm go {MÝVZ ‘| Jb{V¶m± Am¡a hoËdm^mg Zht AmZo nmVo& bMrbonZ
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
àJʶ
go é{‹T>dm{XVm Am¡a AÝY{dídmg go ~Mmd hmoVm h¡& gVH©$ ahZo go ì¶p³V
Z¶o-Z¶o Cnm¶m| Am¡a {d{Y¶m| na ^r Ñ[îQ> aIVm h¡ Am¡a Amdí¶H$Vm n‹S>Zo na
CZH$m {MÝVZ ‘| g‘w{MV Cn¶moJ H$aVm h¡& gVH©$ ì¶p³V {MÝVZ ‘| ghm¶H$
g§Ho$Vm|, à¶moJm|, {M•m| Am¡a gyÌm| Ho$ ghr AWm] H$mo VwaÝV g‘P OmVm h¡ Am¡a
CZH$m Cn¶moJ H$aVm h¡& {MÝVZ ‘| g‘ñ¶m H$m gwbPmd ImoOZm hmoVm h¡& AV…
Cg‘| Bg ~mV Ho$ {bE gVH©$ ahZm n‹S>Vm h¡ {H$ H$moB© JbVr Z hmo OmE Am¡a
H$moB© ~mV Ny>Q> Z OmE& Bg‘| gVH©$Vm H$s Amdí¶H$Vm h¡& {MÝVZ H$s g‘ñ¶m
H$mo gwbPmZo ‘| ¶{X EH$ {dH$ën go H$m‘ Zht {ZH$bVm, Vmo Cgo N>mo‹S>H$a Xÿgam
{dH$ën J«hU H$aZm n‹S>Vm h¡& Bg‘| bMrbonZ H$s Amdí¶H$Vm h¡& Bg àH$ma
{MÝVZ ‘| gVH©$Vm Am¡a bMrbmnZ XmoZm| hr ghm¶H$ h¢&
4. ~w{Õ H$m {dñV¥V joÌ
~w{Õ H$m {dñV¥V joÌ ^r {MÝVZ ‘| ghm¶H$ hmoVm h¡& {MÝVZ ‘| AÝVÑ©pîQ>,
nyd©ÑpîQ> Am¡a níMmV²ÑpîQ> ~‹S>r ghm¶H$ hmoVr h¢& BZHo$ {bE ~w{Õ Ho$ joÌ Ho$
n¶m©á {dH$mg H$s Amdí¶H$Vm hmoVr h¡& {MÝVZ ‘| g‘ñ¶m Ho$ gwbPmd Ho$ {bE
Cg g‘ñ¶m Ho$ {d{^ÝZ nhbwAm| Am¡a CZHo$ nañna gå~ÝYm| na ÑpîQ> aIZm
Amdí¶H$ h¡& BZ g~Ho$ {bE ~w{Õ Ho$ {dñV¥V joÌ H$s Amdí¶H$Vm h¡&
5. g‘¶ H$s gr‘m H$m H$R>moa Z hmoZm
{MÝVZ Z| g‘¶ bJVm h¡& O~ {H$gr g‘ñ¶m H$m hb {H$¶m Om ahm hmo,
Vmo Cg‘| g‘¶ H$s gr‘m H$R>moa Zht hmoZr Mm{hE& gr‘m H$R>moa hmoZo na
{MÝVZ ñdm^m{dH$ ê$n go Zht hmo nmVm Am¡a Aàm‘m{UH$ hmo OmVm h¡& gr‘m
Ho$ A˶{YH$ H$‘ hmoZo na Am¡a A˶{YH$ H$R>moa hmoZo na {MÝVZ H$^r ^r
àm‘m{UH$ Zht hmo gHo$Jm& ¶{X {MÝVZ H$m {df¶ Aé{MH$a hmo, Vmo CgH$s
gr‘m {ZYm©[aV H$s Om gH$Vr h¡, naÝVw ¶h gr‘m ^r H$R>moa Zht hmoZr Mm{hE&
amoMH$ g‘ñ¶m ‘| g‘¶ {ZYm©[aV H$aZm ì¶W© h¡, ³¶m|{H$ Cg‘| ì¶p³V ñd¶§
^agH$ à¶mg H$aVm h¡&
6. J^uH$aU
J^uH$aU ^r {MÝVZ ‘| EH$ AZwHy$b n[apñW{V h¡& ¶{X {MÝVZ ‘| {H$gr
g‘ñ¶m H$m H$moB© hb Z {ZH$b ahm hmo Am¡a ~ma-~ma Ag’$bVm {‘b ahr hmo,
Vmo AÀN>m ¶h h¡ {H$ CgH$mo Hw$N> Xoa Ho$ {bE ñW{JV H$a {X¶m OmE& Bggo O~
Amn Am¡a H$m‘m| ‘| bJo ah|Jo, V~ ‘pñVîH$ Cg g‘ñ¶m H$mo goVm ahoJm Am¡a
O¡go goZo go AWdm J^uH$aU go AÊS>o ‘| ~ÀMm V¡¶ma hmo OmVm h¡, Cgr àH$ma
Bg ‘mZ{gH$ J^uH$aU go g‘ñ¶m H$m gwbPmd {ZH$mbZm AmgmZ hmoJm& goZo
H$s à{H«$¶m ³¶m h¡, BgHo$ {df¶ ‘| A^r {ZpíMV ê$n go Hw$N> kmV Zht hmo
gH$m h¡, naÝVw ¶h X¡{ZH$ AZw^d H$s ~mV h¡ {H$ O~ g‘ñ¶m H$mo Bg àH$ma
N>mo‹S> {X¶m OmVm h¡, V~ H$^r-H$^r AH$ñ‘mV² CgH$m hb AnZo Amn g‘P
‘| Am OmVm h¡ AWdm Cg na {’$a {MÝVZ {H$¶m OmVm h¡, Vmo CgH$m hb
{ZH$mbZo ‘| AmgmZr hmoVr h¡, naÝVw J^uH$aU H$m AW© g‘ñ¶m go ^mJZm ¶m
CgHo$ gwbPmd Ho$ {bE n¶m©á gm‘J«r EH${ÌV H$aZo go ^mJZm Zht h¡, ³¶m|{H$
Eogr Xem ‘| J^uH$aU ì¶W© h¡& AV… J^uH$aU H$m bm^ V^r hmoVm h¡, O~{H$
g‘ñ¶m H$m ^br àH$ma {MÝVZ H$aZo Ho$ ~mX CgH$mo N>mo‹S> {X¶m J¶m hmo&
 àJʶ ~mbH$m| ‘o§ {MÝVZ Ed§ A{YJ‘
7. g§doJ
g§doJmË‘H$ Xem ‘| {MÝVZ Zht hmo gH$Vm& ^¶, H«$moY, ào‘ Am{X g§doJ h¡& AV…
{MÝVZ Ho$ {bE g§doJ-‘wp³V Mm{hE&
8. ^mfm
^mfm Ho$ {~Zm {MÝVZ H$m {dH$mg Zht {H$¶m Om gH$Vm& AV… ì¶p³V H$m ^mfm
{dH$mg {OVZm OëXr hmo gHo$, AÀN>m h¡&
9. à˶¶
à˶¶m| Ho$ {~Zm ^r {MÝVZ gå^d Zht h¡& Bg{bE à˶¶mË‘H$ {dH$mg H$s Amoa
{deof ܶmZ {X¶m OmZm Mm{hE&
10. gm‘m{OH$ gånH©$
ì¶p³V g‘mO goo ~hþV Hw$N> J«hU H$aVm h¡& ^mfm H$m kmZ ^r ì¶p³V H$mo
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gm‘m{OH$ gånH©$ Ûmam hmoVm h¡& gm‘m{OH$ gånH©$ Ûmam N>mÌm| H$s {MÝVZ-
à{H«$¶m CÝZV hmoVr h¡, ³¶m|{H$ CÝh| {MÝVZ H$s ZdrZ {XemE± àmá hmoVr h¢&
11. à˶jmZw^d
{OZ ì¶p³V¶m| H$mo ñWyb nXmWm] H$m à˶jmZw^d hmoVm h¡, CZH$s {MÝVZ j‘Vm
A{YH$ hmoVr h¡& EH$ H$ݶm AnZr nmR²>¶-nwñVH$ ‘| ‘moa go gå~pÝYV nmR>
n‹T>Vr h¡& A~ O~ VH$ dh ‘moa H$mo XoI Zht boVr, V~ VH$ dh ‘moa Ho$ ~mao
‘| {MÝVZ H$a hr Zht gH$Vr&
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7.2.8 {MÝVZ Ho$ {df¶ ‘| ñnr¶a‘¡Z Ho$ {Z¶‘
{MÝVZ H$s à{H«$¶m EH$ O{Q>b à{H«$¶m hmoVr h¡& ¶h à{H«$¶m O{Q>b hmoZo Ho$ gmW
hr gmW {Z¶{‘V ^r hmoVr h¡& Bg à{H«$¶m H$s ì¶m»¶m H$aZo Ho$ {bE EH$ à{gÕ
‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ ñnr¶a‘¡Z Zo Hw$N> {Z¶‘ à{Vnm{XV {H$¶o Wo-
1. gå~ÝYm| H$m n¥W³H$sH$aU
ñnr¶a‘¡Z H$m {MÝVZ H$m àW‘ {Z¶‘ gå~ÝYm| H$m n¥W³H$sH$aU h¡& Bg {Z¶‘
Ho$ AZwgma {MÝVZ H$s à{H«$¶m ‘| O~ ì¶p³V Ho$ gå‘wI AZoH$ dñVwE°§ CnpñWV
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hmoVr h¢, Vmo CZ‘o§ Hw$N> gå~ÝY ñWm{nV H$a {bE OmVo h¢& ¶o gå~ÝY {ZH$Q>Vm,
AmH$ma VWm Xÿar Am{X na {Z^©a ahVo h¢& BZ gå~ÝYm| H$mo dmñV{dH$ gå~ÝY
‘mZm OmVm h¡& ñnr¶a‘¡Z Ho$ AZwgma BZ dmñV{dH$ gå~ÝYm| na {ZåZ{b{IV
~mVm| H$m {deof à^md n‹S>Vm h¡-
1. JwU - à˶oH$ dñVw Ho$ AnZo JwU hmoVo h¢& BZ JwUm| Ho$ gmW Cg
dñVw H$m EH$ {d{eîQ> gå~ÝY hmoVm h¡& O¡go- Z‘H$ EH$ dñVw
h¡ VWm Z‘H$sZ hmoZm BgH$m JwU h¡& Bg pñW{V ‘| Z‘H$ VWm
Z‘H$sZnZ ‘| EH$ dmñV{dH$ gå~ÝY ‘mZm OmEJm& Bg gå~ÝY H$mo
{H$gr ^r pñW{V ‘| AbJ Zht {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡&
2. H$mbJV gå~ÝY - EH$ Aݶ àH$ma H$m gå~ÝY H$mbJV gå~ÝY
hmoVm h¡& Hw$N> dñVwAm| AWdm V϶m| Ho$ ~rM H$mbJV gå~ÝY ^r
nm¶m OmVm h¡& O¡go- 9.30 na ñHy$b àmaå^ hmoVm h¡& Bg pñW{V
‘| 9.30 ~OZo VWm ñHy$b Ho$ àmaå^ hmoZo ‘| EH$ H$mbJV gå~ÝY
ñWm{nV hmo OmVm h¡&
3. ñWmZJV gå~ÝY - H$mbJV gå~ÝY H$s hr ^m±{V ñWmZJV
gå~ÝY H$m ^r EH$ {d{eîQ> gå~ÝY hmoVm h¡& Hw$N> dñVwAm| ‘|
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
n¥îR> 113
ñWmZJV gå~ÝY ^r nm¶m OmVm h¡& ¶h gå~ÝY ^r EH$ àH$ma go
A{^ÝZ gå~ÝY hmoVm h¡& O¡go- ‘oO Am¡a Hw$gu ‘| ñWmZJV gå~ÝY
hmoVm h¡& ¶o XmoZm| dñVwE± EH$ gmW nm¶r OmVr h¡&
4. H$m¶©-H$maU gå~ÝY - Hw$N> dñVwAm| AWdm V϶m| Ho$ ‘ܶ H$m¶©-
H$maU gå~ÝY ^r nm¶m OmVm h¡& BZ dñVwAm| ‘| go ¶{X EH$ H$m¶©
hmoVr h¡, Vmo Xÿgar CgH$m H$maU& O¡go- ~’©$ VWm R>ÊS>H$ Ho$ ~rM
nañna H$m¶©-H$maU gå~ÝY h¡& Bgr àH$ma AmJ Ed§ J‘u ‘| ^r
H$m¶©-H$maU gå~ÝY h¡&
5. dñVwJV gå~ÝY -¶h ^r EH$ àH$ma go A{^ÝZ gå~ÝY hmoVm h¡&
O¡go- ~mOma VWm XþH$mZ, dm{Q>H$m VWm ’y$b H$m Amngr gå~ÝY
dñVwJV gå~ÝY hr H$hbmEJm&
6. {Z‘m©UmË‘H$ gå~ÝY - Hw$N> dñVwE± {H$gr Aݶ gm‘J«r go ~Zr
hmoVr h¡& BZ dñVwAm| VWm gå~pÝYV gm‘J«r Ho$ ~rM Omo gå~ÝY
hmoVm h¡, Cgo {Z‘m©UmË‘H$ gå~ÝY H$hm OmVm h¡& O¡go- H$n‹S>o VWm
dñÌ, bH$‹S>r VWm ’$ZuMa, H$m±M VWm {Jbmg Ho$ ‘ܶ {Z‘m©UmË‘H$
gå~ÝY hr h¡&
7. Aݶ gå~ÝY - {d{^ÝZ dñVwAm| Ed§ V϶m| Ho$ ~rM Cn¶w©³V d{U©V
gå~ÝYm| Ho$ A{V[a³V Hw$N> Aݶ gå~ÝY ^r nmE OmVo h¢, {OZH$m
dU©Z ñnr¶a‘¡Z Zo {H$¶m h¡& ¶o ‘mZ{gH$ gå~ÝY hmoVo h¢, BÝh|
{dMmamË‘H$ gå~ÝY ^r H$hm OmVm h¡& Bg àH$ma Ho$ ‘w»¶ gå~ÝY
h¢- g‘mZVm H$m gå~ÝY, g‘rnVm H$m gå~ÝY, nyd©nj VWm {ZîH$f©
H$m gå~ÝY VWm {Z¶moOZmË‘H$ gå~ÝY&
2. gh gå~ÝYm| H$m n¥W³H$sH$aU
H$^r-H$^r V϶ H$mo gå~ÝYm| Ho$ g§Ho$V Ho$ Ûmam àñVwV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& Bg
pñW{V ‘| gh-gå~ÝYm| H$m n¥W³H$sH$aU hmo OmVm h¡& O¡go- ¶{X H$hm OmE
{H$ AmJ Ja‘ hmoVr h¡ VWm ~’©$? Vmo {Zñg§Xoh ê$n go CÎma {‘boJm R>ÊS>r&
Bgr àH$ma ¶{X H$hm OmE, {H$ Mm¶ Ja‘ hmoVr h¡ VWm e~©V? Vmo ñdV… CÎma
{‘boJm R>ÊS>m& ¶h CÎma gh-gå~ÝYm| Ho$ n¥W³H$sH$aU H$m hr n[aUm‘ h¡&
7.2.9 {MÝVZ Ho$ {gÕmÝV
{MÝVZ Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘| Xmo {gÕmÝV àM{bV h¢& BÝh| Ho$ÝÐr¶ {gÕmÝV VWm noer¶
AWdm ñZm¶w{dH$ {gÕmÝV Ho$ Zm‘ go OmZVo h¢& BZ {gÕmÝVm| H$m dU©Z g§jon
‘| àñVwV h¡-
1. Ho$ÝÐr¶ {gÕmÝV
{MÝVZ H$m Ho$ÝÐr¶ {gÕmÝV àmMrZ {gÕmÝV h¡& Bg {gÕmÝV Ho$ AZwgma ¶h
‘mZm OmVm h¡ {H$ {MÝVZ à{H«$¶m ‘pñVîH$ na {Z^©a H$aVr h¡& ‘pñVîH$ Ho$
CÀM Ho$ÝÐ O~ {MÝVZ Ho$ AmYma na O{Q>b g‘ñ¶mAm| H$m {ZdmaU H$aVo h¢
V~ ¶hr H$hm Om gH$Vm h¡ {H$ {MÝVZ Ho$ {bE ‘pñVîH$ H$s {H«$¶mE± Amdí¶H$
h¢& Bg {gÕmÝV Ho$ AÝVJ©V emar[aH$ {H«$¶mAm| H$mo H$moB© àYmZVm Zht Xr J¶r
h¡& Bg {dMmaYmam ‘| H$hm J¶m h¡ {H$ {MÝVZ Ho$ g‘¶ emar[aH$ {H«$¶mAm| H$m
nyU©V… A^md ahVm h¡& {MÝVZ Ho$ Ho$ÝÐr¶ {gÕmÝV H$mo BVZm g‘W©Z Zht {‘bm
h¡, {OVZm ñZm¶w{dH$ AWdm noer¶ {gÕmÝV H$mo {‘bm h¡&
 n¥îR> 114 ~mbH$m| ‘| {MÝVZ Ed§ A{YJ‘
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
2. noer¶ AWdm ñZm¶w{dH$ {gÕmÝV
Bg {gÕmÝV Ho$ AZwgma ¶h ñdrH$ma {H$¶m OmVm h¡ {H$ {MÝVZ Ho$ g‘¶
‘pñVîH$ H$s {H«$¶mAm| Ho$ A{V[a³V emar[aH$ {H«$¶mE± ^r hmoVr h¢& ì¶dhmadmXr
‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ Bg {gÕmÝV H$mo g‘W©Z XoVo h¢& à{gÕ ì¶dhmadmXr ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$
dmQgZ Zo Bg {gÕmÝV Ho$ g‘W©Z ‘| AZoH$ à¶moJ àñVwV {H$E h¢& BZHo$
AZwgma {MÝVZ Ho$ g‘¶ ñda¶ÝÌ ‘| {H«$¶m hmoVr h¡& Bgr AmYma na BÝhm|Zo
{MÝVZ H$mo ‘m¡Z dmUr H$hH$a nwH$mam h¡& ñda¶ÝÌ H$s BZ {H«$¶mAm| Ho$ gmW
hr gmW Aݶ emar[aH$ {H«$¶mE± ^r hmoVr h¡& dV©‘mZ g‘¶ ‘| {MÝVZ Ho$ g‘¶
emar[aH$ {H«$¶mAm| H$mo A§{H$V H$aZo Ho$ {bE {dÚwV {d{Y H$m à¶moJ {H$¶m J¶m
h¡& ñZm¶w-noer¶ {H«$¶mAm| H$mo OmZZo Ho$ {bE O¡H$~gZ Ho$ à¶moJ A{V gamhZr¶
h¡& J¡ëdoZmo‘rQ>a Ho$ ‘mnZ H$m ^r Bg {gÕmÝV H$mo g‘W©Z àmá h¡& ‘¡³g Ho$
à¶moJ ^r {MÝVZ Ho$ g‘¶ ñZm¶w{dH$ noer¶ {H«$¶mAm| H$mo g‘W©Z XoVo h¢&
7.2.10 {MÝVZ VWm g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ
g‘ñ¶m Ho$ g‘mYmZ Ho$ g‘¶ O~ ì¶p³V {MÝVZ H$aVm h¡, Vmo {MÝVZ H$s
¶h AdñWm VH©$g§JV hmoVr h¡& g‘ñ¶m-g‘mYmZ ‘| ì¶p³V {d{^ÝZ àH$ma go
{MÝVZ H$aVm h¡ Am¡a CgHo$ hb H$aZo ‘| AZoH$ àH$ma Ho$ gmYZ OwQ>mZo Ho$
à¶mg H$aVm h¡& O~ VH$ g‘ñ¶m H$m hb Zht {ZH$b OmVm h¡, dh {ZaÝVa
Cgr Ho$ {df¶ ‘| gmoMVm ahVm h¡& g‘ñ¶m Ho$ hb Ho$ g‘¶ Bg {MÝVZ Ho$
à^m{dV ê$n H$mo VH©$ H$hm OmVm h¡&
g‘ñ¶mË‘H$ pñW{V Ho$ ñdê$n H$r ì¶m»¶m H$aVo hþE {d{^ÝZ ‘Zmodk
¡ m{ZH$m|
Zo AnZo {dMma àñVwV {H$E h¢& gm‘mݶ ê$n go g‘ñ¶m H$s àH¥${V H$mo n[a^m{fV
H$aVo hþE H$hm J¶m h¡ {H$ O~ H$^r ^r àmUr AnZo H$mo Eogr CÎmoOH$ pñW{V ‘|
nmVm h¡ {H$ {Og‘| Cgo {d{dY àH$ma Ho$ CÎmoOH$ g§H$o V {‘bVo h¢ Am¡a {d{^ÝZ
à{V{H«$¶mE± H$aZo na ^r AnZo bú¶ VH$ Zht nhþM± nmVm h¡& Om°ZgZ Zo g‘ñ¶m
H$mo n[a^m{fV H$aVo hþE {bIm h¡ {H$ g‘ñ¶m H$s CËn{Îm Cg g‘¶ hmoVr h¡, O~
ì¶p³V {H$gr bú¶ VH$ nhþM± Zo Ho$ {bE A{^ào[aV hmo, naÝVw CgHo$ àmapå^H$
à¶ËZ bú¶ H$s àm{á ‘| ghm¶H$ hmo OmVo hmo& EpÝS´>¶mO Zo g‘ñ¶mË‘H$ pñW{V
H$m {díbofU {ZåZ{b{IV nm±M ^mJm| H$mo boH$a {H$¶m h¡-
1. àmUr Ho$ g‘j EH$ ¶m A{YH$ bú¶ hmoVo h¢&
2. àmUr H$mo {d{^ÝZ àH$ma Ho$ CÎmoOH$ g§Ho$V {‘bVo h¢&
3. àmUr {d{dY àH$ma H$s à{V{H«$¶mE± H$aVm h¡&
4. g‘ñ¶mË‘H$ pñW{V H$m à˶oH$ g§Ho$V Cg n[apñW{V ‘| hmoZo dmbr
AbJ-AbJ à{V{H«$¶mAm| Ho$ gmW nyd© AZw^d Ho$ H$maU {d{^ÝZ
àH$ma H$s Vrd«Vm Ho$ gmW grIm OmVm h¡&
5. àmUr H$mo Ìw{Q>nyU© VWm g˶ à{V{H«$¶mAm| H$m kmZ hmo OmVm h¡&
g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ H$m ñdê$n new VWm ‘mZd XmoZm| ‘| hr {‘bVm
h¡& {ZåZ H$mo{Q> Ho$ new ^r AnZo CÔoí¶ H$s ny{V© hoVw g‘ñ¶m H$m
g‘mYmZ H$aVo h¢& O¡go- Wm°Z©S>mBH$ Ûmam {H$¶m J¶m {~ëbr na
à¶moJ, H$mohba H$m dZ‘mZwf VWm ~r.E’$. pñH$Za H$m Myho na {H$¶m
J¶m à¶moJ& ¶o g^r g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ Ho$ joÌ ‘| AmVo h¢& ‘mdaa
Zo Z¡{‘{ÎmH$ AZw~ÝYZ H$mo g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ H$s g§km Xr h¡, naÝVw
new-OJV ‘| gmYmaU g‘ñ¶m H$m hr hb hmo gH$Vm h¡& O{Q>b
g‘ñ¶m H$m g‘mYmZ ‘mZd OJV ‘| hr gå^d h¡& ‘mZd H$s Vm{H©$H$
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
àJʶ
ep³V H$mo hr g‘ñ¶m Ho$ g‘mYmZ H$m gmYZ H$hm J¶m h¡&
Vm{H©$H$ ep³V ‘| ì¶p³VJV {^ÝZVmE± ^r XoIr OmVr h¢& Hw$N> ì¶p³V
Xÿgam| H$s Anojm O{Q>b g‘ñ¶mAm| H$mo OëXr hb H$a boVo h¢& BgH$m à‘wI
H$maU ¶h h¡ {H$ CZ‘| O{Q>b g‘ñ¶mAm| H$mo hb H$aZo H$s {deof ¶mo½¶Vm hmoVr
h¡& g‘ñ¶m H$m hb ^r EH$ ñVa na gå^d Zht& ‘mZd VWm new-OJV XmoZm| ‘|
hr g‘ñ¶m gå~ÝYr {d{^ÝZ ñVa {‘bVo h¢& ‘mZd-OJV ‘| g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ
Ho$ {ZåZ ñVa XoIo OmVo h¢-
1. g‘ñ¶m H$s CnpñW{V&
2. g‘ñ¶m H$m g‘PZm&
3. g‘ñ¶m Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘| gyMZm EH$Ì H$aZm VWm CÝh| ì¶d[ñWV
H$aZm&
4. nyd©H$ënZm H$m ‘yë¶-{ZYm©aU H$aZm&
5. g‘mYmZ H$mo à¶moJ ‘| bmZm&
7.2.11 {ejH$ Ûmam ~mbH$m| ‘| {MÝVZ H$m {dH$mg
H«$mo VWm H«$mo H$m H$WZ h¡ {H$ g’$b OrdZ¶mnZ Ho$ {bE ñnîQ> {MÝVZ H$s
¶mo½¶Vm Amdí¶H$ h¡& AVEd AܶmnH$ H$mo Bg ~mV H$m à¶mg H$aZm Mm{hE {H$
~mbH$m| H$s {MÝVZ ep³V H$m {dH$mg hmo& ~mbH$ H$s {MÝVZ ep³V H$m {dH$mg
H$aZo Ho$ {bE {ZåZ{b{IV Cnm¶ H$m‘ ‘| bmE Om gH$Vo h¢-
1. AܶmnH$ H$mo ~mbH$m| H$mo Bg ~mV H$m àmoËgmhZ XoZm Mm{hE {H$ do
{MÝVZ H$ao VWm AnZo {dMma IwbH$a àH$Q> H$ao&
2. H$m¡Vyhb Am¡a é{M BZ XmoZm| H$m ~mb-{MÝVZ H$s ÑpîQ> go ~‹S>m
‘hÎd h¡& {ejH$ ~mbH$m§o H$s BZ àd¥{Îm¶m| H$mo gXm OmJ«V² aIo&
3. ~mbH$m| H$mo CÎmaXm{¶ËdnyU© H$m¶© gm¢no OmZo Mm{hE, Vm{H$ do {MÝVZ
Ho$ {bE ào[aV hmo&
4. Bg ~mV H$m à¶mg {H$¶m OmE {H$ ~mbH$m| Ho$ ^mfm kmZ ‘| d¥{Õ
hmoVr aho, ³¶m|{H$ ^mfm H$m {MÝVZ H$s ÑpîQ> go ~‹S>m ‘hÎd h¡&
5. {ejm ~mbH$m| H$mo g‘ñ¶m Ho$ g‘PZo VWm g‘ñ¶m Ho$ g‘mYmZ
H$s {Xem ‘| àmoËgm{hV H$ao& ‘agob H$m H$WZ h¡ {H$ g‘ñ¶m H$s
OmZH$mar VWm CgHo$ g‘mYmZ H$s ImoO-¶hr {MÝVZ H$s à{H«$¶m
h¡ Am¡a ¶hr grIZo H$s ^r à{H«$¶m h¡&
6. AܶmnH$ H$mo {ejU Ho$ g‘¶ VWm narjm ‘| Eogo àíZ ~mbH$m| go
nyN>Zo Mm{hE, Omo CÝh| {MÝVZ H$aZo Ho$ {bE àmoËgm{hV H$ao&
7. {MÝVZ H$m ‘w»¶ AmYma kmZ h¡, AVEd AܶmnH$ H$mo ~mbH$m| H$m
kmZ {dH${gV H$aZm Mm{hE&
8. AܶmnH$ H$mo Bg ~mV H$m à¶mg H$aZm Mm{hE {H$ ~mbH$ V϶m|
H$mo aQ>o Zht& aQ>Zo H$s àd¥{Îm {MÝVZ Ho$ ‘mJ© ‘| g~go ~‹S>r ~mYm h¡&
9. VH©$, dmX-{ddmX VÏmm g‘ñ¶m-g‘mYmZ BZgo ~mbH$ {MÝVZ
H$aZo Ho$ {bE ào[aV hmoVo h¢, Bg{bE {dÚmb¶m| ‘| ~mbH$m| H$mo BZ
~mVm| H$m Adga {X¶m OmZm Mm{hE&
10. {ZarjU, AZw^d Am¡a à¶moJ ¶o g^r ~mbH$ H$s {MÝVZ ep³V H$mo
{dH${gV H$aVo h¢& AVEd AܶmnH$m| H$mo ~mbH$m| Ho$ {bE Eogr dñVwE±
OwQ>mZr Mm{hE VWm CÝh| Eogo ñWmZm| ‘| bo OmZm Mm{hE, Ohm± do
{ZarjU, AZw^d VWm à¶moJ H$a gHo$&
 àJʶ ~mbH$m| ‘o§ {MÝVZ Ed§ A{YJ‘
11. AܶmnH$ H$mo AnZo {df¶ H$m AÀN>m kmZ hmoZo na hr N>mÌm| H$mo
dh Cg {df¶ H$mo R>rH$ àH$ma g‘Pm gH$Vm h¡& {df¶ H$m kmZ
XoVo g‘¶ N>mÌm| H$s {MÝVZ ep³V Ho$ {dH$mg na {ejH$ H$mo ܶmZ
XoZm Mm{hE&
12. {ejH$ H$mo n[apñW{V¶m± CËnÝZ H$aHo$ N>mÌm| H$mo {MÝVZ Ho$ {bE
A{^ào[aV H$aZm Mm{hE&
7.2.12 {MÝVZ à{H«$¶m
{MÝVZ à{H«$¶m H$m {ZåZ{b{IV Mma gmonmZm| ‘| {díbofU H$aHo$ AÀN>o T>§J go
g‘Pm Om gH$Vm h¡-
1. {H$gr bú¶ H$s Amoa CÝ‘wI hmoZm
ì¶p³V Ho$ gå‘wI O~ H$moB© g‘ñ¶m CËnÝZ hmoVr h¡, V~ dh Cg g‘ñ¶m H$m
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g‘mYmZ H$aZo Ho$ {bE {MÝVZ H$aVm h¡& {MÝVZ H$m bú¶ g‘ñ¶m H$mo Xÿa
H$aZm hmoVm h¡&
2. bú¶ àm{á Ho$ {bE à¶mg H$aZm
{MÝVZ ‘| ì¶p³V AnZo bú¶ H$mo àmá H$aZo Ho$ {bE à¶mgaV ahVm h¡& CgH$m
à¶mg hmoVm h¡ {H$ erK«m{VerK« g‘ñ¶m H$m g‘mYmZ hmo OmE&
3. nyd© AZw^dm| H$m ñ‘aU H$aZm
{MÝVZ ‘| ì¶p³V AnZo nwamZo AZw^dm| H$m nwZ… ñ‘aU H$aVm h¡, {Oggo CZHo$
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AmYma na dh dV©‘mZ g‘ñ¶m H$m g‘mYmZ H$aZo ‘| g‘W© hmo gHo$&
4. nyd© AZw^dm| H$mo dV©‘mZ g‘ñ¶m go g§¶mo{OV H$aZm
O~ ì¶p³V AnZo nyd© AZw^dm| Ho$ AmYma na dV©‘mZ g‘ñ¶m H$m g‘mYmZ
ImoOZo H$m à¶mg H$aVm h¡, V~ CgHo$ gå‘wI g‘ñ¶m Ho$ AZoH$ gå^m{dV
g‘mYmZ CnpñWV hmoZo bJVo h¢&
7.2.13 øyOmoO Ho$ AZwgma {MÝVZ H$s à{H«$¶m
øyOmoO Ho$ AZwgma {MÝVZ H$s à{H«$¶m Ho$ Mma gmonmZ h¡, {OZH$m g§{já {ddaU
www.praganya.org
{ZåZ àH$ma h¡-
1. g‘ñ¶m H$m AmH$bZ
{MÝVZ g‘ñ¶m Ho$ CËnÝZ hmoZo go àmaå^ hmoVm h¡& ‘yV© VWm A‘yV© g‘ñ¶mE±
{Okmgm Ho$ ‘mܶ‘ go {MÝVZ H$m Amaå^ H$aVr h¢& Bg nX ‘| ‘yV© go A‘yV©
H$s Amoa ~‹T>m OmVm h¡&
2. gå~pÝYV V϶m| H$m g§H$bZ
g‘ñ¶m H$mo g‘PZo Ho$ ~mX CZ V϶m| H$mo EH$Ì {H$¶m OmVm h¡, Omo g‘ñ¶m H$m
H$maU ImoOZo ‘| ghm¶H$ hmoVo h¢& V϶m| Ho$ g§H$bZ ‘| àoaUm H$m ^r ‘hÎd hmoVm h¡&
3. {ZîH$f© na nhþ±MZm
V϶m| H$m g§H$bZ H$a CZH$m {díbofU {H$¶m OmVm h¡& Bg {díbofU go {H$gr
{ZîH$f© na nhþ±Mm OmVm h¡&
4. {ZîH$f© H$m narjU
{MÝVZ go àmá n[aUm‘m| H$m narjU H$a CZH$s Om±M H$s OmVr h¡& Bggo
{MÝVZ H$s d¡YVm VWm {dídgZr¶Vm H$s narjm hmo OmVr h¡&
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
n¥îR> 115
7.2.14 {MÝVZ H$m e¡{jH$ ‘hÎd
g’$b OrdZ Ho$ {bE {MÝVZ A˶ÝV Amdí¶H$ h¡& {MÝVZ dñVwV… ì¶p³V
H$s dh ‘mZ{gH$ {H«$¶m h¡, Omo Cgo Aݶ ì¶p³V¶m| go loîR> ~ZmVr h¡& e¡{jH$
AWdm ì¶mdgm{¶H$ joÌm| ‘| g’$bVm àmá H$aZo ‘| ì¶p³V H$s {MÝVZ ep³V
H$m ‘hÎdnyU© ¶moJXmZ ahVm h¡& AV… AܶmnH$m| H$mo ~mbH$m| H$s {MÝVZ ep³V
H$mo {dH${gV H$aZo Ho$ ¶Wmgå^d à¶mg H$aZo Mm{hE& à˶jrH$aU, {dñV¥V
AZw^d, à˶¶-{Z‘m©U, ^mfm {dH$mg, {dMma A{^ì¶p³V Am{X H$mo àmoËgm{hV
H$aHo$ AܶmnH$ ~mbH$m| H$s {MÝVZ ep³V Ho$ {dH$mg ‘| ghm¶Vm H$a gH$Vo
h¢& ~mbH$m| H$s {Okmgm ep³V H$mo OmJ«V² H$aHo$ CZ‘| ܶmZ VWm é{M H$m
{dH$mg H$aHo$, àoaUm àXmZ H$aHo$, Xm{¶Ëd gm¢nH$a, dmX-{ddmX Ho$ Adga
àXmZ H$aHo$ VWm CZ‘| aQ>ÝV ñ‘aU H$r AmXV H$mo Xÿa H$aHo$ ^r ~mbH$m| H$s
{MÝVZ ep³V H$m {dH$mg {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡&
7.3 NmÌ {H$g àH$ma grIVo h¢?
AZwXoemË‘H$ à{H«$¶m ‘| {dkmZ {ejH$ {d{dY g‘ñ¶mAm| H$m gm‘Zm H$aVo
h¢ Am¡a N>mÌm| Ho$ g§kmZmË‘H$ {dH$mg ‘| H${R>ZVm go g’$bVm {‘bVr h¢&
¶{X {ejH$ ¶h OmZ gHo$ {H$ N>mÌ {H$g àH$ma grIVo h¢, Vmo N>mÌm| H$s
~m¡{ÕH$ {dH$mg à{d{Y gab ~Z gHo$Jr& gmW hr gmW N>mÌ ¶h g‘P
gHo$ {H$ gyMZm H$mo {H$g àH$ma A{O©V {H$¶m Om¶o, Vmo AZwXoeZ gab hmo
gHo$Jm& N>mÌm| H$mo ñ‘¥{VH$aU Ho$ ñWmZ na gåà˶¶, gm‘mݶrH$aU, g‘ñ¶m
g‘mYmZ H$m¡eb VWm ‘yë¶ {ZYm©aU aUZr{V A{O©V H$aZr h¡& Bg àH$ma Ho$
CÀM ñVar¶ A{YJ‘ Ho$ {bE N>mÌm| VWm {dkmZ {ejH$m| H$mo kmZ H$s àm{á
H$s à{H«$¶m g‘PZm Amdí¶H$ h¡& N>mÌ kmZ H$m gwa{jV ^ÊS>maU H$a gHo$,
Amdí¶H$VmZwgma CgH$m à˶mñ‘aU H$a gHo$& Am¡a Cn¶w³V à¶moJ H$a gHo$,
Bgo à^mdr {ejU A{YJ‘ à{d{Y ‘mZm Om¶oJm& ¶{X N>mÌ A{O©V kmZ Ed§
H$m¡eb H$m à¶moJ ZdrZ n[apñW{V¶m| ‘| H$a gHo$, Vmo ¶h EH$ CÎm‘ A{YJ‘
hmoJm& N>mÌm| H$mo {ddoMZmË‘H$ {MÝVZ A{O©V H$aZm hmoJm {Og‘| dh kmZ,
H$m¡eb H$m C{MV à¶moJ H$a gHo$&
‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| Zo g‘¶-g‘¶ na à¶moJ Am¡a AZw^d go ¶h OmZZo
H$m à¶mg {H$¶m h¡ {H$ N>mÌ H¡$go grIVm h¡? Am¡a CgHo$ {bE Hw$N> {gÕmÝV
{dH${gV {H$¶o h¢, Omo {ZåZ{b{IV h¡-
1. {Z{‘©VdmX/kmZ g§aMZmdmX
2. AmZw^{dH$ A{YJ‘
3. g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ
4. g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ
5. ImoO
7.4 {Z{‘©VdmX/kmZ g§aMZmdmX
{Z{‘©VdmX H$s CËn{Îm g§kmZmË‘H$ ‘Zmo{dkmZ joÌ go hþB© h¡& {Z{‘©VdmXr à{V‘mZ
OrZ {n¶mOo, bod dmBJmoËñH$s, Oo. Eg. ~«Zy a, hmadS>© JmS>Z© a VWm ZobgZ JwS>gZo
Ho$ H$m¶m} na AmYm[aV h¡& Om°Z S>rdr Ho$ AZw^d Ed§ {MÝVZ H$m ‘hÎd Ed§ {ejm
 n¥îR> 116 ~mbH$m| ‘| {MÝVZ Ed§ A{YJ‘
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
H$s Amdí¶H$VmAm| go gå~pÝYV {dMmam| H$m {Z{‘©VdmX na à^md h¢& Bg gÝX^©
‘| A{YJ‘ dh à{H«$¶m h¡, Omo {H$gr ì¶dñWm H$m Bg{bE ê$nmÝVa H$aVr h¡
{H$ {H$gr g‘pîQ> go {b¶o {H$¶o J¶o H$m¶m] Ho$ nadVu {ZînmXZ H$mo ݶyZm{YH$
An[adV©Zr¶ ê$n go gwYmam Om gHo$& {Z{‘©VdmX ‘| à˶oH$ N>mÌ H$s g{H«$¶Vm go
nyd© kmZ Ed§ ZdrZ kmZ H$s AÝV…{H«$¶m go kmZ H$s g§aMZm hmoVr h¡&
7.4.1 {Z{‘©VdmX H$m AW©
{Z{‘©VdmX EH$ Eogm {gÕmÝV h¡, Omo ¶h ‘mZVm h¡ {H$ kmZ H$m g§kmZr àm{U¶m|
Ho$ ~mha ApñVËd Zht hmo gH$Vm h¡, kmZ dmñV{dH$Vm/¶WmW© H$s g§aMZm h¡&
{Z{‘©VdmX H$s ‘w»¶ ‘mݶVm ¶h h¡ {H$ kmZ ~mha dñVwJV dmñV{dH$Vm ‘|
{dÚ‘mZ Zht h¡& kmZ grIZo dmbo N>mÌ Ûmam ‘Z hr ‘Z g§a{MV {H$¶m OmVm
h¡& grIZo dmbm N>mÌ O~ {H$gr ZdrZ pñW{V Ho$ gånH©$ ‘| AmVm h¡, Vmo CgHo$
nmg nyd© kmZ hmoVm h¡, Omo nwamZo AZw^dm| na AmYm[aV h¡, CgHo$ gånH©$ ‘|
AmVm h¡& ZdrZ kmZ H$s g§aMZm nyd© kmZ Ho$ EH$sH$aU go hmoVr h¡&
{Z{‘©VdmX nyd© A{YJ‘ Ed§ Z¶o A{YJ‘ H$s AÝV…{H«$¶m Ho$ ‘mܶ‘ go à˶oH$ N>mÌ
Ho$ Ûmam kmZ H$s g§aMZm Ho$ ‘hÎd H$mo ~b XoVm h¡&
{Z{‘©VdmX EH$ {gÕmÝV h¡ {Og‘| N>mÌ H¡$go grIVo h¢, ñnîQ> {H$¶m OmVm
h¡& {Z{‘©VdmX ‘| N>mÌ A˶ÝV d¡¶p³VH$ T>J§ go kmZ H$m g{H«$¶ ê$n go g¥OZ Ed§
nwZJ©R>Z H$aVo h¢& BgHo$ {bE N>mÌ BZ AñWm¶r ~m¡{ÕH$ g§ê$nm§o H$mo gm‘m{OH$-
gm§ñH¥${VH$ gÝX^m] ‘| K{Q>V AnZo Am¡nMm[aH$ e¡j{UH$ AZw^dm|, ݶyZm{YH$
d¡¶p³VH$ {gÕmÝV VWm ~moY Ho$ ‘mܶ‘ Ho$ ê$n ‘| H$m¶© H$aZo dmbo Aݶ AZoH$
à^mdm| na AmYm[aV H$aVm h¡& ¶h g‘ñV {H«$¶m ñnîQ> H$aVr h¡ {H$ OmZZo dmbo
H$s ì¶m»¶mË‘H$ AÝV…{H«$¶m VWm AmZw^m{dH$ V϶ Ûmam g§gma H$mo OmZm OmVm h¡&
{Z{‘©VdmX AZoH$ A{YJ‘ n[aàoú¶mo§ H$m g§íbofU h¡& {~«Q>oZ, AmñQ´>o{b¶m,
ݶyOrb¡ÊS> VWm A‘o[aH$m ‘| emoYH$Vm©Am| Zo Eo{Vhm{gH$ ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m|, Xme©{ZH$m|
VWm emoYH$Vm©Am§§o Ho$ A{YJ‘ {gÕmÝVm| VWm {d{Y¶m| H$s gh{H«$¶m H$mo AmYw{ZH$
~Zm¶m h¡& {Z{‘©VdmXr {gÕmÝV ‘| Om°Z S>rdr Ho$ grYo AZw^d Ed§ {MÝVZ, ~«yZa
Ho$ {d{eîQ> AZw^d Ûmam {Z{‘©V Cn¶w³V ‘mZ{gH$ g§aMZmAm| na ~b XoZm
Am{X gpå‘{bV h¡& {Z{‘©VdmX Ho$ g‘W©Z ‘| AZoH$ emoY à‘mU h¢& {Z{‘©VdmX
Zo g‘ñV ^mfm Aܶ¶Z H$mo {~«Q>oZ ‘| à^m{dV {H$¶m h¡& BgH$m à^md J{UV
{ejU, {dkmZ {ejU na ^r h¡&
{Z{‘©VdmX Ho$ ~moY Ho$ {bE ‘Zmo{dkmZ, kmZ ‘r‘m§gm VWm Xe©Z Am{X
H$m Aܶ¶Z Amdí¶H$ h¡, ³¶m|{H$ {Z{‘©VdmXr {gÕmÝV ‘| BZH$s ‘w»¶ ^y{‘H$m h¡&
7.4.2 {Z{‘©VdmX Ho$ àH$ma
{ejm{dXm| Zo bJ^J ~mah {Z{‘©VdmXr {gÕmÝVm| Ho$ ‘moS²>¶yb H$s ì¶m»¶m H$s h¡,
{OZH$m AmYma ‘Zmo{dkmZ Ed§ kmZ-‘r‘m§gm h¡& {ejm ‘| {Z{‘©VdmX {gÕmÝV
Ho$ Xmo ‘yb àmê$n h¡-
1. {n¶mOo H$m g§kmZmË‘H$ {Z{‘©VdmX
OrZ {n¶mOo H$m H$m¶© g§kmZmË‘H$ {Z{‘©VdmX H$m AmYma h¡, {Og‘| {H$g àH$ma
{ejmWu d¡¶p³VH$ ê$n go AnZo g§gma ‘| ~m¡{ÕH$ g§aMZmAm| H$mo ñdrH$maVo h¢?
Bg‘| ì¶p³V AHo$bm AW© {ZH$mbVm h¡& {ejH$m| H$mo N>mÌm| ‘| {d{eîQ> H¥$˶m|
Ûmam H${R>ZmB© àñVwV H$aVo hþE g§kmZmË‘H$ n[adV©Z H$aZm Mm{hE&
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
àJʶ
2. gm‘m{OH$ {Z{‘©VdmX
gm‘m{OH$ {Z{‘©VdmX ‘| ¶h ñdrH$mam J¶m h¡ {H$ kmZ Ho$ d¡¶p³VH$ Ed§
gm‘m{OH$ Xmo ^mJ h¢ Am¡a BÝh| {H$gr ^r AW©nyU© ê$n ‘§o AbJ go Zht XoIm
Om gH$Vm& ì¶p³V Xÿgam| H$s CnpñW{V ‘| kmZ H$s g§aMZm H$aVm h¡, Omo
n¶m©daU H$mo ^mfm, nyd© {ZYm©[aV gåà˶¶ VWm kmZ g¥OZ H$aZo Am¡a Cgo
naIZo H$s ñdrH¥$V {d{Y¶m| go {Z¶pÝÌV H$aVo h¢& AZoH$ {ejm{dX² g§kmZmË‘H$
Ed§ gm‘m{OH$ {Z{‘©VdmX n[aàoú¶ Ho$ Cn¶moJr g§íbofU na ~b XoVo h¢ VWm
¶h ñdrH$maVo h¢ {H$ kmZ H$s g§aMZm d¡¶p³VH$ ê$n go hmoVr h¡ Am¡a gm‘m{OH$
‘ܶñWVm go ñdrH$mar OmVr h¡&
Bg‘| Xmo à{d{Y¶m± h¢-
1. pñW{V kmZ
2. gm‘m{OH$ gm§ñH¥${VH$ kmZ&
¶o XmoZm| à{d{Y¶m± n¶m©daU Ho$ gÝX^© ‘| AW©nyU© EH$sH¥$V A{YJ‘
A{YJ‘ Ho$ ‘hÎd H$mo àYmZVm XoVr h¢& pñW{V kmZ {Z{‘©VdmX ‘| ¶h nhMmZVo
h¢ {H$ N>mÌ gm‘m{OH$ n¶m©daU ‘| kmZ H$m ê$nmÝVaU H$aVo h¢ VWm Bg AÝV…
{H«$¶m go XmoZm| N>mÌ Ed§ n¶m©daU ‘| n[adV©Z hmoVm h¡& gm‘m{OH$ gm§ñH¥${VH$
kmZ {Z{‘©VdmX AW©nyU© EH$sH¥$V A{YJ‘ H$mo Ho$pÝÐV H$aVm h¡& ¶h à{d{Y
AW©nyU© H$m¶moª Ho$ {dH$mg na ~b XoVr h¡& BZ‘| AZoH$ {df¶m| H$mo gpå‘[bV
H$aHo$ à¶moJ ‘| bmVo h¢&
7.4.3 {Z{‘©VdmX go CËnÝZ e¡{jH$ {gÕmÝV
{Z{‘©VdmX go AZoH$ e¡[jH$ {gÕmÝVm| H$s ì¶wËn{Îm hþB© h¡, Hw$N> e¡{jH$ {gÕmÝV
{ZåZ{b{IV h¡-
1. AZwXoeZ H$m ‘w»¶ CÔoí¶ gåà˶¶ {dH$mg Ed§ JhZ ~moY h¡&
AZwXoeZ H$m AW© ‘mÌ H$m¡eb Ed§ ì¶dhma {dH$mg Zht h¡&
2. A{YJ‘ {Z{‘©VdmXr à{H«$¶m h¡, {Ogo N>mÌm| H$mo nyam H$aZm h¢& N>mÌ
g{H«$¶ {dÚmWu h¡& {ejm{dXm| H$m H$m¶© N>mÌm| H$mo dh Adga CnbãY
H$amZm h¡, {OZgo N>mÌ kmZ H$m {Z‘m©U H$a gHo$&
3. N>mÌm| ‘| g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ gå~pÝYV àmg§{JH$ ~moY Ho$ {Z‘m©U Ho$
{bE {ejH$m| H$mo AW©nyU© à‘m{UH$ {H«$¶mE± CnbãY H$amZm h¡&
4. {df¶-dñVw Am¡a A{YJ‘ à{d{Y XmoZm| H$m {MÝVZ gdm}n[a h¡&
5. gh¶moJr g‘yh Ûmam N>mÌm| Ho$ ~moY H$m narjU {H$¶m Om¶o VWm
{d{eîQ> g‘ñ¶m gå~pÝYV ~moY H$mo ~‹T>m¶m Om¶o&
6. {ejH$m| Ûmam N>mÌm| Ho$ {bE ZdrZ kmZ, Omo H$jm ‘| n‹T>m¶m J¶m h¡
VWm N>mÌm| Ho$ {dJV AZw^dm| ‘| gwñnîQ> gå~ÝY Omo‹S>m Om¶o& {ejH$
nmR> AWdm BH$mB© Ho$ ‘w»¶ gåà˶¶m| VWm {ddoMZmË‘H$ {~ÝXþAm|
H$m gå~ÝY gmam§e Ûmam, Aä¶mg Ûmam ~Zm¶o aIo&
7. nyd© kmZ Omo N>mÌ A{YJ‘ pñW{V ‘| Cn¶moJ ‘| bmVo h¢, gX¡d
gåà˶¶mË‘H$ ~moY H$mo à^m{dV H$aVm h¢, Bg nyd© kmZ H$mo nydm©J«h,
gab {gÕmÝV, d¡H$pënH$ T>m±Mm VWm {dMma ^«mpÝV H$hVo h¢&
8. {ejH$m| H$mo nydm©J«h Ûmam N>mÌm| Ho$ {MÝVZ H$mo MwZm¡Vr XoZr Mm{hE&
9. {Z[‘©VdmX nyd©kmZ Ho$ AZw^d Ho$ narjU na ~b XoVm h¡&
10. {Z{‘©VdmX H$m ‘yb {gÕmÝV h¡ {H$ ì¶p³V g{H«$¶ hmoH$a AnZo kmZ
H$s, g§aMZm H$s, ZdrZ kmZ H$s AnZo nyd© kmZ go VwbZm H$ao,
 àJʶ ~mbH$m| ‘o§ {MÝVZ Ed§ A{YJ‘
{Oggo ZdrZ ~moY H$a gHo$&
11. AZoH {ejm{dX² {Z{‘©VdmX H$mo {dH$ën Ho$ ê$n ‘| boVo h¢, O¡go-
{Z{‘©VdmX H$s kmZ ‘r‘m§gm {df¶{ZîR>dmX H$m {dH$ën h¡& {Z{‘©VdmX
N>mÌ-Ho$pÝÐV h¡, Omo {ejH$-Ho$pÝÐV H$jm H$m {dH$ën h¡ VWm
e¡j{UH$ gÝX^© ‘| BgH$m ‘hÎd ~b A{YJ‘ H$s ImoO {d{Y¶m| na
h¡, Omo AZwXoemË‘H$ A{YJ‘ H$m {dH$ën h¡&
7.4.4 EH$ {Z{‘©VdmX àmê$n
{Z{‘©VdmX ‘| JhZ ~moY H$m à¶mg {H$¶m OmVm h¡& {ejm{dXm| H$m ‘V h¡ {H$
g‘ñV ì¶p³V¶m| ‘| CZH$m ñd¶§ H$m ~moY hmoVm h¡ VWm O~ VH$ do ñd¶§ Ho$
{bE g§aMZm Zht H$aVo, CÝh| {dídmg Zht hmoVm& EboZ VWm ~oH$Z (1994)
Ho$ AZwgma {Z{‘©VdmXr {gÕmÝV na AmYm[aV A{YJ‘ {ejU ‘m°S>b ~Zm¶m
Om gH$Vm h¡& N>mÌm| H$mo AÝdofU Ho$ {bE gw{dYmE± CnbãY H$am¶|, Vm{H$ do
www.praganya.org
gm‘J«r H$mo ñd¶§ à¶moJ ‘| bm gHo$& CZgo àíZ nyN>o Am¡a N>mÌm| H$mo Cn¶moJr Ed§
CËnmXH$ àíZ nyN>Zo Ho$ {bE à[aV H$ao& N>mÌm| H$mo CZH$s ì¶m»¶m ‘| g§aMZm
hoVw CZHo$ {dMmam| ‘| g‘mZVm Ed§ AÝVa na {MÝVZ H$aZo Xo VWm CZHo$ {dMmam|
‘| gå~ÝYm| H$s g§aMZm H$aZo Xo& N>mÌm| Ho$ n¶m©daU, Q>o³Zmobm°Or Ho$ à¶moJ Ho$
{dMmam| H$mo ì¶mnH$Vm Xo, {Og‘| {dkmZ à{d{Y¶m±, H$m¡eb Ho$ à¶moJ na ~b
hmo& Bggo N>mÌm| Ho$ {MÝVZ H$mo àmoËgmhZ {‘boJm& CZHo$ {dMmam| VWm {MÝVZ
H$m¡ebm| Ho$ gÝX^© ‘| CÝho ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$aZo Xo&
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7.4.5 {ejU {H«$¶mE±
N>mÌm| H$mo AÝdofU hoVw àmoËgmhZ Xo, g‘yh gh¶moJ, àíZ nyN>Zo na ~b Xo&
N>mÌm| go AÝV…{H«$¶m, CZHo$ {dMma OmZo, CÝh| gåà˶¶ g§aMZm ‘| gh¶moJ
Xo& ^m¡{VH$, ‘mZ{gH$ à{H«$¶mAm| Ûmam N>mÌm| H$mo {dMmam| H$m {dñVma H$aZo Xo&
{dkmZ à{d{Y H$m¡ebm| Ho$ à¶moJ na ~b Xo& N>mÌm| Ho$ {dkmZ à{d{Y H$m¡ebm| Ho$
ñdm{‘Ëd Ed§ {dMmam| Ho$ n[adV©Z H$m ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$ao& Bg‘| VËH$mb hmoZo dmbo
à¶moJm| na ~b Xo&
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7.4.6 {Z{‘©VdmX EH$ gm§ñH¥${VH$ àUmbr Ho$ ê$n ‘|
{Z{‘©VdmXr {ejU ‘§o {dkmZ {ejH$ {Z{‘©VdmXr {gÕmÝV Ho$ à¶moJ Ho$ {bE N>mÌm|
H$mo gh¶moJ Xo gH$Vo h¢& gm‘mݶV… {dkmZ {ejH$ kmZ g§aMZm gabrH$aU
H$aZo dmbm ì¶p³V h¡ Am¡a {ZåZ{b{IV ^y{‘H$m go dh N>mÌm| H$mo ~moY g§aMZm
‘| ghm¶Vm Xo gH$Vm h¡, {Og‘| H$jm ‘| hmoZo dmbr n[apñW{V¶m| H$mo g‘PZm
hmoJm, {OZgo kmZ H$m g¥OZ hmoVm h¡ Am¡a nwZ… g§aMZm hmoVr h¡-
1. gd©àW‘ N>mÌm| H$mo ¶h ñdrH$maZm hmoJm {H$ do kmZ H$m g¥OZ H$a
gH$Vo h¢ Am¡a ¶h g‘PZm hmoJm {H$ kmZ CZHo$ ~mha {dÚ‘mZ Zht
h¡& {ejH$ H$mo ¶h ñdrH$maZm h¡ {H$ O~ N>mÌ g§gma H$mo g‘P aho
h¢, Vmo do ZdrZ kmZ H$m g¥OZ H$a aho h¢& ¶{X N>mÌm| H$mo ~m¡{ÕH$
Adga {‘b|Jo, Vmo do {df¶dñVw H$mo g‘P|Jo Am¡a ñd¶§ ~moY A{O©V
H$ao§Jo& Bg à{H«$¶m ‘| {ejH$ EH$ ‘mJ©Xe©H$, àoaUm XoZo dmbm,
Adga CnbãY H$amZo dmbm, N>mÌm| Ho$ gmW ~moY {dH${gV H$aZo
dmbm ghm¶H$ h¡& N>mÌ {ejH$ Ho$ gmW AÝV…{H«$¶m Ûmam gåà˶¶,
eãXmdbr VWm Iob aUZr{V¶m| H$mo àmá H$aVm h¡&
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
n¥îR> 117
2. ¶h ‘hÎdnyU© h¡ {H$ N>mÌ {H$g àH$ma {df¶dñVw H$mo H$m‘ ‘§o bmVo
h¢& N>mÌ g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ à{d{Y Ûmam M¶{ZV gåà˶¶m| H$mo OmZZo
H$m à¶mg H$aVo hþE CZH$mo g‘P nmVo h¢& ¶h EH$ ~m¡{ÕH$ {H«$¶m h¡,
{Og‘| {df¶dñVw EH$sH¥$V h¡&
3. N>mÌm| Ho$ {bE {df¶dñVw Ed§ Cgo OmZZo H$s à{d{Y XmoZm| ‘hÎdnyU© h¢&
A{YH$ g‘¶ VH$ H$m¶©aV ahZo go ~moY hmoVm h¡& {dkmZ ‘| ge³V
gåà˶¶ M¶Z N>mÌm| H$mo ~moY ‘| ghm¶H$ hmoJm& {Z{‘©VdmXr A{YJ‘
XrK©H$mbrZ g{H«$¶Vm na ~b XoVm h¡, {Og‘| g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ {d{Y
H$m à¶moJ {H$¶m J¶m h¡& Bg {d{Y ‘| N>mÌ à‘mU EH${ÌV H$ao VWm
CZH$s ì¶m»¶m H$ao& {ejH$ H$s ^y{‘H$m N>mÌm| H$mo gw{dYmE± CnbãY
H$amZm h¡& N>mÌm| ‘| nyd© kmZ H$mo AmYma ‘mZH$a ZdrZ kmZ H$mo A{O©V
H$aZm ‘hÎdnyU© h¡, {Og‘| ImoO AmYm[aV àíZ, {H«$¶mE± gpå‘{bV
h¢ AWm©V² {ejH$ CÀM H$m¡eb àmá A{YJ‘ gabrH$aU H$aZo dmbm
h¡& {Z{‘©VdmXr g§ñH¥${V ‘| {ejH$ Am¡a N>mÌ nmañn[aH$ ~mVMrV go
grIVo h¢ VWm N>mÌm| H$m ‘yë¶m§H$Z CZHo$ {ZînmXZ na AmYm[aV h¡,
Bg{bE {Z{‘©VdmXr H$jm H$mo EH$ g§ñH¥${V ñdrH$mam J¶m h¡&
7.5 AmZw^{dH$ A{YJ‘
A{YJ‘ AZw^d Ho$ ‘mܶ‘ go K{Q>V hmoVm h¡& ~mbH$ H$m g§gma, {deof ê$n go
àmW{‘H$ embm ‘|, g§doXr-J˶mË‘H$ g§gma hmoVm h¡& dh CZ dñVwAm| ‘| é{M
boVm h¡, {OÝh| dh XoI gH$Vm h¡, gwZ gH$Vm h¡, ñne© H$a gH$Vm h¡, {OZH$m
ñdmX bo gH$Vm h¡, {Z¶mo{OV H$a gH$Vm h¡, ~Zm gH$Vm h¡, H$a gH$Vm h¡ Am¡a
Om±M H$a gH$Vm h¡ AWm©V² à¶moJ H$a gH$Vm h¡& Omo AZw^d ~mbH$ Ho$ VwaÝV
H$ë¶mU go gå~pÝYV Zht hmoVo AWdm g‘¶ Am¡a Xÿar Ho$ AmYma na XÿañW
hmoVo h¢, CZ AZw^dm| ‘| ~mbH$ H$s é{M Zht ahVr& ‘mܶ{‘H$ ñHy$b ñVa H$s
AdñWm ‘| ¶o é{M¶m± n[ad{V©V hmo gH$Vr h¢, {H$ÝVw AZw^d H$s Amdí¶H$Vm
à‘wI ‘hÎd H$s hr ~Zr ahVr h¡& ~mbH$ Ho$ Amapå^H$ dfm] ‘| AZw^d H$s
gdm©{YH$ Amdí¶H$Vm hmoVr h¡& AmZw^{dH$ A{YJ‘ H$mo AZw^d Ûmam grIZm
¶m AZw^d go grIZm Ho$ ê$n ‘| n[a^m{fV {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡&
7.5.1 AmZw^{dH$ A{YJ‘ H$s àH¥${V
AmZw^{dH$ A{YJ‘ H$s àH¥${V H$m {ZYm©aU {ZåZ{b{IV H$maH$m| go hmoVm h¡-
1. H$aHo$ grIZm
BgHo$ AÝVJ©V H$m¶© H$aZo Am¡a à˶j AZw^d H$mo ‘hÎd {X¶m OmVm h¡&
à¶moJembm H$m¶©, IobHy$X à{ejU, d¥jmamonU Am{X BgHo$ AZoH$ CXmhaU
{XE Om gH$Vo h¢&
2. X¡{ZH$ AZw^d Ho$ Ûmam ì¶p³VJV A{YJ‘
A{YJ‘ Ho$ AÝVJ©V ì¶p³V H$m AnZo AZw^dm| H$s {deofVmAm|, àmê$nm| Am¡a
n[aUm‘m| go AdJV hmoZm AmVm h¡&
3. AmZw^{dH$ gm‘m{OH$ g‘yh à{H«$¶mE±
AZw^d Ûmam grIZo H$m {dñVma, gm‘m{OH$ H$m¡ebm| Ho$ grIZo VH$ {H$¶m
J¶m h¡&
 n¥îR> 118 ~mbH$m| ‘| {MÝVZ Ed§ A{YJ‘
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
4. H$jm ‘| AmZw^{dH$ A{YJ‘
g‘yh à{H«$¶m J{V{d{Y¶m| go, {Og‘| H$B© ZdrZ AÝVd£¶p³VH$ H$m¶©H$bmn
gpå‘{bV hmoVo h¢; H$jm A{YJ‘ g§d¥Õ hmoVm h¡& ^y{‘H$m A{^Z¶, Iob d
AZwê$nU VWm ‘yë¶ Aä¶mg Am{X go A{YJ‘H$Vm© H$mo R>mog AZw^d àmá hmoVo
h¢, {OgHo$ àH«$‘U Ho$ níMmV² g§kmZmË‘H$ n[adV©Z Vmo hmoVm hr h¡, gmW hr
A{^d¥{Îm Ed§ ì¶dhma ‘| ^r n[adV©Z hmoVm h¡&
Aݶ H$m¶©H$bmnm| ‘| lì¶-Ñí¶ gmYZm| H$m BñVo‘mb, H$bm, ZmQ>H$,
g§JrV, Z¥Ë¶ Am¡a Iob gpå‘{bV h¢&
7.5.2 H$m°~ Ho$ AZwgma AmZw^{dH$ A{YJ‘ H$s AdñWmE±
H$m°~ Zo AZwgma AmZw^{dH$ A{YJ‘ H$r Mma AdñWmE± {ZåZ{b{IV h¢-
1. R>mog ì¶p³VJV AZw^d&
2. Cg AZw^d H$m àojU Am¡a ‘ZZ&
3. A‘yV© AdYmaUmE± Am¡a gm‘mݶrH$aU&
4. g{H«$¶ à¶moJrH$aU AWm©V² ZdrZ pñW{V¶m| ‘| gm‘mݶrH$aU H$m narjU&
Bg Mma AdñWr¶ MH«$ H$mo EH$ CXmhaU Ûmam g‘Pm Om gH$Vm h¢-
O~ gXu ‘| ~ÀMo H$mo R>ÊS> bJVr h¡, V~ ‘m± Cgo ñdoQ>a nhZZo Ho$ {bE XoVr h¡&
Cgo ñdoQ>a go J‘u {‘bVr h¡& CgH$s R>ÊS> H$‘ hmoVr h¡& ¶h R>mog AZw^d H$s
nhbr AdñWm h¡& ñdoQ>a, em°b Am{X J‘© H$n‹S>m| go ~ÀMm Bg V϶ H$m àojU
H$aVm h¡& ¶h Xÿgar AdñWm& CgHo$ àojU go Cgo gm‘mݶrH$aU ‘| ghm¶Vm
{‘bVr h¡ {H$ J‘© H$n‹S>o R>ÊS> H$‘ H$aVo h¢ ¶h Vrgar AdñWm h¡& ApÝV‘
AdñWm dh h¡, O~ ~ÀMm J‘© H$n‹S>m| Ho$ gmW à¶moJ H$aVm h¡ Am¡a AnZo Hw$Îmo
Ho$ Mmam| Amoa J‘© H$n‹S>m bnoQ>Vm h¡&
EH$ {ejH$ Ho$ ê$n ‘| h‘| AZw^d Bg àH$ma Am¶mo{OV H$aZo Mm{hE,
{Oggo ~mbH$ H$mo AZw^d H$s Mmam| AdñWmAm| go {ZH$bZo Ho$ Adga {‘bo&
BZ‘| go H$moB© EH$ AdñWm ghr ê$n go A{YJ‘ H$m {Z‘m©U Zht H$aVr&
7.5.3 A{YJ‘ H$mo gwJ‘ ~ZmZo dmbo AZw^d
1. CX²^mgZ
XoIZm, àojU H$aZm, gy±KZm, ñdmX MIZm, ñne© H$aZm, ܶmZ go XoIZm,
à{V{H«$¶m H$aZm, nhMmZZm&
2. gh^m{JVm
àojU, {ddoMZm H$aZm, AÝdofU H$aZm, AmH$bZ H$aZm, g§H$ënZm H$aZm,
{ZXo{eV H$aZm, Aܶ¶Z H$aZm, AZw‘m{ZV H$aZm, g§Mm{bV H$aZm, H«$‘~Õ
H$aZm, g§J«h H$aZm, à{Vê${nV H$aZm, n[a^m{fV H$aZm, gwZZm&
3. A{^kmZ
gmhM¶© ñWm{nV dJuH$aU H$aZm, dJuH¥$V H$aZm, ì¶m»¶m H$aZm, à¶moJ H$aZm,
‘mZ{MÌU, AZw‘m{ZV H$aZm, AZwà¶wp³V, nhMmZ, AÝdofU H$aZm, {bIZm,
{MÌ ~ZmZm, n[aH$ënZm {Z‘m©U, MmQ>© ~ZmZm, n‹T>Zm, gyMZm Ho$ {bE àojU&
4. AmÝVarH$aU (ì¶m»¶m)
{díbofU H$aZm, VwbZm H$aZm ¶m g§jonU, ImoO~rZ H$aZm ({ZJ‘Z {ZîH$f©U),
{d^oXZ H$aZm, gm‘mݶrH$aU, JhZ N>mZ~rZ, ñWmZmÝVaU&
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
àJʶ
5. {dñVmaU
gåàofU, àX{e©V H$aZm, àñVwVrH$aU, A{^ào[aV H$aZm&
7.5.4 AmZw^{dH$ A{YJ‘ Ho$ {bE e¡j{UH$ H$m¶©Zr{V¶m±
AmZw^{dH$ A{YJ‘ Ho$ CÔoí¶m|o H$s àm{á Ho$ {bE ~mbH$m| H$mo dm§{N>V Adga
àXmZ H$aZo Ho$ {bE {ejH$ H$mo {ejU-H$m¶©Zr[V {Z¶mo{OV H$aZr Mm{hE&
bo³Ma/ì¶m»¶mZ {d{Y¶m| H$s OJh A{YH$ AÝV{H«©$¶mË‘H$ ¶m H$m¶©H$bmnm|
na AmYm[aV {d{Y¶m± à¶moJ H$aZr Mm{hE& EH$-Va’$m gåàofU Ho$ ñWmZ na
XmoVa’$m AWdm ~hþVa’$m gåàofU H$m à¶moJ H$aZm Mm{hE& {ejU gmYZm|/
gm‘J«r H$mo H$‘ H$aHo$ A{YJ‘ gmYZm|/gm‘J«r H$mo à¶w³V H$aZm Mm{hE&
do H$m¶©Zr{V¶m± AnZmZr Mm{hE {OZgo {dÚmWr© H$m g§gma ‘| Am‘Zm-
gm‘Zm hmo gHo$& BgHo$ ~mX MMm©, ñnîQ>rH$aU Ed§ {ddoMZm Ho$ {bE n¶m©á g‘¶
XoZm Mm{hE& ^y{‘H$m A{^Z¶ Iob, AZwê$nU, Aä¶mg O¡gr H$m¶©Zr{V¶m±,
AZw^d àmá H$aZo, ‘hgyg H$aZo Am¡a ‘hÎd g‘PZo Ho$ Adga àXmZ H$aVr h¢&
à¶moJembm H$m¶©, joÌ-^«‘U, MMm©E±, ZmQ>H$sH$aU, go[‘Zma VWm n[a¶moOZmE±,
do {d[Y¶m± h¢ {OZgo {dÚmWu A{YJ‘ à{H«$¶mAm| ‘| g{H«$¶ ^mJrXma hmoVm h¡
Am¡a AnZo A{YJ‘ H$mo A{YH$ MwZm¡VrnyU©, AmZÝX‘¶ Am¡a gmhgnyU© ~ZmVm h¡&
AmZw^{dH$ A{YJ‘ H$mo à^mdr ~ZmZo hoVw {ejH$ Ûmam {ejU ‘| ImoO
à{ejU ‘m°S>b Ed§ AdYmaUm CnbpãY ‘m°S>b H$m à¶moJ H$aZm Mm{hE& ñd¶§
AZw^d H$aHo$ N>mÌ ~ohVa VarHo$ go grI nmVo h¢& {d{^ÝZ {H«$¶mH$bmn, Omo
{dÚm{W©¶m| H$mo A{YJ‘ à{H«$¶m ‘| g{H«$¶ ^mJrXma ~ZmVo h¢, CÝh| g§d{Õ©V
AZw^d ^r àXmZ H$aVo h¢& AV… {ejU ‘o§ Eogo H$m¶©H$bmnm| H$m Am¶moOZ Adí¶
{H$¶m OmZm Mm{hE& Bggo N>mÌ é{Mnyd©H$ {ejU à{H«$¶m ‘| g{H«$¶ ahVo hþE
A{YJ‘ H$a gH|$Jo&
7.6 g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ
g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ Ûmam H$jm ‘| N>mÌm| H$mo AW©nyU© A{YJ‘ CnbãY H$amZm
gå^d h¡& g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ H$mo {ejm H$m A˶ÝV AmemOZH$ ZdmMma
ñdrH$mam J¶m h¡& g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ N>mÌm| H$mo gyMZm g§J{R>V H$aZo Ho$ {bE
à˶j Ñí¶ àñVwV H$aVo h¢&
g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ EH$ g§{H«$¶ A{YJ‘ gmYZ h¡ Am¡a {d{^ÝZ
ê$n go BgH$m à¶moJ {ejU ‘| gå^d h¡, O¡go-{Z¶moOZ, {ejU, g§emoYZ
VWm ‘yë¶m§H$Z& AmO g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ H$mo {ejU ‘| EH$ ‘hÎdnyU© A{V
g§kmZmË‘H$ CnH$aU ñdrH$mam J¶m h¡& Bg Aܶm¶ ‘| g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ H$m
AW©, {dH${gV H$aZo H$s {d{Y VWm H$jm ‘| BgHo$ à¶moJ na n[aMMm© H$s JB© h¡&
~moY EH$ ¶mo½¶Vm h¡ {Og‘| {H$gr gåà˶¶, {dMma AWdm g‘ñ¶m H$s
àH¥${V, ‘hÎd Ed§ ì¶m»¶m H$s g‘P Am¡a CgH$m ñnîQ> gånyU© d¡Mm[aH$ kmZ
H$s CnbãYVm hmoZm Amdí¶H$ h¢& g§{já ‘| ~moY g‘P H$s ¶mo½¶Vm h¡&
~moY, nyd© A{O©V kmZ H$mo ZdrZ AZw^dm| Ed§ n[apñW{V¶m| ‘|o à¶moJ
‘| bmZo H$s CnbpãY h¡& ~moY, N>mÌm| ‘| d¡¶[³Vd$ Ed§ n¶m©daUr¶ AZwHy$bVm
H$mo gj‘ ~ZmVm h¡& g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ Ûmam ~moY A{O©V H$aZm EH$ e¡{jH$
ZdmMma h¡& {OgHo$ Ûmam AW©nyU© A{YJ‘ A{O©V H$aVo h¡& AW©nyU© A{YJ‘ ‘|
 àJʶ ~mbH$m| ‘o§ {MÝVZ Ed§ A{YJ‘
N>mÌ AZwXoeZ Ho$ H$maU nyd© kmZ H$m ZdrZ kmZ go gå~ÝY ñWm{nV H$aVo h¡&
Bg à{H«$¶m ‘| N>mÌ ZdrZ AW© àmá H$aVo h¢& ¶h Cg {dMma H$m ~moY h¡& Bg
à{H«$¶m go kmZ ‘| gVV² d¥{Õ hmoVr h¢, {Og‘| nyd© kmZ go ZdrZ kmZ g§¶moOZ
~ZVm h¡& ’$bñdê$n Bg à{H«$¶m ‘| aQ>Zo na H$‘ ~b hmoVm h¡ Am¡a ~moY gab
hmoVm h¡& {ejm H$m AW© N>mÌm| H$mo grIZo ‘| ZdrZ AW© Ty>±‹T>Zm h¡, {Ogo h‘
AW©nyU© A{YJ‘ H$hVo h¢& g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ Ûmam grIZo ‘| VrZ àH$ma Ho$
kmZ H$m à¶moJ hmoVm h¡- V϶, gåà˶¶ Ed§ gm‘mݶrH$aU&
g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ Ûmam {ejU ‘| gwYma gå^d h¡ Am¡a N>mÌm| ‘|
{dÚ‘mZ {dMma ^«mpÝV¶m| H$mo Xÿa {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡& Bg joÌ ‘| emoYH$Vm©
{Z{‘©VdmX ‘| g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ H$s CËn{Îm XoIVo h¢, {Oggo ¶h {d{XV hmoVm
h¡ {H$ N>mÌ ñd¶§ H$s ì¶p³VJV {d{eîQ>Vm go gåà˶¶m| H$m ~moY H$aVo h¢&
g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ {dH${gV H$aZo H$mo ~moY Ho$ {bE EH$ ‘hÎdnyU© {ZX}emË‘H$
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aUZr{V ñdrH$mam J¶m h¡& {ejU ‘| ~moY H$s {d{dY aUZr{V¶m| H$mo à¶moJ ‘|
bm¶m Om gH$Vm h¡& O¡go-grIZo Ho$ {bE boIZ, g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ ~ZmZm,
~moY Ho$ {bE dmMZ, {MÌm| H$s ì¶m»¶m H$aZm, g‘yh H$m¶© Ûmam ì¶m»¶m VWm
{MÌm| Ed§ ‘m°S>b Ûmam gåà˶¶ ñnîQ> H$aZm&
ì¶p³V H$s ¶mo½¶Vm VWm {MÝVZ, à{d{Y¶m| H$s OmZH$mar VWm CgH$m|
‘m°[ZQ>a H$aZm hr A{V-g§kmZ h¡& EH$ A{V g§kmZr ì¶p³V AnZo {MÝVZ Ed§
A{YJ‘ na {dMma H$aHo$ CZ‘| Amdí¶H$ n[adV©Z H$a boVm h¡& Bg àH$ma dh
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AZdaV g’$bVm àmá H$aVm h¡& AV… A{V-g§kmZ g’$b ì¶p³V¶m| go Ow‹S>m
hþAm h¡& ñd-{Z¶‘Z BgH$m ‘hÎdnyU© H$m¡eb h¡&
ñd¶§ Ho$ {MÝVZ AWdm A{YJ‘ H$s OmZH$mar H$s ¶mo½¶Vm H$mo
A{Vg§kmZ H$hVo h¢, Omo ñd-{Z^©aVm Ed§ g¥OZmË‘H$Vm Ho$ ZdrZ nj {XImVo
h¢& Bg‘| CÎm‘ {MÝVZerb ì¶p³V AnZo {MÝVZ ‘| gwYma bm gH$Vo h¢, ³¶m|{H$
dh {d{Y ñd¶§ na bmJy hmoVr h¡& ¶h {MÝVZ H$mo Xÿgao ñVa na bo OmVr h¡&
ñd-{Z¶‘Z EH$ Eogm H$m¡eb h¡, Omo g~ na (ñd¶§ na ^r) bmJy hmoVm h¡& Amn
AnZo Ûmam àñVwV ì¶m»¶m H$mo ‘m°[ZQ>a H$a gH$Vo h¢ Am¡a Cg‘| dm§{N>V gwYma
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H$a gH$Vo h¢& ñd-{Z¶‘Z EH$ g§kmZmË‘H$ H$m¡eb h¡, {OgH$mo à‘wIVm go
^mdZmË‘H$ ‘Z…pñW{V H$m ^mJ ñdrH$mam J¶m h¡& Bg‘| gOJVm go ñd¶§ H$s
g§kmZmË‘H$ à{H«$¶mAm| H$mo ‘m°[ZQ>a H$a gH$Vo h¢& Bg‘| ghH$m¡eb, O¡go-ñd-
narjU Ed§ ñd-gwYma gpå‘{bV h¡&
{ejH$ H$mo N>mÌmo§ ‘| ñd-A[YJ‘ H$mo {Z¶pÝÌV H$aZo H$m CÎmaXm{¶Ëd
{dH${gV H$aZm Mm{hE& Xÿgao eãXm| ‘|, A{V g§kmZ H$m¡eb VWm aUZr{V H$s
OmZH$mar N>mÌm| H$mo XoZr Mm{hE, {Oggo N>mÌ ñd¶§ H$s g§kmZmË‘H$ {H«$¶mAm|
H$mo ‘m°[ZQ>a H$a gHo$& Bg àH$ma Ho$ H$m¡eb nmR²>¶M¶m© Ho$ {H$gr ^r àH$aU
‘| {dH${gV {H$¶o Om gH$Vo h¢& Bg àH$ma Ho$ Hw$N> H$m¡eb {ZåZ{b{IV h¢-
1. ñd-àíZ H$aZm
2. g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ {dH${gV H$aZm
3. ñd-‘yë¶m§H$Z
7.6.1 g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ H$m AW©
g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ EH$ AmboIr {MÌ àUmbr h¡, {Oggo gåà˶¶m| Ho$ gh-
gå~ÝY H$m ~moY hmoVm h¡& gZ² 1960 Ho$ XeH$ ‘| Omogo’$ S>r. ZmodH$ Zo H$mZ}b
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
n¥îR> 119
{díd{dÚmb¶ ‘| g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ VH$ZrH$s H$m Aܶ¶Z àmaå^ {H$¶m Wm&
CZH$m H$m¶© S>o{dS> Amgw~ob Ho$ A{YJ‘ {gÕmÝVm| na AmYm[aV h¢, {Og‘|
ZdrZ gåà˶¶ grIZo Ho$ {bE nyd©kmZ Ho$ ‘hÎd na ~b {X¶m J¶m h¡& ZmodH$
Ho$ AZwgma AW©nyU© A{YJ‘ ‘| ZdrZ gåà˶¶m| H$m AmË‘rH$aU VWm g§¶moOZ
CnpñWV g§kmZmË‘H$ aMZmAm§o ‘| gpå‘{bV h¡& ZmodH$ (1977, 1984) Zo
g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ {dH${gV H$aZo H$s {d{Y H$mo ñnîQ> {H$¶m h¡, {Og‘| N>mÌ
àm¶mo{JH$ H$m¶© H$aVo hþE {d{^ÝZ gåà˶¶m| ‘| gh-gå~ÝY ñWm{nV H$a gHo$&
g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ EH$ àH$ma H$m Xmo Am¶m‘r AmboIr aoIm{MÌ h¡, Omo {d{^ÝZ
gåà˶¶m| ‘| gh-gå~ÝY Omo‹S>Vm h¡&
g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ boIm{MÌ Ûmam kmZ H$mo àñVwV H$aZo H$s VH$ZrH$
h¡& kmZ aoIm{MÌ gåà˶¶m| H$s ûm¥§IbmAm| ‘| J«pÝW¶m± VWm H${‹S>¶m± EH$b
AWdm Xmo {XemË‘H$ hmo gH$Vr h¡& gåà˶¶m| Ed§ H${‹S>¶m| H$mo loÊrm~Õ {H$¶m
Om gH$Vm h¡, O¡g-ghMa, {d{eîQ> AWdm A{Z¶{‘V AWdm AñWm¶r Am{X&
g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ nyU© {dH${gV hmoZo na EH$ boIm{MÌ X¥í¶ h¡, Omo {H$gr
àH$aU AWdm {df¶ na g¥OZ H$aZo dmbo H$m {MÝVZ àñVwV H$aVm h¡&
{H$gr ì¶p³V Ûmam kmZ {H$g àH$ma g§J{R>V {H$¶m OmVm h¢, Eogr
pñW{V H$mo g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ Ûmam àñVwV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& ‘m{Q>©Z (1994)
Ho$ AZwgma, g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ g§kmZmË‘H$ g§aMZm Ho$ {Û-Am¶m‘r {MÌU
h¢, Omo {H$gr {df¶ AWdm àH$aU Ho$ gåà˶¶m| H$s loUr~ÕVm VWm AÝV…
gå~ÝY {XImVo h¢& ¶h àX{e©V H$aVo h¢ {H$ ì¶p³V {H$g àH$ma kmZ H$mo
g§J{R>V H$aVm h¡&
g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ H$mo n[a^m{fV H$aVo hþE gåà˶¶ A‘yV© YmaUmE±
h¢& Xÿgar Amoa g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ ¶h Kmo{fV H$aZo dmbo AmboIr {ZX}eZ h¢
{H$ H$moB© EH$b gåà˶¶ Cgr loUr Ho$ Aݶ gåà˶¶m| H$o gmW {H$g àH$ma
gå~pÝYV h¢ ?
g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ, {OÝh| AmWu g¶wO Am¡a ‘mZg ‘mZ{MÌ Ho$ ê$n ‘|
ämr ‘mZm OmVm h¢, {ejmWu Ho$ gåà˶¶m| Ho$ ~rM g§¶moOZm| Am¡a gå~ÝYm| Ho$
~moY H$mo AmaoIr¶ ê$n ‘| {Zê${nV H$aZo H$m EH$ VarH$m h¡&
g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ {H$gr {df¶ AWdm kmZ Ho$ joÌ Ho$ boIm{MÌr¶
‘mZ{MÌ h¢, {OZgo {d{^ÝZ gåà˶¶m| H$m gh-gå~ÝY Xem©¶m OmVm h¡&
g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ ‘w»¶ {dMmam| H$m X¥í¶ CXmhaU h¢& EH$ g§H$ënZm
‘mZ{MÌ {d{dY AYrZñW gån«Ë¶¶mo H$m AZwH«${‘H$ gå~ÝYr AYrZñW
(à‘wI,) gåà˶¶m| go {XImVo h¢& g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ d¡¶p³VH$ N>mÌ Ûmam
a{MV kmZ H$s {dbjU g§aMZmE± h¢&
g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ {dMmam|/gåà˶¶m| H$m gh-gå~ÝY {XImVo h¢,
{Oggo g‘ñV gåà˶¶m| H$mo EH$ gmW g‘J«Vm ‘| XoIZo ‘| gabVm ahVr h¡&
g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ {d{^ÝZ {dMmam| ‘| Ñí¶ {MÌ ñWm{nV H$aHo$ CZHo$
g§¶moOZ H$mo g‘PZo ‘| ghm¶Vm H$s VH$ZrH$ h¡& g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ AmnH$mo -
1. {dMmam| ‘| g§¶moOZ XoIZo Ho$ {bE
2. {dMmam| H$mo kmZ go Omo‹S>Zo Ho$ {bE
3. {dMmam| H$mo Vm{H©$H$ T>§J go g§J{R>V H$aZo Ho$ {bE EH$ {d{Y h¡&
‘mZ{MÌ EH$ JwÀN>o H$s Vah {XImB© XoVo h¢ Am¡a {dMmam| Ho$ gh-gå~ÝY
H$mo {XImVo h¢& ZmodH$ (1993) Ho$ AZwgma-
 n¥îR> 120 ~mbH$m| ‘| {MÝVZ Ed§ A{YJ‘
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
EH$ g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ dh {Û-Am¶m‘r gyMZm à{V{Z{Y h¡, Omo Xmo AWdm Xmo go
A{YH$ gåà˶¶m| ‘| gh-gå~ÝY {XImVo h¢&
O~ N>mÌ EH$ AYrZñW (à‘wI) gåà˶¶ Ho$ Amgnmg kmZ go
g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ ~ZmVo h¢, Vmo do ZdrZ AÝVÑ©pîQ> àmá H$aVo h¢& ¶h {dMma
ZmodH$ Ed§ Jmo{dZ (1984) Ûmam g‘W©Z àmá h¡& CZH$m ‘V h¡ {H$ N>mÌ Ed§
{ejH$ EH$ ZdrZ gh-gå~ÝY H$mo nhMmZVo h¢, Omo CÝhm§Zo o nhbo Zht XoIm Wm&
g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ à˶oH$ Am¶w Ho$ N>mÌ H$mo {gIm¶m Om gH$Vm h¡
Am¡a BgHo$ Ûmam N>mÌm| H$r ¶mo½¶VmAm| O¡go {dMmam| H$m {Z¶‘Z Ed§ àñVwVrH$aU
‘§o d¥{Õ hmoVr (pñQ>H$, 1987) h¡& g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ {dkmZ, ^mfm {ejU ‘|
à¶moJ ‘| {b¶o J¶o h¢&
g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ ~ZmZm EH$ à{d{Y h¡, {Og‘| AmnHo$ A{YJ‘ Am¡a
~moY Ho$ {bE kmZ H$s d¥{Õ H$m g§JR>Z {H$¶m OmVm h¡& g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ {H$gr
{df¶ ‘| EH$ {MÌ aoIm h¡, {Og‘| {dMmam| H$m g§JR>Z H$aZm Am¡a gh-gå~ÝY
{XImZm h¡&
7.6.2 g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ ³¶m| {dH${gV {H$¶o OmE?
g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ EH$ àH$ma H$m kmZ {MÌU H$aZm h¡& Om°ZgZ VWm J«o~moñH$s
(1993) H$m H$hZm h¡ {H$ g§aMZmË‘H$ kmZ H$mo EH$ {^ÝZ àH$ma Ho$ kmZ Ho$
ê$n ‘| XoIm Om gH$Vm h¡&
g§aMZmË‘H$ kmZ H$mo A{YH$Va EH$ àH$ma Ho$ gåà˶¶ ‘mZ{MÌ ‘|
{M{ÌV {H$¶m OmVm h¡, Omo Ñí¶ ê$n go (ñnîQ>V¶m) Cg kmZ nj Ho$ {dMmam|
Ho$ gh-gå~ÝY H$m dU©Z H$aVo h¢& Bg àH$ma kmZ H$mo ñnîQ> ê$n go gåà˶¶
‘mZ{MÌ Cg kmZ nj H$m D$nar Ñí¶ {XImVm h¡, ³¶m|{H$ J«pÝW ‘mÌ g§Ho$V
eãX {XImVo h¢ Am¡a A{YH$ ì¶m»¶m Amdí¶H$ hmoVr h¡&
g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ AZoH$ CÔoí¶mo§ Ho$ {bE à¶moJ ‘| bm¶o OmVo h¢-
1. ZdrZ {dMma {dH${gV H$aZo Ho$ {bE&
2. O{Q>b g§aMZmAm| H$r ê$naoIm ~ZmZo Ho$ {bE&
3. O{Q>b {dMmam| Ho$ gåàofU Ho$ {bE&
4. ZdrZ Ed§ nyd© kmZ H$mo EH$sH¥$V H$aHo$ ñnîQ>Vm go grIZo Ho$ {bE&
5. ~moY ‘| ghm¶Vm Ho$ {bE&
6. {dMma ^«mpÝV Ho$ {ZXmZ Ho$ {bE&
7.6.3 g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ {dH${gV H$aZo Ho$ gmonmZ
ao eoZoS>a Ho$ AZwgma h‘ g~ {H$gr Z {H$gr {dMma H$m ‘mZ{MÌ AnZo ‘pñVîH$
‘| CËnÝZ H$aVo h¢& O~ h‘mao ‘Z ‘| g§doXZm hmo, Vmo h‘ {dídmg‘V ~ZmZm
àmaå^ H$a XoVo h¢& ¶h {dH${gV {H$¶m hþAm ‘V h‘mam AnZm hmoVm h¡ VWm
^mfm Ûmam Cgo Xÿgam| Ho$ gmW ~m±Q>Vo h¢& Bg à{H«$¶m H$mo g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ H$hm
J¶m h¡& ¶h ‘mÌ {dH${gV ‘V H$mo {Zê${nV H$aVm h¡, {Oggo h‘ Bgo A{YH$
AÀN>m g‘P gHo$ Am¡a à¶moJ ‘| bm gHo$&
EH$ g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ gånyU© {df¶ Ho$ {bE, EH$ BH$mB© Ho$ {bE
AWdm EH$ àH$aU Ho$ {bE {dH${gV {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡& g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ
{dH${gV H$aZo Ho$ {bE H$mobhZ Am¡a ³bmH©$ (1990) Zo AZoH$ gmonmZ ñnîQ>
{H$¶o h¢-
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
àJʶ
1. {Og {df¶ AWdm àH$aU na g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ {dH${gV H$aZm
h¡, CgH$m ì¶mnH$ Aܶ¶Z H$s{OE& Cg‘| go 10-15 gåà˶¶m|
H$m M¶Z H$s{OE VWm CZ‘| go Ho$ÝÐr¶ {dMma (gåà˶¶) H$mo
nhMm{Z¶o& ¶h Ho$ÝÐr¶ {dMma Aݶ gåà˶¶m| go AW©nyU© T>§J go
gå~pÝYV h¡ AWm©V² gd©àW‘ g‘ñV gåà˶¶m| Ho$ Zm‘ {b{I¶o&
CXmhaU- àH$me g§íbofU, amgm¶{ZH$ D$Om©, gm¡a D$Om©, hao
nm¡Yo H$m h[aV bdH$, àH$m{eH$ nX, Ob, hmBS´>moOZ, H$m~©Z S>mB
Am°³gmBS>, AàH$m{eH$ nX&
2. BZ gåà˶¶m| Ho$ Abmdm ¶{X H$moB© {d{eîQ> V϶ (CXmhaU), Omo
N>mÌm| Ho$ grIZo Ho$ {bE A{Zdm¶© h¡ Cgo ^r {b{IE&
3. M¶{ZV gåà˶¶m| H$s Vm{bH$m ‘| go AYrZñW (à‘wI) gåà˶¶
H$mo nhMmZo Am¡a g~go D$na {bIo& CXmhaU- àH$me g§íbofU&
4. AYrZñW gåà˶¶ Ho$ ZrMo àW‘ ñVa Ho$ AYrZñW gåà˶¶m|
H$mo ì¶dpñWV H$ao& Bg ñVa na g§¶moOZ AWdm Omo‹S>Zo dmbo eãX,
O¡go- XoVm h¡, àH$ma, BZ‘| go h¡, H$a gH$Vm h¡ Am{X H$m à¶moJ
H$ao, {OZgo à‘wI gåà˶¶ Ed§ AYrññW gåà˶¶m| ‘| Cn¶w³V
gå~ÝY ñWm{nV hmo gHo$&
5. EH$ ~ma g‘mZ gåà˶¶m| H$s nhMmZ hmoZo Ho$ ~mX AYrZñW
gåà˶¶m| H$mo ì¶dpñWV H$aZm àmaå^ H$a Xr{OE, Omo Bggo D$na
Ho$ ñVa Ho$ gåà˶¶m| go grYo Ow‹S>o hþE h¢& Bg àH$ma EH$ nXmZwH«$‘
~ZmBE&
6. gåà˶¶m| Ho$ Mmam| Amoa n[a{Y It{M¶o VWm g‘mZ, AYrZñW
gåà˶¶m| ‘| gh-gå~ÝY {XImZo Ho$ {bE AZwàñW aoImE± Ir§M|&
BZH$mo Omo‹S>Zo dmbo eãXm| H$mo aoImAm| Ho$ D$na {bI {Oggo BZH$m
gå~ÝY ñWm{nV hmo gHo$& ¶h gå~ÝY EH$ {gÕmÝV ~ZmVo h¢&
7. g‘ñV ‘mZ{MÌ Ho$ Mmam| Amoa H$‘ go H$‘ Koao ~Zm¶o VWm ‘w»¶
Aܶ¶Z {~ÝXþAm§o H$m gÝVwbZ ~Zm¶o aIo&
7.6.4 g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ ‘| C^aZo dmbo Hw$N> g§kmZmË‘H$
ñdê$n
1. emImE±
EH$ {dMma nmg Am¡a Xÿa Ho$ gå~pÝYV {dMmam| H$mo {‘bmZo Ho$ {bE AZoH$
emImAm§o ‘| {d^m{OV hmo gH$Vm h¡&
2. Vra Ho$ {ZemZ
{d{^ÝZ emImAm| go {dMma Omo‹S>Zo Ho$ {bE Amn Vra Ho$ {ZemZ H$m à¶moJ H$a|Jo&
3. g‘yhrH$aU
¶{X H$B© emImE± gå~pÝYV {dMma h¢, Vmo Amn g‘ñV joÌ na Mmam| Amoa Jmobm
~ZmZm Mmh|Jo&
7.6.5 A{YJ‘ {ejU ‘| g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ H$m ‘hÎd Ed§
bm^
1. g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ Ûmam AW©nyU© A{YJ‘ gå^d h¡&
2. {dkmZ ‘| g§H$ënZm ‘mZ[MÌ {Z¶moOZ Am¡a {ejU Ho$ gmYZ h¢&
 àJʶ ~mbH$m| ‘o§ {MÝVZ Ed§ A{YJ‘
3. g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ à˶mñ‘aU ‘| ghm¶H$ h¡&
4. g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ Ûmam N>mÌ ‘yë¶m§H$Z gå^d h¡&
5. g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ Ûmam {dMma ^«mpÝV¶m| H$m {ZXmZ hmoVm h¡&
6. {dkmZ AZwXoeZ gwYma ‘| g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ Cn¶moJr h¡, A{YJ‘
{ejU ‘| BZHo$ Ûmam CÎm‘Vm AmVr h¡&
7. g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ Ûmam {d{eîQ> gåà˶¶m| ‘| nmañn[aH$ gå~ÝYm|
Ho$ VH©$ AWdm H$maU OmZZo H$m Adga {‘bVm h¡&
8. g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ H$jm ‘| AZwXoeZ H$mo {Xem XoVo h¢ Am¡a Cg g‘¶
¶h ‘mJ© ‘mZ{MÌ H$m H$m¶© H$aVo h¢&
9. g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ N>mÌm| Ho$ ܶmZ H$mo Ho$pÝÐV H$aZo VWm {df¶ H$m
ì¶mnH$ ê$n XoIZo Ho$ {bE A{J«‘ ì¶dñWmnH$ Ho$ ê$n ‘| ‘mJ©Xe©Z
H$aVo h¢&
10. O~ {df¶ Ho$ M¶{ZV AÝVa gå~pÝYV gåà˶¶m| na AmYm[aV
www.praganya.org
nmR> ¶moOZm hmoVr h¢, Vmo g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ Eogo nmR> {dH$mg ‘|
ghm¶H$ hmoVo h¢&
11. g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ go grIZo na H$‘ go H$‘ {dMma ^«m{ÝV¶m± hmoVr
h¢& ¶h g˶ h¡ {H$ N>mÌm| ‘| {dMma ^«mpÝV Am‘ nmB© OmVr h¡ Am¡a
EH$ ~ma ~ZZo Ho$ níMmV² bå~o g‘¶ VH$ ~Zr ahVr h¡& O~ N>mÌ
kmZ g§aMZm H$aVo h¢, Cg g‘¶ {dMma ^«mpÝV¶m± ~ZVr h¢, {OZH$m
‘w»¶ H$maU AnyU© kmZ VÏmm Ìw{Q>nyU© ì¶m»¶m AWdm JbV AZw^d
www.praganya.org
H$aZm h¡&
12. g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ Ûmam kmZ H$m bå~o g‘¶ VH$ R>hamd VWm
‘yë¶m§H$Z gå^d h¡& g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ {dH${gV H$aZm N>mÌ H$s
kmZ pñW{V H$mo Xem©Vm h¡ VWm aoImAm| H$m ~ZmZm CgHo$ R>hamd
Am¡a n[adV©Z H$mo ~VbmVm h¡& ¶h ~moY H$m n[aMm¶H$ h¡&
13. O~ N>mÌ AYrZñW gåà˶¶ Ho$ Amgnmg Ho$ kmZ go EH$ g§H$ënZm
‘mZ{MÌ H$s g§aMZm H$aVo h¢, Vmo do EH$ ZdrZ AÝVÑpîQ> àmá H$aVo
h¢& Bg AdYmaUm H$mo ZmodH$ Ed§ Jmo{dZ (1984) Ûmam g‘W©Z {X¶m
J¶m h¡- N>mÌ Ed§ {ejH$ ¶h ñdrH$maVo h¢ {H$ g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ
www.praganya.org
à{H«$¶m ‘| do gåà˶¶mo§ ‘| CZ gå~ÝYm| H$mo XoIVo h¢, Omo nhbo H$^r
Zht XoIo&
14. g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ ~ZmZo go A{YJ‘ gab ~ZVm h¡ Ed§ ~moY
{dH${gV H$aVm h¡& g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ ‘| nmR²>¶-gm‘J«r ‘pñVîH$
nQ>b na A§{H$V hmo OmVr h¡, Omo à^mdr ~moY H$m n[aMm¶H$ h¡&
7.6.6 g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ Ho$ CXmhaU
¶h ‘mZm J¶m h¡ {H$ ‘Zwî¶ Ho$ ‘pñVîH$ ‘§o VrZ {^ÝZ, {H$ÝVw gå~pÝYV gyMZm
à{d{Y ñVa h¢g§doXr, AënH$mbrZ Ed§ XrK©H$mbrZ& g§doXr ñ‘¥{V XoIZo,
gwZZo Ed§ Aݶ kmZopÝжm| go àmá hmoVr h¢, Omo AënH$mbrZ ñ‘¥{V ^ÊS>ma ‘|
ñWmZmÝV[aV H$a Xr OmVr h¡& g§doXr ñ‘¥{V gyMZm bJ^J EH$ goH$ÊS> Ho$ {bE
¶mX ahVr h¡ VWm AënH$mbrZ ñ‘¥{V gyMZm bJ^J 30 goH$ÊS> VH$ VWm
XrK©H$mbrZ g‘¥{V Hw$N> {‘ZQ> Ho$ {bE AWdm OrdZ-n¶©ÝV à˶mñ‘aU Ho$
{bE h¡& ‘w»¶ MwZm¡Vr h¡, ZdrZ kmZ H$mo {H$g àH$ma XrK©H$mbrZ ñ‘¥{V ‘| {b¶m
Om¶o Omo Am¡a ZdrZ kmZ A{YJ‘ H$m gabrH$aU H$a gHo$& ¶h gå^d h¡ ¶{X
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
n¥îR> 121
ZdrZ kmZ H$mo M¡Vݶ go, nyd© kmZ go AWdm {dÚ‘mZ gåà˶¶m| H$mo g§¶moOZm|
go Omo‹S> gH|$& ¶hm± ¶h OmZZm Amdí¶H$ h¡ {H$ gåà˶¶ VWm g§¶moOZ ³¶m h¢
? gåà˶¶ KQ>ZmAm| AWdm dñVwAm| ‘| EH$ gwì¶dpñWV {H«$¶m h¡, Omo {H$gr
g§Ho$V AWdm àVrH$ go Cëbo{IV hmoVm h¡& g§¶moOZ AWdm ¶moOH$ eãX Xmo
AWdm A{YH$ gåà˶¶m| ‘| EH$ {d{eîQ> gh-gå~ÝY h¡, O¡go- Kmg har h¡
Am{X& ¶{X gåà˶¶m| ‘| AW©nyU© g§¶moOZ Ûmam gå~ÝY ñWm{nV hmo gHo$, Vmo
gåà˶¶ AW© ‘| d¥{Õ H$aVo h¢, O¡go- S>r.EZ.E. ‘| AmZwd§{eH$ gyMZm h¡&
N>mÌm| H$m| gåà˶¶ A{YJ‘ Ho$ {bE g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ {d{Y Ûmam
gå^mdZmE± ~‹T>r h¢& g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ {gImZo hoVw-
1. gab gåà˶¶ H$m M¶Z H$ao, O¡go-n¶m©daU&
2. à‘wI gåà˶¶ Ho$ Amgnmg gm‘mݶ gåà˶¶ {bIo, O¡go-
gm‘m{OH$ n¶m©daU AWdm ~mYm dmbm n¶m©daU&
3. BZH$mo aoImAm| go Omo‹S>o Am¡a ¶moOH$ eãXm| go Zm‘m§{H$V H$ao, O¡go-
¶h BgH$m EH$ ^mJ h¡ AWdm Aݶmoݶm{lV h¡&
4. Bg àH$ma N>mÌ {d{^ÝZ gåà˶¶m| H$m AW©nyU© gå~ÝY XoI gH|$Jo&
5. g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ ¶h àX{e©V H$aZo ‘| g‘W© h¡ {H$ {H$g àH$ma
A{YH$Va g{ÝZdoeZ, d[aîR> A{YJ‘ àJ{Verb {d^oXrH$aU VWm
g‘mH$bZmË‘H$ g‘mYmZ H$m¶© H$aVo h¢&
7.7 g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ
~mbH$ ‘| BÀN>mAm| H$m OÝ‘ hmoVm h¡& ¶o BÀN>mE± {Zîà¶moOZ Zht hmoVr h¢& à˶oH$
BÀN>m H$m H$moB© Z H$moB© bú¶ Adí¶ hmoVm h¡& h‘ AnZr BÀN>m H$s ny{V© Ho$ {bE
Cg bú¶ ¶m CÔoí¶ VH$ nhþ±MZm MmhVo h¢, {H$ÝVw AZoH$ ~mYmAm| Ho$ H$maU
g‘ñ¶m H$m OÝ‘ hmoVm h¡& g‘ñ¶m n[a^m{fV H$aVo hþE ‘mWwa Zo {bIm h¡ {H$
g‘ñ¶m Cg n[apñW{V H$mo H$hVo h¢, {OgHo$ {bE ‘Zwî¶ Ho$ nmg nhbo go V¡¶ma
H$moB© à{H«$¶m Zht hmoVr& O~ h‘ H${R>ZmB¶m| na {dO¶ àmá H$aHo$ bú¶ VH$
nhþ±M OmVo h¢, Vmo Bgr H$mo g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ H$hVo h¢&
AmBOoZH$ Ho$ ‘VmZwgma g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmmZ dh à{H«$¶m h¡, {Og‘|
àmW{‘H$ n[apñW{V¶m| (g§kmZmË‘H$) go àmaå^ H$a dm§pN>V bú¶ VH$ nhþ±MZm
Ano{jV h¡& CÔrnZ pñW{V ‘| O~ àmUr AZw{H«$¶mE± H$aZo na ^r bú¶ VH$
Zht nhþ±M nmVm, Eogr pñW{V ‘§o ¶h H$hm Om gH$Vm h¡ {H$ àmUr gm‘mݶ
pñW{V ‘| Zht h¡&
lr ‘mWwa Zo {bIm h¡ {H$ H${R>ZmB¶m| na {dO¶ àmá H$aZo H$m T>§J
¶m g‘ñ¶mAm| H$m, Omo Amdí¶H$VmAm| H$s ny{V© ‘| ~mYm nhþ±MmVr h¡, hb hr
g‘ñ¶m H$m g‘mYmZ H$hbmVm h¡& g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ Ho$ ~mao ‘| pñH$Za Zo
{bIm h¡ {H$ g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ {H$gr bú¶ H$s àm{á ‘| ~mYm nhþ±MmVr h¡, hb
hr g‘ñ¶m H$m g‘mYmZ H$hbmVm h¡& g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ Ho$ ~mao ‘| pñH$Za Zo
{bIm h¡ {H$ g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ {H$gr bú¶ H$s àm{á ‘| ~mYm S>mbVr àVrV
hmoVr H${R>ZmB¶m| na {dO¶ nmZo H$s à{H«$¶m h¡& ¶h ~mYmAm| Ho$ ~mdOyX g‘§OZ
H$aZo H$s à{H«$¶m h¡&
ñQ>mZbo J«o Ho$ AZwgma g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ dh à{Vê$n h¡, {OgHo$ ^rVa
g¥OZmË‘H$ {MÝVZ Am¡a VH©$ hmoVm h¡& A‘yV© BÀN>mAm| go CËnÝZ VZmd ì¶p³V
H$mo A{YH$V‘ à¶ËZ H$aZo H$mo ào[aV H$aVm h¡& ãboAa, OmoÝg VWm {gångZ
 n¥îR> 122 ~mbH$m| ‘| {MÝVZ Ed§ A{YJ‘
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
Ho$ AZwgma g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ H$m A{^àm¶ h¡ {H$ h‘ do {d{Y¶m± grIo, {OZHo$
Ûmam h‘ {d{dY àH$ma H$s g‘ñ¶mAm| H$mo hb H$a gHo$&
AV… gma ê$n ‘| h‘ H$h gH$Vo h¢ {H$ g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ H$m ‘Vb~
Eogr {d{Y¶m| H$m kmZ àmá H$aZm h¡, {OZHo$ à¶moJ go h‘ AmJm‘r OrdZ ‘|
AmZo dmbr g‘ñ¶mAm| H$mo hb H$a gHo$&
g‘ñ¶mË‘H$ pñW{V ‘| Omo AZw{H«$¶mE± hmoVr h¡, Cg‘| Hw$N> {deofVmE±
nm¶r OmVr h¢& AV… {deofVmAm| H$m dU©Z Om°ÝgZ Zo Bg àH$ma {H$¶m h¡-
1. àmUr H$m ì¶dhma bú¶ H$s Amoa hmoVm h¡ VWm Cg ì¶dhma ‘|
{ZaÝVaVm XoIZo H$mo {‘bVr h¡&
2. bú¶ àm{á Ho$ ~mX ì¶dhma ‘| {ZaÝVaVm g‘má hmo OmVr h¡&
3. g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ ‘| àmUr {d{^ÝZ àH$ma H$s AZw{H«$¶mE± H$aVm h¡&
4. g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ ‘| d¡¶p³VH$ {^ÝZVmE± nmB© OmVr h¢&
5. g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ Ho$ g‘¶ àmUr àW‘ ~ma A{YH$ g‘¶ boVm h¡
VWm nwZamd¥{Îm Ho$ g‘¶ H$‘ g‘¶ boVm h¡ VWm ¶h g‘¶ KQ>Vm
Mbm OmVm h¡&
6. {MÝVZ H$m EH$ {d{eîQ> ê$n g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ ì¶dhma h¡&
A{YJ‘ Am¡a g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ ì¶dhma ‘| ^oX H$aVo hþE S>§H$Z Zo
~Vm¶m {H$ A{YJ‘ Aä¶mg Ed§ à~bZ Ho$ H$maU AZw{H«$¶m H$s XjVm ‘§o
d¥{Õ h¡, O~{H$ g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ {H$gr O{Q>b pñW{V ‘| ghr AZw[H«$¶m H$m
Am{dîH$ma h¡& Bg àH$ma g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ g¥OZmË‘H$ A{YJ‘ ì¶dhma h¡,
³¶m|{H$ g¥OZmË‘H$Vm à˶oH$ A{YJ‘ ì¶dhma ‘| Zht {‘bVr h¡&
7.7.1 g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ Ho$ ñVa
g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ Ho$ Xmo ñVa H$ho Om gH$Vo h¢, Omo {ZåZ{b{IV h¢-
1. gab ñVa
gab ñVa H$s g‘ñ¶mAm| H$m g‘mYmZ, Cg g‘¶, {~Zm {H$gr àH$ma H$s
H${R>ZmB© Ho$ hmo OmVm h¡, O¡go J‘u bJZo na {~Obr H$m n§Im Imob XoZm Am¡a
CgH$s hdm ‘| ~¡R>Zm&
2. O{Q>b ñVa
O{Q>b ñVa H$s g‘ñ¶mAm| H$m hb VmËH$m{bH$ ê$n go Zht hmoVm& BgHo$ hb
Ho$ {bE H$B© ~mYmAm| H$mo nma H$aZm n‹S>Vm h¡& O¡go- ‘éñWb ‘| qgMmB© H$s
g‘ñ¶m Eogr hr h¡& ‘éñWb ‘| Ob H$hm± go bm¶m Om¶o? ZXr {H$VZr Xÿa h¡?
³¶m dhm± go Zha bmB© Om gH$Vr h¡? Cg na {H$VZm 춶 hmoJm? B˶m{X
H$B© ~mYmAm| H$mo nma H$aHo$ hr Bg O{Q>b ñVa H$s g‘ñ¶m H$m hb {H$¶m Om
gH$Vm h¡&
7.7.2 g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ H$s {d{Y¶m±
g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ H$s AZoH$ {d{Y¶m± h¡, {OZH$m dJuH$aU H$aVo g‘¶ pñH$Za
Zo ~Vm¶m h¡ {H$ Hw$N> {d{Y¶m| H$m à¶moJ newAm| Ho$ Ûmam ‘w»¶V… hmoVm h¡ Am¡a
Hw$N> CÀM ‘mZ{gH$ ¶mo½¶Vm dmbr {d{Y¶m± h¢, {OZH$m à¶moJ {MÝVZ Ed§ VH©$-
ep³V go gwgpÁOV ‘mZd Ho$ Ûmam hmoVm h¡& ¶hm± XmoZm| hr {d{Y¶m| H$m {ddaU
àñVwV h¡-
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
àJʶ
1. {~Zm grIo Ed§ AmXV Ho$ AZwgma g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ
Bg {d{Y H$m à¶moJ {ZåZ H$mo{Q> Ho$ new Ed§ H$sQ>-nV§Jm| Ho$ Ûmam {H$¶m OmVm
h¡& ¶o AnZr Amdí¶H$VmAm| H$s ny{V© dmVmdaU go Z H$aHo$ ñd¶§ H$s OÝ‘OmV
àd¥{Îm¶m| Ho$ AmYma na H$aVo h¢& Xÿgao eãXm| ‘| H$hm Om gH$Vm h¡ {H$ ¶o AnZr
BÀN>mAm| H$mo ¶mpÝÌH$ VarHo$ go nyam H$aVo h¢& new {H$gr ^r n[apñW{V ‘|
AnZr BÀN>m ny{V© Ho$ {bE {~Zm grIo {ZpíMV T>§J go AZw{H«$¶m H$aVo h¢, O¡go-
‘Yw‘³Ir H$mo ^moOZ H$s Amdí¶H$Vm ’y$bm| H$s gwJÝY Ho$ à{V CZH$s ^mdmË‘H$
à{V{H«$¶m Ûmam nyar hmoVr h¡& Bgr àH$ma IVao go ~MZo H$s Amdí¶H$Vm eÌw H$mo
S>§H$ ‘maH$a nyar hmoVr h¡, {Oggo A³ga ñd¶§ ‘Yw‘³Ir H$s ^r ‘¥Ë¶w hmo OmVr
h¡, {H$ÝVw H${R>ZmB¶m| Ho$ à{V Bg àH$ma H$s ghO {H«$¶mE± V~ VH$ g’$b Zht
hmoVr h¢, O~ VH$ H${R>ZmB¶m± gmYmaU hmoVr h¢& H${R>ZmB¶m| Ho$ O{Q>b hmoZo na
¶o ghO à{V{H«$¶mE± {d’$b hmo OmVr h¢& {~Zm grIo ì¶dhma go g‘ñ¶m H$m hb
{ZH$mbZm Om{V H$mo Or{dV aIZo H$s ÑpîQ> go Cn¶moJr h¡, {H$ÝVw ¶h Amdí¶H$
Zht h¡ {H$ ì¶p³VJV ê$n go ^r ¶h {d{Y Cn¶moJr hmo&
2. à¶mg Ed§ Ìw{Q> {d{Y go g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ
g‘ñ¶m-g‘mYmZ ‘| à¶mg Ed§ Ìw{Q> {d{Y H$m Aܶ¶Z H$aZo Ho$ {bE Wm°Z©S>mBH$
H$m {~ëbr na {H$¶m J¶m à¶moJ ‘hÎdnyU© h¡& CgZo EH$ ^yIr {~ëbr H$mo EH$
{nÝOao ‘| ~ÝX H$a {X¶m Am¡a CgHo$ nmg ^moOZ go ^ar ßboQ> aI Xr& {~ëbr
{nÝOao Ho$ XadmOo go hmoH$a hr ~mha Am gH$Vr Wr, Omo {H$ EH$ añgr Ho$
ItMZo na hr Iwb gH$Vm Wm& Bg à¶moJ ‘| ^yI à¶moOZ Wm, {nÝOao Ho$
~mha aIr ßboQ> CgH$m bú¶ Wm Am¡a g‘ñ¶m H$m hb añgr ItMH$a XadmOm
ImobZm Wm& {~ëbr Zo ^moOZ àmá H$aZo Ho$ CÔoí¶ go {nÝOao Ho$ ~mha {ZH$bZo
Ho$ g^r à¶mg {H$¶o& AH$ñ‘mV² CgHo$ nÝOo go añgr [I§M JB© Am¡a XadmOm
Iwb J¶m& g‘ñ¶m Ho$ hb hmoZo na CgZo ^moOZ àmá H$aHo$ AnZr BÀN>m nyar
H$s& Xÿgar ~ma {~ëbr H$mo nwZ… {nÝOao ‘| ¶h OmZZo Ho$ CÔoí¶ go ~ÝX {H$¶m
{H$ CgZo XadmOm ImobZm grI {b¶m ¶m Zht& Xÿgar ~ma CgZo nhbr dmbr
{H«$¶mAm| H$s nwZamd¥{Îm H$s, bo{H$Z EH$ à¶mg H$aZo na XadmOm Imob {b¶m&
AÝV ‘| {~ëbr Zo {nÝOao ‘| OmVo hr añgr ItMH$a XadmOm Imob {b¶m Am¡a
~mha Am JB©& Bg à¶moJ go ñnîQ> hþAm {H$ OmZda à¶mg Ed§ Ìw{Q> {d{Y go
g‘ñ¶m H$m g‘mYmZ Ty>±‹T>Vo h¢&
3. AÝVÑpîQ> Ûmam g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ
àm{U¶m| Ho$ Ûmam g‘ñ¶m-g‘mYZ Ho$ {bE AÝVÑpîQ> {d{Y H$m ^r à¶moJ {H$¶m
OmVm h¡& Bg V϶ H$mo {gÕ H$aZo Ho$ {bE H$mohba Zo A’«$sH$m Ho$ npíM‘r VQ>
Ho$ {ZH$Q> EH$ Ûrn na {Mån¡pÝO¶m| na à¶moJ {H$¶m& Bg à¶moJ ‘| EH$ {nÝOao
H$s N>V go Ho$bo bQ>H$m¶o, Omo {Mån¡ÝOr H$s nhþ±M go nao Wo VWm Cg {nÝOao ‘|
Xmo ~³go ^r aIo J¶o& Ho$bo àmá H$aZo Ho$ {bE {Mån¡ÝOr Zo CZ ~³gm| H$mo EH$
Ho$ D$na EH$ aIH$a Am¡a CZ na M‹T>H$a Ho$bo àmá H$a {b¶o& Xÿgao à¶moJ ‘|
{nÝOao Ho$ ~mha Ho$bo aIo J¶o Am¡a {nÝOao ‘| {Mån¡ÝOr VWm Xmo N>‹S>m| H$mo aIm
J¶m& {Mån¡ÝOr Ho$bm| VH$ nhþ±MZo H$m à¶mg H$aVm ahm, {H$ÝVw Ho$bo àmá Zhr§
H$a gH$m& ~mX ‘| N>‹S>m| go IobVm ahm& AH$ñ‘mV² CgZo XmoZm§o N>‹S>m| H$mo Omo‹S>
{b¶m& BgHo$ ~mX CgZo Cg N>‹S> go Ho$bo ItMH$a àmá {H$¶o& H$mohba Zo H$hm
{H$ new gyP ¶m AÝVÑpîQ> Ho$ H$maU Ho$bo àmá H$a gH$m& BZ à¶moJm| go ñnîQ>
 àJʶ ~mbH$m| ‘o§ {MÝVZ Ed§ A{YJ‘
hmoVm h¡ {H$ new à¶mg Ed§ Ìw{Q> AWdm gyP go g‘ñ¶m H$m g‘mYmZ H$aVm h¡&
BZ {d{Y¶m| H$m Cn¶moJ àmUr H$s ~w{Õ VWm bú¶ Am¡a gmYZhrZ gå~ÝYm| na
{Z^©a H$aVm h¡&
4. dm³¶mË‘H$ ^mfm {d{Y
Bg {d{Y H$m à¶moJ ‘mZd Ho$ Ûmam {H$¶m OmVm h¡, ³¶m|{H$ ‘mZd ‘| hr ^mfm H$m
Cn¶moJ H$aZo H$s j‘Vm {dÚ‘mZ hmoVr h¡& ‘mZd ‘| hr ¶h ep³V hmoVr h¡ {H$
dh AnZo AVrV Ho$ AZw^dm| H$m nwZJ©R>Z H$a gH$Vm h¡& BZ AVrV Ho$ AZw^dm|
Ho$ AmYma na CZ n[aUm‘m| H$m nyd© H$WZ H$a gH$Vm h¡, Omo A^r K{Q>V Zht
hþE h¢& dm³¶mË‘H$ ^mfm g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ H$s ÑpîQ> go gånyU© gä¶Vm H$m
AmYma h¡& ^mfm ‘mZd Ho$ nmg Eogm ep³Vembr gmYZ h¡, {OgHo$ ‘mܶ‘ go
dh AnZo AZw^dm| H$mo AJbr nr‹T>r VH$ hñVmÝV[aV H$a gH$Vm h¡& O~ ^mfm
H$mo ‘Z hr ‘Z ‘| ~mobH$a à¶moJ {H$¶m OmVm h¡, Vmo Bg AdñWm H$mo {MÝVZ
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H$hVo h¢& pñH$Za Zo {bIm h¡ {H$ {MÝVZ H$m AW© h¡ {H$ dm³¶mË‘H$ ^mfm H$m
Cn¶moJ, Mmho dh ñnîQ> ê$n go ~mobr OmVr hmo, Mmho AñnîQ> ê$n go, Mmho ~mobr
hþB©, Mmho {b{IV Am¡a Mmho g§Ho$VmË‘H$&
5. g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ H$s d¡km{ZH$ {d{Y
AmO ‘mZd Zo BVZr ~m¡{ÕH$ àJ{V H$a br h¡ {H$ dh g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ ‘|
d¡km{ZH$ {d{Y H$m à¶moJ H$aVm h¡& d¡km{ZH$ {d{Y H$m à¶moJ ‘mZd Ûmam
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d¡km{ZH$ g‘ñ¶mAm| Ho$ gmW-gmW ì¶p³VJV g‘ñ¶mAm| Ho$ g‘mYmZ Ho$ {b¶o
^r {H$¶m OmVm h¡& pñH$Za Zo ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ {d{Y Ho$ ~mao ‘| {bIm h¡ {H$ ¶h
EH$ Eogr à{H«$¶m h¡, {Ogo ~w{Õ‘mZ ì¶p³V H${R>Z Am¡a O{Q>b g‘ñ¶mAm| H$m
g‘mYmZ H$aVo hþE Cn¶moJ ‘| bmVo h¢&
S²>¶ydr Zo AnZr nwñVH$ How We Think ‘| gZ² 1911 ‘|
g‘ñ¶m-g‘mYmZ Ho$ {d{^ÝZ nXm| H$m dU©Z {H$¶m h¡& Bgr H$mo g‘ñ¶m
g‘mYmZ H$s d¡km{ZH$ {d{Y H$hVo h¢& S²>¶ydr Zo AJ«{b{IV gmonmZm| H$m
CëboI {H$¶m h¡-
1. g‘ñ¶m H$mo g‘PZm - àW‘ gmonmZ g‘ñ¶m H$mo g‘PZo go
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gå~pÝYV h¡& g‘ñ¶m H$mo g‘PZo Ho$ {bE Amdí¶H$ h¡ {H$ ~mbH$
AnZr BÀN>mAm| Ho$ à{V gMoV hmo& CgH$mo Bg ~mV H$m kmZ hmo
{H$ BÀN>m ny{V© ‘| ³¶m H${R>ZmB¶m± h¢ ¶m hmo gH$Vr h¡ Am¡a CZH$m
g‘mYmZ ³¶m hmoJm? AܶmnH$ H$mo Bg ñVa na g‘ñ¶m H$mo g‘PZo
‘| ~mbH$m| H$s ghm¶Vm H$aZr Mm{hE&
2. OmZH$mar ¶m XÎm gm‘J«r H$m g§J«h - g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ H$m {ÛVr¶
gmonmZ Cg g‘ñ¶m go gå~pÝYV gyMZmAm| ¶m XÎm gm‘J«r H$m
g§J«h H$aZo go gå~pÝYV h¡& AZm‹S>r ì¶p³V g‘ñ¶m Ho$ g‘mYmZ
‘| VwaÝV OwQ> OmVm h¡, {H$ÝVw ~w{Õ‘mZ ì¶p³V g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ ‘|
g§b½Z hmoZo go nyd© ¶h nVm bJmZo H$m à¶mg H$aoJm {H$ Bgr àH$ma
H$s g‘ñ¶mAm| ‘| Xÿgam| Zo ³¶m {H$¶m& hmo gH$Vm h¡ {H$ g‘ñ¶m go
gå~pÝYV àXÎm {H$gr Zo nhbo g§J«h {H$¶o hmo& ¶{X nhbo {H$gr
Zo Omo Ìw{Q> H$s h¡, do kmV hmo Om¶o, Vmo CZgo$ ~Mm Om gH$Vm h¡,
{H$ÝVw g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ Ho$ {bE àXÎmm| H$m g§J«h H$aZm gab H$m¶©
Zht h¡& AܶmnH$ H$mo XÎm g§J«h ‘| ~mbH$m| H$mo gyMZmAm| Ho$ òmoVm|
H$m AmboI aIZo Ho$ {bE àmoËgm{hV H$aZm Mm{h¶o, g§{já {ddaU
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
n¥îR> 123
{bIZo Ho$ {bE àmoËgm{hV H$aZm Mm{hE VWm nyao H$mJO H$s Anojm
H$mS²>©g na {ddaU {bIZo Ho$ {bE H$hZm Mm{hE&
3. gå^m{dV g‘mYmZm| ¶m àm³H$ënZmAm| H$m {Z‘m©U - g‘ñ¶m go
gå~pÝYV àXÎmm| H$m Aܶ¶Z H$aZo Ho$ ~mX CgHo$ g‘mYmZ Ho$ {bE
gå^m{dV Cnm¶ ‘pñVîH$ ‘| n¡Xm hmoVo h¢& BZH$mo hr àm³H$ënZmAm|
‘| {Zê${nV {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡& EH$ {d{eîQ> n[apñW{V Ho$
gå^m{dV n[aUm‘ Ho$ ~mao ‘| H$moB© {gÕmÝV ¶m AZw‘mZ bJmZm hr
àm³H$ënZm H$hbmVr h¡& àm³H$ënZmAm| H$s ewÕVm N>mÌm| Ho$ ~m¡{ÕH$
ñVa na {Z^©a H$aVr h¡& ¶h Amdí¶H$ Zht h¡ {H$ EH$ ~ma {ZYm©[aV
àm³H$ënZm ghr hmo& àm³H$ënZmAm| H$s ewÕVm N>mÌm| Ho$ ~m¡{ÕH$
ñVa na {Z^©a H$aVr h¡& ¶h Amdí¶H$ Zht h¡ {H$ EH$ ~ma {ZYm©[aV
àm³H$ënZm ghr hmo& àm³H$ënZmAm| ‘| Aܶ¶Z Ho$ ~mX n[adV©Z
^r {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡& AܶmnH$ Ûmam N>mÌm| H$mo ñd¶§ AZw‘mZ
bJmZo Ho$ {bE àmoËgm{hV H$aZm Mm{hE, ³¶m|{H$ g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ
H$m AmYma AZw^d hmoVo h¢&
4. àm³H$ënZmAm| H$m ‘yë¶m§H$Z- g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ H$s d¡km{ZH$ {d{Y
H$m Mm¡Wm gmonmZ àmH$³ënZm H$m ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$aZo go gå~pÝYV h¡&
Bg‘| ì¶p³V nyd© {ZYm©[aV n[aUm‘m| H$s Om±M H$aVm h¡& ¶{X dh
nyd© H$WZ ‘| Hw$N> Ìw{Q> H$s Amem H$aVm h¡, Vmo Eogr pñW{V ‘| dh
nwZ… V϶m| Ed§ gyMZmAm| H$m nwZJ©R>Z H$aHo$ ZdrZ àm³H$ënZmAm|
H$m {Z‘m©U H$a gH$Vm h¡& àm³H$ënZmAm| H$m ‘yë¶m§H$Z ~hþV Hw$N>
ì¶p³V H$s ~w{Õ Am¡a Hw$N> g§J«h H$s JB© gyMZmAm| na {Z^©a H$aVm
h¡&
5. {ZîH$fm] H$m {Zê$nU - g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ ‘| nm±Mdm± gmonmZ {ZîH$fm]
H$m {Zê$nU h¡& àm³H$ënZm H$m ‘yë¶m§H$Z Ed§ narjU H$aZo Ho$
~mX ì¶p³V g‘ñ¶m-g‘mYmZ H$s {d{Y¶m| go gå~pÝYV {ZîH$f©
{ZH$mbVm h¡& Bg {ZîH$f© Ho$ ê$n ‘| dh ¶h AZw‘mZ bJmVm h¡ {H$
AZoH$ gå^m{dV {d{Y¶m| ‘| go H$m¡Z-gr {d{Y g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ Ho$
{bE Cn¶w³V hmoJr&
6. g‘mYmZ H$m à¶moJ- g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ Ho$ {Og hb H$mo {ZîH$f© Ho$
ê$n ‘| {ZH$mbm h¡, CgH$mo à¶moJ ‘| bmZo na hr g˶Vm H$s ghr
Om±M hmo gH$Vr h¡& à¶moJmË‘H$ àH$ma H$s g‘ñ¶m ‘| Vmo g‘mYmZ
H$mo H$m¶© ê$n ‘| n[a{UV H$a {X¶m OmVm h¡, {H$ÝVw ‘mZ{gH$ g‘ñ¶m
Ho$ {ZîH$f© H$mo BVZr gabVmnyd©H$ H$m¶© ê$n ‘| n[a{UV Zht {H$¶m
Om gH$Vm h¡&
7. gm‘mݶrH$aU H$aZm- ~Zm©S>© Ho$ AZwgma g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ H$m
ApÝV‘ gmonmZ àm³H$ënZm H$m narjU h¡, {H$ÝVw Am¡a CÀM VH©$
Ed§ {MÝVZ Ho$ {bE EH$ Am¡a Z¶m gmonmZ gm‘mݶrH$aU H$aZo go
gå~pÝYV Omo‹S>m Om gH$Vm h¡& gm‘mݶrH$aU emoY H$mo ì¶mnH$
ì¶mdhm[aH$ ê$n XoZo H$m à¶ËZ h¡& gm‘mݶrH$aU H$aZo ‘| ¶o àíZ
ghm¶H$ hmo gH$Vo h¢- Aݶ {H$g n[apñW{V Ho$ {bE àñVwV hb
Cn¶w³V àVrV hmoVm h¡? àXÎmm| H$m g§J«h H$aZo Ed§ ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$aZo
H$s {d{Y Aݶ g‘ñ¶m ‘| H¡$go à¶moJ ‘| Am gH$Vr h¡? Om±M Ho$
n[aUm‘m| H$mo H¡$go g§{já ê$n ‘| àH$Q> {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡?
 n¥îR> 124 ~mbH$m| ‘| {MÝVZ Ed§ A{YJ‘
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
d¡km{ZH$ {d{Y H$s AmbmoMZm
1. ¶h {d{Y à¶moJ ‘| A{YH$ bå~r hmoVr h¡&
2. BgHo$ {bE A{YH$ à{ejU Amdí¶H$ hmoVm h¡&
3. Bg‘| g‘¶ ^r A{YH$ bJVm h¡&
4. Bg {d{Y go ^r ^{dî¶dm{U¶m± A³ga JbV hmoVr h¢ Am¡a Jb{V¶m±
hmo OmVr h¢&
7.7.3 g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ ‘| à{ejU
h‘mao Xoe H$s {ejm àUmbr Ho$ AZoH$ Xmofm| ‘| go EH$ Xmof ¶h ^r h¡ {H$ ¶hm±
N>mÌm| H$mo g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ ‘| H$moB© à{ejU Zht {X¶m OmVm h¡& OZgmYmaU H$s
¶h ‘mݶVm h¡ {H$ {dÚmb¶ H$s AdñWm ‘| ~mbH$ BVZm n[an³d Am¡a AZw^dr
Zht hmoVm {H$ dh g‘ñ¶m-g‘mYmZ H$a gHo$& BgHo$ {dnarV ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m|
H$m ‘V h¡ {H$ e¡edmdñWm go hr ~mbH$ g‘ñ¶m-g‘mYmZ ‘| g§b½Z hmoVm h¡&
h‘mao ¶hm± Ho$ AܶmnH$ ^r {ejU ‘| Bg {d{Y H$m à¶moJ H$aZo go H$VamVo h¢,
³¶m|{H$ Bg‘| A{YH$ n[al‘ Am¡a {MÝVZ H$s Amdí¶H$Vm hmoVr h¡& Hw$N> ^r
hmo, g‘ñ¶m-g‘mYmZ {d{Y H$m ‘yë¶ AܶmnZ H$s ÑpîQ> go Am¡a ~mbH$ Ho$
OrdZ H$s ÑpîQ> go ‘hÎdnyU© h¡& Bg {d{Y go {ejU amoMH$ ~ZVm h¡& ~mbH$
H$m ^mdr OrdZ AZoH$ g‘ñ¶mAm| go ¶w³V hmoVm h¡& à{ejU ‘| A^md Ho$ H$maU
AZoH$ ì¶p³V g‘ñ¶mE± CËnÝZ hmoZo na K~am OmVo h¢& AVEd ~mbH$ H$mo
g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ H$m à{ejU Adí¶ XoZm Mm{hE VWm BgHo$ {bE AܶmnH$m|
H$mo {ZåZ{b{IV ~mV| ܶmZ ‘| aIZr Mm{hE-
1. g‘ñ¶m Ho$ ñVam| H$mo nhMmZZo H$m A{YJ‘
{H$gr g‘ñ¶m H$s CnpñW{V H$mo nhMmZZm H${R>Z h¡& Cg g‘ñ¶m H$m ‘yë¶m§H$Z
H$aZm, CgHo$ ‘hÎd Am¡a O{Q>bVm H$mo nhMmZZm Am¡a ^r H${R>Z h¡& ~hþYm
AܶmnH$ Eogr g‘ñ¶mE± CnpñWV H$aVo h¢, Omo ~mbH$m| H$s g‘P go CÀM
ñVa H$s hmoVr h¢ AWdm à¶moOZhrZ hmoVr h¢& n[aUm‘ ¶h hmoVm h¡ {H$ ~mbH$
Cg g‘ñ¶m Ho$ g‘mYmZ H$s AmdíH$Vm hr AZw^d Zht H$aVm h¡& ~mbH$ CZ
g‘ñ¶m¶mAm| ‘| A{YH$ ê${M boVo h¢, {OZH$m VmËH$m{bH$ ‘yë¶ D±$Mm hmoVm
h¡& AܶmnH$m| H$mo g‘ñ¶m H$mo nhMmZZo ‘| N>mÌm| H$s ghm¶Vm H$aZr Mm{hE&
pñH$Za H$m H$WZ h¡ {H$ g’$b g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ Ho$ {bE g‘ñ¶m Ho$ ‘hÎd
Am¡a CgHo$ g‘mYmZ Ho$ n[aUm‘ H$mo OmZZo H$s ¶mo½¶Vm H$m hmoZm Amdí¶H$ h¡&
¶h ¶mo½¶Vm Xmo VÎdm| na {Z^©a h¡- EH$ ~w{Õ VWm Xÿgao g‘mYmZ H$s j‘Vm
‘| à{ejU& AܶmnH$ H$mo Mm{hE {H$ dh à˶oH$ N>mÌ H$mo X¡{ZH$ OrdZ H$s
g‘ñ¶mAm| ‘§o H${R>ZmB© Ho$ ñVa H$mo OmZZo H$s {ejm Xo& BgHo$ gmW hr nmR²>¶H«$‘
‘| g‘ñ¶m-g‘mYmZ em{‘b hmoZm Mm{hE&
2. V϶m| Ho$ g§J«h dJuH$aU Ed§ {díbofU H$m A{YJ‘
g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ ‘| V϶m|, gyMZmAm|, AZw^dm| H$m {deof ‘hÎd h¡& N>mÌm| H$mo
V϶m| Ho$ g§J«h H$m à{ejU XoZm Mm{hE& gyMZmE± EH${ÌV H$aZm é{MH$a H$m¶©
Zht h¡& Bg‘| g‘¶ Am¡a n[al‘ XmoZm| hr bJVo h¢& AܶmnH$m| H$mo Mm{hE {H$
do N>mÌm| H$mo Bg H$m¶© hoVw Eogr {d{Y¶m| H$m kmZ H$amE, {Oggo {H$ ¶h H$m¶©
é{MH$a hmo OmE& ~mbH$m| H$mo BZ gyMZmAm| H$mo Cn¶moJ ‘| bmZo H$s {d{Y ^r
{gImZr Mm{hE& V϶m| Ho$ dJuH$aU H$aZo Ho$ T>§J Am¡a {díbofU H$aZo H$s
VH$ZrH$ H$s ^r {ejm XoZr Mm{hE&
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
àJʶ
3. {MÝVZ Am¡a VH©$ H$m à[ejU
g‘ñ¶m-g‘mYmZ ‘| BZ XmoZm| ep³V¶m| H$m ‘hÎdnyU© ñWmZ hmoVm h¡& gyMZmE±
EH${ÌV H$aZo Ho$ ~mX CZH$m hb Ty>±‹T>Zo ‘| ³¶m ¶moJXmZ hmo gH$Vm h¡, ¶h VH©$
H$m {df¶ h¡& pñH$Za Zo g¥OZmË‘H$ {MÝVZ H$s Cn¶mo{JVm H$mo ~VmVo hþE BgH$mo
{gImZo na ~b {X¶m h¡&
4. g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ H$s d¡km{ZH$ {d{Y H$m kmZ
{H$gr ^r àH$ma H$s g‘ñ¶m H$m g‘mYmZ H$aZo H$s d¡km{ZH$ {d{Y H$m kmZ
{ejH$ H$mo hmoZm Mm{hE& AܶmnH$ Ûmam Bg {d{Y H$m kmZ Ed§ Aä¶mg ~mbH$m|
H$mo ^r H$admZm Mm{hE&
5. g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ Ho$ à˶oH$ MaU na ~mbH$m| H$mo ào[aV H$aZm
N>mÌ O~ g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ ‘| ì¶ñV hmo, Vmo à˶oH$ gmonmZ H$mo R>rH$ àH$ma
go gånm{XV H$aZo na AܶmnH$ Ûmam nwañH$ma XoH$a CZH$mo CËgm{hV H$aZm
Mm{hE&
7.7.4 àm¶mo{JH$ gm‘J«r
g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ ì¶dhma H$m Aܶ¶Z H$aVo g‘¶ new VWm ‘mZd XmoZm|
Ho$ {bE AbJ-AbJ àH$ma H$s àm¶mo{JH$ gm‘J«r H$m à¶moJ {H$¶m OmVm h¡,
{OZH$m dU©Z {ZåZ àH$ma h¡-
1. newAm| Ho$ {bE àm¶mo{JH$ gm‘J«r
newAm| Ho$ {bE {OZ àm¶mo{JH$ g‘ñ¶mAm| H$mo à¶moJ ‘| bm¶m OmVm h¡, CZH$m
dU©Z {ZåZ àH$ma h¡-
1. ~hþ{dH$ën g‘ñ¶mE± - Eogr g‘ñ¶mAm| H$m Cn¶moJ ~hþYm Myhm| Ûmam
g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ ‘| {b¶m OmVm h¡& Q>r Am¡a dmB© àH$ma H$s ^yb-
^wb¡¶m H$m Cn¶moJ Bgr àH$ma H$s pñW[V ‘| hmoVm h¡& Bg àH$ma H$s
g‘ñ¶mË‘H$ pñW{V ‘| Myhm Xm{hZr AWdm ~m¶t Amoa ‘w‹S>H$a ^moOZ
H$mo àmá H$a bú¶ H$s àm{á H$a boVm h¡&
2. nhobr noQ>r g‘ñ¶mE± - Eogr g‘ñ¶mAm| ‘| EH$ Eogo ~³go H$m à¶moJ
{H$¶m OmVm h¡, {Og‘| go à¶moÁ¶m| H$m XadmOm ImobH$a ~mha OmZm
n‹S>Vm h¡, ³¶m|{H$ ~mha à¶moÁ¶ H$mo bú¶ ^moOZ hmoVm h¡& ~m°³g H$s
Xrdma| H$m±M H$s ~ZmB© OmVr h¢, {Oggo bú¶ {XImB© XoVm ahVm h¡&
~³go Ho$ XadmOo H$s IwbZo H$s à{H«$¶m ¶m MQ>IZr Ho$ X~mZo go ¶m
à¶moJH$Vm© Ûmam {ZpíMV {H$gr AZw{H«$¶m {deof Ho$ H$aZo go hmoVr
h¡& Bg àH$ma H$s g‘ñ¶mAm| go ¶h OmZH$mar {‘bVr h¡ {H$ à¶moÁ¶
{H$gr àH$ma VWm {H$VZo g‘¶ ‘| ~mha {ZH$bH$a bú¶ H$s àm{á
H$a boVm h¡& Wm°Z©S>mBH$ VWm hm°Q>©Z Ho$ nhobr ~³go Bg àH$ma H$s
g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ Ho$ AÝVJ©V AmVo h¢&
3. Aà˶j nW g‘ñ¶mE± - Bg àH$ma H$s g‘ñ¶m nho{b¶m| H$m à¶moJ
dZ‘mZwf, ~ÝXa, Hw$Îmo VWm ~ÀMm| na {H$E JE h¢& Eogr g‘ñ¶mAm|
‘| bú¶ VH$ nhþ±MmZo H$m ‘mJ© {N>nm ahVm h¡ Am¡a à¶moÁ¶ H$mo {N>no
bú¶ VH$ nhþ±MZo na nwañH¥$V {H$¶m OmVm h¡&
4. Xþhar H«$‘mÝVaU g‘ñ¶mE± - Myhm| na à¶moJ H$aZo Ho$ ~mX hÊQ>a
Zo Bg àH$ma H$s Xþhar H«$‘mÝVaU g‘ñ¶mAm| H$mo OÝ‘ {X¶m& Bg
àH$ma H$s g‘ñ¶mAm| ‘| bú¶ VH$ nhþ±MZo Ho$ {bE à¶moÁ¶ H$mo EH$
 àJʶ ~mbH$m| ‘o§ {MÝVZ Ed§ A{YJ‘ n¥îR> 125

H«$‘ {deof ‘| {XE JE ñVynm| H$m M³H$a bJmZm n‹S>Vm h¡&
5. nhobr-a{hV g‘ñ¶mE± - hm°~ hmCg Ho$ àm¶mo{JH$ Aܶ¶Zm| go
Bg àH$ma H$s g‘ñ¶m H$mo OÝ‘ {‘bm& Bg‘| añgr {d^oXZ, Xmo ¶m
A{YH$ N>{‹S>¶m VWm Zbr Am¡a N>‹S>r O¡gr nhobr a{hV g‘ñ¶mAm| H$mo
{Z{‘©V H$aHo$ à¶moÁ¶ go dm§{N>V H$m¶© H$am¶m OmVm h¡&
2. ‘mZd Ho$ {bE àm¶mo{JH$ gm‘J«r
g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ ì¶dhma Ho$ joÌ Ho$ AÝVJ©V newAm| na {OZ g‘ñ¶m
nhobr H$m à¶moJ {H$¶m J¶m h¡, ‘mZd na CZgo {^ÝZ ê$n go gm‘J«r H$mo à¶moJ
‘| bm¶m J¶m h¡& BZH$m dU©Z àñVwV h¡-
1. EZm J«måg - EZm J«måg nhobr ‘| eãXm| H$mo {VVa-{~Va H$aHo$ ghr
eãX ~Zdm¶m OmVm h¢ O¡go- PALPE EH$ EZm J«måg h¡, {OgHo$
Ajam| H$mo ¶{X {VVa-{~Va H$ao, Vmo APPLE eãX ~Z OmVm h¡&
^y{‘H$m {Z^mVr h¡& O¡go g‘ñ¶m H$m AmH$ma, g‘ñ¶m VWm g‘mYmZ pñW{V¶m|
‘| g‘mZVm, g‘ñ¶mË‘H$ pñW{V H$m g§JR>Z Am{X à‘wI h¡& BZH$mo {ZåZ
àm¶mo{JH$ ar{V go Aܶ¶Z H$aHo$ {gÕ {H$¶m J¶m h¡-
1. g‘ñ¶m H$m AmH$ma - g‘ñ¶mË‘H$ pñW{V Ho$ AmH$ma H$m à^md
BgHo$$ AÝVJ©©V bJZo dmbo g‘¶ na n‹S>Vm h¡& àm¶mo{JH$ ar{V go
¶h ñnîQ> hmo MwH$m h¡ {H$ g‘ñ¶m H$m AmH$ma {OVZm ~‹S>m hmoJm,
CgH$m g‘mYmZ CVZm hr {dbå~ go hmoJm& Zo‘mH©$ VWm d¡½Za Zo
‘mZd à¶moÁ¶ Ho$ gå‘wI EH$ g‘ñ¶mË‘H$ pñW{V H$mo XoIm& à¶moÁ¶m|
H$mo ~hwV go {MÌm| ‘| go EH$ ‘mZH$ {MÌ Ho$ ~am~a {MÌ N>m±Q>Zo H$mo
{X¶m& ~hþV go {MÌm| H$s AmH¥${V H$mo ^r KQ>m¶m-~‹T>m¶m& bJZo dmbo
g‘¶ H$mo ZmoQ> H$aZo go ¶h à‘m{UV hþAm {H$ g‘ñ¶m H$m AmH$ma
g‘mYmZ ‘| bJZo dmbo g‘¶ H$mo à^m{dV H$aVm h¡& C³V à¶moJ ‘§o
¶h nm¶m J¶m {H$ {MÌm| H$s g§»¶m {OVZr A{YH$ hmoJr, g‘ñ¶m

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à¶moÁ¶ H$mo Eogo EZm J«måg H$s gyMr {‘bVr h¡, {Ogo dh gmW©H$
g‘mYmZ CVZm hr {dbå~ go hmoJm& H¡$nbmZ Ho$ à¶moJ n[aUm‘ ^r
eãXm| ‘| {VVa-{~Va H$aHo$ nyar H$aVm h¡& à¶moÁ¶ Ho$ Ûmam {b¶m
¶h {gÕ H$aVo h¢ {H$ EZm J«måg H$s g§»¶m {OVZr A{YH$ hmoVr h¡,
J¶m g‘¶ VWm AnZmB© JB© à{H«$¶m g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ ì¶dhma H$s
g‘mYmZ ‘| g‘¶ ^r CVZm hr bJVm h¡& BZ à¶moJm| go ¶h {ZîH$f©
n[aMm¶H$ h¡&
{ZH$bVm h¡ {H$ g‘ñ¶mË‘H$ pñW{V H$m AmH$ma {OVZm ~‹S>m hmoVm
2. dm{MH$ nho{b¶m± - X¡{ZH$-OrdZ ‘| Eogr dm{MH$ nho{b¶m| H$m
h¡, CgH$m g‘mYmZ CVZm hr H${R>Z hmoVm h¡&
Cn¶moJ H$aVo hþE àm¶… Kam| ‘| XoIm OmVm h¡& BZH$m Cn¶moJ
2. g‘ñ¶m Ed§ g‘mYmZ pñW{V¶m| ‘| g‘mZVm - ¶h ~mV ~‹S>r hr
‘Zmoa§OZ H$s ÑpîQ> go hmoVm h¡& Bg àH$ma H$s g‘ñ¶mAm| ‘| {XE JE
gabVm go n{aH$ënZm go {Z{‘©V H$s Om gH$Vr h¡ {H$ g‘ñ¶m Ed§
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àíZ H$m hb {ZH$mbZm hmoVm h¡& eoH$br VWm OmoÝg Zo Bg àH$ma

g‘mYmZ pñW{V¶m| ‘| {OVZr A{YH$ g‘mZVm hmoJr, à¶moÁ¶ H$mo Cg
hr nho{b¶m| H$m à¶moJ {H$¶m h¡&
pñW{V H$m g‘mYmZ H$aZo Ho$ {bE CVZm hr nwZJ©R>Z H$‘ H$aZm
3. Á¶m{‘Vr¶ AWdm {M{ÌV CÔrnH$ gm‘J«r - Bg àH$ma H$s g‘ñ¶mE±
n‹S>oJm Am¡a BgH$m ¶h à^md n‹S>oJm {H$ g‘ñ¶m H$m hb CVZm hr
à¶moÁ¶ Á¶m{‘Vr¶ AmH¥${V¶m| VWm {MÌm§o H$s ghm¶Vm go n[a^m{fV
gab hmo OmEJm& S>m¡‘rZmoñH$s Ho$ à¶moJ n[aUm‘ Omo EZm J«måg Ho$
H$aVm h¡& Bg àH$ma H$m àm¶mo{JH$ Aܶ¶Z hm°db¡ÊS> Zo {H$¶m h¡&
Aܶ¶Z Ho$ ~mX {ZH$mbo hþE h¡, ¶h {gÕ H$aVo h¢ {H$ EZm J«måg ‘|
4. {Z‘m©U g‘ñ¶mE± - Bg àH$ma H$s g‘ñ¶mAm| ‘| à˶jnaH$ g§JR>Z
EH$ Aja H$m n[adV©Z H$aZo Ho$ ~mX hb gdm©{YH$ gab hmoVm h¡&
VWm XjVm H$m Aܶ¶Z {H$¶m OmVm h¡& Bg‘| à¶moÁ¶ Hw$N> dñVwAm|
3. g‘ñ¶mË‘H$ pñW{V H$m g§JR>Z - g‘ñ¶mË‘H$ pñW{V ‘| CnpñWV
H$s ghm¶Vm go {Z‘m©U H$aZm grIVm h¡& Bgr {Z‘m©U ‘| g‘ñ¶m
KQ>H$m| H$m gwg§JR>Z g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ H$mo à^m{dV H$aVo h¢& g§J{R>V
g‘mYmZ {Z{hV hmoVm h¡& eãX g‘ñ¶mE± Bgr dJ© Ho$ AÝVJ©V AmVr
www.praganya.org

g‘ñ¶mE± g‘mYmZ H$mo gab ~ZmVr h¢ VWm Ag§J{R>V H${R>Z& Bgr

h¢& eãX g‘ñ¶mAm| ‘| eãXm| H$s ghm¶mVm go à˶jnaH$ nwZJ©R>Z,
AÝV…Ñ©pîQ> g‘ñ¶mAm| ‘| ~m¡{ÕH$ j‘Vm ì¶dhma VWm H$m¶© g‘mYmZ
g‘ñ¶mAm| ‘| à¶moÁ¶ Ûmam H$m¶© g‘mYmZ ‘| {b¶m J¶m g‘¶ VWm
{d{Y Ho$ AmYma na Hw$ebVm H$m Aܶ¶Z {H$¶m OmVm h¡& g’$b
ar{V go {H$¶m J¶m g‘mYmZ g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ ì¶dhma H$m g§Ho$V
XoVm h¡&
7.7.5 g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ ì¶dhma H$mo à^m{dV H$aZo dmbo
H$maH$
g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ ì¶dhma Ho$ à¶moJm| ‘| ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| Zo {d{^ÝZ àH$ma Ho$ n[adVu
Ho$ à^md H$m Aܶ¶Z {H$¶m h¡, {OZH$mo g‘ñ¶mË‘H$ pñW{V H$s {deofVmAm|,
g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ H$s {deofVmAm| VWm g‘mYmZH$Vm© H$s {deofVmAm| Ho$ AmYma
na à‘wI VrZ ^mJmo§ ‘| ~m±Q>m J¶m h¡& BZH$m dU©Z {ZåZ{b{IV àH$ma go h¡-
1. g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ H$s pñW{V H$s {deofVmAm| H$m à^md
g‘ñ¶m g‘mYZ H$s pñW{V H$s Hw$N> {deofVmE± hmoVr h¢, Omo g‘mYmZ ‘| à‘wI
àH$ma Ho$ g§J{R>V VWm Ag§J{R>V EZm J«måg H$mo boH$a dmB{bZ
VWm hmZ© Zo à¶moJmË‘H$ {ZîH$f© kmV {H$E h¢& g§J{R>V EZm J«måg
H$m CXmhaU COLOUR h¡ VWm Ag§J{R>V H$m RLOUCO
h¡& g§J{R>V EZm J«måg go eãX ~ZmZo ‘| H$‘ g‘¶ bJVm h¡ VWm
Ag§J{R>V go A{YH$ g‘¶ bJVm h¡&
2. g‘mYmZ H$s {deofVmAm| H$m à^md
g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ H$s àH¥${V ‘| O{Q>bVm hmo gH$Vr h¡& g‘mYmZ ‘| ¶{X MaU
A[YH$ h¢, Vmo g‘mYmZ AnojmH¥$V H${R>Z hmoJm& BgHo$ gmW hr {d{^ÝZ MaUm|
Ho$ gmW à¶moÁ¶ H$m n[a{MV hmoZm ^r EH$ Aݶ {deofVm h¡& BZH$m dU©Z
{ZåZ{b{IV h¡-
1. g‘mYmZ H$s O{Q>bVm - ho¶og VWm Aݶ Ho$ à¶moJ n[aUm‘ ¶h
{gÕ H$aVo h¢ {H$ g‘mYmZ ‘| {OVZo MaU hmoVo h¢, g‘mYmZ H$aZo
‘| CVZr hr H${R>ZmB© hmoVr h¡& Bg àH$ma Ho$ à¶moJ ho¶og Zo Omgyg
g‘ñ¶m VWm J¡½Zr Ed§ pñ‘W Zo {nam{‘S> nhobr na à¶moJ H$aHo$ ¶h
{gÕ {H$¶m {H$ g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ Ho$ MaUm| ‘| d¥{Õ Ho$ H$maU g‘ñ¶m

~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
 n¥îR> 126 ~mbH$m| ‘| {MÝVZ Ed§ A{YJ‘
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
A{YH$ H${R>Z hmo OmVr h¡ Am¡a Bgr H${R>ZmB© Ho$ H$maU g‘mYmZ ^r
{dbå~ go hmoVm h¡&
2. g‘mYmZ Ho$ MaUm| H$s gm‘mݶVm - g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ Ho$ g‘¶
n[a{MV CÔrnH$ g§Ho$V à¶moÁ¶ H$mo à^m{dV H$aVo h¢& ¶h nyd©
n[aM¶ g‘mYmZ ‘| ghm¶Vm XoVm h¡ Am¡a Bgr gw{dYm Ho$ H$maU
g‘mYmZ gabVm go hmoVm h¡&
3. g‘mYmZH$Vm© H$s {deofVmAm| H$m à^md
g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ H$s gå^mdZm g‘mYZH$Vm© H$s {deofVmAm| na ^r {Z^©a
H$aVr h¡& Bg‘| A{^àoaUm ñVa, nyd© AZw^d Ed§ goQ> ‘hÎdnyU© {deofVmAm| Ho$
ê$n ‘| OmZo OmVo h¢& BZH$m dU©Z àñVwV h¡-
1. A{^àoaUm ñVa - ¶h ñnîQ> h¡ {H$ A{^ào[aV ì¶p³V hr H$m¶© H$aZo
H$mo V¡¶ma hmoVm h¡& A{^àoaUmË‘H$ d¥{Îm {MÝVm Ho$ hmoZo go {ZînmXZ ‘|
^r Ìw{Q>¶m± hmoVr h¢& EH$ H$m¶© ‘| Ag’$b hmo OmZo go ^r Xÿgao H$m¶©
Ho$ {ZînmXZ na à^md n‹S>Vm h¡ Am¡a ¶h {ZînmXZ Xþ~©b hmo OmVm h¡&
2. Aä¶mg AWdm nyU© AZw^d H$m à^md - ‘m¶a Ho$ à¶moJ n[aUm‘
¶h {gÕ H$aVo h¢ {H$ g‘ñ¶mË‘H$ pñW{V Ho$ Mam| H$m nyd© AZw^d
g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ ‘| bm^H$mar hmoVm h¡& ‘m¶a Zo Q>monr aIZo Ho$ {bE
Iy±Q>r ~ZmZo H$s g‘ñ¶m VrZ g‘yhm| ‘| gm‘Zo aIr& àW‘ g‘yh Ho$
gå‘wI nyd© AZw^d dmbo Ma à˶jrH$aU Ho$ {bE aIo JE, Xÿgao
H$mo CZgo d§{MV aIm J¶m VWm Vrgam g‘yh nyd© AZw^d go a{hV&
àm¶mo{JH$ n[aUm‘m| go kmV hþAm {H$ àW‘ g‘yh Ho$ n[aUm‘ {ÛVr¶
go VWm {ÛVr¶ Ho$ V¥Vr¶ g‘yh go AÀN>o Wo&
3. ‘mZ{gH$ goQ> H$m à^md - g‘mYmZ Ho$ g‘¶ {H$gr {deof àH$ma go
AZw{H«$¶m H$aZo H$s àd¥{Îm H$mo goQ> H$hVo h¢& ¶h EH$ hr àH$ma H$s
AZw{H«$¶m H$aVo ahZo Ho$ H$maU hmoVr h¡& Bg à^md H$mo dwS>dW© VWm
íbmgdJ© Zo AÝYm H$aZo dmbm à^md H$hm h¡& ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| Zo EZm
J«måg H$s ghm¶Vm go à¶moJ H$aHo$ goQ> Ho$ à^md H$m Aܶ¶Z H$a
ñnîQ> {H$¶m h¡& Bg goQ> Ho$ H$maU à˶jrH$aU gå~ÝYr pñWaVm
CËnÝZ hmoVr h¡, Omo g‘mYmZ ‘| ghm¶H$ hmoVr h¡& bw{MÝg Zo Bgr
àH$ma Ho$ à¶moJ H$a goQ> Ho$ à^md H$mo à‘m{UV {H$¶m h¡&
7.7.6 g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ H$s à{H«$¶m
dmñVd ‘| XoIm Om¶o Vmo A{YJ‘ H$s à{H«$¶m hr g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ H$s à{H«$¶m
h¡& EH$ ‘| grIZo na ~b {X¶m OmVm h¡, Xÿgar ‘| g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ na& XmoZm|
hr pñW{V¶m| ‘| ì¶p³V AnZr {H$gr Amdí¶H$Vm H$s ny{V© H$aVm h¡ Am¡a CgHo$
gm‘Zo H$moB© Z H$moB© CÔoí¶ hmoVm h¡& Bg CÔoí¶ H$s àm{á ‘| H$B© ~mYmE± hmoVr h¢&
~mYmAm| H$mo nma H$aHo$ CÔoí¶ VH$ nhþ±MZo ‘| Ohm± A{YJ‘ ¶m grIZm h¡, dhm±
g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ ^r h¡& ì¶p³V H$mo g‘ñ¶m H$s AZw^y{V hmoVr h¡, dh CgHo$
g‘mYmZ ‘| AnZr nyar ep³V bJm XoVm h¡& ì¶p³V {H$gr {ZîH$f© VH$ nhþ±MVm
h¡ Am¡a O~ ì¶p³V AnZo {ZîH$f© H$m ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$aVm h¡, V^r ¶h H$hm Om
gH$Vm h¡ {H$ g‘ñ¶m-g‘mYmZ H$s à{H«$¶m nyar hþB© h¡&
{d{^ÝZ {dÛmZm| Zo g‘ñ¶m-g‘mYmZ Ho$ {OZ gmonmZm| H$m CëboI
{H$¶m h¡, CZH$m dU©Z nhbo {H$¶m Om MwH$m h¡& ãbo¶a, OmoÝg VWm {gångZ
Am¡a pñH$Za H$m H$WZ h¡ {H$ ¶h Amdí¶H$ Zht {H$ BZ gmonmZm| go g‘ñ¶m
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
àJʶ
g‘mYmZ hmo hr& AVEd BZ na Amdí¶H$Vm go A{YH$ ~b XoZm C{MV Zht&
g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ Vmo EH$ MH«$H$ à{H«$¶m h¡, {Og‘| EH$ àíZ H$mo hb
H$aVo Hw$N> Am¡a àíZ CËnÝZ hmo OmVo h¢& ¶h ~mV ì¶p³V Am¡a g‘yh XmoZm| na
hr bmJy hmoVr h¡& Bgr{bE Wm°Z©S>mBH$ Zo H$hm h¡ {H$ {dÚmb¶ H$m H$m¶© g‘ñ¶m
g‘mYmZ hr Zht, g‘ñ¶mE± CËnÝZ H$aZm ^r h¡&
7.7.7 g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ Am¡a {ejm
{dÚmb¶m| ‘| g‘ñ¶m-g‘mYmZ Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘| {ZåZ{b{IV ~mVm| H$m ܶmZ aIm
OmZm Mm{hE-
1. g‘ñ¶m-g‘mYmZ Ho$ {bE N>mÌm| Ho$ gm‘Zo ì¶mdhm[aH$ g‘ñ¶mE±
aIr OmE&
2. g‘ñ¶m Eogr hmo, {Og‘| Vm{H©$H$ {MÝVZ {H$¶m Om gHo$, Omo
‘hÎdnyU© hmo VWm {OgH$m gå~ÝY AmYw{ZH$ H$mb go hmo&
3. g‘ñ¶m Eogr hmo, {Og‘| g‘ñ¶m-g‘mYmZ Ho$ g^r gmonmZ Am OmE&
4. {dÚm{W©¶m| Ho$ ~m¡{ÕH$ ñVa, e¡{jH$ ñVa VWm nydm©Zw^dm| H$mo ÑpîQ>
‘| aIVo hþE g‘ñ¶m MwZr Om¶o&
5. ewé-ewé ‘| Ho$db AmJ‘Z {d{Y H$m hr à¶moJ {H$¶m Om¶o& ~mX
‘| {ZJ‘Z VWm AmJ‘Z XmoZm| {d{Y¶m| H$m g§¶w³V à¶moJ {H$¶m Om
gH$Vm h¡&
6. {dÚm{W©¶m| ‘o§ Vm{H©$H$ {MÝVZ Ho$ {dH$mg Ho$ {bE àíZmoÎma {d{Y,
dmX-{ddmX à{V¶mo{JVm VWm Aܶ¶Z JmoîR>r Am{X H$s ì¶dñWm
H$s Om¶o&
7. {dÚm{W©¶m| ‘| AZwgÝYmZ H$s A{^d¥{Îm H$m, ‘Z H$s EH$mJ«Vm H$m,
bJZ H$m {dH$mg {H$¶m Om¶o, ³¶m|{H$ g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ ‘| BZH$s
Amdí¶H$Vm n‹S>Vr h¡&
8. g‘ñ¶m H$mo g‘PZm, V϶m| H$m g§J«h, CnH$ënZmAm| H$m {Z‘m©U,
CZH$m ‘yë¶m§H$Z, {ZîH$f© VH$ nhþ±MZm, {ZîH$f© H$m à¶moJ Am{X
~mVm| H$m nyam nyam {ejU {dÚm{W©¶m| H$mo {‘bZm Mm{hE&
9. g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ {d{Y¶m| VWm ‘yë¶m| Am{X H$mo {d{^ÝZ n[apñW{V¶m|
‘| grIm OmZm Mm{hE&
10. H«$mo VWm H«$mo Zo {ejm ‘Zmo{dkmZ ‘| H$hm h¡ {H$ g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ H$s
ÑpîQ> go AܶmnH$m| H$mo d¡km{ZH$ {d{Y H$m à{ejU XoZm Mm{hE& V^r
do N>mÌ-N>mÌmAm| H$m C{MV ‘mJ©Xe©Z H$a gH|$Jo&
7.8 ImoO
BgH$mo gm‘mݶ ^mfm ‘| nyNVmN> H$aZm ^r H$hVo h¢& àm¶… XoIm J¶m h¡ {H$
N>moQ>o ~mbH$m| ‘| ImoO H$aZo H$s àd¥{Îm à~b hmoVr h¡& BgH$m H$maU ¶h h¡
{H$ dh CgHo$ {bE BZ ZdrZ dñVwAm| H$mo OmZZo H$s Vrd« CËH$ÊR>m hmoVr h¡&
Bg{bE XoIm J¶m h¡ {H$ àm¶… N>moQ>o ~mbH$ AnZo ‘mVm-{nVm, XmXm-XmXr go
AZoH$ àH$ma Ho$ ImoOnyU© àíZ nyN>Vo ahVo h¢& O¡go- am{Ì Ho$ g‘¶ ‘| Iwbo ‘|
~¡R>o hmoZo na MÝБm Am¡a Vmam| Ho$ ~mao ‘| AZ{JZV àíZ nyN>Vo h¢& Bg àH$ma
àíZm| H$s P‹S>r bJZo na CÎma XoVo-XoVo ‘mVm-{nVm ¶m Vmo Pw±Pbm OmVo h¢ ¶m
{’$a CZH$mo S>m±Q> XoVo h¢& Bggo ~mbH$m| H$s ImoO gå~ÝYr {Okmgm H$m X‘Z
 àJʶ ~mbH$m| ‘o§ {MÝVZ Ed§ A{YJ‘ n¥îR> 127

hmoVm h¡& ZdrZ AZw^d, ZdrZ kmZ, ZdrZ dñVwAm| H$m n[aM¶ ¶m OmZH$mar 4. V϶ EH${ÌV H$aZo H$s H$bm ‘| àdrU ~Zm¶m Om gH$Vm h¡&
àmá H$aZo H$s {Okmgm hr ~mbH$m| ‘| ImoO H$aZo H$s àd¥{Îm H$mo OmJ«V² H$aVr 5. V϶m| H$m {díbofU H$aZo H$s {d{Y H$m {dH${gV hmoZm&
h¡& n[adma Ho$ gXñ¶ VWm {ejH$ ~mbH$m| ‘| {dÚ‘mZ Bg ImoO H$s àd¥{Îm H$m 6. g‘ñ¶m go gå~pÝYV CnH$ënZmAm| H$m {dH$mg VWm CZH$s Om±M
bm^ Zht CR>mVo h¢& H$aZo H$s ¶mo½¶Vm H$m {dH$mg hmoZm&
ImoO A{YJ‘ H$s EH$ CÎm‘ {d{Y h¡, {Og‘| ~mbH$ ñd¶§ A{YJ‘ Ho$ 7. V϶m| Ho$ AmYma na {ZîH$f© {ZH$mbZo H$s ¶mo½¶Vm H$m {dH$mg&
{bE ào[aV hmoVm h¡& {ejH$ H$mo ~mbH$m| H$s Bg àd¥{Îm H$mo ~‹T>mdm XoZm Mm{h¶o&
{ejH$ H$mo gX¡d ^moOZ nH$mH$a namogZo H$s àd¥{Îm go ~MZm Mm{hE& ImoO Ûmam *******
Omo kmZ Am¡a AZw^d A{O©V {H$E OmVo h¢, do A{YH$ ñWm¶r hmoVo h¢& AJa Amn B.Ed, D.Ed, BSTC ¶m {ejU AܶmnZ Ho$ joÌ ‘| n‹T>mB©
ImoO {ejU H$m EH$ CnmJ‘ h¡& Bgo {ejU à{V‘mZ Ho$ ê$n ‘| {b¶m H$a aho h¢ Vmo Amngo {ZdoXZ h¡ {H$ {ZåZ{b{IV Whatsapp No. AnZr
OmVm h¡& {ejU à{V‘mZ Ho$ ê$n ‘| BgH$m {dH$mg gZ² 1962 ‘| [aMS>© gM‘¡Z H$jm Ho$ ìhmQ²>gEn Jw«n ‘| Omo‹S>|& AJa AmnH$m ìhmQ²>gEn Jw«n Zht ~Zm hþAm
Zo {H$¶m Wm& {ejU H$m ¶h CnmJ‘ g¥OZmË‘H$ AZwgÝYmZ na AmYm[aV h¡& ¶h h¡ Vmo H¥$n¶m H$‘ go H$‘ 20 {dÚmWu {‘bH$a ìhmQ²>gEn Jw«n ~Zm b|&
UPTET - 95301 43210
CnmJ‘ N>mÌm| ‘| gm‘m{OH$ XjVmAm| H$m Bg àH$ma {dH$mg H$aVm h¡ {H$ Cggo MP Samvida - 95302 43210

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N>mÌ gw{dYmnydH© $ g‘mO Ho$ gmW AnZm g‘m¶moOZ ñWm{nV H$a boVm h¡& BTET - 95302 43210
UTET - 72209 29294
7.8.1 ImoO H$s ‘mݶVmE± JTET - 72209 29239
ImoO CnmJ‘ {ZåZ{b{IV ‘mݶVmAm| na AmYm[aV h¡- HTET - 72209 29266
1. N>mÌ ZdrZ kmZ H$mo àmá H$aZo Ho$ {bE BÀNw>H$ Am¡a CËgwH$ hmoVm h¡& CGTET - 72209 28969
HPTET - 72209 28535
2. A{YJ‘ à{H«$¶m ‘| N>mÌ H$s gh^m{JVm ~‹T>mZo Ho$ gmW A{YJ‘
à^mdr hmoVm OmEJm&
AmnHo$ ³bmg Ho$ ìhmQ²>gEn Jw«n ‘| {ejm g§~§Yr g^r à{V¶moJr narjm Ho$
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3. ñdVÝÌ ImoO Ho$ Adga àXmZ H$aZo go A{YJ‘ n[apñW{V¶m| na

gH$mamË‘H$ à^md n‹S>Vm h¡& nong©, ‘m°S>b nong© Ed§ Aݶ Aܶ¶Z gm‘J«r ^oOr OmEJr& AmnH$m ewê$ go
4. Amdí¶H$ {ZX}eZ d ghm¶Vm XoZo na N>mÌ A{YJ‘ n[apñW{V¶m| H$mo ‘mJ©Xe©Z {H$¶m OmEJm, Vm{H$ Amn à{V¶moJr narjm ‘| A{VerK« g’$bVm
gab, gwJ‘ Am¡a ì¶dpñWV H$a boVo h¢& àmá H$a gH|$&
5. gh¶moJ na AmYm[aV ImoO N>mÌm| Ho$ ~m¡{ÕH$ AZwemgZ ‘| ghm¶Vm
XoVr h¡&

7.8.2 ImoO H$s à{H«$¶m

ImoO CnmJ‘ H$m ‘w»¶ CÔoí¶ N>mÌm| ‘| gH$mamË‘H$ H$m¡ebm| H$m {dH$mg H$aZm
www.praganya.org

h¡, {Oggo do V϶m| Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘| ImoO, {díbofU VWm ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$a gH|$&
BgHo$ {bE N>mÌm| ‘| ì¶p³VJV j‘VmAm| H$m {dH$mg {H$¶m OmVm h¡& ImoO
gå~ÝYr H$m¶© Ho$ {bE {ejH$ Am¡a N>mÌm| H$mo Mma ñVam| go JwOaZm n‹S>Vm h¡,
Omo {ZåZ{b{IV h¢- àJʶ àH$meZ Ûmam CTET Ed§ à˶oH$ amÁ¶ Ho$ TET (UPTET, MP
1. g‘ñ¶m H$s nhMmZ VWm n[a^mfrH$aU& Samvida, BTET, UTET, JTET, HTET, CGTET, HPTET)
2. g‘ñ¶m go gå~pÝYV V϶m| H$m g§J«h H$aZm& Ho$ {bE ‘m°S>b nona H$s ’«$s PDF àH$m{eV H$s OmVr h¡& ‘m°S>b nona H$s ’«$s
3. g§H${bV V϶m| H$m {díbofU H$aZm& PDF àmá H$aZo Ho$ {bE {ZåZ{b{IV Whatsapp No. AnZo H$m°boO Ho$
4. V϶ {díbofU Ho$ AmYma na A{YJ‘ n[apñW{V¶m| H$m {Z‘m©U ³bmg J«wn ¶m H$moqMJ Ho$ ³bmg Jw«n ¶m Aݶ ñQ>S>r Jw«n ‘| Om|S>o& AmnHo$ J«wn ‘|
H$aZm& ‘m°S>b nona ^ooO {XE OmE±J|&

7.8.3 ImoO Ho$ Cn¶moJ UPTET - 95301 43210

ImoO {d{Y ~‹S>r Cn¶moJr h¡& ImoO Ho$ {ZåZ{b{IV Cn¶moJ h¢- MP Samvida - 95302 43210
BTET - 95302 43210
1. N>mÌm| H$mo BgHo$ Ûmam AmË‘{Z^©a ~Zm¶m OmVm h¡&
UTET - 72209 29294
2. BgHo$ Ûmam N>mÌm| ‘| H$m¶©-H$maU gå~ÝY g‘PZo ‘| ghm¶Vm {‘bVr JTET - 72209 29239
h¡& HTET - 72209 29266
3. N>mÌm| ‘| d¡km{ZH$ ÑpîQ>H$moU H$m {dH$mg gå^d h¡& CGTET - 72209 28969
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~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
 n¥îR> 128 ~mbH$m| ‘| {MÝVZ Ed§ A{YJ‘ àJʶ
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&

Aä¶mgmW© àíZ 10. Vm{H©$H$ {MÝVZ {ZåZ ‘| go {H$gH$m EH$ Amdí¶H$ A§J h¡?
(1) gm‘mݶ {ejm H$m (2) g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ H$m
(3) gm‘wXm{¶H$ ‘m±J H$m (4) BZ‘| go H$moB© Zht

11. aMZmË‘H$ {MÝVZ ‘| ApÝV‘ gmonmZ {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgm h¡?

1. {MÝVZ ‘| ........... em{‘b h¢-
(1) V϶ g§J«h (2) J^uH$aU
(1) à{V‘m, ^mfm, H$ënZm, à{Vk{ßV
(3) ñ’w$Q>Z (4) Om±M
(2) à{V‘m, H$ënZm, g§H$ënZm, à{Vk{ßV
(3) H$ënZm, ^mfm, g§H$ënZm, à{Vk{ßV 12. aMZmË‘H$ {MÝVZ ‘| nhbr AdñWm {ZåZ{b{IV ‘o go H$m¡Zgr h¡?
(4) à{V‘m, ^mfm, g§H$ënZm, à{Vk{ßV (1) V϶ g§J«h (2) J^uH$aU
(3) ñ’w$Q>Z (4) Om±M
2. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘o§ go H$m¡Zgm {MÝVZ H$s à{H«$¶m ‘| g~go H$‘ ‘hÎdnyU© h¡?
(1) VH©$Um (2) g‘ñ¶m 13. {dkmZ Am¡a J{UV ‘| {MÝVZ {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go {H$ZHo$ {~Zm gå^d
(3) gm‘mݶrH$aU (4) ñ‘¥{V Zht h¡?
(1) à˶j (2) à{V‘m
3. g¥OZmË‘H$Vm ‘w»¶ ê$n go ........... go gå~pÝYV h¡&
(3) àVrH$ (4) {M• Am¡a gyÌ
(1) ‘m°S>qbJ ~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg
(2) AZwH$aU nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m
14. dñVwAm| H$s AZwnpñW{V ‘§o CZHo$ {df¶ ‘| {MÝVZ {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go
h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
(3) A{^gmar {MÝVZ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> {H$ggo hmoVm h¡?
(4) Angmar (~hþ{dY) {MÝVZ www.praganya.org
na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF (1) à˶j (2) à{V‘m
S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
4. {MÝVZ A{Zdm¶© ê$n go h¡ EH$- (3) gåà˶j (4) àVrH$
(1) g§kmZmË‘H$ J{V{d{Y (2) ‘ZmoJ{VH$ à{H«$¶m
15. ‘Zwî¶m| ‘| {MÝVZ Ho$ {dH$mg ‘| àW‘ gmonmZ {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go
(3) ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ n[aKQ>Zm (4) ^mdmË‘H$ ì¶dhma
H$m¡Zgm h¡?
5. g¥OZmË‘H$ {MÝVZ gX¡d hmoVm h¡- (1) gd©OrddmX (2) gd©‘mZddmX
(1) {dZmeH$mar (2) aMZmË‘H$ (3) ¶ÝÌdmX (4) ¶WmW©dmX
(3) A{^gmar (4) EH$ag
16. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go {MÝVZ Ho$ g~go A{YH$ ‘hÎdnyU© CnH$aU H$m¡Zgo
6. {ZåZ ‘| go H$m¡Zgm {MÝVZ H$s à{H«$¶m ‘| g~go H$‘ ‘hÎdnyU© h¡? h¢?
(1) {MÌ (2) àVrH$ Ed§ {M• (1) à˶j (2) à{V‘mE±
(3) ‘m±gnoer¶ {H«$¶mE± (4) ^mfm (3) gåà˶j (4) gyÌ

7. {MÝVZ H$s ÑpîQ> go {H$gr ~ÀMo ‘| gd©loîR> {MÝVZ h¡- 17. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go {MÝVZ Ho$ CnH$aU h¢-
(1) H$ënZmË‘H$ {MÝVZ (2) à˶jmË‘H$ {MÝVZ (1) à˶j (2) à{V‘mE±
(3) à˶¶mË‘H$ {MÝVZ (4) Vm{H©$H$ {MÝVZ (3) gåà˶j (4) Cn¶w©³V g^r

8. g¥OZmË‘H$ {MÝVZ hmoVm h¡- 18. à{V‘mg{hV {MÝVZ H$mo ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| Zo {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go ³¶m ‘mZm
(1) CÀM Angmar {MÝVZ (2) A{^gmar {MÝVZ h¡?
(3) ‘yë¶m§H$Z (4) ^mfm {dH$mg (1) ‘yV© {MÝVZ (2) A‘yV© {MÝVZ
(3) 1 Ed§ 2 XmoZm| (4) Cn¶w©³V H$moB© Zht
9. {MÝVZ VWm VH©$ H$m CÔoí¶ h¡-
(1) g‘ñ¶m H$mo O{Q>b ~ZmZm 19. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go {H$g ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ Zo ^mfmhrZ Am¡a ^mfm¶w³V
(2) g§doJ H$mo g‘mßV H$aZm {MÝVZ ‘| AÝVa {H$¶m h¡?
(3) g‘ñ¶m H$m g‘mYmZ H$aZm (1) Oo. ~r. dmQ>gZ (2) ‘wba$
(4) g§kmZ H$m AÝV H$aZm (3) Wm°g©Z (4) h¡S>

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19.
(3) (3) (4) (1) (2) (3) (4) (1) (3) (2) (4) (1) (4) (4) (1) (3) (4) (2) (2)

~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
 àJʶ ~mbH$m| ‘o§ {MÝVZ Ed§ A{YJ‘ n¥îR> 129

20. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go {H$g ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ Zo {MÝVZ H$mo AmÝV[aH$ dmUr 29. ~ÀMo Ûmam g§H$ënZm {Z‘m©U Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘| {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgm
H$hm h¡? H$WZ ghr h¡?
(1) Oo. ~r. dmQ>gZ (2) ³bmH©$ (1) g§H$ënZmE± g§doJmË‘H$ ê$n go gwì¶dpñWV hmoVr h¢&
(3) Wm°g©Z (4) h¡S> (2) g§H$ënZm {dH$mg H$s EH$ {ZpíMV g§aMZmË‘H$ ì¶dñWm hmoVr h¡&
(3) g§H$ënZmAm| H$s àH¥${V nXmZwH«${‘H$ Zht hmoVr h¡&
21. ‘mZd ‘| {MÝVZ Ho$ {dH$mg ‘| g~go nhbm g§à˶¶ (Concept) (4) g§H$ënZmE± d¡¶p³VH$ Zht hmoVr h¡&
{ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgm h¡?
(1) Ah‘² H$m gåà˶¶ (2) Xoe H$m gåà˶¶ 30. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgr g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ H$s d¡km{ZH$ nÕ{V H$m
(3) H$mb H$m gåà˶¶ (4) g§»¶m H$m gåà˶¶ nhbm MaU h¡?
(1) àm³H$ënZm H$m {Z‘m©U H$aZm
22. {MÝVZ H$m n[aUm‘ {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgm h¡? (2) àm³H$ënZm H$m narjU H$aZm
(1) à¶ËZ Am¡a ^yb (2) {díbofU Am¡a g§íbofU (3) g‘ñ¶m Ho$ à{V OmJê$H$Vm
(3) AÝVÑ©pîQ> (4) g‘ñ¶m gwbPmd (4) àmg§{JH$ OmZH$mar H$mo EH$Ì H$aZm

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23. {MÝVZ ‘| nhbm gmonmZ {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgm h¡? 31. {MÝVZ Ho$ gÝX^© ‘| {ZåZ{b{IV H$WZm| na {dMma H$s{OE-
(1) à¶ËZ Am¡a ^yb (2) {díbofU Am¡a g§íbofU 1. {MÝVZ H$m gå~ÝY dmñV{dH$Vm go hmoVm h¡&
(3) AÝVÑ©pîQ> (4) g‘ñ¶m gwbPmd 2. {MÝVZ VH©$ àYmZ hmoVm h¡&
3. {MÝVZ Ho$ {bE {H$gr g‘ñ¶m H$m hmoZm Amdí¶H$ Zht h¡&
24. {MÝVZ H$m à‘wI ê$n {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go ³¶m h¡?
Cnamo³V ‘| go H$m¡Zgm/go H$WZ g˶ h¡/h¢?
(1) {dMma (2) gåà˶j
(1) Ho$db 1 (2) Ho$db 2
(3) H$ënZm (4) VH©$
(3) Ho$db 3 (4) ¶o g^r
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25. {MÝVZ H$s à{H«$¶m ‘| {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go ³¶m em{‘b h¡?

32. {H$gr ~ÀMo Ho$ {MÝVZ ‘| Am¶w Ho$ ~‹T>Zo Ho$ gmW-gmW {H$gH$s
(1) AÝVX©¥pîQ> (2) nyd©ÑpîQ>
(3) níMmVÑpîQ> (4) Cn¶w©³V g^r àYmZVm ~‹T>Vr h¡?
(1) VH©$ H$s (2) gm‘mݶrH$aU H$s
26. {MÝVZ H$m bú¶ {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go ³¶m h¡? (3) AmË‘Ho$ÝÐrH$aU H$s (4) OrddmX H$s
(1) AZwgÝYmZ (2) Am{dîH$ma
(3) 1 VWm 2 XmoZm| (4) Cn¶w©³V H$moB© Zht 33. {H$gr ~ÀMo ‘| {MÝVZ H$m à‘wI H$maU ³¶m h¡?
1. g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ H$aZm
27. {ejH$ ........... Ho$ Abmdm {ZåZ{b{IV g^r H$mo H$aVo hþE g‘ñ¶m 2. {ZU©¶ boZo H$s ^mdZm
3. dmVmdaU Ho$ à{V M¡Vݶ g‘m¶moOZ H$aZo hoVw
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g‘mYmZ H$mo {dÚm{W©¶m| Ho$ {bE ‘OoXma ~Zm gH$Vm h¡&

(1) O~ {dÚmWu go H$moB© H$m¶© H$amZo H$s H$mo{ee H$a aho hmo, Vmo CZgo (1) Ho$db 1 (2) Ho$db 2
n[anyU©Vm H$s Anojm H$aZo (3) Ho$db 3 (4) ¶o g^r
(2) ‘w³V AÝV dmbr gm‘J«r CnbãY H$amZo
34. {Jb’$moS>© Zo A{^gmar {MÝVZ nX H$m à¶moJ {H$gHo$ g‘mZ AW© ‘|
(3) ‘w³V Iob Ho$ {bE g‘¶ XoZo
(4) g¥OZmË‘H$ {MÝVZ Ho$ {bE Agr{‘V Adga CnbãY H$amZo {H$¶m h¡?
(1) ~w{Õ
28. {MÝVZ Ho$ gyMZm àH«$‘U {gÕmÝV ‘| {ZåZ{b{IV MaU AmVo h¢- (2) g¥OZmË‘H$Vm
1. à{V{H«$¶m {H«$¶mÝd¶Z (3) ~w{Õ Ed§ g¥OZmË‘H$Vm
2. à{V{H«$¶m M¶Z (4) BZ‘| go H$moB© Zht
3. nyd©-àH«$‘U
4. loUrH$aU 35. {n¶mOo H$s H$m¡Zgr AdñWm H$m gå~ÝY A‘yV© Ed§ Vm{H©$H$ {MÝVZ
(1) 2,4,3,1 (2) 3,1,4,2 go h¡?
(3) 4,3,2,1 (4) 3,4,2,1 (1) g§doXr Jm‘H$ AdñWm (2) nyd© g§{H«$¶mË‘H$ AdñWm
(3) A‘yV© g§{H«$¶mË‘H$ AdñWm (4) ‘yV© g§{H«$¶mË‘H$ AdñWm

20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35.
(1) (1) (4) (1) (4) (4) (3) (1) (4) (2) (3) (4) (1) (4) (2) (3)

~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
 n¥îR> 130 ~mbH$m| ‘| {MÝVZ Ed§ A{YJ‘ àJʶ
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
36. {H$gr ~mbH$ ‘| {MÝVZ H$s ¶mo½¶Vm CgHo$ g’$b OrdZ H$m ‘yb 43. {Q>MZa H$s H$mZ}b à¶moJembm ‘| hþE à¶moJm| go {MÝVZ Ho$ {ZåZ{b{IV
AmYma h¡& ¶h H$WZ {H$gH$m h¡? ê$nm| ‘| go {H$gH$m g‘W©Z hþAm?
(1) OrZ {n¶mOo H$m (1) à{V‘mg{hV {MÝVZ (2) à{V‘mhrZ {MÝVZ
(2) H«$mo Ed§ H«$mo H$m (3) 1 VWm 2 XmoZm| (4) Cn¶w©³V H$moB© Zht
(3) habm°H$ H$m
(4) pñH$Za H$m 44. AnZr Xmo H$ݶmAm| na à¶moJ H$aHo$ {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go {H$g
‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ Zo à{V‘mhrZ {MÝVZ H$m g‘W©Z {H$¶m?
37. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go ³¶m {MÝVZ H$s EH$ {deofVm Zht h¡? (1) B©. ~r. {Q>MZa (2) Eë’«o$S> {~Zo
(1) {MÝVZ H$m gå~ÝY dmñV{dH$Vm go hmoVm h¡& (3) Or. B©. ‘wba (4) Oo. ~r. dmQ>gZ
(2) {MÝVZ VH©$àYmZ hmoVm h¡&
(3) {MÝVZ Ho$ {bE {H$gr g‘ñ¶m H$m hmoZm Amdí¶H$ Zht h¡& 45. D$O©~J© gåàXm¶ ‘| {MÝVZ na nhbo à¶moJ {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go {H$g
(4) {MÝVZ H$ënZm go A{YH$ MoVZ hmoVm h¡& ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ Zo {H$E?
(1) Hw$ëno Zo (2) ‘m~} Zo
38. ‘mܶ{‘H$ H$jmAm| ‘| EH$ AܶmnH$ N>mÌm| ‘| {MÝVZ H$m {dH$mg H$a (3) ‘wba Zo (4) ‘oga Zo
gH$Vm h¡-
(1) N>mÌm| H$s g‘ñ¶mAm| H$m g‘mYmZ H$aHo$ 46. D$O©~J© gåàXm¶ Zo {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go {H$g àUmbr ‘| {MÝVZ H$mo
(2) VH©$ Am¡a dmX-{ddmX H$s à{V¶mo{JVmAm| H$m Am¶moOZ H$aHo$ à{V‘mhrZ nm¶m?
(3) N>mÌm| H$s ê${M¶m| H$m {dH$mg H$aHo$ (1) {ZarjU (2) AÝVX©e©Z
(4) Cn¶w©³V g^r (3) {díbofU (4) g§íbofU

39. OÝ‘ Ho$ ~mX {H$gr ~mbH$ ‘| {MÝVZ H$m {dH$mg H$~ àmaå^ hmoVm h¡? 47. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgm ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ gåàXm¶ {MÝVZ H$mo g§H${bV
(1) Xmo df© H$s Am¶w Ho$ ~mX à{H«$¶m ‘mZVm h¡?
(2) nm±M df© H$s Am¶w Ho$ ~mX (1) ì¶dhmadmX (2) gmhM¶©dmX
(3) gmV df© H$s Am¶w Ho$ ~mX (3) D$O©~J© gåàXm¶ (4) J¡ñQ>mëQ>dmX
(4) nÝÐh df© H$s Am¶w Ho$ ~mX
48. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go {H$g ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ Ho$ à¶moJm| go {MÝVZ ‘| {~å~ H$m
40. AmnH$s H$jm H$m EH$ N>mÌ a‘oe h‘oem AmnHo$ gmW VH©$ H$aVm hmo, Vmo ‘hÎd ñnîQ> hmoVm h¡?
AmnH$s am¶ a‘oe Ho$ {df¶ ‘| ³¶m hmoJr? (1) dwÊQ> (2) dmQ>gZ
(1) a‘oe H$jm ‘| g~go A{YH$ ~mobZo dmbm N>mÌ h¡& (3) ‘wba (4) ‘m~}
(2) a‘oe EH$ H$ënZmerb N>mÌ h¡&
(3) a‘oe EH$ {MÝVZerb N>mÌ h¡& 49. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgm ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ gåàXm¶ à{V‘mhrZ {MÝVZ
(4) a‘oe H$s nm[adm[aH$ n[apñW{V¶m°§ R>rH$ Zht h¡& H$s nwpîQ> H$aVm h¡?
(1) ì¶dhmadmXr (2) gmhM¶©dmXr
41. g¥OZmË‘H$Vm Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘| {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgm H$WZ g˶ h¡? (3) D$O©~J© gåàXm¶ (4) J¡ñQ>mëQ>dmXr
(1) g¥OZmË‘H$ {MÝVZ ‘| EH$ gr‘m VH$ A{^gmar {MÝVZ ^r hmoVm h¡&
(2) g¥OZmË‘H$Vm EH$ bú¶ {ZX}{eV à{H«$¶m h¡& 50. {MÝVZ H$s g~go ~‹S>r nhMmZ {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go ³¶m h¡?
(3) g¥OZmË‘H$Vm ‘| ì¶p³V Hw$N> Z¶r Ed§ {^ÝZ MrOm| H$s aMZm H$aVm h¡& (1) {dMma (2) H$ënZm
(4) Cn¶w©³V g^r (3) gåà˶j (4) g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ

42. Eb. Eg. dmBJmoËñH$s Ho$ AZwgma- 51. ~ÀMm| ‘| grIZo Am¡a gwZZo Ho$ {bE A{YJ‘ ¶mo½¶ dmVmdaU Ho$ {bE
(1) ^mfm Ed§ {MÝVZ EH$-Xÿgao go ñdVÝÌ ê$n go {dH${gV hmoVo h¢& {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Z Cn¶w³V h¡?
(2) ^mfm EH$ A{O©V ¶mo½¶Vm h¡& (1) {ejm{W©¶m| H$mo ¶h Ny>Q> XoZm {H$ ³¶m grIZm h¡ Am¡a H¡$go grIZm h¡
(3) ^mfm {MÝVZ H$mo {ZYm©[aV H$aVr h¡& (2) EH$ bå~o g‘¶ Ho$ {bE [ZpîH«$¶ ê$n go gwZZm
(4) {MÝVZ ^mfm H$mo {ZYm©[aV H$aVm h¡& (3) {ZaÝVa J¥hH$m¶© XoVo ahZm
(4) grIZo dmbo Ûmam ì¶p³VJV H$m¶© H$aZm

36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51.
(2) (3) (4) (1) (3) (4) (1) (1) (2) (1) (2) (3) (1) (3) (4) (1)

~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
 àJʶ ~mbH$m| ‘o§ {MÝVZ Ed§ A{YJ‘ n¥îR> 131

52. ~mbH$m| ‘| gmoMZo H$s ¶mo½¶Vm g’$b OrdZ Ho$ {bE Amdí¶H$ h¡& {ZåZ 60. g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ dh à{V‘mZ h¡, {Og‘| Vm{H©$H$ {MÝVZ {Z{hV hmoVm
‘o§ go ¶h ‘V {H$gH$m h¡? h¡& {ZåZ ‘| go ¶h H$WZ {H$gH$m h¡?
(1) {n¶mOo H$m (2) H«$mo Ed§ H«$mo H$m (1) ñQ>oZbo H$m (2) {ñH$Za H$m
(3) {ñH$Za H$m (4) nmdbm°d H$m (3) {n¶mOo H$m (4) nmdbm°d H$m

53. ~ÀMo Ho$ gmoMZo H$s à{H«$¶m ‘| {H$g AmYma na gmoMZo H$mo g~go CÀM 61. EH$ ~mbH$ Ûmam {H$gr g‘ñ¶m H$m g‘mYmZ H$aZo Ho$ {bE {ZåZ ‘| go
‘mZm J¶m h¡? ~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ H$m¡Zgm JwU hmoZm Amdí¶H$ h¡?
(1) ê${M Ho$ AmYma na gmoMZm níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr 1. ^mfm H$m {dH$mg 2. ñdmdbå~r
H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ
(2) AZw^d Ho$ AmYma na gmoMZm OmVr h¡ {H$ Bg nwñVH$ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ>
3. ~ma-~ma à¶mg H$aZo H$s AmXV
(3) VH©$ Ho$ AmYma na gmoMZm www.praganya.org (1) 1 Ed§ 2 (2) 1 Ed§ 3
(4) AZwH$aU Ho$ AmYma na gmoMZm go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|& (3) 2 Ed§ 3 (4) ¶o g^r

54. {H$gr ~mbH$ ‘| VH©$ Ho$ AmYma na gmoMZo H$s j‘Vm Ho$ {dH$mg Ho$ 62. {H$gr g‘ñ¶m Ho$ gå^m{dV g‘mYmZm| H$m narjU H$hm± {H$¶m OmVm h¡?
(1) à¶moJembm ‘| (2) H$ht na ^r

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{bE Amdí¶H$ VÎd h¡-
(1) ^mfm gåàofU ‘| {ZnwUVm (3) {dÚmb¶ ‘| (4) Ka na
(2) Agr{‘V H$ënZm ep³V
(3) ~mbH$ Ho$ g‘j AZoH$ g‘ñ¶mE± 63. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘o§ go H$m¡Zgr {deofVm g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ CnmJ‘ H$m {deof
(4) CgH$s ~mobZo H$s J{V {M• h¡?
(1) g‘ñ¶m H$WZ ‘| g§Ho$V AÝV{Z©{hV ê$n go {X¶m hmoVm h¡&
55. h‘ H$aHo$ grIVo h¢& ¶h {H$gZo H$hm? (2) g‘ñ¶m ‘m¡{bH$ hmoVr h¡&
(1) S>m°. ‘og Zo (2) ¶mo³‘ Zo (3) ghr CÎma àmßV H$aZo H$m gm‘mݶV… EH$ CnmJ‘ hmoVm h¡&
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(3) H$mbg¡{ZH$ Zo (4) {gångZ Zo (4) g‘ñ¶m Ho$db EH$ {gÕmÝV/àH$aU na AmYm[aV hmoVr h¡&

56. g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ H$s à{H«$¶m H$m MaU Zht h¢- 64. {H$gr ~mbH$ H$s g‘ñ¶mAm| Ho$ {df¶ ‘| nVm bJmZo Ho$ {bE H$‘
(1) n[aUm‘m| H$s Amem H$aZm Cn¶moJr ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ {d{Y h¡-
(2) g‘ñ¶m H$s nhMmZ (1) à¶moJmË‘H$ {d{Y (2) {ZarjU {d{Y
(3) g‘ñ¶m H$mo N>moQ>o {hñgm| ‘| ~m±Q>Zm (3) narjU {d{Y (4) d¡¶{³VH$ B{Vhmg {d{Y
(4) gå^m{dV ¶wp³V¶m| H$mo ImoOZm
65. {H$gr g‘ñ¶m Ho$ g‘mYmZ hoVw Amdí¶H$ VÎd h¢-
57. H$moB© ~ÀMm AnZo Ûmam {ZpíMV H$s JB© gdm}Îm‘ {d{Y H$m à¶moJ H$aVm (1) OmZH$mar (2) VH©$
h¡- (3) AmH«$moe (4) ^¶
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(1) g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ Ho$ {bE

(2) ñHy$b N>mo‹S>H$a ^mJ OmZo Ho$ {bE 66. g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ H$s AÝVÑ©pîQ> {d{Y Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘| {H$gHo$ Ûmam
(3) EH$ njr¶ {MÝVZ Ho$ {bE dZ‘mZwfm| na {H$E JE à¶moJ CëboIZr¶ h¢?
(4) Cnamo³V g^r (1) Wm°Z©S>mBH$ Ûmam (2) H$mohba Ûmam
(3) pñH$Za Ûmam (4) OrZ {n¶mOo Ûmam
58. O~ H$moB© ~ÀMm AnZr g‘ñ¶m H$m g‘mYmZ ñd¶§ H$aZo bJVm h¡, Vmo
Cg‘| {ZåZ ‘| go H$m¡Zgm JwU {dH${gV hmo OmVm h¡? 67. EH$ {ejH$ H$mo gmYZ gånÝZ hmoZm Mm{hE& BgH$m AW© h¡-
(1) d¡km{ZH$ AÝdofH$ H$m (2) à{VemoY H$m (1) CZHo$ nmg n¶m©ßV YZ-gånXm hmoZr Mm{hE, Vm{H$ CÝh| {ejU XoZo H$s
(3) B©î¶m© H$m (4) g‘ñ¶m H$m Oê$aV Z n‹S>o&
(2) CZH$m A{YH$m[a¶m| Ho$ CÀM ñVa go gånH©$ hmoZm Mm{hE&
59. {H$gr ~mbH$ ‘| VH©$ VWm g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ H$s ep³V H$m {dH$mg (3) CZH$mo AnZo {dÚm{W©¶m| H$s g‘ñ¶mAm| H$mo hb H$aZo H$m n¶m©ßV kmZ
H$~ hmoVm h¡? hmoZm Mm{hE&
(1) 15d| df© ‘| (2) 12d| df© ‘| (4) {dÚm{W©¶m| Ho$ ~rM CZH$s à{g{Õ hmoZr Mm{hE&
(3) 7d| df© ‘| (4) 8d| df© ‘|

52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59. 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 67.
(2) (3) (1) (1) (3) (1) (1) (2) (1) (4) (2) (1) (3) (2) (2) (3)

~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
 n¥îR> 132 ~mbH$m| ‘| {MÝVZ Ed§ A{YJ‘ àJʶ
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
68. EH$ {ejH$ Ho$ {bE g~go ‘hÎdnyU© ³¶m h¡? 77. A{YJ‘ à^mdembr ê$n ‘| hmoVm h¡, ¶{X-
(1) H$jm ‘| AZwemgZ ~ZmE aIZm (1) ~ÀMo H$mo grIZo Ho$ {bE VËna {H$¶m OmE&
(2) H$jm ‘| g‘¶mZwdVu hmoZm (2) ~ÀMm, Omo dh grIVm h¡, Cgo XmohamE&
(3) {dÚm{W©¶m| H$s H${R>ZmB¶m| H$mo Xÿa H$aZm (3) ~ÀMm gÝVwîQ> AZw^d H$ao&
(4) EH$ gwd³Vm hmoZm (4) ~ÀMm Cn¶w©³V g^r H$ao&

69. g‘ñ¶m Ho$ AW© H$mo OmZZo H$s ¶mo½¶Vm, dmVmdaU Ho$ Xmofm|, H${‘¶m| Ed§ 78. AmnH$s H$jm H$m EH$ ~ÀMm {H$gr g‘ñ¶m H$mo g‘PZo H$m à¶mg H$a
[ap³V¶m| Ho$ à{V gOJVm {deofVm h¡? ahm h¡& Amn Cg ~ÀMo Ho$ {df¶ ‘| ³¶m H$h|Jo?
(1) à{V^membr ~mbH$m| H$s (2) gm‘mݶ ~mbH$m| H$s (1) ~ÀMm gm‘mݶ gmoM dmbm h¡&
(3) g¥OZerb ~mbH$m| H$s (4) BZ‘| go H$moB© Zht (2) ~ÀMo H$s ~w{ÕbpãY 70 go H$‘ h¡&
(3) ~ÀMo ‘| d¡km{ZH$ gmoM H$m {dH$mg hmo ahm h¡&
70. g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ A{YJ‘ H$m à˶j gå~ÝY h¡- (4) ~ÀMo H$m ‘Z n‹T>mB© ‘| Z bJH$a BYa-CYa H$s ~mVm| ‘| bJm ahVm h¡&
(1) ñ‘¥{V ñVa go (2) Ad~moY ñVa go
(3) {MÝVZ ñVa go (4) Cn¶w©³V g^r 79. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘o§ go H$m¡Zgr {deofVm g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ CnmJ‘ H$m {deof
{M• h¡?
71. H$jm ‘| AZwemgZ H$s g‘ñ¶m {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go {H$g go gå~pÝYV (1) ghr CÎma àmßV H$aZo H$m gm‘mݶV… EH$ CnmJ‘ hmoVm h¡&
h¡? (2) g‘ñ¶m Ho$db EH$ {gÕmÝV/àH$aU na AmYm[aV hmoVr h¡&
(1) H$m¡Zgm {df¶ n‹T>m¶m Om ahm h¡? (3) g‘ñ¶m H$WZ ‘| g§Ho$V AÝV{Z©{hV ê$n go {X¶m OmVm h¡&
(2) n‹T>m¶m Om ahm {df¶ {H$VZm amoMH$ h¡? (4) g‘ñ¶m ‘m¡{bH$ hmoVr h¡&
(3) N>mÌ H$jm ‘| H¡$go ~¡R>o h¢?
(4) Cn¶w©³V g^r *******
AJa Amn B.Ed, D.Ed, BSTC ¶m {ejU AܶmnZ Ho$ joÌ ‘| n‹T>mB© H$a
72. AZwemgZ H$s g‘ñ¶m Ho$ g‘mYmZ Ho$ {bE EH$ gwPmd ¶h ^r AÀN>m aho h¢ Vmo Amngo {ZdoXZ h¡ {H$ {ZåZ{b{IV Whatsapp No. AnZr H$jm Ho$
h¡- ìhmQ²>gEn Jw«n ‘| Omo‹S>|& AJa AmnH$m ìhmQ²>gEn Jw«n Zht ~Zm hþAm h¡ Vmo H¥$n¶m
(1) N>mÌm| H$mo Z¡{VH$ {ejm A{Zdm¶© ê$n go Xr OmE& H$‘ go H$‘ 20 {dÚmWu {‘bH$a ìhmQ²>gEn Jw«n ~Zm b|&
(2) N>mÌm| Ho$ AmMaU na ^r A§H$ {XE OmE±& UPTET - 95301 43210
(3) AZwemgZhrZVm na ^mar XÊS> {X¶m OmE& MP Samvida - 95302 43210
(4) Cn¶w©³V g^r& BTET - 95302 43210
UTET - 72209 29294
73. N>mÌ g‘ñ¶m H$m g‘mYmZ gm‘y{hH$ ê$n go H$aVm h¡- JTET - 72209 29239
(1) AÝdofU {d{Y ‘| (2) n[a¶moOZm {d{Y ‘| HTET - 72209 29266
(3) ImoO {d{Y ‘| (4) BZ g^r ‘| CGTET - 72209 28969
HPTET - 72209 28535
74. {ejU H$mo ~ohVa ~ZmZo Ho$ {bE Amdí¶H$ h¡ {H$-
(1) nmR²>¶H«$‘ H$mo ~ma-~ma Xmoham¶m OmE& AmnHo$ ³bmg Ho$ ìhmQ²>gEn Jw«n ‘| {ejm g§~§Yr g^r à{V¶moJr narjm Ho$ nong©,
(2) J¥hH$m¶© {X¶m OmE&
‘m°S>b nong© Ed§ Aݶ Aܶ¶Z gm‘J«r ^oOr OmEJr& AmnH$m ewê$ go ‘mJ©Xe©Z
(3) N>mÌm| H$mo àíZ nyN>Zo Ho$ {bE àmoËgm{hV {H$¶m OmE&
{H$¶m OmEJm, Vm{H$ Amn à{V¶moJr narjm ‘| A{VerK« g’$bVm àmá H$a gH|$&
(4) N>mÌm| H$m ‘yë¶m§H$Z Am¡a g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ gmW-gmW {H$¶m OmE&

75. {ejm Ho$ {H$g ñVa H$s g‘ñ¶m A{YH$ ‘hÎdnyU© h¡?
(1) àmW{‘H$ ñVa H$s (2) CÀM àmW{‘H$ ñVa H$s
(3) ‘mܶ{‘H$ ñVa H$s (4) BZ‘| go H$moB© Zht

76. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgm grIZo H$m joÌ h¡?

(1) ì¶mdgm{¶H$ (2) AmZw^{dH$
(3) ^mdmˑH$ (4) AmܶmpˑH$
68. 69. 70. 71. 72. 73. 74. 75. 76. 77. 78. 79.
(3) (3) (3) (4) (1) (2) (4) (4) (2) (1) (3) (3)

~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
 àJʶ A{^àoaUm Ed§ A{YJ‘ n¥îR> 133

Aܶm¶ 8
A{^àoaUm Ed§ A{YJ‘
H$aZm, Amaå^ H$aZm, Omar aIZm VWm {Xem àXmZ H$aZm hmoVm h¡&
8.1 àñVmdZm
{dÚm{W©¶m| H$s A{^àoaUm AܶmnH$ Ho$ {bE EH$ Eogr g‘ñ¶m h¡ {OgH$s Amoa 2. dwS>dW© Ho$ AZwgma-
ܶmZ XoZm Amdí¶H$ h¡& {dÚm{W©¶m| H$mo n‹T>mVo g‘¶ AܶmnH$ A{^àoaUm H$s A{^àaoUm ì¶p³V H$s dh Xem h¡ Omo {H$gr {ZpíMV CÔoí¶ H$s ny{V© Ho$ {bE,
g‘ñ¶m H$mo EH$ ~hþV hr ‘hÎdnyU© g‘ñ¶m g‘PVo h¢& à˶oH$ ‘mZdr¶ H$m¶© {ZpíMV ì¶dhma H$mo ñnîQ> H$aVr h¡&

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H$s Vh ‘| A{^àoaUm {H$gr Z {H$gr ê$n ‘| {dÚ‘mZ ahVr h¡, ³¶m|{H$ ‘Zwî¶
3. JoQ²>g d Aݶ Ho$ AZwgma-
{H$gr Z {H$gr ê$n ‘| Ame¶ ¶m ‘ZmoaW Ûmam {ZX}eZ àmá H$aVm h¡& OrdZ Ho$
ha joÌ ‘| VWm H$m¶moª Ho$ MaUm| ‘§o A{^àoaUm H$m à‘wI hmW hmoVm h¡ Bg{bE A{^àoaUm àmUr Ho$ ^rVa H$s do emar[aH$ Am¡a ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ Xem¶| h¢, Omo Cgo
{deof àH$ma H$s {H«$¶m H$aZo Ho$ {bE ào[aV H$aVr h¡&
h‘mao OrdZ ‘o§ g’$bVm H$s àm{á A{^àoaUm na hr {Z^©a H$aVr h¡& A{^àoaUm
H$mo grIZo H$m öX¶, grIZo H$s gwZhar g‹S>H$, A{Zdm¶© pñW{V Am¡a grIZo 4. JwS> Ho$ AZwgma-
H$m à‘wI H$maH$ H$hm OmVm h¡, ³¶m|{H$ gmam grIZm ào[aV grIZm hmoVm h¡& A{^àoaUm {H«$¶m H$mo àmaå^ H$aZo, Omar aIZo VWm {Z¶{ÝÌV aIZo H$s à{H«$¶m h¡&
g‘w{MV A{^àoaUm {dÚm{W©¶m| Ho$ à{V{~å~, ܶmZ, ê${M VWm à¶ËZ n¡Xm H$aHo$
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grIZo Ho$ H$m¶© H$mo CÝZV H$aVr h¡& grIZo H$m H$m¶© à^mdembr ¶m Hw$eb 5. Om°ZgZ Ho$ AZwgma-
VWm g’$b Zht hmo gH$Vm O~ VH$ {H$ {ZaÝVa ‘ZmoaW nyU© VWm M¶Z H$aZo A{^àoaUm gm‘mݶ {H«$¶m H$bmnm| H$m à^md h¡, Omo àmUr Ho$ ì¶dhma H$mo B§{JV Am¡a
H$s H$mo{ee Z hmo& Bg{bE AܶmnH$ H$s g‘ñ¶m ¶h h¡ {H$ dh BZ ‘ZmoaWm| {ZX}{eV H$aVr h¡&
VWm é{M¶m| H$mo {ejm Ho$ CÔoí¶ Ho$ {bE ImoOo, {ZX}eZ H$ao VWm ‘ybYZ ‘|
6. ãbo¶a, OmoÝg d {gångZ Ho$ AZwgma-
~Xb Xo&
A{^àoaUm EH$ à{H«$¶m h¡ {Og‘| A{YJ‘ H$s AmÝV[aH$ ep³V¶m± ¶m Amdí¶H$VmE±
CgHo$ dmVmdaU ‘| {d{dY bú¶m| H$s Amoa {ZX}{eV hmoVr h¢&
8.2 A{^àoaUm H$m AW© 7. bm°dob Ho$ AZwgma-
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A{^àoaUm eãX H$s CËn{Îm b¡{Q>Z ^mfm Ho$ ‘moQ>‘ go hþB© h¡, {OgH$m AW© h¡
A{^àoaUm EH$ Eogr ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ ¶m AmÝV[aH$ à{H«$¶m h¡, Omo {H$gr Amdí¶H$Vm
J{V H$aZm ¶m BÝgmBQ> Qw> Eo³eZ& AV… A{^àoaUm dh à{H«$¶m h¡ Omo H$‘© n¡Xm H$s CnpñW{V ‘| CËnÝZ hmoVr h¡& ¶h Eogr [H«$¶m H$s Amoa CÝ‘wI hmoVr h¡, Omo Cg
H$aZo, CÝZ{V H$mo H$m¶‘ aIZo, H$m¶© Ho$ Z‘yZo H$mo {Z¶{‘V aIZo VWm {Xem Amdí¶H$Vm H$mo g§VwîQ> H$aoJr&
XoZo H$m H$m¶© H$aVr h¡& BgHo$ {bE ¶h eara ‘| VÝVwAm| ‘| e[³V Ûmam n[adV©Z
n¡Xm H$aVr h¡& ¶h {dÚm{W©¶m| ‘| n‹T>mB© VWm Aݶ H$m¶moª Ho$ {bE ê${M n¡Xm H$aZo 8. {Jb’$moS>© Ho$ AZwgma-
VWm CZ‘| Omoe ^aZo H$s H$bm h¡& A{^àoaUm H$moB© {deof AmÝV[aH$ H$maH$ AWdm Xem h¡, {Og‘| {H«$¶m H$mo Amaå^
àoaUm H$m AW© ñnîQ> H$aZo Ho$ {bE h‘| BÀN>mAm| Am¡a àoaH$m| H$mo ñnîQ> H$aZo Ed§ ~Zm¶o aIZo H$s àH¥${V hmoVr h¡&
g‘PZm Amdí¶H$ h¡& O~ h‘| {H$gr dñVw H$s Amdí¶H$Vm hmoVr h¡, Vmo h‘mao 9. ~aZmS>© Ho$ AZwgma-
AÝXa EH$ BÀN>m CËnÝZ hmoVr h¡, {OgHo$ ’$bñdê$n D$Om© CËnÝZ hmo OmVr
A{^àoaUm Ûmam CZ {d{Y¶m| H$s ImoO H$s OmVr h¡ Omo ~mbH$ H$mo ñHy$b Ûmam àXÎm
h¡, Omo àoaH$ e[³V H$mo J{Verb ~ZmVr h¡& A{YJ‘ Ho$ {bE BÀNw>H$ ~ZmVr h¡&

10. ‘¡JmoM Ho$ AZwgma-

8.3 A{^àoaUm H$s n[a^mfmE± àoaH$ àmUr H$s H$moB© Xem h¡ Omo {XE J¶o H$m¶© Ho$ Aä¶mg H$s Amoa B§{JV H$aVr h¡
{d{^ÝZ [dÛmZm| Ûmam A{^àoaUm H$s AZoH$ n[a^mfmE± Xr JB© h¢, CZ‘| go Hw$N> VWm Cg H$m¶© Ho$ gÝVmofàX g‘mnZ H$mo n[a^m{fV H$aVr h¡&
n[a^mfmE± {ZåZ{b{IV h§¡-
11. e¡’$a d Aݶ Ho$ AZwgma-
1. pñH$Za Ho$ AZwgma-
A{^àoaH$ {H«$¶m H$s EH$ Eogr n«d¥{Îm h¡ Omo àUmoXZ Ûmam CËnÝZ hmoVr h¡ VWm
{dÚmb¶ Ho$ grIZo ‘| A{^àoaUm H$m AW© Ano{jV ì¶dhma Ho$ {bE àmoËgm{hV g‘m¶moOZ Ûmam g‘má hmoVr h¡&

~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
 n¥îR> 134 A{^àoaUm Ed§ A{YJ‘ àJʶ
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
12. nr. Q>r. ¶§J Ho$ AZwgma- 2. ~mø A{^àoaUm
àoaU ì¶dhma H$mo OmJ«V H$aZo, {H«$¶m Ho$ {dH$mg H$mo gå~mo{YV H$aZo Am¡a {H«$¶m Ho$ Bg àH$ma H$s A{^àoaUm ‘| {H$gr ^r AZw{H«$¶m Ho$ {bE ~mø CÔrnZ H$s
VarH$m| H$mo {Z¶{‘V H$aZo H$s à{H«$¶m h¡& Amdí¶H$Vm n‹S>Vr h¢& àmUr ñd¶§ AnZr BÀNm go {H$gr AZw{H«$¶m H$mo Zht H$aVm
h¡& Bg àH$ma H$s A{^àoaUm Ho$ AÝVJ©V àe§gm, {ZÝXm, nwañH$ma, à{VÛpÝXVm
13. Ed[ab Ho$ AZwgma- Am{X AmVr h¡& ~mø A{^àoaUm H$m gå~ÝY {ZåZ ñVa H$s Amdí¶H$VmAm|
A{^àoaUm H$m AW© h¡- gOrd à¶mg& ¶h H$ënZm H$mo {H«$¶merb ~ZmVr h¡, ¶h
go hmoVm h¡& Bg gÝX^© ‘| à¡gr, amo{~ÝgZ VWm hmoamo³g Ho$ {dMma {ZåZ h¡-
‘mZ{gH$ ep³V Jwá Am¡a AkmV òmoVm| H$mo OmJ«V Am¡a à¶w³V H$aVr h¡& ¶h öX¶ H$mo
ñnpÝXV H$aVr h¡ ¶h {ZíM¶, A{^bmfm Am¡a A{^àm¶ H$mo nyU©V¶m ‘w³V H$aVr h¡, ¶h A{YJ‘ {d{Y Ho$ ê$n ‘| ~mø A{^àoaUm, AmÝV[aH$ A{^àoaUm go {ZåZ H$mo{Q> H$s
~mbH$ ‘| H$m¶© H$aZo, g’$b hmoZo Am¡a {dO¶ nmZo H$s BÀN>m H$mo àmoËgm{hV H$aVr h¡& hmoVr h¡&

14. S>m°. nMm¡ar Ho$ AZwgma-

8.4.1 ‘mñbmo Ho$ AZwgma A{^àoaUm Ho$ àH$ma
A{^àoaUm H$m gå~ÝY CZ H$maH$m| go h¡ Omo ì¶p³V H$s {H«$¶m H$m ~b ~‹T>mVo h¢
‘mñbmo Zo A{^àoaUm H$mo ‘w»¶V… Mma dJmoª ‘| {d^m{OV {H$¶m h¡, Omo {ZåZ
¶m KQ>mVo h¢&
àH$ma h¡-
Cn¶w©³V n[a^mfmAm| H$m {díbofU H$aZo na {ZåZ{b{IV V϶ ñnîQ>
hmoVo h¢-
1. àoaUm ì¶p³V Ho$ ì¶dhma H$mo OmJ«V ¶m CÎmo{OV H$aVr h¡& ì¶dhma
H$m g§MmbZ àoaUm Ûmam hr hmoVm h¡&
2. àoaUm ì¶p³V Ho$ AÝXa ep³V n[adV©Z go àmaå^ hmoVr h¡& A{YH$m§e 1. OÝ‘OmV àoaUm
àoaH$m| Ho$ {b¶o CÎmaXm¶r ep³V n[adV©Zm| H$m dU©Z Zht [H$¶m Om Bg àH$ma H$s A{^àoaUm àmUr ‘| OÝ‘ go hr nmB© OmVr h¡& BgH$s gÝVwpîQ>
gH$Vm h¡& Ho$ A^md ‘| àmUr Or{dV Zht ah gH$Vm h¡& Bg àH$ma H$s A{^àoaUm H$mo h‘
3. àoaUm {H«$¶merbVm H$s ÚmoVH$ hmoVr h¡& eara O{ZV A{^àoaUm ¶m àmW{‘H$ A{^àoaUm ^r H$hVo h¡& OÝ‘OmV àoaH$m| ‘|
4. àoaUm H$s A{^d¥{Îm ^mdmË‘H$ àXe©Z Ûmam hmoVr h¡& ^mdmË‘H$ ߶mg, ^yI, H$m‘, {dlm‘, ào‘, H«$moY, ‘b‘yÌ Ë¶mJZm Am{X AmVo h¢&
OmJ«{V g§doJm| go Ow‹S>r hþB© h¡& AZoH$ ~ma ^mdmË‘H$ nj Jwá ahVm h¡&
5. àoaUm gmYZ h¡, gmܶ Zht& {H$gr H$m¶© H$mo nyU© H$aZo Ho$ {b¶o ¶h 2. A{O©V àoaUm
EH$ gmYZ h¡& A{^àoaUm A{YJ‘ H$m ‘w»¶ Zht, ghm¶H$ A§J h¡& Bg àH$ma H$s A{^àoaUm, ì¶p³V, {ejm, ‘mZ{gH$ n[an³dVm Ed§ dmVmdaU
6. àoaUm EH$ ep³V h¡, Omo {H«$¶m H$mo àmaå^ H$aVr h¡ VWm {ZX}eZ Ho$ gånH©$ ‘| AmH$a àmá H$aVm h¡& Bg àH$ma ¶h OÝ‘ go {dÚ‘mZ Z hmoH$a
H$aVr h¡& dmVmdaU Ho$ gånH©$ go nm¶r OmVr h¡&
7. àoaUm àmUr H$s AmÝV[aH$ pñW{V ¶m AdñWm h¡& 3. ì¶p³VJV àoaUm
8. àoaUm EH$ H$ënZmË‘H$ à{H«$¶m h¡, Omo ì¶dhma Ho$ {ZYm©aU go Bg àH$ma H$s A{^àoaUm, ì¶p³VJV AZw^d Ûmam àmá hmoVr h¡& Bg‘| ì¶p³VJV
gå~pÝYV hmoVr h¡& {d{^ÝZVmE± nmB© OmVr h¡& BgHo$ AÝVJ©V H«$‘e…- AmXV, AmH$m§jm ñVa,
9. àoaUm na emar[aH$ VWm ‘mZ{gH$, ~mø Ed§ AmÝV[aH$ n[apñW{V¶m| OrdZ bú¶, ‘X ì¶gZ, ê${M, ‘Zmod¥{Îm VWm AMoVZ A{^àoaUm hmoVr h¢&
H$m à^md n‹S>Vm h¡&
g§jon ‘|, h‘ H$h gH$Vo h¡ {H$ ì¶[³V H$s AmÝV[aH$ Xem H$s CnpñW{V 4. gm‘m{OH$ àoaUm
‘| O~ ì¶p³V H$moB© bú¶moÝ‘wI ì¶dhma H$aVm h¡, Vmo Cgo àoaUm H$hVo h¢& Bg àH$ma H$s A{^àoaUm ì¶p³V H$mo gm‘m{OH$ ì¶dhma H$aZo H$s àoaUm XoVr
h¡& BgHo$ AÝVJ©V H«$‘e… gm‘y{hH$Vm, AmË‘ Jm¡ad, Amܶm[Ë‘H$,$ gm‘m{OH$
gwajm Am{X AmVo h¢&
8.4 A{^àoaUm Ho$ àH$ma
‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| Zo A{^àoaUm H$mo ‘w»¶V… Xmo dJm] ‘| {d^m{OV {H$¶m h¡, Omo 8.4.2 J¡aoQ> Ho$ AZwgma A{^àoaUm Ho$ àH$ma
{ZåZ{b{IV h¡- J¡aoQ> Zo àoaUm H$mo VrZ àH$ma ‘§o dJuH¥$V {H$¶m h¡, Omo {ZåZ{b{IV h¡-
1. AmÝV[aH$ A{^àoaUm 1. O¡{dH$ A{^àoaUm
2. ~mø A{^àoaUm 2. ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ A{^àoaUm
3. gm‘m{OH$ A{^àoaUm
1. AmÝV[aH$ A{^àoaUm
AmÝV[aH$ A{^àoaUm ‘| {H$gr ^r AZw{H«$¶m Ho$ {bE ~mø CÔrnZ H$s Amdí¶H$Vm 8.4.3 Wm°‘gZ Ho$ AZwgma A{^àoaUm Ho$ àH$ma
Zht hmoVr àmUr ñd¶§ AnZr BÀN>m go {H$gr H$m¶© H$mo H$aVm h¡& Bg àH$ma H$s Wm°‘gZ Zo A{^àoaUm H$mo Xmo dJmoª ‘| {d^m{OV {H$¶m h¡, Omo {ZåZ àH$ma h¡-
A{^àoaUm ñd¶§ àmUr ‘| hr {Z{hV hmoVr h¡&
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
 àJʶ
1. ñdm^m{dH$ A{^àoaUm
2. H¥${Ì‘ A{^àoaUm
8.5 A{^àoaUm Ho$ ñÌmoV ¶m MaU
H$B© eãX Eogo h¢ Omo A{^àoaUm go {H$gr Z {H$gr AW© ‘| OwS>o hþE h¢& BZ eãXm|
H$m à¶moJ A{^àoaUm Ho$ gÝX^© ‘| H$B© ~ma hmoVm ahVm h¡, bo{H$Z BZ {d{^ÝZ
eãXm| H$m à¶moJ ^r {d{eîQ> hr hmoVm h¡& A{^àoaUm H$s g^r n[apñW{V¶m| ‘|
g^r eãXm| H$m à¶mg Zht {H$¶m OmVm& A{^àoaUm Ho$ gÝX^© ‘| BZ eãXm| H$m
C{MV à¶moJ H$aZo Ho$ {bE CZ eãXm| H$mo d CZHo$ AWmoª H$mo g‘PZm ~hþV
Amdí¶H$ h¡ AݶWm A{^àoaUm H$s gånyU© à{H«$¶m H$mo g‘P nmZm H${R>Z hmo
OmVm h¡&
àoaUm Ho$ {ZåZ{b{IV 4 òmoV h¢-
1. Amdí¶H$VmE±
2. MmbH$
3. CÔrnZ
4. àoaH$
1. Amdí¶H$VmE±
à˶oH$ àmUr H$s Hw$N> AmYma^yV Amdí¶H$VmE± hmoVr h¢, {OZHo$ A^md ‘|
CgH$m ApñVËd Agå^d h¡, O¡go- Ob, dm¶w, ^moOZ Am{X& ¶{X CgH$s
H$moB© Amdí¶H$Vm nyU© Zht hmoVr h¡, Vmo CgHo$ ímara ‘| VZmd Am¡a Ag§VwbZ
CËnÝZ hmo OmVm h¡ {Ogo ’$bñdê$n CgH$m {H«$¶merb hmoZm A{Zdm¶© hmo OmVm
h¡, O¡go- O~ àmUr H$mo ^yI bJVr h¡, V~ Cg‘| VZmd CËnÝZ hmo OmVm h¡,
{OgHo$ ’$bñdê$n dh ^moOZ H$s ImoO H$aZo Ho$ {bE {H«$¶merb hmo OmVm h¡&
O~ Cgo ^moOZ {‘b OmVm h¡¡, V~ CgH$s {H«$¶merbVm Am¡a CgHo$ gmW hr
CgHo$ emar[aH$ VZmd H$m AÝV hmo OmVm h¡& AV… h‘ ~mo[a§J, b¢J’$sëS> Ed§
drëS> Ho$ eãXm| ‘o§ H$h gH$Vo h¡-
Amdí¶H$Vm, eara H$s H$moB© Oê$aV ¶m A^md h¡, {OgHo$ H$maU emar[aH$ AgÝVwbZ
¶m VZmd CËnÝZ hmo OmVm h¡, Bg VZmd ‘| Eogm ì¶dhma CËnÝZ H$aZo H$s àd¥{Îm hmoVr
h¡ {Oggo Amdí¶H$Vm Ho$ ’$bñdê$n CËnÝZ hmoZo dmbm AgÝVwbZ g‘má hmo OmVm h¡&
Bgr ~mV H$mo do Am¡a A{YH$ ñnîQ> H$aVo hþE H$hVo h¡-
Amdí¶H$VmE± àm{U¶m| Ho$ ^rVa H$m VZmd h¡, Omo Hw$N> CÔrnZm| (àmoËgmhZm|) ¶m bú¶m|
Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘| àmUr Ho$ joÌ H$mo ì¶pñWV H$aZo ‘| àñVwV H$aVr h¡ Omo bú¶ àm{á hoVw {ZX}{eV
{H«$¶m H$mo CÎmo{OV H$aVm h¡&
2. MmbH$
àmUr H$s Amdí¶H$VmE± CZgo gå~pÝYV MmbH$m| H$mo OÝ‘ XoVr h¢& CXmhaUmW©,
^moOZ àmUr H$s Amdí¶H$Vm h¡& ¶h Amdí¶H$Vm Cg‘| ^yI-MmbH$ H$mo OÝ‘
XoVr h¡& Bgr àH$ma nmZr H$s Amdí¶H$Vm, ߶mg-MmbH$ H$s CËn{Îm H$m H$maU
hmoVr h¡& MmbH$, àmUr H$mo EH$ {ZpíMV àH$ma H$s {H«$¶m ¶m ì¶dhma H$aZo Ho$
{bE ào[aV H$aVm h¡, O¡go- ^yI-MmbH$ Cgo ^moOZ H$aZo Ho$ {bE ào[aV H$aVm
h¡& AV… h‘ ~mo[a¨J, b¢J’$sëS> Ed§ drëS> Ho$ eãXm| ‘| H$h gH$Vo h¢-
MmbH$, eara H$s EH$ AmÝV[aH$ {H«$¶m ¶m Xem h¡, Omo EH$ {deof àH$ma Ho$ ì¶dhma
Ho$ {bE àoaUm àXmZ H$aVr h¡&
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
A{^àoaUm Ed§ A{YJ‘ n¥îR> 135
àoaH$m| H$mo AÝVZm}X AWdm MmbH$ ^r H$hVo h¢& àoaH$ {H«$¶m H$aZo H$s
ep³V ¶m D$Om h¡& S>o{e¶b Ho$ AZwgma-
àoaH$ Am{X ep³V H$m ‘yb òmoV h¡ Omo ‘Z H$mo {H«$¶merb ~ZmVm h¡&
eo’$a VWm Aݶ Ho$ AZwgma-
àoaH$ EH$ gwÑ‹T> VWm AMb CÎmoOH$ h¡, Omo {H$gr g‘m¶moOH$ H$s AZw{H«$¶m H$s
‘m±J H$aVm h¡&
{hbJmS>© Ho$ AZwgma-
Cn¶w³V CÔrnZ H$s àm{á go AÝVZm}X H$s Vrd«Vm H$‘ hmo OmVr h¡ Am¡a ì¶[³V H$m
‘mZ{gH$ VZmd Xÿa hmo OmVm h¡&
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3. CÔrnZ
{H$gr dñVw H$s Amdí¶H$Vm CËnÝZ hmoZo na CgH$mo nyU© H$aZo Ho$ {bE MmbH$
CËnÝZ hmoVm h¡& {Og dñVw go ¶h Amdí¶H$Vm nyU© hmoVr h¡, Cgo CÔrnZ H$hVo
h¢, O¡go- ^yI EH$ MmbH$ h¡, Am¡a ^yI-MmbH$ H$mo ^moOZ gÝVwîQ> H$aVm h¡&
AV… ^yI-MmbH$ Ho$ {bE ^moOZ CÔrnZ h¡& Bgr àH$ma, H$m‘-MmbH$ H$m
CÔrnZ h¡- Xÿgao qbJ H$m ì¶p³V, ³¶m|{H$ Cgr go ¶h MmbH$ gÝVwîQ> hmoVm
h¡& AV… h‘ ~mo[a¨J, b¢J’$sëS> Ed§ drëS> Ho$ eãXm| ‘| H$h gH$Vo h¢-
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CÔrnZ H$s n[a^mfm Cg dñVw, pñW{V ¶m {H«$¶m Ho$ ê$n ‘| H$s Om gH$Vr h¡, Omo
ì¶dhma H$mo CÔrá, CËgm{hV Am¡a {ZX}{eV H$aVm h¡&
Amdí¶H$Vm, MmbH$ d CÔrnZ H$m gå~ÝY-
h‘Zo Amdí¶H$Vm, MmbH$ Am¡a CÔrnZ Ho$ ~mao ‘| Omo Hw$N> {bIm h¡, Cggo
{gÕ hmo OmVm h¡ {H$ BZ VrZm| H$m EH$-Xÿgao go gå~ÝY h¡& Bg gå~ÝY H$mo
Amdí¶H$Vm MmbH$-CÔrnH$ gyÌ go 춳V H$aVo hþE {hbJmS>© Zo {bIm h¡-
Amdí¶H$Vm, MmbH$ H$mo OÝ‘ XoVr h¡& MmbH$ ~‹T>o hþE VZmd H$s {Xem h¡, Omo H$m¶©
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Am¡a àmapå^H$ ì¶dhma H$s Amoa AJ«ga H$aVm h¡& CÔrnZ ~mø dmVmdaU H$s H$moB©
dñVw hmoVr h¡, Omo Amdí¶H$Vm H$s gÝVwpîQ> H$aVr h¡ Am¡a Bg àH$ma {H«$¶m Ho$ Ûmam
MmbH$ H$mo H$‘ H$a XoVr h¡&
4. àoaH$
àoaH$m| Ho$ AÝVJ©V CÔrnZ Ho$ A{V[a³V MmbH$, VZmd, Amdí¶H$Vm Am{X
gpå‘{bV {H$¶o OmVo h¢& JoQ²>g d Aݶ Ho$ AZwgma-
àoaH$m| Ho$ {d{^ÝZ ñdê$n h¢ Am¡a BZH$mo {d{^ÝZ Zm‘m| go nwH$mam OmVm h¡, O¡go-
Amdí¶H$VmE±, BÀN>mE±, VZmd, ñdm^m{dH$ pñW{V¶m±, {ZYm©[aV àd¥{Îm¶m±, A{^d¥{Îm¶m±,
ê${M¶m±, ñWm¶r CÔrnH$ Am¡a Bgr àH$ma Ho$ Aݶ Zm‘&
àoaH$ ³¶m h¢? Bg gå~ÝY ‘o§ {dÛmZm| ‘§o n¶m©á ‘V^oX h¢& Hw$N> BZH$mo
OÝ‘OmV ¶m A{O©V e[³V¶m± ‘mZVo h¢, Hw$N> BZH$mo ì¶[³V H$s emar[aH$ ¶m
‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ XemE± ‘mZVo h¢ Am¡a Hw$N> BZH$mo {ZpíMV {XemAm| ‘§o H$m¶© H$aZo
H$s àd¥{Îm¶m± ‘mZVo h¡ na g^r {dÛmZ Bg ~mV go gh‘V h¢ {H$ àoaH$ ì¶[³V
H$mo {deof àH$ma H$s {H«$¶mAm| ¶m ì¶dhma H$aZo Ho$ {bE CÎmo{OV H$aVo h¢&
ãbo¶a, OmoÝg d {gångZ Ho$ AZwgma-
àoaH$ h‘mar AmYma^yV Amdí¶H$VmAm| go CËnÝZ hmoZo dmbr do ep³V¶m± h¢ Omo
ì¶dhma H$mo {Xem Am¡a CÔoí¶ àXmZ H$aVr h¢&
 n¥îR> 136
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
E{bg H«$mo Ho$ AZwgma-
àoaH$m| H$mo Eogr Am§V[aH$ XemE± ¶m ep³V¶m± ‘mZm Om gH$Vm h¡, Omo ì¶p³V H$mo
{ZpíMV bú¶m| H$s Amoa ào[aV H$aVr h¢&
{ZîH$f© ê$n ‘| h‘ H$h gH$Vo h¡ {H$ àoaH$ EH$ ì¶mnH$ eãX h¡ VWm
BgHo$ {d{^ÝZ ê$n h¢& àoaH$m| H$mo Amdí¶H$Vm, BÀN>m, VZmd, ñdm^m{dV
pñW{V¶m±, {ZYm©[aV àd¥{Îm¶m±, ê${M, ñWm¶r CÔrnH$ Am{X Zm‘m| go ^r nwH$mam
OmVm h¡& àoaH$ dmñVd ‘§o ì¶[³V H$mo CÔoí¶m| H$s àm{á H$s Amoa bo OmVo h¢&
8.6 A{^àoaUm Ho$ {gÕmÝV
àoaUm Ho$ joÌ ‘| {gÕmÝVdmXr Hw$N> àíZm| na ~b XoVo h¢, Omo {ZåZ{b{IV h¢-
1. à‘wI àoaUm VÝÌ ³¶m h¡ Am¡a dh VÝÌ {H$g àH$ma ào[aV H$aVm h¡?
2. {d{^ÝZ àoaUmE± nañna {H$g àH$ma gå~pÝYV h¢?
3. ào[aV ì¶dhma ‘| {H$g àH$ma nañna {H«$¶m à{V{H«$¶m hmoVr h¡ VWm
ào[aV ì¶dhma Ho$ ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$, n¶m©daUr¶ VWm X¡{hH$ H$maU ³¶m
³¶m h¢?
BZ àíZm| Ho$ CÎma ImoOZo go hr {d{^ÝZ {gÕmÝVm| Zo OÝ‘ {b¶m h¡,
{OZ‘| Ho$ Hw$N> à‘wI {gÕmÝVm| H$m g§jon ‘| dU©Z àñVwV h¢-
1. ‘¡H$Sy>Jb H$m ‘yb àd¥{Îm {gÕmÝV
BZHo$ AZwgma H$moB© ^r ì¶dhma ‘yb àd¥{Îm go ào[aV hmoZo na hr {H$¶m OmVm h¡&
2. AmZwd§{eH$s n¡Q>Z© {gÕmÝV
bm¡aoÝO Zo ~Vm¶m {H$ àoaUm AmZwd§{eH$ hmoVr h¡&
3. ‘Zmo{díbofU dmXr {gÕmÝV
¶h {gÕmÝV {gJ‘ÊS> ’$m¶S> Zo{S>¶m H$m h¡& BZHo$ AZwgma ì¶p³V Ho$ ì¶dhma
H$mo AMoVZ àoaH$ à^m{dV H$aVm h¡, BÝhm|Zo ~Vm¶m {H$ ‘Z ‘| BX hmoVm h¡,
Omo AmZÝX MmhVm h¡ VWm Ah§ dmñV{dH$Vm Ho$ H$m¶© H$aVm h¡ VWm na‘ Ah§
AmXe©dmXr hmoVm h¡& Ah§, BX d na‘ Ah§ ‘| gÝVwbZ H$aVm h¡&
4. ‘mñbmo H$m Amdí¶H$Vm AZwH«$‘ {gÕmÝV
BZHo$ AZwgma ì¶p³V H$s Amdí¶H$VmE± EH$ Ho$ ~mX EH$ nXmZwH«${‘H$ AdñWmAm|
‘§o nyU© hmoVr h¡& gd©àW‘ eara H$s Amdí¶H$Vm d CgHo$ ~mX gwajm H$s d
BgHo$ ~mX gm‘m{OH$ Amdí¶H$VmE± VWm gå‘mZ d AÝV ‘| AmË‘¶WmW©Vm H$s
Amdí¶H$VmAm| H$s ny{V© hmoVr h¡&
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
A{^àoaUm Ed§ A{YJ‘ àJʶ
8.7 A{^àoaH$m| Ho$ àH$ma
A{^àoaH$m| H$m dJuH$aU H$B© àH$ma go H$aVo h¢& ‘mñbmo Ho$ AZwgma A{^àaH$m|
H$mo OÝ‘OmV A{^àoaH$ VWm A{O©V A{^àoaH$ ‘| ~m±Q>m Om gH$Vm h¡& Wm°‘gZ
Ho$ AZwgma A{^àoaH$m| H$mo ñdm^m{dH$ A{^àoaH$ VWm H¥${Ì‘ A{^àoaH$ ‘| ~m±Q>m
Om gH$Vm h¡& J¡aoQ> Ho$ AZwgma A{^àoaH$m| H$mo O¡{dH$ A{^àoaH$, ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$
A{^àoaH$ VWm gm‘m{OH$ A{^àoaH$ ‘| ~m±Q>m Om gH$Vm h¡& BZ g^r A{^àoaH$m|
H$m g§{já dU©Z {ZåZ àH$ma h¡-
1. OÝ‘OmV A[^àoaH$
OÝ‘OmV A{^àoaH$ do A{^àoaH$ h¢, Omo ì¶p³V ‘| OÝ‘ go nm¶o OmVo h¢, O¡go-
^yI, ߶mg, {dlm‘, {ZÐm Am{X&
2. A{O©V A{^àoaH$
do àoaH$ {OÝh| àmUr AnZo à¶mgm| go àmá H$aVm h¡ A{O©V A{^àoaH$ H$hbmVo
h¢, O¡go- gm‘m{OH$Vm, ê${M, à{VîR>m Am{X&
3. ñdm^m{dH$ A{^àoaH$
ñdm^m{dH$ A{^àoaH$ ì¶p³V ‘| ñd^md go nm¶o OmVo h¢, O¡go- IobZm, gwI
àmá H$aZm Am{X&
4. H¥${Ì‘ A{^àoaH$
¶o àoaH$ àmUr Ho$ H$m¶© AWdm ì¶dhma H$mo {Z¶pÝÌV H$aZo, àmoËgm{hV H$aZo
AWdm dm§{N>V {Xem XoZo Ho$ {bE ñdm^m{dH$ A{^àoaH$m| Ho$ nyaH$ Ho$ ê$n ‘|
à¶w³V {H$¶o OmVo h¢, O¡go- nwañH$ma, àe§gm, XÊS> Am{X&
5. O¡{dH$ A{^àoaH$
O¡{dH$ A{^àoaH$ àmUr H$s O¡{dH$s Amdí¶H$VmAm| Ho$ ’$bñdê$n CËnÝZ hmoVo
h¢& BgHo$ AÝVJ©V àm¶… g§doJm| H$mo aIm OmVm h¡, O¡go- H«$moY, ^¶, ào‘ Am{X&
6. gm‘m{OH$ A{^àoaH$
gm‘m{OH$ A{^àoaH$ gm‘m{OH$ ‘mݶVmAm|, gå~ÝYm|, n[apñW[V¶m|, AmXemoª
Am{X Ho$ H$maU CËnÝZ hmoVo h¢, O¡go- à{VîR>m, gwajm, aMZmË‘H$Vm Am{X&
7. CnbpãY A{^àoaH$
{H$gr joÌ-{deof ‘§o A{YH$ go A{YH$ g’$bVm àm{á Ho$ {bE Cgr Ho$ AZwê$n
H$m¶© H$aZo H$s àd¥{Îm CnbpãY A{^àoaH$ hmoVr h¡& ‘Z, ’$Zm©ëS> H$o AZwgma-
CnbpãY A{^àoaH$ go VmËn¶© loîR>Vm H$m {deoîm ñVa àmá H$aZo go hmoVm h¡&
8. AZw‘moXZ A{^àoaH$
AZw‘moXZ H$s A{^àoaUm {OZ ì¶p³V¶m| ‘| A{YH$ hmoVr h¡, do ì¶p³V Eogo H$m¶moª
H$mo H$aZm A{YH$ ngÝX H$aVo h¢ {OZH$m H$aZo na Aݶ bmoJ CZHo$ H$m¶moª H$s
gamhZm d àe§gm H$a|& Eogo ì¶p³V¶m| H$s BÀN>m hmoVr h¡ {H$ do Omo H$m¶© H$a| Aݶ
ì¶p³V¶m| Ûmam Cgo ñdrH$ma {H$¶m OmE& Aݶ ì¶p³V¶m| Ûmam {H$gr ì¶dhma
{deof Ho$ à{V gH$mamË‘H$ ÑpîQ>H$moU aIZm hr AZw‘moXZ hmoVm h¡& {OZ ì¶p³V¶m|
‘| AZw‘moXZ àoaUm A{YH$ hmoVr h¡ dh g‘mO Ûmam ñdrH¥$V ì¶dhma H$mo H$aZm
A{YH$ ngÝX H$aVo h¢ d H$B© ~ma Aݶ ì¶p³V¶m| AWdm g‘yh Ho$ X~md ‘| AnZm
{ZU©¶ ~Xb XoVo h¢& Eogo ì¶p³V¶m| ‘o§ gwPmd J«hUerbVm A{YH$ nm¶r OmVr h¡&
 àJʶ A{^àoaUm Ed§ A{YJ‘
Bg A{^àoaH$ H$s A{YH$Vm d¶ñH$m| H$s Anojm {H$emam| ‘| A{YH$ nm¶r
OmVr h¡& Eogm XoIm J¶m h¡ {H$ ì¶p³V AnZo AmË‘-gå‘mZ H$mo D$±Mm H$aZo H$s
BÀN>m go ^r Bg A{^àoaH$ H$mo AnZo AÝXa ~Zm¶o aIVo h¢ AWm©V² gm‘m{OH$
{Z¶‘m| Ho$ AZwê$n ì¶dhma H$aVo hþE XoIo OmVo h¢&
8.8 A{^ào[aV ì¶dhma H$s {deofVmE±
A{^ào[aV ì¶dhma Ho$ bjU OmZZm A˶mdí¶H$ h¡, Vm{H$ AܶmnH$ H$mo
H$jm ‘o§ AnZr A{^àoaUm à{d{Y¶m| Ho$ à^md Am¡a CZH$s Cn¶mo{JVm H$m nyU©
Am¡a dmñV{dH$ kmZ hmo gHo$& ¶{X AܶmnH$ A{^ào[aV ì¶dhma Ho$ bjUm|
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go n[a{MV Zht h¡, Vmo {dÚm{W©¶m| H$s A{^àoaUm Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘| AܶmnH$
Ûmam {H$¶o J¶o g^r à¶ËZ ì¶W© Om gH$Vo h¢& AV… A{^ào[aV ì¶dhma Ho$
bjUm| H$m Aܶ¶Z ^r A{V Amdí¶H$ h¡& A{^ào[aV ì¶dhma Ho$ ‘w»¶ bjU
{ZåZ{b{IV h¢-
1. ܶmZ Ho$pÝÐV hmoZm
A{^ào[aV ì¶p³V H$m ܶmZ EH$ hr ì¶p³V ¶m EH$ hr H$m¶© na Ho$pÝÐV ahVm
h¡& bú¶ àm{á H$m H$m¶© {dÚmWu Ho$ {bE gwJ‘ hmo OmVm h¡&
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2. CËgwH$Vm
A{^àoaUm H$m à^md {dÚmWu H$s CËgwH$Vm Ho$ ê$n ‘§o XoIm Om gH$Vm h¡&
A{^ào[aV {dÚmWu H$moB© ^r H$m¶© XoZo na ~‹S>r CËgwH$Vm go n[aUm‘ àmá H$aZo
Ho$ {bE Cg H$m¶© H$mo H$aoJm& CËgwH$Vmde dh H$m¶© H$aZo Ho$ {bE ha g‘¶
V¡¶ma ahVm h¡&
3. {ZaÝVaVm
A{^ào[aV ì¶dhma H$s EH$ {deoîmVm ¶h ^r hmoVr h¡ {H$ ì¶p³V Cg H$m¶© ‘|
{ZaÝVaVm ~Zm¶o aIVm h¡& do Cg H$m¶© H$mo {ZaÝVa H$aVo ahVo h¢ O~ VH$ {H$
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CZH$m bú¶ CÝh| àmá Zht hmo OmVm & ¶h CZH$s A{^àoaUm H$m hr à^md h¡&
4. Amdí¶H$Vm H$s ny{V©
A{^ào[aV ì¶dhma Ûmam {H$gr ì¶p³V H$s Amdí¶H$Vm H$s gÝVwpîQ> hmoVr h¡,
My±{H$ Amdí¶H$Vm H$s ny{V© H$m gå~ÝY ^r {H$gr Z {H$gr ê$n ‘§o A{^àoaUm go
hmoVm h¡& AV… A{^ào[aV ì¶dhma Ûmam Amdí¶H$Vm H$s ny{V© H$aZo ‘| ghm¶Vm
{‘bVr h¡&
5. {H«$¶m-Ho$pÝÐV à{H«$¶m
A{^ào[aV ì¶dhma {H$gr Z {H$gr {H«$¶m H$mo OÝ‘ XoVm h¡& AV… A{^àoaUm Ûmam
CËnÝZ ì¶dhma H$mo {Z¶pÝÌV aIZm A{V Amdí¶H$ h¡&
6. ~oM¡Zr H$m Xÿa hmoZm
Amdí¶H$Vm H$s ny{V© go ¶m bú¶ H$s àm{á na ì¶p³V Ho$ AÝXa CËnÝZ VZmd
¶m ~oM¡Zr H$‘ ¶m Xÿa hmo OmVr h¡& AV… A{^ào[aV ì¶dhma go H$moB© H$m¶© {H$¶m
OmE Vmo g§doJmË‘H$ nj {Z¶pÝÌV ahVm h¡&
7. ep³V g§MmbZ
A{^àoaUm Ho$ Xm¡amZ ‘Zwî¶ ‘| EH$ àH$ma H$s ep³V CËnÝZ hmoVr h¡& Bg ep³V
Ho$ g§MmbZ go H$moB© H$m¶© {~Zm WHo$ ¶m {~Zm ê$Ho$ {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡& ep³V
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
n¥îR> 137
g§MmbZ Ho$ AÝVJ©V H$B©-H$B© KÊQ>m| VH$ bJmVma ì¶p³V H$m¶© H$aVo ahZo Ho$
{bE A{^ào[aV ahVm h¡&
8.9 A{^àoaUm H$s {d{Y¶m±
{ejm{W©¶m| H$m {dÚmb¶ ‘| AmZm Bg ~mV H$r Amoa g§Ho$V H$aVm h¡ {H$ do
grIZo Ho$ {bE A{^ào[aV h¢, na {H$VZo A{YH$ AWdm H$‘, ¶h AbJ ~mV
h¡& CZH$s Bg A{^àoaUm Ho$ nrN>o H$moB© EH$ A{^àoaH$ ^r hmo gH$Vm h¡, Xmo
A{^àoaH$ ^r hmo gH$Vo h¢ Am¡a Xmo go A{YH$ A{^àoaH$ ^r hmo gH$Vo h¢& h‘
OmZVo h¢ {H$ grIZm ‘Zwî¶ H$s OÝ‘OmV àd¥{Îm h¡& hmo gH$Vm h¡ {H$ Hw$N>
{ejmWu AnZr Bg àH¥${V H$s gÝVwpîQ> Ho$ {bE {dÚmb¶ AmVo hm|& h‘ OmZVo
h¢ {H$ ‘Zwî¶ ‘| gm‘y{hH$Vm H$s ‘yb àd¥{Îm hmoVr h¡, hmo gH$Vm h¡ Hw$N> {ejmWu
Bg ‘yb àd¥{Îm H$s gÝVwpîQ> Ho$ {bE [dÚmb¶ AmVo hm|& ¶h ^r hmo gH$Vm h¡
{H$ Hw$N> {ejmWu {‘Ìm| H$s g§JV Ho$ bmo^ go {dÚmb¶ AmVo hm|& Hw$N> {ejmWu
Iob-Hy$X gw{dYmAm| Ho$ H$maU ^r {dÚmb¶ Am gH$Vo h¢ Am¡a Hw$N> {ejm{W©¶m|
Ho$ {bE g‘mO ‘| n‹T>o-{bIo ì¶p³V¶m| H$m CÀM ñVa hmoZm CZH$s A{^àoaU H$m
AmYma hmo gH$Vm h¡& Hw$N> {ejmWu BZ‘| go {H$gr EH$ A{^àoaH$ go A{^ào[aV
hmo gH$Vo h¡§ Am¡a Hw$N> EH$ go A{YH$ A{^àoaH$m| go& H$moB© {ejmWu Mmho EH$
A{^àoaH$ go A{^ào[aV hmo Am¡a Mmho EH$ go A{YH$ A{^àoaH$m| go, dh {OVZm
A{YH$ A{^ào[aV hmoJm, grIZo H$s à{H«$¶m CVZr hr A{YH$ gwMmê$ ê$n go
MboJr Am¡a grIZm ^r CVZm hr A{YH$ ñWm¶r hmoJm& {ejm{W©¶m| H$mo grIZo
Ho$ {bE nyÊm© ê$n go A{^ào[aV H$aZo Ho$ {bE ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| Ûmam {dH${gV H$s
JB© Hw$N> à‘wI$ {d{Y¶m± {ZåZ{b{IV h¢-
1. n‹T>mE OmZo dmbo {df¶ AWdm {gImE OmZo dmbo H$m¡eb H$s Cn¶mo{JVm
Cn¶mo{JVm g~go A{YH$ ep³Vembr A{^àoaH$ hmoVm h¡& ¶{X {ejm{W©¶m| H$mo
¶h ñnîQ> H$a {X¶m OmE {H$ n‹T>m¶m OmZo dmbm {df¶ AWdm {gIm¶m OmZo
dmbm H$m¡eb CZHo$ OrdZ ‘| CZHo$ {bE {H$VZm Cn¶moJr h¡, Vmo {OVZm A{YH$
CÝh| CgH$s Cn¶mo{JVm H$m Am^mg hmoJm, do grIZo Ho$ {bE CVZo hr A{YH$
A{^ào[aV hm|Jo&
2. n‹T>mE OmZo dmbo {df¶ AWdm {gImE OmZo dmbo H$m¡eb Ho$ à{ejU Ho$
CÔoí¶
{H$gr {df¶ AWdm H$m¡eb H$s OrdZ ‘| Cn¶mo{JVm Ho$ gmW {H$gr {XZ n‹T>mE
OmZo dmbo {df¶ AWdm {gImE OmZo dmbo H$m¡eb Ho$ CÔoí¶ Ed§ bú¶ ^r ñnîQ>
H$aZm Amdí¶H$ hmoVm h¡& ¶o àW‘ {d{Y go A{^ào[aV {ejm[W©¶m| H$mo grIZo
Ho$ {bE Am¡a A{YH$ A{^ào[aV H$aVo h¢& {ejm{W©¶m| H$mo grIo OmZo dmbo kmZ
AWdm H$m¡eb Ho$ grIZo Ho$ CÔoí¶ {OVZo A{YH$ ñnîQ> hmoVo h¢ do grIZo Ho$
{bE CVZo hr A[YH$ A{^ào[aV hmoVo h¢ Am¡a CZH$s grIZo gå~ÝYr {H«$¶mE± ^r
CVZr hr A{YH$ CÔoí¶ b{jV hmoVr h¢&
3. {ejm{W©¶m| H$m AmH$m§jm ñVa
Hw$N> {ejmWu Ho$db CÎmrU© hmoZo ^a H$s AmH$m§jm aIVo h¢, Hw$N> {ÛVr¶ loUr
‘| CÎmrU© hmoZo H$s Am¡a Hw$N> àW‘ loUr ‘| CÎmrU© hmoZo H$s& Bgr àH$ma Hw$N>
{ejmWu N>moQ>o-‘moQ>o ì¶dgm¶ H$mo àmá H$aZo H$s AmH$m§jm aIVo h¢, Hw$N> H$s
 n¥îR> 138 A{^àoaUm Ed§ A{YJ‘
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
AmH$m§jmE± Bggo A{YH$ hmoVr h¢ Am¡a Hw$N> H$s AmH$m§jmE± Vmo Amg‘mZ H$mo Ny>Vr
h¢& ¶h XoIm J¶m h¡ {H$ {OZ {ejm{W©¶m| H$m AmH$m§jm ñVa {OVZm A[YH$
D$±Mm hmoVm h¡ do VËgå~ÝYr kmZ Ed§ H$m¡eb grIZo Ho$ {bE CVZo hr A{YH$
A{^ào[aV hmoVo h¢& gm’$ Om{ha h¡ {H$ {ejm{W©¶m| H$m AmH$m§jm ñVa CR>mH$a h‘
CZH$s A{^àoaUm ‘| d¥{Õ H$a gH$Vo h¢&
4. {ejm[W©¶m| H$s Amdí¶H$VmE±
{H$gr {df¶ H$m kmZ Ed§ H$m¡eb H$m {ejU Ed§ à{ejU AnZo ‘| {H$VZm ^r
Cn¶moJr ³¶m| Z hmo, bo{H$Z ¶{X dh {ejm{W©¶m| H$s Amdí¶H$VmAm| H$s gÝVwpîQ>
Zht H$aVm Vmo {ejmWu Cgo grIZo Ho$ {bE A{^ào[aV Zht hmoVo& {ejm{W©¶m|
H$mo A{^ào[aV H$aZo Ho$ {bE ¶h Amdí¶H$ hmoVm h¡ {H$ {gImE OmZo dmbo kmZ
AWdm H$m¡eb H$m gå~ÝY CZH$s Amdí¶H$VmAm| go Omo‹S>m OmE& N>mÌm| H$s
{df¶ AWdm H$m¡eb Ho$ à{V A{^àoaUm ~‹T>mZo H$s ¶h CÎm‘ {d{Y ‘mZr OmVr
h¡, Am¡a dmñVd ‘§o hmoVr ^r h¡&
5. H$jm H$m dmVmdaU
H$jm H$m dmVmdaU ^r {ejm{W©¶m| H$mo A{^ào[aV H$aZo ‘| A{^àoaH$ H$m H$m¶©
H$aVm h¡& gwÝXa H$j, ewÕ hdm, n¶m©á àH$me, emÝV dmVmdaU, {ejH$-
{ejm{W©¶m| Ho$ ~rM Ho$ gå~ÝY Am¡a {ejm{W©¶m| Ho$ Amng Ho$ gå~ÝY, BZ g~go
H$jm H$m dmVmdaU V¡¶ma hmoVm h¡& {Og H$jm ‘| grIZo Ho$ {bE {OVZm AÀN>m
dmVmdaU hmoVm h¡ Cg H$jm Ho$ {ejmWu CVZo hr A{YH$ A{^ào[aV hmoVo h¢&
6. {ejH$ H$m ì¶dhma
{ejH$ H$m {ejm{W©¶m| Ho$ à{V AmË‘^md EH$ AMyH$ am‘~mU hmoVm h¡& dh
AnZo ào‘, ghmZw^y{V Ed§ gh¶moJnyU© ì¶dhma go {ejm{W©¶m| H$s A{^àoaUm H$mo
gabVm go ~‹T>m gH$Vm h¡& ¶h H$m¶© dh N>mÌm| H$s ^mdZmAm| H$m gå‘mZ H$aHo$,
CÝh| A{^ì¶p³V Ho$ ñdVÝÌ Adga àXmZ H$aHo$ Am¡a CZH$s g‘ñ¶mAm| H$m
VwaÝV hb H$aHo$ H$a gH$Vm h¡&
7. àe§gm Ed§ {ZÝXm
Bg gÝX^© ‘| {H$E JE ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ Aܶ¶Zm| go Xmo V϶ COmJa hþE& àW‘
¶h {H$ Am¡gV ~w{Õ dmbo {ejm{W©¶m| Ho$ {bE àe§gm AÀN>o A{^àoaH$ H$m H$m¶©
H$aVr h¡ Am¡a N>moQ>o ~ÀMm| Ho$ {bE {ZÝXm AÀN>o A{^àoaH$ H$m H$m¶© H$aVr h¡
Am¡a Xÿgam ¶h {H$ {ZÝXm H$s Anojm àe§gm A{YH$ AÀN>m A{^àoaH$ hmoVm
h¡& ¶h H$m¶© {ejH$ {ejm{W©¶m| H$s ghr AZw{H«$¶m Ho$ {bE ߶ma Ed§ ‘wñH$mZ
^ar ñdrH¥${V Ed§ gwÝXa, ~hþV R>rH$ Am{X eãXm| Ho$ Ûmam H$a gH$Vo h¢& JbV
AZw{H«$¶m na {ZÝXm Ho$ ñWmZ na gh¶moJ A{YH$ CÎm‘ A{^àoaH$ hmoVm h¡&
¶{X H$moB© {ejmWu ~ma-~ma JbV AZw{H«$¶m H$ao Vmo ^r CgH$s {ZÝXm, ào‘ Ed§
ghmZw^y{V Ho$ gmW H$aZr Mm{hE&
8. à{VÛpÝÛVm Ed§ à{V¶mo{JVm
H$^r-H$^r ñnYm© AmYm[aV à{VÛpÝÛVm Am¡a à{V¶mo{JVm ^r AÀN>o A{^àoaH$
H$m H$m¶© H$aVr h¢& ¶h à{VÛpÝÛVm ì¶p³VJV Ho$ ñWmZ na gm‘y{hH$ ñVa na
A{YH$ à^mdembr hmoVr h¡& ì¶p³VJV à{VÛpÝÛVm Ed§ à{V¶mo{JVm, Ohm± AÀN>o
A{^àoaH$ H$m H$m¶© H$aVr h¢ dhm± {ejm{W©¶m| ‘| Ûof H$s ^mdZm ^r CËnÝZ H$aVr
h¢, naÝVw gm‘y{hH$ à{VÛpÝÛVm Ed§ à{V¶mo{JVm {ejm{W©¶m| H$mo AnZo g‘yh H$mo
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
àJʶ
{dO¶lr {XbmZo hoVw A{YH$ l‘ H$aZo Ho$ {bE A{^ào[aV H$aVr h¡& {ejH$m|
H$mo à{VÛpÝÛVm Am¡a à{V¶mo{JVm H$m Cn¶moJ ~‹S>r gmdYmZr go H$aZm Mm{hE&
9. nwañH$ma Ed§ XÊS>
Bg gÝX^© ‘§o {H$E JE ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ Aܶ¶Zm| ‘| nm¶m J¶m {H$ {Og g‘yh
H$s àe§gm H$s JB© CgH$s {Zîn{Îm Cg g‘yh go A{YH$ Wr {OgH$s AmbmoMZm
H$s JB© Wr Am¡a {Ogo {Z¶ÝÌU ‘| aIm J¶m Wm& ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| Zo ñnîQ> {H$¶m
{H$ nwañH$ma N>mÌm|o ‘| gÝVmof CËnÝZ H$aVm h¡ Am¡a CZH$m ‘Zmo~b ~‹T>mVm h¡,
{Oggo do grIZo Ho$ {bE A{^ào[aV ahVo h¢ Am¡a XÊS> N>mÌm| ‘| IrO CËnÝZ
H$aVm h¡ Am¡a CZH$m ‘Zmo~b {JamVm h¡ {Oggo N>mÌm| H$m grIZo ‘| ‘Z Zht
bJVm, naÝVw nwañH$ma ~‹S>r gmdYmZr go XoZm Mm{hE& H$ht Eogm Z hmo {H$
N>mÌ ‘yb CÔoí¶ go ^Q>H$ OmE± Am¡a nwañH$ma nmZm hr CZH$m CÔoí¶ hmo OmE&
nwañH$ma N>mÌm| H$s {deof g’$bVm na hr XoZm Mm{hE Am¡a VwaÝV XoZm Mm{hE
Am¡a àe§gm, à‘mU-nÌ AWdm nXH$ Ho$ ê$n ‘§o XoZm Mm{hE& Hw$N> n[apñW{V¶m|
‘| ~ÀMm§o H$mo XÊS> XoZm A{^àoaH$ H$m H$m¶© H$aVm h¡, O¡go- CÝh| AݶWm
AmMaU go amoH$Zo Ho$ {bE {XE OmZo dmbm XÊS>, naÝVw XÊS> ~‹S>r gmdYmZr go
XoZm Mm{hE& H«$moY H$s pñW{V ‘| XÊS> XoZm hm{ZH$maH$ hmoVm h¡& Bggo {ejmWu
A{^ào[aV hmoZo Ho$ ñWmZ na nbm¶Z H$a OmVo h¢&
10. g’$bVm H$m kmZ
‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ ñH$sZa Zo AnZo à¶moJm| ‘| nm¶m {H$ ¶{X grIZo dmbo H$mo AnZr
g’$bVm H$m kmZ VwaÝV H$am {X¶m OmE, Vmo dh CgHo$ {bE A{^àoaH$ H$m H$m¶©
H$aVm h¡, dh Cggo AmJo Ho$ H$m¶© H$mo Am¡a A{YH$ CËgmh go H$aVm h¡& ñH$sZa
Zo Bgo nwZ~©bZ H$s g§km Xr& CÝhmo§Zo {ejm{W©¶m| Ho$ Bg àH$ma Ho$ nwZ~©bZ XoZo
hoVw A{^H«${‘V Aܶ¶Z H$m {dH$mg ^r {H$¶m&
11. Cn¶w³VV‘ {ejU {d{Y¶m| H$m à¶moJ
{ejH$ Cn¶w³VV‘ {ejU {d{Y dh hmoVr h¡ {Og‘| N>mÌm| H$s é{M hmoVr h¡
Am¡a {OgHo$ Ûmam do erK« grIVo h¢& erK« g’$bVm go nwZ~©bZ {‘bVm h¡,
grIZo dmbo A{^ào[aV hmoVo h¢ Am¡a grIZo H$s {H«$¶m H$mo Am¡a A{YH$ J{V
àXmZ hmoVr h¡&
{ejm{W©¶m| H$s A{^àoaUm ~‹T>mZo H$s Am¡a ^r AZoH$ {d{Y¶m± hmo gH$Vr
h¢& {ejH$m| H$mo {H$gr ^r {d{Y H$m M¶Z {ejm{W©¶m|§ H$s Am¶w, n[an³dVm,
‘ZmoXem, {df¶dñVw AWdm H$m¡eb H$s àH¥${V Am¡a {ejm{W©¶m| Ho$ n¶m©daU,
BZ g~H$mo ÑpîQ> ‘| aIH$a H$aZm Mm{hE, O~ Omo {d{Y ¶m {d{Y¶m± Cn¶w³V
hm|, V~ CZHo$ Ûmam CZH$s A{^àoaUm H$mo ~‹T>mZm Mm{hE& ¶h ^r AnZo ‘| EH$
H$bm h¡, {ejH$ H$mo Bg H$bm ‘| {ZnwU hmoZm Mm{hE&
8.10 A{^àoaUm Ho$ {bE CÎmaXm¶r H$maH$
ì¶p³V H$m g‘ñV ì¶dhma A{^àoaUm na hr AmYm[aV hmoVm h¡& {ejm à{H«$¶m
H$mo gwMmê$ ê$n go MbmZo Ho$ {bE VWm ~mbH$ H$mo kmZ àmá H$amZo Ho$ {bE Cgo
ào[aV H$aZm A{V Amdí¶H$ h¡& àoaUm {‘bZo go ~mbH$ H$s n‹T>Zo ‘| é{M hmo
OmVr h¡& Om°Z nr. {S>goH$s Zo A{^àoaUm XoZo dmbo Mma H$maH$m| H$m dU©Z {H$¶m
h¡, Omo {ZåZ{b{IV h¢-
 àJʶ A{^àoaUm Ed§ A{YJ‘
1. CÎmoOZm
2. AmH$m§jm
3. àmoËgmhZ
4. XÊS> VWm AZwemgZ
8.10.1 CÎmoOZm
CÎmoOZm ep³V àXmZ H$aVr h¡ naÝVw {ZX}eZ Zht àXmZ H$aVr& O¡go- {H$gr
‘erZ H$mo Mmby H$a {X¶m OmE naÝVw CgH$m ‘mJ© {ZpíMV Zht {H$¶m OmE&
CÎmoOZm ì¶p³V H$s g{H«$¶Vm Ho$ {bE Amdí¶H$ KQ>H$ ‘mZm OmVm h¡&
CÎmoOZm Ho$ VrZ ñVa hmoVo h¢-
www.praganya.org
1. CÀM ñVa
2. ‘ܶ ñVa
3. {ZåZ ñVa
ì¶p³V H$mo CÎmoOZm Xmo òmoVm| go {‘bVr h¡-
1. AmÝV[aH$ CÎmoOZm òmoV - emar[aH$ ê$n go emar[aH$ Amdí¶H$VmAm|
H$s gÝVwpîQ> Ho$ {bE ì¶p³V g{H«$¶ hmoVm h¡& ì¶p³V ñd^md go hr
g{H«$¶ hmoVm h¡& AmÝV[aH$ ¶moOZm ñÌmoV emar[aH$ {ZåZ ñVa H$s
Amdí¶H$VmAm| go boH$a CÀM ñVa H$s Amdí¶H$VmAm| VH$ hmoVm h¡&
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2. ~mø CÎmoOZm òmoV - gm‘mݶV¶m dmVmdaU go ì¶p³V H$mo CÎmoOZm
{‘bVr h¡& dmVmdaU Ho$ VÎd CÔrnZ H$m H$m¶© H$aVo h¢& dmVmdaU
H$s ZdrZVm ^r ~mbH$m| H$mo ào[aV H$aVr h¡& ZragVm H$mo Xÿa H$aZo
Ho$ {bE n[adV©Z VWm dmVmdaU H$s ZdrZVm Amdí¶H$ hmoVr h¡&
CËgwH$Vm VWm CÎmoOZm XmoZmo§ hr ^mdZm Ho$ ñVa H$mo CR>mZo ‘|
ghm¶H$ hmoVo h¢& CÎmoOZm ‘| ^mdwH$Vm H$s ‘mÌm A{YH$ hmoVr h¡&
CÎmoOZm H$m N>mÌ H$s {Zîn{Îm¶m| go YZmË‘H$ gh-gå~ÝY hmoVm h¡&
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àmÊmr H$mo A{YH$m{YH$ Hw$ebVmnyd©H$ H$m¶© H$aZo Ho$ {bE ‘ܶ ñVa H$s
OmJê$H$Vm n¶m©á hmoVr h¡& dh A{YH$Va hëHo$ CÔrnZm| H$mo J«hU H$aVm h¡ VWm
VoO CÔrnZm| go ~MZm MmhVm h¡& g§b½Z dH«$ go ¶h ñnîQ> hmoVm h¡ {H$ ñ‘aU
H$aZm, Omo‹S>Zo H$s g‘ñ¶mAm| H$mo hb H$aZm VWm Ajam| H$mo ¶mX H$aZm Am{X
{H«$¶mAm| ‘| ‘ܶ ñVa H$s OmJê$H$Vm Hw$ebVmnyd©H$ hmoVr h¡&
CÎmoOZm Ho$ {bE {ejH$ H$m H$m¶©
{ejU ‘| CÎmoOZm go VmËn¶© N>mÌm| H$s g{H«$¶Vm Ho$ gm‘mݶ ñVa go h¡& {ejH$
Ho$ g‘j N>mÌm| Ho$ {bE CÎmoOZm H$s g‘ñ¶m AmVr h¡& N>mÌm| H$s {Zîn{Îm Cgr
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
n¥îR> 139
g‘¶ AÀN>r hmoVr h¡, O~{H$ N>mÌ Z A{YH$ ^mdwH$ Am¡a Z A{YH$ gwñV
hmoVm h¡& {ejH$ H$m H$m¶© N>mÌm| H$mo g{H«$¶ aIZm h¡& H$jm H$s X¡{ZH$ {H«$¶mAm|
H$s ZragVm H$mo H$‘ H$aZo Ho$ {bE N>mÌm| H$mo CÎmo{OV H$aZm Mm{hE& A‘yV©
àH$aU H$mo CXmhaUm| H$s ghm¶Vm go ñnîQ> H$aZm Mm{hE& AkmV àH$aU H$mo
gmÑí¶ AZw^d H$s ghm¶Vm go ~moYJå¶ ~ZmZm Mm{hE& CÎmoOZm Ho$ H$m¶© H$m
AW© {ejH$ Ho$ {bE N>mÌm| H$mo grIZo ‘| g§b½Z aIZo VWm g{H«$¶ ~ZmZo hoVw
à¶ËZ H$aZm h¡& BgHo$ {bE {ejH$ H$mo AÝdofU VWm ~oZ-ñQ>m°aq‘J {d{Y¶m|
H$mo àñVwV H$aZm Mm{hE& N>mÌm| Ho$ nyd© ì¶dhma Ho$ AmYma na {ejH$ CZH$s
Amdí¶H$VmZwgma CÎmoOZm ñVa H$‘ VWm A{YH$ H$a gH$Vm h¡&
8.10.2 AmH$m§jm
{H$gr H$m¶© Ho$ {bE h‘ {H$VZr Anojm H$aVo h¢ Am¡a {H$VZm dmñVd ‘| H$a nmVo
h¢, ¶h AÝVa h‘| CÎmo{OV H$aVm h¡& ¶h CÎmoOZm àXmZ H$aZo H$m EH$ òmoV
^r ‘mZm OmVm h¡&
AZwXoeZ Ho$ CÔoí¶ ^r AmH$m§jm H$m H$m¶© H$aVo h¢& BZgo {ejH$ H$m
{deof gå~ÝY ahVm h¡, naÝVw {ejH$ H$mo N>mÌm| H$s AmH$m§jmAm| VWm ‘yë¶m| H$mo
ܶmZ ‘| aIZm Mm{hE&
N>mÌ {Og ep³V go AZwXoeZ CÔoí¶m| H$mo nmZo H$m à¶mg H$aVm h¡ dhr
CgH$s AmH$m§jm VWm ep³V- gÝVwbZ H$m n[aUm‘ hmoVm h¡& Bg àH$ma N>mÌ
{Og àoaH$ H$mo nmZm MmhVm h¡& Cggo CgH$s AmH$m§jm VWm ep³V gÝVwbZ
H$m nVm MbVm h¡& ~«yZ Ho$ AZwgma-
AmH$m§jm EH$ j{UH$ {dídmg hmoVm h¡ {H$ EH$ {deof {H«$¶m Ho$ H$aZo go EH$ {deof
n[aUm‘ {ZH$boJm&
AmH$m§jm VWm à˶jrH$aU ‘| AÝVa CÎmoOZm òmoV H$m H$m¶© H$aVm h¡&
AÝVa Ho$ AmH$ma H$mo N>mÌ H$s ^mdZm {ZYm©[aV H$aVr h¡& A{YH$ AÝVa hmoZo
na AgÝVwpîQ> H$s ^mdZm {dH${gV hmoVr h¡ Am¡a H$‘ AÝVa hmoZo na àgÝZVm
H$m AZw^d H$aVm h¡& {Zîn{Îm A{^àoaUm Bgr H$m n[aUm‘ hmoVm h¡&
AmH$m§jm Ho$ {bE {ejH$ H$m H$m¶©
{ejH$ H$m ‘w»¶ H$m¶© N>mÌm| H$s AmH$m§jmAm| H$mo ~XbZm h¡, {Oggo dh
AZwXoeZ CÔoí¶m| H$s àm{á H$a gHo$& N>mÌm| H$s VËH$mbrZ AmH$m§jm H$mo ApÝV‘
AmH$m§jm go gå~{ÝV H$aZm Mm{hE, {Oggo N>mÌ grIZo ‘| nyU©V… g§b½Z hmo
gH|$& AmH$m§jmE± nyd©-AZw^dm| VWm {Zîn[Îm¶m| na AmYm[aV hmoVr h¢& {ejH$ H$m
H$Îm©ì¶ hmoVm h¡ {H$ H$jm Ho$ AmH$m§jm ñVa H$mo D$±Mm CR>m¶o, ³¶m|{H$ AmH$m§jm
ñVa hr {Zîn{Îm ñVa Ho$ {bE CÎmaXm¶r ‘mZm OmVm h¡, BgHo$ {bE {ejH$ H$mo
N>mÌm| H$s AmH$m§jm ‘| n[adV©Z bmZm Mm{hE, V^r dh AZwXoeZ CÔoí¶m| H$s àm{á
H$aZo ‘| g’$b hmo gH$Vm h¡&
8.10.3 àmoËgmhZ
àmoËgmhZ dmñVd ‘| ‘mZd OrdZ H$m bú¶ hmoVm h¡& hb VWm ñnoÝg H$m ‘V h¡
{H$ àmUr H$s {H«$¶mAm| H$mo bú¶ AWdm àmoËgmhZ Ûmam ào[aV {H$¶m Om gH$Vm
h¡& Ord Omo ^r {H«$¶mE± H$aVm h¡ CZ‘| Hw$N> Z Hw$N> nmZm MmhVm h¡& {OVZm hr
àmoËgmhZ H$m AmH$ma ~‹S>m hmoVm h¡ CVZm hr A{YH$ àoaUm {‘bVr h¡& ì¶p³V
 n¥îR> 140 A{^àoaUm Ed§ A{YJ‘
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
Ho$ H$m¶© H$s ep³V àmoËgmhZ H$s àH¥${V go à^m{dV hmoVr h¡&
àmoËgmhZ Ho$ {bE {ejH$ H$m H$m¶©
{ejH$ H$m H$Îm©ì¶ ¶h h¡ {H$ N>mÌm| H$s AZw{H«$¶mAm| H$mo Bg àH$ma nwZ~©bZ
àXmZ H$ao {Oggo dh AZwXoeZ H$o CÔoí¶m| H$s àm{á H$a gHo$, BgHo$ {bE
àe§gm, CËgmhdY©Z, narjm’$b, à{V¶mo{JVm Am{X H$mo à¶w³V H$aZm Mm{hE&
àe§gm H$aZo go N>mÌm| H$m {Zîn{Îm ñVa D$±Mm CR>Vm h¡&
narjm’$b n¥îR>nmofU Ho$ {bE A{YH$ à^mdembr ‘mZm OmVm h¡&
narjm’$b ‘| Amem go A{YH$ A§H$ nmZo na Cg {df¶ H$mo grIZo Ho$ {bE
àoaUm {‘bVr h¡ VWm grIZo H$s à{H«$¶m H$s J{V ‘| d¥{Õ ^r hmoVr h¡& {ejH$
H$mo J¥h-H$m¶moª H$m ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$aZo ‘| CZH$m A§H$Z VWm ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$aZm Mm{hE
VWm CÝh| erK« N>mÌm| H$mo dmng bm¡Q>mZm Mm{hE& Bggo A{YJ‘ Ho$ H$m¶moª ‘|
N>mÌm| H$s ê${M ~‹T>Vr h¡&
8.10.4 XÊS> VWm AZwemgZ
XÊS> EH$ CÔrnZ Ho$ g‘mZ hmoVm h¡ {Oggo ì¶p³V ~MZo H$mo à¶mg H$aVm h¡&
XÊS> ì¶dhma H$mo amoH$Zo Ho$ {bE CVZm hr {X¶m OmZm Mm{hE {OVZo go AnZm
CÔoí¶ àmá {H$¶m Om gHo$& XÊS> Ho$ Xmo ê$n hmoVo h¢-
1. Cg ì¶p³V H$mo [X¶m OmE {OgZo JbV ì¶dhma {H$¶m h¡, {Oggo
dh ^{dî¶ ‘| Cg ì¶dhma H$s nwZamd¥{Îm Z H$ao&
2. Aݶ ì¶p³V Ho$ g‘j Bg{bE {X¶m OmVm h¡, {Oggo dh ì¶p³V
^r Eogo ì¶dhma Z H$ao&
XÊS> Ho$ {bE {ejH$ H$m H$m¶©
AܶmnH$ H$mo N>mÌ Ho$ Adm§{N>V ì¶dhmam| H$mo amoH$Zo Ho$ {bE XÊS> {X¶m OmZm
Mm{hE& H$jm AZwemgZ VWm {dÚmb¶ ‘| AZwemgZ aIZo Ho$ {bE XÊS> {X¶m
Om gH$Vm h¡& XÊS> AZwemgZ H$m hr ê$n hmoVm h¡& XÊS> Cg g‘¶ {deof
Cn¶moJr hmoVm h¡ O~{H$-
1. nwañH$ma Ho$ gmW à¶w³V {H$¶m OmE, AÀN>o ì¶dhma H$s àe§gm VWm
Adm§N>Zr¶ ì¶dhmam| Ho$ {bE XÊS> {X¶m OmE&
2. Adm§{N>V ì¶dhma H$m n[aUm‘ j{VnyU© hmo&
3. Adm§{N>V ì¶dhma Ho$ {bE VËH$mb hr XÊS> {X¶m OmE {Oggo, N>mÌ
¶h AZw^d H$a gHo$ {H$ CgH$mo Adm§N>Zr¶ H$m¶© Ho$ H$maU XÊS>
{X¶m J¶m h¡&
pñH$Za Zo XÊS> H$mo ñd¶§ g§doJ Zht ‘mZm h¡, ³¶m|{H$ BgH$m AmYma
^¶ hmoVm h¡& CZH$m gwPmd h¡ {H$ Adm§N>Zr¶ H$m¶moª na ܶmZ Zht XoZm Mm{hE,
³¶m|{H$ XÊS> XoZo na Adm§N>Zr¶ ì¶dhmam| H$mo ~b {‘bVm h¡& N>mÌm| ‘| hrZ^mdZm
H$m {dH$mg hmoVm h¡, {ejH$ Ho$ à{V gX²^mdZm Zht ahVr h¡& AV… BgH$m à¶moJ
H$^r-H$^r hr H$aZm Mm{hE&
8.11 A{YJ‘ ‘| A{^àoaUm H$m ñWmZ
{ejm Ho$ joÌ ‘| A{YJ‘ VWm A{YJ‘ Ho$ joÌ ‘| A{^àoaUm H$m {deof ñWmZ
hmoVm h¡& {H$gr ^r àH$ma H$m A{YJ‘ {~Zm A{^àoaUm Ho$ gå^d Zht hmoVm h¡&
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
àJʶ
Bg gÝX^© ‘| E§S>agZ H$m H$hZm h¡ {H$-
A{YJ‘ A{^àoaUm nmH$a gdm}Îm‘ T>§J go AmJo ~‹T>Vm h¡&
O~{H$ Bg gÝX^© ‘| Wm°‘gZ H$m {dMma h¡ {H$-
A[^àoaUm N>mÌ ‘| ê${M CËnÝZ H$aZo H$s H$bm h¡&
{ejU Ho$ {Z¶moOZ VWm ì¶dñWm H$mo Mmho {H$VZm hr AÀN>m ³¶m| Z
~Zm {b¶m Om¶o, naÝVw O~ VH$ N>mÌm| Ho$ ì¶dhma H$mo A[^ào[aV Zht {H$¶m
OmVm, V~ VH$ A{YJ‘ à{H«$¶m VWm {ejU à{H«$¶m XmoZm| hr AmJo Zht ~‹T>
gH$Vr h¡& AV… N>mÌm| Ho$ ì¶dhma H$mo CËào[aV, àmoËgm{hV Am¡a {ZX}{eV H$aZo
Ho$ {bE AܶmnH$ H$mo A{^àoaUm H$m ghmam boZm n‹S>Vm h¡, {Oggo A{YJ‘
CÔoí¶m| H$mo ^br-^m±{V àmá {H$¶m Om gHo$& ‘mZd Ho$ g‘ñV ì¶dhma Am¡a
{H«$¶mE± àaoUm na hr AmYm[aV hmoVr h¡& {ejm H$s à{H«$¶m ^r àoaUm Ho$ {~Zm
gå^d Zht hmo gH$Vr h¡& Bg àoaUm H$s ‘hÎmm na àH$me S>mbVo hþE H¡$br Zo
H$hm h¡ {H$-
A{^àoaUm A{YJ‘ à{H«$¶m Ho$ C{MV ì¶dñWmnZ ‘| Ho$ÝÐr¶ H$maH$ hmoVm h¡& {H$gr
àH$ma H$s ^r A{^àoaUm g^r A{YJ‘ ‘| Adí¶ CnpñWV ahZr Mm{hE&
³bmg{‘¶a d JwS>{dZ Zo {bIm h¡-
grIZo Ho$ {bE àoaUm H$m ‘hÎd {Zñg§Xoh ê$n go gmYmaUV… ñdrH$ma {H$¶m OmVm
h¡&
¶h CÕaU Bg {dMma H$m g‘W©Z H$aVm h¡ {H$ grIZo H$s à{H«$¶m
‘| àoaUm Ho$ ‘hÎdnyU© ñWmZ Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘| ‘V-{d{^ÝZVm Zht hmo gH$Vr h¡&
àoaUm, grIZo H$m ‘hÎdnyU© A§J h¡& àoaUmhrZ {H«$¶m Ho$ grIZo ‘| ì¶p³V ê${M
Zhr boVm& grIZo ‘| àoaUm H$m ‘hÎd Bg àH$ma h¡-
1. ~mbH$ Ho$ ì¶dhma ‘| n[adV©Z
{ejH$ àe§gm, {ZÝXm, nwañH$ma, ^Ëg©Zm Am{X H¥${Ì‘ àoaH$m| H$m ~w{Õ‘mZr go
à¶moJ H$aHo$ ~mbH$m| Ho$ ì¶dhma H$mo {ZX}{eV Am¡a n[ad{V©V H$a gH$Vm h¡&
2. M[aÌ-{Z‘m©U ‘| ghm¶Vm
{ejH$, ~mbH$m| H$mo CÎm‘ JwUm| Am¡a AmXemoª H$mo àmá H$aZo Ho$ {bE ào[aV H$a
gH$Vm h¡& Bg àH$ma, dh CZHo$ M[aÌ-{Z‘m©U ‘| ghm¶Vm Xo gH$Vm h¡&
3. ܶmZ Ho$pÝÐV H$aZo ‘| ghm¶Vm
H«$mo Ed§ H«$mo Ho$ AZwgma-
{ejH$, ~mbH$m| H$mo ào[aV H$aHo$, CÝh| AnZo ܶmZ H$mo nmR>²¶-{df¶ na Ho$pÝÐV
H$aZo ‘| ghm¶Vm Xo gH$Vm h¡&
4. ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg
H«$mo d H«$mo Ho$ eãXm| ‘|-
àoaH$, N>mÌ H$mo AnZr grIZo H$s {H«$¶mAm| ‘| àmoËgmhZ XoVo h¢&
AV… {ejH$, àoaH$m| H$m à¶moJ H$aHo$ N>mÌm| H$mo kmZ H$m AO©Z H$aZo
Ho$ {bE àmoËgm{hV H$a gH$Vm h¡& Bg àH$ma, dh CZHo$ ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg ‘|
Anyd© ¶moJ Xo gH$Vm h¡&
 àJʶ
5. ê${M H$m {dH$mg
Wm°‘gZ Ho$ AZwgma-
àoaUm, N>mÌ ‘| ê${M CËnÝZ H$aZo H$s H$bm h¡&
AV… {ejH$, àoaUm H$m à¶moJ H$aHo$ ~mbH$m| ‘| H$m¶© ¶m Aܶ¶Z Ho$
à{V ê${M H$m {dH$mg H$a gH$Vm h¡& Bg àH$ma, dh CZHo$ {bE kmZ àmá H$aZo
H$m H$m¶© gab ~Zm gH$Vm h¡&
6. AZwemgZ H$s ^mdZm H$m {dH$mg
{ejH$, ~mbH$m| H$mo AÀN>o H$m¶© H$aZo Ho$ {bE ào[aV H$a gH$Vm h¡& Bg àH$ma,
dh CZ‘| AZwemgZ H$s ^mdZm H$m {dH$mg H$aHo$ AZwemgZhrZVm H$s g‘ñ¶m
H$m g‘mYmZ H$a gH$Vm h¡&
7. gm‘m{OH$ JwUm| H$m {dH$mg
{ejH$, ~mbH$m| H$mo gm‘wXm{¶H$ H$m¶m] ‘| ^mJ boZo Ho$ {bE ào[aV H$aHo$ CZ‘|
gm‘wXm{¶H$ ^mdZm Am¡a gm‘m{OH$ JwUm| H$m {dH$mg H$a gH$Vm h¡& Bg àH$ma,
dh CZH$mo g‘mO Ho$ AÀN>o Am¡a Cn¶moJr gXñ¶ ~ZZo H$m à{ejU Xo gH$Vm h¡&
8. A{YH$ kmZ H$m AO©Z
H«$mo Ed§ H«$mo Ho$ AZwgma-
{ejH$ ~mbH$m| ‘| à{V¶mo{JVm H$s ^mdZm H$m {dH$mg H$aHo$, CÝh| A{YH$ kmZ H$m
AO©Z H$aZo Ho$ {bE àoaUm àXmZ H$a gH$Vm h¡&
9. Vrd« J{V go kmZ H$m AO©Z
{ejH$ CÎm‘ {ejU {d{Y¶m| H$m à¶moJ H$aHo$ ~mbH$m| H$mo Vrd« J{V go kmZ H$m
AO©Z H$aZo Ho$ {bE ào[aV H$a gH$Vm h¡&
10. ì¶[³VJV {d{^ÝZVmAm| Ho$ AZwgma àJ{V
àoaH$, ì¶p³V H$mo Cg {H«$¶m H$mo MwZZo ‘| ghm¶Vm XoVo h¢, {Ogo H$aZo H$s
CgH$s BÀN>m hmoVr h¡& AV… {ejH$ C{MV àoaH$m| H$m à¶moJ H$aHo$, ~mbH$m§o§ H$mo
AnZr BÀN>mZwgma H$m¶© ¶m {df¶ H$m MwZmd H$aZo ‘| ¶moJ Xo gH$Vm h¡& Bg
àH$ma, dh CZH$mo AnZr ì¶p³VJV {d{^ÝZVmAm| Ho$ AZwgma àJ{V H$aZo H$m
Adga Xo gH$Vm h¡&
no«aUm, {ejm H$s à{H«$¶m H$m ‘w»¶ AmYma Am¡a grIZo H$m Eogm
ep³Vembr gmYZ h¡, {OgH$m à¶moJ H$aHo$ {ejH$, ~mbH$m| H$mo CZHo$ gmܶ
VH$ nhþ±Mm gH$Vm h¡, CZH$s {H«$¶mAm| H$mo {H$gr ^r {Xem ‘| ‘mo‹S> gH$Vm h¡
CZHo$ ì¶dhma ‘| dm§N>Zr¶ n[adV©Z H$a gH$Vm h¡& Bgr{bE, Hw$ßnyñdm‘r Zo
{bIm h¡-
h‘mao {dÚmb¶ ‘| grIZo Ho$ {bE dmñV{dH$ Am¡a ñWm¶r àoaH$m| H$mo àXmZ {H$E OmZo
Ho$ à¶mg H$s Amdí¶H$Vm h¡&
8.12 A{^àoaUm ‘| {ejH$ Ho$ H$m¶©
A[YJ‘ H$s à{H«$¶m H$mo ge³V Ed§ à^mdembr ~ZmZo Ho$ {b¶o {ejH$ H$s
^y{‘H$m ‘hÎdnyU© hmo OmVr h¡& grIZo H$s {H«$¶m ‘| {ejU VWm A{YJ‘, XmoZm|
em{‘b hmoVo h¢& {ejH$ {gImVm h¡, N>mÌ grIVo h¢& N>mÌ Cg g‘¶ A{YH$
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
A{^àoaUm Ed§ A{YJ‘ n¥îR> 141
ê${M VWm J{V go grIVo h¢ O~ CÝh| AܶZ àoaUm XoVm h¡& ¶h àoaUm nwañH$ma
VWm XÊS>, XmoZm| àH$ma go Xr Om gH$Vr h¡& {ejH$ H$mo N>mÌm| ‘o§ grIZo H$s J{V
H$mo Vrd« VWm à^mdembr ~ZmZo Ho$ {b¶o ¶o A{^àoaUmË‘H$ H$m¶© H$aZo Mm{hE -
1. {ejH$ H$mo Mm{h¶o {H$ dh N>mÌm| H$mo A{^ào[aV H$aZo Ho$ {b¶o CÝh|
ZdrZ kmZ H$s àm{á Ho$ {b¶o àomËgmhZ Xo, Cgo {ejU gm‘J«r Ho$
CÔoí¶ ñnîQ> hmoZo Mm{h¶o& N>mÌm| ‘| {Z{hV JwUm| H$s nhMmZ H$aZm
Amdí¶H$ h¡&
2. {ejH$ H$mo Mm{h¶o {H$ dh N>mÌm| H$mo A{^àoaUm XoVo g‘¶ CZHo$
d¡¶p³VH$ JwUm| na ܶmZ Xo&
3. N>mÌm| ‘| g‘m[OH$Vm Ho$ JwUm| H$mo {dH${gV H$a CÝh| bú¶ àm{á H$s
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Amoa AJ«ga {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡&
4. {ejH$, N>mÌm| H$mo àoaUm XoH$a CZHo$ ì¶dhma H$mo {ZX}{eV H$aVm h¡&
bú¶ àm{á Ho$ {b¶o N>mÌm| H$mo {ZaÝVa ào[aV {H$¶m OmZm Amdí¶H$
h¡&
5. N>mÌm| H$mo ‘mJ©Xe©Z XoH$a CZHo$ OrdZ H$m bú¶ {ZYm©[aV H$a
gH$Vm h¡&
6. {ejH$, N>mÌm| H$s Amdí¶H$VmAm| H$mo g‘P H$a, CÝho§ CZH$s ny{V©
hoVw àoaUm Xo gH$Vm h¡&
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7. {ejH$, N>mÌm| ‘| A{^àoaUm Ho$ Ûmam CÎmoOZm H$aVm h¡& Bggo Cg‘|
ep³V g§Mma hmoVm h¡& ¶h ep³V N>mÌm| ‘| CËgmh ^aVr h¡&
8. A{^àoaUm àXmZ H$a N>mÌm| ‘| ê${M H$mo {dH${gV {H$¶m Om gH$Vm
h¡&
9. A{^ào[aV ì¶dhma ‘| AZwemgZ H$m {dH$mg hmoVm h¡& AÀN>r AmXVm|
H$m {dH$mg {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡&
10. A{^àoaUm Ho$ Ûmam N>mÌm| ‘| kmZ àm{á VWm H$m¡eb H$mo grIZo H$s
BÀN>m CËnÝZ H$s Om gH$Vr h¡&
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11. {ejH$, ~mbH$m| H$mo M[aÌ {Z‘m©U H$s {ejm A{^àoaUm Ho$ Ûmam Xo
gH$Vm h¡&
{ejH$, ¶{X A{^àoaUm H$m ghr Cn¶moJ H$ao Vmo dh {ejU H$s {H«$¶m
H$mo A[YH$ ‘hÎdnyU© ~Zm gH$Vm h& dh N>mÌm| Ho$ AÝXa CZ ep³V¶m| H$mo OÝ‘
Xo gH$Vm h¡ Omo ì¶p³V, g‘wXm¶ VWm g‘mO Ho$ {Z‘m©U ‘§o ghm¶H$ hmo gH$Vr
h¡& g§Kf©, AÝVÛ©ÝX, VWm bú¶ H$s Amoa AZwgaU Ûmam dh {ejU-A{YJ‘
H$mo ge³V ~Zm gH$Vm h¡&
8.13 A{^àoaUm H$m {ejm ‘| Cn¶moJ
A{^àoaUm H$m {ejm ‘| A˶ÝV ‘hÎd h¡& ~mbH$ H$mo àe§gm Ed§ Xmof, ñdrH¥${V
Ed§ AñdrH¥${V Ho$ ‘ܶ AZoH$ H$m¶© H$aZo n‹S>Vo h¢& A{^àoaUm Ho$ Ûmam A{YJ‘
Ed§ ì¶dhma n[adV©Z Ho$ AmYma na g¡ÕmpÝVH$ ê$n ‘| Omo {dMma {H$¶m J¶m,
CgHo$ ì¶mdhm[aH$ nj na e¡{jH$ ÑpîQ> go {dMma H$a|, Vmo-
1. {ejH$ H$mo Mm{hE {H$ dh {dÚm{W©¶m| H$s {H«$¶mAm| AWm©V² ì¶dhma
H$mo ~XbZo H$s Anojm CZH$s ^mdZmAm| H$mo ~XbZo H$m à¶mg H$ao&
2. H$jm ‘| H$^r ^r H$moB© Eogr ~mV Z H$h| {Oggo {dÚm{W©¶m| ‘| hrZ
^mdZmE± CËnÝZ hm|&
 n¥îR> 142 A{^àoaUm Ed§ A{YJ‘ àJʶ
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
3. {dÚmWu gå‘mZ MmhVo h¢, CÝh| gå‘mZ {X¶m OmE&
4. CZH$s {OZ Amdí¶H$VmAm| H$s ny{V© H$a gH$Vo h¢, CZH$s ny{V© H$aZo
Aä¶mgmW© àíZ
H$m à¶mg {H$¶m OmE&
5. àe§gm, nwañH$ma, ^Ëg©Zm Ed§ XÊS> Am{X H$mo H$^r ^r AnZo {ejU
H$m A§J Z ~Zm¶m OmE, AWm©V² BZH$m Cn¶moJ V^r {H$¶m OmE O~ 1. A{^àoaU go VmËn¶© hmoVm h¡-
Amdí¶H$Vm n‹S>o& (1) ì¶dhma ‘| n[adV©Z go
6. [dÚm{W©¶m| ‘| ^mdZm n[adV©Z H$s ÑpîQ> go CZ JwUm| H$m AZwgaU (2) ‘Zmod¥{Îm n[adV©Z go
ñd¶§ ^r {H$¶m OmE {OZH$s Anojm h‘ AnZo {dÚm{W©¶m| go H$aVo h¢& (3) EH$ AmÝV[aH$ ~b go, Omo ì¶p³V Ho$ ì¶dhma H$mo EH$ {ZpíMV {Xem
7. nwañH$ma Ed§ àe§gm H$s Ad{Y bå~r hmo AWm©V² OëXr-OëXr ¶m àXmZ H$aVm h¡&
~ma-~ma àe§gm H$aZm VWm nwañH$ma XoZm ^r R>rH$ Zht& (4) EH$ Eogo AmÝV[aH$ ~b go, Omo ì¶p³V Ho$ ì¶dhma H$mo {N>ÝZ-{^ÝZ H$a
8. {dÚm{W©¶m| H$s ^mdZmAm| H$m H$^r ^r X‘Z Z {H$¶m OmE& XoVm h¡&
9. XÊS> Am¡a ^Ëg©Zm H$m V^r à¶moJ {H$¶m OmE O~ CËào[aV H$aZo H$m
2. grIZo H$s à{H«$¶m ‘| A{^àoaUm-
H$moB© Aݶ CËàoaH$ H$m‘ Z H$ao VWm dh ^r Ho$db {Z¶‘ {dê$Õ (1) {ejm{W©¶m| H$s ñ‘aU ep³V H$mo n¡Zm ~ZmVr h¡&
H$m¶moª H$mo amoH$Zo Ho$ {bE& (2) {nN>bo grIo hþE H$mo Z¶o A{YJ‘ go AbJ H$aVr h¡&
10. àe§gm Ed§ nwañH$ma g‘yh ‘| g^r Ho$ gm‘Zo {X¶o OmE Am¡a ^Ëg©Zm (3) {ejm{W©¶m| H$mo EH$ {Xem ‘| gmoMZo ¶mo½¶ ~ZmVr h¡&
¶m XÊS> AHo$bo ‘|& (4) [ejm{W©¶m| ‘| grIZo Ho$ à{V ê${M H$m {dH$mg H$aVr h¡&
11. {dÚm{W©¶m| H$mo CËào[aV H$aVo g‘¶ CZH$s Am¶w Ed§ qbJ H$m ܶmZ
Adí¶ aIm OmE& g~Ho$ gmW AbJ-AbJ CËàoaH$ H$m¶© H$a|Jo& 3. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| goo A{^àoaUm MH«$ Ho$ g§KQ>H$m| H$m ghr H«$‘ h¡-
12. XÊS> ^r XoZm hmo Vmo emar[aH$ ¶m Am{W©H$ XÊS> Z XoH$a n‹T>Zo ¶m H$m¶© (1) àmoËgmhZMmbZAmdí¶H$Vm
H$aZo Ho$ ê$n ‘| {X¶m OmE& (2) MmbZAmdí¶H$VmàmoËgmhZ
13. ~mø CËàoaH$m| H$m à¶moJ H$‘ go H$‘ Am¡a AmÝV[aH$ CËàoaH$m| H$m (3) Amdí¶H$VmMmbZàmoËgmhZ
Cn¶moJ A{YH$ go A{YH$ {H$¶m OmE& (4) Amdí¶H$VmàmoËgmhZMmbZ
14. gm‘y{hH$ ~mVm| H$mo g^r go Am¡a d¡¶p³VH$ ~mVm| H$mo gå~pÝYV
4. A{^àoaUm EH$-
{dÚmWu go hr H$hm OmE& (1) d¡km{ZH$ {dMmaYmam h¡&
15. AÝV ‘|, {dÚm{W©¶m| Ho$ gmW gX¡d {Zînj ì¶dhma {H$¶m OmE& (2) ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ {dMmaYmam h¡&
(3) ñdm^m{dH$ {dMmaYmam h¡&
******* (4) ^m¡{VH$dmXr dñVw h¡&

àJʶ àH$meZ Ûmam CTET Ed§ à˶oH$ amÁ¶ Ho$ TET (UPTET, MP 5. A{^àoaUm A{YJ‘ H$m h¡-
Samvida, BTET, UTET, JTET, HTET, CGTET, HPTET) (1) ‘w»¶ A§J (2) ghm¶H$ A§J
Ho$ {bE ‘m°S>b nona H$s ’«$s PDF àH$m{eV H$s OmVr h¡& ‘m°S>b nona H$s ’«$s (3) H$moB© A§J Zht (4) H$m¶©
PDF àmá H$aZo Ho$ {bE {ZåZ{b{IV Whatsapp No. AnZo H$m°boO Ho$
6. A{^àoaU H$m EH$ ‘w»¶ VÎd h¡-
³bmg J«wn ¶m H$moqMJ Ho$ ³bmg Jw«n ¶m Aݶ ñQ>S>r Jw«n ‘| Om|S>o& AmnHo$ J«wn ‘|
(1) à˶jU (2) g§doJ
‘m°S>b nona ^ooO {XE OmE±J|& (3) {MÝVZ (4) AÝVZm}X

UPTET - 95301 43210 7. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgm VÎd ~mø A{^àoaUm ‘| ghm¶H$ Zht h¡?
MP Samvida - 95302 43210 (1) nwañH$ma (2) AmXe©
BTET - 95302 43210 (3) àe§gm (4) {ZÝXm
UTET - 72209 29294
JTET - 72209 29239 8. àoaUm {H$gH$s ì¶m»¶m H$aVr h¡?
HTET - 72209 29266 (1) ì¶dhma ³¶m h¡ (2) ì¶dhma Ho$ à^md
CGTET - 72209 28969
(3) ì¶dhma ³¶m| K{Q>V hmoVm h¡ (4) Cnamo³V ‘| go H$moB© Zht
HPTET - 72209 28535

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
(3) (4) (3) (2) (2) (4) (4) (3)

~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
 àJʶ A{^àoaUm Ed§ A{YJ‘ n¥îR> 143

9. 6 go 10 df© H$s AdñWm ‘| ~mbH$ ê${M boZm àmaå^ H$aVo h¢- 19. A{^àoaUm H$m àíZ ³¶m| H$m àíZ h¡& ¶h H$WZ h¡-
(1) Y‘© ‘| (2) ‘mZd eara ‘| (1) {hbJmS>© H$m (2) H«o$M d H«$M’«$sëS> H$m
(3) ¶m¡Z gå~ÝYm| ‘| (4) {dÚmb¶ ‘| (3) dwS>dW© H$m (4) pñH$Za H$m

10. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go OÝ‘OmV A{^àoaH$ H$m¡Zgm h¡? 20. ........... H$mo EH$ A{^ào[aV {ejU H$m g§Ho$VH$ ‘mZm OmVm h¡&
(1) {ZÐm (2) IobZm (1) H$jm ‘| A{YH$V‘ CnpñW{V
(3) àe§gm (4) H«$moY (2) {ejH$ Ûmam {X¶o J¶o CnMmamË‘H$ H$m¶©
(3) {dÚm{W©¶m| Ûmam àíZ nyN> Zo
11. A{^àoaUm H$s ì¶m»¶m OÝ‘OmV ‘yb àd¥{Îm¶m| Ho$ AmYma na H$s Om (4) H$jm ‘| EH$X‘ Im‘moer
gH$Vr h¡& ¶h {H$gZo H$hm h¡?
(1) ‘¡³Sy>Jb Zo (2) H$Q>© bo{dZ Zo 21. ~mbH$m| H$mo A{^àoaU àXmZ H$aZo hoVw CÎm‘ Cnm¶ h¡-

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(3) ’«$m¶S> Zo (4) pñH$Za Zo (1) AÀN>m ì¶m»¶mZ XoZm
(2) A{^^mdH$m| go {eH$m¶V H$aZm
12. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgm OÝ‘OmV àoaH$ Zht h¡? (3) ZdmMmam| H$m à¶moJ
(1) ^yI (2) ߶mg (4) BZ‘o§ go H$moB© Zht
(3) AmXV (4) {ZÐm
22. O~ A{YJ‘ H$aZo dmbo ‘| ñd¶§ hr A{YJ‘ H$m¶© na A{YH$ma àmá
13. N>mÌm| H$mo ào[aV H$aZo ‘| Ah‘ ^y{‘H$m h¡- H$aVo hþE VZmd CËnÝZ hmoVm h¡, ¶h pñW{V H$hbmVr h¡-
(1) {ejH$-N>mÌ dmVm© H$s (1) ‘ܶ A{^àoaUm (2) AmÝV[aH$ A{^àoaUm
(2) {ejH$ Ho$ AmXe© ì¶dhma H$s
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(3) ~mø A{^àoaUm (4) Cn¶w©³V ‘| go H$moB© Zht

(3) {ejH$ Ho$ CnXoe H$s
(4) g‘¶ na nwañH$ma Ed§ XÊS> H$s 23. A{^àoaUm go gå~pÝYV AdYmZ Zht h¡-
(1) ~w{Õ (2) A{^j‘Vm
14. Amn AnZr àe§gm na- (3) gm‘m{OH$ A¶mo½¶Vm (4) A{^d¥{Îm
(1) àgÝZ hmo OmVo h¢&
(2) AmnH$m {ga Jd© go D±$Mm hmo OmVm h¡& 24. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgr {deofVm AmÝV[aH$ ê$n go A{^ào[aV ~ÀMm|
(3) Amn na {deof ’$H©$ Zht n‹S>Vm& Ho$ {bE ghr Zht h¡?
(4) AnZo H$m‘ H$mo Am¡a AÀN>o VarHo$ go H$aVo h¢& (1) CÝh| H$m¶© H$aZo ‘| AmZÝX AmVm h¡&
(2) do H$m¶© H$aVo g‘¶ CÀM ñVa H$s D$Om© àX{e©V H$aVo h¢&
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15. àoaUm H$m ñÌmoV Zht h¡- (3) do MwZm¡Vr ^ao H$m¶m] H$mo ngÝX H$aVo h¢&
(1) MmbH$ (2) CÛrnZ (4) do h‘oem g’$b hmoVo h¢&
(3) àoaH$ (4) ^moOZ
25. A{^àoaUm Ho$ {gÕmÝVm| Ho$ AZwgma, EH$ {ejH$ ........... Ho$ Ûmam
16. A{^àoaUm go CËnÝZ {H«$¶merbVm hr grIZo Ho$ {bE CÎmaXm¶r hmoVr grIZo H$mo g§d{Õ©V H$a gH$Vm h¡&
h¡& ¶h H$WZ h¡- (1) {dÚm{W©¶m| go dmñV{dH$ AnojmE± aIZo
(1) {~Zo H$m (2) S>Jbg H$m (2) AnojmAm| H$m EH$ê$n ñVa aIZo
(3) dr. E’$. pñH$Za H$m (4) BZ‘| go H$moB© Zht (3) {dÚm{W©¶m| go {H$gr àH$ma H$s AnojmE± Z aIZo
(4) {dÚm{W©¶m| go ~hþV CÀM AnojmE± aIZo
17. àoaUm hmoVr h¡-
(1) gH$mamË‘H$ (2) ZH$mamË‘H$ 26. EH$ {dÚmWu ‘o{S>H$b H$m°boO ‘§o Xm{Ibm boZo Ho$ {bE H${R>Z n[al‘
(3) ^mdmË‘H$ (4) 1 Am¡a 2 XmoZm|
H$aVm h¡, Vm{H$ dh àdoe narjm ‘| CÎmrU© hmo gHo$& ¶h {dÚmWu
18. {ZåZm§{H$V ‘| go H$m¡Zgm A{^àoaU ‘| em{‘b Zht h¡? ............ ê$n go A[^ào[aV h¡&
(1) Amdí¶H$Vm (2) àUmoX (1) d¡¶p³VH$ (2) AmZw^{dH$
(3) ê${M (4) BÝgopÝQ>d (3) AmÝV[aH$ (4) ~mø

9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26.
(4) (1) (1) (3) (3) (4) (4) (3) (4) (3) (2) (3) (3) (2) (3) (4) (1) (3)

~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
 n¥îR> 144 A{^àoaUm Ed§ A{YJ‘ àJʶ
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
27. ‘mo{hV H$mo ~ÀMm| H$mo n‹T>mZm AÀN>m bJVm h¡, Bg{bE dh ~r.ES>. H$s 34. ‘mñbmo Ho$ Amdí¶H$VmZwgma nXmZwH«$‘ {gÕmÝV Ho$ AZwgma H$m¡Zgr
àdoe narjm Ho$ {bE Iy~ ‘ohZV H$aVm h¡& ‘mo{hV ........... A{^ào[aV h¡& Amdí¶H$Vm g~go AÝV ‘| nyar hmoVr h¡?
(1) AmÝV[aH$ ê$n go (2) ~mø ê$n go (1) gå‘mZ (2) AmË‘-¶WmW©Vm
(3) g{H«$¶ ê$n go (4) ~m¡{ÕH$ ê$n go (3) gwajm (4) gm‘m{OH$

28. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgm grIZo Ho$ {bE A{YH$V‘ ê$n go A{^ào[aV 35. ‘mñbmo Ho$ AZwgma, {ZåZ{b{IV àoaUmAm| ‘| g~go A{YH$ ep³Vembr
H$aVm h¡? àaoUmE± H$m¡Zgr h¢?
(1) ~hþV gab ¶m H${R>Z bú¶m§o H$m M¶Z H$aZo H$s àd¥{Îm (1) X¡{hH$ Amdí¶H$VmE± (2) ì¶p³VJV gm‘m{OH$
(2) bú¶m| H$mo àmá H$aZo ‘| ì¶p³VJV gÝVwpîQ> (3) A{O©V àoaUmE± (4) gm‘mݶ gm‘m{OH$
(3) ~mø H$maH$
(4) Ag’$bVm go ~MZo Ho$ {bE A[^àoaU 36. àoaUm H$moB© ^r {deof AmÝV[aH$ H$maH$ AWdm AdñWm h¡, Omo {H«$¶m
H$mo Amaå^ H$aZo AWdm ~ZmE aIZo H$s àd¥{Îm aIVr h¡& ¶h H$WZ
29. AmÝV[aH$ ê$n go A{^ào[aV {dÚmWu- {ZåZ{b{IV ‘o§ go {H$gH$m h¡? ~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m
(1) Ho$ {bE nwañH$ma H$s {~ëHw$b ^r Amdí¶H$Vm Zht h¡& (1) Ama. Eg. dwS>dW© H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV
(2) Ho$ {bE ~mø nwañH$ma CgH$s A{^àoaUm H$mo ~ZmE aIZo Ho$ {bE n¶m©á {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡ {H$ Bg
(2) Oo. nr. {Jb’$moS>© H$m nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ
Zht h¡& (3) JmS>©Za ‘’$s© H$m àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ>
(3) H$m ~mø ê$n go A{^ào[aV {dÚmWu H$s VwbZm ‘| A{^àoaUm ñVa H$‘ (4) EZ. Eb. EZ H$m www.praganya.org
hmoVm h¡& go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
(4) Ho$ {bE Am¡nMm[aH$ {ejm H$s Amdí¶H$Vm Zht h¡& 37. EH$ àoaUm ì¶p³V H$s EH$ AdñWm AWdm CÝ‘wIVm h¡, Omo {H$ Cgo
Hw$N> ì¶dhma H$aZo VWm Hw$N> bjUm| H$mo ImoOZo H$s Amoa bo OmVr h¡&
30. CnbpãY A{^àoaUm h¡- àoaUm H$s ¶h n[a^mfm {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go {H$gZo Xr h¡?
(1) MwZm¡VrnyU© H$m¶© H$aZo ‘| S>Q>o ahZo H$s àd¥{Îm (1) JmS>©Za ‘’$s© Zo (2) EZ. Eb. EZ. Zo
(2) Ag’$bVm go ~MZo H$s àd¥{Îm (3) Ama.Eg.dwS>dW© Zo (4) Oo. nr. {Jb’$moS>© Zo
(3) g’$bVm d Ag’$bVm H$mo g‘mZ ê$n go ñdrH$ma H$aZo H$s VËnaVm
(4) {~Zm {dMmao, OëX~mOr ‘§o H$m¶© H$aZo H$s àd¥{Îm 38. AÝVZm}X CËnÝZ hmoVm h¡-
(1) àmoËgmhZ go (2) ^yI go
31. A{YJ‘ Ho$ àH«$‘ ‘| A{^àoaU- (3) ߶mg go (4) Amdí¶H$Vm go
(1) grIZo dmbm§o H$s ñ‘¥{V H$mo VoO ~ZmVm h¡&
(2) nwamZo A{YJ‘ go Z¶o A{YJ‘ H$mo {d^o{XV H$aVm h¡& 39. {H$gr {deof hmoQ>b H$s {‘R>mB© ImZo H$s Amdí¶H$Vm H$mo H$hm OmEJm-
(3) EH${Xer¶ ê$n go gmoMZo ‘| grIZo dmbm| H$mo àñVwV H$aVm h¡& (1) ^yI (2) {d{eîQ> ^yI
(4) Z¶o grIZo dmbm| ‘| A{YJ‘ Ho$ {bE ê${M H$m g¥OZ H$aVm h¡& (3) à~b Amdí¶H$Vm (4) BZ‘| go Hw$N> ^r Zht

32. Amn AnZr H$jm Ho$ {H$gr ~mbH$ H$mo n‹T>mZo hoVw Cgo ào[aV H$aZo H$m 40. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go {H$go O¡{dH$ A{^àoaH$ ‘| Amn Zht aI|Jo?
H$m¡Zgm VarH$m Cn¶w³V ‘mZVo h¢? (1) ߶mg (2) ^yI
(1) ~mbH$ Ho$ AmË‘gå‘mZ H$mo gwa{jV H$aZm (3) ¶m¡Z (4) CnbpãY Amdí¶H$Vm
(2) CgH$s àe§gm Xÿgao ~mbH$m| Ho$ g‘úm H$aZm
(3) Cgo gH$mamË‘H$ àbmo^Z XoZm 41. {ZåZm§{H$V ‘| {H$g A{^àoaH$ H$mo Hw$N> ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| Zo O¡{dH$ VWm
(4) ~mbH$ Ho$ àoaH$m| H$m ‘mJ©ÝVrH$aU H$aZm A{O©V XmoZm§o hr lo{U¶m| ‘§o aIm h¡?
(1) ^yI (2) ZtX
33. grIZo ‘| àoaUm H$m ñWmZ A˶ÝV ‘hÎdnyU© h¡, ³¶m|{H$ Bggo ~mbH$m| (3) qbJ (4) ߶mg
‘|-
(1) ì¶p³VJV {d{^ÝZVmAm| ‘| H$‘r hmoVr h¡& 42. {OZ A{^àoaH$m| H$mo ì¶p³V AnZo gm‘m{OH$ dmVmdaU ‘| grIVm h¡,
(2) emar[aH$ {dH$mg hmoVm h¡& CÝh| H$hm OmVm h¡-
(3) AZwemgZ H$s ^mdZm H$m {dH$mg hmoVm h¡& (1) A{O©V A{^àoaH$ (2) OÝ‘OmV A{^àoaH$
(4) gm‘m{OH$ JwU gr{‘V ahVo h¢& (3) AÝdofU A{^àoaH$ (4) ’$bH$mar A{^àoaH$

27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42.
(1) (2) (2) (1) (4) (4) (3) (2) (1) (3) (3) (4) (2) (4) (3) (1)

~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
 àJʶ A{^àoaUm Ed§ A{YJ‘ n¥îR> 145

43. {ZåZm§{H$V g‘wÀM¶ ‘| go H$m¡Z EH$ gm‘m{OH$ A{^àoaH$ H$m g‘wÀM¶ 50. A{^àoaU Ho$ {H$g {gÕmÝV ‘| X¡{hH$ Amdí¶H$VmAm| na ~b S>mbm
h¡? OmVm h¡?
(1) CnbpãY, gå~ÝYZ, gÎmm Ed§ AZw‘moXZ (1) ‘ybàd¥{Îm {gÕmÝV ‘| (2) àUmoX {gÕmÝV ‘|
(2) CnbpãY, gå~ÝYZ, H$m‘ BÀN>m Ed§ AZw‘moXZ (3) à˶mem {gÕmÝV ‘| (4) ì¶dhma {gÕmÝV ‘|
(3) CnbpãY, gå~ÝYZ, AZw‘moXZ, ^yI
(4) CnbpãY, gå~ÝYZ, AZw‘moXZ Ed§ ߶mg 51. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go gm‘m{OH$ ‘yë¶ H$m¡Zgm h¡?
(1) àmW{‘H$ bú¶ (2) ‘ybàd¥{Îm
44. A{^àoaU Ho$ VrZ à‘wI VÎd ~Vbm¶o J¶o h¢& {ZåZm§{H$V ‘| go {H$go (3) ghm¶VmnaH$ ì¶dhma (4) AmH«$m‘H$ Amdí¶H$Vm
CZ VÎdm| H$s gyMr ‘| gpå‘{bV Zht {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡?
(1) Amdí¶H$Vm (2) àUmoX 52. PyR> H$m nVm bJmZo dmbm ¶ÝÌ gm‘mݶV¶m ‘mnZ H$aVm h¡-
(3) àmoËgmhZ (4) VZmd (1) J¡ëdo{ZH$ ËdMm à{V{H«$¶m Ed§ a³VMmn H$m

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(2) ngrZm Ed§ noer¶ VZmd H$m
45. CnbpãY A{^àoaH$ H$mo {H$g loUr ‘o§ aIm Om gH$Vm h¡? (3) ‘pñVîH$s¶ Va§Jmo§ H$m
(1) gm‘m{OH$ A{^àoaH$ (4) noQ> g§Hw$MZ Ed§ ídgZ H$m
(2) O¡{dH$ A{^àoaH$
(3) à^mdmoËnmXH$ A{^àoaH$ 53. AÝVZm}X {gÕmÝV Ho$ AZwgma AÝVZm}X Ho$ H$maU A{^àoaUm hmoVr h¡&
(4) Cn¶w©³V ‘| go {H$gr ^r loUr ‘| Zht AÝVZm}X {H$g na AmYm[aV h¡?
(1) ‘yb àd¥{Îm (2) àbmo^Z
46. A{^ào[aV ì¶dhma ImgH$a X¡{hH$ A{^àoaH$ EH$ Img H«$‘ ‘| hmoVo h¢& (3) g§kmZ (4) Amdí¶H$Vm
www.praganya.org

ghr H«$‘ H$m¡Zgm h¡?

(1) àUmoX, bú¶, Amdí¶H$Vm, VwpîQ> 54. O~ Xmo A{^àoaUmE± Amng ‘o§ ‘ob Zht ImVr h¢, Vmo n[aUm‘ hmoVm
(2) bú¶, VwpîQ>, Amdí¶H$Vm, àUmoX h¡-
(3) Amdí¶H$Vm, àUmoX, bú¶, VwpîQ> (1) ‘ZñVmn (2) Hw$ÊR>m
(4) VwpîQ>, bú¶, àUmoX Ed§ Amdí¶H$Vm (3) ÛÝÛ (4) à˶mhma

47. YZ H$‘mZo H$s BÀN>m H$mo {H$g loUr H$m A{^àoaH$ ‘mZm OmVm h¡? 55. ep³V A{^àoaUm H$m ‘mnZ àmW{‘H$V… {H$¶m J¶m h¡-
(1) AmÝV[aH$ A{^àoaH$ (1) B©. nr. nr. Eg. Ûmam (2) 16 nr. E’$. Ûmam
(2) ~mø A{^àoaH$ (3) Q>r. E. Q>r. Ûmam (4) B©. nr. ³¶y. Ûmam
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(3) O¡{dH$ A{^àoaH$

56. {ZåZ{bp»mV ‘| go H$m¡Z A[^àoaUm Ho$ H$f©U {gÕmÝV H$m à{V{Z{YËd
(4) Cn¶w©³V ‘| go {H$gr ^r loUr H$m A{^àoaH$ Zht
H$aVm h¡?
48. ñdV… A{^ê${M EH$ CXmhaU h¡- (1) AÝVZm}X {gÕmÝV (2) CÔmobZ {gÕmÝV
(1) ~mø A{^àoaH$ H$m (3) à˶mem {gÕmÝV (4) Amdí¶H$Vm gmonmZ {gÕmÝV
(2) AmÝV[aH$ A{^àoaH$ H$m
(3) O¡{dH$ A{^àoaH$ H$m
57. ‘mñbmo Ho$ Amdí¶H$Vm gmonmZ H«$‘ ‘| O¡{dH$ Amdí¶H$VmAm| Ho$ R>rH$
(4) Cn¶w©³V ‘| go {H$gr H$m ^r Zht ~mX AmVr h¡-
(1) gwajm Amdí¶H$VmE± (2) ñd-{g{Õ Amdí¶H$Vm
49. AJa {H$gr ^yIo ì¶p³V H$mo Q>r. E. Q>r. {X¶m OmE, Vmo dh gå^dV…- (3) ào‘ d gå~ÝYZ Amdí¶H$VmE± (4) ñd-gå‘mZ Amdí¶H$VmE±
(1) Hw$N> Zht H$a nm¶oJm, O~ VH$ {H$ Cgo Hw$N> ImZm Zht {X¶m OmVm hmo
(2) Eogr H$hmZr {bIoJm, {OgH$m {df¶ ^moOZ Ed§ ImZm ImZo go gå~Õ 58. {OZ ~ÀMm| ‘| CnbpãY A{^àoaUm A{YH$ hmoVr h¡, CZHo$ ‘mVm-{nVm
ahoJm àm¶…-
(3) Eogr H$hmZr {bIoJm, {Og‘| ^moOZ Am¡a ImZo go g§~Õ ì¶dhma H$s MMm© (1) ñdmVÝͶ H$mo hVmoËgm{hV H$aVo h¢&
Zht hmoJr (2) ‘mZH$m| H$s àm{á hoVw Ag’$bVm na XpÊS>V H$aVo h¢&
(4) ^anoQ> ^moOZ {H$¶o hþE ì¶p³V Ho$ g‘mZ hr H$hmZr {bIoJm& (3) D±$Mo ‘mZXÊS> ñWm{nV H$aVo h¢&
(4) ~ÀMmo§ Ho$ ì¶dhma H$mo {~Zm eV© ñdrH$ma H$aVo h¢&

43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58.
(1) (4) (1) (3) (2) (2) (2) (2) (3) (1) (4) (3) (3) (3) (1) (3)

~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
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 n¥îR> 146 A{^àoaUm Ed§ A{YJ‘ àJʶ
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59. {Og CÔrnH$ go ì¶p³V H$mo gÝVwpîQ> hmoVr h¡, Cggo Cg‘|- 66. CnbpãY A{^àoaH$ Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘| {ZåZ ‘| go H$m¡Zgm H$WZ ghr
(1) gwIX ^md CËnÝZ hmoVm h¡& h¡?
(2) XþIX ^md CËnÝZ hmoVm h¡& (1) CnbpãY A{^àoaH$ Or{dV ahZo Ho$ {bE Amdí¶H$ h¡&
(3) g§doJ CËnÝZ hmoVm h¡& (2) ¶{X ì¶p³VJV j‘VmAm§o H$s gÝVwpîQ> ‘hÎdnyU© h¡, Vmo CnbpãY
(4) A{^àoaU CËnÝZ hmoVm h¡& A{^àoaH$ H$mo {dH$mg àoaH$ H$hm Om gH$Vm h¡&
(3) ¶{X ì¶p³V¶m| Ho$ ‘ܶ à{V¶mo{JVm na ~b h¡, Vmo CnbpãY A{^àoaH$
60. A{^ào[aV ì¶dhma Ho$ ~mao ‘| {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Z ghr Zht h¡? H$mo gm‘m{OH$ A{^àoaH$ H$hm Om gH$Vm h¡&
(1) AZw{H«$¶mAm| H$m D$Om©H$aU (4) BZ‘| go g^r
(2) ì¶dhmamË‘H$ ep³V Ed§ Hw$ebVm
(3) ì¶dhma H$s {Xem 67. EH$ N>mÌ Zo AmnHo$ àíZ H$m Omo CÎma {X¶m, dh nmR²>¶ nwñVH$ ‘| Zht
(4) AZw{H«$¶mAm| H$m gmhM¶© h¡& AܶmnH$ Ho$ ê$n ‘| Amn-
(1) Cgo Zht ‘mZ|Jo&
61. {ZåZ{b{IV gbmhm| ‘| go H$m¡Z AmÝV[aH$ A{^àoaUm OmJ¥V H$aZo hoVw
(2) CÎma H$s g‘rjm H$a N>mÌ H$s ì¶p³VJV g‘P Ho$ {bE em~mer X|Jo&
gdm©{YH$ Cn¶w³V h¡? (3) N>mÌ H$s eamaV ‘mZ|Jo&
(1) ñHy$b H$m H$m¶© g‘má H$a boZo na N>mÌm| H$mo Nw>År H$m bm^ {X¶m OmE& (4) CgH$s Cnojm H$a|Jo&
(2) AÀN>r lo{U¶m± àmá H$aZo hoVw àmoËgm{hV H$aZm&
(3) n[al‘r N>mÌm| H$s àe§gm Aݶ ghnm{R>¶m| H$s CnpñW{V ‘| H$aZm& 68. ‘mZ br{OE {H$ AmnH$s {H$emoar nwÌr EH$ gh{ejm H$m°boO ‘| gh^mJr
(4) AÀN>o e¡j{UH$ {ZînmXZ go Ow‹S>o YZmË‘H$ AZw^dm| H$mo àd{bV H$aZm& h¡, Vmo AmnH$m ì¶dhma ³¶m hmoJm- ~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m
(1) hR>rbm à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV
62. ì¶p³V A{^ào[aV ³¶m| hmoVm h¡? Bg gå~ÝY ‘| dV©‘mZ ‘o§ H$m¡Zgr (2) ghmZw^y{VnyU©
{H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡ {H$ Bg
AdYmaUm ‘mݶ h¡? nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ
(3) X~§J àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ>
(1) ‘yb àd¥{Îm¶m| H$s AdYmaUm (4) àoaH$ www.praganya.org
(2) àbmo^Z gå~ÝYr AdYmaUm go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
(3) AÝVZm}X gå~ÝYr AdYmaUm 69. ~mbH$m| ‘| AmË‘{Z^©aVm Ho$ JwU H$m {dH$mg H$aZo Ho$ {bE ³¶m H$aZm
(4) AmË‘{g{Õ gå~ÝYr AdYmaUm Mm{hE?
(1) Amn CÝh| nmR²>¶ ghJm‘r {H«$¶mAm| H$m ZoV¥Ëd gm¢n X|&
63. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘o§ go ghr H$WZ h¡- (2) Amn CÝh| AnZo ’$sg H$bo³eZ Ho$ H$m¶© ‘| ‘XX bo&
(1) ep³V A{^àoaUm g‘mO Ûmam ñdrH¥$V Zht H$s Om gH$Vr h¡&
(3) Amn CÝh| ‘m°{ZQ>a ~Zm X|&
(2) n[an³dVm Am¡a A{^àoaUm ‘| H$moB© gå~ÝY Zht hmoVm&
(4) Cn¶w©³V g^r H$a§o&
(3) àbmo^Z ~mbH$ ‘| AÝVZm}X gå~ÝYr ì¶dhma CËnÝZ H$aVo h¢&
(4) AZw‘moXZ A{^àoaU ‘| ì¶p³V Xÿgam| H$o H$m¶m] H$m AZw‘moXZ H$aVm h¡& 70. ZdrZ gÌ ‘| àdoe bo MwHo$ N>mÌm| go gwê${MnyU© gå~ÝY aIZo Ho$ {bE
Amn ³¶m H$a|Jo?
64. ~mbH$m| ‘| nmR> Ho$ à{V ê${M CËnÝZ H$aZo Ho$ {bE-
(1) à^wËd g§ajU H$o {bE Jå^raVm H$m àXe©Z
(1) {ZaÝVa ‘m¡{IH$ {ejU H$aZm Mm{hE&
(2) N>mÌm| go AnopúmV gå‘mZ H$s H$m‘Zm
(2) nmR> H$s nwZamd¥{Îm H$amZr Mm{hE&
(3) N>mÌm| go g‘H$j {‘Ì H$s ^mdZm H$m àXe©Z
(3) nmR> H$mo ~mbH$m| Ho$ ì¶mdhm[aH$ OrdZ go gå~pÝYV H$aZm Mm{hE&
(4) N>mÌm| Ho$ gmW {‘ÌdV² ì¶dhma VWm ZdrZ dmVmdaU ‘| g‘m¶moOZ hoVw
(4) aQ>Zo H$s àd¥{Îm na ~b XoZm Mm{hE&
‘mJ©Xe©Z
65. {ZåZ ‘| go H$m¡Zgm H$WZ A{^àoaU EH$ à{H«$¶m Ho$ gÝX^© ‘| Cn¶w³V
71. ¶{X Amn N>mÌm| Ho$ ì¶p³VËd H$m C{MV gå‘mZ H$aVo h¢, Vmo AmnHo$
Zht h¡?
{dMma ‘| AmnH$s AZw^y{V H$m H$maU ³¶m hmo gH$Vm h¡?
(1) dh ì¶p³V H$mo bú¶ H$s Amoa bo OmVm h¡&
(1) AmnH$s à^wgÎmm H$m g§ajU
(2) ¶h ì¶p³V H$s emar[aH$ Amdí¶H$VmAm| H$s gÝVwpîQ> H$aVm h¡&
(2) CÀMñVar¶ Z¡{VH$Vm àXe©Z
(3) ¶h ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ AmH$m§jm H$mo àmá H$aZo ‘| ghm¶Vm H$aVm h¡&
(3) N>mÌm| H$mo àmoËgm{hV H$aZo H$s EH$ Xem
(4) ¶h ì¶p³V H$mo A{චpñW{V go Xÿa aIVm h¡&
(4) AmnH$s àm¡‹T> ‘mZ{gH$Vm

59. 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 67. 68. 69. 70. 71.
(1) (1) (3) (3) (3) (3) (4) (4) (2) (4) (4) (4) (3)

~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
 àJʶ A{^àoaUm Ed§ A{YJ‘ n¥îR> 147

72. ¶{X Amn EH$ Eogo {dÚmb¶ ‘| n‹T>m aho h¢, Ohm± H$s A{YH$m§e OZg§»¶m 80. {ZåZ{b{IV ¶w½‘m| ‘o§ go H$m¡Zgm ¶w½‘ Ag˶ h¡?
A§Y{dídmgm| Ed§ ê${‹T>¶m| go J«ñV h¡, Vmo Amn Eogo OZg‘yhy ‘| {ejm Ho$ (1) ^yI-emar[aH$ AÝVZm}X
à{V gH$mamË‘H$ A{^d¥{Îm CËnÝZ H$aZo Ho$ {bE {ZåZ ‘| go ³¶m H$a|J? o (2) CnbpãY àoaH$-OÝ‘OmV àoaH$
(1) Eogo bmoJm| H$mo Y¡¶©nyd©H$ g‘PmE±Jo VWm n[aUm‘ àmá hmoZo VH$ à¶mg (3) AmH«$m‘H$Vm H$m àoaH$-A{O©V àoaH$ ~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$
Omar aI|Jo& (4) H«$moY-g§doJ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU
(2) Eogo bmoJm| H$m à{VdmX H$a|Jo VWm AnZo gwPmd CZ na Wmon|Jo& àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr
81. nwañH$ma Ed§ XÊS> H$m EH$ àH$ma h¡- h¡ {H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s
(3) Ho$db AnZr Zm¡H$ar na ܶmZ X|Jo VWm ñWmZmÝVaU Ho$ {bE à¶mg
(1) ~mø àoaUm PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ>
Omar aI|Jo&
(2) AmÝV[aH$ àoaUm www.praganya.org
(4) CÝh| {ejm Ho$ bm^ g‘PmH$a CZH$s g§H$sU© gmoM H$m n[a‘mO©Z H$a|Jo& go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
(3) ^mfm¶r àoaUm
73. {ZåZ ‘| go H$m¡Zgm H$maH$ AmXVm| Ho$ {Z‘m©U ‘| à^mdr ^y{‘H$m H$m (4) Cn¶w©³V ‘| go H$moB© Zht

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{Zdm©h H$aVm h¡?
82. {ZåZ{b{IV ¶w½‘m| ‘o§ go Ag˶ ¶w½‘ H$m¡Zgm h¡?
(1) {ZaÝVaVm (2) Aä¶mg
(1) {ZfoYmË‘H$ nwZ~©bZ-Jmbr XoZm
(3) nwañH$ma Ed§ XÊS> (4) Cn¶w©³V g^r
(2) emar[aH$ àoaH$-{ZÐm
74. CnbpãY àoaH$ (Achievement Motive) EH$ àoaH$ h¡- (3) ~mø no«aH$-nwañH$ma
(1) emar[aH$ (4) AmÝV[aH$ àoaH$-doVZ
(2) ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$
83. {H$gr H$m¶© H$mo grIZo ‘| nwañH$ma {‘bZo H$m ³¶m à^md n‹S>Vm h¡?
(3) emar[aH$ Ed§ ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ XmoZm|
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(1) àmUr Cg H$m¶© H$mo Xoa go grIVm h¡&

(4) Cn¶w©³V ‘| go H$moB© Zht
(2) àmUr Cg H$m¶© H$mo OëXr grI boVm h¡&
75. Eogm àoaH$ {OgH$m AZw‘mZ ì¶p³V Ho$ ì¶dhma go {H$¶m Om gH$o, naÝVw (3) nwañH$ma H$m H$moB© à^md Zht n‹S>Vm h¡&
ì¶p³V CgH$r CnpñW{V H$m AZw^d Zht H$aVm, Cgo H$hVo h¢- (4) Cn¶w©³V g^r
(1) AdMoVZ àoaH$ (2) AMoVZ àoaH$ 84. àoaUm Ho$ bú¶ H$mo boH$a àoaUmOݶ H$m¶© ‘| {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgr
(3) MoVZ àoaH$ (4) Cn¶w©³V ‘| go H$moB© Zht
{deofVm nm¶r OmVr h¡?
76. ^yI (Hunger) EH$ àoaH$ h¡- (1) n[adV©Zerb (2) bú¶ àmá H$aZo H$s ~oM¡Zr
(1) A{O©V (2) àmW{‘H$ (3) bú¶ àm{á go empÝV (4) Cnamo³V g^r
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(3) AMoVZ (4) {ÛVr¶H$

85. {H«$¶m H$mo CÎmo{OV H$aZo, {Z¶{‘V H$aZo VWm Omar aIZo H$s à{H«$¶m
77. ^yI {H$g àH$ma H$m AÝVZm}X (Drive) h¡? H$mo A{^àoaUm H$hVo h¢& ¶h {H$gH$m H$WZ h¡?
(1) YZmË‘H$ (2) G$UmË‘H$ (1) Om°ZgZ H$m (2) JwS> H$m
(3) VQ>ñW (4) Cn¶w©³V ‘| go H$moB© Zht (3) ‘¡JmoM H$m (4) ~Zm©S>© H$m

78. AMoVZ àoaH$ (Unconscious motive) H$m ‘hÎd gd©n«W‘ 86. ‘¡³Sy>Jb Ho$ AZwgma A{^àoaUm H$s ì¶m»¶m {H$g AmYma na H$s Om
{H$gH$o Ûmam à{Vnm{XV {H$¶m J¶m? gH$Vr h¡?
(1) dwÊQ>> Ûmam (2) ‘¡³Sy>Jb Ûmam (1) CÎmoOH$ d AZw{H«$¶m (2) OrdZ MH«$ d bú¶ àm{á
(3) ’«$m¶S> Ûmam (4) dmQ>gZ Ûmam (3) OÝ‘OmV ‘yb àd¥{Îm¶m± (4) CÎmoOH$ d AÕ©MoVZ

79. O¡{dH$ (Biological) ¶m emar[aH$ Amdí¶H$VmAm| go CËnÝZ AÝVZm} 87. A{^àoaUm H$m ñdmñ϶ {gÕmÝV {H$gZo {X¶m?
X H$mo ³¶m H$hVo h¢? (1) S>r.h¡~ Zo (2) {S>ñH$mo Zo
(1) Jm¡U ¶m {ÛVr¶H$ AÝVZm}X (3) ’o«${S´>H$ hO©~J© Zo (4) pñH$Za Zo
(2) g‘mOOݶ àoaH$
88. Om°Z nr. {S>ñH$mo Zo A{^àoaUm XoZo dmbo KQ>H$m| H$s g§»¶m ~VmB© h¡-
(3) àmW{‘H$ AÝVZm}X
(1) 2 (2) 4
(4) Cn¶w©³V ‘| go H$moB© Zht
(3) 7 (4) 10
72. 73. 74. 75. 76. 77. 78. 79. 80. 81. 82. 83. 84. 85. 86. 87. 88.
(1) (4) (2) (2) (2) (1) (3) (3) (2) (1) (4) (2) (4) (2) (3) (3) (4)

~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
 n¥îR> 148 A{^àoaUm Ed§ A{YJ‘ àJʶ
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
89. A{^àoaUmE± àmUr H$s emar[aH$ Am¡a ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ AÝVX©emE± h¢& ¶h 100. CnbpãY Amdí¶H$Vm H$m ‘mnZ {H$gZo {H$¶m?
H$WZ {H$g ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ H$m h¡? (1) ‘ao Zo (2) ‘¡³brb¡ÊS Zo>
(1) S´>oda H$m (2) ‘¡³Sy>Jb H$m (3) EQ>{H©$gZ Zo (4) ‘¡³brb¡ÊS> VWm EQ>{H©$gZ Zo
(3) dwS>dW© H$m (4) {Jb’$moS>© H$m
101. gm‘m{OH$ AZwemgZ H$m AmYma hmoVm h¡-
90. ‘¡³Sy>Jb Ho$ AZwgma ‘yb àd¥{Îm¶m± h¢- (1) ^¶ Am¡a XÊS> ~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$
(2) {ZÝXm Am¡a àe§gm 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm
(1) A{O©V (2) OÝ‘OmV h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡ {H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV
(3) Cn¶w©³V XmoZm| (4) Cn¶w©³V ‘o§ go H$moB© Zht (3) AÀN>m ~ZZo H$s BÀN>m g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ>
(4) g§ñH$ma www.praganya.org
91. A{O©V àoaH$ Ho$ AÝVJ©V AmVo h¢- go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&

(1) OrdZ bú¶ d ‘Zmod¥{Îm¶m± (2) ‘X-ì¶gZ 102. H$jm ‘| ~ohVa AZwemgZ ahVm h¡, ¶{X-
(3) AmXV H$s {ddeVm (4) Cn¶w©³V g^r (1) {ejU gm‘J«r H$m H$maJa Cn¶moJ {H$¶m OmE&
(2) nmR²>¶ {df¶ ‘| ‘Zmoa§OZnyU© ~mV| hmo&
92. ~mbH$ {H$gr H$m¶© H$mo AnZr BÀN>m go H$aVm h¡, dh h¡- (3) AܶmnH$ H$m ì¶p³VËd à^mdembr hmo&
(1) ì¶p³VJV àoaUm (2) gm‘m{OH$ àoaUm (4) N>mÌm| H$mo nVm hmo {H$ àYmZmܶmnH$ {H$gr ^r g‘¶ H$jm ‘| AmZo dmbo
(3) ‘ZmoX¡{hH$ àoaUm (4) gH$mamË‘H$ àoaUm h¢&
93. ’«$m¶S> Zo g~go A{YH$ ~b {H$g ‘yb àd¥{Îm na {X¶m h¡? 103. ~ÀMm| ‘| ñd-AZwemgZ H$s ^mdZm {H$g àH$ma n¡Xm H$s Om gH$Vr h¡?
(1) H$m‘ àd¥{Îm (2) aMZm àd¥{Îm (1) CÝh| H$R>moa AZwemgZ ‘| aIH$a
(3) g§M¶ àd¥{Îm (4) g‘yh àd¥{Îm (2) CÝh| AZwemgZ ‘| ahZo Ho$ bm^ ~VmH$a
(3) AZwemgZhrZVm na CÝh| XÊS> XoH$a
94. ‘yb àd¥{Îm A{^àoaUm {gÕmÝV Ho$ àdV©H$ H$m¡Z h¢? (4) CÝh| {Oå‘oXmar gm¢nH$a
(1) ’«$m¶S> VWm Ow§J (2) H$Q>© bo{dZ
(3) ‘¡³Sy>Jb (4) pñH$Za 104. H$jm ‘| AZwemgZ gwYmaZo H$s ÑpîQ> go AܶmnH$ H$m ³¶m H$aZm gdm}Îm‘
hmoJm?
95. àoaH$m| H$mo nwH$mam OmVm h¡-
(1) AܶmnH$ N>mÌm| H$mo n‹T>mB© OmZo dmbr {df¶ dñVw, n‹T>mZo H$s {d{Y Am¡a
(1) ñWm¶r CÔrnH$ (2) {ZYm©[aV àd¥{Îm¶m±
N>mÌm| Ho$ à{V AnZo ÑpîQ>H$moU H$m ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$ao&
(3) Amdí¶H$Vm (4) BZ‘| go g^r
(2) H$jm Ho$ N>mÌm| H$r gh‘{V go AZwemgZhrZVm Ho$ {bE {X¶o OmZo dmbo
96. àoaH$ {gÕmÝV {X¶m- XÊS> H$m àH$ma/CgH$s ‘mÌm {ZYm©[aV H$ao&
(1) hb Zo (2) dmQ>gZ Zo (3) Bg g‘ñ¶m na {dMma H$aZo hoVw A{^^mdH$m| H$mo ~wbmH$a ~mV H$ao&
(3) d¡ÊSw>am Zo (4) Q>m°b‘¡Z Zo (4) AZwemgZhrZ N>mÌm| Ho$ Zm‘ àYmZmܶmnH$ Ho$ nmg ^oO Xo&

97. àoaUm Ho$ ‘yb àd¥{Îm Ho$ {gÕmÝV ‘| {H$VZr ‘yb àd¥{Îm¶m± h¢? 105. g§H$moMr Am¡a e‘ubo N>mÌm| H$mo H$jm Ho$ {ejU H$m¶© ‘o§ ^mJ boZo H$s
(1) 14 (2) 15 àoaUm XoZo H$m Cnm¶ ¶h h¡ {H$-
(3) 16 (4) 17 (1) CZH$mo J¥hH$m¶© go ‘w³V aIm OmE&
(2) CZH$mo H$jm ‘| AnZr ê${M Ho$ {df¶ na Hw$N> ~VmZo H$mo àmoËgm{hV {H$¶m
98. àoaUm H$m Amdí¶H$Vm {gÕmÝV {X¶m- OmE&
(1) hb Zo (2) ‘ao Zo (3) ¶{X do {H$gr àíZ H$m CÎma Z Xo gH|$, Vmo CÝh| e{‘©ÝXm {H$¶m OmE&
(3) ‘¡³brb¡ÊS> Zo (4) b¡Omag Zo (4) CZH$mo {deof ñZoh {X¶m OmE&

99. CnbpãY àoaUm H$m ‘mnZ {H$gH$o Ûmam {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡- 106. AÝV^©yV A{^àoaUm H$m Ame¶ h¡ {H$ N>mÌ-
(1) gmjmËH$ma {d{Y (1) nwañH$ma nmZo H$s BÀN>m go H${R>Z n[al‘ H$aVm h¡
(2) àg§JmË‘H$ ~moY narjU (2) XÊS> go ~MZo Ho$ {bE {Z˶ nmR>embm AmVm h¡
(3) àíZmdbr {ZarjU (3) AܶmnH$ Ho$ S>a go J¥hH$m¶© nyam H$aVm h¡
(4) {ZarjU (4) kmZ H$s d¥{Õ Ho$ {bE bJZ go n‹T>mB© H$aVm h¡

89. 90. 91. 92. 93. 94. 95. 96. 97. 98. 99. 100. 101. 102. 103. 104. 105. 106.
(2) (2) (4) (3) (1) (3) (4) (1) (1) (1) (2) (1) (3) (1) (4) (1) (2) (4)

~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
 àJʶ A{^àoaUm Ed§ A{YJ‘ n¥îR> 149

107. {ejH$ H$mo M[aÌdmZ hmoZm Mm{hE, Bggo- 114. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgo H$maH$ A[^àoaH$ go Ow‹S>o hþE Zht h¢?
(1) N>mÌm| na AÀN>m à^md n‹S>oJm& (1) ê${M Ed§ {Okmgm (2) OrdZ Ho$ bú¶
(2) g‘mO ‘| CgH$s à{VîR>m ~‹T>oJr& (3) emar[aH$ {’$Q>Zog (4) ‘mZ{gH$ ñdmñ϶
(3) CgHo$ N>mÌ ^r M[aÌdmZ ~ZZo H$s H$mo{ee H$a|Jo&
(4) dh H$^r H$moB© JbV H$m‘ Zht H$aoJm& 115. H$jmZwemgZ ~ZmE aIZo Ho$ {bE Amdí¶H$ h¡ {H$ AܶmnH$ N>mÌm| Ho$
‘Z ‘|-
108. arVm H$jm IV H$s {dÚmWu, J{UV ‘| AÀN>o A§H$ àmá Zht H$a nm (1) ^¶ H$m ^md n¡Xm H$a|& (2) gH$mamË‘H$ ^md n¡Xm H$a|&
aht h¡, hmbm±{H$ Aݶ {df¶m| ‘| CgH$s Cnb{ãY AÀN>r h¡& BgH$m (3) {Okmgm n¡Xm H$a|& (4) Cnamo³V g^r
gå^m{dV H$maU hmo gH$Vm h¡-
(1) b‹S>{H$¶m± J{UV ‘| H$‘Omoa hmoVr h¡& 116. AZwemgZ Am¡a g§ñH$ma S>mbZo H$s àmapå^H$ {Oå‘oXmar h¡-
(2) b‹S>{H$¶m| Ho$ {bE J{UV Amdí¶H$ {df¶ Zht h¡& (1) {dÚmb¶ H$s

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(3) ~ÀMm| H$mo J{UV grIZo H$o {bE A{YH$ ~w{Õ‘mZ hmoZm Amdí¶H$ h¡& (2) n[adma H$s
(4) J{UV n‹T>mZo Ho$ T>§J ‘| Hw$N> g‘ñ¶m h¡& (3) AܶmnH$ H$s
(4) AܶmnH$ Am¡a n[adma XmoZm| H$s
109. A{^àoaUm Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘§o {ZåZ ‘| go H$m¡Zgm H$WZ ghr Zht h¡?
(1) ¶h N>mÌm§o ‘| ê${M ~‹T>mZo H$s {H«$¶m h¡& 117. nwañH$ma EH$ àoaUm h¡-
(2) ¶h ì¶p³V H$mo bú¶ VH$ nhþ±MZo Ho$ {bE ‘O~ya H$aVr h¡& (1) Aà˶j (2) à˶j
(3) ¶h AmÝV[aH$ Ed§ ~mø, XmoZm| àH$ma H$s à{H«$¶mE± h¢& (3) ZH$mamË‘H$ (4) gH$mamË‘H$
(4) ¶h {H«$¶m H$mo AmJo ~‹T>mVr VWm Cgo {Xem XoVr h¡&
118. {dÚm{W©¶m| H$mo nwañH$ma XoZo H$m CÔoí¶ hmoVm h¡-
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110. O¡go hr A{^àoaUm H$s à{H«$¶m ê$H$Vr h¡- (1) CÎm‘ JwUmo§ H$m {dH$mg (2) àbmo^Z XoZo H$s AmXV
(1) ì¶{³V H$s {H«$¶m ^r ê$H$ OmVr h¡& (3) [aídV H$m AW© g‘PmZm (4) g§doJm| H$mo CÔrá H$aZm
(2) H$m¶© H$aZo H$s Amdí¶H$Vm ^r ‘a OmVr h¡&
119. EH$ A{^ào[aV ~mbH$ {ZåZ ‘| go H$m¡Zgm JwU àX{e©V Zht H$aVm?
(3) (1) d (2) XmoZm| (1) grIZo H$s BÀN>m (2) grIZo ‘| AmdoîQ>Z
(4) Cnamo³V H$moB© Zht (3) AmH$m§jm ñVa (4) g‘yh go AbJmd
111. H$jm ‘| N>mÌm| H$mo A{^ào[aV {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡- 120. XÊS> ~mbH$mo§ na H¡$gm à^md S>mbVm h¡?
(1) CZH$r g’$bVm H$s Xa H$mo ~‹T>mH$a (1) nmam{dH$Vm (2) gwYmamË‘H$
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(2) ¶{X do à{V^mdmZ h¢, Vmo CZHo$ ‘mJ© ‘| ê$H$mdQ>| I‹S>r H$aHo$ (3) AënH$m{bH$ (4) ~Xbm àoaH$
(3) CZ‘| à{V¶moJr ^mdZm {dH${gV H$aHo$
(4) Cnamo³V g^r 121. EH$ gm‘m{OH$ àoaH$ h¡-
(1) ^yI (2) ߶mg
112. pñH$Za H$m A{^àoaU {gÕmÝV AmYm[aV h¡- (3) AmË‘Jm¡ad (4) ào‘
(1) ~mø ñnîQ> ì¶dhmam| na, Omo {H$ nwZ~©bZ XoH$a n[ad{V©V {H$¶o OmVo h¢&
(2) BpÀN>V ì¶dhma H$s nhMmZ na 122. àe§gm d {ZÝXm Xmo Eogr no«aUmE± h¢, Omo ~mbH$ ‘| d¥{Õ H$aVr h¡§-
(3) Cnamo³V XmoZm| (1) AZwemgZ H$s (2) eara H$s
(4) Cnamo³V H$moB© Zht (3) gm‘m{OH$ àoaH$ H$s (4) Cnamo³V g^r

113. EH$ {ejH$, Omo AnZr H$jm ‘| CÎm‘ dmVmdaU V¡¶ma H$aZm MmhVm h¡, 123. A{^àoaUm H$m ñdmñ϶ {gÕmÝV {X¶m h¡-
Cgo {ZåZ{b{IV H$m¶© H$aZm Mm{hE- (1) S>r h¡~ Zo (2) {S>ñH$mo Zo
(1) Cgo H$R>moa AZwemgZ {gÕmÝVm| H$m AZwgaU H$aZm Mm{hE& (3) EM dJ© Zo (4) pñH$Za Zo
(2) Cgo N>mÌm| H$mo MwZm¡VrnyU© ZdrZ AZw^d àXmZ H$aZo Mm{hE&
(3) Cgo N>mÌm| H$mo {ZaÝVa ‘m¡[IH$ Ed§ dñVw{ZîR> narjmAm| ‘| ì¶ñV aIZm 124. A{^àoaUm XoZo dmbm KQ>H$ h¡-
Mm{hE& (1) AmH$m§jm ñVa (2) CÎmoOZm XoZm
(4) Cgo H$R>moa {Z¶‘m| H$s ñWmnZm {~Zm {H$gr ^oX^md Ho$ H$aZr Mm{hE& (3) àmoËgmhZ H$aZm (4) Cnamo³V g^r

107. 108. 109. 110. 111. 112. 113. 114. 115. 116. 117. 118. 119. 120. 121. 122. 123. 124.
(3) (4) (2) (3) (3) (3) (2) (3) (3) (2) (2) (1) (4) (2) (3) (1) (3) (4)

~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
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 n¥îR> 150 A{^àoaUm Ed§ A{YJ‘ àJʶ
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
125. àoaH$ hmoVm h¡- 133. ~ÀMm| H$mo grIZo hoVw A{^ào[aV H$aZo Ho$ {b¶o {ejH$ H$mo ~‹T>mdm XoZm
(1) {Zîn{Îm (2) àJ{V Mm{hE-
(3) CÎmaXm{¶Ëd (4) Cnamo³V g^r (1) à{VñnYm©
(2) H$jm ‘| àW‘ AmZo dmbo ~ÀMo H$mo nwañH¥$V H$aHo$
126. ge³V A{^àoaUm grIZo H$m à^mdembr KQ>H$ h¡- (3) grIZo hoVw C{MV pñW{V Am¡a dmVmdaU H$m g¥OZ
(1) ~mbH$ ñdñW ahVm h¡& (2) ^p³V H$aVm h¡& (4) H$jm ‘| à{V^membr ~ÀMm| H$s àe§gm H$aHo$
(3) erK« grIVm h¡& (4) àgÝZ ahVm h¡&
134. ¶{X H$jm ‘| n‹T>mVo g‘¶ AmnH$mo ‘hgyg hmoVm h¡ {H$ AMmZH$ g^r
127. {dH$mg H$m AW© h¡- ~ÀMo n‹T>Zo ‘| ê${M Zht bo aho h¢, Vmo Amn ³¶m H$a|Jo?
(1) n[adV©Zm| H$s CÎmamoÎma ûm¥§Ibm
(1) H$moB© ܶmZ Zht Xo|Jo Am¡a n‹T>mZm Omar aI|Jo&
(2) A{^àoaUm Ho$ ’$bñdê$n hmoZo dmbo n[adV©Zm| H$s CÎmamoÎma ûm¥§Ibm
(2) n‹T>mZm ~ÝX H$a X§oJo&
(3) A{^àoaUm Ed§ AZw^d Ho$ ’$bñdê$n hmoZo dmbo n[adV©Zm| H$s CÎmamoÎma
(3) ~ÀMm| H$mo ܶmZ XoZo H$mo H$h|Jo&
ûm¥§Ibm
(4) H$maU OmZZo H$s H$mo{ee H$a|Jo&
(4) n[an³dVm Ed§ AZw^d Ho$ ’$bñdê$n hmoZo dmbo n[adV©Zm| H$s ûm¥§Ibm
135. ~ÀMm| H$mo grIZo-{gImZo H$s à{H«$¶m Ho$ Xm¡amZ, do Cg H$m¶© H$mo {H$g
128. gH$mamË‘H$ XÊS> H$m {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgm CXmhaU h¡?
àH$ma go H$a aho h¢, BgH$s OmZH$mar CÝh|-
(1) {‘Ìm| Ho$ Ûmam Cnhmg
(1) H$m¶© g‘má hmoZo Ho$ níMmV² Xr OmZr Mm{hE&
(2) {‘Ìm| Ho$ gmW g‘¶ ~~m©X H$aZm
(2) H$m¶© H$aVo g‘¶ gVV² ê$n go Xr OmZr Mm{hE&
(3) ‘rZ‘oI {ZH$mbZm ~ÝX H$aZm
(3) H$m¶© Ho$ ~rM ‘| EH$ ~ma Xr OmZr Mm{hE&
(4) Cn¶w©³V g^r
(4) BgH$s H$moB© Amdí¶H$Vm Zht h¡&
129. ~ÀMm| ‘| AÀN>o M[aÌ Ho$ {Z‘m©U Ho$ {bE-
136. EH$ {ejH$ H$mo {dÚm{W©¶m| Ho$ VËnaVm ñVa H$mo ~‹T>mZm h¡& Eogm H$aZo
(1) nmR²>¶ nwñVH$m| ‘| M[aÌ {Z‘m©U gå~ÝYr nmR> hmoZo Mm{hE&
(2) M[aÌ {Z‘m©U H$o {bE ì¶m»¶mZ {XE OmZo Mm{hE& Ho$ {bE g~go AÀN>m VarH$m H$m¡Zgm hmoJm?
(3) H$jm H$j J{V{d{Y Bg àH$ma go hmo {H$ ~ÀMm| H$mo M[aÌ {Z‘m©U ‘| (1) {deof àH$aU go gå~pÝYV g¥OZmË‘H$ {H«$¶mH$bmn H$mo H$jm ‘| g§J{R>V
ghm¶Vm {‘b gHo$& H$admH$a
(4) ‘hmnwê$fm| H$s OrdZr ~ÀMm| H$mo n‹T>mB© OmZr Mm{hE& (2) H$jm ‘| EH$ BZS>moa Jo‘ Am¶mo{OV H$admH$a
(3) H$hmZr H$WZ {d{Y Ûmam
130. àoaUm H$m dhr gå~ÝY CnbpãY go h¡, Omo A{YJ‘ H$m .......... go h¡& (4) H$jm Ho$ {H$gr EH$ {dÚmWu Ûmam {Z¶ÝÌU H$admH$a
(1) VH©$ (2) {MÝVZ
(3) ~moY (4) {ddoH$ 137. ¶{X AmnH$s H$jm ‘| H$moB© ~ÀMm A{YJ‘ Aj‘ hmo, Vmo Amn ³¶m
H$a|Jo?
131. N>moQ>o {ejm{W©¶m| H$mo H$jm H$j ‘| g‘d¶ñH$m| Ho$ gmW AÝV…{H«$¶m H$aZo (1) CgH$s Amoa H$moB© ܶmZ Zht X|oJo&
Ho$ {bE àmoËgm{hV H$aZm Mm{hE, {Oggo- (2) CgH$s Aj‘Vm {H$g àH$ma H$s h¡ ¶h OmZH$a CgH$mo {gImZo H$m
(1) do EH$-Xÿgao H$o àíZm| go grI gH|$& à¶mg H$a|Jo&
(2) nmR²>¶H«$‘ H$mo ~hþV OëXr nyam {H$¶m Om gHo$& (3) CgH$s A{V[a³V H$jm b|Jo&
(3) do n‹T>Zo Ho$ Xm¡amZ gm‘m{OH$ H$m¡eb grI gH|$& (4) CgH$s ~¡R>H$ ì¶dñWm H$jm Ho$ ~w{Õ‘mZ ~ÀMm| Ho$ gmW H$a|Jo&
(4) {ejH$ H$jm H$j H$mo ~ohVa VarHo$ go {Z¶§{ÌV H$a gH|$&
138. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go {H$g {ejm ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ Zo A{^àoaU Ed§ A{YJ‘
132. {ZåZ{bpIV ‘| go H$m¡Zgm grIZo Ho$ {bE A{YH$V‘ ê$n go A{^ào[aV Ho$ ~rM gå~ÝY ñWm{nV H$aVo hþE ¶h H$hm {H$ A{^àoaU go CËnÝZ
H$aVm h¡? {H«$¶merbVm hr grIZo Ho$ {bE CÎmaXm¶r h¡?
(1) ~mø H$maH$ (1) H$mohba Zo
(2) Ag’$bVm go ~MZo Ho$ {bE A[^àoaUm (2) pñH$Za Zo
(3) ~hþV gab ¶m H${R>Z bú¶m| H$m M¶Z H$aZo H$s àd¥{Îm (3) Wm°Z©S>mBH$ Zo
(4) bú¶m| H$mo àmá H$aZo ‘| ì¶p³VJV gÝVwpîQ> (4) dwS>dW© Zo

125. 126. 127. 128. 129. 130. 131. 132. 133. 134. 135. 136. 137. 138.
(4) (3) (3) (1) (4) (3) (1) (4) (3) (4) (2) (1) (2) (2)

~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
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 àJʶ A{^àoaUm Ed§ A{YJ‘ n¥îR> 151

139. {dÚm{W©¶m| ‘| l‘ H$s ñ’y${V© H$m {dH$mg H$aZo Ho$ {bE- 145. {ZåZ ‘| go H$m¡Zgm CXmhaU A{^àoaUm H$m n[aUm‘ Zht h¡?
(1) {ejH$ AnZo hr l‘ ‘| àd¥{Îm {XImEJm& (1) H¥$îUm Zo Z¥Ë¶ H$m g‘¶ EH$ KÊQ>o go ~‹T>mH$a Xmo KÊQ>o H$a {X¶m h¡&
(2) {ejH$ l‘ Ho$ ‘hÎd na ì¶m»¶mZ H$aooJm& (2) Om°Z ñQw>AQ>© {‘b Zo 12 df© H$s C‘« ‘| Xe©Z H$m Aܶ¶Z Amaå^ H$a
(3) g‘¶-g‘¶ na {dÚm{W©¶m§o H$mo l‘ H$aZo H$m Adga XoZm n‹S>oJm& {X¶m Wm&
(4) {dÚm{W©¶m§o H$mo l‘ H$aZo dmbo bmoJm§o H$m CXmhaU XoZm n‹So$Jm& (3) OJZ Zo ídmg boZo H$s à{H«$¶m ‘| ê${M {XImZr àmaå^ H$a Xr h¡&
(4) am‘ Zo VoOr go AmYw{ZH$ Ed§ àmMrZ Eo{Vhm{gH$ àd¥{Îm¶m| ‘o§ ghgå~ÝY
140. AmnH$mo {ejH$ {Xdg na Hw$N> {dÚm{W©¶m| Zo EH$ ~YmB© nÌ ^oOm h¡, ñWm{nV H$aZo ‘| àJ{V H$s h¡&
Amn ³¶m H$a|Jo?
(1) Hw$N> Zht H$a|Jo& 146. {ZåZ ‘| go ³¶m EH$ à^mdr àe§gm Ho$ ê$n ‘| AܶmnH$ Ho$ {bE H$m¶©
(2) CÝh| YݶdmX X|Jo& H$aoJm?
(3) CÝh| n¡gm| H$s ~~m©Xr Zht H$aZo Ho$ {bE ~mob|Jo& (1) {dÚm{W©¶mo§ Ho$ AdYmZ H$mo CZHo$ H$m¶© go gå~pÝYV ì¶dhma na Ho$pÝÐV

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(4) CÝh| ~Xbo ‘| ew^H$m‘ZmE± X|Jo& H$aVm h¡&
(2) {dÚm{W©¶m| Ho$ dV©‘mZ H$m¶© {ZînmXZ H$mo CZHo$ g‘yh Ho$ Aݶ gm{W¶m|
141. {dÚmb¶ ‘| {Z¶{‘V CnpñW{V Ho$ {bE d§{MV ~ÀMm| H$mo àmoËgm{hV Ho$ gÝX^© ‘| d{U©V H$aVm h¡&
H$aZo H$m {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgm VarH$m gdm©{YH$ Cn¶w³V hmoJm? (3) {dÚm{W©¶m| H$mo CZH$s ¶mo½¶VmAm| AWdm H$m¶© {ZînmXZ Ho$ ‘hÎd H$s
(1) ~ÀMm| H$mo AmH${f©V H$aZo H$o {bE <5 XoZm gyMZm XoVm h¡&
(2) Amdmgr¶ {dÚmb¶ ImobZm (4) O~ {dÚmWu AnZo ì¶dhma H$mo {Z¶pÝÌV Zht H$a nmVo Vmo CÝh|
(3) ~ÀMm| H$mo {dÚmb¶ AmZo H$s AZw‘{V Z XoZo H$mo H$mZyZZ XÊS>Zr¶ gH$mamË‘H$ ì¶dhmamË‘H$ g‘W©Z àXmZ H$aVm h¡&
AnamY ~Zm¶m OmE&
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(4) {dÚmb¶ Ûmam ~ÀMm| H$mo EH${ÌV H$aZo dmbo EH$ ì¶p³V H$mo {Z¶w³V *******
{H$¶m OmE, Omo à{V{XZ Kam| go ~ÀMm| H$mo boH$a AmE&
AJa Amn B.Ed, D.Ed, BSTC ¶m {ejU AܶmnZ Ho$ joÌ ‘| n‹T>mB©
142. N>mÌm| H$mo R>rH$, em~me, ~hþV AÀN>m H$hZm h¡- H$a aho h¢ Vmo Amngo {ZdoXZ h¡ {H$ {ZåZ{b{IV Whatsapp No. AnZr
(1) empãXH$ nwZ~©bZ (2) AempãXH$ nwZ~©bZ H$jm Ho$ ìhmQ²>gEn Jw«n ‘| Omo‹S>|& AJa AmnH$m ìhmQ²>gEn Jw«n Zht ~Zm hþAm
(3) gH$mamË‘H$ empãXH$ nwZ~©bZ (4) ZH$mamË‘H$ empãXH$ nwZ~©bZ h¡ Vmo H¥$n¶m H$‘ go H$‘ 20 {dÚmWu {‘bH$a ìhmQ²>gEn Jw«n ~Zm b|&
UPTET - 95301 43210
143. Z¥Ë¶, S´>m‘m Ed§ {eënH$bm H$m à¶moJ {H$¶m OmVm h¡- MP Samvida - 95302 43210
(1) {d{eîQ> JwUm| Ho$ {dH$mg hoVw BTET - 95302 43210
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(2) ì¶p³VËd H$mo T>mbZo Ho$ {bE UTET - 72209 29294

(3) X~o Ed§ ~Xm©íV Z {H$¶o Om gH$Zo dmbo AÝVZm}X Ho$ àH$Q>rH$aU hoVw JTET - 72209 29239
(4) BZ‘| go g^r HTET - 72209 29266
CGTET - 72209 28969
144. amOoe A{V bmobwn nmR>H$ h¡& dh AnZo H$mog© H$s nwñVH§o$ n‹T>Zo Ho$ HPTET - 72209 28535
A{V[a³V àm¶… nwñVH$mb¶ OmVm h¡ Am¡a {^ÝZ àH$aUm| H$s nwñVH|$
n‹T>Vm h¡& BVZm hr Zht amOoe ^moOZ AdH$me ‘| AnZo n[a¶moOZm AmnHo$ ³bmg Ho$ ìhmQ²>gEn Jw«n ‘| {ejm g§~§Yr g^r à{V¶moJr narjm Ho$
H$m¶© H$aVm h¡& Cgo narjmAm| Ho$ {bE n‹T>Zo Ho$ {bE AnZo {ejH$m| nong©, ‘m°S>b nong© Ed§ Aݶ Aܶ¶Z gm‘J«r ^oOr OmEJr& AmnH$m ewê$ go
AWdm A{^^mdH$m§o Ûmam H$^r ^r H$hZo H$s Oê$aV Zht h¡ Am¡a dh ‘mJ©Xe©Z {H$¶m OmEJm, Vm{H$ Amn à{V¶moJr narjm ‘| A{VerK« g’$bVm
dmñVd ‘| grIZo H$m AmZÝX boVm ZOa AmVm h¡& Cgo .......... Ho$ ê$n àmá H$a gH|$&
‘| gdm©{YH$ ~ohVa ê$n ‘| d{U©V {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡&
(1) AmÝV[aH$ ê$n go A{^ào[aV {ejmWu
(2) V϶ AmYm[aV {ejmWu
(3) {ejH$ A{^ào[aV {ejmWu
(4) ‘mnZ AmYm[aV [ejmWu

139. 140. 141. 142. 143. 144. 145. 146.

(3) (2) (2) (3) (4) (1) (3) (4)

~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
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Aܶm¶ 9
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9.1 àñVmdZm AV… g§jon ‘| H$hm Om gH$Vm h¡ {H$ emar[aH$, ‘mZ{gH$, gm§do{JH$
Am{X {H$gr ^r ÑpîQ> go Xmo ì¶p³V¶m| Ho$ ì¶p³VËd VWm {H«$¶mAm| ‘| Omo
g§gma ‘| g^r dñVwE± J{Verb hmoVr h¢, {H$gr ‘| ^r g‘mZVm Zht nm¶r OmVr&
{^ÝZVmE± nm¶r OmVr h¢, CÝh| ì¶p³VJV {d{^ÝZVmE± H$hVo h¢&
g^r O¡dr¶ nXmWm] ‘| g‘mZVm Zht hmoJr, ³¶m|{H$ CZH$m {dH$mg AnZr-AnZr
J{V go hmoVm h¡& ¶h {d{^ÝZVm ‘Zwî¶m| ‘| g~go A{YH$ ‘mÌm ‘| nm¶r OmVr
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‘mZ{gH$, g§doJmË‘H$ ê$n go nm¶r OmVr h¡& Q>‘©Z Ho$ AZwgma-
H$moB© ^r Xmo ì¶p³V g‘mZ Zht hmoVo h¢& ¶hm± VH$ {H$ Ow‹S>dm± ~ÀMm| ‘|
CÀM ¶mo½¶Vm dmbm| ¶m à{V^membr ~ÀMm| ‘| Hw$N> hX VH$ AnZr AZoH$ ¶mo½¶VmAm|
^r {H$gr Z {H$gr AmYma na {^ÝZVm XoIr Om gH$Vr h¡& dh {^ÝZVm ‘Zwî¶m| Ho$ ‘m‘bo ‘| AnZo hr ^rVa ¶m Aݶ ì¶p³V¶m| Ho$ gmW [^ÝZVmE± hmoVr h¢&
‘| hr Zht nm¶r OmVr daZ² ¶h OmZdam|, no‹S>-nm¡Ym| ‘§o ^r hmoVr h¡& O¡go Jwbm~
EH$ ì¶p³V Amdí¶H$ Zht h¡ {H$ Xÿgao go g^r ~mVmo§ ‘| g‘mZ hmo&
d J§oXo Ho$ g^r nm¡Yo EH$ O¡go Zht hmoVo h¢ d CZ‘| nwînm| ‘| ^r H$moB© g‘mZVm
CgH$m AÝVa EH$ Zht AZoH$ ê$nm| ‘| hmo gH$Vm h¡& ì¶p³VJV {d{^ÝZVmE±
Zht hmoVr&
{ZåZ{b{IV àH$ma H$s hmo gH$Vr h¡-
dV©‘mZ H$mb ‘| ì¶p³VJV {d{^ÝZVm Ho$ AZwgma hr {ejm àXmZ H$s
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OmVr h¡& ¶h EH$ ~hþV hr ‘hÎdnyU© nj h¡, {OgH$m ܶmZ AܶmnH$m| H$mo n‹T>mVo 1. emar[aH$ {d{^ÝZVmE±
g‘¶ aIZm Mm{hE& emar[aH$ {^ÝZVm go VmËn¶© a§J-ê$n, H$X, ¶m¡Z-^oX, emar[aH$ n[an³dVm
Am{X Ho$ AÝVa go h¡& bå~m ¶m N>moQ>m H$X, ‘moQ>m ¶m nVbm AmH$ma emar[aH$
[^ÝZVm H$mo àH$Q> H$aVo h¢&
9.2 ì¶p³VJV {d{^ÝZVmAm| H$s n[a^mfmE±
2. ~m¡{ÕH$ {d{^ÝZVmE±
{d{^ÝZ ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| Zo ì¶p³VJV {d{^ÝZVmAm| H$s AZoH$ n[a^mfmE± Xr h¡,
~w{Õ Ho$ AmYma na ^r ì¶p³V ‘| {d{^ÝZVm hmoVr h¡& ~m¡{ÕH$ ñVa Ho$ AmYma na
CZ‘| go Hw$N> à‘wI n[a^mfmE± {ZåZ{b{IV h¢-
ì¶p³V¶m| H$mo AgmYmaU à{V^membr go ‘y‹T> VH$ {d{^ÝZ lo{U¶m| ‘| {d^m{OV
1. Q>m¶ba Ho$ AZwgma- H$a gH$Vo h¢&
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CnbpãY, kmZ, ê${M¶m|, A{^d¥[Îm¶m| d ì¶p³VËd Ho$ bjUm| ‘| ‘mn H$s Om gH$Zo dmbr
{d{^ÝZVmAm| H$s CnpñW{V {gÕ H$s Om MwH$s h¢&
CnbpãY narjUm| go ¶h {gÕ hmo MwH$m h¡ {H$ à˶oH$ ì¶p³V ‘| AbJ-AbJ
CnbpãY ¶mo½¶VmE± hmoVr h¢& ¶h {d{^ÝZVm n‹T>Zo, {bIZo VWm J{UV grIZo ‘|
2. pñH$Za Ho$ AZwgma- ñnîQ> ê$n go {XImB© XoVr h¡& EH$ hr ~w{Õ ñVa Ho$ ~ÀMm| ‘| ^r ¶h CnbpãY
ì¶p³VJV {d{^ÝZVmAm| go h‘mam VmËn¶© ì¶p³VËd Ho$ CZ g^r nhbwAm| go h¡, {d{^ÝZVm ñnîQ> ê$n go {XImB© XoVr h¡& ~w{Õ Ho$ {d{dY VÎdm| H$s {d{^ÝZVm
{OZH$m ‘mnZ d ‘yë¶m§H$Z {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡& VWm {d{dY AZw^dm|, ê${M¶m| VWm e¡j{UH$ n¥îR>^y{‘ Ho$ H$maU CnbpãY
{d{^ÝZVm CËnÝZ hmoVr h¡&
3. H$mQ>©a dr. JwS> Ho$ AZwgma-
4. J˶mË‘H$ ¶mo½¶Vm ‘| {d{^ÝZVmE±
ì¶p³VJV {d{^ÝZVm, ì¶p³V¶m| ‘| {H$gr EH$ {deofVm ¶m AZoH$ {deofVmAm| H$mo
boH$a nm¶r OmZo dmbr {d{^ÝZVm h¡, Omo gånyU© ê$n ‘| do gmao ^oX d AÝVa h¢, Omo à˶oH$ ì¶p³V ‘| J˶mË‘H$ ¶mo½¶Vm ^r AbJ-AbJ hmoVr h¡& H$B© ì¶p³V
EH$ ì¶p³V H$mo Xÿgao go AbJ H$aVr h¡& ‘¡Ho${ZH$b H$m‘ AmgmZr go H$a gH$Vo h¢, naÝVw H$B© ì¶p³V EH$ hr Am¶w ñVa
Ho$ hmoZo na ^r H$m¶m] ‘| H${R>ZmB© AZw^d H$aVo h¢&
4. Ooåg S>´oda Ho$ AZwgma-
5. b¢{JH$ AmYma na {d{^ÝZVmE±
Am¡gV g‘yh go ‘mZ{gH$, emar[aH$ {deofVmAm| Ho$ gÝX^© ‘| g‘yh Ho$ gXñ¶ Ho$
ê$n ‘| {^ÝZVm ¶m AÝVa H$mo d¡¶p³VH$ ^oX H$hVo h¢&
Q>‘©Z Zo Hw$N> Aܶ¶Zm| Ho$ AmYma na ñÌr VWm nwê$fm| ‘| {ZåZ{b{IV
{d{^ÝZVmAm| H$s ImoO H$s h¢-
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
 àJʶ ì¶p³VJV {d{^ÝZVmE±
1. pñ̶m± S>´m°B§J Xn©U ‘o AnojmH¥$V A{YH$ Hw$eb hmoVr h¢& dmUr Am{X
H$s Ìw{Q>¶m± nwê$fm| ‘| Zmar H$s Anojm VrZ JwZm hmoVr h¡&
2. Zm[a¶m± gwPmdm| Ho$ à{V A{YH$ J«hUerb hmoVr h¢, O~{H$ nwê$fm| ‘|
Zm[a¶m| H$s Anojm A{YH$ a§J-AÝYVm hmoVr h¡&
6. ì¶p³VËd ‘| {d{^ÝZVmE±
bmoJm| ‘o§ ì¶p³VËd gå~ÝYr {d{^ÝZVmE± ^r hmoVr h¢& BZ {d{^ÝZVmAm| Ho$ AmYma
na ì¶p³V¶m| H$mo H$B© dJm] ‘| {d^m{OV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& O¡go-
1. ñà¢Ja Zo ì¶p³VËd {^ÝZVm Ho$ AmYma na N>… dJ©- g¡ÕmpÝVH$,
Am{W©H$, gm‘m{OH$, gm¡ÝX¶m©Ë‘H$, amOZr{VH$ VWm Ym{‘©H ~Zm¶o h¢&
2. Ow§J Zo ì¶p³VËd [^ÝZVm Ho$ AmYma na VrZ dJ©- AÝV‘w©Ir,
~{h‘©wIr VWm C^¶‘wIr ~Zm¶o h¢&
3. Wm°Z©S>mBH$ Zo {MÝVZerbVm Ho$ AmYma na Mma dJ©- A‘yV© {MÝVH$,
{dMmamË‘H$ {MÝVH$, dñVwnaH$ {MÝVH$ VWm Am§{JH$ AZw^d àYmZ
{MÝVH$ ~Zm¶o h¢&
4. Q>‘©Z Zo ~w{Õ ñVa Ho$ AmYma na Zm¡ dJ©- à{V^membr, à{V^membr
Ho$ {ZH$Q>, A[V CÎm‘, CÎm‘, Am¡gV, {nN>‹S>o hþE, Xþ~©b ‘mZ{gH$Vm
dmbo, ‘ÝX ~w{Õ VWm ‘y‹T ~Zm¶o h¢&
5. OmoS>©Z Zo ì¶p³VJV [^ÝZVm Ho$ AmYma na Xmo dJ©- {H«$¶merb VWm
{dMmamË‘H$ ~Zm¶o h¢&
6. Q´>mQ>a Zo ì¶p³VJV {^ÝZVm Ho$ AmYma na Xmo dJ©- pñWa ‘mZ{gH$Vm
gånÝZ VWm ApñWa ‘mZ{gH$Vm dmbo ~Zm¶o h¢&
7. ^mdmË‘H$ {d{^ÝZVmE±
h‘ XoIVo h¢ {H$ Hw$N> ì¶p³V OëXr hr H«$mo{YV hmo OmVo h¢ Am¡a Hw$N> Xoa go&
Hw$N> ì¶p³V ~hþV hr emÝV ahVo h¢ Am¡a Hw$N> OëXr hr {M‹T> OmVo h¢& g§doJm| H$s
¶h {^ÝZVm ì¶p³VËd g‘m¶moOZ Ho$ {bE g‘ñ¶m hmoVr h¡&
8. M[aÌ ‘| {d{^ÝZVmE±
M[aÌ ^r g^r ì¶p³V¶m| H$m g‘mZ Zht hmoVm& Hw$N> AÀN>o M[aÌ dmbo hmoVo h¢
Am¡a Hw$N> Iam~, Hw$N> H$m‘wH$ hmoVo h¢, Hw$N> gÁOZ Am{X& M[aÌ H$s {deofVmE±
hr ì¶p³V-ì¶p³V ‘| ^oX CËnÝZ H$aVr h¢&
9. CnbpãY H$s {d{^ÝZVmE±
g^r ì¶p³V¶m| H$s e¡{jH$ AWdm ì¶mdhm[aH$ OrdZ ‘|o CnbpãY g‘mZ Zht
hmoVr, H$moB© H$‘ n[al‘ go A{YH$ n[aUm‘ àmá H$aVm h¡ Vmo H$moB© A{YH$
n[al‘ go H$‘& {ejH$ EH$ hr dmVmdaU ‘| n‹T>mVm h¡, naÝVw g^r N>mÌm| Ho$
A§H$ g‘mZ Zht AmVo&
10. A{YJ‘ H$s {d{^ÝZVmE±
{H$gr H$m¶© H$mo grIZo H$s ¶mo½¶Vm ^r à˶oH$ ì¶p³V ‘| {^ÝZ hmoVr h¡& H$moB©
OëXr grIVm h¡, Vmo H$mooB© Xoa go& gmW grIr JB© {H«$¶m go bm^ CR>mZo H$s
¶mo½¶Vm ‘| ^r {^ÝZVm nmB© OmVr h¡&
9.4 ì¶p³VJV {d{^ÝZVmAm| Ho$ H$maU
ì¶p³VJV {d{^ÝZVmAm| Ho$ nm¶o OmZo Ho$ AZoH$ H$maU {dÚ‘mZ h¢, {OZ‘| go
Hw$N> H$maU {ZåZ{b{IV h¢-
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
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n¥îR> 153
1. d§emZwH«$‘
ì¶p³VJV {d{^ÝZVmAm| H$m EH$ à‘wI H$maU d§emZwH«$‘ h¡& ì¶p³V H$mo H$B© JwU
AnZo d§e go {damgV ‘| {‘bVr h¢, O¡g-Mohao Ho$ Z³e, Am±Im| H$m a§J, ~mb,
a§J-ê$n, {ga H$m AmH$ma; Hw$N> ~r‘m[a¶m±- a³VMmn, H¢$ga, Q>r.~r., Am{X H$s
Amoa àd¥{Îm, Hw$N> ‘mZ{gH$ {deofVmE±, O¡go- ~w[Õ, A‘yV© {MÝVZ, ÑpîQ>H$moU,
g§H$sU©VmE± Am{X& d§emZwJV {d{^ÝZVmAm| Ho$ H$maU ì¶p³V H$m emar[aH$ Ed§
‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg ^r Aݶ ì¶p³V¶m| go {^ÝZ hmoVm h¡&
2. dmVmdaU
ì¶p³VJV {d{^ÝZVmAm| H$mo à^m{dV H$aZo ‘| dmVmdaU H$m ‘hÎdnyU© hmW h¡&
dmVmdaU ‘| n[adV©Z ~ÀMo Ho$ ì¶p³VËd Ho$ n[adV©Z ‘| à{V{~på~V hmoVm h¡&
‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ ÑpîQ>H$moU go ì¶p³V Ho$ dmVmdaU ‘| do g^r CËàoaUmE± gpå‘{bV
h¢ Omo dh OÝ‘ go ‘aU VH$ àmá H$aVm h¡& Bg‘| ^m¡{VH$, gm‘m{OH$,
Z¡{VH$, amOZr{VH$, Am{W©H$ Ed§ gm§ñH¥${VH$ ep³V¶m± gpå‘{bV h¢& AmYw{ZH$
‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| H$m {dídmg h¡ {H$ d§emZwH«$‘ VWm dmVmdaU XmoZm| ì¶p³VJV
{d{^ÝZVmAm| H$mo à^m{dV H$aVo h¢&
3. Om{V, àOm{V Ed§ amîQ>´ H$m à^md
{d{^ÝZ Om{V¶m| H$o bmoJm| ‘| {d{^ÝZVm ñnîQ> ê$n go {XImB© XoVr h¡& àm¶… ¶h
XoIm J¶m h¡ {H$ joÌr¶ Ho$ b‹S>Ho$ ‘| AnojmH¥$V A{YH$ gmhg hmoVm h¡ Am¡a EH$
ì¶mnmar Ho$ b‹S>Ho$ ‘| ì¶mnma H$s A{YH$ àd¥[Îm hmoVr h¡& Bg àH$ma {d{^ÝZ
amîQ>´m| Ho$ bmoJm| Ho$ M[aÌ, ì¶p³VËd VWm ‘mZ{gH$ ¶mo½¶VmAm| ‘| ^r {d{^ÝZVm
hmoVr h¡& ¶h {d{^ÝZVm ^m¡Jmo{bH$, gm‘m{OH$ Ed§ gm§ñH¥${VH$ dmVmdaU ‘| n¡Xm
hmoVr h¡& H$B© Aܶ¶Zm| go ¶h ~mV {gÕ hmo MwH$s h¡ {H$ A‘o[aH$Z VWm ZrJ«mo
Om{V Ho$ bmoJm| ‘| {d{^ÝZVmE± h¢, Mr{Z¶m| VWm Omnm{Z¶m| ‘| {d{^ÝZVmE± h¢,
A§J«oOm| VWm ^maVr¶m| ‘| {d{^ÝZVmE± h¡ Am{X&
4. b¢{JH$ {d{^ÝZVmE±
b‹S>H$m| VWm b‹S>{H$¶m| Ho$ {dH$mg ‘| CZH$s b¢{JH$ {d{^ÝZVm ñnîQ> ê$n go
ÑpîQ>JmoMa hmoVr h¡& b‹S>{H$¶m| H$m emar[aH$ {dH$mg b‹S>H$m| go EH$ ¶m Xmo gmb
nhbo hmoVm h¡& 11 go 14 df© H$s AdñWm Ho$ ~rM ‘| b‹S>{H$¶m± b‹S>H$m| H$s
Anojm A{YH$ bå~r Am¡a ^mar hmo OmVr h¢, naÝVw 15 df© H$s AdñWm ‘| b‹S>Ho$
A{YH$ VoOr go ~‹T>Zo bJVo h¢&
5. Am¶w VWm ~w{Õ
Am¶w H$s d¥{Õ go emar[aH$, ~m¡{ÕH$ VWm ^mdmË‘H$ {dH$mg ^r hmoVm h¡& ~w{Õ
{d{^ÝZVm Ho$ H$maU ì¶p³V¶m| ‘| ^r {d{^ÝZVm CËnÝZ hmoVr h¡& {OZ ~ÀMm| H$m
~m¡{ÕH$ ñVa VWm ‘mZ{gH$ AdñWm Am¡gV go ZrMo hmoVr h¡, CÝh| grIZo ‘|
~hþV H${R>ZmB© hmoVr h¢, O~{H$ Am¡gV ~w{Õ dmbo ~ÀMm| H$mo grIZo ‘| AmgmZr
hmoVr h¡&
6. ñd^md Am¡a ^mdm| ‘| pñWaVm
Hw$N> ì¶{³V ñd^md go hr OëXr H$m‘ H$aZo dmbo hmoVo h¢ O~{H$ Hw$N> ì¶p³V
Yrao-Yrao H$m‘ H$aVo h¢& Hw$N> ì¶{³V {dZmoX{චhmoVo h¢, Vmo Hw$N> ì¶p³V¶m| H$mo
OëXr Jwñgm Am OmVm h¡& ì¶p³V H$s ^mdmË‘H$ pñWaVm emar[aH$ Ed§ ‘mZ{gH$
VÎdm| VWm dmVmdaU Ho$ H$maU {d{^ÝZ ê$n YmaU H$a boVr h¢& ^mdmË‘H$
 n¥îR> 154 ì¶p³VJV {d{^ÝZVmE±
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
pñWaVm H$r ¶h {d{^ÝZVm ì¶p³VJV {d{^ÝZVm H$m H$maU ~ZVr h¢
7. Am{W©H$ pñW{V Am¡a {ejm
‘mVm-{nVm H$s Am{W©H$ pñW{V VWm {ejm go ^r ì¶p³VJV {d{^ÝZVmE± n¡Xm
hmoVr h¢& Xmo Am{W©H$ dJm] Ho$ ~ÀMmo§ ‘| g‘mZVm hmoZm Agå^d h¡&
9.5 {ejm Ho$ joÌ ‘| d¡¶p³VH$ {^ÝZVm H$m
‘hÎd Ed§ Cn¶mo{JVm
{ejm Ho$ joÌ ‘| ‘Zmo{dkmZ Zo H«$mpÝVH$mar n[adV©Z {H$E h¢& H$^r {ejm {ejH$
Ho$pÝÐV Wr, ‘Zmo{dkmZ Ho$ àdoe go dh ~mb Ho$pÝÐV hmo JB©& BVZm hr Zht
A{nVw d¡¶p³VH$ {^ÝZVm Ho$ Aܶ¶Z go Cgo nyU© ê$n go ~mb Ho$pÝÐV ~ZmZo
Ho$ à¶ËZ ewê$ hmo JE& dV©‘mZ ‘| {ejm Ho$ joÌ ‘| d¡¶p³VH$ {^ÝZVm H$m ‘hÎd
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~‹T> J¶m h¡, CgH$s Cn¶mo{JVm ~‹T> JB© h¡ Am¡a {ejm Ho$ ha joÌ ‘| CgH$m
Cn¶moJ {H$¶m Om ahm h¡& {ejm Ho$ joÌ ‘o| d¡¶p³VH$ {^ÝZVm H$m ‘hÎd {ZåZ
àH$ma g‘Pm Om gH$Vm h¡-
1. {ejm Ho$ CÔoí¶ {ZYm©aU ‘|
dV©‘mZ ‘| {H$gr ^r ñVa H$s {ejm Ho$ CÔoí¶ Cg ñVa Ho$ Am¡gV {ejm{W©¶m|
H$s ÑpîQ> go {ZYm©[aV {H$E OmVo h¢ Am¡a CÀM A§em| Ho$ ñWmZ na ¶WmW© Ho$
YamVb na {ZpíMV {H$E OmVo h¢&
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2. [ejm H$s nmR²>¶M¶m© Ho$ {Z‘m©U ‘|
dV©‘mZ ‘| gd©àW‘ {H$gr ^r ñVa Ho$ {ejm{W©¶m| H$mo d¡¶p³VH$ {^ÝZVm Ho$
AmYma na VrZ dJm]-{ZåZ, ‘ܶ Am¡a CÀM ‘| dJuH¥$V {H$¶m OmVm h¡, ³¶m|{H$
{H$gr ^r g‘yh ‘| A{YH$Va (bJ^J 68 à{VeV) {ejm{W©¶m| Ho$ JwU {deof
‘| àmám§H$ ‘ܶ‘mZ AWm©V² Am¡gV H$s Amoa PwHo$ hmoVo h¢, bJ^J 27 à{VeV
Ho$ Am¡gV go Hw$N> Xÿa hmoVo h¢ Am¡a bJ^J 4.5 à{VeV Ho$ àmám§H$ Am¡gV go
~hþV H$‘ AWdm ~hþV A{YH$ hmoVo h¢, Bgr{bE {H$gr ^r ñVa H$s nmR²>¶M¶m©
H$m bJ^J 70 à{VeV ^mJ Am¡gV {ejm{W©¶m| H$s ÑpîQ> go V¡¶ma {H$¶m OmVm
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h¡, bJ^J 15 à{VeV ^mJ Am¡gV go ZrMo Ho$ N>mÌm| H$s ÑpîQ> go V¡¶ma {H$¶m
OmVm h¡ Am¡a CgH$m bJ^J 15 à{VeV ^mJ Eogm hmoVm h¡, {Ogo CÀM ñVa Ho$
N>mÌ hr gabVm go g‘P gH$Vo h¢& gmW hr ghnmR²>¶Mmar {H«$¶mAm| Ho$ {ZYm©aU
‘| ^r d¡¶p³VH$ {^ÝZVm H$m ܶmZ aIm OmVm h¡&
3. N>mÌm| Ho$ dJuH$aU ‘|
dV©‘mZ ‘| Bg ~mV na ~hþV ~b {X¶m OmVm h¡ {H$ {H$gr ^r H$jm Ho$ N>mÌm|
H$m CZH$s emar[aH$ Ed§ ‘mZ{gH$ j‘VmAm| Ho$ AmYma na H$‘ go H$‘ VrZ
dJm] ‘| dJuH$aU {H$¶m OmE-{ZåZ, Am¡gV Am¡a CÀM& AmXe© pñW{V Vmo dh
‘mZr OmVr h¡, {Og‘| BZ VrZm| dJm] Ho$ N>mÌm| H$s {ejm ì¶dñWm AbJ-AbJ
H$s OmE, bo{H$Z Ohm± Eogm gå^d Z hmo, CZ na ì¶p³VJV ê$n go ܶmZ
{X¶m OmVm h¡&
4. H$jm H$o AmH$ma {ZYm©aU ‘|
¶{X d¡¶p³VH$ {^ÝZVm Ho$ AmYma na N>mÌm| H$mo {ZåZ, Am¡gV Am¡a CÀM VrZ
g‘ê$n g‘yhm| ‘| {d^m{OV {H$¶m OmVm h¡ Vmo ^r, Am¡a ¶{X CÝh| EH$ hr gmW
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
àJʶ
EH$ hr H$jm ‘| n‹T>m¶m OmVm h¡ Vmo ^r, H$jm H$m AmH$ma N>moQ>m hmoZm Mm{hE,
Cgr pñW{V ‘| {ejH$ CZH$s d¡¶p³VH$ {^ÝZVm Ho$ AmYma na ì¶p³VJV ê$n
go ghm¶Vm H$a gH$Vo h¢& {eew ñVa na EH$ H$jm dJ© ‘| 25, ~mb ñVa na
30, {H$emoa ñVa na 40 Am¡a Cggo D$na Ho$ ñVa na 50 go A{YH$ N>mÌ-
N>mÌmAm| H$s g§»¶m Zht hmoZr Mm{hE&
5. {ejU {d{Y¶m| Ho$ M¶Z ‘|
dV©‘mZ ‘| CZ {ejU {d{Y¶m§o H$mo AÀN>m ‘mZm OmVm h¡ Omo H$jm {deof Ho$
N>mÌm| Ho$ AZwHy$b hm|, {OZ‘| A{YH$Va N>mÌm| H$s ê${M hmo, {OZ‘| N>mÌ AnZr
d¡¶p³VH$ {^ÝZVm Ho$ AmYma na AnZr J{V go grI gH|$& Bg ÑpîQ> go {eew
ñVa na ‘m°ÝQ>ogar àUmbr Am¡a {H$ÊS>a JmQ>©Z àUmbr AÀN>r ‘mZr OmVr h¢
Am¡a ~mb Ed§ {H$emoa ñVa na ¶moOZm {d{Y Am¡a A{^H«${‘H$ AZwXoeZ AÀN>r
{d{Y¶m± ‘mZr OmVr h¢&
6. {ejU gmYZm| Ho$ M¶Z ‘|
h‘ OmZVo h¢ {H$ g^r ~ÀMo g^r {ejU gmYZm| ‘| g‘mZ ê${M Zht boVo AV…
Amdí¶H$ h¡ {H$ {eew, ~mb Am¡a {H$emoa ñVa na {^ÝZ-{^ÝZ {ejU gmYZm|
H$m à¶moJ {H$¶m OmE& dV©‘mZ ‘o§ Ñí¶-lì¶ gmYZm|-Amoda hoS> àmoOo³Q>a,
Q>obr{dOZ Am¡a H$å߶yQ>a H$m à¶moJ ~‹T>Vm Om ahm h¡, na BZ‘| ^r g^r ~ÀMo
g‘mZ ê$n go ê${M Zht boVo, Omo {Og‘| ê${M b| CÝh| Cgr Ho$ Ûmam grIZo
Ho$ Adga {XE OmZo Mm{hE&
7. d¡¶p³VH$ ghm¶Vm ‘|
~ÀMm| ‘| d¡¶p³VH$ {^ÝZVm BVZr A{YH$ hmoVr h¡ {H$ g~ ÑpîQ>¶m| go g‘ê$n
g‘yh ~ZmZm H${R>Z hmoVm h¡ Bgr{bE d¡¶p³VH$ ghm¶Vm Amdí¶H$ hmoVr h¡&
¶h ghm¶Vm H$B© ê$nm| ‘| XoZr hmoVr h¡& H$jm ‘| nmR> H$m {dH$mg H$aVo g‘¶
àm¶… àíZ nyN>o OmVo h¢, {ejH$m| H$mo Mm{hE {H$ àíZm| H$m {dVaU nyar H$jm ‘|
H$a|, gab àíZm| Ho$ CÎma {ZåZ ñVa Ho$ N>mÌm| go nyN>|, gm‘mݶ àíZm| Ho$ CÎma
gm‘mݶ ñVa Ho$ N>mÌm| go nyN>| Am¡a H${R>Z àíZm| Ho$ CÎma CÀM ñVa Ho$ N>mÌm|
go nyN>| Am¡a àíZm| Ho$ ghr CÎma Z XoZo na N>mÌm| H$s H${R>ZmB© H$mo g‘P| Am¡a
Cgo Xÿa H$a|& H$‘Omoa N>mÌm| H$mo AbJ go g‘¶ XoH$a ^r CZH$s d¡¶p³VH$ ê$n
go ghm¶Vm H$aZr Mm{hE&
8. J¥hH$m¶© H$s ‘mÌm ‘|
d¡¶p³VH$ {^ÝZVm H$m nhbm VH$mOm ¶h h¡ {H$ {eew ñVa na ~hþV H$‘ ‘mÌm ‘|
J¥hH$m¶© {X¶m OmE, ~mb Ed§ {H$emoa ñVa na Cggo A{YH$ ‘mÌm ‘| Am¡a D$na
Ho$ N>mÌm| H$mo ñdmܶm¶ H$s Amoa àd¥Îm {H$¶m OmE& {H$gr ämr H$jm Ho$ N>mÌm| ‘|
go {ZåZ ñVa Ho$ N>mÌm| H$mo AnojmH¥$V H$‘, Am¡gV ñVa Ho$ N>mÌm| H$mo Am¡gV
Am¡a CÀM ñVa Ho$ N>mÌm| H$mo AnojmH¥$V A{YH$ J¥hH$m¶© {X¶m OmE&
9. e¡{jH$ Ed§ ì¶mdgm{¶H$ {ZX}eZ ‘|
d¡¶p³VH$ {^ÝZVm Ho$ kmZ go A~ ¶h Amdí¶H$ g‘Pm OmVm h¡ {H$ N>mÌm|
H$mo CZH$s emar[aH$ Ed§ ‘mZ{gH$ j‘Vm Ed§ ê${M VWm ê$PmZ Ho$ AmYma na
Aܶ¶Z Ho$ {df¶ Ed§ joÌ MwZZo ‘| ghm¶Vm H$s OmE Am¡a CZH$s A{Yj‘Vm Ed§
{d{eîQ> ¶mo½¶Vm Ho$ AmYma na CÝh| à{ejU hoVw H$m¡eb AWdm ì¶dgm¶ M¶Z
‘| ghm¶Vm Xr OmE& Bgo hr H«$‘e… e¡{jH$ Ed§ ì¶mdgm{¶H$ {ZX}eZ H$hVo h¢&
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9.6 ì¶p³VJV {d{^ÝZVmAm| na AmYm[aV
{ejU à{d{Y¶m±
ì¶p³VJV {ejU H$s à‘wI à{d{Y¶m± {ZåZ{b{IV h¢-
1. àmoOo³Q> àUmbr
Bg nÕ{V H$m OÝ‘ A‘o[aH$m ‘| hþAm VWm Bg nÕ{V Ho$ OÝ‘XmVm {H$bn¡{Q>´H$
Wo& CZHo$ AZwgma-
àmoOo³Q> nyao ‘Z go {H$¶m OmZo dmbm EH$ CÔoí¶nyU© H$m¶© h¡ Omo gm‘m{OH$ dmVmdaU
‘| gånÝZ hmoVm h¡&
Bg àUmbr ‘| N>mÌ AnZr ê${M go ¶moOZm H$m M¶Z H$aVm h¡, O¡go-
{‘Q²>Q>r Ho$ ~V©Z ~ZmZm, Jw{‹S>¶m H$m Ka ~ZmZm, ZmQ>H$ IobZm, ~mJdmZr H$aZm,
OmZdam| H$mo nmbZm Am{X& ¶h {d{Y H$aHo$ grImo {gÕmÝV na ~b XoVr h¡&
Bg {d{Y ‘| N>mÌm| H$mo EH$-EH$ H$m¶© gm¢n {X¶m OmVm h¡, {Ogo do {‘b-Owb
H$a nyam H$aVo h¢ O¡go-gm§ñH¥${VH$ H$m¶©H«$‘ ¶m {nH${ZH$ H$s ì¶dñWm H$aZm&
¶moOZm Ho$ nXm| ‘| n[apñW{V {Z‘m©U, M¶Z, {Z¶moOZ, nyU© H$aZm, ‘yë¶m§H$Z
VWm A§H$Z à‘wI h¢& {H$bn¡{Q>´H$ Ho$ AZwgma-
¶moOZm, gm‘m{OH$ dmVmdaU ‘| nyU© g§b½ZVm go {H$¶m OmZo dmbm CÔoí¶nyU© H$m¶© h¡&
2. S>mëQ>Z àUmbr
Bg àUmbr H$mo {‘g hoboZ nmH©$hñQ>© Zo {X¶m& Bg àUmbr ‘| N>mÌ H$mo AnZr
¶mo½¶Vm, j‘Vm d ê${M Ho$ AZwgma H$m¶© H$aZo H$s ñdVÝÌVm hmoVr h¡& Cgo
g‘¶ Ho$ ~ÝYZ ‘| Zht ~m±Ym OmVm& {dÚmWu Mmho Vmo gmao {XZ EH$ hr {df¶ n‹T>
gH$Vm h¡& Bg‘| à˶oH$ {df¶ Ho$ {b¶o à¶moJembm ~ZmB© OmVr h¡& Bg àUmbr
H$s ‘w»¶ {deofVm H$m¶© H$m R>oH$m h¡ {Ogo N>mÌ H$mo {ZpíMV Ad{Y ‘| nyam H$aZm
hmoVm h¡& df© ^a Ho$ H$m¶© H$mo dh ‘hrZm|, gámhm| d {XZm| ‘| ~m±Q> gH$Vm h¡&
Bg àUmbr ‘| AܶmnH$ ‘mÌ EH$ nW-àXe©H$ Ho$ ê$n ‘| H$m¶© H$aVm h¡& {‘g
hoboZ nmH©$hñQ>© Zo S>mëQ>Z ¶moOZm Ho$ AW© H$mo ñnîQ> H$aVo hþE {bIm h¡ {H$-
S>mëQ>Z à¶moJembm ¶moOZm {ejU H$s àUmbr AWdm nÕ{V Zht h¡& ¶h e¡{jH$
nwZJ©R>Z H$s EH$ {d{Y h¡, Omo grIZ| H$s gå~Õ {H«$¶mAm| ‘| EH$Vm ñWm{nV H$aVr h¡&
3. {dZo{Q>H$m àUmbr
Bg ¶moOZm H$m à{VnmXZ S>m°. H$mb©Q>Z dmedZ© Zo {H$¶m& Bg ¶moOZm ‘| ^r
~mbH$ H$mo H$m¶© H$aZo H$s nyU© ñdVÝÌVm ahVr h¡& Bg‘| nyao nmR²>¶H«$‘ H$mo
N>moQ>r-N>moQ>r BH$mB©¶m| ‘| ~m±Q>m J¶m h¡& N>mÌ EH$ BH$mB© H$m g’$bVmnyd©H$
Aܶ¶Z H$aZo Ho$ ~mX hr Xÿgar BH$mB© H$m Aܶ¶Z H$aVm h¡& N>mÌ AnZo kmZ
H$s narjm ñd¶§ H$aVm h¡& AܶmnH$ ‘mÌ ‘mJ©-Xe©H$ hmoVm h¡& Bg ¶moOZm ‘|
H$moB© ~mbH$ AZwÎmrU© Zht hmoVm VWm à˶oH$ {df¶ ‘| ~mbH$ H$mo AbJ go J«oS>
{X¶m OmVm h¡& Bg {d{Y ‘| ~mbH$ H$m B©‘mZXma hmoZm Amdí¶H$ h¡&
4. S>oH«$mobr àUmbr
Bg àUmbr Ho$ OÝ‘XmVm S>m.° Amo{dS> S>Ho $« mobr Wo Omo ~ob{Á¶‘ ‘| àmo’$o ga Wo&
CZHo$ AZwgma ~mbH$ H$mo {ejm CgHo$ OrdZ go hr {‘bZr Mm{h¶o& Bg {d{Y ‘|
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h¡& {’$a CÝh| CZH$s j‘Vm Ho$ AZwgma AmJo ~‹T>Zo {X¶m OmVm h¡& S>Ho $« mobr àUmbr
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
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S>oH«$mobr {d{Y ~mbH$ H$mo ‘yV© Ed§ A‘yV© H$m¶m] H$mo H$aZo H$m Adga àXmZ H$a AmË‘
àH$meZ H$mo CËgm{hV H$aVr h¡& ¶h {d{Y OrdZ Ho$ {b¶o, OrdZ Ûmam {gÕmÝV na
AmYm[aV h¡&
5. H$m°ÝQ>´o³Q> àUmbr
¶h ¶moOZm EH$ àH$ma go S>mëQ>Z àUmbr VWm {dZo{Q>H$m àUmbr H$m {‘bm-
Owbm ê$n h¡& Bg‘| N>mÌ H$mo gámh, ‘hrZo ¶m df©^a H$m H$m¶© EH$ gmW hr Xo
{X¶m OmVm h¡& H$moB© g‘¶-gmaUr H$m ~ÝYZ Zht hmoVm Am¡a Z hr nmR²>¶H«$‘ Ho$
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dh Mmho Vmo df© H$m H$m¶© 8 ‘hrZo ‘| nyam H$a gH$Vm h¡ Am¡a ¶{X dh {H$Ýhr
H$maUm| go H$m¶© nyam Zht H$a nmVm, Vmo dh Cgo AJbo df© nyam H$a gH$Vm h¡&
H$m¶© H$s g‘m{á na CgH$s narjm br OmVr h¡ Am¡a CgHo$ Ag’$b hmoZo na
CgHo$ H$maUm| H$mo OmZZo H$m à¶mg {H$¶m OmVm h¡&
6. {H«$¶m-¶moOZm
{H«$¶m-¶moOZm dñVwV… H$moB© ¶moOZm Zht h¡, ~pëH$ {ejU à{H«$¶m H$m EH$
nhby h¡& AܶmnH$ H$m ¶h à¶mg ahVm h¡ {H$ CgHo$ {dÚmWu H$jm ‘| nyao
g‘¶ g{H«$¶ ~Zo ah|& Bg{b¶o O~ VH$ {dÚmWu àíZ nyN>H$a nmR²>¶-dñVw H$mo
AmË‘gmV H$aZo H$s H$mo{ee Zht H$aVm, AܶmnH$ H$mo gÝVwpîQ> Zht hmoVr& Bg
{d{Y ‘| AܶmnH$ N>mÌ H$s {H«$¶mAm| H$m {ZarjU H$aVm h¡& N>mÌ H$mo dhr {H«$¶m
gm¢nr Om¶o, Omo CgHo$ ‘mZ{gH$ ñVa Ho$ AZwHy$b hmo&
Bg {d{Y H$m à¶moJ H$~ {H$¶m Om¶o? Bg gå~ÝY ‘| emoBZMoZ Zo
{bIm h¡ {H$
{H«$¶m-¶moOZm {d{Y H$m à¶moJ Cg g‘¶ {H$¶m OmVm h¡ O~ {H$gr {df¶ ‘| {ejU
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7. A{^H«${‘V AZwXoeZ
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àUmbr ‘| h‘ nmR²>¶H«$‘ H$mo N>moQ>r-N>moQ>r BH$mB¶m| ‘| ~m±Q> boVo h¡, d¡go hr ¶o
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àmoJ«m‘ H$mo boH$a MbVm h¡ VWm Cgo nyam H$aVm h¡& EH$ àmoJ«m‘ Ho$ g’$bVmnyd©H$
H$a boZo na hr Cgo Xÿgam àmoJ«m‘ {X¶m OmVm h¡& Omo {dÚmWu àW‘ à¶mg ‘|
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nwañH$ma {X¶m OmVm h¡& N>mÌ H$mo {ZYm©[aV g‘¶ gr‘m ‘| hr gmao àmoJ«m‘ H$aZo
hmoVo h¢& S>r. Eb. Hw$H$ Ho$ AZwgma-
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{b¶o à¶w³V EH$ n¶m©¶ h¡&
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8. {H$ÊS>aJmQ>©Z àUmbr
Bg àUmbr Ho$ OÝ‘XmVm ’«$mo~ob h¢& {H$ÊS>aJmQ>©Z eãX H$m AW© h¡ ~ÀMm| H$m
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nZnVm h¡& Bg àUmbr ‘| ~mbH$ H$mo nwñVH$m| go Zht bmXm OmVm ~pëH$ Cgo 1. d¡¶p³VH$ {d{^ÝZVm H$m AW© h¡-
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(3) g^r ì¶p³V¶m| H$m ì¶p³VËd g‘mZ hmoZm
9. ‘m°ÊQ>ogar àUmbr (4) Cnamo³V g^r
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ldU, ñne©, ñdmX Ed§ K«mU ep³V¶m| VWm Kaoby CnH$aUm| Ho$ Ûmam {ejm Xr {H$¶m Wm?
OmVr h¡& (1) Ooåg S´>oda Zo (2) pñH$Za Zo
10. øy[apñQ>H$ nÕ{V (3) Q>m°¶ba Zo (4) JmëQ>Z Zo
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~Zm¶o aIVr h¡& Bg nÕ{V Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘| ZZ Ho$ {dMma h¢- (4) Cnamo³V g^r
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aIZm h¡, Bgr{b¶o ¶h ñnîQ> ê$n go Iob-àUmbr h¡&
5. AܶmnZ Ho$ g‘¶ AܶmnH$ H$mo {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go {H$gH$m gdm©{YH$
ܶmZ aIZm Mm{hE?
11. ~o{gH$ {ejm àUmbr (1) {df¶dñVw
Bg àUmbr Ho$ OÝ‘XmVm Jm±Yr Or Wo& ¶h àUmbr ~mbH$ Ho$ gdmªJrU {dH$mg (2) {dÚm{W©¶m| H$s Am¶w
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(1) Wm°Z©S>mBH$ Zo (2) {Jb’$moS>© Zo
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(2) (3) (4) (4) (3) (2) (4) (3)

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1. dmVmdaU 2. d§emZwH«$‘ AbJ-AbJ H$a XoVm h¡& Amn ³¶m H$a|Jo?
3. Am¶w (1) Cg na h‘oem ZOa aI|Jo&
(1) 1 Ed§ 2 (2) Ho$db 2 (2) CgHo$ {Okmgw ñd^md H$mo àmoËgm{hV H$a|Jo Am¡a CgH$s D$Om© H$mo ghr
(3) 1 Ed§ 3 (4) ¶o g^r {Xem ‘| g§M[aV H$a|Jo&
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10. gr‘m ha nmR> H$mo ~hþV OëXr grI boVr h¡, O~{H$ brZm Cgo grIZo (4) Ba’$mZ H$mo {Ibm¡Zm| go H$^r ^r Zht IobZo X|Jo&
‘| Á¶mXm g‘¶ boVr h¡& ¶h {dH$mg Ho$ ........... {gÕmÝV H$mo Xem©Vm
h¡& 18. ì¶p³VJV {d{^ÝZVm H$m/Ho$ H$maU h¡/h¢-
(1) d¡¶p³VH$ {^ÝZVm (2) AÝV…gå~ÝY (1) emar[aH$ AmYma (2) ‘mZ{gH$ AmYma
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(1) ~w{Õ narjU
(4) AnZo n[adma Ho$ Zm‘ H$s »¶m{V-àm{ßV H$s BÀN>m
(2) ì¶p³V B{Vhmg {d{Y
12. {ZåZ ‘| go H$m¡Zgm ì¶p³VJV {d{^ÝZVm H$m àH$ma Zht h¡? (3) ì¶p³VJV narjU
(1) ì¶p³VËd ‘| {d{^ÝZVm (2) A{^d¥{Îm ‘| {d{^ÝZVm (4) AÝVX©e©Z {d{Y
(3) D±$MmB© ‘| {d{^ÝZVm (4) CnbpãY ‘| {d{^ÝZVm
21. d¡¶p³VH$ {d{^ÝZVm na AmYm[aV {ejU {d{Y h¡-
13. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| H$m¡Z ì¶p³VJV {d{^ÝZVm H$m àH$ma h¡? (1) S>mëQ>Z àUmbr (2) àmoOo³Q> àUmbr
(1) ê${M (3) ‘m°ÊQ>ogar àUmbr (4) Cnamo³V g^r
(2) A{YJ‘
22. d¡¶p³VH$ {d{^ÝZVm na AmYm[aV {d{Y Zht h¡-
(3) gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg ‘| {d{^ÝZVm
(1) S>oH«$mobr (2) {dZo{Q>H$m
(4) Cnamo³V g^r
(3) {H$ÊS>aJmQ>©Z (4) ì¶m»¶mZ {d{Y
14. ì¶p³VJV {^ÝZVm Ho$ H$maH$ gX¡d hr hmoVo h¢-
(1) d§emJV (2) gm‘m{OH$ Ed§ Am{W©H$
23. d¡¶p³VH$ {d{^ÝZVm H$m/Ho$ H$maU h¡/h¢-
(1) AmZwd§{eH$Vm
(3) g§doJmË‘H$ Ed§ ì¶p³VJV (4) n¶m©daUr¶ Ed§ d§emJV
(2) dmVmdaU
15. {ejmWu d¡¶p³VH$ {^ÝZVm àX{e©V H$aVo h¢& AV… EH$ {ejH$ H$mo- (3) emar[aH$ ‘mZ{gH$ {dMmam| H$m à^md
(1) A{YJ‘ H$s EH$g‘mZ J{V na ~b XoZm Mm{hE& (4) Cnamo³V g^r
(2) grIZo Ho$ {d{dY AZw^dm| H$mo CnbãY H$amZm Mm{hE&
24. {H$ÊS>aJmQ>©Z àUmbr Ho$ OÝ‘XmVm h¢-
(3) H$R>moa AZwemgZ gw{ZpíMV H$aZm Mm{hE&
(1) ê$gmo (2) ’«$mo~ob
(4) narjmAm| H$s g§»¶m ~‹T>m XoZr Mm{hE&
(3) noñQ>mbm°Or (4) BZ‘| go H$moB© Zht
16. ì¶p³VJV {ejmWu EH$-Xÿgao go ........... ‘| {^ÝZ hmoVo h¢&
25. {dZo{Q>H$m àUmbr Ho$ OÝ‘XmVm h¢-
(1) {dH$mg H$s Xa
(1) H$mb©Q>Z dmedZ©
(2) {dH$mg-H«$‘
(2) Amo{dS> S>oH«$mobr
(3) {dH$mg H$s gm‘mݶ j‘Vm
(3) S>ãë¶y. E. ~Q>©
(4) d¥{Õ Ed§ {dH$mg Ho$ {gÕmÝVm|
(4) BZ‘| go H$moB© Zht
9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25.
(4) (1) (2) (3) (4) (3) (2) (1) (2) (4) (2) (4) (2) (4) (4) (2) (1)

~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
 n¥îR> 158 ì¶p³VJV {d{^ÝZVmE± àJʶ
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
26. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go {H$g ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ Zo d¡¶p³VH$ {^ÝZVmAm| H$s 33. g’$b Ed§ à^mdr {ejU Ho$ {b¶o Amdí¶H$ h¡-
CËn{Îm ‘| AmZwd§{eH$Vm H$s ^y{‘H$m H$mo gdm©{YH$ ‘hÎd {X¶m? (1) ì¶p³VJV {d{^ÝZVmAm| H$m kmZ
(1) dmQ>gZ Zo (2) JmëQ>Z Zo (2) AnZo doVZ H$m kmZ
(3) {~Zo Zo (4) dwÊQ Zo> (3) ghH$‘u H$s ¶mo½¶VmAm| H$m kmZ
(4) Cnamo³V g^r H$m kmZ
27. ‘mZd Om{V ‘| do H$m¡Zgo d¡¶p³VH$ {ZYm©aH$ VÎd hmoVo h¢, Omo ‘mZd
Om{V H$s {d{dYVm H$mo ~VmVo h¢? 34. {H$gr ~mbH$ ‘| d¡¶p³VH$ {d{^ÝZVm H$m H$maU Zht h¡-
(1) n¶m©daU H$m AÝVa (1) d§emZwH«$‘ (2) n[an³dVm
(2) AmZwd§{eH$Vm H$m AÝVa (3) dmVmdaU (4) BZ‘| go H$moB© Zht
(3) AmZwd§{eH$Vm d n¶m©daU H$s AÝV…{H«$¶m
35. {H$gr ~mbH$ H$s Am¶w ‘| d¥{Õ hmoZo Ho$ gmW-gmW Cg‘| CËnÝZ hmoZo
(4) BZ‘| go H$moB© Zht
dmbr d¡¶p³VH$ {d{^ÝZVmAm| H$m à‘wI H$maU h¡-
28. ‘Zmo{dkmZ Zo N>mÌm| H$s j‘VmAm| Ed§ {^ÝZVmAm| H$m {díbofU H$aHo$ (1) emar[aH$ {dH$mg (2) ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg
{ejm Ho$ {dH$mg ‘| ¶moJXmZ {X¶m h¡& Cn¶w³© V ‘V {ZåZ ‘| go {H$gH$m (3) g§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mg (4) ¶o g^r

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h¡?
36. AܶmnH$ ~mbH$m| Ho$ ì¶p³VJV ^oX H$mo {H$gHo$ Ûmam g~go Cn¶w³V
(1) S>o{dg H$m
(2) dmQ>gZ H$m
T>§J go ‘mn gH$Vm h¡?
(1) {dÚm{W©¶m| go {Z~ÝY {bIdmH$a
(3) ñQ>mCa H$m
(2) ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ narjU Ûmam
(4) pñH$Za H$m
(3) {dÚmb¶ Ho$ narjmAm| Ho$ n[aUm‘ XoIH$a
29. AmnHo$ {dMma ‘| {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgm EH$ d¡¶p³VH$ {d{^ÝZVm (4) {dÚm{W©¶m| H$mo dmX-{ddmX à{V¶mo{JVm ‘| ^mJ {XbmH$a
H$m H$maU Zht h¡?
37. ‘mZd ñd^md ‘| ì¶p³VJV {^ÝZVm na {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go {H$gH$m
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(1) Om{V
(2) dmVmdaU
à^md n‹S>Vm h¡? ~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg
(1) AÝVamgJu J«pÝW¶m| H$m nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m
(3) OZg§»¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
(2) eara agm¶Z H$m àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ>
(4) b¢{JH$ ^oX www.praganya.org
(3) gm‘m{OH$-gm§ñH¥${VH$ n¶m©daU H$m na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF
30. ~mbH$m| ‘| nm¶r OmZo dmbr OÝ‘OmV {d{^ÝZVmAm| Ho$ {bE CÎmaXm¶r (4) Cn¶w©³V g^r S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&

à‘wI H$maH$ H$m¡Zgm h¡?

38. ì¶p³VJV ^oXm| H$mo kmV H$aZo H$s {d{Y h¡-
(1) n¶m©daU (2) d§emZwH«$‘
(1) ~w{Õ‘mnH$ narjmE±
(3) g‘mO (4) Om{V-Y‘©
(2) kmZmO©Z ‘mnH$ narjmE±
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31. ~mbH$m| ‘| àm¶… e¡{jH$ CnbpãY Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘| ^r d¡¶p³VH$ (3) ì¶p³V‘mnH$ Ed§ g§doJmË‘H$ narjmE±
{d{^ÝZVmE± nmB© OmVr h¢& BgHo$ ³¶m H$maU hmo gH$Vo h¢? (4) Cnamo³V g^r
(1) ê${M Ed§ {ZX}eZ 39. ‘mZ{gH$ {d^oX Ho$ AÝVJ©V Zht AmVm h¡-
(2) g§doJmË‘H$ g‘ñ¶mE± Ed§ Ambñ¶ (1) ñd^mdJV ^oX
(3) ~m¡{ÕH$ ¶mo½¶VmE±, nyd© AZw^d Ed§ àoaUm (2) ê${M gå~ÝYr ^oX
(4) Cn¶w©³V g^r (3) AmÝV[aH$ ^oX
32. EH$ AܶmnH$ {H$gr ^r g‘yh ‘| g‘wXm¶ AmYm[aV ì¶p³VJV {d{^ÝZVmAm| (4) emar[aH$ g§aMZm gå~ÝYr ^oX
H$mo g‘P gH$Vm h¡- 40. ‘Zmo emar[aH$ Ag‘mZVmAm| H$mo H$hm OmVm h¡-
(1) Am±Im| Ho$ gånH©$ Ho$ AmYma na (1) ì¶p³V (2) g‘m¶moOZ
(2) ~w{Õ Ho$ AmYma na (3) ^½Zmem (4) ì¶p³VJV {d{^ÝZVm
(3) ^mfm Ed§ A{^ì¶p³V Ho$ AmYma na
(4) J¥h H$m¶© Ho$ AmYma na
26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40.
(2) (3) (1) (3) (2) (4) (3) (1) (4) (4) (2) (4) (4) (4) (4)

~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
 àJʶ ì¶p³VJV {d{^ÝZVmE± n¥îR> 159

41. emar[aH$ ê$n go ì¶p³V-ì¶p³V Ho$ ‘ܶ Omo {^ÝZVm {XImB© XoVr h¡, 47. ~mbH$ J{UV Am¡a {dkmZ ‘| AmJo hmoVo h¢,O~{H$ ~m{bH$mE± ^mfm Am¡a
dh H$hbmVr h¡- gwÝXa hñVboI ‘|& ³¶m|? ~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15
(1) ì¶p³VËd (2) gm‘m{OH$ Ag‘mZVm (1) ì¶p³VJV {d{^ÝZVm Ho$ H$maU {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo
gbmh Xr OmVr h¡ {H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s
(3) AmÝV[aH$ {d{^ÝZVm (4) ~mø {d{^ÝZVm (2) ê${M Ho$ H$maU PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ>
(3) g§doJ Ho$ H$maU www.praganya.org
42. ~mø ê$n go Xmo ì¶p³V EH$ g‘mZ h¢, bo{H$Z do Aݶ AmÝV[aH$ (4) {MÝVZ Ho$ H$maU go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
¶mo½¶VmAmo§ H$s ÑpîQ> go g‘ê$n Zht h¢& Eogr ì¶p³VJV {d{^ÝZVm
H$hbmVr h¡- 48. {d{eîQ> ~mbH$mo§ Ho$ AZwê$n {ejm H$s ì¶dñWm H$aZm d¡¶p³VH$
(1) ì¶p³VËd {d{^ÝZVmAm| H$m$ H$m¡Zgm H$maU h¡?
(2) AmÝV[aH$ {d{^ÝZVm (1) O¡{dH$ H$maU
(3) ~mø {d{^ÝZVm (2) d¡km{ZH$ H$maU
(4) gm‘m{OH$ Ag‘mZVm (3) e¡{jH$ H$maU
(4) gm‘m{OH$ ‘hÎd
43. d¡¶p³VH$ {d{^ÝZVm Ho$ {‘bZ Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘| EH$ AܶmnH$ H$s ^y{‘H$m
hmoZr Mm{hE- 49. EH$ g‘yh Ho$ ì¶p³V¶m| ‘|, g‘yhm| H$s Am¡gV go ‘mZ{gH$ AWdm
(1) ì¶p³V Ho$ ÑpîQ>H$moU, A{^ê${M Am¡a ¶mo½¶Vm H$mo OmZZo H$m à¶mg emar[aH$ {deofVmAm| H$m {dMbZ hr ì¶p³VJV {^ÝZVm h¡& ¶h H$WZ
(2) ì¶p³V AmYm[aV nmR²>¶H«$‘m| H$mo CZH$s Amdí¶H$Vm Ho$ AZwgma OmZZo {H$g {dÛmZ go gå~pÝYV h¡?
H$s H$mo{ee (1) ë¶yZm Q>mBba go
(3) (1) d (2) XmoZm| (2) S´>oda go
(4) BZ‘| go H$moB© Zht (3) am°~Q>© J¡½Zo go
(4) ñH$sZa go
44. à˶oH$ {ejmWu ñd¶§ ‘| {d{eîQ> h¡& BgH$m AW© h¡ {H$-
(1) {ejm{W©¶m| ‘| Z Vmo H$moB© g‘mZ {deofVmE± hmoVr h¢ Am¡a Z hr CZHo$ bú¶ 50. gh-e¡j{UH$ joÌm| ‘| {ZînmXZ Ho$ AmYma na e¡j{UH$ joÌm| ‘| {ZînmXZ
g‘mZ hmoVo h¢& Ho$ ñVa H$mo ~‹T>mZo H$m Am¡{M˶ ñWmnZ {H$g AmYma na {H$¶m Om
(2) g^r {ejm{W©¶m| Ho$ {bE EH$g‘mZ nmR²>¶M¶m© gå^d Zht h¡& gH$Vm h¡?
(3) EH$ {df‘ê$nr H$jm ‘| {ejm{W©¶m| H$s j‘VmAm| H$mo {dH${gV H$aZm (1) ¶h d¡¶p³VH$ {^ÝZVmAm| H$mo gÝVwîQ> H$aVm h¡&
Agå^d h¡& (2) ¶h hm{e¶mH¥$V {dÚm{W©¶m| Ho$ {bE à{VnyaH$ ^oX^md H$r Zr{V H$m
(4) H$moB© ^r Xmo {ejmWu AnZr ¶mo½¶VmAm|, ê${M¶m| Am¡a à{V^mAm| ‘| AZwJ‘Z H$aVm h¡&
EH$g‘mZ Zht hmoVo& (3) ¶h gmd©^m¡{‘H$ YmaUm H$mo gw{ZpíMV H$aVm h¡&
(4) ¶h hmW go {H$E OmZo dmbo l‘ Ho$ à{V gå‘mZ {dH${gV H$aVm h¡&
45. ‘m°ÊQ>ogar àUmbr H$m {dH$mg ‘ÝX-~w{Õ Am¡a gw{dYmhrZ ~mbH$m| Ho$
{bE ........... H$mo ܶmZ ‘| aIVo hþE {H$¶m J¶m Wm& 51. Amn XoIVo h¢ {H$ EH$ N>mÌ ~w{Õ‘mZ h¡& Amn-
(1) {ejm Ho$ gmYZm| Ho$ A^md (1) CgHo$ gmW gÝVwîQ> ah|Jo&
(2) d¡¶p³VH$ {d{^ÝZVm (2) Cgo A{V[a³V J¥hH$m¶© Zht X|Jo&
(3) ^oX^md H$mo g‘mßV H$aZo H$s BÀN>m (3) dh O¡go A{YH$ àJ{V H$a gHo$, Cg Vah go Cgo AZwào[aV H$a|Jo&
(4) {ejm H$mo ì¶dgm¶ H$m ê$n XoZo (4) CgHo$ A{^^mdH$m| H$mo gy{MV H$a|Jo {H$ dh ~w{Õ‘mZ h¡&

46. {ñH$Za Ho$ AZwgma ì¶p³VJV ^oXm| Ho$ ñdê$n H$m kmZ Amdí¶H$ h¡& 52. {ejU A{YJ‘ à{H«$¶m ‘| ì¶p³VJV ê$n go ܶmZ XoZm ‘hÎdnyU© h¡,
¶h {H$gHo$ {b¶o H$hm J¶m h¡? ³¶m|{H$-
(1) àmYmZmMm¶© Ho$ {b¶o (1) {ejU à{ejU H$m¶©H«$‘m| ‘| Eogm hr ~Vm¶m J¶m h¡&
(2) AmMm¶© Ho$ {b¶o (2) Bggo à˶oH$ {ejmWu H$mo AZwem{gV H$aZo Ho$ {bE {ejH$m| H$mo ~ohVa
(3) ZoVm Ho$ {b¶o Adga {‘bVo h¢&
(4) àemgH$ Ho$ {b¶o (3) ~ÀMm| H$s {dH$mg Xa {^ÝZ hmoVr h¡ Am¡a do {^ÝZ VarH$m| go grI gH$Vo h¢&
(4) {ejmWu h‘oem g‘yhm| ‘| hr ~ohVa grIVo h¢&

41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52.
(4) (2) (3) (4) (2) (2) (1) (3) (2) (1) (3) (3)

~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
 n¥îR> 160 ì¶p³VJV {d{^ÝZVmE± àJʶ
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
53. ¶{X Hw$N> {dÚmWu H$jm ‘| Aܶ¶Z H$s {MÎmd¥{Îm ‘| Zht h¢, Vmo Amn- 58. Amn AnZr H$jm ‘| AnZo {ejU Ho$ Xm¡amZ H$‹S>r ‘ohZV H$aVo h¢, {’$a
(1) CÝh| Aܶ¶Z Ho$ {bE ~mܶ H$a|Jo& ^r AmnH$s H$jm ‘| H$m’$s {d{^ÝZVm {XImB© n‹S>Vr h¡& BgH$m H$maU
(2) CZ {dÚm{W©¶m| H$mo H$jm N>mo‹S>Zo Ho$ {bE H$h|Jo& ³¶m hmo gH$Vm h¡?
(3) CÝho§ MoVmdZr X|Jo {H$ do Adí¶ Aܶ¶Z H$a| Zht, Vmo Amn àYmZmܶmnH$ (1) AmnH$s H$jm Ho$ Hw$N> N>mÌ H$jm ‘| gmo OmVo h¢&
H$mo gy{MV H$a X|Jo& (2) AmnH$s H$jm Ho$ Hw$N> N>mÌ AmnH$mo ngÝX Zht H$aVo h¢&
(4) CÝh| CZH$s ê${M AWdm Amn AnZo {df¶ Ho$ AZwgma ê${MnyU© MrO| (3) {^ÝZ-{^ÝZ N>mÌm| ‘| d¡¶p³VH$ JwU {^ÝZ-{^ÝZ hmoVo h¢&
~VmE±Jo& (4) Cnamo³V ‘| go H$moB© Zht
54. d¡¶p³VH$ {d{^ÝZVm Ho$ gÝX^© ‘| {ZåZ{b{IV H$WZm| na {dMma 59. Amn AnZr H$jm Ho$ N>mÌm| ‘| n[an³dVm H$m AdbmoH$Z H$aZo na nmVo h¢
H$s{OE- {H$ Hw$N> N>mÌ Am¶w Ho$ nhbo n[an³dVm àmßV H$a MwHo$ h¢, O~{H$ Hw$N>
1. g‘wXm¶ Ho$ AmYma na d¡¶p³VH$ {d{^ÝZVm XoIZo H$mo {‘bVr h¡& N>mÌ n[an³dVm àmßV H$aZo H$s Am¶w ‘| Vmo h¢, bo{H$Z CZ‘| n[an³dVm
2. ~w{Õ Ho$ AmYma na d¡¶p³VH$ {d{^ÝZVm gå^d h¡, {H$ÝVw g§doJ Ho AmYma Zhr§ h¡& BgH$m H$maU ³¶m hmo gH$Vm h¡?
na Zht& (1) H$jm ‘| CZHo$ ~¡R>Zo H$m H«$‘
3. g‘wXm¶ Ho$ AmYma na d¡¶p³VH$ {d{^ÝZVm gå^d h¡& (2) d¡¶p³VH$ {d{^ÝZVm

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Cnamo³V ‘| go H$m¡Zgm/go H$WZ g˶ h¡/h¢? (3) {dÚmb¶ AmZo d OmZo Ho$ CZHo$ {^ÝZ gmYZ
(1) Ho$db 2 (2) 1 Ed§ 2 (4) Cnamo³V ‘| go H$moB© Zht
(3) 1 Ed§ 3 (4) ¶o g^r
60. {ejm{W©¶m| ‘| ì¶p³VJV {^ÝZVmAm| H$mo gå~mo{YV H$aZo Ho$ {bE EH$
55. {dÚmb¶m| H$mo {H$gHo$ {bE d¡¶p³VH$ [^ÝZVmAm| H$mo nyam H$aZm Mm{hE?
{dÚmb¶ {H$g àH$ma H$m gh¶moJ CnbãY H$adm gH$Vm h¡?
(1) d¡¶p³VH$ {ejmWu H$mo {d{eîQ> hmoZo H$s AZw^y{V H$amZo H$o {bE
(1) g^r {ejm{W©¶m| Ho$ {bE g‘mZ ñVa H$s nmR²>¶M¶m© H$m AZwJ‘Z H$aZm&
(2) d¡¶p³VH$ {ejm{W©¶m| Ho$ ‘ܶ ImB© H$mo H$‘ H$aZo Ho$ {bE
(2) ~mb Ho$pÝÐV nmR²>¶M¶m© H$m nmbZ H$aZm Am¡a {ejm{W©¶m| H$mo grIZo Ho$
(3) {ejm{W©¶m| Ho$ {ZînmXZ Am¡a ¶mo½¶VmAm| H$mo g‘mZ H$aZo Ho$ {bE
AZoH$ Adga CnbãY H$amZm&
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(4) ¶h g‘PZo Ho$ {bE {H$ ³¶m| {ejmWu grIZo Ho$ ¶mo½¶ ¶m A¶mo½¶ h¢&
(3) {ejm{W©¶m| ‘| d¡¶p³VH$ {^ÝZVmAm| H$mo g‘mßV H$aZo Ho$ {bE ha gå^d
56. d¡¶p³VH$ {d{^ÝZVm Ho$ {dH$mg hoVw nyd© ‘mܶ{‘H$ H$jmAm| ‘| ~mbH$m| Cnm¶ H$aZm&
H$m {ejU {H$g àH$ma {H$¶m OmZm Mm{hE? (4) Yr‘r J{V go grIZo dmbo {ejm{W©¶m| H$mo {deof {dÚmb¶m| ‘| ^oOZm&
1. Iob {d{Y Ho$ ‘mܶ‘ go ~mbH$m| H$mo J{UV VWm ^mfm H$m kmZ XoZm 61. AmnH$s H$jm H$m EH$ N>mÌ n‹T>Zo ‘| ~hþV VoO h¡& dh gmVdt H$jm
Mm{hE&
‘| hmoVo hþþE ^r Xgdt H$jm Ho$ {df¶m| H$mo AmgmZr go g‘P boVm h¡&
2. CÝh| Aja kmZ VWm JUZm H$s OmZH$mar àmaå^ go hr ‘m¡{IH$ ê$n go
CgH$m Bg d¡¶p³VH$ {d{^ÝZVm H$m H$maU h¡?
Xr OmZr Mm{hE&
(1) CgH$m {d{eîQ> emar[aH$ {dH$mg
3. {bIZo VWm {gImZo go nyd© ~ÀMm| go {MÌ ~ZdmE OmZo Mm{hE&
(2) CgH$m {d{eîQ> g§kmZmË‘H$ {dH$mg
www.praganya.org

(1) Ho$db 1
(3) CgH$m {d{eîQ> g§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mg
(2) 1 Ed§ 3
(4) CgH$m {d{eîQ> gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg
(3) Ho$db 3
(4) ¶o g^r
*******
57. EH$ {e{jH$m AnZr H$jm Ho$ à{V^membr ~ÀMm| H$s ¶mo½¶VmAm| H$s
CnbpãY MmhVr h¡& AnZo CÔoí¶ H$s àm{ßV Ho$ {bE Cgo {ZåZ{b{IV
‘| go ³¶m Zht H$aZm Mm{hE?
(1) VZmd H$mo {Z¶pÝÌV H$aZm {gImZm
(2) {deof ܶmZ Ho$ {bE CÝh| CZHo$ g‘H${j¶m| go AbJ H$aZm
(3) CZH$s g¥OZmË‘H$Vm H$mo g‘¥Õ H$aZo Ho$ {bE CÝh| MwZm¡Vr XoZm
(4) J¡a-e¡j{UH$ J{V{d{Y¶m| ‘| AmZÝX boZm {gImZm

53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59. 60. 61.

(4) (3) (4) (4) (2) (3) (2) (2) (2)

~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
àJʶ ì¶p³VËd
Aܶm¶ 10
ì¶p³VËd
10.1 àñVmdZm
{ejm ‘Zmo{dkmZ ì¶p³VËd eãX H$m à¶moJ ì¶mnH$ ê$n go H$aVm h¡& à˶oH$
ì¶p³V ‘| Hw$N> Eogr {deofVmE± hmoVr h¢, {OZHo$ AmYma na dh n[apñW{V Ho$
à{V {d{^ÝZ à{V[H«$¶mE± àH$Q> H$aVm h¡& BÝht H$m gm‘y{hH$ Zm‘ ì¶p³VËd
h¡& ì¶[³VËd Eogo JwUm| H$m ¶moJ h¡, {OZHo$ H$maU H$moB© ì¶p³V AmH$f©H$ ¶m
AZmH$f©H$ {XIVm h¡&
Amn {H$gr ^r H$jm ‘| Mbo OmB¶o, ì¶p³VËd gå~ÝYr ^oX ñnîQ>
{XIbm¶r Xo Om¶|Jo& H$wN> ì¶p³V AnZo {dMmam| Ho$ à{V ~‹S>o AmemdmXr hmoVo h¢
Am¡a do {H$gr ^r n[aMMm© ‘| ~‹S>o CËgmh go ^mJ boVo h¡& Aݶ ì¶p³V Xã~y
hmoVo h¢ Am¡a Hw$N> ^r ~mobZo go K~amVo h¢& EH$ {dÚmWu gd©Wm AZ‘Zr¶ hmoVm
h¡ Am¡a AnZo {dMmam| ‘| Hw$N> ^r n[adV©Z H$aZo Ho$ {bE V¡¶ma Zht hmoVm& Xÿgam
{dÚmWu BVZm Mbm¶‘mZ hmoVm h¡, {H$ CgHo$ AnZo H$moB© {dMma Zht hmoVo& dh
Omo Hw$N> ^r gwZVm h¡, Cgo hr g˶ ‘mZ boVm h¡&
10.2 ì¶p³VËd H$m AW©
nmíMm˶ Xoem| ‘| ì¶p³VËd gå~ÝYr {^ÝZ {dMmaYmamE± nmB© OmVr h¡& ì¶p³VËd
A§J«oOr Ho$ ng©ZoëQ>r eãX H$m ê$nmÝVa h¡& A§J«oOr Ho$ ng©ZoëQ>r eãX H$s CËn[Îm
¶yZmZr ^mfm Ho$ ngm}Zm eãX go hþB©, {OgH$m AW© h¡- ZH$m~ ¶m ‘wIm¡Q>m
AWm©V ZH$br Moham& ¶yZmZr bmoJ ZH$m~ nhZH$a ‘§M na A{^Z¶ H$aVo
Wo, Vm{H$ Xe©H$JU ¶h Z OmZ gHo$ {H$ A{^Z¶ H$aZo dmbm H$m¡Z h¡- Xmg,
{dXÿfH$, amOHw$‘ma, amOm, amZr ¶m amOZV©H$s& A{^Z¶ H$aZo dmbo {Og àH$ma
Ho$ nmÌ H$m nmR> ¶m A{^Z¶ H$aVo Wo, Cgr àH$ma H$m ZH$m~ YmaU H$a boVo
Wo& Bg àH$ma ¶yZmZ ‘| àmaå^ ‘| ì¶p³VËd H$m AW© ì¶p³V Ho$ ~mø ñdê$n go
{b¶m OmVm Wm, naÝVw H$mbmÝVa ‘| ì¶p³VËd Ho$ AÝVJ©V ì¶p³V Ho$ AmÝV[aH$
ñdê$n H$mo ^r gpå‘{bV {H$¶m OmZo bJm& ì¶p³VËd ‘| EH$ ‘Zwî¶ Ho$ Z Ho$db
emar[aH$ Am¡a ‘mZ{gH$ JwUm| H$m A{nVw CgHo$ gm‘m{OH$ JwUm| H$m ^r g‘mdoe
hmoVm h¡& Bgr{bE ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| H$m H$WZ h¡ {H$ ì¶p³VËd-‘mZd Ho$ JwUm|,
bjUm|, j‘VmAm|, {deofVmAm| Am{X H$s g§J{R>V BH$mB© h¡& ¶hr H$maU h¡ {H$
ì¶p³VËd H$mo AmO VH$ {H$gr {ZpíMV AW© go gå~ÝY Zhr§ {H$¶m Om gH$m
h¡ Am¡a Z {H$gr {Z[íMV gr‘m ‘| ~m±Ym Om gH$Vm h¡& gmYmaUV… ¶h ñdrH$ma
{H$¶m OmVm h¡ {H$ ì¶p³VËd {d{MÌ h¡, O{Q>b h¡, ì¶m»¶m go nao h¡&
10.3 ì¶p³VËd H$s n[a^mfmE±
{d{^ÝZ ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| Zo ì¶p³VËd H$s Omo n[a^mfmE± Xr h¢, CÝho§ {ZåZ àH$ma
춳V {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡-
n¥îR> 161
1. S>¡{e¶b Ho$ AZwgma-
ì¶p³VËd ì¶p³V Ho$ g^r ì¶dhmam| H$m dh g‘m¶mo{OV g§H$bZ h¡, Omo CgHo$
gh¶mo{J¶m| ‘| ñnîQ> ê$n go {XIbm¶r Xo&
2. EbnQ>© Ho$ AZwgma-
ì¶p³VËd, ì¶p³V ‘| CZ ‘ZmoX¡{hH$ AdñWmAm| H$m J˶mË‘H$ g§JR>Z h¡, {OZHo$
AmYma na ì¶p³V AnZo n[adoe Ho$ gmW g‘m¶moOZ ñWm{nV H$aVm h¡&
3. S´oda Ho$ AZwgma-
ì¶p³V Ho$ X¡{hH$, ‘mZ{gH$, Z¡{VH$ VWm gm‘m{OH$ JwUm| Ho$ J{Verb Am¡a gwg§J{R>V
g§JR>Z Ho$ {bE, ì¶p³VËd eãX H$m à¶moJ {H$¶m OmVm h¡&
4. ~rg|O Ed§ ~rg|O Ho$ AZwgma-
ì¶p³VËd, ‘Zwî¶ H$s AmXVm|, X¥pîQ>H$moUm| Am¡a bú¶m| H$m g§JR>Z h¡ Am¡a
àmUremñÌr¶, gm‘m{OH$ Ed§ gm§ñH¥${VH$ H$maH$m| Ho$ g§¶w³V H$m¶© go CËnÝZ hmoVm h¡&
5. {~J VWm hÊQ> Ho$ AZwgma-
{H$gr ì¶p³V Ho$ g‘ñV ì¶dhma-à{V‘mZm| Am¡a CgH$s {deofVmAm| H$m ¶moJ hr
CgH$m ì¶p³VËd h¡&
6. ~mo[a¨J, b¢J’$sëS> VWm d¡ëS Ho$ AZwgma-
ì¶p³VËd go A{^àm¶ h¡- ì¶{³V H$m AnZo n[adoe Ho$ gmW ñWm¶r VWm Anyd©
g‘m¶moOZ&
7. d¡bÝQ>mB©Z Ho$ AZwgma-
ì¶p³VËd OÝ‘OmV Am¡a AmJ}Z àd¥[Îm¶m| H$m ¶moJ h¡&
8. dmaoZ Ho$ AZwgma-
ì¶p³VËd ì¶{³V H$m gånyU© ‘mZ{gH$ g§JR>Z h¡, Omo CgHo$ {dH$mg H$s {H$gr ^r
AdñWm ‘| hmoVm h¡&
9. Wmn© VWm e‘wba Ho$ AZwgma-
ì¶p³VËd EH$ O{Q>b VWm EH$sH¥$V à{H«$¶m h¡&
10. ‘Zw Ho$ AZwgma-
ì¶p³VËd, ì¶p³V Ho$ gämr njm| H$m EH$ {d{eîQ> g§H$bZ hmoVm h¡, Omo CgHo$ gånyU©
ê$n H$mo Hw$N> nj, Aݶm| H$s Anojm A{YH$ {d{eîQ>Vm àXmZ H$aVo h¡&
11. ‘m°Q>Z© Ho$ AZwgma-
ì¶p³VËd, ì¶p³V Ho$ OÝ‘OmV VWm A{O©V ñd^md, ‘yb-àd¥[Îm¶m|, ^mdZmAm| VWm
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
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n¥îR> 162 ì¶p³VËd
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
BÀN>mAm| Am{X H$m ¶moJ h¡&
BZ n[a^mfmAm| go ì¶p³VËd H$s {deofVmAm| na àH$me S>mbZo dmbo
{ZåZ{b{IV V϶ àH$Q> hmoVo h¢-
1. ¶h ì¶p³V H$s ‘ZmoX¡{hH$ AdñWmAm| H$m g§JR>Z h¡&
2. dmVmdaU, ì¶p³VËd H$mo à^m{dV H$aVm h¡&
3. ¶h OÝ‘OmV VWm A{O©V àd¥[Îm¶m| H$m ¶moJ h¡&
4. dmVmdaU Ho$ gmW Anyd© g‘m¶moOZ h¡&
5. Bg‘| ì¶p³V Ho$ JR>Z, ì¶dhma Am{X H$m g§JR>Z h¡&
6. Bg‘| ì¶p³V Ho$ OrdZ Ho$ g^r nj gpå‘{bV hmoVo h¢&
10.4 ì¶p³VËd H$s {deofVmE±
‘mZd Ho$ ì¶p³VËd ‘| {ZåZ{b{IV {deofVmE± nm¶r OmVr h¢-
1. gm‘m{OH$Vm
‘mZd EH$ gm‘m{OH$ àmUr h¡, {OgH$m {dH$mg g‘mO ‘o§ ahH$a hr gå^d hmo
gH$Vm h¡& dh g‘mO go AbJ Zht ah gH$Vm& g‘mO ‘| ahH$a hr ì¶p³V
AÝV…{H«$¶m Ûmam AnZm gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg H$aVm h¡& ì¶p³V Ho$ g‘J« ì¶p³VËd
H$m {dH$mg g‘mO ‘| ahH$a hr ^br-^m±{V hmo gH$Vm h¡& AV… gm‘m{OH$Vm
ì¶p³VËd H$s EH$ à‘wI {deofVm h¡&
2. bú¶-àm{á H$s Amoa AJ«ga hmoZm
à˶oH$ ì¶p³V AnZo OrdZ ‘| H$moB© Z H$moB© CÔoí¶ AnZo gm‘Zo Adí¶ aIVm
h¡& {H$gr ‘Zwî¶ Zo AnZo gm‘Zo ³¶m bú¶ aIm h¡, CgHo$ à{V dh {H$VZm
gOJ h¡, CgH$s àm{á Ho$ {bE dh {H$VZm à¶mgerb h¡- BgH$mo XoIH$a hr
¶h H$hm Om gH$Vm h¡ {H$ ì¶{³V ‘| ¶h {deofVm {H$g gr‘m VH$ h¡&
3. Amˑ-MoVZm
AmË‘-MoVZm go VmËn¶© h¡ AnZo ñd ¶m AnZo Ah§ Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘| gMoV hmoZm&
AmË‘-MoVZm Ho$ H$maU hr ì¶p³V Bg ~mV H$s Amoa {deof ܶmZ XoVm h¡ {H$
Aݶ bmoJ Cgo {H$g ÑpîQ> go XoIVo h¢& Cgo Bg ~mV H$m nVm hmoVm h¡ {H$ {H$g
H$maU go bmoJ CgH$s àe§gm H$aVo h¡ Am¡a {H$g H$maU go CgH$s {ZÝXm H$aVo
h¢& ~mbH$ ¶m new ‘| AmË‘-MoVZm H$m A^md hmoVm h¡, Bgr{bE CZHo$ gå~ÝY
‘| ¶h Zht H$hm Om gH$Vm {H$ CZH$m H$moB© AnZm ì¶p³VËd hmoVm h¢&
4. n[adoe Ho$ gmW g‘m¶moOZ
g‘m¶moOZ H$m A{^àm¶ h¡- AnZo AmnH$mo n[adoe Ho$ ‘VmZwgma T>mbZm VWm
n[adoe H$mo AnZo AZwHy$b ~Zm boZm& g‘m¶moOZ Ho$ H$maU hr ì¶p³V AnZo
ì¶dhma ‘| n[adV©Z H$aVm h¡& EH$ {dÚmWu, EH$ H$‘©Mmar, EH$ nwÌ, EH$ {nVm,
EH$ nËZr VWm EH$ n{V Ho$ ì¶dhma H$mo XoIH$a ¶h AZw‘mZ bJm¶m Om gH$Vm
h¡ {H$ CÝhm|Zo n[adoe VWm n[apñW{V¶m| Ho$ gmW H¡$gm g‘m¶moOZ {H$¶m h¡&
5. X¡{hH$ VWm ‘mZ{gH$ ñdmñ϶
EH$ AÀN>o ì¶p³VËd Ho$ {bE ¶h Amdí¶H$ h¡ {H$ ì¶p³V H$m, Ohm± X¡{hH$
ñdmñ϶ AÀN>m hmo, dht dh ‘mZ{gH$ ê$n go ^r ñdñW hmo, ³¶m|{H$ ‘mZd
‘mZmoX¡{hH$ Ord h¡&
àJʶ
6. AZdaV {dH$mg
ì¶p³VËd H$s EH$ àYmZ {deofVm h¡ {H$ ì¶p³V Ho$ {dH$mg ‘| H$^r ^r ì¶dYmZ
Zht n‹S>Vm& dh AZdaV ê$n go Omar ahVm h¡& O~ go Ord H$m OÝ‘ hmoVm h¡,
Cg g‘¶ go boH$a ì¶p³V H$s ‘¥Ë¶w VH$, CgH$m {dH$mg {ZaÝVa Omar ahVm
h¡& Bgr ÑpîQ> H$mo gm‘Zo aIH$a J¡argZ, qH$JñQ>Z VWm ‘¡H$S>m°ZëS> Zo H$hm h¡-
ì¶p³VËd AZdaV {dH$mg H$s à{H«$¶m ‘| ahVm h¡&
ì¶p³V H$m ¶h {dH$mg {d{^ÝZ {XemAm| O¡go- emar[aH$ {dH$mg,
d¡Mm[aH$ {dH$mg, AZw^d {dH$mg Am{X ‘| ~am~a hmoVm ahVm h¡&
7. AWmh CËgmh
EH$ AÀN>o ì¶p³VËd H$s gmVdt {deofVm h¡- CËgmh H$m hmoZm& OrdZ Ho$ H${R>Z
go H${R>Z g§Kf© ‘o§ ^r CËgmh go ¶w³V ì¶p³V H$^r K~amVm Zht& {dnarV go
{dnarV n[apñW{V H$mo MraVm hþAm, CËgmhr ì¶p³V g’$bVm àmá H$aVm h¡&
8. EH$Vm
¶h nhbo hr ~Vbm¶m Om MwH$m h¡ {H$ {d{^ÝZ X¡{hH$, ~m¡{ÕH$, Z¡{VH$, gm‘m{OH$
VWm g§doJm| H$m ¶moJ hr ì¶p³VËd h¡& ì¶p³V gXm EH$ BH$mB© Ho$ ê$n ‘| H$m¶©
H$aVm h¡& {Og àH$ma ì¶p³V H$s {d{^ÝZ kmZopÝжm± Am¡a ‘Z gmW-gmW H$m¶©
H$aVo h¢, Cgr àH$ma ì¶p³VËd gå~ÝYr {d{^ÝZ VÎd {‘bH$a H$m‘ H$aVo h¢&
10.5 ì¶p³VËd H$m dJuH$aU
{^ÝZ-{^ÝZ AZwemgZm| ‘| ì¶p³VËd Ho$ {^ÝZ-{^ÝZ àH$ma {Z{íMV {H$E JE
h¢& {H$gr EH$ AZwemgZ ‘| ^r ì¶p³VËd H$mo {^ÝZ-{^ÝZ ê$nm| ‘| {d^m{OV
{H$¶m J¶m h¡& h‘ ¶hm± Ho$db ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| Ûmam {H$E JE Hw$N> ‘w»¶ dJuH$aU
H$m dU©Z H$a aho h¢&
10.5.1 emar[aH$ aMZm Ho$ AmYma na dJuH$aU
Hw$N> ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| Zo ì¶p³VËd H$m dJuH$aU ‘Zwî¶ H$s emar[aH$ aMZm Ho$
AmYma na {H$¶m h¡& BZ‘| go e¡ëS>Z Ûmam {H$E JE dJuH$aU H$s MMm© h‘
ì¶p³VËd Ho$ emar[aH$ aMZm gå~ÝYr {gÕmÝV Ho$ AÝVJ©V H$a MwHo$ h¢& ¶hm±
‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ H«o$M‘a Ûmam {H$¶m J¶m dJuH$aU àñVwV h¡ -
1. bå~H$m¶
Bg dJ© ‘| Ho«$M‘a Zo bå~o Am¡a Xþ~bo-nVbo ì¶p³V¶m| H$mo aIm h¡& ¶o ì¶p³V
àm¶… AbJ ahZm ngÝX H$aVo h¢ Am¡a Xÿgam| H$s AmbmoMZm ‘| AmZÝX boVo h¢,
naÝVw AnZr AmbmoMZm ghZ Zht H$aVo&
2. gwS>m¡bH$m¶
Bg dJ© ‘| H«o$M‘a Zo gm‘mݶ H$X Ho$ ñdñW Ed§ nwîQ>H$m¶ ì¶p³V¶m| H$mo aIm
h¡& BZ ì¶p³V¶m| H$m ì¶p³VËd gm‘mݶ hmoVm h¡& BZ‘| gm‘§Oñ¶ H$s j‘Vm
A{YH$ hmoVr h¡&
3. JmobH$m¶
Bg dJ© ‘| H«o$‘Ma Zo N>moQ>o H$X Ho$ ñdñW ì¶p³V¶m| H$mo aIm h¡& ¶o ì¶p³V àm¶…
Amam‘Vb~ hmoVo h¢ Am¡a {dZmoXr ñd^md Ho$ hmoVo h¢&
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
àJʶ
10.5.2 ñd^md Ho$ AmYma na dJuH$aU
‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ Jb¡Z Zo ì¶p³V¶m| H$mo CZHo$ ñd^md Ho$ AmYma na Mma dJm] ‘|
{d^m{OV {H$¶m h¡-
1. CJ« ñd^mdr
Bg dJ© ‘| Jb¡Z Zo ep³Vembr Ed§ CJ« ñd^md dmbo ì¶p³V¶m| H$mo aIm h¡& Bg
dJ© Ho$ ì¶p³V¶m| H$mo H«$moY ~hþV erK« AmVm h¡&
2. {MÝVmJ«ñV
Bg dJ© ‘| Jb¡Z Zo {MÝVm go J«ñV ahZo dmbo ì¶p³V¶m| H$mo aIm h¡& Bg dJ© Ho$
ì¶p³V àm¶… CXmg ahVo h¢ Am¡a ~‹S>o Xã~y Ed§ {ZamemdmXr hmoVo h¢&
3. {Zê$Ëgmhr
Bg dJ© ‘| Jb¡Z Zo CËgmhhrZ ì¶p³V¶m| H$mo aIm h¡& Bg dJ© Ho$ ì¶p³V àm¶…
emÝV{චAm¡a Ambgr hmoVo h¢&
4. CËgmhr
Bg dJ© ‘| Jb¡Z Zo CËgmh go nyU© ì¶p³V¶m| H$mo aIm h¡& Bg dJ© Ho$ ì¶{³V
AmemdmXr Am¡a {H«$¶merb hmoVo h¢&
10.5.3 ‘yë¶m| Ho$ AmYma na dJuH$aU
‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ ñà|Oa Zo ‘yë¶m| H$mo N>… dJm} ‘| {d^m{OV {H$¶m h¡ Am¡a CZHo$
AmYma na ì¶p³VËd H$mo ^r {ZåZ{b{IV N>… dJm} ‘| {d^m{OV {H$¶m h¡-
1. g¡ÕmpÝVH$
Bg dJ© ‘| ñà|Oa Zo CZ ì¶p³V¶m| H$mo aIm h¡, Omo gX¡d kmZ àmá H$aZo Ho$
BÀNwH$ ahVo h¢, {gÕmÝVm| H$mo ‘hÎd XoVo h¢ Am¡a Hw$N> H$îQ> ghZH$a ^r AmXem}
H$m nmbZ H$aVo h¢& Eogo ì¶p³V àm¶… Aì¶mdhm[aH$ hmoVo h¢&
2. Am{W©H$
Bg dJ© ‘| ñà|Oa Zo CZ ì¶p³V¶m| H$mo aIm h¡, Omo ^m¡{VH$ gwIm| Ho$ BÀNw>H$
hmoVo h¢, YZ H$mo A{YH$ ‘hÎd XoVo h¢ Am¡a YZmO©Z Ho$ {bE Hw$N> ^r H$a gH$Vo
h¢& Eogo ì¶p³V àm¶… ì¶mdhm[aH$ hmoVo h¢&
3. gm‘m{OH$
Bg dJ© ‘| ñà|Oa Zo CZ ì¶p³V¶m| H$mo aIm h¡, Omo g‘mO Am¡a gm‘m{OH$ gå~ÝYm|
H$mo A{YH$ ‘hÎd XoVo h¢; X¶mbw, ˶mJr Am¡a namonH$mar hmoVo h¢, g‘mO godH$ Ed§
g‘mO gwYmaH$ hmoVo h¢& Eogo ì¶p³V ~hþV A{YH$ ì¶dhmaHw$eb hmoVo h¢&
4. amOZ¡{VH$
Bg dJ© ‘| ñà§oOa Zo CZ ì¶p³V¶m| H$mo aIm h¡, Omo amOH$m¶© ‘| ê${M boVo h¢,
amOgÎmm go Ow‹S>o ahZm MmhVo h¢ Am¡a amÁ¶ ‘| AnZr ^mJrXmar MmhVo h¢& Eogo
ì¶{³V amOZ¡{VH$ Xm±d-n|M ‘| ~‹S>o ‘m{ha hmoVo h¢&
5. Ym{‘©H$
Bg dJ© ‘| ñà|Oa Zo CZ ì¶p³V¶m| H$mo aIm h¡, Omo B©ída ‘| {dídmg H$aVo
h¢, X¡dr¶ àH$mon go S>aVo h¢ Am¡a AmܶmpË‘H$ ‘yë¶m| H$m nmbZ H$aVo h¢&
AmܶmpË‘H$ ‘yë¶m| H$m nmbZ H$aVo h¢& Eogo ì¶p³V àm¶… AmË‘gÝVmofr Ed§
namonH$mar hmoVo h¢&
ì¶p³VËd n¥îR> 163
6. gm¡ÝX¶m©Ë‘H$
Bg dJ© ‘| ñà|Oa Zo CZ ì¶p³V¶m| H$mo aIm h¡, Omo gm¡ÝX¶© {චhmoVo h¢& Eogo
ì¶p³V¶m| H$m PwH$md àm¶… H$bm, g§JrV, Ed§ Z¥Ë¶ Am{X H$s Amoa A{YH$ hmoVm
h¡&
10.5.4 gm‘m{OH$ AÝV…{H«$¶m Ho$ AmYma na dJuH$aU
‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ Ow§J Zo ì¶p³V¶m| H$mo CZH$s gm‘m{OH$ AÝV…{H«$¶m Ho$ ñdê$n Ho$
AmYma na {ZåZ{b{IV VrZ dJm©o ‘| {d^m{OV {H$¶m h¡-
1. AÝV‘w©Ir
Bg dJ© ‘| Ow§J Zo CZ ì¶p³V¶m| H$mo aIm h¡ Omo AmË‘Ho$pÝÐV, AmË‘{MÝVH$,
EH$mÝV{චAm¡a g§H$moMr hmoVo h¢& gmW hr g§doXZerb, H$Îm©ì¶{ZîR> Am¡a
{‘V^mfr hmoVo h¡& Eogo ì¶p³V bmoH$ ì¶dhma ‘| àm¶… H$‘ Hw$eb hmoVo h¢&
2. ~{h‘w©Ir
Bg dJ© ‘| Ow§J Zo CZ ì¶p³V¶m| H$mo aIm h¡ Omo g‘mOHo$pÝÐV, ì¶mdhm[aH$,
gmh{gH$, {MÝVm‘w³V Am¡a AmemdmXr hmoVo h¢& Eogo ì¶p³V gm‘m{OH$ H$m¶m] ‘|
ê${M boVo h¢ Am¡a bmoH${à¶Vm àmá H$aVo h¢&
3. C^¶‘wIr
{OZ ì¶p³V¶m| ‘| AÝV‘w©Ir ì¶p³VËd Ho$ A{YH$ bjU hmoVo h¢, CÝho§ AÝV‘w©Ir
dJ© ‘| aIVo h¢ Am¡a {OZ ‘| ~{h‘w©Ir ì¶p³VËd Ho$ A{YH$ bjU hmoVo h¢, CÝh|
~{h‘w©Ir dJ© ‘| aIVo h¢ Am¡a {OZ ì¶p³V¶m| ‘| AÝV‘w©Ir Ed§ ~{h‘w©Ir XmoZm|
ì¶p³VËdm| Ho$ bjU bJ^J g‘mZ ê$n go hmoVo h¢, CÝh| C^¶‘w»mr dJ© ‘| aIm
OmVm h¢&
10.5.5 g¥OZmË‘H$ ep³V Ho$ AmYma na dJuH$aU
Hw$N> ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| Zo ì¶p³V¶m| H$mo CZH$s g¥OZmË‘H$ ep³V Ho$ AmYma na Xmo
dJm©o ‘| {d^m{OV {H$¶m h¡-
1. g¥OZmË‘H$
{OZ ì¶p³V¶m| ‘| brH$ go hQ>H$a MbZo, Hw$N> Z¶m gmoMZo Ed§ H$aZo H$r BÀN>m
Ed§ ep³V XmoZm| hmoVr h¢ Am¡a do d¡gm H$aVo ^r h¢, CÝh| g¥OZmË‘H$ ì¶p³V
H$hVo h¢& na ¶h gmoM Ed§ H$m¶© gX¡d gH$mamË‘H$ Ed§ àJ{Verb hmoZo Mm{hE&
g¥OZerb ì¶p³V g§doXZerb hmoVo h¢, CZ‘| ZdrZVm Ed§ ‘m¡{bH$Vm Ho$ à{V
AmH$f©U hmoVm h¡, CZHo$ {MÝVZ ‘| àdmh hmoVm h¡ Am¡a do ñdVÝÌ {ZU©¶ boZo ‘|
gj‘ hmoVo h¢ Am¡a àJ{Verb hmoVo h¢&
2. Ag¥OZmË‘H$
Omo ì¶p³V Z H$^r Z¶m gmoMVo h¢ Am¡a Z H$^r Hw$N> Z¶m H$aVo h¢ Am¡a Omo h¡
Cgr H$m AZwgaU H$aVo h¢, CÝh| Ag¥OZmË‘H$ ì¶p³V H$hVo h¢& Eogo ì¶p³V¶m|
‘| ñdVÝÌ {MÝVZ H$s j‘Vm Zht hmoVr, ¶o Xÿgam| na {Z^©a H$aVo h¢ Am¡a
ê${‹T>dmXr hmoVo h¢&
10.5.6 g‘m¶moOZ Ho$ AmYma na dJuH$aU
A{YH$Va ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ ì¶p³VËd H$mo g‘m¶moOZ Ho$ ê$n ‘| boVo h¢& à˶oH$
ì¶p³V Hw$N> OÝ‘OmV ep³V¶m± boH$a n¡Xm hmoVm h¡& O~ dh AnZo ~mø n¶m©daU
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
n¥îR> 164 ì¶p³VËd
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
Ho$ gånH©$ ‘| AmVm h¢, Vmo Cgo AZoH$ ~mø ep³V¶m| Ed§ g‘ñ¶mAm| H$m gm‘Zm
H$aZm n‹S>Vm h¡& ì¶{³V H$mo AnZr O¡{dH$ Ed§ ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ Amdí¶H$VmAm| H$s
ny{V© hoVw BZ n¶m©daUr¶ ep³V¶m| Ed§ g‘ñ¶mAm| go nma nmZm hmoVm h¡& Bg hoVw
dh Omo à¶ËZ H$aVm h¡ Cgo g‘m¶moOZ H$hVo h¢& ¶h g‘m¶moOZ [^ÝZ-{^ÝZ
‘Zwî¶ {^ÝZ-[^ÝZ àH$ma go H$aVo h¢& Bg AmYma na ì¶p³V¶m| H$mo AJ«{b{IV
Xmo dJm] ‘| {d^m{OV {H$¶m OmVm h¡-
1. gwg‘m¶mo{OV
Omo ì¶{³V AnZr AmÝV[aH$ Ed§ ~mø ep³V¶m| Ed§ ‘m±Jm| ‘| gÝVwbZ ~ZmZo ‘|
g‘W© hmoVo h¢, CÝh| gwg‘m¶mo{OV ì¶p³VËd H$hm OmVm h¢& Eogo ì¶p³V¶m| H$m
ì¶dhma ~hþV gÝVw{bV hmoVm h¡ Am¡a g‘mO gå‘V hmoVm h¡&
2. Hw$g‘m¶mo{OV
Omo ì¶p³V AnZr AmÝV[aH$ Ed§ ~mø ep³V¶m| Ed§ ‘m±Jm| ‘| gÝVwbZ Zht ~Zm
nmVo h¢ Am¡a BYa ¶m CYa PwH$ OmVo h¢ ¶m {H$gr Aݶ Amoa PwH$ OmVo h¢,
CÝh| Hw$g‘m¶mo{OV ì¶p³VËd H$hm OmVm h¡& Eogo ì¶p³V¶m| H$m ì¶dhma ~‹S>m
AgÝVw{bV hmoVm h¡ Am¡a àm¶… Agm‘m{OH$ hmoVm h¡&
10.6 ì¶p³VËd Ho$ {gÕmÝV
ì¶p³VËd H$m Aܶ¶Z ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| Ho$ {bE An[ahm¶© A§J hmo J¶m h¡& gM
Vmo ¶h h¡ {H$ ‘mZd H$m ì¶p³VËd EH$ Zht, AZoH$ H$maH$m| go {Z{‘©V hmoVm h¢&
d¡¶p³VH$ YmaUmAm| Ho$ AmYma na hr ì¶p³VËd gå~ÝYr {gÕmÝVm| H$m {Zê$nÊm
hþAm h¡& ¶o {gÕmÝV g§jon ‘| àñVwV {H$¶o Om aho h¢-
10.6.1 ‘Zmo{díbofUmË‘H$ {gÕmÝV
Bg ‘V Ho$ à{VnmXH$ {gJ‘§S> ’«$m¶S> h¢& ’«$m¶S> Ho$ AZwgma, ì¶p³VËd H$m
{Z‘m©U BS²>, BJmo VWm gwna BJmo Ho$ Ûmam hmoVm h¡& BS²> H$mo gm‘mݶ Ah§ Ho$, BJmo
H$mo Ah§ Ho$ VWm gwna BJmo H$mo Z¡{VH$ ‘V Ho$ gÝX^© ‘| à¶w³V {H$¶m OmVm h¡&
BS²>, AMoVZ ‘Z h¢, {Og‘| ‘yb àd¥[Îm¶m± Ed§ Z¡g{J©H$ BÀN>mE± ahVr h¢& ¶o erK«
V¥{á MmhVr h¢& BJmo MoVZm, BÀN>m-ep³V, ~w{Õ VWm VH©$ h¢& gwna BJmo AmXem}
go {Z{‘©V hmoVm h¡& ’«$m¶S> Zo BJmo Ho$ {df¶ ‘| H$hm h¡-
BJmo, BS²> H$m dh ^mJ h¡ Omo ~mø g§gma Ho$ AZw‘mZ VWm gå^mdZm go n[aîH¥$V
hmoVm h¡ Am¡a CgH$m H$mbmÝVa ‘| à^md ^r n‹S>Vm h¡, Omo àmUr H$mo CÔrnZ H$aZo Ed§
CgHo$ BX©-{JX© O‘r naV Ho$ A§e Ho$ ê$n ‘| ì¶má ahVm h¡&
Bgr àH$ma gwna BJmo Ho$ {df¶ ‘| H$hm h¡-
gwna BJmo, BJmo H$m dh nj h¡ Omo AmË‘-{ZarjU H$s à{H«$¶m H$mo gå^d ~ZmVm h¡,
{Ogo gm‘mݶ ê$n ‘| MoVZm H$hVo h¢&
Bg àH$ma ‘mZd ì¶p³VËd H$m {Z‘m©U BÝht VÎdm| go hmoVm h¡& ¶o VÎd
ì¶p³VËd Ho$ AZoH$ ê$n àH$Q> H$aVo h¢&
10.6.2 aMZm {gÕmÝV
Bg ‘V Ho$ à{VnmXH$ e¡bS>m°Z h¢& e¡bS>m°Z Zo ì¶p³VËd Ho$ VrZ àmW{‘H$
AmYma ~VmE h¢-
àJʶ
1. JmobmH¥${V
Bg àH$ma H$o ì¶p³VËd dmbo ‘Zwî¶ Jmob JX©Z VWm ‘m±gno{e¶m| go nyU© {dH${gV
hmoVo h¢& M~u H$m ~‹T>Zm Am{X JwUm| go ¶w³V Eogo ì¶p³V H$m ì¶p³VËd AbJ
àH$Q> hmoVm h¢&
2. Am¶VmH¥${V
Bg àH$ma Ho$ ì¶p³VËd ‘| h{È>¶m| VWm ‘m±gno{e¶m| H$m {dH$mg n[ab{jV hmoVm
h¢&
3. bå~mH¥${V
Bg àH$ma Ho$ ì¶p³VËd ‘§o Ho$ÝÐr¶ ñZm¶w g§ñWmZ Ho$ ‘m±gnoer¶ VÝVw {dH${gV
hmoVo h¢&
Bg ‘V Ho$ AZwgma eara Ho$ {d{^ÝZ A§Jm| H$mo ì¶p³VËd Ho$ {Z‘m©U H$m
AmYma ‘mZm OmVm h¡&
10.6.3 à{VH$maH$ àUmbr [gÕmÝV
Bg ‘V H$o à{VnmXH$ Ama.~r.H¡$Q>b h¢& ì¶p³VËd Ho$ {df¶ ‘| BZH$m H$WZ h¡-
ì¶p³V Omo {H$gr {deof n[apñW{V ‘| Omo ^r H$m¶© H$aVm h¡, CgH$m à{Vê$n hr
ì¶p³VËd h¢&
H¡$Q>b Zo M[aÌ H$mo AZoH$ H$maH$m| go ¶w³V ~Vm¶m h¡& CZHo$ AZwgma- M[aÌ
H$s gwÝXaVm AWm©V², ^mdmË‘H$ EH$Vm, gm‘m{OH$Vm, H$ënZmerbVm, A{^àoaH$,
CËgwH$Vm, bmnadmhr Am{X à{VH$maH$ M[aÌ H$m {Z‘m©U H$aVo h¢&
H¡$Q>b Zo AmJo H$hm h¡ {H$-
EH$ AmÝV[aH$ ‘ZmoX¡{hH$ pñW{V Omo ì¶p³V H$mo à{V[H«$¶m (AdYmZ, A[^kmZ)
H$aZo H$s AZwkm XoVr h¡, dh ^r CÔoí¶m| Ho$ dJm] go, {deof g§doJm| Ho$ AZw^d àmá H$aVr
h¡ Ed§ H$m¶m] H$mo nyU© ê$n go H$aZo Ho$ {bE A{^ào[aV H$aVo h¢& BgHo$ A{V[a³V BZ
à{V‘mZm| ‘o§ Eogo ì¶dhma H$mo àmW{‘H$Vm Xr OmVr h¡, Omo {H$ CÔoí¶ H$s àm{á H$aVo h¢&
10.6.4 Am°bnmoQ>© H$m {gÕmÝV
JmoS>©Z S>ãë¶y. Am°bnmoQ>© Zo ì¶p³VËd Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘|, Omo {gÕmÝV à{Vnm{XV
{H$¶m h¡, dh d§eH«$‘ VWm dmVmdaU, d¡¶p³VH$ ^oX Am{X na AmYm[aV h¢&
Am°bnmoQ>© Zo d§eH«$‘ Ûmam {ZYm©[aV ì¶p³VËd Ho$ O{Q>b {‘lU Ho$ à{V ݶm¶
H$aZo, ñd^md, gm‘m{OH$ VWm ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ H$maUm| Ho$ à{V ݶm¶ H$aZo na
~b {X¶m h¡& gmW hr ì¶p³VËd H$s ZdrZVm H$mo ‘mݶVm XoZo na ^r ~b {X¶m
h¡, Omo AZoH$ gåàXm¶m| VWm ì¶p³VËdm| ‘| {dÚ‘mZ hmoVr h¡& ì¶p³VËd H$mo
{ZYm©[aV H$aZo dmbr àd¥[Îm¶m|, {deofVmAm| VWm dmVmdaU Ho$ à{V g‘m¶moOZ
go ì¶p³VËd H$m {ZYm©aU hmoVm h¡&
10.6.5 ‘wa} H$m {gÕmÝV
EM. E. ‘wa} Zo ì¶p³VËd Ho$ gÝX^© ‘| H$hm h¡-
ì¶p³VËd H$m¶m©Ë‘H$ ê$n Ed§ ep³V¶m| H$s {ZaÝVaVm h¡, Omo g§J{R>V à{H«$¶m Ho$ ê$n
‘| OÝ‘ go ‘¥Ë¶w VH$ ~{h‘w©Ir hmoH$a àH$Q> hmoVr h¡& Bg ‘V Ho$ AZwgma H$m¶m©Ë‘H$
ê$nm| H$s {ZaÝVaVm G$UmË‘H$ VWm YZmË‘H$ A{^{Zdoe gå~ÝY, ‘V^oX, g{H«$¶Vm,
{ZpîH«$¶Vm Am{X H$m ¶moJ H$a ì¶p³VËd H$m {Z‘m©U H$aVr h¡&
Bg ‘V na H${Vn¶ Amamon ^r h¢, O¡go- AMoVZ {ZYm©aH$m| H$m ì¶dhma
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
àJʶ
na à^md, A{YJ‘ H$s ^y{‘H$m, A{^àoaUm H$s pñW{V ì¶p³VËd na à^md
S>mbVr h¡ Am¡a CgH$s A{^ì¶p³V H$m H$maU ~ZVr h¡&
10.7 ì¶p³VËd Ho$ {dH$mg Ho$ H$maH$ ¶m VÎd
VÎd Ho$ {df¶ ‘| AmbnmoQ© H$m H$WZ h¡ {H$ ¶h ‘ZmoX¡{hH$ g§JR>Z h¡& à˶oH$
ì¶{³V, ì¶p³VËd eãX go n¥WH²$-n¥WH²$ Ame¶ bJmVm h¡& H$moB© eara gm¡îR>d
H$mo ì¶p³VËd ‘mZVm h¡ Vmo H$moB© ~mVMrV Ho$ à^mdembr T>§J H$mo, H$moB© ghmZw^y{V
ì¶dhma VWm ghm¶Vm H$aZo H$mo, gX¡d VËna ì¶{³V H$mo à^mdembr ì¶p³VËd
Ho$ ê$n ‘| boVm h¡ Vmo H$moB© AmH$f©H$ n[aYmZ Am¡a H$bmË‘H$ ‘oH$An H$mo
ì¶p³VËd H$s loUr ‘| bmVo h¢& {‘eob Zo H$hm h¡-
{dMma Am¡a g§doJm| g{hV ì¶{³VËd, ì¶dhma H$s {d{eîQ>Vm H$s Amoa g§Ho$V H$aVm
h¡& ¶h pñW{V dmVmdaU ‘| CgHo$ g‘m¶moOZ H$s Amoa g§Ho$V H$aVr h¡&
ì¶p³VËd Ho$ {dH$mg na à^md S>mbZo dmbo à‘wI H$maH$ {ZåZ{b{IV
h¢-
1. emar[aH$ à^md
eara Ho$ ñZm¶w‘ÊS>b Am¡a {H«$¶mAm| H$m ì¶p³VËd Ho$ {dH$mg na Aà˶j à^md
n‹S>Vm h¡& emar[aH$ H$‘r H$m ‘Zwî¶ Ho$ ì¶p³VËd na à^md n‹S>Vm h¡& ‘Zwî¶ H$s
~w{Õ, ‘mZ{gH$ ¶mo½¶Vm, ‘mZ{gH$ Xþ~©bVm ì¶p³VËd Ho$ {dH$mg ‘| ghm¶H$ hmoVo
h¢& Xþ~©b ì¶{³V H$m ì¶p³VËd nyU©V… {dH${gV Zht hmoVm&
2. d§e naånam
‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| H$m ‘V h¡ {H$ ì¶dhma ‘| d§e-naånam H$m à^md H$‘ {XImB©
n‹S>Vm h¡& ñH$m°Q> Ho$ AZwgma-
BgH$s ^y{‘H$m Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘| d§e naånam na à^md S>mbZo dmbo VÎdm| Ho$ {ZYm©aH$m|
H$m {dH$mg hmoVm h¡& AZwH$aUerbVm Bg‘| nmB© OmVr h¡& d§eH«$‘ H$m g‘ñV kmZ
d¡¶p³VH$ {^ÝZVm H$mo àH$Q> H$aVm h¡&
d§emZwH«$‘ Ho$ AmYma na ~hþV go ì¶p³V CËWmZ Zht H$a nmVo& {~«{Q>e
‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ ‘mZVo h¢ {H$ ‘Zwî¶ Ho$ {dH$mg ‘| d§emZwH«$‘ hr {deof ¶moJ XoVm h¡&
3. dmVmdaU H$m à^md
ì¶p³VËd Ho$ {dH$mg na g~go A{YH$ à^md dmVmdaU H$m n‹S>Vm h¡& OÝ‘ go
hr ‘mZd {ZpíMV dmVmdaU ‘| ahVm h¡& CgH$mo O¡gm dmVmdaU {‘boJm, d¡go hr
CgH$s {deofVmAm| H$m {dH$mg hmoJm& Ka Ho$ AmXe©, ar{V-[admO, ~mob-Mmb
g^r ~mV| ~ÀMo Ho$ ì¶p³VËd na à^md S>mbVr h¡& dmVmdaU Xmo ê$nm| ‘| à^md
S>mbVm h¡-
1. gm‘m{OH$ dmVmdaU- gm‘m{OH$ AdñWm H$m ì¶p³VËd Ho$ {dH$mg
na g~go A{YH$ à^md n‹S>Vm h¡& S>bS>© H$m H$hZm h¡ {H$ ‘Zwî¶ H$m
ì¶p³Ëd g‘mO Ho$ dmVmdaU go Jy±Wm hmoVm h¡& bm°aoÝg Ho$ AZwgma-
g§ñH¥${V dh AmYma ^y{‘ h¡, {Oggo ì¶p³V {dH${gV hmoVm h¡& gm‘m{OH$
dmVmdaU ì¶p³VËd Ho$ {dH$mg ‘| {deof hmW ~±Q>mVm h¡&
2. gm§ñH¥${VH$ gå¶H²$- ‘Zwî¶ Ho$ ì¶p³VËd Ho$ {dH$mg ‘| CgH$s
gä¶Vm, ahZ-ghZ H$m T>§J ^r {deof ¶moJ XoVm h¡& ‘Zwî¶ Ho$
ì¶p³VËd Ho$ {dH$mg na gä¶Vm H$s A{‘Q> N>mn ahVr h¡&
ì¶p³VËd n¥îR> 165
4. ~më¶mdñWm Ho$ AZw^d
~më¶H$mb Ho$ AZw^d ñWm¶r ê$n go ‘Zwî¶ Ho$ ì¶p³VËd H$m A§J ~Z OmVo
h¢& ‘mVm-{nVm H$m VWm Ka Ho$ Aݶ gXñ¶m| H$m ì¶dhma ~ÀMo Ho$ {dH${gV
‘pñVîH$ na à^md S>mbVm h¡& ñQ>mQ>© Ho$ AZwgma-
{H$emoa Ho$ ì¶p³VËd na ‘mVm-{nVm, Ka Ho$ gXñ¶, {‘Ìm| H$m ~hþV A{YH$ à^md
n‹S>Vm h¡& Ka H$s Am{W©H$ Ed§ gm‘m{OH$ AdñWm ^r Aà˶j ê$n go ~ÀMo Ho$ {dH$mg
na à^md S>mbVr h¡&
5. {dÚmb¶ H$m AZw^d
{dÚmb¶ H$m dmVmdaU, AܶmnH$m| Ed§ Aݶ {dÚm{W©¶m| H$m ì¶dhma, nmR²>¶H«$‘
Am{X ~ÀMo Ho$ ì¶p³VËd H$mo ~ZmZo ‘| gh¶moJ XoVo h¢& Omo {dÚmb¶ ~ÀMm| H$mo
AÀN>m dmVmdaU, ghmZw^y{V, {‘b-OwbH$a H$m¶© H$aZo H$m {ejU XoVo h¢,
dhm± na ~ÀMm| H$o ì¶p³VËd H$m {dH$mg AÀN>m hmoVm h¡ Am¡a BgHo$ gmW-gmW
~ÀMm| H$s Amdí¶H$VmAm| H$mo ܶmZ ‘| aIVm h¡ VÏmm öX¶ ‘| g‘yh ^mdZm H$m
{dH$mg H$aVm h¡& {dÚmb¶ ‘| ~ÀMo H$s Amdí¶H$VmAm| H$r ny{V©, ‘Zmoa§OZ Ho$
gmYZ, Iobm| H$m à~ÝY, CÀMmXe©, {ejm, ZmQ>H$, S´m‘m, gwÝXa nwñVH$mb¶
VWm AܶmnH$m| Ho$ AmXe©- ¶o g^r ~mV| AÀN>o ~ÀMo Ho$ AÀN>o ì¶p³VËd Ho$
{Z‘m©U ‘| ghm¶H$ {gÕ hmoVr h¢&
6. Zbr {dhrZ J«pÝW¶m±
¶o J«pÝW¶m± ì¶p³VËd Ho$ {ZYm©aU ‘| ‘hÎdnyU© ¶moJ XoVr h¢& BZ J«pÝW¶m| go ‘mZd
Ho$ ì¶p³VËd H$m {dH$mg {ZYm©[aV ‘ZmoX¡{hH$ {Xem ‘| hmoVm h¡&
7. g‘yh H$s gXñ¶Vm
ì¶p³VËd Ho$ {dH$mg H$s EH$ AdñWm g‘yh H$s gXñ¶Vm ^r h¡& ì¶p³V EH$
gmW O~ AZoH$ g‘yhm| H$s gXñ¶Vm J«hU H$aVm h¡, Vmo CgHo$ ì¶dhma H$m
MVw‘w©Ir {dH$mg hmoVm h¡& Cgo ~hþ‘w©Ir ì¶p³VËd Ho$ ê$n ‘| nhMmZm OmVm h¡&
8. A{YJ‘ AdñWm
ì¶p³VËd Ho$ {dH$mg H$s EH$ AdñWm A{YJ‘ H$s h¡& ì¶p³V {H$gr ZdrZ
AZw^d H$mo {H$g àH$ma grIVm h¡, Bggo Cg ì¶p³VËd H$s AdñWm H$m nVm
MbVm h¡& pñH$Za, {‘ba VWm S>m°bS>© Zo Bg V϶ na ~b {X¶m& B[aH$gZ,
Am°bnmoQ>©, ~m°g, e¡ëS>Z Am{X Zo ì¶p³VËd H$m {dH$mg A{YJ‘ H$s AdñWm
‘| ~Vm¶m h¡&
9. ì¶dhma H$s BH$mB©
pñH$Za Zo ì¶dhma H$mo AZoH$ BH$mB©¶m| ‘| ~m±Q>m h¡& CgH$m H$hZm h¡ {H$ N>moQ>r-
N>moQ>r BH$mB©¶m± O~ nyU© ì¶dhma Ho$ ê$n ‘| 춳V hmoVr h¡, Vmo do ì¶p³VËd Ho$
{dH$mg H$m EH$ ^mJ ~Z OmVr h¢&
10. A{^àoaUm H$m ~mhþë¶
ì¶p³VËd Ho$ {dH$mg H$s EH$ AdñWm A{^àoaUm H$m ~mhþë¶ ^r h¢& ì¶dhma
VWm ì¶p³VËd H$s nhMmZ A{^àoaUm Ho$ AZoH$ Mam| Ho$ Ûmam hmoVr h¡&
11. {dH$mg H$s gmV˶Vm
E[aH$gZ Zo {dH$mg H$mo EH$ gVV² {H«$¶m ‘mZm h¢& CgH$m {dídmg h¡ {H$
ì¶p³VËd H$mo {dH$mg H$s {d{^ÝZ AdñWmAm| O¡go-^mfm, emar[aH$, g§doJmË‘H$,
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
n¥îR> 166 ì¶p³VËd
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
gm‘m{OH$ VWm gm§ñH¥${VH$ Cn^mJm| ‘| Zht ~m±Q>m Om gH$Vm& ¶h {dídmg gVV²
Ed§ g‘J« ê$n go MbVm ahVm h¡&
10.8 ì¶p³VËd Ed§ {ejm
{ejm H$m CÔoí¶ ì¶p³V H$m gdmªJrU {dH$mg H$aZm h¡& ¶{X ì¶p³V H$m
gdmªJrU {dH$mg hmoVm h¡, Vmo CgHo$ ì¶p³VËd H$m ^r {dH$mg hmoJm& AV…
ì¶p³VËd Ho$ Aܶ¶Z H$m {ejmempñ̶m| Ho$ {bE A˶ÝV ‘hÎd h¡&
1. ì¶p³VËd Ho$ {dH$mg go AÝVÑ©pîQ> {dH${gV hmoVr h¡ Am¡a Cg‘§o
{d{^ÝZ ep³V¶m± g§J{R>V hmoZo bJVr h¡&
2. kmZ go AmË‘{dH$mg H$mo ~b {‘bVm h¡& ñd¶§ Ho$ à{V AZoH$ à˶¶m§o
H$m ñnîQ>rH$aU hmo OmVm h¡&
3. {dídmg VWm AmË‘-{dídmg {dH${gV hmoVm h¡&
A{^àoaUm, A{YH$ma, ^mdZm, g˶ H$m kmZ VWm Ad~moY, n[aM¶,
{ZH$Q>Vm, K{ZîQ>Vm Am{X Ho$ {dH$mg ‘| {ejm ghm¶H$ hmoVr h¡& Bgr{bE H$hm
J¶m h¡- ¶h Bg ~mV H$mo XoIVm h¡ {H$ ì¶p³V ñd¶§ H$mo OmZVm h¡ AWdm Zht,
{H$ dh gå‘mZ, Ad~moY VWm ߶ma nmZo bm¶H$ h¡; dh ñd¶§ H$mo OmZZo VWm
AnZo H$mo Xÿgam| ‘| {‘bZo Ho$ ¶mo½¶ h¡&
10.9 ì¶p³VËd {dH$mg ‘§o AܶmnH$ H$s ^y{‘H$m
ì¶p³VËd {dH$mg na {dÚmb¶ Ho$ dmVmdaU VWm nR>Z-nmR>Z H$m n¶m©á à^md
n‹S>Vm h¡& Bg‘| {ejH$ H$s ^y{‘H$m ^r H$m’$s Ah‘² hmoVr h¡& {ejH$ Ho$ ì¶dhma,
CZHo$ ì¶p³VËd H$m à^md N>mÌm| Ho$ ì¶p³VËd {dH$mg na Aà˶j ê$n go
n‹S>Vm hr h¡, na AܶmnH$ à˶j ê$n go CZHo$ ì¶p³VËd {dH$mg ‘| ¶moJXmZ
^r H$aVm h¡& AV… Bg ÑpîQ> go {ejH$m| H$mo ì¶p³VËd {dH$mg ‘| AnZr ^y{‘H$m
H$mo gmW©H$ H$aZo Ho$ {bE {ZåZ{b{IV ~mVm| na ܶmZ XoZm Mm{hE-
1. à˶oH$ N>mÌ H$s d¡¶p³VH$Vm H$mo nhMmZZo H$m à¶mg {H$¶m OmZm
Mm{hE VWm CZH$s ì¶p³VJV {d{^ÝZVm H$mo ܶmZ ‘| aIVo hþE
CZH$s OÝ‘OmV j‘VmAm| Ho$ {dH$mg H$m Adga {X¶m OmZm Mm{hE&
2. ~mbH$m| Ho$ gånyU© ì¶p³VËd H$mo {dH${gV H$aZo Ho$ à¶mg {H$¶o
Om¶o&
3. ~mbH$m| Ho$ gdmªJrU {dH$mg hoVw {dÚmb¶ ‘| AZoH$ nmR²>¶H«$‘
ghJm‘r {H«$¶mAm| H$m Am¶moOZ {H$¶m Om¶o&
4. ~mbH$m| H$s ì¶p³VJV, e¡{jH$ Ed§ ì¶mdgm{¶H$ g‘ñ¶mAm| Ho$
g‘mYmZ hoVw {dÚmb¶ ‘| {ZX}eZ Ed§ nam‘e© godmE± Am¶mo{OV H$s
Om¶o&
5. {dÚmb¶ H$m dmVmdaU gab, ‘Ywa, emÝV Ed§ ào‘‘¶ ~Zm¶m Om¶o&
6. ~mbH$m| H$r g¥OZerbVm H$m {dH$mg {H$¶m Omdo VWm CZH$mo ñdVÝÌ
{MÝVZ hoVw àmoËgm{hV {H$¶m Om¶o&
7. ~mbH$mo H$mo Eogo AZw^d {X¶o Om¶o, {Oggo CZ‘| {dídmg Ed§
AmË‘{dídmg {dH${gV hmo gHo$&
8. ì¶p³VËd H$mo à^mdembr ~ZmZo Ho$ {bE AmXe© ì¶p³V¶m| Ho$
AZwH$aU Ho$ Adga {X¶o Om¶|&
àJʶ
9. {dÚmb¶ ‘| ~ÀMm| H$mo Cn¶w³V ‘Zmoa§OZ Ho$ Adga ^r {X¶o Om¶o&
10. ~mbH$m| H$m nm[adm[aH$ dmVmdaU AÀN>m hmo Bg hoVw A{^^mdH$m| H$mo
‘mJ©Xe©Z {X¶m Omdo&
11. OÝ‘OmV ep³V¶m| Ho$ {dH$mg hoVw {dÚmb¶ ‘| AÀN>m dmVmdaU
~Zm¶m Om¶|&
12. AܶmnH$ H$mo AnZo ñd¶§ Ho$ ì¶p³VËd H$mo AZwH$aUr¶ ~ZmZm
Mm{hE&
13. N>mÌm| ‘| gH$mamË‘H$ ÑpîQ>H$moU H$m {dH$mg {H$¶m Om¶o
14. AܶmnH$m| H$mo AnZm ÑpîQ>H$moU ^r gH$mamË‘H$ ~ZmZo Mm{hE&
15. N>mÌ AܶmnH$ gå~ÝY ñZoh nyU© Ed§ ‘Ywa ~ZmZo H$s Amoa ܶmZ
XoZm Mm{hE&
16. N>mÌm| Ho$ g‘J« ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$s ì¶dñWm H$s Om¶o&
17. ~mbH$m| H$mo ZH$mamË‘H$ ÑpîQ>H$moU Ed§ g§doJm| go ~Mm¶m Om¶o&
18. N>mÌm| H$mo ñdVÝÌ A[^ì¶p³V Ho$ {bE Adga àXmZ {H$¶o Om¶o&
10.10 ì¶p³VËd ‘mnZ
‘Zwî¶ Ho$ ì¶p³VËd Ho$ ‘mnZ H$m B{Vhmg ~hþV nwamZm h¡& àmMrZ H$mb ‘|
h‘mao Xoe ‘| ‘Zwî¶ Ho$ ì¶p³VËd go VmËn¶© CgHo$ emar[aH$, ‘mZ{gH$ Am¡a
AmܶmpË‘H$ {dH$mg Ho$ g‘J« ê$n go {b¶m OmVm Wm& AV… V~ BgH$m ‘mnZ
^r BZHo$ {dH$mg Ho$ AmYma na {H$¶m OmVm Wm& AmJo MbH$a Cgo CgH$s
gV²,aO² Am¡a V‘² d¥[Îm¶m| Ho$ ê$n ‘| XoIm-g‘Pm OmZo bJm Am¡a {Og ì¶p³V
‘| {Og d¥[Îm H$s A{YH$Vm hmoVr Wr, Cgo Cgr Ho$ AZwHy$b gmpËdH$, amOgr
AWdm Vm‘gr ì¶p³VËd H$m H$hm OmZo bJm& dV©‘mZ ‘| Z Vmo h‘ ì¶p³VËd Ho$
ñdê$n Ho$ {df¶ ‘| EH$‘V h¡ Am¡a Z hr CgHo$ ‘mnZ Ho$ {df¶ ‘| EH$‘V h¡&
Xÿgao Xoem| H$s H$hmZr h‘mao Xoe go Hw$N> {^ÝZ h¢& àmMrZH$mb ‘| dhm±
‘Zwî¶ Ho$ ì¶p³VËd go VmËn¶© CgHo$ ~mø ñdê$n go {b¶m OmVm Wm& dh {Og
àH$ma H$m ì¶dhma H$aVm Wm Cgo CgHo$ ì¶dhma Ho$ AZwHy$b Cgr dJ© ‘| aIm
OmVm Wm& amo‘Z H$mb ‘| dhm± CgHo$ ì¶p³VËd ‘| CgHo$ AmÝV[aH$ ñdê$n H$mo
^r gpå‘{bV {H$¶m OmZo bJm Am¡a V~ CgH$m ‘mnZ ^r XmoZm| AmYmam| na
{H$¶m OmZo bJm&
dV©‘mZ ‘| ‘Zwî¶ Ho$ ì¶p³VËd Ho$ ñdê$n H$s ì¶m»¶m Am¡a CgHo$ ‘mnZ
H$s {d{Y¶m| H$m {dH$mg nmíMm˶ ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| Zo ewê$ {H$¶m& CÝhm|Zo ì¶p³VËd
‘mnZ H$s AZoH$ {d{Y¶m| H$m {dH$mg ^r {H$¶m h¡& h‘mao Xoe Ho$ ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$
CZH$m AmYw[ZH$aU H$a aho h¢& Bg ~rM ì¶p³VËd ‘mnZ H$s {OZ {d{Y¶m| H$m
{dH$mg hþAm h¡, CÝh| ‘ybV… Xmo dJm] ‘| {d^m{OV {H$¶m OmVm h¡- Aàjonr
{d{Y¶m± Am¡a àjonr {d{Y¶m±& Aàjonr {d{Y¶m| ‘| Hw$N> {d{Y¶m± ì¶p³V{ZîR> h¢
Am¡a Hw$N> {d{Y¶m± dñVw{ZîR> h¢& ì¶p³V{ZîR> {d{Y¶m| ‘| ‘w»¶ {d{Y¶m± h¢-
AdbmoH$Z {d{Y, gmjmËH$ma {d{Y, àíZmdbr {d{Y, ì¶p³V B{Vhmg {d{Y Am¡a
AmË‘H$Wm [d{Y& dñVw{ZîR> {d{Y¶m| ‘| ‘w»¶ {d{Y¶m± h¢- {Z¶{ÝÌV {ZarjU
{d{Y, loUr ‘mnZr, emar[aH$ narjU Am¡a n[apñW{V narjU& àjonr {d{Y¶m|
‘| ‘w»¶ {d{Y¶m± h¢- gmhM¶© à{d{Y, aMZm à{d{Y, ny{V© à{d{Y, M¶Z à{d{Y
Am¡a A{^ì¶p³V narjU& A{^ì¶p³V narjU ‘| amoem© ñ¶mhr Yã~m narjU,
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
àJʶ ì¶p³VËd
àmg§{JH$ AÝV~m}Y narjU Am¡a ~mb AÝV~m}Y narjU ‘w»¶ h¢& ì¶p³VËd
narjUm| Ho$ Bg dJuH$aU H$mo ZrMo Ho$ MmQ>© Ûmam EH$ ÑpîQ> ‘| XoIm-g‘Pm Om
gH$Vm h¡-
10.10.1 ì¶p³VËd ‘mnZ H$s ì¶p³V{ZîR> {d{Y¶m±
ì¶p³VËd ‘mnZ H$s ì¶p³V{ZîR> {d{Y¶m| go VmËn¶© CZ {d{Y¶m| go h¡, {OZHo$
‘mnZ narjU n[aUm‘ ‘mnZH$Vm© H$s AnZr ‘mݶVmAm|, AnZr ngÝX-
ZmngÝX Am¡a AnZo ì¶p³VJV ‘mZXÊS>m| go à^m{dV hmoVo h¢& BZ {d{Y¶m| ‘|
{ZåZ{b{IV {d{Y¶m± gpå‘{bV h¢-
1. AdbmoH$Z {d{Y
2. gmjmËH$ma {d{Y
3. àíZmdbr {d{Y
4. ì¶p³V B{Vhmg {d{Y
5. AmˑH$Wm {d{Y
1. AdbmoH$Z {d{Y
Bg {d{Y ‘| ‘mnZH$Vm© à¶moÁ¶ Ho$ ì¶dhma H$m AdbmoH$Z H$aVm h¡ Am¡a ¶h
XoIVm h¡ {H$ Cg‘| ì¶p³VËd Ho$ H$m¡Z-H$m¡Z go bjU h¢ Am¡a do {H$VZr-{H$VZr
‘mÌm ‘| h¢- A{YH$, gm‘mݶ AWdm ݶyZ ‘mÌm ‘|& ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ Wm°Z©S>mBH$
Am¡a O{g©©ëS> Zo àmaå^ ‘| Bgr {d{Y H$m à¶moJ {H$¶m Wm&
Bg {d{Y H$m g~go ~‹S>m JwU ¶h h¡ {H$ Bg‘| ‘mnZH$Vm© à¶moÁ¶ H$s
{deofVmAm| (ì¶p³VËd bjUm|) H$mo ñd¶§ AnZr Am±Im| go XoIVm h¡ Am¡a {X‘mJ
go g‘PVm h¡, Cgo {H$gr ‘mnZ CnH$aU H$s Amdí¶H$Vm Zht hmoVr&
Bg {d{Y ‘| Hw$N> H${‘¶m± ^r h¢& nhbr H$‘r Vmo ¶h h¡ {H$ Bg {d{Y
go ì¶p³VËd ‘mnZ ‘| g‘¶ ~hþV A{YH$ bJVm h¡ Am¡a Xÿgar H$‘r ¶h h¡
{H$ BgHo$ ‘mnZ n[aUm‘ ‘mnZH$Vm© na {Z^©a H$aVo h¢, do dñVw{ZîR> Z hmoH$a
ì¶p³V{ZîR> hmoVo h¢&
2. gmjmËH$ma {d{Y
Bg {d{Y ‘| ‘mnZH$Vm© Am¡a à¶moÁ¶ EH$-Xÿgao Ho$ Am‘Zo-gm‘Zo hmoVo h¢&
‘mnZH$Vm© à¶moÁ¶ go ì¶p³VËd Ho$ bjÊm gå~ÝYr àíZ nyN>Vm h¡ Am¡a à¶moÁ¶
n¥îR> 167
CZHo$ CÎma XoVm h¡& ¶h H$m¶© Am¡nMm[aH$ AWdm AZm¡nMm[aH$ {H$gr ^r ê$n
‘| {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡&
Bg {d{Y H$s g~go ~‹S>r {deofVm ¶h h¡ {H$ Bg‘| ‘mnZH$Vm© gd©àW‘
à¶moÁ¶ go gm¡hmX«© ñWm{nV H$aVm h¡& Bg{bE à¶moÁ¶ AnZo gå~ÝY ‘| JmonZr¶
V϶ ^r ~Vm XoVm h¡& Xÿgar {deofVm ¶h h¡ {H$ BgHo$ Ûmam à¶moÁ¶ Ho$ Hw$N>
Eogo bjUm| H$s OmZH$mar ^r H$s Om gH$Vr h¡, Omo Aݶ {d{Y¶m| go Zht H$s
Om gH$Vr; O¡go- AmË‘{dídmg Ed§ A{^ì¶p³V e¡br& Bg {d{Y go Xÿgar
{d{Y¶m| Ûmam àmá Am±H$‹S>m| H$s nwpîQ> ^r H$s Om gH$Vr h¡& Bg {d{Y H$m à¶moJ
‘w»¶ ê$n go à¶moÁ¶m| H$s g‘ñ¶mAm| H$m nVm bJmH$a CÝh| ì¶p³VJV {ZX}e
XoZo go {H$¶m OmVm h¡&
Bg {d{Y go ì¶p³VJV ‘mnZ ‘| g‘¶ ~hþV A{YH$ bJVm h¡ Am¡a My±{H$
EH$ g‘¶ ‘| Ho$db EH$ hr à¶moÁ¶ Ho$ ì¶p³VËd H$m ‘mnZ {H$¶m Om gH$Vm
h¡, Bg{bE g‘¶ Ho$ gmW-gmW ep³V ^r ~hþV A{YH$ bJVr h¡& {’$a ¶h
ì¶p³V{ZîR> {d{Y h¡, BgHo$ n[aUm‘m| na {dídmg Zht {H$¶m Om gH$Vm&
3. àíZmdbr {d{Y
àíZmdbr {d{Y H$mo n[agyMr {d{Y ^r H$hVo h¢& ¶h gmjmËH$ma H$m Am¡nMm[aH$
Ed§ {b{IV ê$n h¡& Bg {d{Y ‘| ì¶p³V Ho$ ì¶{³VËd Ho$ {d{^ÝZ nhbwAm|-
~w{Õ, A{^j‘Vm, g§doJ, AmXe©, ‘yë¶ Am¡a gm‘m{OH$Vm Am{X go gå~pÝYV
àíZm| H$s aMZm H$a CÝh| gyMr~Õ {H$¶m OmVm h¡& BZ gy{M¶m| H$mo ì¶p³VËd
n[agyMr H$hm OmVm h¡& ¶o n[agy{M¶m± à¶moÁ¶ AWdm à¶moÁ¶m| H$mo {dV[aV H$s
OmVr h¡§ Am¡a CZgo ¶m Vmo BÝht n[agy{M¶m| na ¶m AbJ go {XE JE CÎma nÌ
na CZ àíZm| Ho$ CÎma XoZo H$mo H$hm OmVm h¡& àíZm| Ho$ àH$ma Ho$ AmYma na
àíZmd{b¶m| H$mo {ZåZ{b{IV Mma dJm] ‘| {d^m{OV {H$¶m OmVm h¡-
1. à{V~pÝYV àíZmdbr- ¶o do àíZmdbr h¢, {OZ‘| à¶moÁ¶m| H$mo àíZm|
H$m CÎma à{V~pÝYV ê$n go XoZm hmoVm h¡; O¡go- hm± ¶m Zm àíZ&
Bg àH$ma Ho$ àíZm| H$m EH$ CXmhaU àñVwV h¡-
³¶m Amn A{V{W¶m| Ho$ AmJ‘Z na àgÝZ hmoVo h¢? hm±/Zm
2. Iwbr àíZmdbr- ¶o do àíZmdbr h¢, {OZ‘| à¶moÁ¶m| H$mo àíZm| Ho$
CÎma AnZo VarH$m| go XoZo H$s ñdVÝÌVm hmoVr h¡& Bg àH$ma Ho$
àíZm| H$m EH$ CXmhaU h¡-
n[adma ‘| A{V{W Ho$ AmJ‘Z na h‘| CZHo$ gmW H¡$gm ì¶dhma H$aZm
Mm{hE?
3. {MÌmË‘H$ àíZmdbr- Bg àíZmd{b¶m| ‘§o àíZm| H$mo {MÌ ê$n ‘|
àñVwV {H$¶m OmVm h¡ Am¡a à¶moÁ¶m| H$mo C{MV {MÌ H$m M¶Z H$a
{ZemZ bJmH$a CÎma XoZm hmoVm h¡&
4. {‘{lV àíZmdbr- ¶o do àíZmdbr h¢, {OZ‘| Cnamo³V Xmo ¶m VrZm|
àH$ma Ho$ àíZ hmoVo h¢&
Bg {d{Y H$s g~go ~‹S>r {deofVm ¶h h¡ {H$ BgHo$ Ûmam ì¶p³V¶m| Ho$
ì¶p³VËd Ho$ AZoH$ bjUm|- AmË‘{dídmg, AYrZVm, AÝV‘w©IVm, ~{h‘w©IVm
Ed§ à^wËd àd¥{Îm Am{X H$m nVm bJm¶m Om gH$Vm h¡& Xÿgar {deofVm ¶h h¡ {H$
à¶moÁ¶m| Ho$ CÎmam| H$s {^ÝZVm Ho$ AmYma na CZHo$ ì¶p³VËdm| H$s VwbZm H$s
Om gH$Vr h¡ Am¡a Vrgar {deofVm ¶h h¡ {H$ Bg {d{Y go EH$ g‘¶ ‘| AZoH$
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
n¥îR> 168 ì¶p³VËd
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
à¶moÁ¶m| Ho$ ì¶p³VËd H$m ‘mnZ EH$ gmW {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡, Bggo g‘¶ Ed§
ep³V, XmoZm| H$s ~MV hmoVr h¡&
Bg {d{Y H$r AnZr Hw$N> H${‘¶m± ^r h¢& nhbr H$‘r Vmo ¶h h¡ {H$
à¶moÁ¶ àm¶… {~Zm gmoMo CÎma Xo gH$Vo h¢& Xÿgar H$‘r ¶h h¡ {H$ do ~ZmdQ>r
CÎma ^r Xo gH$Vo h¢, Am¡a XoVo ^r h¢& à¶moÁ¶m| H$mo AnZo ì¶p³VËd Ho$ ~mao ‘|
gyMZm XoZr hmoVr h¡, Bg{bE do àm¶… YZmË‘H$ V϶m| H$mo ~‹T>m-M‹T>m H$a 춳V
H$aVo h¢ Am¡a G$UmË‘H$ V϶m| H$mo {N>nmZo H$m à¶ËZ H$aVo h¢&
gm‘mݶV¶m ¶h EH$ AÀN>r {d{Y ‘mZr OmVr h¡& Bg ~rM ì¶p³VËd
‘mnZ H$s AZoH$ n[agy{M¶m| H$m {Z‘m©U hþAm h¡& CZ‘| go Hw$N> ‘w»¶ n[agy{M¶m|
Ho$ Zm‘ {ZåZ {XE Om aho h¢-
1. ~¡b H$s g‘m¶moOZ n[agyMr
2. {‘ZmgmoQ>m ZmZm pñW{VH$ ì¶p³VËd n[agyMr
3. ~Z©a²¶yQ>a ì¶p³VËd n[agyMr
4. Am°bnmoQ>© E. Eg. à{V{H«$¶m Aܶ¶Z
5. ’«$m¶S> hrS>~«oH$S>a H$m AÝV‘w©Ir-~{h‘w©Ir narjU
6. H$mZ©b gyMH$
7. dwS>dW© H$m ì¶p³VËd V϶ nÌH$
8. ‘Zmo{dkmZembm CÎma àXoe H$s ì¶p³VËd n[agyMr
4. ì¶p³V B{Vhmg {d{Y
ì¶p³V B{Vhmg {d{Y H$mo OrdZ B{Vhmg {d{Y ^r H$hVo h¢& Bg {d{Y ‘|
à¶moÁ¶ Ho$ OÝ‘ go boH$a A~ VH$ Ho$ {df¶ ‘o| gm‘mݶ gyMZmE± EH${ÌV H$s
OmVr h¡; O¡go- emar[aH$ ñdmñ϶, n[an³dVm, ~w{Õ, nm[adm[aH$ gå~ÝY,
gm‘m{OH$ gå~ÝY, {ejm Am¡a ì¶p³VJV g‘ñ¶mE±& ‘mnZH$Vm© ¶o gyMZmE± Xmo
àH$ma go àmá H$aVo h¢- EH$ grYo à¶moÁ¶m| go Am¡a Xÿgao à¶moÁ¶m| go gå~pÝYV
ì¶p³V¶m| (‘mVm-{nVm, n‹S>mogr, ghnmR>r Am{X) go&
{ejm Ho$ joÌ ‘| Bg {d{Y H$m à¶moJ ‘w»¶ ê$n go ~mb AnamYm| Ho$
H$maUm| H$m nVm bJmZo Ho$ {bE {H$¶m OmVm h¡& {M{H$Ëgm Ho$ joÌ ‘| BgH$m à¶moJ
‘w»¶ ê$n go ‘Zmo{M{H$ËgH$ H$aVo h¢&
Bg {d{Y H$s AnZr Hw$N> H${‘¶m± ^r h¢& nhbr ¶h h¡ {H$ à¶moÁ¶ AWdm
à¶moÁ¶m| go gå~pÝYV ì¶p³V à¶moÁ¶ Ho$ ~mao ‘| àm¶… ghr gyMZm Zht XoVo Am¡a
Xÿgar ¶h h¡ {H$ ¶h ì¶p³V{ZîR> {d{Y h¡, BgHo$ n[aUm‘ ‘mnZH$Vm© H$s AnZr
ngÝX-ZmngÝX Am¡a AnZo ì¶p³VJV ‘mZXÊS> na {Z^©a H$aVo h¢, do ghr ^r
hmo gH$Vo h¢ Am¡a JbV ^r&
5. AmˑH$Wm {d{Y
AmË‘H$Wm {d{Y Ho$ {ZåZ{b{IV Xmo ê$n hmoVo h¢-
1. ê$naoIm AmYm[aV AmË‘H$Wm- Bg {d{Y ‘| ‘mnZH$Vm© à¶moÁ¶ Ho$
gå‘wI H$moB© erf©H$ AWdm ê$naoIm àñVwV H$aVm h¡ Am¡a Cggo
Cg erf©H$ AWdm ê$naoIm Ho$ AZwgma AnZo OrdZ Ho$ AmYma na
{dMma A{^춳V H$aZo H$mo H$hVm h¡& eV© ¶h hmoVr h¡ {H$ à¶moÁ¶
EH$ ~ma Omo {bI XoVm h¡ Cgo CgH$mo H$mQ>Zo H$s AZw‘{V Zht hmoVr&
V~ CgHo$ Bg AmË‘H$Wm gå~ÝYr boI ‘| CgHo$ ì¶p³VËd H$s
{deofVmAm| H$m A{^춳V hmoZm ñdm^m{dH$ h¡& ‘mnZH$Vm© Bg boI
H$m {díbofU H$a à¶moÁ¶ Ho$ ì¶p³VËd gå~ÝYr V϶m| H$s OmZH$mar
àJʶ
H$aVm h¡&
2. ê$naoIm a{hV AmË‘H$Wm- Bg {d{Y ‘§o à¶moÁ¶ H$mo ñdVÝÌ ê$n
go AnZr AmË‘H$Wm {bIZr hmoVr h¡, Cgo {H$gr àH$ma H$m erf©H$,
ê$naoIm AWdm {ZX}e Zht {XE OmVo& Bg‘| ^r à¶moÁ¶ H$mo Omo EH$
~ma {bI {X¶m, Cgo H$mQ>Zo H$s AZw‘{V Zht hmoVr& n[aUm‘ñdê$n
CgHo$ MoVZ Ed§ AMoVZ, XmoZm| njm| H$s ñdm^m{dH$ A{^ì¶p³V
hmoVr h¡& ‘mnZH$Vm© à¶moÁ¶ H$s AmË‘H$Wm H$m {díbofU H$a CgHo$
ì¶p³VËd gå~ÝYr V϶m| H$s OmZH$mar àmá H$aVm h¡&
AmË‘H$Wm {H$gr ^r àH$ma go {bIdmB© OmE, Cg‘| à¶moÁ¶ Ho$
ì¶p³VËd Ho$ A{V{d{eîQ> nj COmJa hmoVo h¢& Bg AmË‘H$Wm go à¶moÁ¶ Ho$
O{Q>b g§doJm| H$s OmZH$mar àmá H$s Om gH$Vr h¡ Am¡a CÝh| ì¶p³VJV {ZX}e
{XE Om gH$Vo h¢&
¶h {d{Y gm‘mݶ ì¶p³VËd H$m ‘mnZ H$aZo Ho$ {bE AÀN>r Zht ‘mZr
OmVr, BgH$m Cn¶moJ CÝht ì¶p³V¶m| Ho$ ì¶p³VËd H$m ‘mnZ H$aZo Ho$ {bE
{H$¶m OmVm h¡, {OÝh| ì¶p³VJV {ZX}e XoZo hmo&
10.10.2 ì¶p³VËd ‘mnZ H$s dñVw{ZîR> {d{Y¶m±
ì¶p³VËd ‘mnZ H$s dñVw{ZîR> {d{Y¶m| go VmËn¶© CZ {d{Y¶m| go h¡, {OZHo$
‘mnZ n[aUm‘ ‘mnZH$Vm© H$s AnZr ngÝX-ZmngÝX Am¡a AnZo ì¶p³VJV
‘mZXÊS>m| go à^m{dV Zht hmoVo& BZ {d{Y¶m| ‘| ‘w»¶ {d{Y¶m± {ZåZ{b{IV h¢-
1. {Z¶pÝÌV AdbmoH$Z {d{Y
2. loUr ‘mnZr {d{Y
3. emar[aH$ narjU {d{Y¶m±
4. n[apñW{V narjU
1. {Z¶pÝÌV AdbmoH$Z {d{Y
Bg {d{Y ‘| {H$gr ì¶p³V Ho$ ì¶p³Vd H$m ‘mnZ {Z¶pÝÌV n[apñW{V¶m| ‘|
CgHo$ ~m¡{ÕH$ H$m¶m], g§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mg, é{M¶m|, A{^d¥{Îm¶m| Ed§ AmXVm|
Am{X H$m {ZarjU H$aHo$ {H$¶m OmVm h¡& Bg‘| Hw$N> hr Am±H$‹S>m| go {ZîH$f© Zht
{ZH$mbo OmVo, A{nVw à¶moÁ¶ H$mo {d{^ÝZ {Z¶pÝÌV n[apñW{V¶m| ‘| aIH$a
CgH$m {ZaÝVa dñVw{ZîR> T>§J go {ZarjU {H$¶m OmVm h¡ Am¡a CgHo$ ~mX
{ZîH$f© {ZH$mbo OmVo h¢&
Bg {d{Y H$s g~go ~‹S>r {deofVm ¶h h¡ {H$ Bg‘| ì¶p³V H$s
AZw{H«$¶mAm| H$m Aܶ¶Z {d{^ÝZ àH$ma H$s {Z¶pÝÌV n[apñW{V¶m| ‘| {H$¶m
OmVm h¡, Bg{bE CgHo$ ì¶p³VËd Ho$ dmñV{dH$ V϶m| H$s OmZH$mar hmo OmVr
h¡&
Bg {d{Y ‘o| Hw$N> H${‘¶m± ^r h¡& Bg àH$ma H$m ghr {ZarjU ¶mo½¶ Ed§
à{e{jV ì¶p³V hr H$a gH$Vo h¢& gmW hr ¶h {d{Y gm‘mݶ AdbmoH$Z H$s
Anojm Vmo dñVw{ZîR> hmoVr h¡, naÝVw nyU©ê$n go dñVw{ZîR> Zht hmoVr&
2. loUr ‘mnZr {d{Y
loUr ‘mnZr {d{Y H$mo {ZYm©aU ‘mnZr {d{Y Am¡a H«$‘ {ZYm©aU {d{Y ^r H$hVo
h¢& gd©àW‘ Bg {d{Y H$m à¶moJ ‘Zmo^m¡{VH$s ‘| ’¡$³Za Zo {H$¶m Wm, naÝVw
Bg àH$ma H$s loUr ‘mnZr H$m àH$meZ gd©àW‘ JmëQ>Z Zo 1889 ‘| {H$¶m
Wm& dV©‘mZ ‘| Bg {d{Y H$m à¶moJ g~go A{YH$ {H$¶m OmVm h¡& Bg {d{Y
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
àJʶ
‘| ì¶p³VËd gå~ÝYr AZoH$ bjUm| H$mo àñVwV H$a CZHo$ {bE H«$‘ {ZYm©[aV
H$aZm hmoVm h¡& H«$‘ {ZYm©aU H$m H$m¶© ¶m Vmo Cgr ì¶p³V go H$am¶m OmVm
h¡, {OgHo$ ì¶p³VËd H$m ‘mnZ H$aZm hmoVm h¡ ¶m Cggo gå~pÝYV {H$gr EH$
AWdm EH$ go A{YH$ ì¶p³V¶m| go H$am¶m OmVm h¡& dV©‘mZ ‘| H$B© àH$ma H$s
loUr ‘mn{Z¶m| H$m à¶moJ {H$¶m OmVm h¢, CZ‘| go Hw$N> à‘wI {ZåZ{b{IV h¢-
1. M¡H$ {bñQ>- M¡H$ {bñQ> Xmo àH$ma H$s hmoVr h¢& EH$ ‘| ì¶p³VËd go
gå~pÝYV Hw$N> bjU {XE hmoVo h¢ Am¡a {ZYm©aH$ go ¶h Anojm H$s
OmVr h¡ {H$ à¶moÁ¶ ‘| BZ‘| go Omo bjU (JwU) hmo, CZ na ghr
H$m {ZemZ ({) bJm Xo Am¡a Omo ghr Zht hmo, CZ na Zht ()
bJm Xo; O¡go-
gmhg - h¡/Zht h¡
Xÿgao àH$ma H$s M¡H$ {bñQ> ‘| JwU Ho$ AmJo ‘mÌm {bIr hmoVr h¡ Am¡a
{ZYm©aH$ go ¶h Anojm H$s OmVr h¡ {H$ dh à¶moÁ¶ ‘| dh JwU {Og
‘mÌm ‘| hmo Cg na ghr ({) H$m {M• bJmE; O¡go- à¶moÁ¶ ‘|
{ZåZ{b{IV JwU {Og ‘mÌm ‘| hmo, Cg na ghr ({) H$m {M•
bJmE-
gmhg - ~hþV A{YH$/A{YH$/gm‘mݶ/H$‘/~hþV H$‘
2. Am§{H$H$ ‘mnZr- ¶h ^r Xmo àH$ma H$s hmoVr h¡& EH$ ‘| ì¶p³VËd go
gå~pÝYV Hw$N> bjU {XE hmoVo h¢, {ZYm©aH$ go ¶h Anojm H$s OmVr
h¡ {H$ dh à¶moÁ¶ ‘| Omo bjU g~go A{YH$ hmo, CÝh| 1 A§H$ Xo, Omo
Bggo H$‘ hmo CÝh| 2 A§H$ Xo Am¡a Bgr àH$ma Aݶ bjUm| H$mo 3, 4
d 5 A§H$ Xo& Xÿgar Am§{H$H$ ‘mnZr Eogr hmoVr h¡, {Og‘| ì¶p³VËd
gå~ÝYr 3, 5 AWdm 7 bjU {XE hmoVo h¢ Am¡a {ZYm©aH$ go ¶h
Anojm H$s OmVr h¡ {H$ dh à¶moÁ¶ ‘| Omo bjU gdm©{YH$ ‘mÌm ‘|
hmo, Cgo 1 Am¡a Cgr H«$‘ ‘| Omo bjU g~go H$‘ hmo Cgo ApÝV‘
A§H$ 3, 5 AWdm 7 A§H$ àXmZ H$ao; O¡go- Amn {ZåZ{b{IV
‘yë¶m| ‘| {OgH$mo gdm©{YH$ ‘hÎd XoVo h¢, Cgo 1 A§H$ àXmZ H$a|,
{Ogo Cggo H$‘ ‘hÎd XoVo h¢, Cgo 2 A§H$ àXmZ H$a| Am¡a Bgr H«$‘
‘| Aݶ ‘yë¶m| H$mo 3, 4 d 5 A§H$ àXmZ H$a|-
g˶ Aqhgm AñVo¶ An[aJ«h ~«÷M¶©
3. J«m{’$H$ ‘mnZr- Bg‘| ì¶p³VËd Ho$ {H$gr JwU H$mo A§H$ àXmZ H$aZo
Ho$ ñWmZ na Cgo J«m’$ na ~Zr j¡{VO aoIm na {~ÝXþ go 춳V {H$¶m
OmVm h¢ Bgo j¡{VO aoIm H$mo gmV˶ H$hVo h¢& ‘mnZH$Vm© j¡{VO
aoIm na bJmE JE {~ÝXþAm| H$s Xÿar Ho$ AmYma na ì¶p³VËd Ho$ ¶Wm
bjU H$s ‘mÌm H$mo kmV H$aVm h¡& d¡go Bg àH$ma H$s loUr ‘mnZr
H$m à¶moJ ~hwV H$‘ {H$¶m OmVm h¡&
4. H«${‘H$ ‘mnZr- Bg‘| ì¶p³VËd gå~ÝYr {H$gr bjU go gå~pÝYV
àíZ AWdm H$WZm| Ho$ ñWmZ na ì¶p³VËd Ho$ H$B© bjUm| H$mo EH$
gmW àñVwV {H$¶m OmVm h¡ Am¡a {ZYm©aH$ go CÝh| à¶moÁ¶ Ûmam
àXmZ ‘hÎd Ho$ AZwgma H«$‘~Õ H$am¶m OmVm h¡; O¡go- AmnH$s
ÑpîQ> go EH$ {ejH$ ‘| Omo JwU hmoZo Mm{hE CÝh| àmW{‘H$Vm Ho$ H«$‘
‘| àñVwV H$amo-
{df¶ H$m kmZ, {ejU H$m¡eb, ghmZw^y{V, H$Îm©ì¶{ZîR>m&
ì¶p³VËd n¥îR> 169
5. ~mܶ M¶Z ‘mnZr- Bg‘| ì¶p³VËd Ho$ {H$gr bjU go gå~pÝYV
àíZ Ho$ Xmo ¶m Xmo go A{YH$ CÎma {XE hmoVo h¢- à¶moÁ¶ ¶m {ZYm©aH$
H$mo CÝht CÎmam| H$m M¶Z H$aZm hmoVm h¡, O¡go-
Amn {H$g àH$ma Ho$ Cnݶmg n‹T>Zm ngÝX H$aVo h¢? Omgygr ¶m
gm‘m{OH$&
loUr ‘mn{Z¶m| Ûmam ì¶p³VËd Ho$ AZoH$ bjUm|; O¡go- ~w{Õ‘Vm,
{dZ‘«Vm, B©‘mZXmar, erbVm, AZwemgZ{à¶Vm, gmh{gH$Vm, H$‘©R>Vm,
H$Îm©ì¶{ZîR>Vm Ed§ {MÝVZerbVm Am{X H$m ‘mnZ {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡, naÝVw
V^r O~ à¶moÁ¶ Ed§ {ZYm©aH$ ghr T>§J go loUr {ZYm©aU H$a|&
ì¶p³VËd ‘mnZ ‘| Bg {d{Y H$m à¶moJ ~hþVm¶V go {H$¶m OmVm h¡,
naÝVw XoIm ¶h J¶m h¡ {H$ Z Vmo A{YH$Va à¶moÁ¶ AnZo ì¶p³VËd bjUm| Ho$
{df¶ ‘| ghr gyMZm XoVo h¢ Am¡a Z {ZYm©aH$ ghr T>§J go H«$‘ {ZYm©aU H$aVo h¢&
3. emar[aH$ narjU {d[Y¶m±
‘Zwî¶ H$s ‘mZ{gH$ Ed§ emar[aH$ {H«$¶mAm| ‘| ~‹S>m {ZH$Q> gå~ÝY hmoVm h¡, ¶o
EH$-Xÿgao H$mo à^m{dV H$aVr h¢& V~ ‘Zwî¶ H$s emar[aH$ {H«$¶mAm| Ho$ Ûmam
CgH$s ‘mZ{gH$ {H«$¶mAm| H$m Aܶ¶Z {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡& Bg ~rM d¡km{ZH$m|
Zo ‘Zwî¶ Ho$ eara ‘| hmoZo dmbo n[adV©Zm| H$mo ‘mnZo Ho$ AZoH$ ¶ÝÌm| H$m {Z‘m©U
{H$¶m h¡; O¡go- Zm‹S>r H$s J{V ZmnZo Ho$ {bE ñ’$mB©J‘moJ«m’$, a³VMmn ZmnZo
Ho$ {bE ßb¡Z{Wg‘moJ«m’$, öX¶ H$s J{V ZmnZo Ho$ {bE Bb¡³Q´>mo H$m{S>©¶moJ«m’$,
ídmg J{V ZmnZo Ho$ {bE {’$¶w‘moJ«m’$, ËdMm ‘| hmoZo dmbo amgm¶{ZH$ n[adV©Zm|
H$mo ‘mnZo Ho$ {bE gmBH$mo J¡bdZmo‘rQ>a Am¡a ‘pñVîH$ H$s {H«$¶mAm| H$mo ‘mnZo
Ho$ {bE Bb¡³Q´>mo EZ{g’$mobmoJ«m‘& dV©‘mZ ‘| BZ ¶ÝÌm| H$s ghm¶Vm go ì¶p³V
{deof Ho$ n[apñW{V {deof ‘| hmoZo dmbo emar[aH$ n[adV©Zm| H$mo ‘mn H$a CgH$s
‘mZ{gH$Vm H$m Aܶ¶Z {H$¶m OmVm h¡, CgH$s AÝV…{H«$¶mAm| H$m Aܶ¶Z
{H$¶m OmVm h¡ Am¡a Bg àH$ma CgHo$ ì¶p³VËd Ho$ AZoH$ {N>no hþE V϶m| Ho$
{df¶ ‘| OmZH$mar àmá H$s OmVr h¡&
Bg {d{Y ‘| ^r H$B© H${‘¶m± h¡& Bggo ì¶p³V H$s Ho$db g§doJmË‘H$
pñW{V H$m hr nVm bJm¶m Om gH$Vm h¡& BZ ¶ÝÌm| H$m à¶moJ {deof à{ejU
àmá ì¶p³V hr H$a gH$Vo h¢&
4. n[apñW{V narjU
Bg {d{Y ‘| à¶moÁ¶m| Ho$ g‘j CZHo$ OrdZ H$s H$moB© dmñV{dH$ n[apñW{V
¶m dmñV{dH$ n[apñW{V O¡gr H¥${Ì‘ n[apñW{V aIr OmVr h¡& à¶moÁ¶ BZ
n[apñW{V¶m| ‘| à{V{H«$¶mE± H$aVo h¢& ‘mnZH$Vm© à¶moÁ¶m| Ho$ ‘w»¶V… Xmo ê$n
h¢- g‘mO{‘{V Am¡a ‘ZmoZmQ>H$
1. g‘mO{‘{V {d{Y- Bg {d{Y H$m à{VnmXZ Oo. Eb. ‘moaoZmo Zo
1934 ‘| {H$¶m Wm& Bg {d{Y ‘| {H$gr g‘yh {deof Ho$ ì¶p³V¶m|
go Cg g‘yh ‘| ì¶p³V {deofm| H$mo CZHo$ JwUm| Ho$ AmYma na, M¶Z
H$aZo AWdm N>mo‹S> XoZo Ho$ {bE H$hm OmVm h¡, O¡go- {H$gr g‘yh ‘|
gdm©{YH$ bmoH${චì¶p³V H$m nVm bJmZo Ho$ {bE g‘yh Ho$ gXñ¶m|
go {ZåZ{b{IV H$m¶© H$am¶m Om gH$Vm h¡-
CZ VrZ ì¶p³V¶m| Ho$ Zm‘ H«$‘mZwgma {b{IE, {OÝh| Amn AnZo g‘yh H$m
ZoVm ~ZmZm MmhVo h¢&
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
n¥îR> 170 ì¶p³VËd
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
Bgr àH$ma Cno{jV ì¶p³V H$m nVm bJmZo Ho$ {bE {ZåZ{b{IV
AmXoe {X¶m Om gH$Vm h¡-
CZ VrZ ì¶p³V¶m| Ho$ Zm‘ H«$‘mZwgma {b{IE {OÝh| Amn ngÝX Zht
H$aVo&
Bg {d{Y Ûmam n[adma, {dÚmb¶, H$jm Ed§ H$m¶m©b¶ Am{X ‘|
gdm©{YH$ bmoH${චEd§ amÁ¶ ì¶p³V¶m| H$m nVm bJm¶m Om gH$Vm
h¡& Bggo g‘yh Ho$ ì¶p³V¶m| ‘o§ ì¶p³VËd Ho$ {d{^ÝZ bjUm| H$s
gmno{jH$ pñW{V H$m ^r nVm bJm¶m Om gH$Vm h¡ Am¡a CZHo$
ì¶p³VËd gå~ÝYr {H$gr JwU H$s VwbZm H$s Om gH$Vr h¡&
Bg {d{Y ‘| Hw$N> H${‘¶m± ^r h¢& {H$gr ^r g‘yh ‘| H$moB© ^r ì¶p³V
Bg àH$ma Ho$ {ZU©¶ dñVw{ZîR> T>§J go Zht boVm& n[aUm‘ñdê$n Bg
{d{Y H$mo {dídgZr¶ Zht H$hm Om gH$Vm&
2. ‘ZmoZmQ>H$- Bg {d{Y go Hw$N> {deof n[apñW{V¶m| na AmYm[aV
ZmQ>H$m| H$m Am¶moOZ {H$¶m OmVm h¡& VËníMmV² {Og ì¶p³V Ho$
ì¶p³VËd H$s {deofVmAm| H$mo kmV H$aZm hmoVm h¡, CgHo$ OrdZ H$s
n[apñW{V¶m| go ¶w³V n[apñW{V¶m| Ho$ {H$gr ZmQ>H$ H$m M¶Z {H$¶m
OmVm h¡ Am¡a Cg ZmQ>H$ ‘| Bg ì¶p³V H$mo EH$ {deof nmÌ Ho$ ê$n
‘| A{^Z¶ H$aZo H$mo H$hm OmVm h¡& Bg ZmQ>H$ ‘| H$B© nmÌ hmoVo h¢&
‘mnZH$Vm© Bg ì¶p³V Ho$ H$m¶©H$bmnm| na {deof ܶmZ XoVm h¡ Am¡a
CgHo$ hmd-^md Ho$ AmYma na CgH$s ‘ZmoXem H$m nVm bJmVm h¡&
‘ZmoZmQ>H$ g‘m¶moOZ n[apñW{V¶m| go gå~pÝYV hmoVo h¢, Bg{bE
BZHo$ Ûmam ì¶p³V H$s g‘m¶moOZ go gå~pÝYV g‘ñ¶mAm| H$m nVm
bJm¶m OmVm h¡& Bg {d{Y H$m à¶moJ ‘Zmo{M{H$Ëgm ‘| {deof ê$n go
{H$¶m OmVm h¡&
Bg {d{Y ‘| ^r Hw$N> H${‘¶m± h¢& A{^Z¶ Ho$ Xm¡amZ ì¶p³V {deof
Ûmam H$s OmZo dmbr {H«$¶mAm| Ed§ hmd-^md H$m {díbofU H$a ì¶p³V
H$s ì¶p³VËd gå~ÝYr {deofVmAm| H$m nVm bJmZm EH$ O{Q>b H$m¶©
h¡, Bgo {deof ê$n go à{e{jV ‘mnZH$Vm© hr H$a gH$Vo h¢&
10.10.3 ì¶p³VËd narjU H$s àjonr {d{Y¶m±
àjonU go VmËn¶© ì¶p³V H$s ~mø dñVwAm| Ho$ à{V AnZo AÝV‘©Z H$s à{V{H«$¶m
go hmoVm h¡& Bg eãX H$m gd©àW‘ à¶moJ ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ ’«$m¶S> Zo {H$¶m Wm&
’«$m¶S> Ho$ AZwgma ì¶p³V H$m ì¶dhma CgHo$ MoVZ ‘Z H$s Anojm CgHo$
AMoVZ ‘Z go A{YH$ à^m{dV hmoVm h¡& CgZo ì¶p³V Ho$ ì¶p³VËd H$m ‘mnZ
H$aZo Ho$ {bE ‘Z Ho$ gmW-gmW AMoVZ ‘Z go hmoZo hmoZo dmbo ì¶dhmam| H$m
^r Aܶ¶Z H$aZo na ~b {X¶m& n[aUm‘ñdê$n Hw$N> Eogr {d{Y¶m| H$m {dH$mg
{H$¶m J¶m, {OZHo$ Ûmam ì¶p³V Ho$ AMoVZ ‘Z ‘| {N>nr X{‘V BÀN>mAm| Am¡a
CZHo$ Ûmam CgHo$ ì¶dhma na n‹S>Zo dmbo à^md H$m Aܶ¶Z H$aZm gå^d
hþAm& BZ {d{Y¶m| H$mo hr ì¶p³VËd ‘mnZ H$s àojnr {d{Y¶m± H$hm OmVm h¡&
dmaoZ Ho$ eãXm| ‘|-
àjonr {d{Y ‘Zwî¶ H$s X{‘V BÀN>mAm| H$mo ~mø OJV na Amamo{nV H$aZo H$s {d{Y
h¡&
Bg àH$ma H$s Hw$N> ‘w»¶ {d{Y¶m± {ZåZ{b{IV h¡-
àJʶ
1. gmhM¶© à{d{Y
2. aMZm à{d{Y
3. ny{V© à{d{Y
4. H«$‘ ¶m M¶Z à{d{Y
5. A{^ì¶p³V narjU
1. gmhM¶© à{d{Y
Bg {d{Y ‘o§ à¶moÁ¶ Ho$ gå‘wI Hw$N> CÔrnH$ àñVwV {H$E OmVo h¢ Am¡a Cggo
CZgo gå~pÝYV à{V{H«$¶m H$aZo H$mo H$hm OmVm h¡& ¶o CÔrnH$ eãX, dm³¶
AWdm {MÌ Ho$ ê$n ‘| àñVwV {H$E OmVo h¢& BZ‘| gdm©{YH$ à¶moJ ‘| AmZo dmbr
{d{Y eãX gmhM¶© {d{Y h¡& Bg {d{Y ‘| à¶moÁ¶ Ho$ gå‘wI Hw$N> MwZo hþE eãX
CÔrnH$ Ho$ ê$n ‘| àñVwV {H$E OmVo h¢ Am¡a à¶moÁ¶ H$mo BZ eãXm| go gå~pÝYV
CgHo$ ‘Z ‘| AmZo dmbo eãXm| H$mo 춳V H$aZo Ho$ {bE ào[aV {H$¶m OmVm h¡&
‘mnZH$Vm© ¶o eãX EH$-EH$ H$aHo$ ~mobVm h¡, à˶oH$ eãX H$s à{V{H«$¶m ñdê$n
~mobo JE eãXm| H$mo ZmoQ> H$aVm h¡ Am¡a gmW hr Bg à{V{H«$¶m ‘| {bE JE g‘¶
H$mo ZmoQ> H$aVm h¡ Am¡a AÝV ‘| à{V{H«$¶m ñdê$n ~mobo JE BZ eãXm| Ho$ AmYma
na CgHo$ ì¶p³VËd H$m AmH$bZ H$aVm h¡& ¶h {d{Y {deof ê$n go ‘mZ{gH$
J«{ÝW¶m|, ‘ZmoamoJm| Am¡a AnamYm| H$m nVm bJmZo Ho$ {bE Cn¶moJ H$s OmVr h¡,
naÝVw BgH$m ghr à¶moJ Bg {d{Y ‘| à{e{jV ì¶p³V hr H$a gH$Vo h¢&
2. aMZm à{d{Y
Bg {d{Y ‘| à¶moÁ¶ Ho$ gå‘wI Hw$N> CÔrnH$ àñVwV {H$E OmVo h¢ Am¡a Cggo
CZHo$ AmYma na aMZm H$aZo Ho$ {bE H$hm OmVm h¡& ¶h aMZm CÔrnH$ H$s
àH¥${V Ho$ AZwgma dm³¶, H${dVm, H$hmZr AWdm {MÌ, {H$gr ^r ê$n ‘| H$amB©
Om gH$Vr h¡& d¡go gm‘mݶV… dm³¶ aMZm Am¡a H$hmZr aMZm hr H$amB©© OmVr
h¡& Bg‘| à¶moÁ¶ H$s aMZm H$m {díbofU H$aHo$ CgHo$ ì¶p³VËd H$m ‘yë¶m§H$Z
{H$¶m OmVm h¡&
Bg {d{Y ‘| à¶moÁ¶ Ho$ gå‘wI Omo CÔrnH$ àñVwV {H$E OmVo h¢, do
AñnîQ> Ed§ AZoH$mWu hmoVo h¢, Bg{bE à˶oH$ ì¶p³V AnZo {dMmam| Ho$ AmYma
na aMZm H$aVm h¡ Am¡a Bg aMZm ‘| CgHo$ AÝV‘©Z H$s A{^ì¶p³V hmoVr h¡&
Bggo CgHo$ ì¶p³VËd gå~ÝYr ghr V϶m| H$r OmZH$mar H$s Om gH$Vr h¡,
naÝVw ¶h H$m¶© {OVZm H$hZo ‘| gab h¡ CVZm hr H$aZo ‘| H${R>Z h¡& Bg {d{Y
H$m à¶moJ ^r à{e{jV ì¶p³V hr H$a gH$Vo h¢
3. ny{V© à{d{Y
Bg {d{Y ‘| à¶moÁ¶ Ho$ gå‘wI H$moB© AYyar aMZm CÔrnH$ Ho$ ê$n ‘| àñVwV H$s
OmVr h¡ Am¡a Cgo Cgo nyam H$aZo Ho$ {bE H$hm OmVm h¡& ¶o AYyar aMZmE± AYyao
dm³¶, AYyar H${dVm AWdm AYyar H$hmZr Ho$ ê$n ‘| àñVwV H$s Om gH$Vr h¡,
naÝVw gm‘mݶV… AYyao dm³¶ Am¡a AYyar H$hm{Z¶m± hr àñVwV H$s OmVr h¢ Am¡a
dm³¶ ny{V© Am¡a H$hmZr ny{V© hr H$amB© OmVr h¡& AÝV ‘| à¶moÁ¶ H$s Bg aMZm
Ho$ AmYma na CgHo$ ì¶p³VËd H$m ‘yë¶m§H$Z {H$¶m OmVm h¡&
Bg {d{Y ‘| Eogr AYyar aMZmE± àñVwV H$s OmVr h¢, {OZH$mo nyam H$aZo
‘| ì¶p³V H$s ì¶p³VJV {deofVmE± àH$Q> hmoVr h¢ Bg{bE BgHo$ Ûmam ì¶p³VËd
H$s {deofVmAm| H$m nVm bJm¶m Om gH$Vm h¡&
Bg {d{Y ‘| ^r Hw$N> H${‘¶m± h¢& Bg {d{Y go {H$gr ì¶p³V H$s gr{‘V
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
àJʶ ì¶p³VËd n¥îR> 171

{deofVmAm| H$m hr nVm bJm¶m Om gH$Vm h¡& gmW hr ¶h H$m¶© {deof ê$n go
à{e{jV ì¶p³V hr H$a gH$Vo h¢&
Aä¶mgmW© àíZ
4. H«$‘ ¶m M¶Z à{d{Y
Bg {d{Y ‘| ‘mnZH$Vm© à¶moÁ¶ Ho$ gå‘wI Hw$N> dñVwAm|, {MÌm|, eãXm| H$WZm|,
‘yë¶m| Ed§ {gÕmÝVm| Am{X H$mo àñVwV H$aVm h¡ Am¡a Cggo BÝh| AnZo Ûmam 1. b¡{Q>Z ^mfm Ho$ eãX ngm}Zm H$m AW© h¡-
(1) ì¶p³V (2) ì¶p³VJV
{XE JE ‘hÎd Ho$ AZwgma H«$‘~Õ H$aZo H$mo H$hVm h¡& à¶moÁ¶ gdm©{YH$
(3) ‘wIm¡Q>m (4) Anyd©
‘hÎd dmbo H$mo àW‘ ñWmZ na aIVo hþE Aݶ g^r H$m ñWmZ A§{H$V H$aVm
h¡& ‘mnZH$Vm© à¶moÁ¶ Ûmam {XE JE H«$‘ Ho$ AmYma na CgHo$ ì¶p³VËd H$m 2. ng©Zo{bQ>r eãX H$s ì¶wËn{Îm J«rH$ ^mfm Ho$ {H$g eãX go hþB© h¡?
‘yë¶m§H$Z H$aVm h¡& (1) ng©Zb (2) nagmBZ
Bg {d[Y H$s g~go ~‹S>r {deofVm ¶h h¡ {H$ BgHo$ Ûmam à¶moÁ¶ Ho$ (3) nagZ (4) nagmoZm
g§doJm|, ‘yë¶m| Ed§ {gÕmÝVm| H$m nVm AmgmZr go bJm¶m Om gH$Vm h¡&
3. à˶oH$ ì¶p³VËd à{V‘mZ hmoVm h¡-
Bg {d{Y ‘| Hw$N> H${‘¶m± ^r h¢& ¶{X à¶moÁ¶ AnZo Ûmam {XE JE ‘hÎd
(1) ~{h‘w©Ir (2) A^yVnyd©
Ho$ AmYma na H«$‘ Z XoH$a g‘mO Ûmam {XE JE ‘hÎd Ho$ AmYma na H«$‘ XoVm (3) AÝV‘w©Ir (4) n[adV©Zerb
h¡, Vmo gånyU© l‘ ì¶W© Mbm OmVm h¡&
5. A{^ì¶p³V narjU 4. Character & Personality Zm‘H$ nwñVH$ {H$gHo$ Ûmam {bIr
Bg àH$ma H$s {d{Y¶m| ‘o§ ì¶p³V Ho$ gå‘wI Omo CÔrnH$ àñVwV {H$E OmVo h¢, JB© h¡?
(1) JmS>©Za Ed§ ‘a’$s Ûmam (2) nmoboÝñH$s Ûmam
CZHo$ à{V dh AnZo {dMma 춳V H$aZo Ho$ {bE nyU© ñdVÝÌ hmoVm h¡& My±{H$
(3) dwS>dW© Ûmam (4) Wmon© Ed§ e‘ba Ûmam
¶o CÔrnH$ AñnîQ> Ed§ AZoH$mWu hmoVo h¢ Bg{bE {H$gr EH$ CÔrnH$ Ho$ {bE
{^ÝZ-{^ÝZ ì¶p³V¶m| H$s AZw{H«$¶m {^ÝZ-{^ÝZ hmoVr h¡& Bg {^ÝZ AZw{H«$¶m 5. ‘mZd ì¶p³VËd n[aUm‘ h¡-
Ho$ AmYma na à¶moÁ¶ Ho$ ì¶p³VËd H$m AmH$bZ {H$¶m OmVm h¡& A~ VH$ Bg (1) Ho$db dmVmdaU H$m
àH$ma H$s AZoH$ {d{Y¶m| H$m {dH$mg {H$¶m Om MwH$m h¡, naÝVw CZ‘| go Hw$N> (2) Ho$db AmZwd§{eH$Vm H$m
H$m à¶moJ {deof ê$n go {H$¶m OmVm h¡, Omo {ZåZ{b{IV h¢- (3) nmbZ-nmofU Am¡a {ejm H$m
1. amoem© ñ¶mhr Yã~m narjU (4) AmZwd§{eH$Vm Am¡a dmVmdaU H$s AÝV…{H«$¶m H$m
2. ‘ao àmg§{JH$ AÝV~m}Y narjU
6. ì¶p³VËd H$s {deofVmAm| ‘| go EH$ h¡-
3. ~¡bH$ ~mb AÝV~m}Y narjU
(1) ~w{Õ (2) {ejm
BZ narjUm| Ûmam ì¶p³V Ho$ ì¶p³VËd H$m ghr-ghr ‘mnZ H$aZo H$m (3) gm‘m{OH$ ñVa (4) g‘m¶moOZ
Xmdm {H$¶m OmVm h¡& amoem© ñ¶mhr Yã~m narjU H$s {dídgZr¶Vm .37 go .95
VH$ VWm d¡YVm .80 go .82 VH$ ~VmB© OmVr h¡, naÝVw BZ narjUm| H$m 7. dmVmdaU Ho$ gmW gm‘mݶ Ed§ ñWm¶r g‘m¶moOZ hr ì¶p³VËd h¡&
àemgZ Ed§ ’$bm§H$Z AnZo ‘| H${R>Z H$m¶© h¡& BZH$m àemgZ Ed§ ’$bm§H$Z ¶h n[a^mfm h¡-
{deofk hr H$a gH$Vo h¢& (1) Am°bnmoQ>© H$s (2) ~mo[a¨J H$s
(3) ‘Z H$s (4) e¡ëS>Z H$s
******* 8. H$m¡Zgm VÎd ì¶p³VËd H$s {deofVmAm| ‘| gpå‘{bV Zht h¡?
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 (1) ‘Zmoemar[aH$ VÝÌ
(2) J˶mË‘H$ g§JR>Z
{XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo (3) Ag§JVVm
gbmh Xr OmVr h¡ {H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s (4) dmVmdaU Ho$ gmW Anyd© g‘m¶moOZ
PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go 9. ì¶p³VËd ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$s gmYmaU {d{Y h¡-
hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|& (1) àíZmdbr (2) àjonUmË‘H$
(3) Ho$g Aܶ¶Z (4) BZ‘| go H$moB© Zht

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
(3) (4) (2) (2) (4) (1) (2) (3) (1)
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&

n¥îR> 172 ì¶p³VËd àJʶ

¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
10. ì¶p³VËd ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$s gd©loîR> {d{Y h¡- 20. ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| Zo ì¶p³VËd Ho$ {H$VZo nhby ‘mZo h¢?
(1) àíZmdbr (2) àjonUmË‘H$ (1) 2 (2) 4
(3) Ho$g Aܶ¶Z (4) BZ‘| go H$moB© Zht (3) 5 (4) 6

11. g‘pÝdV ì¶p³VËd ‘| nm¶m OmVm h¡- 21. JoñQ>mëQ> ÑpîQ>H$moU go ì¶p³VËd H$s ì¶m»¶m {H$gZo H$s h¡?
(1) gwÝXa {XIZo H$s BÀN>m (1) ‘wao Zo (2) S´>oda Zo
(2) AÀN>o dñÌ YmaU H$aZm (3) ñQ>¡JZa Zo (4) Am°bnmoQ>© Zo
(3) Ñ‹T> BÀN>mep³V
(4) BZ‘| go H$moB© Zht 22. ì¶p³VËd H$m gdm©{YH$ ‘mݶ dJuH$aU {H$¶m h¡-
(1) Ow§J Zo (2) ho‘oZ Zo
12. ì¶p³VËd Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘| g‘mOempñ̶m| H$m ‘V ³¶m h¡? (3) Am°bnmoQ>© Zo (4) S´>oda Zo
(1) ì¶p³VËd dh h¡, Omo n¡V¥H$ {damgV go ‘w³V ahVm h¡&
(2) ì¶p³VËd dh h¡, Omo OÝ‘ go {dÚ‘mZ ahVm h¡& 23. H¡$Q>b Ho$ AZwgma ì¶p³VËd Ho$ bjUm| H$s Hw$b g§»¶m h¡-
(3) g§ñH¥${V- ì¶p³VËd H$mo n[a‘m{O©V H$aVr h¡& (1) 159 (2) 150
(4) ì¶p³VËd g‘yh g§ñH¥${V go à^m{dV Ed§ n[ad{V©V hmoVm h¡& (3) 171 (4) 200

13. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘o§ go ì¶p³VËd Ho$ à‘wI Aܶ¶Z joÌ ³¶m h¢? 24. T.A.T. narjU {H$gH$m ‘mnZ H$aVm h¡?
(1) ì¶p³VJV Ed§ g‘mO ‘Zmo{dkmZ (1) ~w{Õ H$m (2) CnbpãY H$m
(2) ì¶p³VËd Ed§ gm§ñH¥${VH$ ‘Zmo{dkmZ (3) ì¶p³VËd H$m (4) ê${M H$m
(3) ì¶p³VËd Ed§ ‘Zmo{dkmZ
25. ‘yë¶m| Ho$ AmYma na ì¶p³VËd H$m dJuH$aU {H$gZo {H$¶m?
(4) Cn¶w©³V g^r
(1) Wm°Z©S>mBH$ Zo (2) ñQ>oJZa Zo
14. ì¶p³VËd Ed§ ~w{Õ ‘| d§emZwH«$‘ H$s- (3) ‘wao Zo (4) amoem© Zo
(1) Zm‘‘mÌ H$s ^y{‘H$m h¡& (2) ‘hÎdnyU© ^y{‘H$m h¡&
26. AÝV‘w©Ir VWm ~{h‘w©Ir ì¶p³VËd Ho$ gåà˶¶ àñVwV {H$¶o J¶o Wo-
(3) Anydm©Zw‘o¶ ^y{‘H$m h¡& (4) AmH$f©H$ ^y{‘H$m h¡&
(1) ES>ba Ûmam (2) hm°Zu Ûmam
15. ì¶p³VËd H$mo à^m{dV H$aZo dmbm VÎd h¡- (3) ’«$mo‘ Ûmam (4) Ow§J Ûmam
(1) d§emZwH«$‘ (2) dmVmdaU
27. {ZåZ ‘| go ì¶p³VËd H$m ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ àH$ma h¡-
(3) Cn¶w©³V XmoZm| (4) XmoZm| ‘| go H$moB© Zht
(1) AÝV‘w©Ir
16. dm§{N>V ì¶p³VËd hmoVm h¡- (2) g¡ÕmpÝVH$
(1) AÝV‘w©Ir (2) g§doJr¶ pñWa (3) ep³VhrZ
(3) ~{h‘w©Ir (4) EWbo{Q>H$ (4) gm‘m{OH$

17. dV©‘mZ ‘| ì¶p³VËd Ho$ àH$mam| H$m gdm}Îm‘ dJuH$aU {H$gH$m ‘mZm 28. AÝV‘w©Ir ñd^md dmbo ì¶p³V àm¶…-
OmVm h¡- (1) H$‘ ~mobVo h¢&
(1) Am°bnmoQ>© H$m (2) Ow§J H$m (2) ~hþV ~mobVo h¢&
(3) ‘wao H$m (4) e¡ëS>Z H$m (3) emÝV ~Zo ahVo h¢&
(4) ~mobVo h¢, Vmo ~mobVo hr ahVo h¢&
18. eara aMZm {gÕmÝV Ho$ à{VnmXH$ Wo-
(1) e¡ëS>Z (2) H«o$í‘a 29. ~{h‘w©Ir ì¶p³V hmoVm h¡-
(3) Am°bnmoQ>© (4) Ow§J (1) AmË‘ Ho$pÝÐV
(2) H$‘ ~mobZo dmbm
19. ì¶p³VËd Aܶ¶Z H$s {df¶JV {d{Y h¡- (3) AmXe©dmXr
(1) hñVaoIm Aܶ¶Z (2) g‘mO{‘{V (4) gm‘m[OH$ H$m¶m] ‘| é{M boZo dmbm
(3) amoem© narjU (4) {ZYm©aU‘mZ

10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29.
(3) (3) (4) (4) (1) (3) (2) (2) (1) (1) (2) (4) (1) (3) (3) (2) (4) (1) (1) (4)
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
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àJʶ ì¶p³VËd n¥îR> 173

30. ~{h‘©wIr ì¶p³V H$s {deofVm h¡- 39. {H$gr ~ÀMo H$m ì¶p³VËd, d§emZwH«$‘ Am¡a dmVmdaU H$m ³¶m hmoVm h¡?
(1) AmemdmXr hmoVm h¡& (1) ¶moJmË‘H$ à{Vê$n
(2) {MÝVm‘w³V hmoVm h¡& (2) JwUmË‘H$ à{Vê$n
(3) A{YH$ gm‘m{OH$ hmoVm h¡& (3) G$UmË‘H$ à{Vê$n
(4) Cn¶w©³V g^r JwUm| go gånÝZ hmoVm h¡& (4) YZmË‘H$ à{Vê$n

31. {ZåZ {d‘mAm| ‘| go {H$g na dh ì¶p³V CÀM àmám§H$ àmá H$aoJm, Omo 40. {H$gHo$ AZwgma, AmO h‘mam ¶h {dMma h¡ {H$ ì¶p³VJV {d{^ÝZVmAm|
~hþV h±g‘wI hmo VWm gm‘m{OH$ hmo? ‘| gånyU© ì¶p³VËd H$m H$moB© ^r Eogm nhby gpå‘{bV hmo gH$Vm h¡,
(1) AmH«$m‘H$Vm (2) ~w{Õ [OgH$s ‘mn H$s Om gH$Vr h¡?
(3) AÝV‘w©IVm (4) ~{h‘w©IVm (1) {n¶mOo Ho$ (2) JmëQ>Z Ho$
(3) pñH$Za Ho$ (4) nmdbm°~ Ho$
32. ~më¶mdñWm ‘| ~mbH$ Ho$ ì¶p³VËd H$s à‘wI {deofVm ³¶m hmoVr h¡?
(1) AÝV‘w©Ir ì¶p³VËd 41. {H$gZo ‘mZd àH¥${V Ho$ AmYma na ì¶p³VËd Ho$ Xmo à‘wI àH$ma
(2) ì¶p³VËd H$s AZwnpñW{V (AÝV‘w©Ir Am¡a ~{h‘©wIr) ~VmE h¢-
(3) C^¶njr¶ ì¶p³VËd (1) Ow§J Zo (2) {n¶mOo Zo
(4) ~{h‘w©Ir ì¶p³VËd (3) ~y«Za Zo (4) ‘mñbmo Zo

33. A˶{YH$ dmMmb, àgÝZ{MÎm H$aZo dmbo VWm gm‘m{OH$ àd¥{Îm Ho$ 42. ’«$m¶S>> H$s ì¶p³VËd Aܶ¶Z {d{Y H$hbmVr h¡-
YZr ì¶p³V H$m ì¶p³VËd hmoVm h¡- (1) dñVw{ZîR> {d{Y (2) g‘mO{‘{V {d{Y
(1) AÝV‘w©Ir (2) ~{h‘w©Ir (3) ‘Zmo{díbofU {d{Y (4) AmË‘{ZîR> {d{Y
(3) gÝVw{bV (4) BZ‘| go g^r
43. àjonU {d{Y¶m| ‘o§ ñ¶mhr Yã~m narjU H$m {Z‘m©U {H$gZo {H$¶m-
34. AmܶmpË‘H$ àd¥{Îm Ed§ gm{hp˶H$ é{M dmbm ì¶p³VËd hmoVm h¡- (1) {b¶monmëS> ãboH$ Zo
(1) ‘ogmo‘m°{’©$H$ (2) AÝV‘w©Ir (2) ha‘Z amoem© Zo
(3) ~{h‘w©Ir (4) C^¶‘wIr (3) ‘m°J©Z d ‘wao Zo
(4) {~Zo d gmB‘Z Zo
35. AÝV‘w©Ir ì¶p³VËd dmbo ì¶p³V é{M aIVo h¢-
(1) ñd¶§ ‘| (2) AnZo n[adma Ed§ {‘Ìm| ‘| 44. ì¶p³VËd Ho$ àmg§{JH$ ~moY narjU ‘| Hw$b 30 H$mS>© hmoVo h¢, {OZ‘|-
(3) Aݶ g^r ‘| (4) gm‘m{OH$ H$m¶m] ‘| (1) 10 ‘{hbmAm|, 10 nwéfm| Ed§ 10 XmoZm| Ho$ {bE h¢&
(2) 15 ‘{hbmAm| Ho$ {bE d 15 nwéfm| Ho$ {bE h¢&
36. ~{h‘w©Ir {dÚmWu AÝV‘w©Ir {dÚmWu go {H$g {deofVm Ho$ AmYma na (3) g^r 30 ‘{hbmAm| Ed§ nwéfm| XmoZm| Ho$ {bE h¢&
{^ÝZ hmoVm h¡? (4) 20 ~‹S>m| Ho$ {bE d 10 ~ÀMm| Ho$ {bE h¢&
(1) ‘O~yV ^mdZmE±, ngÝXJr Ed§ ZmngÝXJr
(2) ‘Z hr ‘Z naoemZ hmoZo H$s Anojm AnZr ^mdZmAm| H$mo A{^춳V 45. ì¶p³VËd ‘mnZ H$s {H$g {d{Y ‘| {H$gr g‘yh Ho$ ì¶p³V¶m| ‘§o go nhbr
H$aVm h¡& ngÝX H$m ì¶p³V MwZZo Ho$ {bE H$hm OmVm h¡?
(3) AnZo ~m¡{ÕH$ H$m¶m] ‘| Sy>~m ahVm h¡& (1) aoqQ>J ñHo$b (2) àíZmdbr
(4) ~mobZo H$s Anojm {bIZo ‘| ~ohVa (3) {ZarjU {d{Y (4) g‘mO{‘{V

37. H$m¡Zgr ì¶p³VËd Aܶ¶Z H$s àjonU {d{Y Zht h¡? 46. amoem© ñ¶mhr Yã~m narjU ‘| {H$VZo H$mS²>©g hmoVo h¢?
(1) amoem©Q>oñQ> (2) Q>r. E. Q>r. (1) 5 (2) 20
(3) ‘Zmo{^Z¶ (4) g‘mO{‘{V (3) 30 (4) 10

38. ì¶p³VËd H$m ‘Zmo{díbofUdmXr {dMma {X¶m h¡- 47. àmg§{JH$ AÝV~m}Y narjU H$m {Z‘m©U {H$gZo {H$¶m?
(1) ’«$m¶S>> Zo (2) JoñQ>mëQ>dm{X¶m| Zo (1) ‘m°J©Z d ‘wao Zo (2) amoem© Zo
(3) H¡$Q>b Zo (4) dwS>dW© Zo (3) {~Zo gmB‘Z Zo (4) BZ‘| go H$moB© Zht

30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47.
(4) (4) (4) (2) (2) (1) (1) (4) (1) (2) (3) (1) (3) (2) (1) (4) (4) (1)
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&

n¥îR> 174 ì¶p³VËd àJʶ

¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
48. {ZåZ{b[IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgr ~mb {dH$mg H$s AdñWm à{VÛÝÛmË‘H$ 58. amoem© ñ¶mhr Yã~m narjU H$m {Z‘m©U ha‘Z amoem© Zo H$~ {H$¶m?
g‘mOrH$aU H$m H$mb ‘mZm OmVm h¡? (1) 1915 (2) 1921
(1) ~më¶mdñWm (2) e¡edmdñWm (3) 1925 (4) 1948
(3) àm¡‹T>mdñWm (4) {H$emoamdñWm
59. gdm©{YH$ à¶moJ {H$¶m OmZo dmbm ì¶p³VËd narjU H$m¡Zgm h¡?
49. ì¶p³VËd Ho$ {H$g nhby H$m gå~ÝY ‘mZd H$s {H«$¶mAm| go h¡? (1) amoem© narjU (2) àg§JmË‘H$ ~moY
(1) gm‘m{OH$ nhby (2) H$maU gå~ÝYr nhby (3) ~mb àg§JmË‘H$ ~moY (4) g‘mO{‘{V
(3) {H«$¶mË‘H$ nhby (4) BZ‘| go H$moB© Zht
60. H«o$í‘a Zo ì¶p³VËd H$m H$m¡Zgm àH$ma Zht ~Vm¶m Wm?
50. {H$g ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ Zo ì¶p³VËd H$mo ì¶p³V Ho$ g§J{R>V ì¶dhma H$m (1) EñWo{ZH$ (2) EWbo{Q>H$
gånyU© {MÌ ‘mZm h¡? (3) ñW§{VH$ (4) {nH${ZH$
(1) S>oerb Zo (2) JwS> Zo
61. {H$g {d{Y ‘| ì¶p³V Ho$ {H$gr {deof JwU H$m ‘yë¶m§H$Z CgHo$ gm{W¶m|
(3) {Jb’$moS>© Zo (4) S´>oda Zo
go H$adm¶m OmVm h¡?
51. ì¶p³VËd ì¶p³V ‘| {Z{hV ‘Zmo-emar[aH$ àUm{b¶m| H$m J{Verb (1) {ZYm©aU ‘mnZr ‘| (2) g‘mO{‘{V ‘|
g§JR>Z h¡, Omo CgHo$ dmVmdaU Ho$ gmW A{ÛVr¶ g‘m¶moOZ H$mo (3) {ZînmXZ narjU ‘|o (4) g‘mO narjU ‘|
{ZYm©[aV H$aVm h¡& ¶h n[a^mfm {H$g ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ Zo Xr h¡? 62. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go àíZmdbr {d{Y H$m àH$ma Zht h¡-
(1) Am°bnmoQ>© Zo (2) pñH$Za Zo (1) Iwbr àíZmdbr (2) ~ÝX àíZmdbr
(3) S´>oda Zo (4) ‘Z Zo (3) Am{lV àíZmdbr (4) {‘{lV àíZmdbr
52. ì¶p³VËd ‘mnZ Ho$ {bE ì¶p³V H$s gånyU© gyMZmE± àmá H$aZo H$s 63. dm³¶ ¶m H$hmZr ny{V© narjU Ho$ {Z‘m©UH$Vm© Wo-
{d{Y h¡- (1) ‘m°J©Z d ‘wao (2) nmBZo d Q>oÊQ>ba
(1) gmjmËH$ma {d{Y (2) ì¶p³V B{Vhmg {d{Y (3) {~J d hÊQ> (4) ãboH$
(3) {ZarjU {d{Y (4) {ZYm©aU {d{Y
64. ~mb AÝV~m}Y narjU H$m {Z‘m©U {H$gZo {H$¶m?
53. Xme©{ZH$ Am¡a {dMmaH$ ì¶p³V¶m| H$m ì¶p³VËd hmoVm h¡- (1) ‘m°J©Z d ‘wao Zo (2) ObmoQ>m Zo
(1) AÝV‘w©Ir (2) ~{h‘w©Ir (3) {b¶monmëS> ãboH$ Zo (4) ‘moaoZmo Zo
(3) C^¶‘wIr (4) BZ‘| go H$moB© Zht
65. Wm°Z©S>mBH$ Ho$ ì¶p³VËd Ho$ dJuH$aU H$m AmYma h¡-
54. ~mb AÝV~m}Y narjU H$mo g§emo{YV H$aHo$ ^maVr¶ n[apñW{V¶m| Ho$ (1) emar[aH$ JR>Z Am¡a e³bgyaV
AZwHy$b {H$gZo ~Zm¶m? (2) aMZmË‘H$Vm Am¡a ‘m¡{bH$Vm
(1) àmo. e§H$a Zo (2) C‘m Mm¡Yar Zo (3) g‘m¶moOZ Am¡a ~w{Õ
(3) S>m°. Amerdm©X‘ Zo (4) S>m°. ObmoQ>m Zo (4) {MÝVZ Am¡a H$ënZm
55. ~mb AÝV~m}Y narjU {H$g Am¶w dJ© Ho$ {bE {deof Cn¶moJr h¡? 66. EH$ gÝVw{bV ì¶p³VËd dh h¡, {Og‘|-
(1) 1 go 10 df© (2) 3 go 11 df© (1) BX‘² Ed§ na‘ Ah‘² Ho$ ~rM gÝVwbZ ñWm{nV {H$¶m OmVm h¡&
(3) 2 go 14 df© (4) 6 go 14 df© (2) BX‘² Ed§ Ah‘² Ho$ ~rM gÝVwbZ ñWm{nV {H$¶m OmVm h¡&
(3) Ah‘² Ed§ na‘² Ho$ ~rM gÝVwbZ ñWm{nV {H$¶m OmVm h¡&
56. e¡ëS>Z Zo ì¶p³VËd H$m H$m¡Zgm àH$ma Zht ~Vm¶m? (4) ‘O~yV Ah‘² H$mo ~Zm¶m OmVm h¡&
(1) JmobmH¥${V (2) d¥ÎmmH¥${V
(3) Am¶VmH¥${V (4) bå~mH¥${V 67. {Jb’$moS>© Ho$ AZwgma ì¶p³VËd H$mo à^m{dV H$aZo dmbo à{VH$maH$ ‘|
em{‘b Zht h¡-
57. H$m¡Zgm narjU Ho$db {e{jV bmoJm§o Ho$ {bE Cn¶moJr h¡?
(1) gm‘m{OH$ AZw{H«$¶m (2) g§JR>Z na ~b
(1) Iob d ZmQ>H$ (2) ~mb AÝV~m}Y
(3) gd©ì¶mnr VÎd (4) Am¶ H$m òmoV
(3) amoem© ñ¶mhr Yã~m (4) dm³¶ ¶m H$hmZr ny{V©

48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59. 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 67.
(1) (3) (1) (1) (2) (1) (2) (2) (2) (4) (3) (1) (3) (1) (3) (2) (3) (4) (4) (4)
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
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àJʶ ì¶p³VËd n¥îR> 175

68. ì¶p³VËd Ho$ à{VH$maH$ {gÕmÝV Ho$ à{VnmXH$ h¢- 78. EH$mÝV{à¶, g§H$moMr, AmXe©dmXr VWm AmË‘JV ÑpîQ>H$moU dmbo ì¶p³V
(1) ‘Z (2) JwS> Ow§J Ho$ ì¶p³VËd dJuH$aU Ho$ {H$g dJ© ‘| AmVo h¢?
(3) {H$bn¡{Q´>H$ (4) Ama. ~r. H¡$Q>b (1) AÝV‘w©Ir (2) ~{h‘w©Ir
(3) C^¶‘wIr (4) Cn¶w©³V g^r
69. {ZåZ ‘| go ì¶p³VËd ‘mnZ H$s àjonr ¶wp³V Zht h¡-
(1) ~mb A{^~moYZ narjU (2) eãX gmhM¶© narjU 79. EH$ {dÚmWu ì¶dhma Hw$eb, g§H$moMa{hV, ¶WmW©dmXr VWm gm‘m{OH$
(3) H$hmZr ny{V© narjU (4) g§{MV A{^boI narjU {H«$¶mH$bmnm| ‘| n¶m©á ^mJ boVm h¡, Cgo Ow§J Ho$ {H$g ì¶p³VËd dJ© ‘|
aIm Om gH$Vm h¡?
70. AÝV‘w©Ir ì¶p³VËd dmbo ì¶p³V é{M aIVo h¢-
(1) C^¶‘wIr (2) ~{h‘w©Ir
(1) Aݶ ì¶p³V¶m| ‘| (2) ñd¶§ AnZo ‘|
(3) AÝV‘w©Ir (4) Cn¶w©³V ‘| g^r
(3) ^m¡{VH$ H$m¶m] ‘| (4) gm‘m{OH$ H$m¶m] ‘|
80. H«o$í‘a Zo emar[aH$ aMZm Ho$ AmYma na ì¶p³VËd H$mo EñWo{Z³g,
71. ì¶p³VËd Ho$ ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$s {ZåZ ‘| H$m¡Zgr {d{Y Zht h¡?
(1) àíZmdbr narjU (2) S´>m-E-‘¡Z EWobo{Q>³g, {S>gßbmpñQ>H$ VWm ........... ê$n ‘| ~m±Q>m h¡&
(3) gd} narjU (4) àjonU narjU (1) ßbmpñQ>H$ (2) {nH${ZH$
(3) à’w$ëb (4) ‘ogmo‘m°{’©$H$
72. dh {d{Y, Omo ì¶p³VËd Ho$ JwUm| H$m AZw‘mZ bJmZo Ho$ {b¶o à¶w³V
81. ñn«¢Ja Zo {H$g AmYma na ì¶p³VËd H$m dJuH$aU àñVwV {H$¶m h¡?
hmoVr h¡, H$hbmVr h¡-
(1) emar[aH$ aMZm
(1) ‘mnZ aoIm {d{Y
(2) ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ JwU
(2) ì¶p³VJV {ZXmZ {d{Y
(3) ‘yë¶
(3) ‘ZmoZrV {d{Y
(4) ñd^md
(4) àjonU {d{Y
82. ¶{X H$moB© ì¶p³V à˶oH$ (A{YH$m§eV…) n[apñW{V ‘| g§doJmË‘H$
73. ñà¢Ja Zo ì¶p³VËd H$mo {H$VZo dJm] ‘§o ~m±Q>m h¡?
(1) 4 (2) 8 ApñWaVm àX[e©V H$aVm h¡, Vmo ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ ê$n ‘| H$hm Om gH$Vm
(3) 6 (4) 3 h¡ {H$ Cg‘| g§doJmË‘H$ ApñWaVm H$m ........... h¡&
(1) JwU (2) erbJwU
74. ì¶p³VËd H$m ~{h‘w©Ir-AÝV‘w©Ir dJuH$aU gd©àW‘ {H$gHo$ Ûmam (3) ‘mZXÊS> (4) ‘ybàd¥{Îm
àñVwV {H$¶m J¶m?
(1) Am°bnmoQ>© Ûmam (2) ñà¢Ja Ûmam 83. Eogo ì¶p³V, {OZ‘| AÝV‘w©Ir Ed§ ~{h‘w©Ir XmoZm| dJm] H$s {deofVmE±
(3) ’«$m¶S>> Ûmam (4) Ow§J Ûmam nm¶r OmVr h¢, CÝh| ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ Zo H$hm h¡-
(1) AYmo‘wIr (2) gd©‘wIr
75. H«o$í‘a Zo ì¶p³VËd H$mo {H$VZo dJm] ‘| ~m±Q>m h¡? (3) C^¶‘wIr (4) Cn¶w©³V ‘| go H$moB© Zht
(1) 5 (2) 4
(3) 2 (4) 6 84. ‘O~yV ‘m±gno{e¶m| Ed§ h[ȶm| dmbo, g{H«$¶, n[al‘r VWm gmhgr
ì¶p³V e¡ëS>>Z Ho$ {H$g dJ© ‘| gpå‘{bV h¡?
76. e¡ëS>Z Ho$ EÊS>mo‘m{’©$H$ dJuH$aU ‘| H¡$go ì¶p³V gpå‘{bV h¢? (1) EÊS>mo‘m°{’©$H$
(1) ep³VhrZ, Xþ~bo-nVbo, g§H$moMr VWm AÝV‘w©Ir (2) ‘ogmo‘m°{’©$H$
(2) ‘O~yV, g{H«$¶, n[al‘r VWm ’w$Vubo (3) E³Q>mo‘m°{’©$H$
(3) ‘moQ>o, H$mo‘b VWm Jmob eara dmbo Amam‘ ngÝX (4) Cn¶w©³V ‘| go H$moB© Zht
(4) Cn¶w©³V g^r
85. H«o$í‘a Ho$ EñWo{Z³g dJ© ‘| H¡$go ì¶p³V gpå‘{bV h¢?
77. Ah§ep³V, gm‘m{OH$Vm, hR>dm{XVm B˶m{X ³¶m h¡? (1) ‘O~yV emar[aH$ JR>Z dmbo
(1) g§doJ (2) àoaUm (2) emar[aH$ ê$n go H$‘Omoa, bå~o VWm nVbo
(3) erbJwU (4) ‘ybàd¥{Îm (3) ‘moQ>o VWm N>moQ>o
(4) Cn¶w©³V ‘| go H$moB© Zht

68. 69. 70. 71. 72. 73. 74. 75. 76. 77. 78. 79. 80. 81. 82. 83. 84. 85.
(4) (4) (2) (3) (1) (1) (4) (2) (3) (3) (1) (2) (2) (3) (2) (3) (3) (2)
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&

n¥îR> 176 ì¶p³VËd àJʶ

¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
86. N>moQ>o, ‘moQ>o, Mm¡‹S>o VWm Jmob ì¶p³V Ho«o$í‘a Ûmam {H$¶o J¶o ì¶p³VËd 94. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgr ì¶p³VËd ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$s EH$ {d{Y Zht h¡?
dJuH$aU H$s {H$g loUr ‘| AmVo h¢? (1) OZ{ZH$ {d{Y (2) ‘Z…PÝPmH$aU {d{Y
(1) EWobo{Q>³g (2) EñWo{Z³g (3) Ho$g Aܶ¶Z {d{Y (4) àjonU {d{Y
(3) {nH${Z³g (4) {S>ñßbmpñQ>³g
95. ì¶p³VËd H$s {deofVm {H$g ê$n ‘| ~Vm¶r Om gH$Vr h¡?
87. ‘O~yV, Mm¡‹S>o H$ÝYo Ed§ grZo VWm gÝVw{bV eara dmbo ì¶p³V H«o$í‘a (1) emar[aH$ {deofVmAm| Ho$ g‘wÀM¶
Ho$ {H$g dJ© ‘| AmVo h¢? (2) ‘Zmod¥{Îm¶m| Am¡a erbJwUm| H$m g‘wÀM¶
(1) EñWo{Z³g (2) {S>ñßbmpñQ>³g (3) n[apñW{V¶m| Ho$ à{V à{V{H«$¶m H$aZo H$s g‘wÀM¶ e¡br
(3) {nH${Z³g (4) EWobo{Q>³g (4) Cnamo³V g^r

88. ì¶p³VËd ‘mnZ H$s àjonr ¶wp³V¶m| Ho$ AÝVJ©V Zht h¡- 96. namh‘² ì¶p³VËd Ho$ {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go {H$g EH$ nj H$m à{V{Z{YËd
(1) amoem© H$m ñ¶mhr Ho$ Yã~m| dmbm narjU H$aVm h¡?
(2) AÝVíMoVZm{^ ~moYZ narjU (1) Z¡{VH$ (2) Ym{‘©H$
(3) ~mb A{^~moYZ narjU (3) ‘ybàd¥Î¶mË‘H$ (4) AVm{H©$H$
(4) n[apñW{V narjU
97. ì¶p³VËd Aܶ¶Z Ho$ àmMrZV‘ CnmJ‘m| Zo ‘mZd ì¶dhma H$s ì¶m»¶m
89. H«o$í‘a Omo {H$ {dÛmZ h¢, CÝhm|Zo ì¶p³VËd Ho$ Mma àH$ma {H$g AmYma H$s h¡-
na ~VmE? (1) ‘yb àd¥{Îm Ho$ gÝX^© ‘|
(1) ‘mZ{gH$ ñdmñ϶ Ho$ AmYma na (2) n¶m©daUr¶ CÔrnH$m| Ho$ gÝX^© ‘|
(2) ‘mZ{gH$ ep³V¶m| Ho$ AmYma na (3) OZ{ZH$ H$maH$m| Ho$ gÝX^© ‘|
(3) emar[aH$ g§aMZm Ho$ AmYma na (4) OÝ‘OmV erbJwUm| Ho$ gÝX^© ‘|
(4) Cn¶w©³V g^r
98. Q>r.E.Q>r. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go {H$gH$m g‘wÀM¶ h¡?
90. {‘ZogmoQ>m ~hþnjr¶ ì¶p³VËd gyMr H$m {Z‘m©U gd©àW‘ {H$gZo {H$¶m? (1) 31 H$mbr d ídoV Vñdra| VWm EH$ [a³V H$mS>©
(1) nmoQ>©a Ed§ H¡$Q>b Zo (2) 30 H$mbr d ídoV Vñdra| d EH$ [a³V H$mS>©
(2) {Jb’$moS>© Ed§ {O‘a‘¡Z Zo (3) 32 H$mbr d ídoV Vñdra|
(3) hmWdo Ed§ ‘¡{H$Zbo Zo (4) 30 H$mbr d ídoV Vñdra|
(4) Cn¶w©³V ‘| go H$moB© Zht
99. ì¶p³VËd Ho$ àmê$n {gÕmÝVm| H$s g~go n¥W³H$mar {deofVm> ³¶m h¡?
91. N>mÌm| Ho$ ì¶p³VËd H$mo ‘mnZo Am¡a nam‘e© XoZo Ho$ {bE {Og nÕ{V H$m (1) eara {dݶmg VWm ñd^md ‘| gå~ÝY
à¶moJ {H$¶m OmVm h¡- (2) eara {dݶmgm| H$m dJuH$aU
(1) {ZarjUmË‘H$ nÕ{V (2) gmjmËH$ma {d{Y (3) àmê$nr A{^bjU
(3) à¶moJmË‘H$ nÕ{V (4) g¡ÕmpÝVH$ {d{Y (4) ‘Z…emar[aH$ CnmJ‘

92. Am°bnmoQ>© Ho$ ì¶p³VËd {gÕmÝV H$m CX²^d {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go {H$gHo$ 100. CnbpãY à{V‘mdbr H$m Aܶ¶Z {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go {H$g narjU
nyd©Jm‘r Ho$ ê$n ‘| hþAm? Ûmam {H$¶m OmVm h¡?
(1) ‘Zmo{díbofU (2) ì¶dhmadmX (1) amoem©$ narjU Ûmam
(3) ‘mZdVmdmXr ÑpîQ>H$moU (4) ApñVËddmX (2) Q>r.E.Q>r. Ûmam
(3) dm³¶ ny{V© narúmU Ûmam
93. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgm ì¶p³VËd H$m àjonr narjU Zht h¡? (4) S´>m E ‘¡Z Q>oñQ> Ûmam
(1) g¡H$ H$m dm³¶ ny{V© narjU
(2) eãX gmhM¶© narjU 101. {ZåZ{b{IV {H$g narjU ‘| gm‘m{OH$ ~w{Õ EH$ ì¶p³VËd Am¶m‘
(3) hmoëQ²>O‘¡Z ñ¶mhr Yã~m narjU h¡?
(4) Ebo³OoÊS>a nmg Ebm±J narjU (1) E‘.nr.AmB©. (2) gr.nr.AmB©.
(3) 16 nr.E’$. àíZmdbr (4) E‘.E‘.nr.AmB©

86. 87. 88. 89. 90. 91. 92. 93. 94. 95. 96. 97. 98. 99. 100. 101.
(3) (4) (4) (3) (3) (2) (3) (4) (2) (4) (1) (1) (2) (1) (2) (2)
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
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àJʶ ì¶p³VËd n¥îR> 177

102. ì¶p³VËd Aܶ¶Z Ho$ àmMrZV‘ CnmJ‘m| Zo ‘mZd ì¶dhma H$s ì¶m»¶m 111. AZw{H«$¶m e¡br Ho$ à^md H$mo {Z¶pÝÌV H$aZo hoVw ì¶p³VËd ‘mnZ ‘|
H$s h¡- {ZåZ{b{IV à{d{Y¶m| ‘| go {H$gH$m à¶moJ {H$¶m OmVm h¡?
(1) ‘ybàd¥{Îm go (2) n¶m©daUr¶ CÔrnH$m| go (1) ~hþ{dH$ën à{d{Y H$m (2) AZwH«${‘H$ dJ© à{d{Y H$m
(3) OZ{ZH$ H$maH$m| go (4) OÝ‘OmV erbJwUm| go (3) dbH¥$V AZw{H«$¶m à{d{Y H$m (4) ‘w³V AZw{H«$¶m à{d{Y H$m

103. àH¥${V Ho$ AmYma na ì¶p³VËd H$m {d^mOZ {H$gZo {H$¶m h¡? 112. ì¶p³VËd ‘mn{Z¶m| H$s d¡YVm ‘| à‘wI ~mYm h¡-
(1) ES>ba Zo (2) AmBÝOoH$ Zo (1) A{ZpíMV AZw{H«$¶m loUr (2) AZw{H«$¶m e¡{b¶m±
(3) {d{b¶‘ Ooåg Zo (4) H¡$Q>b Zo (3) narjU H$m ñnîQ> CÔoí¶ (4) ì¶p³V-pñW{V AÝV{H«©$¶m

104. gmjmËH$ma, g§{já dmVm©bmn Ûmam ì¶p³V H$mo g‘PZo H$s {d{Y h¡& 113. {Og ì¶p³V H$m eara JR>Z aoIr¶ VWm ZwH$sbmnZ {bE hþE Am¡a CgHo$
ì¶p³VËd ‘mnZ H$s gmjmËH$ma {d{Y Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘| ¶h H$WZ {H$gH$m A{^bjH$ ì¶dhma ‘| EH$mÝV{à¶Vm, empÝV{à¶Vm VWm EH$mH$snZ
h¡? H$m Am^mg {‘bo CgH$m ñd^md e¡ëS>Z Ho$ AZwgma {H$g àH$ma H$m
(1) J¡aoQ> H$m (2) dwS>dW© H$m hmoJm?
(3) hmQ>©emZ© H$m (4) nmoboÝñH$s H$m (1) H$m¶©àYmZ (2) à‘pñVîH$ àYmZ
(3) AÝVam§JàYmZ (4) Hw$J{R>V
105. ì¶p³VËd ‘mnZ H$s àíZmdbr {d{Y ‘| O~ àíZm| Ho$ CÎma hm± ¶m Zht
‘| XoZo hmoVo h¢, Vmo ¶h H$hbmVr h¢- 114. AnZo ì¶p³VËd {gÕmÝV ‘| Ow§J Zo {H$g gåà˶¶ H$m Cn¶moJ {H$¶m
(1) ~ÝX àíZmdbr (2) Iwbr àíZmdbr Wm?
(3) g{MÌ àíZmdbr (4) {‘{lV àíZmdbr (1) AMoVZ (2) gm‘y{hH$ AMoVZ
(3) AÕ©MoVZ (4) loîR>Vm Ho$ {bE ào[aV H$aZm
106. {H$gHo$ AZwgma ì¶p³VËd ì¶p³V Ho$ g§J{R>V ì¶dhma H$m gånyU© {MÌ
hmoVm h¡? 115. ì¶p³VËd H$s AÝV‘w©Ir-~{h‘w©Ir {d‘mE± {deof ê$n go gå~pÝYV h¢-
(1) S>oerb (2) ‘Z (1) e¡ëS>Z go (2) AmBOoÝH$ go
(3) Am°bnmoQ>© (4) S´>oda (3) H¡$Q>b go (4) {d{b¶‘ Ooåg go

107. ì¶p³VËd Ho$ {H$g nhby H$m gå~ÝY ‘mZd H$s {H«$¶mAm| go h¡- 116. {ZåZm§{H$V ‘| go ì¶p³VËd ‘mnZ Ho$ {bE H$m¡Zgm àjonr¶ narjU Zht h¡?
(1) gm‘m{OH$ nhby (2) H$maU gå~ÝYr nhby (1) eo³g dm³¶ ny{V© narjU
(3) {H«$¶mË‘H$ nhby (4) Bg‘| go H$moB© Zht (2) eãX gmhM¶© narjU
(3) hmoëQ²>O‘¡Z ñ¶mhr Yã~m narjU
108. ì¶p³VËd ‘mnZ H$s H$m¡Zgr {d{Y ‘| ì¶p³V H$m ‘yë¶m§H$Z CgHo$ (4) Ebo³OoÊS>a nmg-Ebm±J narjU
gånH©$ ‘| ahZo dmbo bmoJm| go H$adm¶m OmVm h¡?
(1) n[apñW{V narjU {d{Y (2) ì¶dhma narjU {d{Y 117. ì¶p³VËd ‘mnZr H$s {Og {d{Y ‘| ì¶p³V Ho$ gm‘Zo Hw$N> AñnîQ> Ed§
(3) OrdZ B{Vhmg {d{Y (4) ‘mZXÊS>-‘yë¶m§H$Z {d{Y Ag§a{MV CÔrnH$ {XE OmVo h¢ Am¡a CZHo$ n«{V H$s JB© AZw{H«$¶mAm| Ho$
AmYma na ì¶p³VËd H$m ‘mnZ hmoVm h¡, Cgo H$hm OmVm h¡-
109. ì¶p³VËd ‘mnZ H$s {H$g {d{Y ‘| ì¶p³V H$mo {MÌ {XImH$a CgHo$ (1) àjonr¶ {d{Y (2) àojU {d{Y
AmYma na {bIr JB© H$hmZr Ho$ {díbofU Ûmam ì¶p³VËd H$m ‘yë¶m§H$Z (3) ì¶p³VËd Am{dîH$m[aH$m (4) gmjmËH$ma {d{Y
{H$¶m OmVm h¡?
(1) ì¶p³V n[agyMr (2) àjonU {d{Y 118. ’«$m¶S>> Ho$ AZwgma OÝ‘ Ho$ g‘¶ CnpñWV ì¶p³VËd VÎd H$mo H$hm
(3) ‘mZXÊS> ‘yë¶m§H$Z {d{Y (4) OrdZ B{Vhmg {d{Y OmVm h¡-
(1) Ah‘² (2) ajm àH«$‘
110. ì¶p³VËd ‘mnZ H$s {H$g {d{Y ‘| {H$gr g‘yh Ho$ ì¶p³V¶m| ‘| go nhbr (3) namh‘² (4) Cnmh‘²
ngÝX H$m ì¶p³V MwZZo Ho$ {bE H$hm OmVm h¡?
(1) aoqQ>J ñHo$b (2) àíZmdbr 119. Cnmh‘² Ed§ namh‘² XmoZm| hr h¡-
(3) {ZarjU {d{Y (4) g‘mO{‘{V (1) AmZÝX MmhZo dmbo (2) AmdoJerbVm
(3) AVm{H©$H$ (4) Vm{H©$H$

102. 103. 104. 105. 106. 107. 108. 109. 110. 111. 112. 113. 114. 115. 116. 117. 118. 119.
(3) (3) (2) (1) (1) (3) (4) (2) (4) (4) (1) (2) (2) (2) (4) (1) (2) (3)
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&

n¥îR> 178 ì¶p³VËd àJʶ

¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
120. ’«$m¶S>> Ho$ AZwgma {ZåZm§{H$V ‘| H$m¡Z ì¶p³VËd H$m dh ^mJ h¡, Omo 128. Omo bmoJ gm‘m{OH$ H$m¶m] ‘| hmW ~±Q>mZo dmbo hmoVo h¢, hmñ¶{චVWm
‘moQ>o Vm¡a na {ddoH$ go {‘bVm-OwbVm h¡? hm{OaOdm~ hmoVo h¢, CÝh| Ow§J Ho$ AZwgma {H$g loUr ‘| aIm OmEJm?
(1) Cnmh‘² (2) Ah‘² (1) AÝV‘w©Ir (2) ~{h‘w©Ir
(3) namh‘² (4) {b{dS>m| (3) C^¶‘wIr (4) Cn¶w©³V ‘| go H$moB© Zht

121. H$mb© amoOg© Ho$ AZwgma Hw$g‘m¶moOZ H$m AmYma d¡få¶ h¡- 129. {ZåZm§{H$V ‘| go {H$go Amn ì¶p³VËd Ho$ O¡{dH$ {ZYm©aH$m| H$s gyMr
(1) BX‘² VWm namh‘² Ho$ ‘ܶ ‘| Zht aI|Jo?
(2) dmñV{dH$ ñd VWm AmXe© ñd Ho$ ‘ܶ (1) V{ÝÌH$m VÝÌ (2) emar[aH$ JR>Z
(3) ñd VWm dmVmdaU Ho$ ‘ܶ (3) nr¶yf J«pÝW (4) ñHy$b
(4) AMoVZ VWm MoVZ Ho$ ‘ܶ
130. à{V~b go ì¶p³V X¡{ZH$ OrdZ ‘| {H$g àH$ma go ~Mmd H$aVm h¡?
122. Ah‘² H$m àYmZ H$m¶© {ZåZm§{H$V ‘| go ³¶m h¡? (1) ‘ZmoaMZmAm| Ûmam
(1) gm‘m{OH$ ê$n go àñVm{dV VarH$m| go Cnmh‘² H$s BÀN>mAm| H$s VwpîQ> (2) Jhar Zr§X boH$a
H$aZm (3) g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ Ûmam
(2) Cnmh‘² H$s BÀN>mAm| H$mo {Z¶pÝÌV H$aZm (4) ‘Zmo{M{H$ËgH$ H$s gbmh boH$a
(3) Cnmh‘² go namh‘² VH$ D$Om©Am| H$m ñWmZmÝVaU H$aZm
(4) d¡go ì¶dhma H$mo CÝZV ~ZmZm, Omo ñdmW©hrZ Ed§ Z¡{VH$ h¡& 131. H¡$Q>b Ûmam {H$VZo ‘yb erbJwUm| H$mo ì¶p³VËd Ho$ {bE ‘hÎdnyU© ‘mZm
J¶m h¡?
123. ’«$m¶S>> Ho$ AZwgma ì¶p³VËd {dH$mg H$s g~go ‘hÎdnyU© Ad{Y h¡- (1) 22 (2) 23
(1) OÝ‘ go 5 ¶m 6 gmb VH$ (3) 35 (4) 16
(2) 5 ¶m 6 gmb go VéUmdñWm VH$
(3) {H$emoamdñWm 132. dwS>dW© Zo ì¶p³VËd Ho$ erbJwUm| H$s g§»¶m {H$VZr ~VmB© h¡?
(4) d¶ñH$mdñWm (1) 10 (2) 11
(3) 12 (4) 15
124. bå~o VWm Xþ~bo-nVbo H$X Ho$ ì¶p³V H$mo Ho«$í‘a Ho$ AZwgma {H$g
loUr ‘| aIm OmVm h¡? 133. àjonU {d{Y¶m| ‘| amoem© ñ¶mhr Yã~m narjU H$m {Z‘m©U {H$¶m-
(1) EñWo{ZH$ (2) EWobo{Q>H$ (1) WñQ>©Z amoem© Zo
(3) {S>ñßbmpñQ>H$ (4) {nH${ZH$ (2) ha‘Z amoem© Zo
(3) {~Zo amoem© Zo
125. Omo ì¶p³V g§doXZerb, bOmbw Ed§ e§H$mbw àd¥{Îm Ho$ hmoVo h¢, CZH$s (4) gmB‘Z amoem© Zo
{MÎmàH¥${V H$mo Amn {H$g loUr ‘| aI|Jo?
(1) {dgamoQ>mo{Z¶m (2) gmo‘¡Q>moQ>mo{Z¶m 134. {hßnmoH«o$Q²>g Zo ì¶p³VËd H$m dJuH$aU {H$g AmYma na {H$¶m h¡?
(3) goar~«moQ>mo{Z¶m (4) pñH$Omo’«o${Z¶m (1) gm‘m{OH$Vm Ho$ AmYma na
(2) emar[aH$ ~ZmdQ> Ho$ AmYma na
126. {Og ì¶p³V H$m emar[aH$ H$X gwS>m¡b Ed§ ‘m±gno{e¶m± ‘O~yV hmoVr h¢, (3) g§doJ (ñd^md) Ho$ AmYma na
Cgo {ZåZm§{H$V ‘| go {H$g loUr ‘| aIm OmVm h¡? (4) qMVZ Ed§ H$ënZmep³V Ho$ AmYma na
(1) EÊS>mo‘m°’$s©
(2) ‘ogmo‘m°’$s© 135. emar[aH$ ~ZmdQ> Ho$ AmYma na ì¶p³VËd H$m dJuH$aU H$aZo dmbo
(3) E³Q>mo‘m°’$s© ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ h¢-
(4) Cn¶w©³V ‘| go H$moB© Zht (1) H«o$í‘a Ed§ e¡ëS>Z (2) Ow§J
(3) ’«$m¶S>> (4) ES>ba
127. Omo bmoJ Amam‘ ngÝX, ^moOZ {චVWm Xÿgam| H$m ñZoh Ed§ ߶ma nmZo
H$mo BÀNw>H$ hmoVo h¢, CÝh| {ZåZm§{H$V ‘| go {H$g loUr ‘| aIm OmEJm? 136. Q>‘©Z Zo {H$g AmYma na ì¶p³VËd H$m dJuH$aU {H$¶m h¡?
(1) EÊS>mo‘m°’$s© (2) ‘ogmo‘m°’$s© (1) gm‘m{OH$Vm (2) ~w{Õ bpãY
(3) E³Q>mo‘m°’$s© (4) AÝV‘w©Ir (3) emar[aH$ ~ZmdQ> (4) {dMmaerbVm

120. 121. 122. 123. 124. 125. 126. 127. 128. 129. 130. 131. 132. 133. 134. 135. 136.
(3) (2) (1) (1) (1) (3) (2) (1) (2) (4) (1) (4) (3) (2) (3) (1) (2)
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
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àJʶ ì¶p³VËd n¥îR> 179

137. ì¶p³VËd H$mo CgH$s gm‘m{OH$Vm Ho$ AmYma na AÝV‘w©Ir, ~{h‘w©Ir (2) ì¶p³VËd JwUm| H$m EH$ J˶mË‘H$ g§JR>Z h¡&
Ed§ C^¶‘wIr dJm] ‘| {d^m{OV H$aZo dmbo ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ h¢- (3) ì¶p³VËd ì¶p³V H$mo Anyd© g‘m¶moOZ H$aZo ‘| ‘XX H$aVm h¡&
(1) ’«$m¶S>> (2) Ow§J (4) ì¶p³VËd EH$ ‘Zmoemar[aH$ VÝÌ h¡&
(3) ES>ba (4) Am°bnmoQ>©
143. gyMr-I Ho$ nXm| H$mo gyMr-II Ho$ nXm| go gw‘o{bV H$s{OE Am¡a ZrMo {XE
138. Wm°Z©S>mBH$ Zo ì¶p³VËd H$m dJuH$aU {H$g AmYma na {H$¶m h¡? JE Hy$Q> ‘| go ghr CÎma Mw{ZE-
(1) erb JwU gyMr-I gyMr-II
(2) emar[aH$ ~ZmdQ> (i) Q>r.E.Q>r 1. ES>dS>©
(3) OrdZ bú¶ Ed§ CZH$s ny{V© hoVw à¶ËZ (ii) 16 nr.E’$. 2. AmBOoÝH$
(4) H$ënZm Ed§ {dMma ep³V (iii) B©.nr. ³¶y. 3. ‘wao
(iv) B©.nr.nr.Eg. 4. H¡$Q>b
139. N>mÌm| Ho$ gånyU© ì¶p³VËd H$mo g‘PZo Ho$ {bE AܶmnH$ H$mo-
(1) ~mb ‘Zmo{dkmZ H$m kmZ hmoZm Oê$ar h¡& Hy$Q> (i) (ii) (iii) (iv)
(2) CZHo$ gmW ‘¡Ìr gå~ÝY aIZm Amdí¶H$ h¡&
(3) AnZr {dÛVm H$m à¶moJ H$aZm hmoVm h¡& (1) 1 2 3 4
(4) g‘¶-g‘¶ na CZHo$ A{^^mdH$m| go {‘bVoo ahZm Mm{hE& (2) 2 3 4 1
(3) 3 4 2 1
140. {ZåZm§{H$V ‘| go H$m¡Z ì¶p³VËd Ho$ ‘mnZ Ho$ {bE gmjmËH$ma H$m (4) 1 4 3 2
Cn¶moJ H$aVo h¢?
(1) EH$ Z¡Xm{ZH$ ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ 144. amoem© narjU Ho$ ~mao ‘| {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgm H$WZ g˶ Zht h¡?
(2) H$ånZr H$m EH$ H$m{‘©H$ nXm{YH$mar (1) amoem© narjU EH$ A{^H¥$˶mË‘H$ àH$ma H$m àjonr narjU h¡&
(3) EH$ gm‘m{OH$ H$m¶©H$Vm© (2) amoem© narjU ì¶p³VËd H$s gånyU© ê$n go Z¡Xm{ZH$ Om±M H$aVm h¡&
(4) Cn¶w©³V g^r (3) ¶h ì¶p³VËd Ho$ ~m¡{ÕH$ VWm A~m¡{ÕH$ XmoZm| hr àH$ma Ho$ erbJwUm| H$m
‘mnZ h¡&
141. {ZåZ H$mo gw‘o{bV H$s{OE- (4) BgH$m ‘yb^yV à¶moOZ ì¶p³VËd H$s AÝVd©ñVw O¡go àUmoXZ,
{deofVm- Amdí¶H$Vm, ñd¡aH$ënZm, Hw$ÊR>mAm| B˶m{X H$mo COmJa H$aZm h¡&
(A) ZoV¥Ëd, amOZr{VH$ Ed§ gm‘m{OH$ àd¥{Îm dmbm
(B) {M{ÝVV ñd^md dmbm 145. ì¶p³VËd Ho$ g‘pîQ>‘ybH$ CnmJ‘ Ho$ ~mao ‘| {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgm
(C) {Og ì¶p³V Ho$ JwU Z Vmo A{YH$ Vrd« hmo Am¡a Z EH$m§Jr H$WZ g˶ Zht h¡?
(D) Amdí¶H$VmZwgma AnZo {dMmam| ‘| n[adV©Z H$a boZo dmbm (1) ¶h d¥hV² g§»¶m ‘| à¶moÁ¶m| H$m Aܶ¶Z H$aVm h¡&
ì¶p³VËd- (2) ¶h Am¡gVm| Ho$ AmYma na bmoJm| H$m dU©Z H$aVm h¡&
(i) ~{h‘w©Ir (3) ¶h {Z¶‘ àñVwV H$aVm h¡, Omo g^r bmoJm| Ho$ ì¶dhma H$s ì¶m»¶m H$aVo
(ii) AÝV‘w©Ir h¢&
(iii) C^¶‘wIr (4) ¶h bmoJm| ‘| VwbZm H$aVm h¡&
(iv) ~{h‘w©Ir
146. ‘Zmo{díbofUdmXr {gÕmÝV Ho$ AZwgma ì¶p³VËd Ho$ AmYma^yV ñVå^
A B C D h¢- Cnmh‘², Ah‘² VWm namh‘²& BZ VrZm| H$m H«$‘e… à{V{Z{YËd
(1) i iii iv ii {H$¶m OmVm h¡-
(1) O¡{dH$, ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ VWm gm‘m{OH$ Am¶m‘m| ‘|
(2) ii i iii iv
(2) AMoVZ, MoVZ Ed§ AmË‘-VmXmËå¶ Am¶m‘m| ‘|
(3) i ii iii iv (3) ‘wImdñWm, A춳VmdñWm VWm OZopÝж AdñWm
(4) ii iii iv i (4) àmH²$ MoVZ, AdMoVZ VWm AMoVZ

142. {ZåZm§{H$V ‘| go Ag˶ H$WZ h¡-

(1) ì¶p³VËd Ho$db emar[aH$ JwUm| H$m g§JR>Z hmoVm h¡& *******

137. 138. 139. 140. 141. 142. 143. 144. 145. 146.
(2) (4) (1) (1) (3) (1) (3) (2) (3) (2)
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
n¥îR> 180
Aܶm¶ 11
~w{Õ
1.1 àñVmdZm
~w{Õ, eãX ‘Zmo{dkmZ H$s hr Zht, g^r gm‘m{OH$ VWm àmH¥${VH$ {dkmZm| H$s
Xþ{Z¶m ‘| ‘hÎdnyU© h¡& ì¶[³V H$s H$m¶© H$aZo H$s Hw$ebVm, ì¶dhma g‘m¶moOZ,
g‘ñ¶m-g‘mYmZ Am{X AZoH$ Eogo nj h¢, Ohm± ì¶[³V AnZo {ddoH$ go H$m¶©
H$aVm h¡ VWm g’$bVm àmá H$aVm h¡& {ejm, Ohm± EH$ Amoa ì¶[³V H$m g‘J«
{dH$mg H$aVr h¡, dht Xÿgar Amoa dh Cgo à˶oH$ n[apñW{V ‘| H$m¶© H$aZo Ed§
g‘m¶moOZ H$aZo Ho$ ¶mo½¶ ^r ~ZmVr h¡& ~mbH$m| H$s j‘Vm H$m {dH$mg ~w{Õ
Ho$ Ûmam hmoVm h¡&
{ejm Ho$ hr Zht, gm‘m{OH$ VWm ^m¡{VH$ {dkmZm| Ho$ joÌ ‘| ~w{Õ VWm
CgH$s ‘mnZ-à{H«$¶m H$m A˶{YH$ ‘hÎd h¡& {H$gr H$m¶© H$mo {d{Ynyd©H$ {~Zm
{H$gr naoemZr Ho$ hb H$aZm ~w{Õ‘Îmm H$m àVrH$ g‘Pm OmVm h¡& {díd Ho$
‘hmZ² gm{h˶H$ma, d¡km{ZH$, ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ VWm ‘hmZ² amOZr{VH$ ~w{Õ Ho$
gÝX^© ‘| {deof ¶mo½¶Vm àmá H$a aho h¢&
1.2 ~w{Õ H$m AW©
~w{Õ EH$ Eogm gm‘mݶ eãX h¡, {OgH$m à¶moJ h‘ AnZo {XZ-à{V{XZ H$s
~mobMmb H$s ^mfm ‘| H$m’$s H$aVo h¢& ‘Zmo{dkmZ ‘| ~w{Õ eãX H$m à¶moJ
gm‘mݶ AW© go hQ>H$a {deof AW© ‘| hmoVm h¡& àmaå^ go hr ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| Zo
~w{Õ eãX H$mo n[a^m{fV H$aZo H$s H$mo{ee H$s h¡, naÝVw A^r VH$ ~w{Õ Ho$
gåà˶¶ H$mo gd©‘mݶ ê$n ‘| ñnîQ> Zht {H$¶m Om gH$m h¡&
~w{Õ A§J«oOr eãX Intelligence H$m {hÝXr ê$nmÝVa h¡& Intelligence
eãX H$s CËn[Îm b¡{Q>Z ^mfm Ho$ Xmo eãXm| Inter Ed§ Legere go {‘bH$a hþB©
h¡ {OZH$m H«$‘e… AW© h¡ ~hþV ‘| go Ed§ M¶Z H$aZm& AV… Intelligence H$m
empãXH$ AW© hmoVm h¡ AZwHy$bZerb {dH$ënm| H$s j‘Vm, naÝVw ~w{Õ Ho$ ~mao
‘| ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| H$s AnZr AbJ-AbJ YmaUmE± h¢&
1.3 ~w{Õ H$s n[a^mfmE±
AZoH$ ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| Zo ~w{Õ H$mo {^ÝZ-{^ÝZ ‹T>§J go n[a^m{fV H$aZo H$m à¶ËZ
{H$¶m h¡& BZ g^r n[a^mfmAm| H$mo ‘ybV… VrZ ^mJm| ‘o§ ~m±Q>m Om gH$Vm h¡-
1. nhbr loUr ‘| CZ n[a^mfmAm| H$mo aIm Om gH$Vm h¡, {OZ‘| ~w{Õ H$mo
dmVmdaU Ho$ gmW g‘m¶moOZ H$aZo H$s j‘Vm Ho$ AmYma na n[a^m{fV
{H$¶m J¶m h¡, Omo ì¶[³V {OVZr OëXr dmVmdaU Ho$ gmW g‘m¶moOZ
ñWm{nV H$a boVm h¡, Cgo CVZr hr Vrd« ~w{Õ H$m g‘Pm OmVm h¡&
2. Xÿgar loUr ‘| CZ n[a^mfmAm| H$mo aIm J¶m h¡, {OZ‘| ~w{Õ H$mo
grIZo H$s j‘Vm Ho$ ê$n ‘| n[a^m{fV {H$¶m J¶m h¡&
~w{Õ àJʶ
3. Vrgar loUr ‘| CZ n[a^mfmAm| H$mo aIm J¶m h¡, {OZ‘| ~w{Õ H$mo
A‘yV© {MÝVZ H$aZo H$s j‘Vm Ho$ ê$n ‘| n[a^m{fV {H$¶m J¶m h¡&
A{YH$Va ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| Ûmam ¶h AZw^d {H$¶m J¶m {H$ BZ VrZm|
lo{U¶m| H$s n[a^mfmAm| ‘| ~w{Õ Ho$ ‘mÌ EH$ nhby ¶m nj H$mo AmYma ‘mZH$a
~w{Õ H$mo n[a^m{fV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& dmñVd ‘| ~w{Õ ‘| {g’©$ EH$ hr Vah H$s
j‘Vm gpå‘{bV Zht hmoVr h¡ ~pëH$ AZoH$ Vah H$s j‘VmE±, {OÝh| gm‘mݶ
j‘Vm H$hm OmVm h¡, gpå‘{bV hmoVr h¢& Bg CÔoí¶ H$mo ܶmZ ‘| aIVo hþ¶o Hw$N>
‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| Zo ~w{Õ H$mo Xÿgao ‹T>§J go n[a^m{fV {H$¶m h¡& BZ n[a^mfmAm| ‘|
go {ZåZm§{H$V VrZ gd©loîR> n[a^mfmE± ZrM Xr Om ahr h¢-
1. doíba Ho$ AZwgma-
~w{Õ EH$ g‘wÀM¶ ¶m gmd©O{ZH$ j‘Vm h¡ {OgHo$ ghmao ì¶{³V CÔoí¶nyU© {H«$¶m
H$aVm h¡, {ddoH$erb {MÝVZ H$aVm h¡ VWm dmVmdaU Ho$ gmW à^mdH$mar ‹T>§J go
g‘m¶moOZ H$aVm h¡&
2. ñQ>moS>mS>© Ho$ AZwgma-
~w{Õ CZ {H«$¶mAm| H$mo g‘PZo H$s j‘Vm h¡, {OZH$s {deofVmE± (1) H${R>ZVm, (2)
O{Q>bVm, (3) A‘yV©Vm, (4) {‘Vì¶{¶Vm, (5) {H$gr bú¶ Ho$ à{V AZwHy$bZerbVm,
(6) gm‘m{OH$ ‘mZ VWm (7) ‘m¡{bH$Vm H$s CËn[Îm hmoVr h¡, Am¡a Hw$N> n[apñW{V
‘| Eogr {H«$¶mAm| H$mo, Omo e[³V H$s EH$mJ«Vm VWm gm§do{JH$ H$maH$m| Ho$ à{V à{VamoY
{XIbmVr h¢, H$aZo H$s àoaUm XoVr h¡&
3. am°{~ÝgZ VWm am°{~ÝgZ Ho$ AZwgma-
~w{Õ go VmËn¶© g§kmZmË‘H$ ì¶dhmam| Ho$ gånyU© dJ© go hmoVm h¡ Omo ì¶[³V ‘| gyP
Ûmam g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ H$aZo H$s j‘Vm, Z¶r n[apñW{V¶m| Ho$ gmW g‘m¶moOZ H$aZo
H$s j‘Vm, A‘yV© ê$n go gmoMZo H$s j‘Vm VWm AZw^dm| go bm^ CR>mZo H$s j‘Vm
H$mo {XIbmVm h¡&
Cn¶©w³V n[a^mfmAm| Ho$ {díbofU Ho$ AmYma na ~w{Õ H$o AW© H$mo g§jon
‘| Bg àH$ma 춳V {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡-
~w{Õ dh gm‘mݶ ¶mo½¶Vm VWm {d{^ÝZ ‘mZ{gH$ ¶mo½¶VmAm| H$m g‘Ýd¶ h¡, Omo
ì¶[³V Ho$ ì¶mdhm[aH$ OrdZ ‘| g’$b hmoZo ‘| ghm¶H$ {gÕ hmoVr h¡&
1.4 ~w{Õ H$s à‘wI {deofVmE± Ed§ V϶
Cn¶w©³V n[a^mfmAm| H$m EH$ gm‘mݶ {díbofU H$aZo na h‘ ~w{Õ go gå~{ÝYV
{deofVmAm| Ho$ gÝX^© ‘| {ZåZ{b{IV V϶m| na nhþ±MVo h¢-
1. ~w{Õ {d{^ÝZ j‘VmAm| H$m gånyU© ¶moJ hmoVm h¡ AWm©V² Bg‘| H$B©
àH$ma H$s j‘Vm¶| hmoVr h¢& BZ j‘VmAm| H$m nyU© ¶moJ hr ~w{Õ
H$hbmVm h¡&
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
àJʶ
2. ~w{Õ Ho$ ghmao ì¶[³V {H$gr g‘ñ¶m Ho$ g‘mYmZ ‘o§ gyP H$m ghmam
boVm h¡& BVZm hr Zht, {H$gr g‘ñ¶m Ho$ g‘mYmZ ‘| JV AZw^y{V¶m§o
H$m bm^ dh ~w{Õ Ho$ H$maU hr CR>m nmVm h¡¡&
3. ~w{Õ Ho$ ghmao ì¶[³V CÔoí¶nyU© {H«$¶m¶| H$aVm h¡&
4. ~w{Õ ì¶[³V H$mo dmVmdaU Ho$ gmW à^mdH$mar T>§J go g‘m¶moOZ ¶m
AZwHy$bZ H$aZo ‘| ‘XX H$aVr h¡&
5. ~w{Õ go ì¶[³V H$mo {ddoH$erb {MÝVZ VWm A‘y©V {MÝVZ H$aZo ‘|
^r ‘XX {‘bVr h¡&
6. ~w{Õ‘mZ ì¶[³V àm¶… H${R>Z Ed§ O{Q>b H$m¶© H$mo g‘PH$a H$aVo
h¢& BZHo$ H$m¶m] ‘| ‘m¡{bH$Vm A{YH$ hmoVr h¡&
7. ~w{Õ ì¶[³V H$mo {d{^ÝZ àH$ma H$s ~mVm| H$mo grIZo ‘| ghm¶Vm
àXmZ H$aVr h¡&
8. ~w{Õ na dmVmdaU H$m ^r à^md n‹S>Vm h¡& {d[^ÝZ emoYm| Ho$ {ZîH$fm]
go nVm MbVm h¡ {H$ AÀN>o dmVmdaU ‘| nmo{fV ~ÀMm| H$s ~w{Õ bpãY
A{YH$ hmoVr h¡&
1.5 ~w{Õ Ho$ àH$ma
¶Ú{n ¶h {ZpíMV H$a nmZm ~hþV H${R>Z h¡ {H$ ~w{Õ {H$VZo àH$ma H$s hmoVr
h¡, {H$ÝVw ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| Zo ~w{Õ Ho$ O{Q>b gåà˶¶ H$mo A{YH$ ñnîQ> H$aZo
Ho$ {bE ~m¡{ÕH$ ¶mo½¶Vm H$mo Hw$N> dJm] ‘| {d^m{OV H$aZo H$m à¶mg {H$¶m h¡&
Wm°Z©S>mBH$ Ed§ J¡aoQ> Zo ~m¡{ÕH$ ¶mo½¶VmAm| H$mo VrZ dJm] ‘| aIVo hþE
VrZ àH$ma H$s ~w{Õ H$m CëboI {H$¶m h¡, Omo {ZåZ{b{IV h¢-
1. A‘yV© ~w{Õ
A‘yV© ~w{Õ ì¶[³V H$s Eogr ~m¡{ÕH$ ¶mo½¶VmAm| H$m g‘pÝdV ê$n hmoVm h¡,
{OZH$s Amdí¶H$Vm J{UVr¶, empãXH$, àVrH$mË‘H$ ¶m gm§Ho${VH$ {df¶dñVwAm|
H$mo g‘PZo Ed§ VËgå~ÝYr g‘ñ¶mAm| Ho$ g‘mYmZ ‘| n‹S>Vr h¡& BgH$m gå~ÝY
n‹T>Zo, {bIZo Ed§ Vm{H©$H$ {MÝVZ go hmoVm h¡& eãXm|, g§Ho$Vm| Ed§ àVrH$m| Ho$
‘mܶ‘ go AnZo {dMmam| H$mo A{^춳V H$aZo ‘| A‘yV© ~w{Õ H$m hr ¶moJXmZ
hmoVm h¡& H${d, gm{h˶H$ma, {MÌH$ma Am{X AnZo ^mdm| H$mo Bgr ~w{Õ Ho$ ‘mܶ‘
go 춳V H$aVo h¢& Xme©{ZH$m|, {ejH$m|, A{Yd³VmAm|, {M{H$ËgH$m|, d¡km{ZH$m|
Am{X ‘| ^r A‘yV© ~w{Õ H$s A{YH$Vm hmoVr h¡&
2. ‘yV© ¶m ñWyb ~w{Õ
‘yV© ¶m ñWyb ~w{Õ CZ ~m¡{ÕH$ ¶mo½¶VmAm| H$m g§JR>Z hmoVr h¡, {OZHo$ Ûmam
ì¶[³V {d{^ÝZ àH$ma H$s dñVwAm| Ho$ ~mao ‘| OmZZo, g‘PZo VWm CZH$m
ì¶mdhm[aH$ à¶moJ H$a gH$Zo ‘§o gj‘ hmoVm h¡& Bgr{bE Bgo ì¶mdhm[aH$
¶m{ÝÌH$ ~w{Õ ^r H$hm OmVm h¡& X¡{ZH$ OrdZ ‘| {d{dY àH$ma Ho$ H$m¶m] H$mo
H$aZo ‘| ‘yV© ~w{Õ H$s hr Amdí¶H$Vm hmoVr h¡& Eogr ~w{Õ dmbo ì¶[³V AÀN>o
H$marJa, B§Or{Z¶a, Am¡Úmo{JH$ H$m¶©H$Îmm© Ed§ ì¶mnmar Am{X hmoVo h¢&
3. gm‘m{OH$ ~w{Õ
gm‘m{OH$ ~w{Õ CZ ~m¡{ÕH$ ¶mo½¶VmAm| H$m g§JR>Z h¡, Omo ì¶[³V H$mo CgHo$
gm‘m{OH$ n[adoe Ho$ gmW g‘m¶moOZ ñWm{nV H$aZo ‘| ghm¶H$ hmoVr h¡&
~w{Õ n¥îR> 181
Bgr{bE Bgo Xÿgao ì¶[³V¶m| H$mo g‘PZo Ed§ CZgo C{MV ì¶dhma H$aZo H$s
¶mo½¶Vm Ho$ ê$n ‘| OmZm OmVm h¡& gm‘m{OH$ ~w{Õ H$s à~bVm dmbm ì¶[³V
Xÿgao bmoJm| Ho$ gmW ghOVm Ed§ erK«Vm go g‘m¶moOZ ñWm{nV H$a boVm h¡&
Bg ~w{Õ go ¶w³V ì¶[³V C{MV-AZw{MV H$m ܶmZ aIVo hþ¶o Xÿgao bmoJm|
go ì¶dhma H$aVm h¡, {Oggo Cgo g‘mO ‘| gå‘mZ Ed§ à{VîR>m àmá hmoVr
h¡& gm‘m{OH$ ~w{Õ Ho$ H$maU hr ì¶[³V H$s g‘mO ‘| ê${M ~‹T>Vr h¡& Bg
àH$ma H$s ~w{Õ dmbo ì¶[³V {‘bZgma, gm‘m{OH$ H$m¶m] ‘| ê${M boZo dmbo
VWm ‘mZd gå~ÝYm| Ho kmZ go n[anyU© hmoVo h¢& AV… Eogr ~w{Õ Ho$ ì¶[³V
AÀN>o ì¶dgm¶r, gm‘m{OH$ H$m¶©H$Îmm©, g’$b ZoVm, amOZr{Vk, ì¶mdgm{¶H$
A{^H$Îmm© Am{X hmoVo h¢&
1.6 ~w{Õ H$m {dH$mg
~w{Õ EH$ OÝ‘OmV ¶mo½¶Vm ¶m Z¡g{J©H$ gånXm h¡& ì¶[³V H$s Aݶ emar[aH$
{deofVmAm| H$s Vah hr CgH$s ~m¡{ÕH$ j‘Vm H$m {ZYm©aU ^r J^m©YmZ Ho$
g‘¶ hr hmo OmVm h¡& ‘mZd Ho$ ‘pñVîH$s¶ {dH$mg na hr ~w{Õ H$m {dH$mg
Adbpå~V h¡& ‘mZd ‘pñVîH$ Ho$ AJ« ^mJ H$s D$nar gVh Ûmam ~m¡{ÕH$
{H«$¶mAm| H$m g§MmbZ hmoVm h¡& ¶h ‘pñVîH$s¶ j‘Vm ~rO ê$n ‘| AmZwd§{eH$
hmoVr h¡, {OgH$m {ZYm©aU J^m©YmZ H$s {H«$¶m Ho$ gmW hmo OmVm h¡& ¶Ú{n OÝ‘
Ho$ gmW hr ‘mZd ‘pñVîH$ ‘| ~w{Õ H$s gmar gå^mdZm¶| ~rO ê$n ‘| {dÚ‘mZ
ahVr h¢, naÝVw CZ‘| go bJ^J 50% j‘Vm hr {dH${gV hmoVr h¡& eof 50%
~m¡{ÕH$ j‘Vm H$m {dH$mg dmVmdaU Ho$ gånH©$ ‘| AmZo na hmoVm h¡, {OgHo$
{bE ñdÀN> dmVmdaU H$s Amdí¶H$Vm hmoVr h¡& C³V V϶m| H$mo ÑpîQ>JV aIVo
hwE ~w{Õ Ho$ {dH$mg Ho$ gÝX^© ‘| {ZåZ{b{IV ~mV| ‘hÎdnyU© h¢-
1. ~mbH$ H$m ‘pñVîH$ Omo CgH$s AmZwd§{eH$Vm Ho$ ’$bñdê$n àmá
hmoVm h¡, ‘| ~rO ê$n go ~w{Õ H$s ‘mÌm {H$VZr h¡& {Og ~ÀMo H$m
{OVZm j‘VmdmZ ‘pñVîH$ hmoJm CgHo$ nmg ~w{Õ H$s ‘mÌm ^r
CVZr hr A{YH$ hmoJr&
2. OÝ‘ Ho$ níMmV² ‘pñVîH$ Ho$ {dH$mg H$s gå^mdZm¶| bJ^J 4 JwZm
hmoVr h¢& ‘pñVîH$s¶ n[an³dZ Ho$ ñVa H$mo ZrMo aIZo dmbr ~mYm¶|
¶Wm ‘pñVîH$s¶ amoJ, AmKmV, Hw$nmofU B˶m{X ~m¡{ÕH$ j‘Vm H$mo
à^m{dV H$aVr h¢ AWm©V² ‘pñVîH$ Ho$ ñdm^m{dH$ {dH$mg ‘| {OVZr
~mYm Am¶oJr, ~w{Õ H$s ‘mÌm Ho$ ݶyZ hmooZo H$s gå^mdZm¶| CVZr
hr à~b hm|Jr&
3. ‘pñVîH$ H$mo n[an³dVm àmá H$aZo ‘| dmVmdaUr¶ n[apñW{V¶m±
gh¶moJ H$aVr h¢& ¶{X CnbãYVm n¶m©á h¡, Omo ~rO^yV ¶mo½¶VmAm|
H$mo {dH${gV hmoZo ‘| ‘XX {‘bVr h¡& ‘pñVîH$s¶ g{H«$¶Vm Ho$ A^md
‘| Ano{jV ~w{Õ H$m {dH$mg gå^d Zht hmo nmVm h¡&
4. ~w{Õ H$m {dH$mg Am¶w Ed§ emar[aH$ ~w{Õ Ûmam ^r {Z¶{ÝÌV hmoVm h¡&
{d{^Þ Am¶w ‘| {dH$mg H$s J{V g‘mZ Zht hmoVr h¡& emar[aH$ {dH$mg
H$s J{V ‘ÝX ahZo na ~w{Õ {dH$mg H$s J{V ^r ‘ÝX n‹S> OmVr h¡&
àmapå^H$ AdñWm ‘| 4-5 dfm] VH$ ~w{Õ {dH$mg H$s J{V ^r Vrd«
ahVr h¡, VËníMmV² {dH$mg H$s J{V ‘ÝX n‹S> OmVr h¡& nwZ… 8 go 12
df© H$s AdñWm ‘| ~w{Õ {dH$mg H$s J{V Vrd« hmoVr h¡, Omo ~w{Õ {dH$mg
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
n¥îR> 182
H$s Ma‘mdñWm VH$ MbVr h¡& Aܶ¶Zm| ‘| XoIm J¶m h¡ {H$ ‘ÝX ~w{Õ
~mbH$m| Ho$ ~w{Õ {dH$mg H$s J{V àmaå^ go hr àIa ~w{Õ ~mbH$ H$s
Anojm ‘ÝX ahVr h¡ VWm {dH$mg 13-14 df© H$s AdñWm ‘| hr
AnZr Ma‘mdñWm H$mo àmá H$a boVm h¡, O~{H$ àIa ~w{Õ Ho$ ~mbH$m|
H$s ~w{Õ Ho$ {dH$mg H$s J{V AnojmH¥$V Vrd« hmoVr h¡ Am¡a 16-18 df©
H$s AdñWm ‘| Ma‘mdñWm H$mo àmá H$aVr h¡& Bg V϶ H$mo {ZåZm§{H$V
aoIm{MÌ Ho$ ‘mܶ‘ go ñnîQ>Vm go g‘Pm Om gH$Vm h¡-
1. àW‘ 2 df©
’«$m§grgr ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ nmB©JoQ> H$m H$WZ h¡ {H$ O~ {eew n¡Xm hmoVm h¡ V^r go
Cg‘| AnZo AZw^dm| H$mo g§J{R>V H$aZo H$s e[³V hmoVr h¡, naÝVw AZw^dm| H$mo
g§J{R>V H$aZo H$s e[³V g^r {eewAm| ‘| EH$ O¡gr Zht nm¶r OmVr h¡& {H$gr
{eew ‘| ¶h e[³V H$‘ hmoVr h¡, {H$gr ‘| A{YH$& àW‘ Xmo dfm] ‘| {eew H$m
~m¡{ÕH$ {dH$mg Bg àH$ma àH$Q> hmoVm h¡-
1. àW‘ df© - BpÝжJmoMa J‘ZmË‘H$ {H«$¶mE±
2. {ÛVr¶ df© - gab àíZm| H$s g‘ñ¶mAm| H$mo gwbPmZm, CgH$m
^mfm {dH$mg, Aݶ ì¶[³V¶m| H$s Amoa CgH$s à{V{H«$¶mE±&
2. 2-5 df©
gm‘mݶ ‘mZ{gH$ ¶mo½¶Vm VWm ^mfm gå~ÝYr ¶mo½¶Vm BZ XmoZm| ‘| ~‹S>m K{ZîR>
gå~ÝY h¡& O¡go-O¡go ~mbH$ ~‹S>m hmoVm OmVm h¡, d¡go-d¡go CgH$m eãX ^ÊS>ma
VWm eãX à¶moJ H$s j‘Vm ~‹T>Vr OmVr h¡& ¶o ~mV| CgHo$ ~m¡{ÕH$ {dH$mg H$s
n[aMm¶H$ h¢& nmBJoQ> Ho$ ‘VmZwgma, BZ dfm] ‘| kmZopÝжO{ZV {H«$¶mË‘H$
¶mo½¶VmE± hr ~w{Õ H$m AmYma h¢& BZH$m à^md ~mbH$ Ho$ à˶jrH$aU Am¡a
à˶¶ {Z‘m©U na n‹S>Vm h¡& ~w{Õ Ho$ Aݶ VÎd h¢- n[apñW{V H$mo R>rH$-R>rH$
g‘PZo H$s ¶mo½¶Vm, gå~ÝYm| H$mo g‘PZm, ñ‘¥{V, AÀN>r {ZU©¶ e[³V,
g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ Am{X&
3. 5-8 df©
Bg AdñWm ‘| ~mbH$ dñVwAm| ‘| nañna g‘mZVm Am¡a AÝVa H$mo ^br-^m±{V
g‘PZo bJVo h¢& Bg AdñWm ‘| ~mbH$ H$s ñ‘¥{V H$m ^r {dH$mg hmoVm h¡& 8
~w{Õ àJʶ
df© Ho$ A{YH$m§e ~mbH$ H$hmZr na nyN>o J¶o 6 àíZm| ‘| go 5 H$m CÎma Xo gH$Vo
h¢ Am¡a 16 eãXm| Ho$ dm³¶ H$mo gwZH$a {~Zm JbVr {H$¶o Cgo Xmoham gH$Vo h¡&
~mbH$ BZ dfm] ‘| n‹T>Zm-{bIZm VWm JUZm H$aZm Am{X grIVo h¢& Bg
AdñWm ‘| Omo {deof n[adV©Z hmoVm h¡ dh ¶h {H$ ~mbH$ R>rH$ Am¡a JbV H$s
YmaUmAm| na {dMma H$aZo bJVo h¢& ~mbH$ Ho$ gm‘Zo O~ H$moB© g‘ñ¶m AmVr
h¡, Vmo nhbo dh gmoMVm h¡ V~ {ZU©¶ H$aVm h¡&
4. 8-12 df©
Bg AdñWm ‘| ~mbH$ AnZr ‘mZ{gH$ ¶mo½¶VmE± {ZåZ{b{IV ê$nm| ‘| àH$Q>
H$aVo h¢-
1. g‘ñ¶mË‘H$ pñW{V¶m| H$mo gwbPmZo H$s àd¥[Îm
2. Ag§J{V¶m| H$mo nhMmZZm
3. dmVmdaU ‘| ‘hÎdnyU© VÎdm| H$mo nhMmZZm
4. gm‘m{OH$ VWm amîQ´>r¶ g‘ñ¶mAm| H$s OmZH$mar
5. àíZm| H$m ¶w[³VnyU© CÎma XoZm
6. eãXm| H$m R>rH$-R>rH$ AW© g‘PZm VWm gyú‘ eãXm| H$mo ñnîQ>
H$aZm
7. {Z¶‘rH$aU
8. ^mfm H$m C{MV à¶moJ VWm
9. à{V{XZ Ho$ OrdZ go gå~{ÝYV gyMZmAm| H$s OmZH$mar&
nyd© {H$emoamdñWm H$s g~go ~‹S>r {deofVm h¡- ~mbH$m| H$mo ^mddmMH$
g§kmAm| H$m kmZ O¡go-ݶm¶, ~Xbm, X¶m, namonH$ma, XmZ B˶m{X& 11 df©
VH$ nh±þMVo-nhþ±MVo ~mbH$ H$hm{Z¶m| H$mo AnZo eãXm| ‘| gwZm gH$Vo h¢ Am¡a
H$^r-H$^r H$ënZm Ho$ AmYma na Cg‘| Hw$N> n[adV©Z ^r H$a XoVo h¢&
5. 12-18 df©
‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ narjUm| Ho$ AZwgma, {H$emoamdñWm Ho$ Amaå^ ‘| AWm©V² 12 df©
H$s Am¶w ‘| ~mbH$ ‘| {ZåZ{b{IV ¶mo½¶VmE± nm¶r OmVr h¢-
1. {d{^ÝZ H${R>Z ñVa Ho$ Ajam| H$m dh ñnîQ>rH$aU H$a gH$Vm h¡&
2. ~mbH$ Ho$ gm‘Zo {^ÝZ-{^ÝZ dm³¶ àñVwV H$aZo na, CZ‘| {Z{hV
Ag§JV V϶m| H$s Amoa dh g§Ho$V H$a gH$Vm h¡&
3. {MÌ ‘| àX{e©V dñVwAm| Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘| g§VmofOZH$ CÎma Xo gH$Vm
h¡ VWm {MÌ go gå~{ÝYV H$hmZr ^r ~Zm gH$Vm h¡&
4. A§H$m| H$mo CëQ>m Xmoham gH$Vm h¡&
5. ^mddmMH$ g§kmAm| O¡go- gmhg, ajm, ñZoh Am{X H$mo g‘Pm
gH$Vm h¡&
6. dh dm³¶m| ‘o| [a³V ñWmZm| H$s ny{V© H$a gH$Vm h¡&
1.7 ~w{Õ Ho$ {gÕmÝV
AmO Ho$ ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ {MÝVZ Ho$ ¶wJ ‘| ~w{Õ Ho$ AZoH$ {gÕmÝV àM{bV h¢&
BgH$m H$maU ^r h¡- nhbo ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ e[³V-{gÕmÝV na {dídmg H$aVo Wo&
‘Z ‘| AZoH$ e[³V¶m| H$m ApñVËd ‘mZVo Wo& ¶o e[³V¶m± ~w{Õ H$m ÚmoVH$ Wt&
H$ënZm, AZw^d VWm ñ‘aU na AmYm[aV CnbpãY¶m± ~w{Õ Ho$ AmYma na hr
{dH${gV g‘Pr OmVr Wt& H$mbmÝVa ‘| ‘Zmo{dkmZ Ho$ joÌ ‘| AZoH$ ‘hÎdnyU©
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
àJʶ
dmX àM{bV hþ¶o Am¡a CgHo$ AZwgma ~w{Õ Ho$ {gÕmÝVm| H$m ^r à{VnmXZ hþAm&
¶o {gÕmÝV Bg àH$ma h¢-
1. {~Zo H$m EH$-VÎd {gÕmÝV
2. {Û-VÎd {gÕmÝV
3. ~hþ-VÎd {gÕmÝV
4. g‘yh-VÎd {gÕmÝV
5. à{VXe© {gÕmÝV
6. H«${‘H$ ‘hÎd {gÕmÝV
7. {Ì-Am¶m‘ {gÕmÝV
1. EH$-VÎd {gÕmÝV
Bg {gÕmÝV H$mo {~Zo Zo {X¶m Wm& BÝhm|Zo ~w{Õ H$mo EH$ AIÊS> d A{d^mÁ¶
BH$mB© ‘mZm h¡, {OgHo$ AZwgma ì¶p³V H$s {d{^ÝZ ‘mZ{gH$ ¶mo½¶VmE± EH$
BH$mB© Ho$ ê$n ‘| H$m‘ H$aVr h¢, ³¶m|{H$ ~w{Õ EH$ gd©ep³Vembr ‘mZ{gH$
à{H«$¶m h¡, Omo gånyU© ‘mZ{gH$ H$m¶m] H$mo à^m{dV H$aVr h¡& Bg {gÕmÝV H$mo
‘moZm[aM {gÕmÝV ^r H$hVo h¢& BgHo$ AZwgma ~w{Õ Ho$db EH$ hr VÎd go ~ZVr
h¡ d Bg‘| hr g^r joÌm| ‘| EH$ hr ~w{Õ ì¶má h¡&
¶h {gÕmÝV nyU© ê$n go bmJy Zht hmoVm h¡, ³¶m|{H$ H$moB© ì¶p³V AJa
{dkmZ ‘| Hw$eb h¡ Vmo ¶h Zht H$hm Om gH$Vm {H$ dh H$bm ‘| ^r {ZnwU hmoJm&
2. {Û-VËd {gÕmÝV
Bg {gÕmÝV H$mo ñnr¶a‘¡Z Zo {X¶m Wm& BZHo$ AZwgma ~w{Õ Xmo VÎdm| go
{‘bH$a ~Zr hmoVr h¡& {Og‘| gm‘mݶ VÎd d {d{eîQ> VËd hmoVo h¢& à˶oH$
ì¶p³V ‘| EH$ gm‘mݶ VÎd hmoVo h¢, Omo H$B© {d{eîQ> VÎdm| go gå~pÝYV hmoVo
h¢& {OgHo$ AmYma na hr ì¶p³V H$s ~w{Õ {ZpíMV hmoVr h¡& {Og ì¶p³V H$m
gm‘mݶ VÎd, {d{eîQ> VÎd go {OVZm A{YH$ ghgå~pÝYV hmoVm h¡ Cg
ì¶p³V ‘| CVZr hr A{YH$ ~w{Õ hmoVr h¡ Am¡a dh CVZr hr Á¶mXm àJ{V ¶m
CÝZ{V H$aVm h¡&
Bg {MÌ ‘| EH$ gm‘mݶ VÎd H$B© {d{eîQ> VÎdm| H$mo AnZo ‘| gmYo hþ¶o
h¡ {OÝh| àX{e©V {H$¶m J¶m h¡&
Hw$N> g‘¶ ~mX ñnr¶a‘¡Z Zo AnZo Bg {gÕmÝV ‘| g§emoYZ {H$¶m Am¡a
Xmo VÎdm| Ho$ ñWmZ na VrZ VÎdm| H$m à{VnmXZ {H$¶m d Bg Vrgao VÎd H$mo
CÝhm|Zo g‘yh H$hm&
3. ~hþ-VÎd {gÕmÝV
~hþ-VÎd {gÕmÝV H$m à{VnmXZ Wm°Z©S>mBH$ Zo {H$¶m Wm& BÝhm|Zo ñnr¶a‘¡Z Ho$
{gÕmÝV H$m IÊS>Z H$aVo hw¶o H$hm {H$ ~w{Õ {g’©$ Xmo H$maH$m| go {‘bH$a Zht
~Zr, ~pëH$ ~w{Õ H$s aMZm ~hþV go N>moQ>o-N>moQ>o VÎdm| ¶m H$maH$m| Ho$ {‘bZo go
~w{Õ n¥îR> 183
hþB© h¡& à˶oH$ H$maH$ ¶m VÎd EH$ {d{eîQ> ‘mZ{gH$ j‘Vm H$m à{V{Z{YËd
H$aVm h¡ d EH$-Xÿgao go ñdVÝÌ hmoVm h¡& O¡go ‘H$mZ ~ZmZo ‘| BªQ>m| H$m à¶moJ
hmoVm h¡, bo{H$Z à˶oH$ BªQ> EH$-Xÿgao go ñdVÝÌ hmoVr h¡, bo{H$Z {’$a ^r
¶moJXmZ XoVr h¡&
Bg {gÕmÝV Ho$ AZwgma gm‘mݶ ~w{Õ Ho$ g‘mZ H$moB© MrO Zht hmoVr,
{g’©$ Bg‘| ~hþV gr {d{eîQ> {H«$¶mE± hmoVr h¡&
Wm°Z©S>mBH$ Zo gm‘mݶ VÎd Ho$ Abmdm Hw$N> ‘yb VÎd ^r ~Vm¶o h¢,
{OZ‘| CÝhm|Zo Am§{H$H$ ¶mo½¶Vm, empãXH$ ¶mo½¶Vm, {Xem-¶mo½¶Vm, VH©$ ¶mo½¶Vm,
ñ‘aU ep³V d ^mfU ¶mo½¶Vm H$m à¶moJ {H$¶m&
4. g‘yh-VÎd {gÕmÝV
Bg {gÕmÝV H$mo WñQ>©Z Zo {X¶m Wm& Bg {gÕmÝV H$mo H$maH$ {díbofU ^r
H$hVo h¢& WñQ>©Z Ho$ AZwgma gm‘mݶ ~w{Õ H$mo H$B© ^mJm| ‘| ~m±Q>m Om gH$Vm
h¡& BZH$mo àmW{‘H$ ¶mo½¶Vm¶| H$hm OmVm h¡& BZ àmW{‘H$ {H«$¶mAm|o Ho$ H$B© J«wn
hmoVo h¢ {OZH$m AnZm EH$ àmW{‘H$ VÎd hmoVm h¡& WñQ>©Z d CZHo$ gm[W¶m| Zo
{ZåZ Zm¡ VÎdm| H$mo ~Vm¶m, Omo {ZåZ h¢-
1. ‘m¡{IH$ VÎd ¶m empãXH$ VÎd
2. àojU VÎd
3. A§H$ gå~ÝYr VÎd
4. empãXH$-àdmh gå~ÝYr VÎd
5. ñ‘¥{V ep³V VÎd
6. à˶jrH$aU gå~ÝYr VÎd
7. Vm{H©$H$ VÎd
8. {ZJ‘Z VH©$ VÎd
9. AmJ‘Z VH©$ VÎd
~w{Õ = V+S+N+W+M+P+R+I+D
AV… ~w{Õ BZ g~ ~mVm| H$m Omo‹S> h¡ {OZHo$ {‘bZo na hr ~w{Õ H$m
{Z‘m©U hmoVm h¡& WñQ>©Z Ho$ AZwgma Xmo ‘yb VÎdm| ‘| {OVZm A{YH$ gh-
gå~ÝY hmoVm h¡ BZHo$ ~rM CVZm hr A{YH$ hñVmÝVaU hmoVm h¡&
5. à{VXe© {gÕmÝV
Bg {gÕmÝV H$mo Wm°‘gZ Zo {X¶m& BZHo$ AZwgma ~w{Õ H$B© ñdVÝÌ VÎdm| go
{‘bH$a ~Zr hmoVr h¡& O~ ì¶p³V H$moB© H$m¶© H$aVm h¡, Vmo CgHo$ {b¶o dh
AnZr ¶mo½¶VmAm| H$m à¶moJ H$aVm h¡, bo{H$Z dh AnZr gånyU© ¶mo½¶Vm H$m
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
n¥îR> 184
à¶moJ Z H$aHo$ Ho$db CgHo$ EH$ à{VXe© H$m à¶moJ H$aHo$ hr Cg H$m¶© H$mo nyU©
H$aZo H$m à¶mg H$aVm h¡, {OgHo$ n[aUm‘ñdê$n CgHo$ H$m¶© H$mo nyU© H$aZo ‘|
Ho$db EH$ hr à{VXe© H$m àXe©Z hmoVm h¡& BZ à{VXem] ‘| Omo gå~ÝY hmoVm h¡
dh g^r ¶mo½¶VmAm| Ho$ ñdVÝÌ {‘lU Ho$ H$maU go AmVm h¡&
6. H«${‘H$ ‘hÎd {gÕmÝV
Bg {gÕmÝV H$m à{VnmXZ dZm}Z d ~Q>© Zo {H$¶m& Bg‘| à˶oH$ ‘mZ{gH$
¶mo½¶Vm H$mo H«${‘H$ ‘hÎd àXmZ {H$¶m J¶m h¡& {OgHo$ AmYma na g~go nhbo
gm‘mݶ ‘mZ{gH$ ¶mo½¶Vm d {’$a {d{eîQ> ¶mo½¶Vm AmVr h¡&
Bg {MÌ ‘| gm‘mݶ ‘mZ{gH$ ¶mo½¶Vm H$mo Xmo ^mJm| ‘| ~m±Q>m J¶m h¡-
1. {H«$¶mË‘H$, ¶mpÝÌH$, àjonU d emar[aH$&
2. empãXH$, gm§p»¶H$ d e¡{jH$&
Bg‘| dZm}Z Zo àW‘ H$mo K.M. d Xÿgao H$mo V.D. H$hm h¡&
7. {Ì-Am¶m‘ {gÕmÝV
Bg {gÕmÝV H$mo 1967 ‘| {Jb’$moS>© Zo {X¶m& Bg {gÕmÝV H$mo {Ì{d‘r¶
{gÕmÝV ¶m ~w{Õ g§aMZm {gÕmÝV ^r H$hVo h¢& ¶h {gÕmÝV WñQ>©Z, Wm°Z©S>mBH$
d ñnr¶a‘¡Z Ho$ {gÕmÝVm| go H$m’$s AbJ h¡&
{Jb’$moS>© Zo ~w{Õ Ho$ g^r H$maH$m| ¶m VÎdm| H$mo VrZ {d‘mAm| ‘§o ~m±Q>m,
Omo {ZåZ h¢-
1. g§{H«$¶m - ¶h ì¶p³V Ûmam H$s JB© ‘mZ{gH$ à{H«$¶m Ho$ ñdê$n go
gå~pÝYV hmoVm h¡& g§[H«$¶m ‘| {X¶o J¶o H$m¶© ‘| ì¶p³V Ûmam H$s J¶r
‘mZ{gH$ {H«$¶mAm| Ho$ ñdê$n H$s ì¶m»¶m hmoVr h¡& g§{H«$¶m H$mo nm±M
^mJm| ‘| ~m±Q>m J¶m h¡- (1) ‘yë¶m§H$Z,(2) A{^gmar {MÝVZ, (3)
Angmar {MÝVZ, (4) kmZ, (5) ñ‘¥{V& O¡go {H$gr {dÚmWu H$mo
gh{ejm Ho$ JwU-Xmofm| H$mo {bIZo H$mo H$hm Om¶o Vmo ¶h ‘yë¶m§H$Z
~w{Õ àJʶ
H$s g§{H«$¶m hmoJr&
2. {df¶dñVw- Bg‘| gyMZmAm| Ho$ AmYma na g§{H«$¶m¶o§ H$s OmVr h¢&
BZ gyMZmAm| H$mo Mma ^mJm| ‘| ~m±Q>m J¶m h¡- (1) AmH$ma, (2)
gm§Ho${VH$, (3) empãXH$, (4) ì¶mdhm[aH$&
3. CËnmXZ - BgH$m AW© {H$gr {deof àH$ma H$s {df¶-dñVw Ûmam
H$s J¶r g§{H«$¶m Ho$ n[aUm‘ go hmoVm h¡& {Jb’$moS>© Zo Bgo N>… ^mJm|
‘| ~m±Q>m h¡- (1) BH$mB©, (2) dJ©, (3) gå~ÝY, (4) nÕ{V¶m±,
(5) ê$nmÝVaU, (6) à¶moJ&
AV… {Jb’$moS>© Zo ~w{Õ {gÕmÝV H$s ì¶m»¶m VrZ {d‘mAm| Ho$ AmYma
na H$s h¡ Am¡a BZ‘| à˶oH$ {d‘m Ho$ AnZo H$B© H$maH$ h¢& g§{H«$¶m {d‘m Ho$ nm±M
H$maH$, {df¶-dñVw {d‘m Ho$ Mma H$maH$ d CËnmXZ {d‘m Ho$ N>… H$maH$ h¢&
Bg àH$ma {Jb’$moS>© Ho$ AZwgma ~w{Õ Ho$ Hw$b= 5 # 4 # 6 = 120 H$maH$
¶m VÎd hmoVo h¢&
1.8 ~w{Õ ‘mnZ
~w{Õ ‘mnZ Ûmam ¶h OmZm Om gH$Vm h¡ {H$ {H$gr ì¶p³V ‘| ~w{Õ H$m ³¶m
ñVa h¡, ³¶m§o{H$ H$moB© ^r Xmo ì¶p³V ¶m {dÚmWu EH$ O¡gr hr nmR²>¶ dñVw H$mo
EH$ hr Vah go Zht g‘P nmVo& H$moB© {dÚmWu Vmo erK«Vm go g‘P boVm h¡, Vmo
H$moB© Cgr nmR²>¶-dñVw H$mo g‘PZo Ho$ {b¶o g‘¶ boVm h¡& BgH$mo gm‘mݶV…
ì¶p³VJV {d{^ÝZVm¶| ^r H$hm OmVm h¡, bo{H$Z BgH$m Xÿgam g˶ XmoZm|
{dÚm{W©¶m| Ho$ ~w{Õ Ho$ ñVa ‘| Ag‘mZVm go ^r h¡, {OgHo$ H$maU H$moB© OëX
grIVm h¡, Vmo H$moB© Xoa go&
àmaå^ go hr ¶h {^ÝZVm ~w{Õ Ho$ H$maU hmoVr Wr, bo{H$Z BgH$mo
Am¡nMm[aH$ Vm¡a na Zht {b¶m J¶m Wm& AmO BgH$m à¶moJ Am¡nMm[aH$ ê$n ‘|
{H$¶m OmVm h¡& dmñVd ‘| ~w{Õ H$mo ‘mnm Vmo Om gH$Vm h¡, bo{H$Z nyar Vah go
Zht, ³¶m|{H$ ~w{Õ A‘yV© hmoVr h¡&
AmYw{ZH$ ‘Zmo{dkmZ Zo ~w{Õ H$m ‘mnZ H$aZo Ho$ {b¶o ~w{Õ-narjU
{H$¶o h¢& ~w{Õ-narjU H$m VmËn¶© ~mbH$ H$s ‘mZ{gH$ ¶mo½¶Vm H$m ‘mnZ H$aZm
h¡ d ¶h kmV H$aZm h¡ {H$ Cg ~mbH$ ‘§o H$m¡Z-H$m¡Z gr ‘mZ{gH$ ¶mo½¶VmE± h¢
d {H$VZr ‘mÌm ‘| h¢& S´>oda Ho$ AZwgma,
~w{Õ-narjU {H$gr àH$ma H$s g‘ñ¶m hmoVr h¡, {OgH$s ghm¶Vm go EH$ ì¶p³V Ho$
‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg Ho$ ñVa H$m AZw‘mZ bJm¶m Om gH$Vm h¡&
~w{Õ-narjUm| H$s ghm¶Vm go ~w{Õ ‘mnZ H$m à¶mg g~go nhbo {~Zo
Zo {H$¶m& EH$ Aݶ {M{H$ËgH$ gmB‘Z H$s ghm¶Vm go {~Zo Zo EH$ Eogo ¶ÝÌ
H$m {Z‘m©U {H$¶m {OgHo$ Ûmam {H$gr ^r ì¶p³V H$s ~w{Õ H$mo ‘mnm Om gH$Vm
h¡& BgH$mo {~Zo-gmB‘Z ‘mnZ {d{Y H$hVo h¢& {~Zo Ho$ BZ ~w{Õ-narjUm| H$mo
~hþV g’$bVm {‘br d BgHo$ ~mX ~Q>©, Q>‘©Z Am{X Zo ^r AnZo ~w{Õ-narjUm|
H$m {Z‘m©U {H$¶m& Q>‘©Z Zo {~Zo Ho$ Bg ~w{Õ-narjU ‘| g§emoYZ {H$¶m {OgH$mo
ñQ>¡Z’$moS>©-{~Zo ‘mnZ {d{Y H$hm J¶m& Bg‘| Hw$b 90 àíZ Wo, {OZH$mo 1000
~mbH$mo§ go {H$¶m J¶m& BÝhm|Zo ~w{Õ-‘mnZ Ho$ {b¶o EH$ gyÌ ~Vm¶m-
‘mZ{gH$ Am¶w ^M.A.h
~w{Õ bpãY (I.Q.)= # 100
dmñV{dH$ Am¶w (C.A.)
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
àJʶ ~w{Õ n¥îR> 185

h¡& Bg {^ÝZVm Ho$ à‘wI H$maU CZ‘| à¶w³V ^mfm, àíZm| H$s g§»¶m, CZH$m
I.Q. = ~w{Õ bpãY àemgZ Am{X h¡& BZ g^r narjUm| H$m ‘ybê$n go {ZåZm§{H$V Xmo H$gm¡{Q>¶m| Ho$
M.A. = ‘mZ{gH$ Am¶w AmYma na dJuH$aU {H$¶m J¶m h¡-
C.A. = dmñV{dH$ Am¶w
1. {H«$¶mÝd¶Z ¶m àemgZ Ho$ AmYma na
Cn¶w©³V eãXm| H$m g§{já dU©Z {ZåZ àH$ma h¡- 2. ^mfm à¶moJ Ed§ H$m¶© {ZînmXZ Ho$ AmYma na

1. ‘mZ{gH$ Am¶w 1.9.1 {H«$¶mÝd¶Z ¶m àemgZ Ho$ AmYma na

BgH$mo g~go nhbo {~Zo Zo {X¶m Wm& ¶h {H$gr ì¶p³V H$s dh {dH$mg gr‘m
h¡, Omo CgHo$ H$m¶m] Ûmam OmZr OmVr h¡ Am¡a Cgr Am¶w {deof ‘| CgH$s Anojm
hmoVr h¡& O¡go- ¶{X {H$gr ~mbH$ H$s ‘mZ{gH$ Am¶w 9 df© ~Vm¶r OmVr h¡,
Am¡a dh narjm ‘| 9 df© H$s Am¶w Ho$ ~mbH$m| Ho$ g‘mZ hr H$m¶© H$aVm h¡ Vmo
dh 9 df© H$s hr Am¶w H$m H$hbm¶oJm& BgH$mo {ZH$mbZo Ho$ {b¶o {ZåZ gyÌ
à¶moJ {H$¶m OmVm h¡-
dmñV{dH$ Am¶w ^C.A.h # ~w {Õ bpãY ^I.Q.h
‘mZ{gH$ Am¶w (M.A.) = 100
2. dmñV{dH$ Am¶w
¶h {H$gr ^r ì¶p³V H$s Am¶w h¡ Omo dmñV{dH$Vm H$mo àX{e©V H$aVr h¡& ì¶p³V
H$s dmñV{dH$ Am¶w nhbo go hr kmV hmoVr h¡& BgH$mo {ZH$mbZo Ho$ {b¶o {ZåZ
gyÌ h¡-
‘mZ{gH$ Am¶w ^M.A.h
dmñV{dH Am¶w (C.A.) = = # 100
~w {Õ bpãY ^I.Q.h
3. ~w{Õ-bpãY
BgH$mo g~go nhbo ñQ>Z© Zo {X¶m Wm d ~mX ‘| BgH$m à¶moJ Q>‘©Z Zo 1916
‘| {H$¶m Wm& ¶h {H$gr ~mbH$ ¶m ì¶p³V H$s dmñV{dH$ ~w{Õ H$s ‘mÌm H$mo
àX{e©V H$aVm h¡& Omo dmñVd ‘o§ dh ~mbH$ aIVm h¡& BgHo$ Ûmam ì¶p³V ¶m
~mbH$ Ho$ Vrd«, gm‘mݶ ¶m ‘ÝX ~w{Õ hmoZo H$m nVm MbVm h¡ d gmW hr gmW
CgH$s VwbZm gabVm Ho$ gmW Aݶ ~mbH$m| ¶m ì¶p³V¶m| go H$s Om gH$Vr h¡&
H$mob d ~«wg Ho$ AZwgma ~w{Õ-bpãY ¶h ~VmVr h¡ {H$ ~mbH$ H$s
‘mZ{gH$ ¶mo½¶Vm ‘| {H$g J{V go {dH$mg hmo ahm h¡&
~w{Õ-bpãY {ZH$mbZo Ho$ {b¶o ‘mZ{gH$ Am¶w H$mo dmñV{dH$ Am¶w go
^mJ XoH$a Cgo 100 go JwUm H$aVo h¢& {Oggo {H$ Cg‘| Xe‘bd ‘| H$moB©
~w{Õ-bpãY Z Am¶o&
‘mZ{gH$ Am¶w ^M.A.h
~w{Õ bpãY (I.Q.)= # 100
dmñV{dH$ Am¶w (C.A.)
~w{Õ bpãY H$m {dñV¥V dU©Z Aܶm¶ ‘| AmJo {H$¶m J¶m h¡
1.9 ~w{Õ narjU Ho$ àH$ma
‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| Zo ~w{Õ H$s ‘mn H$aZo Ho$ {bE AZoH$ Vah Ho$ narjUm| H$m {Z‘m©U
{H$¶m h¡& CÔoí¶ H$s g‘mZVm hmoVo hþ¶o ^r BZ narjUm|o ‘| {^ÝZVm nmB© OmVr
àemg{ZH$ nÕ{V Ho$ AmYma na ~w{Õ narjUm| Ho$ Xmo àH$ma ~Vm¶o J¶o h¢-
1. d¡¶[³VH$ ~w{Õ narjU
Bg àH$ma Ho$ ~w{Õ narjUm| H$s ghm¶Vm go EH$ g‘¶ ‘| Ho$db EH$ hr ì¶[³V
H$s ~w{Õ H$m ‘mnZ {H$¶m OmVm h¡, M±y{H$ Bg àH$ma Ho$ narjUm| ‘| EH$ g‘¶ ‘|
Ho$db EH$ hr ì¶[³V H$s ~w{Õ H$m ‘mnZ H$aZm hmoVm h¡, AV… narjU Ho$ nX
{H«$¶mË‘H$, empãXH$ ¶m AempãXH$ {H$gr àH$ma Ho$ hmo gH$Vo h¢ AWdm EH$ hr
narjU ‘| VrZm| àH$ma Ho$ nXm| H$mo gpå‘{bV {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡& Bg àH$ma
Ho$ narjUm| Ho$ àemgZ Ed§ ‘mZH$sH$aU ‘| H${R>ZmB© hmoVr h¡ VWm YZ Ed§ g‘¶
^r A{YH$ bJVm h¡& {~Zo-gmB‘Z narjU, nmg-Ebm±J narjU, KZ aMZm
narjU Am{X d¡¶[³VH$ ~w{Õ narjU Ho$ Hw$N> CXmhaU h¢&
2. gm‘y{hH$ ~w{Õ narjU
O¡gm {H$ Zm‘ go ñnîQ> h¡, BZ narjUm| H$s ghm¶Vm go EH$ g‘¶ ‘| EH$ go
A{YH$ ì¶[³V¶m| H$s ~w{Õ H$m ‘mnZ {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡& ¶hr H$maU h¡ {H$
AmO d¡¶[³VH$ narjUm| H$s Anojm BZ narjUm| H$m à¶moJ AnojmH¥$V A{YH$
‘mÌm ‘| {H$¶m Om ahm h¡& gm‘y{hH$ narjUm| H$m OÝ‘ àW‘ {díd¶wÕ Ho$ g‘¶
hþAm& Bg‘| Am‘u Aë’$m Ed§ Am‘u ~rQ>m narjUm| H$m {Z‘m©U {H$¶m J¶m&
Am‘u Aë’$m {e{jV ì¶[³V¶m| Ho$ {bE Wm VWm Am‘u ~rQ>m narjU A{e{jV
ì¶[³V¶m| Ho$ {bE Wm& gm‘y{hH$ narjUm| H$s Cn¶mo{JVm A{YH$ hmoZo Ho$ H$B©
H$maU h¢ O¡go BZH$m ‘mZH$sH$aU Ed§ àemgZ AnojmH¥$V AmgmZ hmoVm h¡ VWm
ÜmZ Ed§ g‘¶ H$s ~MV hmoVr h¡, naÝVw g‘ñ¶mË‘H$ Ed§ H$‘ Am¶w Ho$ ~ÀMm|
na BZH$m à¶moJ Cn¶w³V Zht h¡ VWm BZ‘| {dídgZr¶Vm Ed§ d¡YVm Zht
hmoVr& ^maVr¶ ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| Zo H$B© gm‘y{hH$ ~w{Õ narjUm| H$m {Z‘m©U {H$¶m
h¡ {OZ‘| go à¶mJ ‘ohVm … gm‘y{hH$ ~w{Õ narjU(1962), Ama.Ho$.Q>ÊS>Z …
gm‘y{hH$ ‘mZ{gH$ ¶mo½¶Vm narjU(1960), am‘ Zaoe qgh … dZmQ>© gm‘mݶ
~w{Õ narjU (1970) à‘wI h¢&
1.9.2 ^mfm à¶moJ Ed§ H$m¶© {ZînmXZ Ho$ AmYma na
^mfm à¶moJ Ed§ H$m¶© {ZînmXZ Ho$ AmYma na ~w{Õ narjUm| H$mo {ZåZm§{H$V 4
^mJm| ‘| ~m±Q>m J¶m h¡-
1. empãXH$ ~w{Õ narjU
Bg àH$ma Ho$ ~w{Õ narjU dh ~w{Õ narjU h¢, {OZ‘| ì¶[³V H$s ~w{Õ H$m
‘mnZ empãXH$ àíZm| Ho$ Ûmam ‘m¡{IH$ AWdm {b{IV ê$n ‘| à˶wÎma àmá H$a
{H$¶m OmVm h¡& gab eãXm| ‘|, empãXH$ ~w{Õ narjU dh narjU h¡ {OZHo$ nXm|
‘| ^mfm H$m Cn¶moJ hmoVm h¡& ¶h narjU M±y{H$ nona-nopÝgb narjU hmoVm h¡,
AV… BZ narjUm| H$m Cn¶moJ ì¶[³VJV AWdm gm‘y{hH$ {H$gr ^r ñVa na
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
n¥îR> 186
{H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡& BZ narjUm| H$m Cn¶moJ Ho$db CÝht ì¶[³V¶m| na {H$¶m
Om gH$Vm h¡, Omo narjU H$s ^mfm H$mo OmZVo h¢& ^mfm Cn¶moJ Ho$ H$maU ¶h
narjU A{YH$ {dídgZr¶ Am¡a d¡Y hmoVo h¢& M±y{H$ BZ narjUm| ‘| ^mfm H$m
Cn¶moJ hmoVm h¡ AV… ¶h narjU A{YH$ {dídgZr¶ Ed§ d¡Y hmoVo h¢, naÝVw
^mfm H$m Cn¶moJ hmoZo Ho$ H$maU BZH$m Cn¶moJ g§Hw${MV hmoVm h¡& Eogo narjUm|
H$m Cn¶moJ N>moQ>o ~ÀMm|, A{e[jV ì¶[³V¶m| Am¡a narjU Ho$ A{V[a³V Aݶ
^mfm OmZZo dmbmo| Ho$ D$na Zht {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡& BZ narjUm| H$m ê$n
{Z‘m©U Ho$db à{e{jV ì¶[³V hr H$a gH$Vo h¢ ³¶m|{H$ Eogo narjUm| H$mo AZoH$
àH$ma Ho$ H$maH$ à^m{dV H$aVo h¢&
2. AempãXH$ ~w{Õ narjU
AempãXH$ ~w{Õ narjU Eogo narjU H$mo H$hm OmVm h¡ {Og‘| ^mfm AWm©V²
eãXm|, dm³¶m| VWm g§»¶m H$m à¶moJ {ZX}e ‘| {ZpíMV ê$n go hmoVm h¡ Am¡a
gmW hr gmW ì¶[³V {OgH$s ~w{Õ ‘mnr Om ahr h¡, H$mo dñVwAm| H$m dmñV{dH$
n[aMmbZ H$m Omo‹S> Vmo‹S> ^r Zht H$aZm n‹S>Vm h¡& ’«$s‘¡Z(1965), Zo a¡doZ
àmoJ«o{gd ‘¡{Q´>grO H$mo AempãXH$ ~w{Õ narjU H$m EH$ CÎm‘ CXmhaU ~Vbm¶m
h¡&
AempãXH$ ~w{Õ narjU H$m g~go ~‹S>m JwU ¶h h¡ {H$ My±{H$ Bg‘| ^mfm
H$m à¶moJ EH$m§em| ‘| Zht hmoVm h¡ Bg{bE à¶moJ N>moQ>o ~ÀMm|, H$‘ n‹T>o-{bIo
ì¶[³V¶m| VWm ‘mZ{gH$ ê$n go ‘§{XV ~ÀMm| Ho$ {bE AmgmZr go {H$¶m Om
gH$Vm h¡& Eogo narjUm| H$m EH$ gm‘mݶ Xmof ¶h h¡ {H$ Bg‘| ~w{Õ narjH$ H$mo
à{e{jV hmoZm Amdí¶H$ h¡& gmYmaU ì¶[³V H$mo ¶m Aà{e{jV ì¶[³V H$mo Eogo
narjUm| Ûmam ~w{Õ ‘mnZo ‘§o H${R>ZmB© hmo gH$Vr h¡&
3. {H«$¶mË‘H$ ~w{Õ narjU ¶m {ZînmXZ ~w{Õ narjU
{H«$¶mË‘H$ ~w{Õ narjU Eogo narjU H$mo H$hm OmVm h¡, {Og‘| ^mfm H$m à¶moJ
{ZX}e ‘| hmo ^r gH$Vm h¡, naÝVw Eogo narjUm| Ho$ EH$m§em| ‘| ^mfm H$m à¶moJ
{~ëHw$b ^r Zht hmoVm h¡ Am¡a narjmWu Ho$ gm‘Zo Hw$N> dñVw¶| dmñV{dH$ ê$n
‘| CnpñW{V H$s OmVr h¢, {OZH$m n[aMmbZ H$a narjmWu H$mo Cgo ghr H$aZm
n‹S>Vm h¡& narjmWu Ûmam {H$¶o J¶o Omo‹S>-Vmo‹S> ‘| n[aewÕVm, Ìw{Q>¶m± VWm bJo
g‘¶ Ho$ AmYma na ì¶[³V Ho$ ~w{Õ H$s ‘mn H$s OmVr h¡& Cn¶w©³V {ddaU go
ñnîQ> h¡ {H$ {H«$¶mË‘H$ ~w{Õ narjU H$s AJ«m§{H$V VrZ {deofVmE± hmoVr h¢-
1. Bg àH$ma Ho$ narjU Ho$ {ZX]e ‘| ^mfm ¶m g§»¶m H$m à¶moJ H$^r
hmoVm h¡ Am¡a H$^r Zht ^r hmoVm h¡&
2. Bg narjU Ho$ nXm| ¶m EH$m§em| ‘| ^mfm H$m à¶moJ {~ëHw$b ^r Zht
hmoVm h¡&
3. Bg narjU ‘| ì¶[³V Ho$ gm‘Zo dñVwAm| H$mo dmñV{dH$ ê$n ‘|
CnpñWV {H$¶m OmVm h¡ Am¡a Cg‘| Cgo Omo‹S>-Vmo‹S> H$aZm n‹S>Vm h¡&
‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| Zo H$B© Vah Ho$ {H«$¶mË‘H$ ~w{Õ narjU H$m {Z‘m©U {H$¶m
h¡ naÝVw Bg Vah Ho$ narjU H$mo g~go nhbo goJwBZ Zo 1866 ‘| ‘mZ{gH$ ê$n
go ‘ÝX ~w{Õ Ho$ ~ÀMm| H$m ‘mnZ H$aZo Ho$ {bE {Z{‘©V {H$¶m Wm& BgHo$ ~mX
H$B© {H«$¶mË‘H$ ~w{Õ narjUm| H$m {Z‘m©U hþAm, {OZ‘| go H$moh ãbm°H$ {S>OmBZ
narjU, nmg Ebm±J narjU, KZ aMZm narjU Am{X à‘wI h¢&
{H«$¶mË‘H$ ~w{Õ narjU ‘| H$B© JwU nm¶o OmVo h¢, My±{H$ BZ‘| ^mfm H$m
~w{Õ àJʶ
à¶moJ Zht hmoVm h¡, AV… BgH$m à¶moJ n‹T>o-{bIo ì¶[³V¶m| Ho$ Abmdm AZn‹T>,
J±yJo, N>moQ>o ~ÀMm| Ed§ ‘mZ{gH$ ‘§XVm ¶w³V ~ÀMm| H$s ~w{Õ ‘mnZo ‘| AmgmZr go
{H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡ VWm ^mfm H$m à¶moJ Zht hmoZo Ho$ H$maU hr BZ narjUm|
Ûmam {H$gr ^r Xoe VWm g§ñH¥${V Ho$ ì¶[³V¶m| H$s ~w{Õ ‘mnr Om gH$Vr h¡&
Bg narjU H$s Hw$N> H${‘¶m± ^r h¡& Bg Vah Ho$ narjU Ûmam EH$
g‘¶ ‘| EH$ hr ì¶[³V H$s ~w{Õ H$s ‘mn hmo nmZo Ho$ H$maU ¶h A˶{YH$
IMubm ‘mܶ‘ h¡ Am¡a gmW hr BZH$m {Z‘m©U ^r empãXH$ ~w{Õ narjUm| H$s
Anojm H${R>Z h¡&
4. A^mfmB© ~w{Õ narjU
A^mfmB© ~w{Õ narjU O¡gm {H$ Zm‘ go hr ñnîQ> h¡, nyU©V… ^mfm Ho$ ~ÝYZ
go ‘w³V hmoVm h¡& A^mfmB© ~w{Õ narjU Eogo narjU H$mo H$hm OmVm h¡ {Og‘|
^mfm H$m à¶moJ Z Vmo EH$m§e ‘| Am¡a Z hr {ZX}ím ‘| hmoVm h¡& àm¶… Bg Vah
Ho$ narjU ‘| {ZX©oe hmd-^md, {ZX}eZ, VWm {MÌm{^Z¶ Ûmam {X¶m OmVm h¡&
gmW hr Bg Vah Ho$ narjU ‘| narjmWu H$mo dñVwAm| H$m dmñV{dH$ n[aMmbZ
^r Zht H$aZm hmoVm h¡&
JwS> H$m S´>m-E-‘¡Z narjU VWm H¡$Q>b H$m g§ñH¥${V ‘w³V ~w{Õ narjU
BgHo$ à‘wI CXmhaU h¢& My±{H$ A^mfmB© ~w{Õ narjU ~hþV hX VH$ {H«$¶mË‘H$
~w{Õ narjU go {‘bVm-OwbVm h¡, AV… BgHo$ JwU-Xmof ^r {H«$¶mË‘H$ ~w{Õ
narjU Ho$ g‘mZ hr h¢&
1.10 ~w{Õ narjU Ho$ {d{^ÝZ àH$mam| H$s VwbZm
~w{Õ narjU Ho$ {d[^ÝZ àH$mam| Ho$ {díbofU go ¶h kmV hmoVm h¡ {H$ ^mfm à¶moJ
Ho$ AmYma na BZHo$ Xmo à‘wI ê$n empãXH$ Ed§ AempãXH$ h¢ VWm àemgZ Ho$
AmYma na Xmo à‘wI ê$n ì¶[³VJV Ed§ gm‘y{hH$ h¢& g^r àH$ma Ho$ narjUm|
H$s AnZr AbJ-AbJ {deofVm¶| Ed§ gr‘mE± h¢, {OZHo$ AmYma na BZH$m
VwbZmË‘H$ Aܶ¶Z Bg àH$ma h¡-
1.10.1 empãXH$ Ed§ AempãXH$ ~w{Õ narjUm| H$s VwbZm
empãXH$ ~w[Õ narjU Ed§ AempãXH$ ~w{Õ narjU ‘| {ZåZ{b{IV AÝVa nm¶o
OmVo h¢-
H«$. empãXH$ ~w{Õ narjU AempãXH$ ~w{Õ narjU
g§.
1. BZ‘| ~m¡{ÕH$ g‘ñ¶mAm| H$mo eãXm| Bg‘| ~m¡{ÕH$ g‘ñ¶mAm| H$mo aoIm-{MÌmo§,
¶m ^mfm Ho$ ‘mܶ‘ go narjmWu Ho$ AmH¥${V¶m| ¶m ñWyb dñVwAm| Ho$ ‘mܶ‘ go
gå‘wI àñVwV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& àñVwV {H$¶m OmVm h¡&
2. empãXH$ narjU ‘| ì¶[³V H$mo ^mfm AempãXH$ narjU ‘| ì¶[³V H$mo ^mfm VWm
VWm g§»¶mAm| H$m kmZ Amdí¶H$ h¡& A§H$mo H$m kmZ Amdí¶H$ Zht h¡&
3. empãXH$ ~w{Õ narjU H$s AZw{H«$¶m AempãXH$ ~w{Õ narjU ‘| narjU-H$Îmm©
H$m A§H$Z narjU nwpñVH$m ‘| ‘m¡{IH$ {ZX}e XoVm h¡ Am¡a narjmWu ‘m¡{IH$
{X¶o J¶o {ZX}em| H$mo n‹T>H$a Cgr {ZX}emZwgma H$m¶© H$aVm h¡& {ZX}e {b{IV
nwpñVH$m ‘| H$aZm hmoVm h¡& ^r hmo gH$Vo h¢ {H$ÝVw AZw{H«$¶m Ho$ {bE eãXm|
¶m A§H$mo H$m à¶moJ Zht hmoVm&
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
àJʶ ~w{Õ n¥îR> 187

H«$. empãXH$ ~w{Õ narjU AempãXH$ ~w{Õ narjU 5. Bg narjU Ho$ àíZm| H$mo ~ZmZo ‘| Bg‘| àíZ gabVm go ~Z OmVo h¢&
g§. H${R>ZmB© hmoVr h¡&
4. AZw{H«$¶m A§{H$V H$aZo Ho$ {bE AempãXH$ narjU ‘| {MÌm| H$mo nhMmZZm, 6. Bg narjU ‘| YZ A{YH$ IM© hmoVm h¡& Bg‘| H$‘ YZ H$s Amdí¶H$Vm hmoVr h¡&
empãXH$ narjU ‘| eãX/dm³¶ na A§J ny{V© H$aZm, AmH¥${V¶m± ~ZmZm, {MÌm| Ho$
{M• bJmZm, [a³V ñWmZ H$s ny{V©, AZwgma JwQ>H$m| H$mo Omo‹S>Zm Am{X {d{Y¶m| H$m 7. ¶h N>moQ>o ~mbH$m| Ho$ {bE A{YH$ ¶h ~‹S>o ~mbH$m| Am¡a d¶ñH$m| Ho$ {bE
{‘bmZ H$aZm, {Q>H$ bJmZm Am{X à¶moJ {H$¶m OmVm h¡& Cn¶w³V h¡& Cn¶w³V h¡&
{d{Y¶m| H$m à¶moJ hmoVm h¡&
8. BZHo$ àmám§H$m| Ho$ AmYma na à¶moÁ¶ go BZHo$ Ûmam narjm{W©¶m| H$s ~w{Õ Ho$
5. BZH$m à¶moJ {e{jV Ed§ narjU H$s BZH$m à¶moJ A{e{jV ¶m {Zaja bmoJmo VWm
g§~{§ YV AZoH$ JwUmË‘H$ OmZH$m[a¶m± A{V[a³V Aݶ {H$gr JwU H$m nVm bJm
^mfm OmZZo dmbo ì¶[³V¶m| na hr {H$gr ^r ^mfm Ho$ ~mobZo dmbm| na {H$¶m
^r àmá H$s Om gH$Vr h¢, O¡g- o nmZm gå^d Zht hmoVm h¡&
{H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡& Om gH$Vm h¡&
CgH$s A{^ê${M, A{^¶mo½¶Vm Am{X
6. BZ narjUm| Ho$ n[aUm‘ à¶moÁ¶ BZ narjUm| Ho$ n[aUm‘ gm‘m{OH$, H$m nVm ^r bJm¶m Om gH$Vm h¡&
H$s gm‘m{OH$, gm§ñH¥${VH$ Ed§ gm§ñH¥${VH$ Ed§ n¶m©daUr¶ H$maH$m| go
9. BZH$m à¶moJ {Zaja bmoJm| Ho$ {bE ^r BZH$m à¶moJ {e{jV ì¶[³V¶m| Ho$ {bE hr
n¶m©daUr¶ n[apñW{V go à^m{dV à^m{dV Zht hmoVo& AV… BÝh| g§ñH¥${V ‘w³V
{H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡& {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡&
ahVo h¢& narjU ^r H$hm OmVm h¡&
10. BZHo$ Ûmam {H$gr g‘yh H$m EH$ gmW BÝh| d¡¶[³VH$ narjU Ho$ ê$n ‘| ^r
7. empãXH$ narjU ‘| g‘¶ H$m ~ÝYZ AempãXH$ narjU ‘§o ~w{Õ H$s ‘mn H$aZo narjU H$aZm g§^d Zht hmoVm h¡& à¶w³V {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡&
A{YH$ ‘hÎdnyU© Zht hmoVm& ‘| g‘¶ gr‘m A˶{YH$ ‘hÎdnyU© hmoVr h¡&
11. BZ narjUm| Ho$ àemgZ ‘| ‘m¡{IH$ ¶o narjU {b{IV hmoVo h¢ VWm BZH$m
8. BZH$m {Z‘m©U Ed§ àemgZ BZH$m {Z‘m©U Ed§ àemgZ O{Q>b hmoVm {d{Y H$m à¶moJ A{YH$ hmoVm h¡& CÎma ^r {b{IV ê$n ‘| XoZm hmoVm h¡&
AnojmH¥$V gab Ed§ H$‘ IMubm h¡& AV… BgHo$ {bE Hw$eb Ed§ à{e{jV 12. BZHo$ àemgZ Ho$ g‘¶ narjH$ BZ narjUm| Ho$ àíZm| ‘| narjH$ Ûmam
hmoVm h¡& ì¶[³V¶m| H$s Amdí¶H$Vm hmoVr h¡ VWm ¶h Amdí¶H$VmZwgma àíZm| Ho$ H«$‘ ‘| {H$gr ^r àH$ma H$m n[adV©Z H$a nmZm
A{YH$ IMubm ^r hmoVm h¡& n[adV©Z H$a gH$Vm h¡ VWm àíZm| Ho$ gå^d Zht hmoVm&
ñdê$n ‘| ^r Am¨{eH$ n[adV©Z H$a
9. ¶o narjU ì¶[³VJV Ed§ gm‘y{hH$ AempãXH$ ~w{Õ narjU àm¶… d¡¶[³VH$ ê$n
gH$Vm h¡&
XmoZm| ê$nm| ‘| gånÝZ H$am¶o Om go hr àem{gV {H$¶o OmVo h¢&
gH$Vo h¢& 13. BZ narjUm| na narjmWu AnZr BZ narjUm| na gd©loîR> àXe©Z ‘| AZoH$
¶mo½¶Vm H$m gd©loîR> àXe©Z ghOVm H$maH$ ~mYH$ hmo gH$Vo h¢&
10. dZ narjUm| H$s dñVw{ZîR>Vm, BZ narjUm| ‘| ì¶[³V{ZîR>Vm H$s gå^mdZm
go H$a gH$Vm h¡&
{dídgZr¶Vm Ed§ d¡YVm AnojmH¥$V hmoVr h¡& ¶o narjU {dídñVar¶ Ed§ d¡Y hmoZo
A{YH$ hmoVr h¡& Ho$ gmW-gmW g§ñH¥${V ‘w³V ^r hmoVo h¢& 14. BZ‘| ZH$b H$aZo H$s g§^mdZm Zht BZ‘| narjmWu {d{^ÝZ ‘mܶ‘m| go ZH$b
hmoVr h¡& H$a gH$Vm h¡&
11. ¶o narjU N>moQ>o ~ÀMm| Ed§ ‘ÝX ~w{Õ ¶o narjU N>mQo >o ~ÀMm| Ed§ ‘ÝX ~w{Õ ~mbH$m|
15. Bg narjU Ho$ {ZîH$f© ‘| àm‘m{UH$Vm, gm‘y{hH$ narjU Ho$ {ZîH$f© H$‘ àm‘m{UH$
~mbH$m| Ho$ {bE A{YH$ Cn¶w³V Am¡a JyJ± - o ~hao Am{X ‘mZ{gH$ Ed§ emar[aH$
{dídgZr¶Vm Am¡a dñVw{ZîR>Vm Am¡a {dídgZr¶ hmoVo h¢&
Zht hmoVo& ‘ÝXVm¶w³V ì¶[³V¶m| Ho$ {bE Cn¶w³V hmoVo h¢&
A{YH$ nm¶r OmVr h¡&
12. ^mfm Ho$ {dH$mg H$m à^md ~w{Õ ^mfm Ho$ kmZ Ho$ ñVa H$m à^md ~w{Õ narjU 16. Bg‘| ~mbH$ Am¡a narjH$ H$m {ZH$Q> gm‘y{hH$ narjm ‘| Bg ~mV H$m A^md
narjU Ho$ {ZîH$f© na n‹S>Vm h¡& Ho$ {ZîH$f© na Zht n‹S>Vm gånH©$ ñWm{nV hmo OmVm h¡& hmoVm h¡&
17. ¶o narjU e¡{jH$ Ed§ BZHo$ Ûmam ‘mZ{gH$ {ZXmZ gå^d Zht
ì¶mdgm{¶H$ {ZX}eZ hmoVm h¡, {H$ÝVw gm‘mݶ ê$n go e¡{jH$
1.10.2 d¡¶[³VH$ VWm gm‘y{hH$ ~w{Õ narjUm| H$s VwbZm VWm ‘mZ{gH$ {ZXmZ ‘| A˶{YH$ Ed§ ì¶mdgm{¶H$ {ZX}eZ XoZo ‘| Cn¶moJr
d¡¶[³VH$ VWm gm‘y{hH$ ~w{Õ narjU ‘| {ZåZ{b{IV AÝVa nm¶o OmVo h¢- Cn¶moJr hmoVo h¢& hmo gH$Vo h¢&
H« . d¡¶p³VH$ ~w{Õ narjU gm‘y{hH$ ~w{Õ narjU 18. BZH$m Cn¶moJ ì¶[³VJV ¶mo½¶Vm H$s BZH$m Cn¶moJ ì¶[³V¶m| Ho$ M¶Z Ed§
g§. Om±M Ed§ Z¡Xm{ZH$ H$m¶m] hoVw A{YH$ dJuH$aU hoVw A{YH$ {H$¶m OmVm h¡&
1. BZHo$ Ûmam EH$ g‘¶ ‘| EH$ hr ì¶[³V BZ narjUm| Ho$ Ûmam EH$ hr g‘¶ ‘| EH$ {H$¶m OmVm h¡&
H$m ~w{Õ narjU {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡& go A{YH$ ì¶[³V¶m| H$m ~w{Õ narjU {H$¶m 19. Bg narjm go gm‘y{hH$ ~w{Õ H$m nVm gm‘y{hH$ narjH$ go gm‘y{hH$ ~w{Õ H$m
Om gH$Vm h¡& Zht bJ gH$Vm& nVm bJm¶m Om gH$Vm h¡&
2. BZ narjUm| H$m àemgZ Hw$eb Ed§ Bg narjm H$mo H$moB© gm‘mݶ ¶mo½¶Vm dmbm
à{e{jV ì¶[³VAWm©V² {deofk Ûmam ì¶[³V ^r CgHo$ {ZX}em| H$mo ^br^m±{V n‹T>H$a
hr {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡& Ed§ g‘PH$a àem{gV H$a gH$Vm h¡& 1.11 ~w{Õ narjU H$s {ejm ‘| Cn¶mo{JVm
3. Bg narjU ‘| A{YH$ g‘¶ bJVm h¡& BZ narjUm| ‘| AnojmH¥$V H$‘ g‘¶ bJVm h¡& {Jb’$moS>© Ho$ AZwgm ~w{Õ-narjUm| Ûmam ‘mnr OmZo dmbr gm‘mݶ ¶mo½¶VmE± VWm
4. BZ‘| g‘¶ gr‘m A{YH$ hmoVr h¡ VWm ¶h narjU àm¶… 45 go 90 {‘ZQ> Ho$ àmW{‘H$ ¶mo½¶Vm¶| AbJ h¢ Am¡a CZH$m {dH$mg Am¶w Ho$ gmW-gmW hmoVm h¡&
Hw$N> narjU ‘| g‘¶ gr‘m H$m H$moB© ^rVa nyam hmo OmVm h¡&
‘ܶ AdñWm AmZo na CZH$m nVZ hmoZo bJVm h¡& {dH$mg H$m Ma‘moËH$f© 20
~ÝYZ Zht hmoVm h¢&
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
n¥îR> 188
df© H$s Am¶w VH$ hmoVm h¡& Bg‘| Hw$N> ¶m¡Z {^ÝZVm¶| ^r nmB© OmVr h¢; Omo Hw$N>
nwê$fm| H$mo à^m{dV H$aVr h¢ Vmo Hw$N> pñ̶m| H$mo& gÝVwbZ Bg ~mV H$m àVrH$
h¡ {H$ XmoZm| (nwê$f VWm ñÌr) ‘| gm‘mݶ ¶mo½¶Vm g‘mZ hmoVr h¡&
AV… g‘mZVm VWm {^ÝZVm Ho$ AmYma na ~w{Õ-narjUm| H$m {d{Z¶moJ
{ejm ‘| hmoVm ahm h¡& BgHo$ Cn¶moJ Bg àH$ma h¢-
1. ~w{Õ narjU Ûmam N>mÌm| H$s ~w{ÕbpãY Ed§ CZH$s ‘mZ{gH$ Am¶w
H$m nVm bJmH$a CgHo$ AZwgma CÝh| EH$ Cn¶w³V H$jm ‘| àdoe
{X¶m Om gH$Vm h¡&
2. ~w{Õ narjUm| Ûmam ~mbH$m| H$m CZH$s ~w{Õ Ho$ AZwgma dJuH$aU
H$aHo$ (gm‘mݶ ~w{Õ, ‘ÝX ~w{Õ d Vrd« ~w{Õ) CZHo$ {bE {d{eîQ>
N>mÌ AmYm[aV VH$ZrH$m| H$m à¶moJ ^r {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡&
3. ~w{Õ narjUm| Ho$ AmYma na N>mÌm| H$mo {df¶ MwZZo hoVw {ZX}{eV
{H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡&
4. ~w{Õ narjU N>mÌm| H$r {d{eîQ> ¶mo½¶Vm Ho$ ‘mnZ ‘| ^r ghm¶H$
h¡& O¡go dmX-{ddmX à{V¶mo{JVmAm| d Aݶ {H«$¶mH$bmnm| ‘|, N>mÌ
AnZm ~ohVa àXe©Z H$a gH$Vo h¢&
5. ~w{Õ narjUm| Ho$ AmYma na {ejH$ N>mÌm| H$mo C{MV e¡{jH$ d
ì¶mdgm{¶H$ {ZX}eZ XoZo ‘| g’$b hmoVo h¢, ³¶m|{H$ {d{^ÝZ ì¶dgm¶m|
hoVw {d{^ÝZ ñVa H$s ~w{Õ H$s Amdí¶H$Vm hmoVr h¡, {OgH$m nVm BZ
narjUm| Ûmam bJm¶m Om gH$Vm h¡&
6. ~w{Õ narjU e¡{jH$ Xþ~b © Vm H$m {ZXmZ H$aZo ‘| ^r ghm¶H$ h¡& A³ga
XoIm OmVm h¡ {H$ A{YH$ Vrd« ~w{Õ Ho$ N>mÌ Am¡a H$‘ ~w{Õ Ho$ N>mÌ ‘|
nmR²>¶H«$‘ Ho$ à{V CXmgrZVm CËnÝZ hmo OmZo go do e¡{jH$ ê$n go Xþ~b
© {Jb’$moS>© Zo ‘mZ{gH$ ñdê$n ‘| 120 ¶mo½¶VmAm| H$mo àX{e©V {H$¶m h¡&
hmo OmVo h¢, {OgH$m {ZXmZ ~w{Õ narjUm| Ho$ à¶moJ go hr gå^d hmoVm h¡&
7. ~w{Õ narjUm| H$s Cn¶mo{JVm A{^^mdH$m| Ho$ {ZX}eZ Ho$ {bE ^r h¡&
BZ ~w{Õ narjUm| H$s ‘XX go hr A{^^mdH$ AnZo ~ÀMo Ho$ ~w{Õ
ñVa H$mo OmZ nmVo h¢ d Cgr Ho$ AZwgma do CÝh| nam‘e© XoVo h¢ VWm
CZH$s Cn¶w³V {ejm ì¶dñWm H$a gH$Vo h¢&
8. N>mÌm| H$mo AmJm‘r H$jmAm| ‘| ^oOVo g‘¶ AWm©V² H$jmoÝZ{V H$m
{ZU©¶ boZo ‘| ^r ~w{Õ narjUm| H$s ‘XX br Om gH$Vr h¡&
9. ~w{Õ narjU Ûmam Z {g’©$ N>mÌm| H$s ~pëH$ {ejH$m| H$s ~w{Õ H$s ^r
‘mn H$s OmVr h¡ Am¡a CgHo$ AmYma na ¶mo½¶ Ed§ ~w{Õ‘mZ {ejH$m§o
H$m M¶Z {H$¶m OmVm h¡& Eogo ¶mo½¶ {ejH$m| Ho$ M¶Z Ûmam N>mÌm| H$s
e¡{jH$ CnbpãY¶m± ^r A{YH$ hmoVr h¢&
10. ~w{Õ narjUm| Ûmam Vrd« ~w{Õ N>mÌm| H$s nhMmZH$a CZH$s {deof
{ejm H$m à~ÝY {H$¶m OmVm h¡ {Og‘| Eogo N>mÌm| H$m e¡{jH$ {dH$mg
VoOr go hmoVm h¡&
11. BZ narjUm| H$m gdm©{YH$ Cn¶moJ g‘ñ¶m‘ybH$ N>mÌm| Ho$ CnMma
hoVw {H$¶m OmVm h¡&
12. ~w{Õ narjUm| Ho$ à¶moJ go AZwemgZ H$s g‘ñ¶m H$m g‘mYmZ ^r
gå^d hmoVm h¡ VWm N>mÌm| H$s ‘mZ{gH$ ~r‘m[a¶m| H$m CnMma ^r
gå^d hmo nmVm h¡&
13. BZ narjUm| Ûmam {ejm ‘| ì¶má An춶 d AdamoYZ H$s g‘ñ¶m
H$mo ^r Xÿa {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡&
~w{Õ àJʶ
14. ~w{Õ narjUm| H$m ‘Zmo{M{H$Ëgm d AZwgÝYmZ Ho$ joÌ ‘| ^r à¶moJ
{H$¶m OmVm h¡&
15. ¶o narjU ~mbH$m| H$s j‘Vm Ho$ AZwgma CÝh| H$m¶© XoZo ‘| ^r {ejH$
H$s ghm¶Vm H$aVo h¢&
16. BZ narjUm| Ho$ Ûmam nmR²>¶H«$‘ {Z‘m©U d {ejU nÕ{V Ho$ {ZYm©aU
‘o| ‘XX {‘bVr h¢&
17. ~w{Õ narjUm| Ho$ à¶moJ Ûmam g‘ñ¶mË‘H$ ~mbH$m| Ho$ Agm‘mݶ
ì¶dhma Ho$ H$maUm| H$mo OmZH$a CZH$m CnMma d gwYma {H$¶m Om
gH$Vm h¡&
Bg àH$ma ~w{Õ narjU H$s {ejm Ho$ joÌ ‘| A˶ÝV Cn¶mo{JVm h¡ VWm
BÝh| {ejm H$m EH$ ‘hÎdnyU© gmYZ ‘mZH$a Cn¶moJ {H$¶o OmZo go {ejH$, N>mÌ
A[^^mdH$, g‘mO, Xoe d amîQ´> H$m {hV hmo gH$Vm h¡ d {d{^ÝZ g‘ñ¶mAm|
H$m ^r {ZXmZ hmo gH$Vm h¡&
1.12 ~w{Õ-bpãY
~w{Õ-bpãY à˶¶ gm‘mݶ ~w{Õ Ho$ {gÕmÝV na AmYm[aV h¡& BgH$s AdYmaUm
¶h h¡ {H$ ~w{Õ EH$ BH$mB© Ho$ ê$n ‘| hmoVr h¡, {Ogo gm‘mݶ ¶mo½¶Vm H$hVo h¢&
BgH$m EH$ gyMH$m§H$ hmoVm h¡, naÝVw H$maH$ {díbofU Ûmam Omo Aܶ¶Z {H$E
JE h¢, CÝhm|Zo ~w{Õ H$mo H$B© H$maH$m| ‘| àX{e©V {H$¶m h¡& ñnr¶a‘¡Z Xmo VÎd
‘mZVm h¡- gm‘mݶ VWm {d{eîQ> ¶mo½¶Vm& Bgr àH$ma WñQ>©Z Zo N>… àmW{‘H$
‘mZ{gH$ ¶mo½¶VmAm| H$mo kmV {H$¶m& Bg àH$ma ~w{Õ H$m AnZm ñdê$n hmoVm h¡&
~w{Õ-bpãY ‘§o$ ‘mZ{gH$ Am¶w H$s Amdí¶H$Vm hmoVr h¡& {~Zo Ho$
narjU go ‘mZ{gH$ Am¶w ‘mnr OmVr h¡& [~Zo-gmB‘Z Zo 1908 ‘| ‘mZ{gH$
Am¶w H$m {dMma {X¶m& ‘mZ{gH$ Am¶w go A{^àm¶ Cg Am¶w go h¡ Omo ~w{Õ ¶m
‘mZ{gH$ narjU go {ZYm©[aV hmoVr h¡& {H$gr ^r dmñV{dH$ Am¶w H$m Am¡gV
‘mZ{gH$ ñVa ¶m ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg H$s Amoa g§Ho$V H$aVm h¡& ‘mZ{gH$ Am¶w H$s
JUZm ‘| Ìw{Q>¶m± hmoZo H$s gå^mdZm hmoVr h¢& AV… ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| Zo ~w{Õ-bpãY
H$m {dMma àñVwV {H$¶m& ~w{Õ-bpãY H$m gyÌ Bg àH$ma h¡ -
‘mZ{gH$ Am¶w ^M.A.h
~w{Õ bpãY (I.Q.)= # 100
dmñV{dH$ Am¶w (C.A.)
‘mZm {H$ EH$ ~mbH$ H$s dmñV{dH$ Am¶w 12 df© h¡& dh 15 df© Ho$
~mbH$ Ho$ g‘mZ àíZ nÌ hb H$aVm h¡ Vmo CgH$s ‘mZ{gH$ Am¶w 15 df© hmoJr
Am¡a gyÌ Ho$ AZwgma ~w{Õ-bpãY Bg àH$ma hmoJr-
~w{Õ bpãY (I.Q.) = 15
12 #
100 = 125
~w{Õ-bpãY go ‘mZ{gH$ Am¶w d dmñV{dH$ Am¶w Ho$ nmañn[aH$ gå~ÝY
VWm {dH$mgmË‘H$ J{V H$m kmZ hmoVm h¡& EH$ ~mbH$ H$s ~w{Õ-bpãY OrdZ
^a EH$ O¡gr Zht ahVr& ‘mZ{gH$ Am¶w H$m {dH$mg dmñV{dH$ Am¶w Ho$ gmW-
gmW hmoVm h¡&
$Q>‘©Z Zo 1916 ‘o§ ñQ>¡Z’$moS>© {~Zo narjU Ho$ gmW ~w{Õ-bpãY Ho$
{dVaU H$s Vm{bH$m ^r V¡¶ma H$s, Omo {ZåZ h¡-
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
àJʶ ~w{Õ n¥îR> 189

H«$.g§. ~w{Õ-bpãY dJ© àíZm| H$mo ghr H$a boVm h¡, naÝVw Cgo A{YH$ Am¶w Ho$ ñVa Ho$ g^r àíZm| H$mo
1. 140 go A{YH$ à{V^membr ~w{Õ ghr Zht H$a nmVm h¡& Bg pñW{V ‘| g^r 6 àíZm| H$mo ghr H$a {b¶m Cgo 12
‘mh Ho$ A§H$ {XE OmZo Mm{hE, naÝVw ‘yb Am¶w Ho$ H$maU 5 df© Ho$ A§H$ {XE
2. 120-140 àIa ~w{Õ
OmE§Jo& 7 df© Ho$ ~mbH$ H$s ‘mZ{gH$ Am¶w H$s JUZm Bg àH$ma H$s OmEJr-
3. 110-120 A{V gm‘mݶ ~w{Õ
H« .g§. ñVa ghr àíZ A§H$
4. 90-110 gm‘mݶ ~w{Õ
1. 5 df© Am¶w ñVa g^r àíZ ghr (‘yb Am¶w) 5 df©
5. 75-90 Aën ~w{Õ
2. 6 df© Am¶w ñVa 4 àíZ ghr 8 ‘mh
6. 50-75 ‘yI©
3. 7 df© Am¶w ñVa 3 àíZ ghr 6 ‘mh
7. 25-50 ‘y‹T> 4. 8 df© Am¶w ñVa 2 àíZ ghr 4 ‘mh
8. 25 go H$‘ O‹S> ~w{Õ 5. 9 df© Am¶w ñVa g^r JbV ........
Q>‘©Z VWm ‘¡[ab Zo 3184 N>mÌ g§»¶m na à¶moJ H$aHo$ ~w{Õ-bpãY ‘mZ{gH$ Am¶w H$m ¶moJ 6 df© 6 ‘mh
H$m {d^mOZ Bg àH$ma {H$¶m h¡- ‘mZ{gH$ Am¶w ^M.A.h
~w{Õ bpãY (I.Q.)= # 100
H«$.g§. ~w{Õ-bpãY àgma {ddaU à{VeV dmñV{dH$ Am¶w (C.A.)
1. 140 go D$na à{V^mdmZ 0.5
~w{Õ bpãY (I.Q.) = 6.5 #
7
100 = 93
2 130-139 ~hþV AÀN>o 3.0
3. 120-129 AÀN>o 7.0 {~Zo narjU H$m ‘ܶ‘mZ 100 ~w{Õ bpãY hmoVr h¡& Bg{bE ¶h N>mÌ
4. 110-119 àIa 14.0 gm‘mݶ go {ZåZ ñVa H$m N>mÌ h¡& BgH$m à‘m{UH$ {dMbZ 16 hmoVm h¡&
5. 100-109 CÀM gm‘mݶ 25.0
*******
6. 90-99 {ZåZ gm‘mݶ 25.0
7. 80-89 ‘ÝX ~w{Õ 14.0 ~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$
8. 70-79 hrZ 7.0
15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m
9. 60-69 O‹S> 0.5
OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡ {H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s
10. 60 go ZrMo ........ ........
g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s
^maV ‘| S>m°. H$m°‘W Zo ¶hm± H$s n[apñW{V¶m| Ho$ AZwgma ~w{Õ-bpãY H$m do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
{dVaU kmV {H$¶m h¡& ¶h ~w{Õ-bpãY {dVaU Bg àH$ma h¡-

H«$.g§. dJ© ~w{Õ-bpãY à{VeV ~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ
1. à{V^membr 140 go D$na 5
‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ
2. Agm‘mݶ 130-139.5 3.5
3. A˶ÝV CÀM 120-129.5 9.0 àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org
4. CÀM 110-119.5 15.0 na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a
5. gm‘mݶ 90-109.5 42.0
gH$Vo h¢&
6. {nN>‹S>o hþE 80-89.5 15.0
7. A˶ÝV {nN>‹S>o 70-79.5 9.0
8. gr‘m na 60-69.5 3.5 ¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa
9. ‘yI© 50-59.6 1.5 Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ
àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
10. ‘ÝX~w{Õ 40-49.5 5
11. O‹S> ~w{Õ 30 go ZrMo ........

~ogb Am¶w- Bgo ‘yb Am¶w H$hVo h¡, {Og Am¶w ñVa Ho$ N>mÌ g^r
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&

n¥îR> 190 ~w{Õ àJʶ

Aä¶mgmW© àíZ 11. gm‘y{hH$ ~w{Õ-narjU gd©àW‘ {H$g Xoe ‘| Amaå^ hþAm?
(1) {~«Q>oZ (2) A‘o[aH$m
(3) O‘©Zr (4) ^maV

12. ~w{Õ Ho$ EH$ VÎd {gÕmÝV Ho$ à{VnmXH$ h¢-

1. ~w{Õ go ³¶m VmËn¶© h¡?
(1) {d{b¶‘ H$m°³g (2) {d{b¶‘ ñQ>Z©
(1) A‘yV© {dMmam| H$s ¶mo½¶Vm (2) kmZmO©Z H$s ¶mo½¶Vm
(3) {~Zo gmB‘Z (4) ñnr¶a‘¡Z
(3) H$m¶© H$aZo H$s ¶mo½¶Vm (4) Cnamo³V g^r
13. {ÛVÎd {gÕmÝV Ho$ à{VnmXH$ h¢-
2. ~w{Õ H$s à‘wI {deofVm h¡-
(1) Wm°Z©S>mBH$ (2) ñnr¶a‘¡Z
(1) OÝ‘OmV (2) A{O©V
(3) WñQ>©Z (4) H¡$br
(3) gm‘m{OH$ (4) ì¶p³VJV
14. ~hþVÎd {gÕmÝV Ho$ à{VnmXH$ h¢-
3. ~w{Õ H$m A{YH$V‘ {dH$mg hmoVm h¡-
(1) {~Zo (2) Q>‘©Z
(1) e¡edmdñWm ‘| (2) ~më¶mdñWm ‘|
(3) ñQ>Z© (4) WñQ>©Z
(3) {H$emoamdñWm ‘| (4) àm¡‹T>mdñWm ‘|
15. ~w{Õ-narjU go H$m¡Zgm Zm‘ gå~pÝYV h¡?
4. ’«$s‘¡Z Zo ~w{Õ Ho$ {H$VZo àH$ma ~VmE h¢?
(1) H«$mo Ed§ H«$mo (2) OmoÝg
(1) 1 (2) 2
(3) Eë’«o$S> {~Zo (4) am°g
(3) 3 (4) 4
16. {H$g ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ Zo g¥OZmË‘H$Vm H$mo gm‘mݶ ~w{Õ H$hm h¡?
5. ~w{Õ A‘yV© dñVwAm| Ho$ {df¶ ‘| gmoMZo H$s ¶mo½¶Vm h¡& ¶h n[a^mfm
(1) ~Q>© Zo (2) dZm}Z Zo
{H$gZo Xr h¡? (3) Oo³gZ Zo (4) H$moJZ Zo
(1) Wm°Z©S>mBH$ Zo (2) ‘¡³Sy>Jb Zo
(3) ~{‘ªK‘ Zo (4) Q>‘©Z Zo 17. ì¶p³V H$o Mohao H$mo XoIH$a CgH$s ~w{Õ H$m nVm bJm¶m Om gH$Vm h¡&
¶h H$WZ {H$gH$m h¡?
6. ~w{Õ nhMmZZo VWm grIZo H$s ep³V h¡& ¶h {H$gH$m H$WZ h¡?
(1) ñnO©hr‘ H$m (2) ~Q>© H$m
(1) ñQ>Z© H$m (2) {~Zo H$m
(3) Jm°b H$m (4) bodoQ>a H$m
(3) ‘mëQ>Z H$m (4) Q>‘©Z H$m
18. ~w{Õ {g’©$ EH$ gm‘mݶ VÎd go {Z{‘©V h¡& ¶h H$hm-
7. ~w{Õ, kmZ AO©Z H$aZo H$s j‘Vm h¡& ¶h H$WZ h¡-
(1) ñnr¶a‘¡Z Zo (2) Wm°Z©S>mBH$ Zo
(1) dwS>dW© H$m (2) Q>‘©Z H$m
(3) Eq~Jhm°g Zo (4) BZ‘| go H$moB© Zht
(3) dwS>amo {dëgZ H$m (4) am°g H$m
19. ~w{Õ ì¶p³V H$s gmd©^m¡{‘H$ j‘Vm h¡& ¶h n[a^mfm àñVwV H$aZo dmbo
8. ^maV ‘| ~w{Õ-narjU H$m Amaå^ hþAm-
(1) 1924 (2) 1927
‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ h¢-
(1) doíba (2) ’«$s‘¡Z
(3) 1922 (4) 1020
(3) ñnr¶a‘¡Z (4) BZ‘| go H$moB© Zht
9. ~w{Õ nhMmZ VWm A{YJ‘ H$s ep³V h¡& ¶h H$WZ {H$gH$m h¡?
(1) Q>‘©Z H$m
20. ~ww{Õ dh h¡, {OgH$m ‘mnZ ~w{Õ-narjUm| Ûmam {H$¶m OmVm h¡& ¶h
(2) JmëQ>Z H$m n[a^mfm àñVwV H$s h¡-
(3) {~ZoQ> H$m (1) Q>Z©b Zo (2) ’«$s‘¡Z Zo
(4) ñQ>Z© H$m (3) dZm}Z Zo (4) BZ‘| go H$moB© Zht

10. ~w{Õ narjUm| H$m OÝ‘XmVm H$hm OmVm h¡- 21. {~Zo Ho$ AZwgma ~w{Õ ‘| {Z{hV h¡-
(1) Wm°Z©S>mBH$ H$mo (2) gmB‘Z H$mo (1) kmZ (2) Am{dîH$ma
(3) {~Zo H$mo (4) ñnr¶a‘¡Z H$mo (3) {ZX}e d AmbmoMZm (4) ¶o g^r

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21.
(4) (1) (3) (4) (4) (3) (3) (4) (3) (3) (2) (2) (2) (4) (3) (1) (4) (4) (1) (2) (4)
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
àJʶ ~w{Õ n¥îR> 191

22. {ZåZ ‘| go H$m¡Z ‘yV© ~w{Õ H$m AÀN>m CXmhaU Zht h¡? 33. ~w{Õ gmnoj ê$n ‘| ZdrZ n[apñW{V¶m| ‘| A{^¶moOZ H$aZo H$s
(1) B§Or{Z¶a (2) ‘¡Ho${ZH$ OÝ‘OmV ¶mo½¶Vm h¡& ¶h H$WZ h¡-
(3) H$marJa (4) Xme©{ZH$ (1) ñQ>Z© H$m (2) {~Zo H$m
(3) ~Q>© H$m (4) ‘¡³Sy>Jb H$m
23. ~w{Õ Ho$ H«${‘H$ {dH$mg {gÕmÝV H$m OZH$ H$m¡Z h¡?
(1) Wm°‘gZ (2) Wm°Z©S>mBH$ 34. ~w{Õ bpãY Ho$ {bE {d{eîQ> lo¶ {H$g ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ H$mo OmVm h¡?
(3) ~Q>© Ed§ dZm}Z (4) ñnr¶a‘¡Z (1) {gJ‘oS>ar H$mo (2) ‘¡³Sy>Jb H$mo
(3) H$mohba H$mo (4) ñQ>Z© H$mo
24. {ZåZ ‘| go H$m¡Z A‘yV© ~w{Õ H$m AÀN>m CXmhaU Zht h¡?
(1) {MÌH$ma (2) gm{h˶H$ma 35. ~w{Õ bpãY (I.Q.) H$m à˶¶ {H$gZo {X¶m?
(3) H${d (4) ì¶dgm¶r (1) Q>‘©Z Zo (2) OS> Zo
(3) H¡${Q>b Zo (4) Wm°Z©S>mBH$ Zo
25. ‘mZ{gH$ Am¶w H$m à˶¶ {X¶m Wm-
(1) Q>‘©Z Zo (2) {~Zo Zo 36. hm°dS>© JmS>©Za H$m ~w{Õ H$m {gÕmÝV ........... na ~b XoVm h¡&
(3) ñnr¶a‘¡Z Zo (4) Wm°Z©S>mBH$ Zo (1) {ejm{W©¶m| ‘| AZw~pÝYV H$m¡ebm|
(2) gm‘mݶ ~w{Õ
26. g¥OZmË‘H$Vm H$m ~w{Õ go {ZåZ ‘| go ³¶m gå~ÝY h¡? (3) {dÚmb¶ ‘| Amdí¶H$ g‘mZ ¶mo½¶VmAm|
(1) ^oX (2) nyaH$Vm (4) à˶oH$ ì¶p³V H$s {dbjU ¶mo½¶VmAm|
(3) VmXmËå¶ (4) Cn¶w©³V g^r
37. ‘mo{hV H$s ~w{Õ amohZ H$s ~w{Õ go AÀN>r h¡, {OgH$m ‘w»¶ H$maU h¡-
27. H¡$br Zo ~w{Õ H$mo {H$VZo IÊS>m| ‘| {d^m{OV {H$¶m h¡? (1) dmVmdaU
(1) 5 IÊS>m| ‘| (2) 9 IÊS>m| ‘| (2) AmZwdm§{eH$Vm
(3) 4 IÊS>m| ‘| (4) 10 IÊS>m| ‘| (3) emar[aH$ J{VH$ ~w{Õ
(4) 1 d 2 XmoZm|
28. ~w{Õ Ho$ ‘mÌm {gÕmÝV Ho$ à{VnmXH$ h¢-
(1) Wm°Z©S>mBH$ (2) WñQ>©Z 38. EH$ ZV©H$ ‘| H$m¡Zgr ~w{Õ H$s àYmZVm hmoVr h¡?
(3) H¡$br (4) ñnr¶a‘¡Z (1) g§JrV ~w{Õ (2) ì¶p³VJV ~w{Õ
(3) emar[aH$-J{VH$ ~w{Õ (4) Vab-R>mog ~w{Õ
29. ~w{Õ Ho$ H$ëMa ’o$¶a Q>oñQ> Ho$ àXmVm h¡-
(1) aodZ (2) h¡båg 39. ~w{Õ H$m Vab ‘moOoH$ ‘m°S>b {H$gZo {X¶m Wm?
(3) O¡ZgZ (4) g^r (1) H¡$[Q>b Zo (2) {Jb’$moS>© Zo
30. ~w{Õ ‘| gm‘mݶ Ho$ gmW {d{eîQ> VÎd ^r hmoVm h¡& ¶h H$hm- (3) WñQ>©Z Zo (4) ñnr¶a‘¡Z Zo
(1) Aë’«o$S> {~Zo Zo (2) ñQ>Z© Zo 40. Omo ~w{Õ {gÕmÝV, ~w{Õ ‘| gpå‘{bV ‘mZ{gH$ à{H«$¶mAm| (O¡go-
(3) Q>‘©Z Zo (4) ñnr¶a‘¡Z Zo
nam-KQ>H$) Am¡a ~w{Õ Ûmam {bE Om gH$Zo dmbo {d{dY ê$nm| (O¡go-
31. Z¶m Am{dîH$ma, Z¶m {MÝVZ, Z¶r ¶moOZm Bgr ~w{Õ Ho$ ghmao hmoVm g¥OZmË‘H$ ~w{Õ) H$mo em{‘b H$aVm h¡, dh h¡-
h¡- (1) ñnr¶a‘¡Z H$m g H$maH$
(1) A‘yV© ~w{Õ (2) ñQ>Z©~J© H$m ~w{Õ‘Vm H$m {ÌVÝÌ {gÕmÝV
(2) ‘yV© ~w{Õ (3) ~w{Õ H$m gmdoÝQ> {gÕmÝV
(3) Jm‘H$ ~w{Õ (4) Wg©Q>Z H$s àmW{‘H$ ‘mZ{gH$ ¶mo½¶VmE±
(4) Cnamo³V g^r
41. ........... Ho$ A{V[ap³V ~w{Õ Ho$ {ZåZ{b{IV njm| H$mo ñQ>Z©~J© Ho$
32. Wm°Z©S>mBH$ Ho$ AZwgma- {ÌVÝÌ {gÕmÝV ‘| gå~mo{YV {H$¶m J¶m h¡-
(1) ~w{Õ A‘yV© h¡& (2) ~w{Õ ‘yV© h¡& (1) gÝX^©JV (2) Ad¶d^yV
(3) ~w{Õ ¶mpÝÌH$ h¡& (4) Cnamo³V g^r (3) gm‘m{OH$ (4) AmZw^{dH$

22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41
(4) (3) (4) (2) (1) (2) (1) (1) (4) (1) (4) (3) (4) (1) (4) (4) (3) (1) (2) (3)
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&

n¥îR> 192 ~w{Õ àJʶ

42. aodZ H$m àmoJ«o{gd ‘¡{Q´>{gO narjU ........... narjU H$m CXmhaU h¡& (1) ~w{Õ Am¡a OmVr¶ {d{^ÝZVmAm|
(1) ‘m¡{IH$ ~w{Õ-bãYm§H$ (2) ~w{Õ Ho$ {dVaU
(2) g§ñH¥${V-‘w³V ~w{Õ-bãYm§H$ (3) ~w{Õ H$s d¥{Õ
(3) g‘yh ~w{Õ-bãYm§H$ (4) ~w{Õ Am¡a b¢{JH$ {d{^ÝZVmAm|
(4) ì¶p³VËd
50. ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ Aë’«o$S> {~Zo Ed§ CgHo$ gmWr gmB‘Z Zo ~w{Õ Ho$ ‘mnZ
43. ¶{X ì¶p³V Zo AnZo dmVmdaU go gm‘§Oñ¶ H$aZm grI {b¶m h¡ ¶m Ho$ AmYma Ho$ {bE {H$go gdm©{YH$ Cn¶w³V nm¶m?
grI gH$Vm h¡, Vmo Cg‘| ~w{Õ h¡& ~w{Õ H$s ¶h n[a^mfm {H$gZo Xr? (1) ~ÀMm| H$s ê${M H$mo
(1) Wm°Z©S>mBH$ Zo (2) am¶~Z© Zo (2) ~ÀMm| Ho$ {ZU©¶, ñ‘¥{V, VH©$ Ed§ Am§{H$H$r¶ O¡go ‘mZ{gH$ H$m¶m] H$mo
(3) H$m°b{dZ Zo (4) Wm°‘gZ Zo (3) ~ÀMm| H$s emar[aH$ j‘Vm H$mo
(4) Cnamo³V ‘| go H$moB© Zht
44. 16 dfu¶ ~ÀMm ~w{Õ-bpãY narjU ‘| 75 A§H$ àmßV H$aVm h¡,
CgH$s ‘mZ{gH$ Am¶w ........... df© hmoJr& 51. ¶{X {H$gr ~mbH$ H$s ‘mZ{gH$ Am¶w 12 df© Ed§ dmñV{dH$ Am¶w 10
(1) 15 (2) 12 df© hmo, Vmo CgH$m ~w{Õ-bãYm§H$ {H$VZm hmoJm?
(3) 8 (4) 13 (1) 120 (2) 100
(3) 124 (4) 130
45. ~w{Õ-bãYm§H$ Ho$ AmYma na {d{^ÝZ g‘yhm| ‘| {dÚm{W©¶m| H$m dJuH$aU
CZH$s ñd-J[a‘m H$mo ........... h¡ Am¡a CZHo$ e¡j{UH$ {ZînmXZ H$mo 52. Amn AmR>dt H$jm Ho$ AܶmnH$ h¢& Amn Bg H$jm Ho$ EH$ N>mÌ H$m
............ h¡& ~w{Õ-bãYm§H$ 130 go A{YH$ nmVo h¢, Vmo BgH$m AW© h¡ {H$ dh
(1) ~‹T>mVm; KQ>mVm (2) ~‹T>mVm; ~‹T>mVm ........... ~mbH$ h¡&
(3) KQ>mVm; KQ>mVm (4) KQ>mVm; à^m{dV Zht H$aVm (1) ‘ÝX ~w{Õ (2) Am¡gV ~w{Õ
(3) A{V loîR> ~w{Õ (4) gm‘mݶ ~w{Õ
46. Vm{H©$H$ J{UVr¶ ~w{Õ ........... go gå~pÝYV h¡&
(1) {Û-H$maH$ {gÕmÝV 53. {n¶mOo Zo ~w{Õ H$mo {H$gHo$ à{V g‘m¶moOZ-¶mo½¶Vm Ho$ ê$n ‘|
(2) g‘yh H$maH$ {gÕmÝV n[a^m{fV {H$¶m h¡?
(3) nXmZwH«${‘H$ {gÕmÝV (1) ^m¡{VH$ Ed§ gm‘m{OH$ n¶m©daU
(4) ~hþ~w{Õ {gÕmÝV (2) OÝ‘OmV d¥{Õ
(3) n[adma H$s ‘m±J
47. EH$ {e{jH$m AnZo {ejm{W©¶m| H$s {d{^ÝZ A{YJ‘-e¡{b¶m| H$mo (4) H$m¶©-OrdZ H$s ‘m±J
gÝVwîQ> H$aZo Ho$ {bE d¡{dܶnyU© H$¶m] H$m Cn¶moJ H$aVr h¡& dh
........... go à^m{dV h¡& 54. ~w{Õ Ho$ gÝX^© ‘| {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgm H$WZ g˶ h¡?
(1) {n¶mOo Ho$ g§kmZmË‘H$ {dH$mg Ho$ {gÕmÝV 1. ~w{Õ ZdrZ n¶m©daU Ho$ gmW g‘m¶moOZ H$s ¶mo½¶Vm h¡&
(2) H$moh²b~J© Ho$ Z¡{VH$ {dH$mg Ho$ {gÕmÝV 2. ~w{Õ grIZo H$s ¶mo½¶Vm h¡&
(3) JmS>©Za Ho$ ~hþ~w{Õ {gÕmÝV 3. ~w{Õ A‘yV© {MÝVZ H$s ¶mo½¶Vm h¡&
(4) dmBJmoËñH$s Ho$ gm‘m{OH$-gm§ñH¥${VH$ {gÕmÝV (1) Ho$db 1 (2) Ho$db 2
(3) 1 Ed§ 3 (4) ¶o g^r
48. ~hþ{dY ~w{Õ {gÕmÝV Ho$ AZwgma g^r àH$ma Ho$ newAm|, I{ZOm|
Am¡a no‹S>-nm¡Ym| H$mo nhMmZZo Am¡a dJuH¥$V H$aZo H$s ¶mo½¶Vm ........... 55. ~w{Õ ì¶p³V H$s dh g‘wÀM¶ ¶m gmd©^m¡{‘H$ j‘Vm h¡, Omo Cgo
H$hbmVr h¡& CÔoí¶nyU© {H«$¶m H$aZo, VH©$nyU© {MÝVZ H$aZo VWm dmVmdaU Ho$ gmW
(1) Vm{H©$H$-J{UVr¶ ~w{Õ (2) àmH¥${VH$ ~w{Õ à^mdnyU© g‘m¶moOZ ‘| ghm¶Vm H$aVr h¡& ¶h H$WZ {H$gH$m h¡?
(3) ^m{fH$ ~w{Õ (4) ñWm{ZH$ ~w{Õ (1) doíba H$m
(2) h¡da Ed§ ’«$mBS> H$m
49. A{YH$m§e ì¶p³V¶m| H$s ~w{Õ Am¡gV hmoVr h¡, ~hþV H$‘ bmoJ à{V^m- (3) WñQ>©Z H$m
gånÝZ hmoVo h¢ Am¡a ~hþV H$‘ ì¶p³V ‘ÝX ~w{Õ Ho$ hmoVo h¢& ¶h H$WZ (4) Q>‘©Z H$m
........... Ho$ à{VñWm{nV {gÕmÝV na AmYm[aV h¡&
42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55.
(2) (3) (2) (4) (4) (3) (2) (2) (2) (1) (3) (1) (4) (1)
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
àJʶ ~w{Õ n¥îR> 193

56. ~w{Õ-bãYm§H$ àmßV H$aZo H$m ghr gyÌ h¡- 64. {nN>‹S>m ~mbH$ dh h¡, Omo AnZo nmR>embr OrdZ Ho$ ‘ܶ (10-11
(1) ‘mZ{gH$ Am¶w/H$mbmZwH«${‘H$ Am¶w 100 df©) ‘| AnZr Am¶w Ho$ AZwê$n gm‘mݶ H$jm Ho$ ZrMo H$s H$jm H$m
(2) H$mbmZwH«${‘H$ Am¶w/‘mZ{gH$ Am¶w 100 H$m¶© Z H$a gHo$& ¶h H$WZ {H$gH$m h¡?
(3) ‘mZ{gH$ Am¶w/H$mbmZwH«${‘H$ Am¶w 125 (1) {g[ab ~Q>© H$m (2) Q>‘©Z H$m
(4) H$mbmZwH«${‘H$ Am¶w/‘mZ{gH$ Am¶w 125 (3) Q>oba H$m (4) ‘ma§{Q>g H$m
57. a‘oe Am¡a A§{H$V H$s g‘mZ ~w{Õ-bpãY 120 h¡& a‘oe A§{H$V go Xmo 65. EH$ {e{jH$m H$m ^mdZmnyd©H$ ~w{ÕbãYm§H$ D±$Mm h¡& BgH$m VmËn¶©
df© N>moQ>m h¡& ¶{X A§{H$V H$s C‘« 12 df© hmo, Vmo a‘oe H$s ‘mZ{gH$ h¡ {H$-
Am¶w hmoJr- (1) dh CÀM ~w{Õdmbr h¡&
(1) 9 df© (2) 10 df© (2) dh CÀM AZwemgZ{චh¡&
(3) 12 df© (4) 14 df© (3) dh hmg-n[ahmg dmbr h¡&
(4) dh gÝVw{bV ì¶dhma aIVr h¡&
58. ~w{Õ H$m H$m¡Zgm {gÕmÝV gm‘mݶ ~w{Õ g d [d{eîQ> ~w{Õ s H$s
CnpñW{V H$m g‘W©Z H$aVm h¡? 66. {Zîn{Îm bpãY (A.Q.) H$m gyÌ hmoVm h¡-
(1) {Z¶‘ à{VHy$b {gÕmÝV (1) A.Q. = M.A. # 100 (2) A.Q. = C.A. # 100
C.A. E.A.
(2) {Jb’$moS>© H$m ~w{Õ H$m {gÕmÝV
(3) ñnr¶a‘¡Z H$m {ÛIÊS> {gÕmÝV (3) A.Q. = E.A. # 100 (4) A.Q. = E.A. # 100
C.A. M.A.
(4) dZm}Z H$m nXmZwH«${‘H$ {gÕmÝV
67. Ama. ~r. H¡$Q>b H$s Vab ~w{Õ Vwë¶ h¡-
59. ~w{Õ bpãY Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘| ³¶m g˶ h¡? (1) d§emZwJV H$maH$m| Ho$ (2) n¶m©daUr¶ H$maH$m| Ho$
(1) ~m¡{ÕH$ Am¶w go ì¶wËH«$‘r gå~pÝYV (3) ~m¡{ÕH$ H$maH$m| Ho$ (4) gm‘m{OH$ H$maH$m| Ho$
(2) H$mbmZwH«${‘H$ Am¶w go à˶j gå~pÝYV
(3) H$mbmZwH«${‘H$ Am¶w go ì¶wËH«$‘r gå~pÝYV 68. AÝVd£¶p³VH$ ~w{Õ go VmËn¶© h¡-
(4) ~m¡{ÕH$ VWm H$mbmZwH«${‘H$ Am¶w XmoZm| go à˶j gå~pÝYV (1) ñd¶§ H$s j‘VmAm| Ed§ H$‘Omo[a¶m| H$s nhMmZ H$aZm
(2) Xÿgam| H$mo A{^ào[aV H$aZo H$m H$m¡eb
60. gVV² Am¡a ì¶mnH$ ‘yë¶m§§H$Z H$s ¶moOZm ‘| ì¶mnH$ eãX .......... Ho$ (3) {d{^ÝZ ì¶p³V¶m| H$mo g‘PZo H$m H$m¡eb
Abmdm {ZåZ{b{IV Ho$ Ûmam g‘{W©V {H$¶m OmVm h¡- (4) Xÿgam| Ho$ gmW ~mVMrV H$aZo H$m ’¡$gbm
(1) ~hþ~w{Õ {gÕmÝV
(2) gyMZm àH«$‘U {gÕmÝV 69. ñd¶§ H$s ^mdZmAm| VWm g§doJm| H$mo {Z¶pÝÌV H$aZo go gå~pÝYV ~w{Õ
(3) Oo. nr. {Jb’$moS>© H$m ~w{Õ-g§MaZm H$m {gÕmÝV H$mo ³¶m H$hm OmVm h¡?
(4) Eb. Eb. WñQ>©Z H$m àmW{‘H$ ‘mZ[gH$ ¶mo½¶VmAm| H$m {gÕmÝV (1) ^mfm¶r ~w{Õ (2) AÝVd£¶p³VH$ ~w{Õ
(3) ñWm{ZH$ ~w{Õ (4) d¡¶p³VH$ ~w{Õ
61. emar[aH$ J{VH$ ~w{Õ aIZo dmbo ~ÀMo H$s ApÝV‘ AdñWm {ZåZ{b{IV
‘| go H$m¡Zgr hmo gH$Vr h¡? 70. AÝVd£¶p³VH$ ~w{Õ H$mo àX{e©V H$aZo dmbm ì¶dhma h¡-
(1) dmMH$ (2) amOZr{VH$ ZoVm (1) Xÿgao Ho$ AÝV‘©Z H$s BÀN>mAm| Ed§ ‘§em H$m nVm bJmZm
(3) eë¶ {M{H$ËgH$ (4) H${d (2) Xÿgao Ho$ ‘yS> H$mo ^m±n OmZm
(3) {‘bVo-OwbVo g§doJm| ¶Wm CXmgr Ed§ nN>Vmdo ‘| ^oX H$a nmZm
62. {g[ab ~Q>© Ho$ AZwgma {nN>‹S>o ~mbH$m| H$s ~w{Õ bpãY hmoVr h¡- (4) Xÿgam| H$o {dMmam| Ed§ ì¶dhmam| H$mo à^m{dV H$aZo Ho$ {bE CZgo gå~pÝYV
(1) 120 go A{YH$ (2) 85 go H$‘ OmZH$mar H$m Cn¶moJ H$aZm
(3) 120 go H$‘ (4) BZ‘| go H$moB© Zht
71. {ZåZ ‘o§ go H$m¡Zgm H$WZ ~w{Õ Ho$ ~mao ‘| g˶ Zht h¡?
63. à{V^membr ~mbH$m| ‘| {ZåZ {deofVm hmoVr h¡- (1) ¶h EH$ ì¶p³V H$s ‘mZ{gH$ j‘Vm h¡&
(1) A{YH$ ‘hÎdmH$m§jm (2) ~w{ÕbpãY 110 go A{YH$ (2) ¶h gm‘§Oñ¶/ AZwHy$bZ ñWm{nV H$aZo ‘| ghm¶H$ h¡&
(3) {dñV¥V eãXH$moe (4) BZ‘| go g^r (3) ¶h ì¶dhma H$s JwUdÎmm go Am±H$s OmVr h¡&
(4) ¶h ñWm¶r Ed§ An[adV©Zerb {deofVm h¡&

56. 57. 58. 59. 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 67. 68. 69. 70. 71.
(1) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (4) (4) (2) (4) (1) (1) (1) (4) (4)
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&

n¥îR> 194 ~w{Õ àJʶ

72. {Jb’$moS>© Zo {H$VZr ‘m¡{bH$ ‘mZ{gH$ ¶mo½¶VmAm| Ho$ AmYma na ~w{Õ H$s 81. ~w{Õ Ho$ {dH$mg ‘| d§emZwH«$‘ H$s Anojm dmVmdaU H$m à^md A{YH$
g§aMZm H$m dU©Z {H$¶m h¡? n‹S>Vm h¡& ¶h H$WZ-
(1) EH$ (2) Xmo (1) g˶ h¡& (2) Ag˶ h¡&
(3) VrZ (4) Mma (3) AÕ©g˶ h¡& (4) H$mën{ZH$ h¡&

73. {H$g ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ Zo gd©àW‘ à¶moJembm ImobH$a ~w{Õ-narjU Ho$ 82. ‘ÝX-~w{Õ ~mbH$ H$s ~w{Õ-bpãY hmoVr h¡-
H$m¶© H$mo d¡km{ZH$ AmYma àXmZ {H$¶m? (1) 75 go 120 (2) 120 go A{YH$
(1) JmëQ>Z Zo (2) dwÊQ> Zo (3) 60 go H$‘ (4) 60 go A{YH$
(3) H¡$Q>b Zo (4) Eq~Jhm°g Zo
83. à{V^membr ~mbH$ H$s ~w{Õ-bpãY {H$VZr hmoVr h¡?
74. gm‘y{hH$ ~w{Õ-narjU H$s ³¶m gr‘m h¡? (1) 130 go D$na (2) 120 go D$na
(1) Bg‘| dñVw{ZîR>Vm ~hþV H$‘ h¡& (3) 140 go D$na (4) 150 go D$na
(2) Bg‘| EH$ hr ~mbH$ H$m narjU hmo gH$Vm h¡&
(3) Bg‘§o g‘¶ d YZ A{YH$ 춶 hmoVm h¡& 84. {nN>‹S>o hþE ~mbH$ H$s ~w{Õ-bpãY {H$VZo go H$‘ hmoVr h¡?
(4) Bg‘| narjH$ H$m à¶moÁ¶ go ì¶p³VJV gå~ÝY ñWm{nV Zht hmo gH$Vm& (1) 70 go H$‘ (2) 85 go H$‘
(3) 80 go H$‘ (4) 100 go H$‘
75. 70 go 80 VH$ H$s ~w{ÕbpãY dmbo ~mbH$ H$mo Q>‘©Z Zo {H$g Zm‘ go
85. ~w{Õ H$mo ñWyb, A‘yV© Ed§ gm‘m{OH$ Zm‘H$ VrZ àH$mam| ‘o§ {H$gZo
nwH$mam h¡?
(1) ‘yI© (2) hrZ~w{Õ ~m±Q>m h¡-
(3) ‘ÝX~w{Õ (4) jrU~w{Õ (1) Q>‘©Z Zo (2) ñQ>Z© Zo
(3) Wm°Z©S>mBH$ Zo (4) ñnr¶a‘¡Z Zo
76. {H$g ‘Zmodk
¡ m{ZH$ Zo ~w{Õ H$mo gmV à‘wI ¶mo½¶VmAm| H$m g‘yh ~Vm¶m h¡?
(1) ñnr¶a‘¡Z H$m (2) WñQ>©Z H$m 86. ~w{Õ Ho$ {Û-VÎd {gÕmÝV Ho$ AZwgma ì¶{³V H$s ~w{Õ H$m {d{eîQ> VÎd-
(3) Wm°Z©S>mBH$ H$m (4) Q>‘©Z H$m (1) OÝ‘OmV hmoVm h¡&
(2) A{O©V {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡&
77. gZ² 1910 ‘| gd©àW‘ {H$gZo J{UV H$s ~w{Õ narjm gånm{XV H$s? (3) g^r ~w{Õ‘mZ ì¶p³V¶m| ‘| g‘mZ ê$n go nm¶m OmVm h¡&
(1) H$mo{Q>©g Zo (2) gmo{Q>©g Zo (4) BZ‘| go H$moB© Zht&
(3) H¡$Q>b Zo (4) {~Zo Zo
87. ~w{Õ Ho$ {Ì-VÎd {gÕmÝV ‘| ñnr¶a‘¡Z Zo Vrgam VÎd (Omo BÝhm|Zo
78. ~w{ÕbpãY Am¡a ^mfm gå~ÝYr ¶mo½¶Vm ‘| K{ZîR> gå~ÝY hmoVm h¡& ¶h AnZo {Û-VÎd {gÕmÝV ‘| Zht ~Vm¶m Wm) Omo‹S>m-
{dMma {H$gH$m h¡? (1) gm‘mݶ VÎd (2) {d{eîQ> VÎd
(1) bm°dob VWm ‘maHo$b H$m (3) g‘yh VÎd (4) EH$b VÎd
(2) ñnmB©H$a VWm B{d©Z H$m
(3) {’$ea VWm ¶å~m H$m 88. ~mbH$ àg§J~moY narjU 3 df© go 10 df© H$s Am¶w Ho$ ~mbH$m| Ho$
(4) Q>‘©Z H$m {bE ~Zm¶m J¶m h¡& Bg narjU ‘| H$mS>© ‘| à{VñWm{nV {H$¶m J¶m h¡-
(1) gOrd dñVwAm| Ho$ ñWmZ na {ZOud dñVwAm| H$mo
79. ~w{Õ H$s g§aMZm ‘| ‘yb ê$n go Xmo H$maH$ {Z{hV hmoVo h¢? ¶h H$WZ (2) bmoJm| Ho$ ñWmZ na OmZdam| H$mo
{H$gH$m h¡? (3) nwê$fm| Ho$ ñWmZ na ‘{hbmAm| H$mo
(1) ñnr¶a‘¡Z H$m (2) WñQ>©Z H$m (4) d¶ñH$m| Ho$ ñWmZ na ~mbH$m| H$mo
(3) JmS>©Za H$m (4) {Jb’$moS>© H$m
89. EH$ ~mbH$ {OgH$s ~w{ÕbpãY 105 h¡, Cgo dJuH¥$V {H$¶m OmEJm-
80. g~go nhbm ~w{Õ-narjU 1905 ‘| ~Zm¶m J¶m Wm& Bgo {H$gZo (1) loîR> ~w{Õ
~Zm¶m Wm? (2) gm‘mݶ go A{YH$ ~w{Õ
(1) Q>‘©Z Ed§ {~Zo Zo (2) doíba Ed§ AW©a Zo (3) gm‘mݶ ~w{Õ
(3) gmB‘Z Ed§ doíba Zo (4) {~Zo Ed§ gmB‘Z Zo (4) ‘ÝX ~w{Õ

72. 73. 74. 75. 76. 77. 78. 79. 80. 81. 82. 83. 84. 85. 86. 87. 88. 89.
(3) (2) (4) (2) (2) (2) (2) (1) (4) (1) (3) (3) (3) (3) (2) (3) (2) (3)
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
àJʶ ~w{Õ n¥îR> 195

90. hm°dS>© JmS>©Za Ûmam {ZåZ ‘| go EH$ H$mo N>mo‹S>H$a ~mH$s g^r ~w{Õ Ho$ 98. Ohm± àíZm| H$m ñdê$n eãXm| ‘| hmo, dh ~w{Õ narjU Bg àH$ma H$m
àH$ma ~VmE JE h¢- hmoJm-
(1) ^mfm (2) g¥OZmË‘H$Vm (1) empãXH$ ~w{Õ narjU (2) AempãXH$ ~w{Õ narjU
(3) AÝV…d£¶p³VH$ H$m¡eb (4) ~mø d¡¶p³VH$ H$m¡eb (3) J{V ~w{Õ narjU (4) BZ‘| go H$moB© Zht

91. ~w{Õ-bãYm§H$ gm‘mݶV… ............ ê$n go e¡j{UH$ {ZînmXZ go 99. ep³V ~w{Õ narjU H$s {deofVm h¡-
gå~{ÝYV hmoVo h¢& (1) àíZm| H$m H${R>ZmB© ñVa gm‘mݶ
(1) H$‘ go H$‘ (2) nyU© (2) àíZm| H$m H${R>ZmB© ñVa ~‹T>Vm OmVm h¡
(3) CÀM (4) ‘ܶ‘ (3) ~w{Õ H$m gå~ÝY àíZm| H$mo hb H$aZoo H$s J{V h¡
(4) Cnamo³V g^r
92. 60 {‘ZQ> ‘| AmnH$mo 60 àíZm| Ho$ CÎma XoZo h¢& Amn {H$VZo A{YH$
go A{YH$ àíZm| Ho$ CÎma Xo nmE, ¶o ~w{Õ narjU h¢- 100. Am‘u Aë’$m narjU EH$ narjU h¡-
(1) ep³V ~w{Õ narjU (2) J{V ~w{Õ narjU (1) empãXH$ gm‘y{hH$ (2) AempãXH$ ì¶p³VJV
(3) empãXH$ ~w{Õ narjU (4) BZ‘| go H$moB© Zht (3) empãXH$ ì¶p³VJV (4) AempãXH$ gm‘y{hH$

93. EH$ ~mbH$ ¶ÝÌm| d ‘erZm| ‘| ê${M boVm h¡& AnZr {Ibm¡Zm H$ma H$mo 101. empãXH$ d¡¶p³VH$ ~w{Õ narjU h¡-
ImobH$a XoIVm h¡& CgHo$ AÝXa ~w{Õ H$m H$m¡Zgm àH$ma {dÚ‘mZ h¡? (1) eãXm| Ûmam EH$ ì¶p³V H$s narjm
(1) ‘yV© ~w{Õ (2) gm‘m{OH$ ~w{Õ (2) {MÌm| Ûmam EH$ ì¶p³V H$s narjm
(3) A‘yV© ~w{Õ (4) BZ‘| go H$moB© Zht (3) eãXm| Ûmam g‘yh H$s narjm
(4) Cnamo³V g^r
94. dV©‘mZ g‘¶ ‘| ~w{Õ H$m ‘mnZ ³¶m| Amdí¶H$ h¡?
(1) {nN>‹S>o ~mbH$m| Ho$ MwZmd hoVw 102. empãXH$ ~w{Õ narjU H$s {deofVm Zht-
(2) ^mdr g’$bVm Ho$ kmZ hoVw (1) nX ¶m àíZm| Ho$ ^mfm H$m à¶moJ
(3) ~mbH$m| Ho$ dJuH$aU hoVw (2) CÎma ^mfm Ho$ ‘mܶ‘ go
(4) Cnamo³V g^r (3) n‹T>m-{bIm hmoZm ¶m ^mfm H$m kmZ Amdí¶H$ Zht
(4) BZ‘| go H$moB© Zhr
95. I.Q. H$m gyÌ h¡-
103. gm‘y{hH$ ~w{Õ narjU H$s {deofVm h¡-
(1) M.A. # 100 (2) C.A. # 100 (1) EH$ g‘¶ ‘| A{YH$ bmoJm| H$s narjm
C.A. M.A.
(2) ~‹S>o ~mbH$m| d d¶ñH$m| Ho$ {bE Cn¶w³V
(3) E.A. # 100 (4) BZ‘| go H$moB© Zht (3) H$‘ g‘¶, H$‘ YZ H$s Amdí¶H$Vm
C.A.
(4) Cnamo³V g^r
96. H$jm ‘| EH$ ~mbH$ AnZo gm{W¶m| H$s Anojm ha nmR> H$mo g~go Vrd«Vm 104. ~w{Õ EH$ ‘mZ{gH$ ¶mo½¶Vm h¡-
go n‹T>Vm d g‘PVm h¡& g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ A{ÛVr¶$VarHo$ go H$aVm h¡ 1 grIZo Ed§ g‘PZo H$s 2 g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ H$s
BgH$s gå^m{dV I.Q. hmoJr- 3 {MÝVZ H$s 4 dmVmdaU ‘| g‘m¶moOZ H$s
(1) 140 go A{YH$ Hy$Q>-
(2) 81 go 90 (1) Ho$db 1 ghr h¡& (2) Ho$db 2 ghr h¡&
(3) 91 go 110 (3) 1 Am¡a 3 ghr h¢& (4) 1 go 4 g^r ghr h¢&
(4) BZ‘o§ go H$moB© Zht
105. {Jb’$moS>© Zo ~w{Õ H$m H$m¡Zgm {gÕmÝV àñVwV {H$¶m h¡?
97. H$jm ‘| gm‘mݶ CnbpãY dmbm ~mbH$ {OgH$s ~w{ÕbpãY Am¡gV h¡, (1) {df¶ dñVw à{H«$¶mE± {gÕmÝV
CgH$m I.Q. h¡- (2) {Ì{d‘r¶ {gÕmÝV
(1) 91 go 110 (2) 71 go 80 (3) ñQ´>³Ma Am°’$ BÝQ>b¡³Q>
(3) 111 go 120 (4) 71 go H$‘ (4) Cn¶w©³V g^r

90. 91. 92. 93. 94. 95. 96. 97. 98. 99. 100. 101. 102. 103. 104. 105.
(2) (3) (2) (1) (2) (1) (1) (1) (1) (2) (1) (1) (3) (4) (3) (4)
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&

n¥îR> 196 ~w{Õ àJʶ

106. {e{jV ì¶p³V¶m| Ho$ g‘yh H$m ~w{Õ narjU H$aZo Ho$ {b¶o {ZåZ ‘| go 114. ~w{Õ dhr h¡, {OgH$m ~w{Õ-narjU ‘mnZ H$aVo h¢& ¶h H$WZ {H$g
{H$g narjU H$m à¶moJ {H$¶m OmVm h¡? ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ H$m h¡?
(1) empãXH$ gm‘y{hH$ ~w{Õ narjU H$m (1) ~Q>© H$m (2) Q>‘©Z H$m
(2) empãXH$ ì¶p³VJV ~w{Õ narjU H$m (3) Eq~Jhm°g H$m (4) ’«$s‘¡Z H$m
(3) AempãXH$ gm‘y{hH$ ~w{Õ narjU H$m
(4) AempãXH$ ì¶p³VJV ~w{Õ narjU H$m 115. 1908 Ho$ {~Zo-gmB‘Z ~w{Õ narjU go {H$g Am¶w dJ© Ho$ ~mbH$m| H$s
~w{Õ H$s narjm H$s JB©?
107. ~w{Õ H$m ’$m°‘© ~mooS>© narjU (Form Board Test of Intelligence) (1) 1 go 16 df©
H$m {Z‘m©U {ZåZ ‘| go {H$gZo {H$¶m? (2) 3 go 13 df©
(1) ‘¡[ab-nm‘a Zo (2) goJwBZ Ed§ JmoS>mS>© Zo (3) 2 go 10 df©
(3) d¡íba-d¡bì¶y Zo (4) {~Zo-gmB‘Z Zo (4) 1 go 20 df©

108. H¡$Q>b Ûmam {Z{‘©V ~w{Õ narjU H$m Zm‘ h¡- 116. Q>‘©Z Zo ~w{Õ H$mo ³¶m ‘mZm h¡?
(1) H¡$[Q>b {g³gQ>rZ nr. E’$. (1) g‘m¶moOZ H$s ¶mo½¶Vm
(2) H¡$[Q>b H$ëMa ’«$s Q>oñQ> Am°’$ BÝQ>obrOoÝg (2) A‘yV© {MÝVZ H$s ¶mo½¶Vm
(3) H¡$[Q>b H$ëMa ’o$Aa Q>oñQ> Am°’$ BÝQ>obrOoÝg (3) grIZo H$s ¶mo½¶Vm
(4) H¡$[Q>b H$ëMa Epå~S>oS> Q>oñQ> (4) Cn¶w©³V ‘| H$moB© Zht

109. ^mfm¶w³V ~w{Õ narjUm| H$mo ³¶m H$hVo h¢? 117. Eogo ~w{Õ-narjU, {OZ‘| bH$‹S>r Ho$ JwQ>H$m| B˶m{X H$m à¶moJ H$aHo$
(1) {ZînmXZ ~w{Õ narjU ~w{Õ narjU {H$¶m OmVm h¡, Cgo {H$g Zm‘ go OmZm OmVm h¡?
(2) empãXH$ ~w{Õ narjU (1) àjonr narjU
(3) AempãXH$ narjU (2) {ZînmXZ narjU
(4) àjonr narjU (3) {MÌ narjU
(4) Cn¶w©³V g^r
110. {ZåZ ‘| go e¡{jH$ bpãY (Achievement Quotient) H$m gyÌ
H$m¡Zgm h¡? 118. {dÚmb¶m| ‘| N>mÌm| H$s ~w{Õ kmV H$aZo H$m à‘wI CÔoí¶ hmoVm h¡-
(1) ‘mZ{gH$ Am¶w/e¡{jH$ Am¶w  100 (1) ‘mVm-{nVm H$mo CZHo$ ~mbH$m| H$s gr‘mAm| H$m kmZ àXmZ H$aZm
(2) e¡{jH$ Am¶w/dmñV{dH$ Am¶w  100 (2) N>mÌm| Ho$ AZwHy$b à˶memE± H$aZm
(3) e¡{jH$ Am¶w/‘mZ{gH$ Am¶w  100 (3) N>mÌm| H$mo {ZXmZmË‘H$ nam‘e© àXmZ H$aZm
(4) Cn¶w©³V ‘| go H$moB© Zht (4) N>mÌm| Ho$ ‘hÎdmH$m§jm ñVa H$mo ~‹T>mZm

111. ~w{Õ H$s AdYmaUm H$mo g‘PZo hoVw {Jb’$moS>© Zo {H$g AdYmaUm H$m 119. Ebo³OoÊS>a H$m {ZînmXZ ~w{Õ narjU {H$g Zm‘ go OmZm OmVm h¡?
à¶moJ {H$¶m Wm? (1) ’$m°‘© ~moS>© narjU
(1) H$ÝQ>oÝQ> (2) àmoS>³Q> (2) ãbm°H$ {S>OmBZ narjU
(3) Ama Am°naoeZ (4) ¶o g^r (3) àmoJ«o{gd ‘¡{Q´>goO
(4) nmg Ebm±J narjU
112. ~w{Õ narjU H$s Cn¶mo{JVm h¡-
(1) g‘ñ¶mJ«ñV ~mbH$m| Ho$ gwYma ‘| 120. S´>m E ‘¡Z narjU ‘ybV… {H$gHo$ Ûmam {Z{‘©V h¡?
(2) gdm}Îm‘ ~mbH$ Ho$ MwZmd ‘| (1) Ebo³OoÊS>a Ûmam (2) H$moh Ûmam
(3) 1 Am¡a 2 XmoZm| ‘| (3) JwS>EZ’$ Ûmam (4) ^m{Q>¶m Ûmam
(4) BZ‘| go H$moB© Zht
121. {ZåZm§{H$V ‘| go {H$g ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ Zo H$maH$-{díbofU Ho$ AmYma na
113. {~Zo gmB‘Z H$s ~w{Õ narjU {d{Y {H$VZo df© Ho$ ~mbH$m| Ho$ {bE Wr? ~w{Õ-{gÕmÝV H$m {ddoMZ {H$¶m h¡?
(1) 5 go 15 df© (2) 3 go 15 df© (1) {~Zo Zo (2) WñQ>©Z Zo
(3) 2 go 12 df© (4) 4 go 11 df© (3) ñnr¶a‘¡Z Zo (4) {n¶mOo Zo

106. 107. 108. 109. 110. 111. 112. 113. 114. 115. 116. 117. 118. 119. 120. 121.
(1) (2) (3) (2) (2) (4) (3) (2) (4) (2) (2) (2) (2) (4) (3) (2)
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
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àJʶ ~w{Õ n¥îR> 197

122. EH$ {ejH$ Ho$ {bE N>mÌ H$s ~w{Õ bpãY H$s Cn¶mo{JVm h¡- 129. àemgZ Ho$ AmYma na ~w{Õ narjUm| Ho$ àH$ma h¢-
(1) N>mÌ H$s CÝZ{V H$aZo ‘| (1) 2 (2) 3
(2) N>mÌ go e¡{jH$ à˶mem H$m ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$aZo ‘| (3) 5 (4) BZ‘| go H$moB© Zht
(3) N>mÌm| H$s J«oS> à{VñWmnZ ‘|
(4) nmR²>¶H«$‘ Ho$ àH$aUm| H$mo gw{ZpíMV H$aZo ‘| 130. ~w{Õ‘Vm {H$g Am¶w VH$ ~‹T>Vr h¡?
(1) 18 df© VH$ (2) 20 df© VH$
123. ‘mZ{gH$ Am¶w ‘mn hmoVr h¡- (3) 25 df© VH$ (4) OrdZ ^a
(1) ‘mZ{gH$ n[an³dVm H$r
(2) ‘mZ{gH$ d¥{Õ H$s Xa H$s 131. I.Q. na àmßV A§H$ CXmhaU h¡-
(3) OÝ‘OmV ‘mZ{gH$ ep³V H$s (1) AmZwnm{VH$ n¡‘mZm (2) Zmo{‘Zb n¡‘mZm
(4) CgH$s Am¶w dJ© Ho$ g‘H$j Aݶ ~mbH$m| Ho$ ~m¡{ÕH$ ñVa Ho$ g‘mZ (3) H«$‘~Õ n¡‘mZm (4) AmÝV[aH$ n¡‘mZm

124. ~w{Õ bpãY EH$ gyMH$m§H$ (BÝS>o³g) h¡- 132. gm‘m{OH$ ~w{Õ‘Vm H$s AdYmaUm Ho$ à{VnmXH$ h¢-
(1) ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg H$m (1) Wm°Z©S>mBH$ (2) {~Zo
(2) ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg H$s Xa H$m (3) H¡$[Q>b (4) ñnr¶a‘¡Z
(3) ‘mZ{gH$ ¶mo½¶Vm Ho$ ApÝV‘ ñVa H$m
133. n«W‘ d¶ñH$ ~w{Õ narjU à{Vnm{XV {H$¶m Wm-
(4) ‘mZ{gH$ n[an³dVm H$m
(1) {~Zo Zo (2) H¡$[Q>b Zo
125. ì¶p³V H$s ~w{Õ‘Îmm ~w{Õ Ho$ {H$g àH$ma na {Z^©a h¡? (3) d¡íba Zo (4) BZ‘| go H$moB© Zht
(1) gm‘mݶ ~w{Õ na
134. àW‘ gm‘y{hH$ ~w{Õ narjU H$hbmVm h¡-
(2) {deof ~w{Õ na
(1) Am‘r© Aë’$m (2) {~Zo gmB‘Z narjU
(3) Cnamo³V XmoZm|
(3) d¡íba narjU (4) H¡$[Q>b narjU
(4) H$moB© Zht
135. {ZåZ ‘| go H$m¡Zgm {ZînmXZ narjU Zht h¡?
126. {~Zo gmB‘Z ~w{Õ narjUm| H$s JUZm {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go {H$Z ~w{Õ
(1) Am‘u Aë’$m (2) Am‘u ~rQ>m
narjUm| ‘| H$s OmVr h¢? (3) H$mohO ãbm°H$ narjU (4) g^r
(1) dm[MH$ ì¶p³V ~w{Õ narjU
(2) Adm{MH$ ì¶p³V ~w{Õ narjU 136. {~Zo-gmB‘Z narjU H$m {dH$mg {H$¶m J¶m Wm-
(3) dm{MH$ g‘yh ~w{Õ narjU (1) I.Q. ‘mnZ hoVw
(4) Adm{MH$ g‘yh ~w{Õ narjU (2) ~w{Õ‘Vm ‘mnZ hoVw
(3) Cngm‘mݶ ~w{Õ ‘mnZ hoVw
127. {~Zm n‹T>o-{bIo bmoJm| Ho$ gm‘y{hH$ narjU Ho$ {b¶o {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go (4) ¶o g^r
H$m¡Zgo narjU AnZm¶o OmVo h¢?
(1) dm{MH$ ì¶p³V ~w{Õ narjU 137. BZ‘| go H$m¡Zgm ì¶p³VJV ~w{Õ narjU h¡?
(2) Adm{MH$ ì¶p³V ~w{Õ narjU (1) {~Zo-gmB‘Z (2) ñQ>¡Z’$moS>© {~Zo
(3) dm{MH$ g‘yh ~w{Õ narjU (3) d¡íba (4) ¶o g^r
(4) Adm{MH$ g‘yh ~w{Õ narjU
138. A{YH$Va ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m§o Ho$ ‘VmZwgma ~w{Õ‘Vm hmoVr h¡-
128. n‹T>o-{bIo bmoJm| H$o gm‘y{hH$ narjU Ho$ {b¶o {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgo (1) OÝ‘OmV (2) grIZo na AmYm[aV
narjU AnZm¶o OmVo h¢? (3) 1 d 2 XmoZm| (4) n¶m©daUr¶
(1) dm{MV ì¶p³V ~w{Õ narjU
(2) Adm{MH$ ì¶p³V ~w{Õ narjU 139. ^maVr¶ n[apñW{V¶m| ‘| {~Zo narjU H$m nhbm à‘mUrH$aU
(3) dm{MH$ g‘yh ~w{Õ narjU {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go {H$gZo {H$¶m?
(4) Adm{MH$ g‘yh ~w{Õ narjU (1) MÝÐ ‘mohZ ^m{Q>¶m Zo (2) gr. ha~Q>© amBg Zo
(3) Oo. ‘Zar Zo (4) S>m°. ObmoQ>m Zo

122. 123. 124. 125. 126. 127. 128. 129. 130. 131. 132. 133. 134. 135. 136. 137. 138. 139.
(1) (1) (2) (1) (1) (4) (3) (1) (1) (4) (1) (3) (1) (1) (3) (4) (3) (2)
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&

n¥îR> 198 ~w{Õ àJʶ

140. {Jb’$moS>© Zo AnZo ~w{Õ {gÕmÝV ‘§o Hw$b H$maH$ ~VmE h¢- 149. ~w{Õ H$mo H$maH$m| H$m ¶moJ ~VmZo dmbo {gÕmÝVm| H$mo {ZåZ loUr ‘|
(1) 200 (2) 300 {d^³V {H$¶m J¶m h¡-
(3) 150 (4) 100 (1) VÎd {gÕmÝV (2) à{H«$¶m {gÕmÝV
(3) H$maH$s¶ {gÕmÝV (4) Cn¶w©³V g^r
141. ~w{Õ BZ Mma eãXm| ‘| {Z{hV h¡- kmZ, A{YH$ma, {ZX}e Am¡a
AmbmoMZm& ¶h n[a^mfm Xr h¡- 150. ~w{Õ H$mo g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ H$s à{H«$¶m ~VmZo dmbo {gÕmÝVm| H$mo ³¶m
(1) dwS>amo Zo (2) {~Zo Zo H$hm OmVm h¡?
(3) Q>‘©Z Zo (4) ñQ>Z© Zo (1) VÎd {gÕmÝV (2) à{H«$¶m {gÕmÝV
(3) à{H«$¶m CÝ‘wIr¶ {gÕmÝV (4) Cn¶w©³V g^r
142. erK« A{YJ‘ AWdm A{YJ‘ YmaUm H$s ¶mo½¶Vm hr ~w{Õ h¡& ¶h
n[a^mfm àñVwV H$s h¡- 151. ‘pñVîH$ ‘| Hw$b 30 ep³V¶m± h¢, {OZ‘| go EH$ ~w{Õ ^r h¡& ¶h {H$g
(1) ~§qH$K‘ Zo (2) h¡~a d ’«$m¶S Zo> ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ Zo H$hm h¡?
(3) J¡aoQ> Zo (4) a¡³g Zo (1) ñnr¶a‘¡Z Zo (2) H¡$Q>b Zo
(3) arS> Zo (4) ñQ>Z© Zo
143. ~w{Õ Ho$ gÝX^© ‘| Ag˶ H$WZ h¡-
(1) ~w{Õ g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ H$s ¶mo½¶Vm h¡& 152. {H$g {gÕmÝV H$mo amOVÝÌr¶ {gÕmÝV H$hm OmVm h¡?
(2) ~w{Õ AZoH$ H$maH$m| H$m ¶moJ h¡& (1) ñnr¶a‘¡Z H$m gm‘mݶ H$maH$ {gÕmÝV
(3) ~w{Õ nyU©V… A{O©V hmoVr h¡& (2) {~Zo H$m EH$ H$maH$ {gÕmÝV
(4) ~w{Õ BZHo$ BH$mB¶m| H$m g‘yh h¡& (3) ñnr¶a‘¡Z H$m {d{eîQ> H$maH$ {gÕmÝV
(4) ñnr¶a‘¡Z H$m g‘yh H$maH$ {gÕmÝV
144. ‘¡Ho${ZH$, BÝOr{Z¶a, H$marJa, Am¡Úmo{JH$ H$m¶©H$Vm©Am| ‘| {H$g àH$ma
H$s ~w{Õ nm¶r OmVr h¡? 153. {ZåZ ‘| go H$m¡Zgr {deofVm ~w{Õ H$s n[a^mfmAm| go gå~pÝYV Zht h¡-
(1) ‘yV© (2) O¡{dH$ (1) ~w{Õ g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ H$s ¶mo½¶Vm h¡&
(3) A‘yV© (4) gm‘m{OH$ (2) ~w{Õ dmVmdaU Ho$ gmW g‘m¶moOZ H$s ¶mo½¶Vm h¡&
(3) ~w{Õ ‘yV© {MÝVZ H$aZo H$s j‘Vm h¡&
145. A‘yV© ~w{Õ H$m gå~ÝY hmoVm h¡- (4) ~w{Õ grIZo H$s j‘Vm h¡&
(1) gm‘m{OH$Vm go (2) nwñVH$s¶ kmZ go
(3) ¶mpÝÌH$Vm go (4) Cn¶w©³V g^r go 154. am‘ J{UVr¶ g‘ñ¶mAm| H$mo hb H$aZo ‘| {ZnwU h¡, am‘ ‘| ~w{Õ H$m
H$m¡Zgm àH$ma b{jV hmoVm h¡?
146. EH$ Xme©{ZH$ ‘| {H$g àH$ma H$s ~w{Õ nmB© OmVr h¡? (1) A‘y©V (2) ‘yV©
(1) gm‘m{OH$ (2) A‘yV© (3) d§eJV ~w{Õ (4) gm‘m{OH$
(3) ‘yV© (4) Cn¶w©³V g^r
155. ~w{Õ {~Obr Ho$ g‘mZ h¡, {Ogo n[a^m{fV H$aZo H$s Anojm ‘mnZm
147. Hy$Q>Zr{Vk, AÀN>o ‘ÝÌr, ì¶mdgm¶r d gm‘m{OH$ H$m¶©H$Vm©Am| ‘| {ZåZ gab h¡& ¶h H$WZ {H$gH$m h¡-
~w{Õ nmB© OmVr h¡- (1) OoÝgZ H$m (2) H¡$Q>b H$m
(1) A‘yV© (2) ‘yV© (3) S>mB©H$ H$m (4) {’$bÝZ H$m
(3) gm‘m{OH$ (4) Cn¶w©³V g^r
156. EH$ g’$b noÝQ>a ‘| {H$g àH$ma H$s ~w{Õ nmB© OmVr h¡?
148. empãXH$ d J{UVr¶ g§Ho$Vm| H$mo g‘PZo dmbo ì¶p³V H$s ~w{Õ Wm°Z©S>mBH$ (1) gm‘m{OH$ (2) R>mog
Ho$ AZwgma h¡- (3) Vab (4) A‘yV©
(1) amOZr{VH$
(2) A‘yV© 157. ~w{Õ H$mo Vab ~w{Õ Am¡a R>mog ~w{Õ ‘| {H$gZo {d^³V {H$¶m h¡?
(3) ‘yV© (1) H¡$Q>b Zo (2) ñnr¶a‘¡Z Zo
(4) gm‘m{OH$ (3) {Jb’$moS>© Zo (4) JmS>©Za Zo

140. 141. 142. 143. 144. 145. 146. 147. 148. 149. 150. 151. 152. 153. 154. 155. 156. 157.
(3) (2) (2) (3) (1) (2) (2) (3) (2) (3) (3) (3) (1) (3) (1) (1) (4) (1)
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
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àJʶ ~w{Õ n¥îR> 199

158. H¡$Q>b Ho$ AZwgma Vab d R>mog ~w{Õ H$m {dH$mg H«$‘e… hmoVm h¡- 167. S>m°. à¶mJ ‘ohVm Ûmam {Z{‘©V {H$¶m J¶m-
(1) {H$emoamdñWm d ~më¶mdñWm ‘| (2) ~më¶mdñWm d {H$emoamdñWm ‘| (1) dm{MH$ ~w{Õ narjU-1971
(3) {H$emoamdñWm d d¶ñH$mdñWm ‘| (4) àm¡‹T>mdñWm d {H$emoamdñWm ‘| (2) gm‘y{hH$ ~w{Õ narjU-1962
(3) ‘mZ{gH$ ¶mo½¶Vm narjU-1960
159. R>mog ~w{Õ go ³¶m VmËn¶© h¡? (4) gm‘y{hH$ ‘mZ{gH$ ¶mo½¶Vm-1961
(1) d§emZwH«$‘ H$m
(2) ì¶p³V Ho$ A{O©V d V϶mË‘H$ kmZ 168. S>m°. Q>ÊS>Z Ûmam {Z{‘©V narjU h¡-
(3) ì¶p³V H$s VH©$ep³V (1) gm‘y{hH$ ‘mZ{gH$ ¶mo½¶Vm-1961
(4) Cn¶w©³V g^r (2) ‘mZ{gH$ ¶mo½¶Vm narjU-1960
(3) dm{MH$ ~w{Õ narjU-1971
160. {H$g ^maVr¶ ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ Zo H$moh ãbm°H$ {~pëS>¨J, nmg-Ebm§J, (4) Cn¶w©³V ‘| go H$moB© Zht
AmH¥${V {MÌU, {MÌ narjU H$mo gpå‘{bV H$aHo$ {ZînmXZ ~w{Õ
narjU ‘mbm V¡¶ma H$s h¡? 169. S>m°. ObmoQ>m narjU H$m Zm‘ h¡-
(1) Omoer Zo (2) ^m{Q>¶m Zo (1) ‘mZ{gH$ ¶mo½¶Vm gm‘y{hH$ narjU
(3) AmoPm Zo (4) Cn¶w©³V g^r (2) dm{MH$ ~w{Õ narjU
(3) 1 d 2 XmoZm|
161. ‘mZ{gH$ narjU eãX H$m àW‘ à¶moJ {H$¶m- (4) 1 d 2 XmoZm| Zht
(1) ñQ>Z© Zo (2) {~Zo Zo
(3) Q>‘©Z Zo (4) H¡$Q>b Zo 170. ‘mZ{gH$ bpãY eãX H$m à¶moJ 1912 ‘| {H$¶m Wm-
(1) Q>‘©Z Zo (2) JmëQ>Z Zo
162. àW‘ gm‘y{hH$ ^mfmË‘H$ narjU H$m Zm‘ h¡- (3) ñQ>Z© Zo (4) {~Zo Zo
(1) g¡{ZH$ gm‘mݶ dJuH$aU
(2) Am‘u ~rQ>m narjU 171. ~w{Õ narjU Cn¶moJr h¡-
(3) Am‘u Aë’$m narjU (1) {ZXmZmË‘H$ {ejU hoVw
(4) Cn¶w©³V g^r (2) {ZX}eZ hoVw
(3) nam‘e© hoVw
163. àW‘ gm‘y{hH$ ^mfm a{hV narjU Wm- (4) Cn¶w©³V g^r
(1) Am‘u ~rQ>m narjU (2) Am‘u Aë’$m narjU
(3) g¡{ZH$ gm‘mݶ dJuH$aU (4) Cn¶w©³V g^r 172. {ZåZ ‘| go H$m¡Zgm H$WZ ~ÀMo Ho$ {dH$mg ‘| n[adoe H$s ^y{‘H$m H$m
g‘W©Z H$aVm h¡?
164. {eH$mJmo ^mfm a{hV narjU {Z{‘©V {H$¶m J¶m h¡- (1) Hw$N> {ejmWu gyMZmAm| H$m OëXr àH«$‘U H$aVo h¢, O~{H$ Cgr H$jm
(1) 14 df© Ho$ ~ÀMmo§ hoVw Ho$ Aݶ {dÚmWu Eogm Zht H$a nmVo&
(2) 10-12 df© Ho$ ~ÀMm| hoVw (2) {nN>br Hw$N> XempãX¶m| ‘| ~w{Õ-bãYm§H$ narjm ‘| {ejm{W©¶m| Ho$ Am¡gV
(3) 3-11 df© Ho$ ~ÀMm| hoVw àXe©Z ‘| bJmVma d¥{Õ hþB© h¡&
(4) 12-13 df© Ho$ ~ÀMm| hoVw (3) EH$g‘mZ Ow‹S>dm± ~ÀMo {OZH$m bmbZ-nmbZ {^ÝZ Kam| ‘| hþAm h¡,
CZH$s ~w{Õ-bpãY 0.75 Ho$ g‘mZ CÀM h¡&
165. àW‘ g§ñH¥${V ‘w³V ~w{Õ narjU H$m {Z‘m©U {H$¶m- (4) emar[aH$ ê$n go ñdñW ~ÀMo AH$ga Z¡{VH$ ê$n go AÀN>o nmE OmVo h¢&
(1) gmB©‘Z Zo (2) {~Zo Zo
(3) H¡$Q>b Zo (4) ao{dZ Zo 173. ~hþ~w{Õ {gÕmÝV {ZåZ{b{IV {Z{hVmW© XoVm h¡, {gdm¶-
(1) g§doJmË‘H$ ~w{Õ, ~w{Õ-bpãY go gå~pÝYV Zht h¡&
166. ^maVr¶ ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ S>m°. Eg. gr. Omoer Zo à{Vnm{XV {H$¶m- (2) ~w{Õ àH«$‘U g§{H«$¶mAm| H$m EH$ {d{eîQ> g‘wÀM¶ h¡, {OgH$m Cn¶moJ
(1) ‘mZ{gH$ ¶mo½¶Vm narjU-1960
EH$ ì¶p³V Ûmam g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ Ho$ {bE {H$¶m OmVm h¡&
(2) dm{MH$ ~w{Õ narjU-1971
(3) {df¶m| H$mo {d{^ÝZ VarH$m| go àñVwV {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡&
(3) gm‘y{hH$ ~w{Õ narjU-1962
(4) {d{dY VarH$m| go grIZo H$m AmH$bZ {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡&
(4) gm‘y{hH$ ‘mZ{gH$ ¶mo½¶Vm-1961

158. 159. 160. 161. 162. 163. 164. 165. 166. 167. 168. 169. 170. 171. 172. 173.
(3) (2) (2) (4) (3) (1) (3) (3) (1) (2) (1) (1) (3) (4) (2) (2)
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
n¥îR> 200
174. Xmo Ow‹S>dm± ^mB¶m| ‘o go EH$ H$mo gm‘m{OH$-Am{W©H$ ê$n go YZmT²>¶
n[adma Ûmam JmoX {b¶m OmVm h¡ Am¡a Xÿgao H$mo EH$ {ZY©Z n[adma Ûmam&
EH$ df© Ho$ ~mX CZHo$ ~w{Õ-bãYm§H$ Ho$ ~mao ‘| {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go ³¶m
Adbmo{H$V hmoZo H$s gdm©{YH$ gå^mdZm h¡?
(1) YZr gm‘m{OH$-Am[W©H$ n[adma dmbo b‹S>Ho$ H$s Anojm {ZY©Z n[adma
dmbm b‹S>H$m A{YH$ A§H$ àmßV H$aoJm&
(2) gm‘m{OH$-Am{W©H$ ñVa ~w{Õ-bãYm§H$ H$mo à^m{dV Zht H$aVm h¡&
(3) {ZY©Z n[adma dmbo b‹S>Ho$ H$s Anojm YZr gm‘m{OH$-Am{W©H$ n[adma
dmbm b‹S>H$m A{YH$ A§H$ àmßV H$aoJm&
(4) XmoZm| g‘mZ ê$n go A§H$ àmßV H$a§oJo&
175. AmnH$mo bJVm h¡ {H$ AmnH$s H$jm ‘| Hw$N> ~ÀMo ~hþV VoO J{V go grI
aho h¢ Am¡a Hw$N> ~hþV Yr‘r J{V go& Bg n[apñW{V ‘| Amn ³¶m H$a|Jo?
(1) VoO J{V go grIZo dmbo ~ÀMm| H$mo AmJo ~‹T>Zo X|Jo&
(2) Yr‘r J{V go grIZo dmbo ~ÀMm| na H$moB© ܶmZ Zht X|Jo&
(3) Bg ~mV na H$moB© ܶmZ Zht X|Jo&
(4) VoO J{V go grIZo dmbo ~ÀMm| H$s ghm¶Vm Yr‘r J{V go grIZo dmbo
~ÀMm| H$mo grImZo hoVw b|Jo&
176. {ZåZ ‘| go H$m¡Zgm ~w{Õ‘mZ ~ÀMo H$m bjU Zht h¡?
(1) dh Omo bå~o {Z~ÝYm| H$mo ~hþV OëXr aQ>Zo H$s j‘Vm aIVm h¡&
(2) dh Omo àdmhnyU© Ed§ C{MV VarHo$ go gåàofU H$aZo H$s j‘Vm aIVm h¡&
(3) dh Omo A‘yV© ê$n go gmoMVm h¡&
(4) dh Omo Z¶o n[adoe ‘| ñd¶§ H$mo g‘m¶mo{OV H$a gH$Vm h¡&
177. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘o go H$m¡Zgr ~w{Õ H$s n[a^mfm Zht h¡?
(1) ~w{Õ, H$m¶© H$aZo H$s EH$ {d{Y h¡&
(2) ~w{Õ, kmZ AO©Z H$aZo H$s j‘Vm h¡&
(3) OrdZ H$s AnojmH¥$V ZdrZ n[apñW{V¶m| go AnZm gm‘§Oñ¶ H$aZo H$s
ì¶p³V H$s ¶mo½¶Vm hr ~w{Õ h¡&
(4) amOZr{VH$, Am{W©H$ Ed§ gm‘m{OH$ ep³V àmßV H$aZo Ho$ {bE à¶w³V
Cp³V ~w{Õ h¡&
178. AmOH$b ~w{Õ-narjU H$m Cn¶moJ {ejm OJV² ‘| hmo ahm h¡& ~w{Õ-
narjU H$m {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgm Cn¶moJ ~mbH$ Ho$ {dH$mg Ho$
ÑpîQ>H$moU go ghr Zht h¡?
(1) e¡{jH$ ‘mJ©Xe©Z
(2) ~w{Õ-narjU Ho$ n[aUm‘ Ho$ AmYma na A{YH$ ~w{Õ dmbo ~mbH$m| na
Aݶ ~mbH$m| H$s VwbZm ‘§o A{YH$ ܶmZ XoZm
(3) AÀN>r A{YJ‘ àUmbr Ho$ à¶moJ Ho$ {bE ~w{Õ-narjU H$aZm
(4) ~w{Õ-narjU Ho$ AmYma na N>mÌm| H$m dJuH$aU H$aZm
179. EH$ hr H$jm-{ejU H$m {ZînmXZ {^ÝZ-{^ÝZ hmoVm h¡& {ZåZ{b{IV
‘| go H$m¡Zgm H$maU BgHo$ {bE gdm©{YH$ CÎmaXm¶r hmo gH$Vm h¡?
174. 175. 176. 177. 178. 179. 180. 181. 182. 183.
(2) (4) (1) (4) (2) (1) (4) (4) (1) (4)
~w{Õ àJʶ
(1) N>mÌm| H$s ~w{Õ ‘| AÝVa
(2) N>mÌm| Ho$ A{^àoaU ‘| AÝVa
(3) N>mÌm| H$s ê${M ‘| AÝVa
(4) N>mÌm| H$s emar[aH$ ep³V ‘| AÝVa
180. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go {H$g H$WZ go ~w{Õ Ed§ ~w{Õ-narjU Ho$ ‘hÎd H$m
nVm MbVm h¡?
1. ì¶mdgm{¶H$ ‘mJ©Xe©Z ‘| ~w{Õ-narjU H$s ^y{‘H$m Ah‘ hmoVr h¡&
2. ~w{Õ-narjUm| Ûmam à˶oH$ N>mÌ H$s ghr CÝZ{V Ho$ ‘mJ© H$mo àeñV
{H$¶m OmVm h¡&
3. AZwgÝYmZ Ho$ {d{^ÝZ KQ>H$m| H$m M¶Z H$aZm hmoVm h¡, Vmo ~w{Õ ^r EH$
AmYma hmoVm h¡, Vm{H$ H$‘ go H$‘ Ìw{Q> hmo&
(1) 1 Ed§ 2 (2) Ho$db 2
(3) 2 Ed§ 3 (4) ¶o g^r
181. AmOH$b ~w{Õ-narjU H$m Cn¶moJ {ejm OJV² ‘| ì¶mnH$ ê$n go hmo
ahm h¡& {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgm {ejm OJV² ‘| ~w{Õ-narjU Ho$
gXþn¶moJ H$m EH$ CXmhaU h¡?
1. ~w{Õ-narjU Ho$ AmYma na N>mÌd¥{Îm gw{ZpíMV H$aZm
2. ~w{Õ-narjU Ho$ AmYma na N>mÌm| Ho$ {bE A{YJ‘ àUmbr H$m M¶Z H$aZm
3. ~w{Õ-narjU Ho$ AmYma na N>mÌm| H$mo nam‘e© XoZm
(1) Ho$db 1
(2) 1 Ed§ 2
(3) 2 Ed§ 3
(4) ¶o g^r
182. ~w{Õ Ho$ ~hþH$maH$ {gÕmÝV Ho$ ‘w»¶ g‘W©H$ Wm°Z©S>mBH$ Wo& {ZåZ{b{IV
‘| go H$m¡Zgm H$WZ Bg {gÕmÝV Ho$ AZwê$n h¡?
(1) ~w{Õ H$B© VÎdm| H$m g‘yh hmoVr h¡ Am¡a à˶oH$ VÎd ‘| H$moB© gyú‘ ¶mo½¶Vm
{Z{hV hmoVr h¡&
(2) Hw$N> ‘mZ{gH$ {H«$¶mAm| ‘| EH$ à‘wI VÎd gm‘mݶ ê$n go {dÚ‘mZ
hmoVm h¡, Omo CZ {H«$¶mAm| Ho$ H$B© Jw«n hmoVo h¢, CZ‘| AnZm EH$ à‘wI
VÎd hmoVm h¡&
(3) ì¶p³V H$m ~m¡{ÕH$ ì¶dhma AZoH$ ñdVÝÌ ¶mo½¶VmAm| na {Z^©a H$aVm
h¡, {H$ÝVw BZ ñdVÝÌ ¶mo½¶VmAm| H$m joÌ gr{‘V hmoVm h¡&
(4) g^r àH$ma Ho$ ‘mZ{gH$ H$m¶m] ‘| Xmo àH$ma H$s ‘mZ{gH$ ¶mo½¶VmAm| H$s
Amdí¶H$Vm hmoVr h¡ àW‘ gm‘mݶ ‘mZ{gH$ ¶mo½¶Vm, {ÛVr¶ {d{eîQ>
‘mZ{gH$ ¶mo½¶Vm&
183. ~w{Õ H$m {Û-H$maH$ {gÕmÝV ³¶m h¡?
(1) ~w{Õ H$B© VÎdm| H$m g‘yh hmoVr h¡, Am¡a à˶oH$ VÎd ‘| H$moB© gyú‘
¶mo½¶Vm {Z{hV hmoVr h¡&
(2) Hw$N> ‘mZ{gH$ {H«$¶mAm| ‘| EH$ à‘wI VÎd gm‘mݶ ê$n go {dÚ‘mZ
hmoVm h¡, Omo CZ {H«$¶mAm| Ho$ H$B© J«wn hmoVo h¢, CZ‘o§ AnZm EH$ à‘wI
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
àJʶ ~w{Õ n¥îR> 201

VÎd hmoVm h¡& AJa Amn B.Ed, D.Ed, BSTC ¶m {ejU AܶmnZ Ho$ joÌ ‘| n‹T>mB©
(3) ì¶p³V H$m ~m¡{ÕH$ ì¶dhma AZoH$ ñdVÝÌ ¶mo½¶VmAm| na {Z^©a H$aVm
H$a aho h¢ Vmo Amngo {ZdoXZ h¡ {H$ {ZåZ{b{IV Whatsapp No. AnZr
h¡, {H$ÝVw BZ ñdVÝÌ ¶mo½¶VmAm| H$m joÌ gr{‘V hmoVm h¡&
H$jm Ho$ ìhmQ²>gEn Jw«n ‘| Omo‹S>|& AJa AmnH$m ìhmQ²>gEn Jw«n Zht ~Zm hþAm
(4) g^r àH$ma Ho$ ‘mZ{gH$ H$m¶m] ‘| Xmo àH$ma H$s ‘mZ{gH$ ¶mo½¶VmAm| H$s
Amdí¶H$Vm hmoVr h¡- àW‘ gm‘mݶ ‘mZ{gH$ ¶mo½¶Vm, {ÛVr¶ {d{eîQ> h¡ Vmo H¥$n¶m H$‘ go H$‘ 20 {dÚmWu {‘bH$a ìhmQ²>gEn Jw«n ~Zm b|&
UPTET - 95301 43210
‘mZ{gH$ ¶mo½¶Vm&
MP Samvida - 95302 43210
BTET - 95302 43210
184. EH$ AÀN>o {ejH$ Ho$ ê$n ‘| ì¶p³V H$mo ~w{Õ-narjU Ho$ n[aUm‘
UTET - 72209 29294
OmZZo Ho$ ~mX {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go {H$g ì¶dhma go ~MZm Mm{hE? JTET - 72209 29239
(1) n[aUm‘ Ho$ AmYma na gwYma Ho$ {bE nam‘e© XoZm HTET - 72209 29266
(2) n[aUm‘ Ho$ AmYma na H$‘ ~w{Õ dmbo ~ÀMm| H$m M¶Z H$a CÝh| H${R>Z CGTET - 72209 28969
H$m¶© H$aZo go amoH$Zm HPTET - 72209 28535
(3) ~w{Õ-narjU H$m Cn¶moJ AZwgÝYmZ ‘§o ~ÀMm| H$m ì¶mnH$ gh¶moJ boZo
Ho$ {bE H$aZm AmnHo$ ³bmg Ho$ ìhmQ²>gEn Jw«n ‘| {ejm g§~§Yr g^r à{V¶moJr narjm Ho$
(4) {ejH$ H$mo ~w{Õ-narjU H$o n[aUm‘ Ho$ AmYma na H$moB© ^r H$m¶© Zht nong©, ‘m°S>b nong© Ed§ Aݶ Aܶ¶Z gm‘J«r ^oOr OmEJr& AmnH$m ewê$ go
H$aZm Mm{hE&
‘mJ©Xe©Z {H$¶m OmEJm, Vm{H$ Amn à{V¶moJr narjm ‘| A{VerK« g’$bVm
185. AmnH$mo AnZr H$jm ‘| Xmo ‘ÝX~w{Õ ~ÀMm| H$mo ~¡R>mZo Ho$ {bE ~mobm àmá H$a gH|$&
J¶m h¡ Amn-
(1) CÝh| AnZo {dÚmWu Ho$ ê$n ‘| J«hU H$aZo go BÝH$ma H$a|Jo&
(2) àYmZmܶmnH$ H$mo CÝh| {H$gr Am¡a H$jm Omo {H$ ‘ÝX~w{Õ ~mbH$m| Ho$ {bE
{deof ê$n go {M[•V h¡, ‘| ~¡R>mZo Ho$ {bE ~mob|Jo&
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ
(3) Eogo {dÚm{W©¶m| H$mo {gImZo H$s VH$ZrH$ grI|Jo& ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ
(4) Cnamo³V ‘| go H$moB© Zht
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******* na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a
àJʶ àH$meZ Ûmam CTET Ed§ à˶oH$ amÁ¶ Ho$ TET (UPTET, MP gH$Vo h¢&
Samvida, BTET, UTET, JTET, HTET, CGTET, HPTET)
Ho$ {bE ‘m°S>b nona H$s ’«$s PDF àH$m{eV H$s OmVr h¡& ‘m°S>b nona H$s ’«$s
PDF àmá H$aZo Ho$ {bE {ZåZ{b{IV Whatsapp No. AnZo H$m°boO Ho$
³bmg J«wn ¶m H$moqMJ Ho$ ³bmg Jw«n ¶m Aݶ ñQ>S>r Jw«n ‘| Om|S>o& AmnHo$ J«wn ‘|
‘m°S>b nona ^ooO {XE OmE±J|&

UPTET - 95301 43210

¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa
MP Samvida - 95302 43210
Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ
BTET - 95302 43210
àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
UTET - 72209 29294
JTET - 72209 29239
HTET - 72209 29266
CGTET - 72209 28969
HPTET - 72209 28535

184. 185.
(2) (3)
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
n¥îR> 202 {d{eîQ> ~mbH$
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
Aܶm¶ 12
{d{eîQ> ~mbH$
12.1 àñVmdZm
àm¶… à˶oH$ g‘mO, g‘wXm¶ ¶m {dÚmb¶ ‘| Hw$N> Eogo ~mbH$ hmoVo h¢, Omo
gm‘mݶ ~mbH$m| H$s Anojm loîR> ¶m hrZ hmoVo h¢& ~mbH$m| Ho$ emar[aH$,
‘mZ{gH$ VWm Aݶ JwUm| ‘| {^ÝZVm nmB© OmVr h¡ ³¶m|{H$ CZH$s AmZwd§{eH$Vm
VWm dmVmdaU EH$-Xÿgao go {^ÝZ hmoVo h¢& g‘yh Ho$ A{YH$m§e ~mbH$m| Ho$ JwU
g‘yh à{V‘mZ Ho$ AZwê$n hmoVo h¢& Eogo ~mbH$m| H$mo gm‘mݶ ~mbH$ H$hVo h¢
VWm {OZ ~mbH$m| ‘| g‘yh à{V‘mZm| H$s Anojm H$‘ ¶m A{YH$ JwU nm¶o OmVo h¢
CÝh| {d{eîQ> ~mbH$ H$hVo h¢& ¶o JwU CZH$s ~w{Õ,emar[aH$ j‘Vm, g‘m¶moOZ,
gm‘m{OH$ ì¶dhma, gd§oJ Am{X {H$gr ^r EH$ ¶m A{YH$ joÌm| go gå~pÝYV
hmo gH$Vo h¢& Eogo ~mbH$m| ‘| AnZr {dbjUVmAm| ¶m {deofVmAm| Ho$ H$maU
g‘m¶moOZ gå~ÝYr H${R>ZmB¶m± CËnÝZ hmoVr h¢& AV… BZHo$ nmbZ-nmofU Am¡a
{ejm H$m {deof à~ÝY H$aZm Mm{hE&
12.2 {d{eîQ> ~mbH$ H$m AW© Ed§ g§H$ënZm
‘Zm¡d¡km{ZH$m| Ed§ {ejm{dXm| Ûmam {d{eîQ> ~mbH$m| H$mo JwUmË‘H$ Ed§ n[a‘mUmË‘H$
ê$nm| ‘| g‘PZo H$m à¶mg {Ho$¶m J¶m h¡& BZHo AZwgma {d{eîQ> ~mbH$m| ‘|
gmoMZo, g‘PZo, grIZo, g‘m¶moOZ H$aZo Am{X H$s ¶mo½¶Vm¶| gm‘mݶ ~mbH$m|
go {^ÝZ hmoVr h¢ VWm do {H$gr H$m¶© H$mo A{YH$ erK«Vm ¶m A{YH$ {dbå~ go
H$aVo h¢& gm‘mݶ ¶m Am¡gV ~mbH$m| go {^ÝZ hmoZo Ho$ n[aUm‘ñdê$n hr BZH$mo
AbJ go “{d{eîQ> ~mbH$’ Ho$ ê$n ‘| dJuH¥$V {H$¶m OmVm h¡& {d{^ÝZ ÑpîQ>¶m|
go {^ÝZVm ¶m {d{eîQ>Vm Ho$ H$maU Eogo ~mbH$m|o Ho$ AZoH$ g‘yh ¶m CndJ© ^r
hmoVo h¢& O¡go-~m¡{ÕH$ ÑpîQ> go {d{eîQ> ~mbH$ AWm©V² à{V^membr ¶m ‘ÝX ~w{Õ
~mbH$, emar[aH$ ÑpîQ> go {d{eîQ> ~mbH$ AWm©V² AÝYo, ~hao, {dH$bm§J AWdm
dmUr Xmof dmbo ~mbH$, gm‘m{OH$ ÑpîQ> go {d{eîQ> ~mbH$, Hw$g‘m¶mo{OV
AWdm g‘ñ¶mË‘H$ ~mbH$ Am{X& M±y{H$ BZ g^r CndJm] go gå~pÝYV ~mbH$m|
H$s ^m¡{VH$, gm‘m{OH$, ~m¡{ÕH$, e¡{jH$, ì¶mdhm[aH$ Ed§ ì¶p³VËd gå~ÝYr
n[añW{V¶m± gm‘mݶ ~mbH$m| go {^ÝZ hmoVr h¢ AV… BZHo$ {b¶o {d{eîQ> àH$ma
H$s e¡{jH$, ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ Ed§ gm‘m{OH$ ì¶dñWmAm| H$s Amdí¶H$Vm hmoVr h¡&
[d{eîQ>Vm Mmho CÀM H$mo{Q> H$s hmo AWdm {ZåZ H$mo{Q> H$s, XmoZm| H$mo
hr gm‘mݶ {dÚm{W©¶m| Ho$ gmW Aܶ¶Z H$aZo ‘| H${R>ZmB© hmoVr h¡& {ejH$ H$mo
^r BZ XmoZm| àH$ma Ho$ N>mÌm| H$s {ejm H$mo Cn¶moJr VWm gmW©H$ ~ZmZo Ho$ {b¶o
Am¡gV go hQ>H$a Hw$N> {deof à¶mg H$aZo nS>Vo h¢& BgH$m à‘wI H$maU ¶h
h¡ {H$ loîR> N>mÌ O{Q>b Ed§ H${R>Z g‘ñ¶mAm| H$mo AmgmZr go hb H$a boVo h¢
VWm H$‘Omoa N>mÌ gab ¶m Am¡gV àíZm| H$mo ^r gwJ‘Vm go hb Zht H$a nmVo&
{d{eîQ> ~mbH$m| H$s {ejm H$s g§H$ënZm Bgr {dMma na AmYm[aV
àJʶ
h¡ {H$ nhbo Vmo {ejH$ ¶h nVm bJm¶o {H$ H$jm ‘| H$m¡Z-H$m¡Z go ~mbH$
{d{eîQ> ~mbH$m| H$s loUr ‘| AmVo h¢ Am¡a {’$a CZH$s j‘VmAm|, ¶mo½¶VmAm|,
ê${M¶m|, Amdí¶H$VmAm| Am¡a A{^¶mo½¶VmAm| Ho$ AZwê$n CZH$s {ejm H$s
www.praganya.org
g‘w{MV ì¶dñWm H$ao& {d{eîQ> {dÚm{W©¶m| ‘| {nN>‹S>o ~mbH$, ‘mZ{gH$ ê$n go
{nN>‹S>o ~mbH$, ~mb AnamYr, à{V^mdmZ ~mbH$ Am{X em{‘b h¢&
dmñVd ‘| {d{eîQ> ~mbH$ eãX EH$ d¥hX² nX h¡ {OgHo$ AÝVJ©V {d{^ÝZ
àH$ma H$s Agm‘mݶVmAm| go ¶w³V ~mbH$m| Ho$ AZoH$ g‘yh g‘m{hV ahVo h§¡&
www.praganya.org 12.3 {d{eîQ> ~mbH$ H$s n[a^mfmE±
{d{^ÝZ {dÛmZm| Zo {d{eîQ> ~mbH$m| H$s n[a^mfm AnZo-AnZo VarHo$ go Xr h¡&
Hw$N> ‘w»¶ n[a^mfmE± Bg àH$ma h¢-
1. S>Z Ho$ AZwgma-
{d{eîQ> ~mbH$ dh h¡, Omo ~m¡{ÕH$, emar[aH$ gm‘m{OH$ AWdm ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$
{deofVmAm| ‘| BVZm {^ÝZ h¡ {H$ ~hþg§»¶H$ ~mbH$m| Ho$ {b¶o ~Zm¶m J¶m {dÚmb¶
H$m¶©H«$‘ CZH$mo gdmªJrU g‘m¶moOZ d AZwHy$bV‘ {dH$mg Ho$ Adga CnbãY Zht
H$am nmVm h¡ VWm Bg{b¶o AnZr ¶mo½¶VmAm| Ho$ AZwê$n CnbpãY àmá H$a gH$Zo
Ho$ {b¶o do {deof {ejU AWdm Hw$N> pñW{V¶m| ‘| {deof ghm¶H$ godm¶| AWdm XmoZm|
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MmhVo h¢&
2. H«$mo d H«$mo Ho$ AZwgma-
{d{eîQ> ¶m AgmYmaU eãX Eogo JwUm| ¶m ì¶p³V, {Og‘| dh JwU h¡, Ho$ {bE à¶w³V
{H$¶m OmVm h¡ Omo gm‘mݶ ì¶p³V Ûmam àX{e©V CÝht JwUm| go Bg gr‘m VH$ {d{^ÝZVm
{bE hmoVm h¡ {OgHo$ H$maU ì¶p³V {deof H$s Amoa CgHo$ gm{W¶m| H$mo ܶmZ XoZm n‹S>Vm
h¡ ¶m {X¶m OmVm h¡ Am¡a CgHo$ H$maU hr CZH$s ì¶mdhm[aH$ à{V{H«$¶m¶| VWm H$m¶©
à^m{dV hmoVo h¢&
3. hoH$ Ho$ AZwgma-
{d{eîQ> ~mbH$ dh h¡, Omo {H$gr EH$ AWdm H$B© JwUm| H$s Ñ{îQ> go gm‘mݶ ~mbH$
go n¶m©á ‘mÌm ‘| {^ÝZ hmoVm h¡&
4. {H«$H$ Ho$ AZwgma-
{d{eîQ> ~mbH$ dh h¡ Omo gm‘mݶ AWdm Am¡gV ~mbH$ go ‘mZ{gH$, emar[aH$
VWm gm‘m{OH$ {deofVmAm| go BVZm A{YH$ {^ÝZ h¡ {H$ dh {dÚmb¶ ì¶dñWmAm|
‘| g§emoYZ AWdm {deof godm¶| AWdm nyaH$ {ejU MmhVm h¡ {Oggo dh AnZr
A{YH$V‘ j‘Vm H$m {dH$mg H$a gHo$&
5. h¡ar ~mH$a Ho$ AZwgma-
AgmYmaU/{d{eîQ> ~mbH$ do h¢- Omo emar[aH$, ‘mZ{gH$, g§doJmË‘H$ Am¡a
gm‘m{OH$ ÑpîQ> go gm‘mݶ JwUm| go Bg gr‘m VH$ {dM{bV hmoVo h¢ {H$ CÝh| AnZr
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
àJʶ {d[eîQ> ~mbH$ n¥îR> 203

A{YH$V‘ j‘Vm Ho$ AZwgma ñd¶§ H$m {dH$mg H$aZo Ho$ {bE {d{eîQ> {ejm H$s Hw$g‘m¶mo{OV ~mbH$ Am{X AmVo h¢&
Amdí¶H$Vm n‹S>Vr h¡& {ejm H$s ÑpîQ> go Bg Aܶm¶ ‘| CÝhr§ {d{eîQ> ~mbH$m| H$s MMm© H$s
6. H«w$H$ e¢H$ Ho$ AZwgma- Om ahr h¡ {OZHo$ {bE {ejm Ho$ joÌ ‘| {deof ì¶dñWm H$s Amdí¶H$Vm hmoVr h¡&
{d{eîQ> ~mbH$ dh h¡ Omo ~m¡{ÕH$, emar[aH$, gm‘m{OH$ AWdm g§doJmË‘H$ ÑpîQ>
go gm‘mݶ g‘Pr OmZo dmbr ~w{Õ VWm {dH$mg go BVZm {^ÝZ h¡ {H$ dh {Z¶{‘V 12.5 {d{eîQ> Ed§ gm‘mݶ ~mbH$ ‘| AÝVa
{dÚmb¶ H$m¶©H«$‘ go nyU© bm^ Zht CR>m gH$Vm h¡ VWm {d{eîQ> H$jm AWdm nyaH$
{ejU d godm MmhVm h¡& {d{eîQ> Ed§ gm‘mݶ ~mbH$m| ‘| {ZåZ{b{IV AÝVa nmE OmVo h¢-
H«$. {d{eîQ> ~mbH$ gm‘mݶ ~mbH$
7. Q>¡b’$moS>© Ed§ gmda Ho$ AZwgma- g§.
{d{eîQ> ~mbH$m| go VmËn¶© CZ ~mbH$m| go h¡ Omo gm‘mݶ ~mbH$m| go emar[aH$, 1. {d{eîQ> ~mbH$ àm¶… emar[aH$ ê$n go gm‘mݶ ~mbH$ emar[aH$ ê$n go ñdñW
‘mZ{gH$, g§doJmË‘H$ AWdm gm‘m{OH$ bjUm| ‘| BVZo A{YH$ {^ÝZ hmoVo h¢ {H$ CZH$s AñdñW hmoVo h¢, O¡g- o nVbo, A˶{YH$ VWm {Ibm‹S>r eara Ho$ hmoVo h¢&
¶mo½¶VmAm| Ho$ AZwgma CZHo$ A{YH$V‘ {dH$mg Ho$ {bE {deof gm‘m{OH$ Ed§ e¡{jH$ bå~o, nmo{b¶moJñ« V, bå~o {ga dmbo, AÝYo,
godmAm| H$s Amdí¶H$Vm hmoVr h¡& H$‘ gwZZo dmbo VWm ‘moQ>o eara dmbo hmoVo h¢&
2. ¶o ~mbH$ emar[aH$ ê$n go J«ñV hmoZo Ho$ gm‘mݶ ~mbH$ emar[aH$ ê$n go ñdñW
Cn¶w©³V n[a^mfmAm| H$m {dñV¥V Aܶ¶Z H$aZo Ho$ CnamÝV, h‘
H$maU ‘mZ{gH$ ~r‘m[a¶m| go J«ñV hmoVo h¢& hmoZo Ho$ H$maU, ‘mZ{gH$ ~r‘m[a¶m| go
{d{eîQ> ~mbH$ H$s n[a^mfm Bg àH$ma go H$a gH$Vo h¢- J«ñV Zht hmoVo h¢ {OgHo$ H$maU OëXr
{d{eîQ> ~mbH$ dh h¡, Omo CZ ~mbH$m| go, Omo {H$ emar[aH$, ‘mZ{gH$, g§doJmË‘H$ VZmd d g§Kf© ‘| Zht AmVo h¢&
¶m gm‘m{OH$ JwUm| ‘| Am¡gV h¢, {^ÝZ h¡& 3. {d{eîQ> ~mbH$m| H$s ~w{ÕbpãY 140 go gm‘mݶ ~mbH$m| H$s ~w{ÕbpãY
Á¶mXm hmoVr h¡ ¶m {’$a Am¡gV ¶m gm‘mݶ gm‘mݶV… 90 go 110 Ho$ ~rM hmoVr h¡&
Cn¶©w³V {dMmam| ¶m n[a^mfmAm| Ho$ AmYma na {d{eîQ> ~mbH$ H$s ~mbH$m| H$s ~w{ÕbpãY (90-110) go H$‘
AdYmaUm H$mo ñnîQ> ê$n go g‘Pm Om gH$Vm h¡ VWm ¶h H$hm Om gH$Vm h¡ hmoVr h¡&
{H$ Eogo ~mbH$ gm‘mݶ ~mbH$m| go ~m¡{ÕH$, emar[aH$, gm‘m{OH$ Ed§ g§doJmË‘H$ 4. {d{eîQ> ~mbH$m| H$m AnZo {ZOm| d gm{W¶m| gm‘mݶ ~mbH$ AnZo {ZOm| d gm{W¶m|
ÑpîQ>¶m| go BVZo A{YH$ {^ÝZ hmoVo h¢ {H$ CÝho§ {d{eîQ> àH$ma H$s {ejm ¶m Ho$ gmW g‘m¶moOZ H$aZm H${R>Z hmoVm h¡& Ho$ gmW ^br-^m±{V g‘m¶moOZ H$a boVo
h¡&
AZwXoeZ H$s Amdí¶H$Vm hmoVr h¡&
5. {d{eîQ> ~mbH$ H$jm ‘| ~Vm¶r OmZo dmbr gm‘mݶ ~mbH$ H$jm ‘| Xr J¶r gyMZmAm|
gyMZmAm| H$mo ¶m Vmo A{V erK« grI boVo d ~mVm| H$mo ^br-^m±{V grI boVo h¢&
h¢ ¶m {’$a ~ma-~ma g‘PmZo na ^r Zht
12.4 {d{eîQ> ~mbH$m| Ho$ àH$ma g‘P nmVo h¢&
~mbH$m| Ho$ ì¶p³VËd Ho$ ‘w»¶ Mma nj hmoVo h¢-emar[aH$, ‘mZ{gH$, g§doJmË‘H$ 6. {d{eîQ> ~mbH$ Ka, {dÚmb¶ ¶m g‘mO ‘| gm‘mݶ ~mbH$ Ka, {dÚmb¶ d g‘mO
Ed§ gm‘m{OH$& {deof ê$n go BÝht ‘| {H$gr ~mbH$ H$s gm‘mݶ AWdm Am¡gV AÀN>m g‘m¶moOZ Zht H$a nmVo h¢& ‘| AÀN>m g‘m¶moOZ ñWm{nV H$a boVo h¢&

~mbH$m|o go {^ÝZVm hr {d{eîQ> ~mbH$m| H$s nhMmZ hmoVr h¡& AV… BZ Mma 7. {d{eîQ> ~mbH$m| H$s e¡{jH$ CnbpãY ¶m gm‘mݶ ~mbH$m| H$s e¡{jH$ CnbpãY
Vmo ~hþV AÀN>r ¶m ~hþV ݶyZ ¶m eyݶ AÀN>r hmoVr h¡ {OgHo$ H$maU Ag’$bVm
njm| Ho$ AmYma na {d{eîQ> ~mbH$m| H$m dJuH$aU H$aZm Cn¶w³VV‘ hmoJm& Bg hmoVr h¡ {OgHo$ H$maU àm¶… Ag’$bVm H$m H$m ‘±wh Zht XoIZm n‹S>Vm h¡&
AmYma na {d{eîQ> ~mbH$ Mma àH$ma Ho hmoVo h¢- gm‘Zm H$aVo h¢&
1. emar[aH$ ê$n go {d{eîQ> ~mbH$ 8. {d{eîQ> ~mbH$ àm¶… AÝV‘©wIr hmoVo h¢ Am¡a gm‘mݶ ~mbH$ àm¶… C^¶‘wIr hmoVo h¢
AnZo ‘| hr Imo¶o ahVo h¢& {OgHo$ H$maU EH$-Xÿgao go ‘obOmob
{ejm H$s ÑpîQ> go Bg dJ© ‘| emar[aH$ ê$n go {dH$bm§J ~mbH$ AmVo h¢& ~‹T>mZo ‘| ‘m{ha hmoVo h¢&
g‘m¶moOZ Ed§ {ejm H$s ÑpîQ> go BZ ~mbH$m| H$s {deof ì¶dñWm H$aZm 9. {d{eîQ> ~mbH$ àm¶… A{VAmemdmXr ¶m àm¶… gm‘mݶ ~mbH$ àm¶… AmemdmXr hmoVo h¢
Amdí¶H$ hmoVm h¡& A{V {ZamemdmXr {dMma Ho$ hmoVo h¢ {OgHo$ VWm OrdZ H$mo ì¶mdhm[aH$ T>§J go OrZo
’$bñdê$n Á¶mXm ì¶mdhm[aH$ Zht ‘mZo OmVo h¢& H$s BÀN>m aIVo h¢&
2. ‘mZ{gH$ ê$n go {d{eîQ> ~mbH$
10. {d{eîQ> ~mbH$m| H$m g§doJm| na àm¶… {Z¶§ÌU gm‘mݶ ~mbH$ AnZo g§doJm| na {Z¶§ÌU
Bg dJ© ‘§o à{V^membr, ~w{Õ‘mZ Am¡a JwUdmZ, {nN>‹S>o AWdm Yr‘r J{V go Zht hmoVm {OgHoo$ ’$bñdê$n do ào‘, H«$moY, aIZo ‘| g’$b hmoVo h¢ {OgHo$ ’$bñdê$n
grIZo dmbo Am¡a ‘ÝX ~w{Õ ~mbH$ hmoVo h¢& B©î¶m©, K¥Um VWm AmZÝX Am{X H$mo AghO do ào‘, H«$moY, B©î¶m©, K¥Um, AmZÝX Am{X
T>§J go àX{e©V H$aVo h¢& H$mo ghO T>§J go àX{e©V H$aVo h¢&
3. g§doJmË‘H$ ê$n go {d{eîQ> ~mbH$
11. {d{eîQ> ~mbH$ àm¶… A{V ‘hËdmH$m§jr gm‘mݶ ~mbH$ A{V ‘hËdmH$m§jr Zht
Bg dJ© ‘| ApñWa, e‘ubo, {MÝVmJ«ñV Am¡a H«$moYr ~mbH$ AmVo h¢& ñd^md Ho$ hmoVo h¢& hmoVo h¡ ~pëH$ do ‘ܶ‘ gmoM aIVo h¢&
4. gm‘m{OH$ ê$n go {d{eîQ> ~mbH$ 12. {d{eîQ> ~mbH$m| ‘| AÝV{Z©{hV j‘VmAm| H$mo gm‘mݶ ~mbH$m| ‘| AÝV{Z©{hV j‘VmAm|
Bg dJ© ‘| ‘w»¶ ê$n go g‘ñ¶mË‘H$ ~mbH$, ¶Wm Mmoar H$aZo dmbo, PyR> ~mobZo àñ’w${Q>V H$aZo hoVw {deof {ejm d {deof H$mo àñ’w${Q>V H$aZo hoVw gm‘mݶ {ejm
godmAm| H$s Amdí¶H$Vm n‹S>Vr h¡& H$s Amdí¶H$Vm n‹S>Vr h¡&
dmbo, ‘mXH$ Ðì¶m| H$m godZ H$aZo dmbo ~mbH$, AnamYr ~mbH$, d§{MV ~mbH$,
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&

n¥îR> 204 {d{eîQ> ~mbH$ àJʶ

¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&

12.6 à{V^membr ~mbH$ {H$gr {deof ¶mo½¶Vm ‘| loîR> hmoVm h¡ Am¡a Omo ¶mo½¶Vm Cgo g‘mO Ho$ CËWmZ Ed§ OrdZ
Ho$ ñVa H$mo CR>mZo Ho$ {bE {deof ¶moJXmZ XoZo dmbm ~Zm XoVr h¡&
à{V^membr ~mbH$ {H$gr ^r g‘mO AWdm amîQ´> H$s A‘yë¶ {Z{Y hmoVo h¢& BÝh|
AZoH$ àH$ma Ho$ Zm‘m| go nwH$mam OmVm h¡& O¡go-loîR> ~mbH$, Hw$emJ« ~w{Õ dmbo
12.6.2 à{V^membr ~mbH$m| H$s nhMmZ
~mbH$, Or{Z¶g, Q>¡boÝQ>oS> VWm M‘H$Zo dmbo N>mÌ Am{X& BZH$s ~w{Õ bpãY
¶Ú{n gm‘mݶ AdbmoH$Z go hr à{V^membr ~mbH$m| ‘| gm‘mݶ ~mbH$m| go
135 ¶m Bggo A{YH$ hmoVr h¡& gm‘mݶ {dVaU dH«$ ‘| ¶h dH«$ Ho$ YZmË‘H$
{^ÝZ Hw$N> ‘hÎdnyU© {deofVm¶| n[ab{jV hmo OmVr h¢ {’$a ^r BZH$s {d{YdV
N>moa na pñWV hmoVo h¢& Eogo ~mbH$ {H$gr ^r Om{V, g‘mO, g‘wXm¶, Y‘©,
nhMmZ H$aZm Amdí¶H$ h¡& ¶±y {H$gr ^r Xoe ‘| à{V^membr ~mbH$m| H$s g§»¶m
Am{W©H$ pñW{V VWm ehar d J«m‘rU joÌ ‘| nm¶o Om gH$Vo h¢&
CZH$s Hw$b g§»¶m H$m bJ^J 10% hr hmoVr h¡ na O~ VH$ BZH$s nhMmZ
12.6.1 à{V^membr ~mbH$ H$m AW© Ed§ n[a^mfm Zhr§ H$s OmVr Am¡a BÝh| Aݶ go AbJ Zht {H$¶m OmVm V~ VH$ BZH$s {ejm

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gm‘mݶV¶m Am¡gV ñVa Ho$ ~mbH$m| go A{YH$ ~w{Õ‘mZ ~mbH$m| H$mo à{V^membr H$s {deof àH$ma go ì¶dñWm Zht H$s Om gH$Vr&
~mbH$ H$hm OmVm h¡& A{YH$ ~w{Õ‘mZ hmoZo Ho$ H$maU à{V^membr ~mbH$ à{V^membr ~mbH$m| H$mo nhMmZZo H$s à‘wI {d{Y¶m± Ed§ narjU
gm‘mݶ ~mbH$m| H$s VwbZm ‘| g^r ~mVm| ‘| loîR>Va hmoVo h¡§& à{V^membr {ZåZ{b{IV h¢-
~mbH$m| Ho$ {df¶ ‘| ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| Ho$ {^ÝZ-{^ÝZ ‘V h¢& Hw$N> ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ 1. gm‘mݶ AdbmoH$Z
CÀM ~w{Õ dmbo ~mbH$m| H$mo à{V^membr ~mbH$ ‘mZVo h¢ Am¡a Hw$N> ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ BgHo$ AÝVJ©V Hw$N> gm‘mݶ {deofVmAm| H$m gyú‘ AdbmoH$Z {H$¶m Om gH$Vm
{H$gr joÌ {deof ‘| CÀM ¶mo½¶Vm aIZo dmbo ~mbH$m| H$mo à{V^membr ~mbH$ h¡, O¡go-
1. emar[aH$ {deofVmAm| H$m {ZarjU
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‘mZVo h¢, O¡go-gm{h˶, H$bm, g§JrV, Z¥Ë¶ Ed§ ¶mpÝÌH$r Am{X ‘| {deof
¶mo½¶Vm dmbo ~mbH$& Hw$N> ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ g¥OZerb ~mbH$m| H$mo hr à{V^membr 2. ‘mZ{gH$ {deofVmAm| H$m {ZarjU
~mbH$m| H$s loUr ‘| aIVo h¢& 3. gm‘m{OH$ g‘m¶moOZ Ed§ ì¶p³VËd gå~ÝYr {deofVmAm| H$m
BZ g~ {dMmam| H$mo gpå‘{bV H$a {X¶m Om¶o Vmo à{V^mdmZ ~mbH$ {ZarjU&
H$m grYm AW© hmoVm h¡-Eogm ~mbH$ {Og‘| {dbjU ~w{Õ hmoVr h¡ Am¡a ¶{X 2. ì¶dpñWV AdbmoH$Z
CgHo$ ì¶p³VËd H$m ¶Wmg§^d nyU© {dH$mg H$a {X¶m Om¶o, Vmo dh AnZm 1. AܶmnH$ {ZU©¶
g‘J« {dH$mg H$aZo Ho$ gmW-gmW g‘mO Ho$ {dH$mg ‘| ^r ‘hÎdnyU© ¶moJXmZ 2. A{^^mdH$ Ed§ {‘Ìm| Ho$ A{^‘V
Xo gH$Vm h¡&
3. à‘mnrH¥$V narjU
à{V^membr ~mbH$, gm‘mݶ ~mbH$m| go g^r ~mVm| ‘| loîR>Va hmoVm
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BgHo$ AÝV©JV à{V^membr ~mbH$m| H$s nhMmZ hoVw {d{^ÝZ ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| Ed§
h¡& CgHo$ {df¶ ‘o§ Hw$N> {dÛmZm| Zo AnZm-AnZm {dMma {ZåZ{b{IV ê$n ‘|
{dÛmZm| Ûmam {Z{‘©V à‘mnrH¥$V Ed§ {dídgZr¶ narjUm| H$m à¶moJ {H$¶m OmVm
춳V {H$¶m h¡-
h¡ {OZ‘| go Hw$N> à‘wI Bg àH$ma h¢-
1. Q>‘©Z d AmoS>Z Ho$ AZwgma- 1. ~w{Õ narjU - à{V^membr ~mbH$m| H$s nhMmZ Ho$ {b¶o {d{^ÝZ
à{V^membr ~mbH$- emar[aH$ JR>Z, gm‘m{OH$ g‘m¶moOZ, ì¶p³VËd Ho$ bjUm|, àH$ma Ho$ ~w{Õ narjUm| H$m à¶moJ {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡& ¶o narjU
{dÚmb¶-CnbpãY, Iob H$s gyMZmAm| Am¡a ê${M¶m| H$s ~hþê$nVm ‘| gm‘mݶ ~mbH$m| gm‘y{hH$ ¶m ì¶p³VJV Vm¡a na àem{gV {H$¶o Om gH$Vo h¢ VWm
go ~hþV loîR> hmoVo h¢& Amdí¶H$VmZwgma empãXH$ Ed§ AempãXH$ hmo gH$Vo h¢, naÝVw BZ
narjUm| Ho$ à¶moJ hoVw {ejH$ H$m à{e{jV hmoZm A˶ÝV Amdí¶H$
2. ’$brJa VWm {~e Ho$ AZwgma-
h¡&
à{V^membr ~mbH$m| H$s loUr ‘| do ~mbH$ AmVo h¢ Omo AnZr loîR> ~m¡{ÕH$ j‘Vm 2. CnbpãY narjÊm - Bg àH$ma H$s narjmAm| ‘| {dÚm{W©¶m| H$s
Ed§ {H«$¶mË‘H$ ¶mo½¶Vm Ho$ ~b na e¡{jH$ CnbpãY¶m| ‘§o {dÚmb¶ ñVa na CÀM ñWmZ
CnbpãY¶m| H$m kmZ ^br-^m±{V hmo OmVm h¡& CÀM ñVa H$s
àmá H$aZo dmbo 15-20 à{VeV ~mbH$m| ‘| gpå‘{bV hmoVo h¢ Am¡a AWdm {H$gr {deof
joÌ O¡go-J{UV, ¶m§{ÌH$s, {dkmZ, H$bmË‘H$ A{^ì¶p³V, CÀM ñVar¶ à{V^m aIVo
CnbpãY ~mbH$m| Ho$ à{V^mdmZ hmoZo H$s Amem OmJ«V H$aVr h¡&
h¢ Am¡a AnZo n¶m©daU go {ZnQ>Zo H$s AZmoIr g¥OZmË‘H$ ¶mo½¶Vm aIVo h¢& 3. A{^ê${M narjU -ê${M narjUm| Ho$ AmYma na ~mbH$m| H$s {H$gr
{deof joÌ ‘| ê${M Ho$ ~mao ‘| AZw‘mZ bJmH$a CgH$s à{V^m
3. nm°b {dQ>r Ho$ AZwgma- H$mo Cgr joÌ ‘| {ZImam Om gH$Vm h¡& Bggo à{V^mdmZ ~mbH$
àIa ~w{Õ ~mbH$ dh h¡ Omo {H$gr H$m¶© H$mo H$aZo Ho$ à¶mg ‘| {ZaÝVa CÀM ñVa A˶{YH$ g’$bVm àmá H$a gH$Vo h¢&
~Zm¶o aIVm h¡& 4. ê${M narjU - ê${M narjUm| Ho$ AmYma na ~mbH$m| H$s {H$gr
{deof joÌ ‘| ê${M Ho$ ~mao ‘| AZw‘mZ bJmH$a CgH$s à{V^m
4. H$m°bg{ZH$ Ho$ AZwgma- H$mo Cgr joÌ ‘| {ZImam Om gH$Vm h¡& Bggo à{V^mdmZ ~mbH$
à{V^membr eãX Cg ~mbH$ Ho$ {bE à¶moJ {H$¶m OmVm h¡ Omo AnZo Am¶w dJ© ‘| A˶{YH$ g’$bVm àmá H$a gH$Vo h¢&
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
àJʶ {d[eîQ> ~mbH$
5. ì¶p³VËd narjU - {d{^ÝZ CnbãY ì¶p³VËd ‘mn{Z¶m| Ho$ AmYma
na {H$gr ~mbH$ {deof Ho$ ì¶p³VËd Ho$ {d{^ÝZ Am¶m‘ kmV H$a
CgHo$ {d{eîQ> AWdm à{V^mdmZ hmoZo H$m AmH$bZ {H$¶m Om gH$Vm
h¡&
4. S>rhmZ Am¡a H$’$ H$s gyMr Ho$ AmYma na
BZ g~ {d{Y¶m| Ho$ A{V[a³V S>rhmZ VWm H$’$ Zo à{V^mdmZ ~mbH$m| Ho$ JwUm|
H$s EH$ Eogr gyMr V¡¶ma H$s h¡ {OgHo$ AmYma na à{V^mdmZ ~mbH$m| H$m nVm
bJm¶m Om gH$Vm h¡& ¶h gyMr {ZåZ{b{IV h¡-
1. Eogo ~mbH$ g~ Hw$N> AmgmZr go ¶mX H$a boVo h¢&
2. ¶o ñnîQ> ê$n go gmoMZo, AWm] H$mo g‘PZo Am¡a gå~ÝYm| H$s nhMmZ
H$aZo ‘| loîR> hmoVo h¢&
3. gm‘mݶ ~w{Õ H$m à¶moJ A{YH$ H$aVo h¢&
4. {~Zm aQ>o g‘PZo ‘| A{YH$ {dídmg H$aVo h¢&
5. eãX kmZ ~hþV {dñV¥V hmoVm h¡&
6. H${R>Z H$m¶m] H$mo AmgmZr go H$a boVo h¢&
7. ‘m¡{bH$ {MÝVZ H$a gH$Vo h¢&
BZ‘| go {H$gr EH$ AWdm AZoH$ Cn¶w³V {d{Y¶m| Ed§ CnH$aUm| H$m
à¶moJ H$aHo$ à{V^mdmZ ~mbH$m| H$s nhMmZ H$s Om gH$Vr h¡&
12.6.3 à{V^membr ~mbH$m| H$s {deofVmE±
à{V^membr ~mbH$m| H$s {deofVmAm| na ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| Zo AZoH$ Aܶ¶Z {H$¶o
h¢& BZ‘| OmoÝg, Q>‘©Z, OopÝH$Ýg, {dQ>r, hm°qbJdW©, pñH$Za, bo{dg, ë¶ygoQ>m
VWm h¡[a‘¡Z Am{X Ho$ H$m¶© ‘hÎdnyU© ‘mZo OmVo h¢& BZHo$ {ZîH$fm] H$mo gpå‘{bV
H$aHo$ à{V^membr ~mbH$m| H$s {ZåZ{b{IV {deofVmE± ~VbmB© Om gH$Vr h¢-
1. emar[aH$ {deofVmE±
1. A{YH$Va à{V^membr ~mbH$m| H$m OÝ‘ Ho$ g‘¶ ^ma d bå~mB©
Am¡gV ~mbH$m| go A{YH$ hmoVo h¢&
2. à{V^membr ~mbH$m| H$m ‘wI‘ÊS>b Am^m¶w³V Ed§ kmZopÝжm±
A{YH$ g{H«$¶ hmoVr h¢&
3. à{V^mdmZ ~mbH$ emar[aH$ ÑpîQ> go ñdñW hmoVo h¢&
2. ‘mZ{gH$ {deofVmE±
1. à{V^mdmZ ~mbH$m| H$m ì¶p³VËd, CZH$m qMVZ, CZH$s H$m¶©e¡br
Am¡a CZH$s {d{eîQ> à{V^m CÝh| g‘yh ‘| EH$ {deof ñWmZ àXmZ
H$aVr h¡&
2. BZH$s ‘mZ{gH$ ep³V¶m±- {ZarjU, H$ënZm, VH©$, ñ‘¥{V, {dMma,
{ZU©¶ Am{X ~hþV CÀMH$mo{Q> H$s hmoVr h¡&
3. BZ ~mbH$m| H$s ~w{Õ bpãY A{YH$m§eV… 130 go A{YH$ hmoVr h¡&
4. BZHo$ grIZo H$s J{V Vrd« Ed§ ewÕ hmoVr h¡ VWm ñ‘aU ep³V CÀM
ñVa H$r hmoVr h¡&
5. ¶o ~mbH$ ñdV§Ì Ed§ erK« {ZU©¶ boZo ‘| n¶m©á g‘W© hmoVo h¢&
6. BZ ~mbH$m| ‘| àm¶… ZoV¥Ëd H$s j‘Vm hmoVr h¡&
7. ¶o ~mbH$ AnZr H${‘¶m| H$mo nhMmZVo h¢ VWm Xÿgam| Ho$ gwPmd
AmgmZr go ‘mZ boVo h¢&
n¥îR> 205
8. BZH$s {dMmaYmam AZwJ‘Z VWm AZwH$aU na AmYm[aV Z hmoH$a
‘m¡{bH$ hmoVr h¡&
9. ¶o ‘yV© VWm A‘yV© XmoZm| àH$ma H$m {MÝVZ H$aZo ‘| gj‘ hmoVo h¢&
10. Am‘Vm¡a na BZ ~mbH$m| na ~war g§JV H$m Aga Zht n‹S>Vm, {H$ÝVw
H$^r-H$^r {df‘ n[apñW{V¶m| go à{V{H«$¶mde ¶o ZH$mamË‘H$
qMVZ H$aZo bJVo h¢&
11. ¶o ~mbH$ ^mdr d¡km{ZH$, H${d, gm{h˶H$ma, {MÝVH$, {dMmaH$,
{ejm{dX² VWm AZwg§YmZH$Vm© hmoVo h¢&
3. g§doJmË‘H$ {deofVmE±
1. ¶o ~mbH$ AnZo g§doJm| na {Z¶§ÌU aIZo ‘| Hw$eb hmoVo h¢&
2. ¶o ~mbH$ Z¡{VH$ ‘yë¶m| H$mo ‘mZZo dmbo VWm AZwemgZ{චhmoVo h¢&
3. Eogo ~mbH$ AÝY{dídmgr, nydm©J«hm|, njnmV Am¡a Hw${Q>b ^mdZmAm|
go Xÿa ahH$a g˶ d V϶ ‘| {dídmg aIVo h¢&
4. ¶o ~mbH$ Z Vmo ñd¶§ Aݶm¶ H$aVo h¢ Am¡a Z hr Xÿgam| Ho$ Aݶm¶
H$mo ghZ H$a nmVo h¢&
5. ¶o ~mbH$ gm‘m{OH$ ì¶dhma H$s ÑpîQ> go X¶mbw, CXma, namonH$mar,
B©©‘mZXma, H$Îm©ì¶nam¶U Ed§ {eîQ>mMma {චhmoVo h¢&
6. ñd^md go ¶o ~mbH$ gmhgr, Y¡¶©dmZ, AmemdmXr, AmË‘{dídmgr Ed§
{Z^uH$ hmoH$a AnZm ñd¶§ H$m ‘mJ© ImoOZo dmbo hmoVo h¢&
7. H$^r-H$^r ¶o ~mbH$ eamaVr, ZQ>IQ>, M§Mb Am¡a g‘ñ¶m ~mbH$
~Z OmVo h¢ {H$ÝVw ¶h pñW{V b§~o g‘¶ VH$ Zht ahVr& Am¶w Ho$
AZwgma n[an³dVm AmZo Ho$ gmW hr ¶o AnZr Yra-Jå^ra pñW{V
‘| Am OmVo h¢&
4. gm‘m{OH$ g‘m¶moOZ gå~ÝYr {deofVmE±
1. BZ‘| dmVmdaU Ho$ gmW g‘m¶moOZ, AZwHy$bZ VWm g‘ñ¶m
g‘mYmZ H$s j‘Vm gm‘mݶ go A{YH$ hmoVr h¡&
2. à{V^membr ~mbH$m| Ho$ H$m¶© H$aZo Ed§ ahZ-ghZ H$m T>§J A{Z¶{‘V
Ed§ ~oVaVr~ hmoVm h¢&
3. Bg àH$ma Ho$ ~mbH$m| ‘| gm‘mݶrH$aU H$s j‘Vm ^r A{YH$ hmoVr
h¡&
4. ¶o ~mbH$ AnZr g¥OZmË‘H$ VWm {d{eîQ> à{V^mAm| H$mo n[apñW{V¶m|
Ho$ {dnarV hmoZo Ho$ ~mdOyX AnZr g§Kf© H$aZo H$s j‘Vm go {dH${gV
H$aZo ‘| g‘W© hmoVo h¢&
12.6.4 à{V^membr ~mbH$ H$s {ejm
à{V^membr ~mbH$m| H$mo {H$g àH$ma H$s {ejm Xr OmZr Mm{hE? BgH$m CËVa
XoVo hþE h¡dJhñQ>© Zo H$hm h¡ {H$
à{V^membr ~mbH$m| Ho$ {bE {ejm H$m g’$b H$m¶©H«$‘ dhr hmo gH$Vm h¡, {OgH$m
CX²Xoí¶ CZH$s {d{^ÝZ ¶mo½¶VmAm| H$m {dH$mg H$aZm hmo&
Bg H$WZ Ho$ AZwgma à{V^membr ~mbH$m| H$s {ejm H$m H$m¶©H«$‘ {ZåZ
àH$ma hmoZm Mm{hE-
1. gm‘mݶ ê$n go H$jmoÝZ{V H$s OmE
Hw$N> ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| H$m H$hZm h¡ {H$ à{V^membr ~mbH$m| H$mo EH$ df© ‘| Xmo ~ma
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
n¥îR> 206 {d{eîQ> ~mbH$
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
H$jmoÝZ{V Xr OmZr Mm{hE& CgHo$ R>rH$ {dnarV, Xÿgao ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| H$m {dMma
h¡ {H$ Bg Vah H$m H$aZm, CZH$mo grIZo H$s à{H«$¶m Ho$ H«${‘H$ {dH$mg Ho$
bm^ go d§{MV H$aZm h¡& CZH$m {dMma ^r ¶h h¡ {H$ ¶h H$moB© Amdí¶H$ Zhr
h¡ {H$ CZH$s g~ {df¶m| ‘| {deof ¶mo½¶Vm hmo hr& Bg Vah H$r Xem ‘| CÀM
H$jm ‘| nh±þMH$a CZ‘| Ag‘m¶moOZ CËnÝZ {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡& AV… H«$mo Ed§
H«$mo H$m H$hZm h¡ {H$
à{V^membr ~mbH$ H$mo gm‘mݶ ê$n go {d{^ÝZ H$jmAm| ‘| Aܶ¶Z H$aZm Mm{hE&
BgH$m AW© ¶h h¡ {H$ à{V^membr ~mbH$m| H$mo df© Ho$ AÝV ‘| Cgr
àH$ma H$jmoÝZ{V Xr OmZr Mm{hE {Og àH$ma Aݶ ~mbH$m| H$mo Xr OmVr h¡&
2. gm‘mݶ ~mbH$m| Ho$ gmW {ejm Xr OmE
Hw$N> ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| H$m {dMma h¢ {H$ à{V^membr ~mbH$m| H$mo gm‘mݶ ~mbH$m|
go AbJ {deof àH$ma H$s H$jmAm| VWm {deof àH$ma Ho$ {dÚmb¶m| ‘| {ejm
Xr OmZr Mm{hE& CZHo$ {dMma Ho$ {damoY ‘|o Xÿgao ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| H$m VH©$ h¡ {H$
Bg Vah H$s H$jm¶| VWm {dÚmb¶, à{V^membr ~mbH$m| ‘| Ag‘m¶moOZ H$s
XmofnyU© àd¥[Îm H$mo g~b ~ZmVo h¢& CÝh| Bg àd¥{Îm go ‘w³V aIZo VWm CZ‘|
g‘m¶moOZ Ho$ JwU H$m {dH$mg H$aZo Ho$ {bE Amdí¶H$ h¡ {H$ CZH$mo gm‘mݶ
~mbH$m| Ho$ gmW hr {ejm àXmZ H$s OmE&
3. {deof Ed§ {dñV¥V nmR²>¶H«$‘ V¡¶ma H$s OmE
EH$ df© ‘| Xmo ~ma CÝZ{V XoZo Ho$ Abmdm à{V^membr ~mbH$m| Ho$ {bE {deof
àH$ma H$m VWm {dñV¥V nmR²>¶H«$‘ H$m {Z‘m©U {H$¶m OmZm Mm{hE& Bg nmR²>¶H«$‘
‘| A{YH$ VWm H${R>Z {df¶ hmoZo Mm{hE, Vm{H$ do AnZr {deof ¶mo½¶VmAm| Ho$
’$bñdê$n A{YH$ kmZ H$m AO©Z H$a gH|$&
à{V^membr ~mbH$m| Ho$ nmR²>¶H«$‘ Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘| AnZo {dMma 춳V
H$aVo hþE pñH$Za Zo H$hm h¡ {H$ -
BZ ~mbH$m| Ho$ nmR²>¶H«$‘ H$m {Z‘m©U Bg àH$ma {H$¶m OmZm Mm{hE {Oggo CZH$s
‘m¡{IH$ ¶mo½¶Vm, gm‘mݶ ‘mZ{gH$ ¶mo½¶Vm VWm VH©$, {MÝVZ Ed§ aMZmË‘H$ ep³V¶m|
H$m A{YH$ go A{YH$ {dH$mg hmo gHo$& Bg CX²Xoí¶ H$s àm{á Ho$ {bE CZH$mo ImoO,
‘m¡{IH$ VWm ñdV§Ì H$m¶m], {H«$¶mË‘H$ VWm à¶moJmË‘H$ H$m¶m] Ho$ {bE AÀNo>-go-AÀNo>
Adga àXmZ {H$¶o OmZo Mm{hE&
4. {ejH$ H$mo ì¶p³VJV ê$n go ~mbH$mo na ܶmZ XoZm Mm{hE
{ejH$ H$mo à{V^membr ~mbH$m| Ho$ à{V ì¶p³VJV ê$n go ܶmZ XoZm Mm{hE&
Cgo CZH$mo {Z¶{‘V ê$n go nam‘e© VWm {ZX}eZ XoZm Mm{hE& BZ {d{Y¶m| H$m
AZwgaU H$aHo$ hr dh CZH$mo CZH$s {deof ¶mo½¶VmAm| Ho$ AZwgma àJ{V H$aZo
Ho$ {bE AZwàm{UV H$a gH$Vm h¡¡&
5. g§ñH¥${V H$s {ejm Xr OmE
hm°qbJdW© H$m H$hZm h¡ {H$-
à{V^membr ~mbH$m| H$mo AnZr g§ñH¥${V Ho$ {dH$mg H$s {ejm Xr OmZr Mm{hE, Vm{H$
do g‘mO ‘| AnZm C{MV ñWmZ àmá H$a gH|$&
6. {deof Aܶ¶Z H$s gw{dYmE± Xr OmE
à{V^membr ~mbH$m| H$mo gm‘mݶ {df¶m| Ho$ Aܶ¶Z ‘| {deof ê$n go ê${M hmoVr
h¡& CZH$s Bg ê${M H$m {dH$mg H$aZo VWm CZH$mo A{YH$ Aܶ¶Z Ho$ {bE
àJʶ
àmoËgm{hV H$aZo Ho$ {dMma go ha EH$ {dÚmb¶ ‘| {d{^ÝZ {df¶m| H$s nwñVH$m|
go gwgpÁOV nwñVH$mb¶ hmoZm Mm{hE& Bg Vah H$s e¡{jH$ gw{dYmE± CZH$mo
A{YH$ kmZ H$mo hm{gb H$aZo ‘| Anyd© ghm¶Vm àXmZ H$s H$aVr h¡&
7. nmR²>¶H«$‘ ghJm‘r {H«$¶mAm| H$m Am¶moOZ {H$¶m OmE
à{V^membr ~mbH$m| ‘| ê${M¶m| H$m ~mhþë¶ A{YH$ hmoVm h¡& CZH$s gÝVwpîQ>
Ho$db Aܶ¶Z ‘mÌ go hr Zhr hmo gH$Vr h¡& AV… {dÚmb¶m| H$mo A{YH$ go
A{YH$ nmR²>¶H«$‘ ghJm‘r {H«$¶mAm| H$m CÎm‘ Am¶moOZ H$aZm Mm{hE&
8. ZoV¥Ëd H$m à{ejU {X¶m OmE
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H«$mo Ed§ H«$mo H$m H$hZm h¡ {H$-
³¶m|{H$ h‘ à{V^membr ~mbH$ go ZoV¥Ëd H$s Amem H$aVo h¢, Bg{bE CgH$mo
{d{eîQ> n[apñW{V¶m| ‘| ZoV¥Ëd H$m Adga Am¡a à{ejU {X¶m OmZm Mm{hE&
9. gm‘m{OH$ AZw^dm| Ho$ Adga àXmZ {H$¶o OmE
à{V^membr ~mbH$m| H$mo gm‘mݶ ~mbH$m| H$s gm‘m{OH$ {H«$¶mAm| go AbJ Zht
aIZm Mm{hE& BZ {H«$¶mAm| ‘| ^mJ boH$a hr CZH$mo gm‘m{OH$ AZw^d àmá
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hmo gH$Vo h¢& ¶o AZw^d CZH$mo {ZpíMV ê$n go gm‘m{OH$ g‘m¶moOZ H$aZo ‘|o
ghm¶Vm àXmZ H$a gH$Vo h¢& BZ AZw^dm| Ho$ A^md ‘| do Ag‘m¶mo{OV hmo
gH$Vo h¢& O¡gm {H$ H«$mo Ed§ H«$mo Zo H$hm h¡ {H$-
à{V^membr ~mbH$ H$mo gm‘m{OH$ AZw^d àmá H$aZo Ho$ Adga {X¶o OmZo Mm{hE,
Vm{H$ dh gm‘m{OH$ Ag‘m¶moOZ go AnZr ajm H$a gHo$&
10. ì¶p³VËd H$m nyU© {dH$mg {H$¶m OmE
eo’$sb Zo AnZr nwñVH$ ‘| {bIm h¡ {H$ à{V^membr ~mbH$ H$s {ejm H$m ‘w»¶
CX²Xoí¶ h‘oem CgHo$ ì¶p³VËd H$m nyU© {dH$mg H$aZm hmoZm Mm{hE& Bg {Xem
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‘| n[adma, {dÚmb¶ VWm g‘mO H$mo EH$-Xÿgao H$mo Bg àH$ma gh¶moJ XoZm
Mm{hE {H$ àmapå^H$ ~më¶mdñWm go {H$emoamdñWm VH$ CgHo$ ì¶p³VËd H$m
nyU© ê$noU {dH$mg hmo gHo &
à{V^membr ~mbH$m| H$m {ejU H$aVo g‘¶ {ZåZ {~ÝXþAm| H$mo ܶmZ
‘| aIZm Amdí¶H$ h¡-
1. à{V^membr ~mbH$m| H$mo gw{Z¶mo{OV H$m¶©H«$‘ Ho$ ‘mܶ‘ go
ì¶dpñWV T>§J go H$m¶©aV aIm OmZm Mm{hE&
2. BZ ~mbH$m| Ho$ {ejU ‘| {ZJ‘Z, g§íbofU, à¶moJembr ô¶y[apñQ>H$
Ed§ àmoOo³Q> {d{Y¶m| H$m à¶moJ H$aZm Mm{hE&
3. BZ ~mbH$m| Ho$ gå‘wI ñWyb ¶m à˶j dñVwAm| Ho$ ñWmZ na Jy‹T>
à˶¶ grYo hr àñVwV {H$¶o Om gH$Vo h¢&
4. à{V^membr ~mbH$m| H$mo EH$ hr g‘ñ¶m H$mo {d{^ÝZ VarH$m| go hb
H$aZo Ho$ {bE àmoËgmhZ XoZm Mm{hE&
5. BZ ~mbH$m| H$mo ì¶dpñWV gm‘J«r Ho$ ‘mܶ‘ go n‹T>mZm Mm{hE&
6. Eogo ~mbH$m| H$mo H$^r-H$^r H$jm H$mo n‹T>mZo H$m H$m¶© ^r gm¢nm
OmZm Mm{hE&
7. {ejH$m| H$s Eogo ~mbH$m| Ho$ {b¶o g‘¶-g‘¶ na e¡{jH$ Ed§
ì¶mdgm{¶H$ {ZX}eZ H$s ì¶dñWm H$aZr Mm{hE {Oggo {H$gr ^r
ñVa na H$moB© MyH$ Z hmo&
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
àJʶ {d[eîQ> ~mbH$
12.6.5 à{V^membr ~mbH$m| H$s g‘ñ¶mAm| Ho$ H$maU
à{V^membr ~mbH$m| H$s Hw$N> ‘yb^yV Amdí¶H$VmE± hmoVr h¢& BZ Amdí¶H$VmAm|
H$s ny{V© Zht hmoZo Ho$ H$maU ¶o g‘ñ¶mE± n¡Xm H$aVo h¢& BZH$s Amdí¶H$VmAm|
H$mo ‘w»¶ ê$n go nm±M dJm] ‘| aIm Om gH$Vm h¡-
1. kmZ A{O©V H$aZo H$s bmbgm
2. g¥OZmË‘H$Vm Ed§ à{V^m àXe©Z H$s Amdí¶H$Vm
3. {d{eîQ> ¶mo½¶VmAm| Ho$ {dH$mg H$s Amdí¶H$Vm
4. AnZo AmnH$mo àX{e©V H$aZo H$s A{^bmfm
5. ào‘, gwajm Am¡a gå‘mZ H$s Amdí¶H$Vm
Cn¶w©³V Amdí¶H$VmAm| Ed§ A{^bmfmAm| H$s ny{V© Zht hmoZo na
à{V^membr ~mbH$ ‘mZ{gH$ ê$n go CÛo{bV hmo OmVo h¢ Am¡a g§doJmË‘H$ ê$n
go ApñWa hmo OmVo h¢ Am¡a Bg H$maU CZ‘| Hw$g‘m¶moOZ H$s àd¥[Îm H$m {dH$mg
hmoZo bJVm h¡ Amoa ¶ht go g‘ñ¶mE± àmaå^ hmoVr h¢& BÝh| C{MV n¶m©daU H$s
Amdí¶H$Vm hmoVr h¡ {Og‘| CZH$s j‘VmAm| Ed§ ¶mo½¶VmAm| H$m {dH$mg hmo
gHo$ Am¡a CZH$s {OkmgmE± emÝV hmo gH|$& H$^r-H$^r ¶o ~mbH$ A{YH$ àíZ
nyN>Zo H$s àd¥[Îm Ho$ H$maU, kmZ {nnmgm emÝV Z hmoZo Ho$ H$maU Am¡a AnZr
à{V^mAm| Ho$ àH$Q>rH$aU Ho$ Adga CnbãY Z hmoZo Ho$ H$maU AnZo AmnH$mo
Agwa{jV Ed§ {VañH¥$V g‘PVo h¢ Am¡a A{^^mdH$m| Ed§ {ejH$m| Ûmam ^r CZHo$
à{V ¶hr ^mdZm hmoZo na do AmH«$m‘H$ hmo CR>Vo h¢ Am¡a Bg H$maU H$B© g‘ñ¶mE±
CËnÝZ hmo OmVr h¢&
Bg àH$ma BZ ~mbH$m| Ho$ {bE n¶m©á gw{dYmE± CnbãY Zht hmoZo
Ho$ H$maU Am¡a CZHo$ à{V Cnojm H$s ^mdZm hmoZo Ho$ H$maU ¶o AnZo AmnH$mo
g‘m¶mo{OV Zht H$a nmVo Am¡¡a Hw$g‘m¶moOZ H$s Amoa ~‹T>Vo h¢& Bg Vah go
CZH$s à{V^m H$m Cn¶moJ Zht hmoVm& AV… BZ ~mbH$m| na g^r njm| Ûmam
{deof ܶmZ XoZo H$s Amdí¶H$Vm h¡&
12.7 g¥OZmË‘H$ ~mbH$
{H$gr ^r g‘mO d amîQ´> Ho$ {dH$mg ‘| d¡km{ZH$m| H$s ^m±{V g¥OZerb ì¶p³V¶m|
H$m ^r ‘hÎdnyU© ¶moJXmZ hmoVm h¡& g¥OZmË‘H$Vm ì¶p³V H$m ‘m¡{bH$ JwU h¡&
à˶oH$ ì¶p³V ‘| ¶h JwU {H$gr Z {H$gr ‘mÌm ‘| nm¶m OmVm h¡& dmñVd ‘|
g§gma Ho$ g‘ñV àm{U¶m| ‘| g¥OZmË‘H$Vm hmoVr h¡& ‘mZd-OrdZ H$mo gwI‘¶
~ZmZo Ho$ {bE ZdrZ Am{dîH$ma H$aZo VWm g‘ñ¶mAm| H$m g‘mYmZ ImoOZo Ho$
H$m¶© ‘| g¥OZmË‘H$Vm ¶m aMZmË‘H$Vm ~mbH$ Ho$ AÝXa dh ¶mo½¶Vm h¡ Omo ZdrZ
dñVw H$m {Z‘m©U H$aZo, g‘ñ¶mAm| H$m g‘mYmZ Ty>±‹T>Zo, ZdrZ n[apñW{V¶m| ‘|
g‘m¶moOZ H$aZo, OrdZ ‘| EH$ A{^Zd g‘P, gmoM Am¡a ì¶dhma go hmoVm
h¡& {dÚmb¶ ‘| AZoH$ Eogo ~mbH$ hmoVo h¢ {OZH$s àH¥${V g¥OZmË‘H$ hmoVr
h¡& g¥OZmË‘H$ ~mbH$m| H$mo CZH$s ¶mo½¶VmZwgma {ejm ì¶dñWm H$aZm à˶oH$
g‘mO d amîQ´> H$m H$Îm©ì¶ hmoVm h¡ ³¶m|{H$ Eogo ~mbH$ g‘mO d amîQ´> H$s A‘yë¶
Yamoha hmoVo h¢ VWm gm‘m{OH$ Ed§ amîQ´>r¶ {dH$mg ‘| Anyd© ¶moJXmZ H$aVo h¢&
12.7.1 g¥OZmË‘H$Vm H$m AW© Ed§ n[a^mfm
g¥OZmË‘H$Vm ì¶p³V H$m ‘m¡{bH$ JwU hmoVm h¡& BgH$m VmËn¶©-H$moB© Z¶r dñVw
n¥îR> 207
~ZmZm, Z¶o {dMma XoZm, ZdrZV‘ AZwg§YmZ H$aZm Am{X go hmoVm h¡& Hw$N>
‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| Zo g¥OZmË‘H$Vm H$m AW© gmh{gH$ {MÝVZ, ZdrZ AZw^d,
naånamJV brH$ go hQ>H$a Z¶o amñVo na MbZm Am{X ~Vm¶m h¡& ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$
H«$mo d H«$mo H$m ‘mZZm h¡ {H$-
g¥OZmË‘H$Vm ‘m¡{bH$ n[aUm‘m| H$mo A{^춳V H$aZo H$s ‘mZ{gH$ à{H«$¶m h¡&
do~ñQ>a eãXH$mof Ho$ AZwgma {H«$¶o{Q>{dQ>r eãX H$s CËn[Îm Ho$ao eãX
go hþB© ‘mZr OmVr h¡, {OgH$m VmËn¶©- ApñVËd ‘| AmZm& Bg eãXH$mof ‘|
{H«$¶oQ> O~ EH$ {H«$¶m Ho$ ê$n ‘| à¶moJ hmoVm h¡ Vmo BgH$m VmËn¶©- ApñVËd ‘|
bmZm AWdm ‘m¡{bH$ ê$n ‘| CËnÝZ hmoZm Am¡a O~ ¶hr eãX {deofU Ho$ ê$n
‘| {H«$¶o{Q>d Ho$ ê$n ‘| à¶moJ {H$¶m OmVm h¡, Vmo CgH$m A{^àm¶- ¶mo½¶Vm,
ep³V, H$ënZm Am{X go {b¶m OmVm h¡&
g¥OZmË‘H$Vm go gå~pÝYV Hw$N> n[a^mfmE± Bg àH$ma h¢-
1. ~¡aZ Ho$ AZwgma-
g¥OZmË‘H$ ~mbH$m| H$m AW© h¡ do ~mbH$ Omo nhbo go {dÚ‘mZ dñVwAm| Am¡a VÎdm|
H$mo g§¶w³V H$aHo$ {H$gr ZdrZ dñVw H$m {Z‘m©U H$aVo h¢&
2. {Jb’$moS>© Ho$ AZwgma-
g¥OZmË‘H$ ~mbH$m| ‘| A{YH$ gm‘mݶ JwU hmoVo h¢, {Og‘o§ Z Ho$db ‘m¡{bH$Vm hmoVr
h¡ ~pëH$ CZ‘| bMrbmnZ, àdmh‘¶Vm VWm àoaUm d g§¶‘Z Ho$ JwU ^r gpå‘{bV
hmoVo h¢&
3. ‘oS>{ZH$ Ho$ AZwgma-
g¥OZmË‘H$ {MÝVZ ‘| gmhM¶© Ho$ VÎdm| H$m {‘lU ahVm h¡ Omo {d{eîQ> Amdí¶H$VmAm|
H$s ny{V© H$aZo Ho$ {bE g§¶moJerb hmoVo h¢ ¶m {H$gr Aݶ ‘| bm^Xm¶H$ hmoVo h¢& ZdrZ
g§¶moJ Ho$ {dMmam| ‘| Amngr Xÿar {OVZr A{YH$ hmoJr, g¥OZmË‘H$Vm H$s gå^mdZm
CVZr hr A{YH$ hmoJr&’’
4. byWr Ho$ AZwgma-
g¥OZmË‘H$Vm {H$gr MrO H$mo dmñVd ‘| CËnÝZ H$aZo, ~ZmZo ¶m A{^춳V H$aZo,
Omo H$‘ go H$‘ EH$ ^mJ ‘| ñd¶§ go CËnÝZ hmoVr h¡ H$s ¶mo½¶Vm Am¡a gw{dYm h¡&
5. ñQ>oZ Ho$ AZwgma-
g¥OZmË‘H$Vm dh H$m¶© h¡ {OgH$m n[aUm‘ ZdrZ hmo Am¡a {H$gr g‘¶ {H$gr g‘yh
Ûmam Cn¶moJr Am¡a g§VmofOZH$ ê$n ‘| ñdrH$ma {H$¶m Om¶o&
6. S>rhmZ Am¡a hoqdJhñQ>© Ho$ AZwgma-
g¥OZmË‘H$Vm dh JwU h¡ Omo AmH${f©V H$aVm h¡& ¶h ZdrZ CËnmXZ gånyU© g‘mO
AWdm Ho$db CËnmXH$ ì¶p³V Ho$ {bE ZdrZ hmo gH$Vm h¡&
7. Q>moaoÝg Ho$ AZwgma-
aMZmË‘H$Vm g‘ñ¶mAm|, H${R>ZmB¶m|, kmZ ‘| AÝVamb, Imo¶o hþE VÎd, Aì¶dñWm
Am{X, H${R>ZmB© H$s nhMmZ H$aZm, hbm| H$s ImoO H$aZm, AZw‘mZ H$aZm ¶m H${‘¶m|
Ho$ {bE n[aH$ënZmE± ~ZmZm BZ n[aH$ënZmAm| H$m narjU Am¡a nwZn©arjU H$aZm
Am¡a gå^dV… CÝh| gwYmaZm Am¡a narjU H$aZm Am¡a AÝV ‘| n[aUm‘m| H$mo XoZo H$s
à{H«$¶m h¡&
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
n¥îR> 208 {d{eîQ> ~mbH$
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
8. AmBOZoH$ Ho$ AZwgma-
g¥OZerb ~mbH$ ZdrZ gå~ÝYm| Ho$ kmZ H$s, BgH$s CËn[Îm ‘| {MÝVZ Ho$
naånamJV à{V‘mZm| go hQ>H$a AgmYmaU {dMma CËnÝZ H$aZo H$s ¶mo½¶Vm aIVm h¡&
12.7.2 g¥OZmË‘H$ ~mbH$m| Ho$ bjU AWdm {deofVmE±
g¥OZmË‘H$ ~mbH$m| ‘| bJ^J do g^r {deofVmE± hmoVr h¢, Omo à{V^membr
~mbH$m| ‘| nmB© OmVr h¢& ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| Zo g¥OZmË‘H$ ~mbH$m| H$m ~‹S>r ~marH$s
go Aܶ¶Z {H$¶m h¡ Am¡a Hw$N> Eogr {dewÕ {deofVmAm| H$mo ~Vm¶m h¡ Omo Ho$db
g¥OZmË‘H$ ~mbH$m| ‘| hr nmB© OmVr h¢& BZH$m {ddaU Bg àH$ma h¡-
1. ‘m¡{bH$ {MÝVZ d àñVw{V
g¥OZmË‘H$ ~mbH$m| ‘| {H$gr {dMma AWdm dñVw H$mo Z¶m ê$n XoZo Am¡a {H$gr
g‘ñ¶m H$mo Z¶o ‹T>§J go hb H$aZo H$s àd¥{Îm hmoVr h¡ Am¡a Zd {Z‘m©U H$s ep³V
hmoVr h¡& ¶o ‘m¡{bH$ {MÝVZ ‘| {dídmg aIVo h¢&
2. g§doXZerbVm
g¥OZmË‘H$ ~mbH$ ~hþV g§doXZerb hmoVo h¢, {deofV… n[adV©Z Ho$ à{V&
g§doXZerbVm BZHo$ à˶oH$ H$m¶© ‘| XoIZo H$mo {‘bVr h¡&
3. àdmh
{H$gr g‘ñ¶m Ho$ hb AWdm {H$gr dñVw Ho$ {Z‘m©U Ho$ {b¶o {ZaÝVa à¶ËZerb
ahZo H$mo àdmh H$hVo h¢& g¥OZmË‘H$ ~mbH$ àdmhr àH$ma Ho$ hmoVo h¢&
4. ZdrZVm
¶o ~mbH$ gX¡d Hw$N> Z¶m H$aZo Ho$ {b¶o à¶ËZerb ahVo h¢& BZH$m ÑpîQ>H$moU
gm‘mݶ ì¶p³V¶m| go {^ÝZ hmoVm h¡&
5. ñd n«oaU
A{YJ‘ Ed§ ñdV§Ì {ZU©¶-g¥OZerb ~mbH$m| ‘| AmË‘{dídmg hmoVm h¢& ¶o
~mbH$ dmVmdaU go AÝV…{H«$¶m H$aVo hþ¶o ñd¶§ ào[aV hmoZo, ñd¶§ grIZo Ed§
ñdV§Ì {ZU©¶ boZo H$s AX²^wV j‘Vm aIVo h¢&
6. {dñVmaU
{H$gr {dMma H$s AnZo AZw^dm| Ho$ AmYma na {dñV¥V ì¶m»¶m H$aZo H$mo
{dñVmaU H$hVo h¢& g¥OZmË‘H$ ~mbH$m| ‘| {^ÝZ-{^ÝZ ‘mÌm ‘| ¶h JwU nm¶m
OmVm h¡&
7. nwZn©[a^mfrH$aU
nwZn©[a^mfrH$aU H$m AW© h¡ {H$gr àM{bV n[a‘mn H$mo Z¶o ê$n go n[a^m{fV
H$aZm AWm©V² {H$gr dñVw, {H«$¶m AWdm {dMma H$mo nyd© àM{bV ê$n ‘| àñVwV
Z H$a Cgo Z¶o ê$n ‘| àñVwV H$aZm& g¥OZmË‘H$ ~mbH$m| ‘| ¶h {deofVm ^r
hmoVr h¡&
8. Z‘Zr¶Vm
{H$gr g‘ñ¶m Ho$ AZoH$ hb àñVwV H$aZo H$mo Z‘Zr¶Vm H$hVo h¢& ¶o hb
EH$-Xÿgao go {H$VZo {^ÝZ h¢ Am¡a {H$VZo gmW©H$ h¢ ¶h ì¶p³V H$s Z‘Zr¶
j‘Vm na {Z^©a H$aVm h¡& BZHo$ {H«$¶mH$bmnm| ‘| Z‘Zr¶Vm Ed§ bMrbonZ H$m
JwU nm¶m OmVm h¡&
àJʶ
9. AmË‘-gÝVwîQ>
¶o ~mbH$ AnZo bú¶m| AWdm H$m¶m] Ho$ {b¶o gVV² à¶ËZerb ahVo h¢ VWm
AnZo g¥OZmË‘H$ H$m¶m] go AmË‘-gÝVwîQ> ahH$a AHo$bo hr AnZm ‘mJ©
{ZYm©[aV H$aZo ‘| g‘W© hmoVo h¢&
10. {Z^uH$ Ed§ AmË‘{Z^©a
¶o ~mbH$ ñd^md go {Z^uH$, gmhgr, AmË‘{Z^©a Ed§ naånam AWdm brH$ go
hQ>H$a MbZo dmbo hmoVo h¢& ¶o h±g‘wI hmoVo h¢ VWm {dH¥${V¶m| Am¡a MwZm¡{V¶m| H$mo
ñdrH$ma H$aZo H$s {hå‘V aIVo h¢&
www.praganya.org
11. H$ënZm àYmZ
¶o H$ënZm àYmZ hmoVo h¢, O¡gm {H$ AmBÝñQ>rZ Zo H$hm Wm-
kmZ H$s Anojm H$ënZm A{YH$ ‘hÎdnyU© h¡&
12.7.3 g¥OZmË‘H$ ~mbH$m| H$s nhMmZ
g¥OZmË‘H$ ~mbH$m| H$s nhMmZ H$aZm A˶ÝV Amdí¶H$ h¡ ³¶m|{H$ BÝhr§
www.praganya.org ~mbH$m| ‘| go g‘mO H$mo AmJo MbH$a CÀMH$mo{Q> Ho$ Xme©{ZH$, {dMmaH$,
{dÛmZ, boIH$, A{^ZoVm, H${d, d¡km{ZH$, ZoVm VWm ImoOH$Vm© àmá hmoVo h¢&
g¥OZmË‘H$ ~mbH$m| H$s nhMmZ ¶±y Vmo {ejH$ gm‘mݶ ê$n go {ZarjU Ûmam
H$a boVo h¢ naÝVw {H$g ~mbH$ ‘| g¥OZmË‘H$Vm {H$g àH$ma H$s h¡ Am¡a {H$g
H$mo{Q> H$s h¡ AWm©V² H$‘ h¡ ¶m A{YH$ h¡, ¶h kmV H$aZo Ho$ {b¶o ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$
{d{Y¶m| go AZoH$ g¥OZmË‘H$ narjU ~Zm¶o J¶o h¢& BZ‘| go H$wN> à‘wI narjU
{ZåZ{b{IV h¢-
1. g¥OZmË‘H$ {dkmZ ‘mnZr
Bg narjU H$m {Z‘m©U hm°b¡ÊS> VWm Ho$ÊQ> Zo 1960 ‘| {H$¶m Wm& BgHo$ Ûmam
www.praganya.org
‘mܶ{‘H$ ñVa Ho$ N>mÌm| H$s {dkmZ Ho$ joÌ ‘| g¥OZmË‘H$Vm H$m ‘mnZ {H$¶m
Om gH$Vm h¡& Bg‘| 5 nX h¢&
2. g¥OZmË‘H$ H$bm ‘mnZr
BgH$m {Z‘m©U ^r hm°b¡ÊS> VWm Ho$ÊQ> Zo hr {H$¶m Wm& Bg‘| 11 nX h¢ VWm ¶h
~mbH$m| H$s H$bm gå~ÝYr g¥OZmË‘H$Vm H$m ‘mnZ H$aVr h¡&
3. Q>moaoÝg H$m g¥OZmË‘H$ {MÝVZ H$m {‘ZogmoQ>m narjU
¶h EH$ A˶{YH$ àM{bV narjU h¡, {OgH$m {Z‘m©U 1958 B©. ‘| Q>moaoÝg Zo
{H$¶m Wm& AmJo MbH$a B‘‘| {Jb’$moS>© Zo g§emoYZ {H$¶m {Og‘| VrZ àH$ma H$s
{H«$¶mE± gpå‘{bV H$s JBª-
1. empãXH$
2. AempãXH$
3. H$m¶©
Cnamo³V g^r g¥OZmË‘H$ narjUm| H$s àH¥${V H$mo XoIH$a ¶h {ZîH$f©
{ZH$mbm Om gH$Vm h¡ {H$ ‘pñVîH$ Am¡a ~w{Õ go gå~pÝYV g¥OZmË‘H$Vm O¡gr
O{Q>b ‘mZ{gH$ à{H«$¶m H$m ‘mnZ Ho$db {H$gr EH$ narjU Ho$ Ûmam g§^d
Zht hmo gH$Vm& AV… g¥OZmË‘H$Vm Ho$ à˶oH$ KQ>H$ H$m AbJ-AbJ {deof
narjUm| Ûmam ‘mnZ H$aZm A{YH$ Cn¶w³V ‘mZm OmVm h¡&
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
àJʶ {d[eîQ> ~mbH$
12.7.4 g¥OZmË‘H$ ~mbH$m| Ho$ àH$ma
à˶oH$ ~mbH$ ‘o| Hw$N> Z Hw$N> aMZmË‘H$ ep³V Adí¶ nmB© OmVr h¡ ³¶m§o{H$
aMZmË‘H$Vm (g¥OZmË‘H$Vm) EH$ ñdm^m{dH$ JwU h¡& bo{H$Z Bg na dmVmdaU
H$m à^md Adí¶ n‹S>Vm h¡& {dkmZ d VH$ZrH$s go boH$a X¡{ZH$ H$m¶© d g‘mO
Ho$ à˶oH$ joÌ ‘| aMZmË‘H$Vm H$s Amdí¶H$Vm n‹S>Vr h¡& OrdZ Ho$ {d{dY
joÌm| Ho$ AmYma na aMZmË‘H$ ~mbH$ H$m {ZåZ ê$nm| ‘| dJuH$aU {H$¶m Om
gH$Vm h¡-
1. d¡km{ZH$ aMZmË‘H$Vm
Bg àH$ma H$s aMZmË‘H$Vm Z¶o à¶moJ d emoY ‘| nmB© OmVr h¡&
2. g§JrVmË‘H$ aMZmË‘H$Vm
Bg àH$ma H$s aMZmË‘H$Vm ‘| Z¶r YwZ, g§JrV d b¶ H$s PbH$ {XImB©
n‹S>Vr h¡&
3. gm¡ÝX¶m©Ë‘H$ aMZmË‘H$Vm
Bg àH$ma H$s aMZmË‘H$Vm ZB© {d{Y ‘| {XImB© XoVr h¡&
4. VH$ZrH$s aMZmˑH$Vm
Bg àH$ma H$s aMZmË‘H$Vm Z¶o H$m¶© d VH$ZrH$s ‘| nmB© OmVr h¡&
5. gm{hp˶H$ aMZmˑH$Vm
Bg àH$ma H$s aMZmË‘H$Vm boIZ, H${dVm, H$hmZr Am{X ‘o§ {XImB© XoVr h¡&
6. e¡{jH$ aMZmË‘H$Vm
Bg àH$ma H$s aMZmË‘H$Vm {ejm ‘| Z¶o à¶mg, Xe©Z Am{X ‘| {XImB© XoVr h¡&
7. H$bmˑH$ aMZmˑH$Vm
Bg àH$ma H$s aMZmË‘H$Vm ‘| ZB© H$bm H$s ñnîQ> PbH$ {XImB© XoVr h¡&
8. Am¡Úmo{JH$ aMZmË‘H$Vm
Bg àH$ma H$s aMZmË‘H$Vm ‘| Z¶m H$m¶© d CÚmoJ H$m {dMma Am{X AmVm h¡&
12.7.5 g¥OZmË‘H$ ~mbH$m| H$s {ejm
g‘mO Ho$ {^ÝZ-{^ÝZ ì¶[³V¶m| ‘| {^ÝZ-{^ÝZ àH$ma H$s g¥OZmË‘H$ à{V^m
hmoVr h¡& dñVwV… ¶h d¡¶p³VH$ {^ÝZVm hr g‘mO Ho$ ~hþ‘wIr {dH$mg H$m ‘yb
AmYma h¡& {Og àH$ma h‘mao eara ‘| hmW, n¡a, ‘±wh, Am±I, ZmH$, H$mZ, Am{X
g~Ho$ {^ÝZ-{^ÝZ H$m¶© Am¡a JwU h¢ {H$ÝVw O~ g^r A§J gpå‘{bV ê$n ‘|
H$m¶© H$aVo h¢, V^r h‘mam eara g§Mm{bV hmoVm h¡ Am¡a h‘mam ApñVËd H$m¶‘
ahVm h¡¡& R>rH$ Cgr àH$ma g‘mO Ho$ {^ÝZ-{^ÝZ à{V^mAm| go gånÝZ ì¶[³V
AnZo-AnZo JwUm| Ho$ AZwgma AnZm H$m¶© H$aVo h¢ {H$ÝVw O~ g~H$m gpå‘{bV
¶moJXmZ g‘mO H$mo àmá hmoVm h¡, V^r g‘mO {dH${gV ~ZVm h¡ Am¡a AmJo
~‹T>Vm h¡& Bgr {~ÝXþ na {ejm Xmo àH$ma go g¥OZmË‘H$Vm H$m {dH$mg H$aZo ‘|
‘hÎdnyU© ^y{‘H$m {Z^mVr h¡-
1. n¥WH²$-n¥WH²$ ê$n ‘| ì¶p³V H$s d¡¶p³VH$ g¥OZmË‘H$Vm H$m {dH$mg
H$aZm&
2. {^ÝZ-{^ÝZ àH$ma H$s g¥OZmË‘H$ à{V^mAm| H$mo g‘pÝdV H$aZm&
AV… ~mbH$m| H$s g¥OZmË‘H$Vm H$m {dH$mg H$aZo Am¡a Cgo g‘pÝdV
ê$n XoZo Ho$ {b¶o {ZåZ{b{IV H$X‘ CR>m¶o Om gH$Vo h¢-
n¥îR> 209
1. gd©àW‘ g^r ~mbH$m| H$mo CZH$s {d{eîQ> à{V^mAm| Ho$ AZwgma
Cn¶wº {ZX}eZ, nam‘e© d Aݶ àH$ma H$s ghm¶Vm àXmZ H$s OmZr
Mm{hE&
2. {dÚmb¶m| ‘| nmR²>¶ ghJm‘r {H«$¶mAm|o, O¡go- dmX{ddmX, {MÌH$bm,
H$hmZr boIZ, H${dVm, Jm¶Z, Z¥Ë¶ d g§JrV à{V¶mo{JVmE± Am{X
Am¶mo{OV H$s OmZr Mm{hE&
3. ~mbH$m| H$mo nmR²>¶ {df¶m|, IobHy$X J{V{d{Y¶m|, gm§ñH¥${VH$ H$m¶©H«$‘m|
VWm {dkmZ Ed§ H$bm àXe©{Z¶m|o Am{X ‘| AnZr ê${M Ho$ AZwgma
^mJ boZo H$s Ny>Q> àXmZ H$s OmZr Mm{hE&
4. N>mÌ AnZr à{V^m H$m g‘w{MV {dH$mg H$a gH|$, BgHo$ {b¶o CZH$m
gH$mamË‘H$ CËgmhdY©Z A˶ÝV Amdí¶H$ h¡& Bgr àH$ma Iam~
àXe©Z Ho$ {b¶o ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ XÊS> H$m ^r àmdYmZ hmoZm Mm{hE&
5. N>mÌm| H$mo AnZr ^mdZmAm|, BÀN>mAm|, AZw^y{V¶m| Am¡a AmH$m§jmAm|
H$s A{^ì¶p³V Ho$ {b¶o nyar ñdV§ÌVm àXmZ H$s OmZr Mm{hE&
6. à˶oH$ ~mbH$ H$mo CgH$s d¡¶p³VH$ g¥OZmË‘H$ à{V^m H$m {dH$mg
H$aZo Ho$ g‘w{MV Adga CnbãY H$amVo hþ¶o g~H$mo EH$ gmW
{‘bH$a gh¶moJ Ho$ gmW BZH$m bm^ CR>mZo Ho$ {b¶o ào[aV H$aZm
Mm{hE&
12.8 {nN>‹So$ ~mbH$
gm‘mݶV¶m {nN>‹S>o ~mbH$m| go VmËn¶© CZ ~mbH$m| go hmoVm h¡, Omo A{YH$m§e
gm‘mݶ ~mbH$m| go {H$gr à{V¶mo{JVm ‘| nrN>o ah OmVo h¢& ¶o à{V¶mo{JVm Iob
‘| hmo gH$Vr h¡, e¡{jH$ CnbpãY ‘| hmo gH$Vr h¡, g‘PXmar ‘| hmo gH$Vr h¡ ¶m
Am{W©H$ ¶m gm‘m{OH$ joÌ ‘| hmo gH$Vr h¡& naÝVw {ejm{dXm| Ed§ ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m|
Zo {nN>‹S>onZ H$m AW© e¡{jH$ {nN>‹S>onZ go {b¶m h¡&
20dt eVmãXr Ho$ àmaå^ VH$ ¶h ‘mZm OmVm Wm {H$ ~mbH$ ‘ÝX~w{Õ
Ho$ H$maU hr {ejm Ho$ joÌ ‘| {nN>‹S>Vo h¢ Am¡a V~ ‘ÝX~w{Õ ~mbH$m| H$mo hr {nN>‹S>o
~mbH$ ‘mZm OmVm Wm, naÝVw 20 dr§ eVmãXr Ho$ àmaå^ ‘| Hw$N> ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m§o
Zo AnZo Aܶ¶Z ‘| nm¶m {H$ Hw$N> ~mbH$ Am¡gV Am¡a Am¡gV go A{YH$ ~w{Õ
Ho$ hmoZo Ho$ ~mX ^r {ejm Ho$ joÌ ‘| {nN>‹S> OmVo h¢& AV… CÝhm|Zo ‘ÝX~w{Õ Am¡a
{nN>‹S>o ~mbH$m| ‘| AÝVa ñnîQ> H$aZm ewê$ H$a {X¶m&
12.8.1 {nN>‹S>o ~mbH$ H$m AW© Ed§ n[a^mfm
{dÚmb¶ AWdm H$jm ‘| Aܶ¶Z H$aVo hw¶o Omo ~mbH$ gm‘mݶ ~w{Õ Ho$ hmoVo
hþ¶o ^r e¡{jH$ CnbpãY ‘| nrN>o ah OmVo h¢, do {nN>‹So$ ~mbH$m| H$s H$mo{Q> ‘|
AmVo h¢& {nN>‹S>onZ Ho$ AZoH$ H$maU hmo gH$Vo h¢& emar[aH$ H$maUm| Ho$ A{V[a³V
n[adma Ho$ H$bhnyU©, A{e{jV, Xÿ{fV d emoa-eam~m go ¶w³V dmVmdaU,
n[adma H$s {ZY©ZVm, ~wao {‘Ìm| H$s g§J{V, A¶mo½¶ d {ZîRw>a AܶmnH$ O¡go
AZoH$ H$maUm| Ho$ H$maU ~mbH$ AnZr {ejm H$mo R>rH$ T>§J go Omar Zhr§ aI
nmVo h¢ VWm do {nN>‹S> OmVo h¢&
e¡{jH$ ÑpîQ> go {nN>‹S>onZ H$mo ^r ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| Zo {^ÝZ-{^ÝZ ê$n ‘|
{b¶m h¡& Bggo gå~pÝYV Hw$N> à‘wI n[a^mfmE± Bg àH$ma h¢-
1. {g[ab ~Q>© Ho$ AZwgma-
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&

n¥îR> 210 {d{eîQ> ~mbH$ àJʶ

¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
{nN>‹S>m ~mbH$ dh h¡, Omo AnZo {dÚmb¶ OrdZ Ho$ ‘ܶ ‘| (AWm©V² bJ^J gm‹T>o g‘ñ¶m ‘| CbP H$a ah OmVo h¢&
Xg df© H$s Am¶w ‘|) AnZr H$jm go ZrMo H$s H$jm Ho$ Cg H$m¶© H$mo Z H$a gHo$, Omo 9. ¶o ~mbH$ IobHy$X, gm‘m{OH$ Am¶moOZm|, go{‘Zma VWm à{V¶mo{JVmAm|
CgH$s Am¶w Ho$ ~mbH$m| Ho$ {bE gm‘mݶ H$m¶© h¡&
Am{X ‘| ^r ^mJ boZo go H$VamVo h¢&
2. emoZob Ed§ emoZob Ho$ AZwgma- 10. BZ ~mbH$m| H$s ~w{Õ bpãY 75-90 Ho$ ~rM hmoVr h¡&
11. BZH$s VH©$ Ed§ {ddoH$ ep³V {ZåZ ñVa H$s hmoVr h¡&
{nN>‹S>o ~mbH$ Cgr OrdZ-Am¶w Ho$ Aݶ N>mÌm| H$s VwbZm ‘| {deof àH$ma H$s e¡{jH$
{ZåZVm 춳V H$aVo h¢&
12. g‘mO VWm ñd¶§ Ho$ à{V A¶WmW© nyU© ad¡¶m ahVm h¡&
13. erK«Vm Ed§ ewÕVm go H$m¶© H$aZo H$s j‘Vm {ZåZ ñVa H$s hmoVr h¡&
3. ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ ~aQ>Z hm°b Ho$ AZwgma- 14. ¶o ~mbH$ H$^r-H$^r qhgH$, AnamYr VWm {dÐmohr hmo OmVo h¢&
{nN>‹S>mnZ gm‘mݶV… CZ ~mbH$m| Ho$ {bE à¶moJ {H$¶m OmVm h¡ {OZH$s e¡{jH$

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CnbpãY¶m± CZH$s ñdm^m{dH$ j‘VmAm| Ho$ ñVa go H$‘ hmoVr h¢& 12.8.3 {nN>‹S>o ~mbH$m| H$s nhMmZ
{nN>‹S>o ~mbH$m| H$s nhMmZ gm‘mݶ ê$n go CZHo$ AmMaU Ed§ e¡{jH$ CnbpãY
4. Q>r.Ho$.EZ. ‘oZZ Ho$ AZwgma- XoIH$a hr H$s Om gH$Vr h¡, naÝVw H$moB© ~mbH$ ³¶m| Am¡a {H$VZm {nN>‹S>m h¡,
^maVr¶ n[apñW{V ‘| {nN>‹S>m ~mbH$ dh h¡ Omo AnZr H$jm H$s Am¡gV Am¶w go EH$ BgH$s nhMmZ Ho$ {b¶o {ZåZ{b{IV {d{Y¶m| H$m à¶moJ {H$¶m OmVm h¡-
df© go A{YH$ ~‹S>m hmo& 1. gm‘mݶ ì¶dhma Ho$ {ZarjU Ûmam
Cn¶©w³V n[a^mfmAm| Ho$ AmYma na {nN>‹S>o ~mbH$ Ho$ AW© H$mo Bg àH$ma 2. gmjmËH$ma Ed§ ‘mZH$ CnbpãY narjU Ûmam
ñnîQ> {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡- www.praganya.org
3. ê${M, ~w{Õ Ed§ ì¶p³VËd narjU Ûmam
4. g§M¶r A{^boI Ûmam
Eogo ~mbH$ Omo AnZr H$jm Ho$ Am¡gV Ed§ Am¡gV go {ZåZVa H$m¶m] H$mo Zht H$a
nmVo h¢ VWm H$jm Ho$ AnZr Am¶w Ho$ gm‘mݶ N>mÌm| go nrN>o hmoVo h¢, {nN>‹S>o ~mbH$ 5. e¡{jH$ bpãY H$s JUZm
H$hbmVo h¢& 6. A{^d¥{Îm narjU Ûmam
7. A{^^mdH$ Ed§ {‘Ìm| Ho$ A{^‘V Ûmam
dV©‘mZ ‘| A{YH$Va {dÛmZ e¡{jH$ {nN>‹S>onZ H$mo e¡{jH$ bpãY Ho$
AmYma na {ZpíMV H$aVo h¢& BgH$s ÑpîQ> go {OZ ~mbH$m| H$s e¡{jH$ bpãY 1. {nN>‹S>onZ Ho$ àH$ma
85 go H$‘ hmo, CÝho§ {nN>‹S>o ~mbH$m| H$s loUr ‘| aIm OmZm Mm{hE& My±{H$ ~mbH$ {d{^ÝZ H$maUm| go {nN>‹S>o hþ¶o hmoVo h¢, AV… CZHo$ {nN>‹S>onZ Ho$
ê$n ^r AbJ-AbJ hmoVo h¢& {nN>‹S>o hþ¶o ~mbH$m| H$m dJuH$aU {ZåZ àH$ma
12.8.2 {nN>‹S>o ~mbH$m| Ho$ bjU ¶m {deofVmE± H$m hmo gH$Vm h¡&
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{nN>‹S>o ~mbH$m| ‘| {ZåZ{b{IV bjU AWdm {deofVmE± XoIZo H$mo {‘bVr h¢-
1. {nN>‹S>o ~mbH$m| H$m AmYma^yV bjU ¶h h¡ {H$ do {dÚmb¶r {df¶m| Ho$
Aܶ¶Z Am¡a {H«$¶mAm| Ho à{ejU ‘| AnZr H$jm Ho$ Am¡gV ~mbH$m|
go nrN>o hmoVo h¢, CZH$s e¡{jH$ bpãY Am¡gV ~mbH$m| H$s e¡{jH$
bpãY go H$‘ hmoVr h¡&
2. {nN>‹S>o ~mbH$ ‘mZ{gH$ ê$n go AñdñW hmoVo h¢& do {dÚmb¶ ‘|
g‘m¶moOZ Zht H$a nmVo VWm g§doJmË‘H$ ê$n go Ag§Vw{bV Ed§
{ZamemJ«ñV ahVo h¢&
3. Eogo ~mbH$ gm‘m{OH$ g‘m¶moOZ ~¡R>mZo ‘| ^r H${R>ZmB© H$m AZw^d
H$aVo h¢, CÝho gX¡d Xÿgam| H$s {‘ÌVm Am¡a ghmZw^y{V H$s Amdí¶H$Vm
hmoVr h¡&
4. bJ^J 20% {nN>‹S>o ~mbH$ emar[aH$ Aj‘Vm ¶m Xþ~©bVm VWm
~r‘mar go J«{gV {XImB© XoVo h¢&
5. BZH$s grIZo Am¡a g‘PZo H$s J{V gm‘mݶ N>mÌm| H$s Anojm Yr‘r
hmoVr h¡&
6. ¶o ~mbH$ A{YH$ g‘¶ VH$ AnZr EH$mJ«Vm H$mo H$m¶‘ Zht aI
gH$Vo&
7. BZ‘| XÿaX{e©Vm H$s H$‘r hmoVr h¡ Am¡a AgÝVmof H$s ^mdZm erK« hr
à~b hmo OmVr h¡&
8. ¶o {H$gr ^r g‘ñ¶m na gyú‘ ê$n go {dMma Zht H$a nmVo Am¡a
2. emar[aH$ {nN>‹S>mnZ
O~ eara Ho$ {H$gr A§J ‘| Iam~r ¶m Xmof hmoZo Ho$ H$maU ~mbH$ H$mo gmoMZo,
g‘PZo, grIZo Ed§ H$m¶© H$aZo ‘| H${R>ZmB© hmoVr h¡, Vmo dh {nN>‹S> OmVm h¡&
Am±I go R>rH$ go Z XoI nmZm, H$mZ go H$‘ gwZmB© XoZm, b§J‹S>m hmoZm, hH$bmZm
Am{X emar[aH$ {nN>‹S>onZ Ho$ CXmhaU h¢&
3. e¡{jH$ {nN>‹S>mnZ
Hw$N> ~mbH$ gm‘mݶ ~w{Õ Ed§ emar[aH$ ê$n go ñdñW hmoZo na ^r {ejm ‘|
ê${M Zht aIVo h¢& Eogo ~mbH$ àm¶… H$jm ‘| nrN>o ~¡R>Vo h¢ VWm Adm§{N>V H$m¶©
^r H$aZo bJVo h¢& Eogo ~mbH$ e¡{jH$ ê$n go {nN>‹S>o hþ¶o H$hbmVo h¢& BgHo$
A{V[a³V gm‘mݶ ~w{Õ Ho$ hmoVo hþ¶o ^r Hw$N> {dÚmWu e‘ubo, Xã~y Ed§ P|ny hmoVo
h¢ Omo àm¶… {ejH$ H$s ÑpîQ> go ~MZo H$m à¶mg H$aVo ahVo h¢& Eogo ~mbH$m| ‘|
^r e¡{jH$ {nN>‹S>mnZ Am OmVm h¡&
4. gm‘m{OH$ {nN>‹S>mnZ
Bg àH$ma H$m {nN>‹S>mnZ g‘mO ¶m amîQ´> Ho$ {nN>‹S>onZ Ho$ H$maU hmoVm h¡& h‘mao
Xoe ‘| Om{VdmX, dJ©dmX, A§Y{dídmg, Hw$ar{V¶m± Am¡a àd¥{Îm Ho$ H$maU h‘mao
N>mÌ {dH${gV amîQ´>m| H$s VwbZm ‘| àJ{V ‘| bJ^J 50 go 100 VH$ nrN>o hmo
OmVo h¢&
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
àJʶ
5. ‘mZ{gH$ {nN>‹S>mnZ
Hw$N> ~mbH$m| ‘| OÝ‘ go hr ~w{Õ H$‘ hmoVr h¡ VWm AZoH$ à¶mgm| Ho$ ~mX ^r
CZH$s ~w{Õ H$m ¶Wmo{MV {dH$mg Zht hmo nmVm h¡& ~w{Õ bpãY H$m 80 go H$‘
hmoZm ‘mZ{gH$ {nN>‹S>mnZ H$hbmVm h¡& BgHo$ AÝVJ©V ‘§X ~w{Õ, hrZ ~w{Õ, ‘y‹T>
~w{Õ VWm O‹S> ~w{Õ ~mbH$ AmVo h¢&
6. g§doJmË‘H$ {nN>‹S>mnZ
g‘w{MV g§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mg Z hmoZo AWdm {H$gr XþK©Q>Zmde gm§do{JH$ AgÝVwbZ
Ho$ H$maU ~mbH$ H$jm ‘| R>rH$ go g‘m¶moOZ Zht ~¡R>m nmVo h¢ VWm {ejm na
nyar Vah EH$mJ«{MÎm Zht ah nmVo& ‘mVm-{nVm VWm {ejH$ Ed§ ghnm{R>¶m|
Ho$ ào‘ d ghmZw^y{V Ho$ A^md ‘| AnZo H$mo Cno{jV g‘PZo Ho$ H$maU do
àm¶… {Zame ahVo h¢ VWm Aݶ {dÚm{W©¶m§o go {nN>‹S> OmVo h¢& Bgo g§doJmË‘H$
{nN>‹S>mnZ H$hm OmVm h¡&
12.8.4 {nN>‹S>onZ ¶m e¡{jH$ ‘ÝXVm Ho$ H$maU
Hw$ßnyñdm‘r Ho$ eãXm| ‘|-
e¡{jH$ {nN>‹S>mnZ AZoH$ H$maUm| H$m n[aUm‘ h¡& A{YJ‘ ‘| ‘ÝXVm CËnÝZ H$aZo Ho$
{bE AZoH$ H$maH$ EH$ gmW {‘b OmVo h¡&
{nN>‹S>onZ ¶m e¡{jH$ ‘ÝXVm Ho$ à‘wI H$maU {ZåZ{b{IV h¡-
1. gm‘mݶ go H$‘ emar[aH$ {dH$mg H$m hmoZm
Hw$N> ~mbH$m| H$m d§emZwH«$‘, dmVmdaU B˶m{X Ho$ à^mdm| Ho$ H$maU gm‘mݶ go
H$‘ emar[aH$ {dH$mg hmoVm h¡& Bg Vah Ho$ ~mbH$m| ‘| emar[aH$ VWm ‘mZ{gH$
ep³V H$s ݶyZVm hmoVr h¡& n[aUm‘V… do gm‘mݶ ~mbH$m| Ho$ g‘mZ emar[aH$
VWm ‘mZ{gH$ n[al‘ Zhr§ H$a gH$Zo Ho$ H$maU CZgo nrN>o ah OmVo h¢&
2. emar[aH$ Xmof H$m hmoZm
Hw$N> ~mbH$m| ‘|o {d{^ÝZ Vah Ho$ emar[aH$ Xmof hmoVo h¢& O¡go- emar[aH$
{Z~©bVm, H$‘ gwZZm, VwVbmZm, hH$bmZm, ~m±¶o hmW go H$m‘ H$aZm B˶m{X&
BZ‘| go EH$ ¶m A{YH$ emar[aH$ Xmof ~mbH$ H$mo A{YH$ H$m¶© Zht H$aZo XoVo
h¢& n[aUm‘ñdê$n CgH$s grIZo H$s J{V ‘ÝX ahVr h¡ VWm dh Xÿgao ~mbH$m|
go {nN>‹S> OmVm h¡&
3. emar[aH$ amoJ H$m hmoZm
Hw$N> ~mbH$m| ‘| AñdñW dmVmdaU, Hw$nmofU B˶m{X Ho$ H$maU AZoH$m| emar[aH$
amoJ CËnÝZ hmo OmVo h¢, O¡go- Im±gr, ZObm, Q>m°pÝgb, Am±Vm| H$s J‹S>~‹S>r,
{Z~©b nmMZ-ep³V, J«pÝW¶m| H$m R>rH$ H$m¶© Zht H$aZm B˶m{X& ¶o amoJ
~mbH$ H$s ep³V H$mo jrU H$a XoVo h¢, {OgHo$ ’$bñdê$n dh Wmo‹S>m gm H$m¶©
H$aZo Ho$ ~mX hr {ga-XX© VWm ‘mZ{gH$ WH$mZ H$m AZw^d H$aZo bJVm h¡&
n[aUm‘ñdê$n dh H$m¶© H$mo ñW{JV H$a XoVm h¡ VWm H$^r-H$^r {dÚmb¶ ^r
Zht Om nmVm h¡& ¶o XmoZm| ~mV| CgHo$ {nN>‹S>onZ ‘| ¶moJXmZ àXmZ H$aVr h¢&
4. {ZåZ gm‘mݶ ~w{Õ H$m hmoZm
{ZåZ gm‘mݶ ~w{Õ e¡{jH$ {nN>‹S>onZ VWm ‘ÝXVm H$m J§^ra H$maU ~oH$ma hmoVm
h¡& emoZob H$m {dMma h¡ {H$ 65 à{VeV go 80 à{VeV VH$ {nN>‹S>o ~mbH$
‘ÝX~w{Õ hmoVo h¢ VWm eof H$mo g§doJmË‘H$ Ed§ gm‘m{OH$ Ag‘m¶moOZ Ho$ H$maU
{d[eîQ> ~mbH$ n¥îR> 211
e¡{jH$ H${R>ZmB¶m| H$m gm‘Zm H$aZm n‹S>Vm h¡& d¡boÝQ>mBZ H$m H$hZm h¡ {H$
~Q>© Zo {OVZo {nN>‹S>o ~mbH$m| H$m Aܶ¶Z {H$¶m, CZ‘| go 95 à{VeV H$s ~w{Õ,
gm‘mݶ ~w{Õ go {ZåZ Wr&
5. n[adma H$s {ZY©ZVm H$m hmoZm
n[adma H$s {ZY©ZVm ~mbH$m| H$s e¡{jH$ àJ{V na VrZ àH$ma Ho$ {dnarV à^md
S>mbVr h¡& O¡go-
1. ~mbH$mo| H$mo n¶m©á VWm nm¡pîQ>H$ ^moOZ Zht {‘bVm h¡& ’$bñdê$n do
{Z~©b hmo OmVo h¢ VWm A{YH$ n[al‘ Zht H$a nmVo h¢,
2. CZH$mo {ejm H$s CÎm‘ gw{dYm¶| VWm nR>Z-gm‘J«r Ho$ {bE H$m’$s
YZ Zht {‘bVm h¡& ’$bñdê$n do YZr n[adma Ho$ ~mbH$mo§ Ho$ g‘mZ
e¡{jH$ àJ{V Zht H$a nmVo h¢,
3. CZH$mo AnZo n[adma H$s OrdZ-gå~ÝYr Amdí¶H$VmAm| H$mo OwQ>mZo
Ho$ {bE AnZo ‘mVm-{nVm Ho$ gmW ¶m ñdVÝÌ ê$n ‘| H$moB© H$m¶©
H$aZm n‹S>Vm h¡& ’$bñdê$n CÝh| Aܶ¶Z Ho$ {bE H$m’$s g‘¶ Zht
{‘b nmVm h¡&
Bg Vah n[adma H$s {ZY©ZVm, ~mbH$m| Ho$ {nN>‹S>onZ H$s gr‘m H$m
{dñVma H$aVr Mbr OmVr h¡& ’$bñdê$n ~mbH$ {ejm ‘| {nN>‹S>Vo OmVo h¢&
6. n[adma H$m ~‹S>m AmH$ma H$m hmoZm
Hw$N> n[admam| ‘| gXñ¶m| H$s g§»¶m Vmo A{YH$ hmoVr h¡ bo{H$Z AZwnmV ‘| {Zdmg
ñWmZ H$m A^md hmoVm h¡& ¶h ~mV AmYw{ZH$ ZJam| ‘| {deof ê$n go {XImB©
XoVr h¡& Bg Vah Ho$ n[admam| ‘| ~mbH$m| H$mo Aܶ¶Z Ho$ {bE EH$mÝV ñWmZ
Zht {‘b nmVm h¡& BgHo$ Abmdm CZ‘| ha K‹S>r BVZm H$moham‘ ‘Mm ahVm h¡
{H$ ~mbH$m| H$m nyar ZtX gmoZm ¶m Amam‘ H$aZm H${R>Z hmo OmVm h¡& ¶o XmoZm|
H$maU CZH$mo Aݶ ~mbH$m| go nrN>o T>Ho$b XoVm h¢&
7. n[adma ‘| PJ‹S>mo§ H$m hmoZm
Hw$N> n[adma Ho$ gXñ¶m| ‘| EH$-Xÿgao go ‘ob H$aZo H$m JwU Zht hmoVm h¡& AV…
do h‘oem {H$gr Z {H$gr ~mV na b‹S>Vo PJ‹S>Vo ahVo h¢& BgH$m ’$b ¶h hmoVm
h¡ {H$ ~mbH$ {MÝVmJ«ñV VWm Agwa{jV Xem ‘| ahVo h¢& ’$bñdê$n do AnZo
ܶmZ H$mo Aܶ¶Z na Ho$pÝÐV Zht H$a nmVo h¢ VWm H$jm ‘| {nN>‹S> OmVo h¢&
8. ‘mVm-{nVm H$s ~war AmXV H$m hmoZm
Hw$N> ‘mVm-{nVm Eogo hmoVo h¡, {OZ‘| AZoH$ ~war AmXV| hmoVr h¢, O¡go-Ambñ¶,
bmnadmhr, H$m‘Mmoar B˶m{X& CZHo$ h‘oem gånH©$ ‘| ahZo Ho$ H$maU CZH$s ~war
AmXVm| H$m CZHo$ ~mbH$m| na H$m’$s à^md n‹S>Vm h¡& n[aUm‘ ñdê$n do Aܶ¶Z
go Or MwamZo bJVo h¢, {dÚmb¶ H$m¶© ‘| bmnadmhr H$aVo h¢ VWm {Z¶{‘V ê$n
go H$jm ‘| CnpñWV Zht ahVo h¢& BZ g~ ~mVm| H$m ’$b hmoVm h¡ {ejm àmá
H$aZo ‘| {nN>‹S> OmZm&
9. ‘mVm-{nVm H$m {e{jV Z hmoZm
A{e{jV ‘mVm-{nVm {ejm Ho$ ‘hÎd H$mo Zht g‘PZo Ho$ H$maU Cgo AnZo
~mbH$m| Ho$ {bE ~oH$ma g‘PVo h¢& Bg Vah ‘mVm-{nVm Ho$ ~ÀMm| Ho$ gå~ÝY
‘| Hw$ßnyñdm‘r Zo H$hm h¡ {H$ “”Eogo ‘mVm-{nVm Ho$ ~ÀMm| ‘| Z Ho$db e¡{jH$
{nN>‹S>onZ H$m {dH$mg hmoVm h¡, daZ² do erK« hr {Zaja hmo OmVo h¢&’’
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
n¥îR> 212 {d{eîQ> ~mbH$
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
10. ‘mVm-{nVm H$m ÑpîQ>H$moU
Hw$N> ‘mVm-{nVm Eogo hmoVo h¡ Omo AnZo ~mbH$m| Ho$ à{V Amdí¶H$Vm go A{YH$
H$R>moa VWm Hw$N> CZH$mo§ Amdí¶H$Vm go A{YH$ bm‹S>-߶ma H$aVo h¢& XmoZm| Vah
Ho$ ‘mVm-{nVm AnZo ~ÀMm| ‘§o ñdV§ÌVm VWm AmË‘{dídmg Ho$ JwUm| H$m {dH$mg
Zht hmoZo XoVo h¢& BZ JwUm| Ho$ A^md ‘| {ejm ‘| {H$gr àH$ma H$s àJ{V H$aZm
Agå^d hmoVm h¡&
11. {dÚmb¶ ‘| AZwnpñW{V H$m hmoZm
Hw$N> ~mbH$ Eogo h¢ AZoH$mo§ H$maUm| go {dÚmb¶ ‘| {Z¶{‘V ê$n go CnpñWV Zht
hmoVo h¢, O¡go- ~r‘mar, Xoa go {dÚmb¶ àdoe, {nVm H$m EH$ ñWmZ go Xÿgao
ñWmZ na V~mXbm Am{X-Am{X& CZH$s AZwnpñW{V ‘| Bg Vah H$s AZoH$m|
~mV| n‹T>m Xr OmVr h¡, {OgH$mo {’$a H$^r Zht n‹T>m¶m OmVm h¡& AV… BZ ~mVm|
go ~mbH$m| H$m {nN>‹S> OmZm ñdm^m{dH$ hmoVm h¡&
12. {dÚmb¶m| H$m XmofnyU© g§JR>Z Ed‘² dmVmdaU H$m hmoZm
{OZ {dÚmb¶m| H$m g§JR>Z VWm dmVmdaU XmofnyU© hmoVm h¡, do Z Ho$db ~mbH$m|
Ho$ e¡{jH$ {nN>‹S>onZ ‘| ~pëH$ e¡{jH$ ‘ÝXVm ‘| ^r ¶moJXmZ XoVo h¢& Bg Vah Ho$
{dÚmb¶m| ‘| nmB© OmZo dmbr Hw$N> Adm§N>Zr¶ ~mVo h¢, O¡go-
1. nmR²>¶H«$‘ Ho$ H$R>moa VWm g§H$sU© hmoZo Ho$ H$maU ~mbH$m| H$s
Amdí¶H$VmAm| H$s Amny{V© Z hmoZm&
2. AܶmnH$m| Ho$ H$R>moa ì¶dhma Ho$ H$maU ~mbH$m| ‘| ^¶ H$s CËn[Îm,
3. A¶mo½¶ AܶmnH$m| Ûmam A‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ VWm naånamJV {ejU
{d{Y¶m| H$m à¶moJ&
4. {ZX}eZ Ho$ A^md Ho$ H$maU ~mbH$m| Ho$ Ûmam JbV {df¶m| H$m MwZmd
H$aZm&
5. nwñVH$mb¶, à¶moJembm, nmR>²¶H«$‘ ghJm‘r {H«$¶mAm| VWm {ejm
H$s Aݶ gw{dYmAm| Ho$ A^md Ho$ H$maU ~mbH$m| H$s ê${M¶m| VWm
j‘VmAm| Ho {dH$mg Ho$ {bE C{MV Adgam| H$s Aàm{á&
¶o g^r ~mV| {H$gr Z {H$gr ê$n ‘| ~mbH$m| Ho$ {nN>‹S>onZ Ho$ {b¶o
CÎmaXm¶r hmoVr h¢&
12.8.5 {nN>‹S>o ~mbH$m| H$s {ejm
e¡{jH$ {nN>‹S>mnZ ‘w»¶ ê$n go AmZwd§{eH$ Am¡a dmVmdaUr¶ H$maUm| go CËnÝZ
hmoVm h¡& AmZwdm§{eH$ H$maUm| H$mo nyar Vah Xÿa Vmo Zht {H$¶m Om gH$Vm {H$ÝVw
{M{H$Ëgm VWm ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ {d{Y¶m| go CZ‘| ¶Wmgå^d gwYma Adí¶ {H$¶m
Om gH$Vm h¡ naÝVw dmVmdaUr¶ H$maUm| na h‘ g‘w{MV {ejm ì¶dñWm Ûmam
n¶m©á {Z¶§ÌU ñWm{nV H$a gH$Vo h¢& Bg {df¶ ‘| Hw$ßnyñdm‘r H$m {ZåZ H$WZ
àoaUmXm¶r hmo gH$Vm h¡-
CnMma Ho$ VarHo$ Mmho Omo ^r hm|, h‘mam ‘w»¶ H$m¶© EH$ ~mbH$ {deof H$mo CgH$s
n[apñW{V¶m| Am¡a àmH¥${VH$ ¶mo½¶VmAm| Ûmam {ZpíMV H$s JB© gr‘mAm| H$mo ܶmZ ‘| aIVo
hþ¶o pñW{V H$s ‘m±Jm| go n¶m©á g‘m¶moOZ ñWm{nV H$aZo ‘| ghm¶Vm àXmZ H$aZm h¡&
{nN>‹S>o ~mbH$m| H$mo ¶{X C{MV àmoËgmhZ {X¶m Om¶o Vmo CZ‘| go ~hþVmo§
H$mo gm‘mݶ H$s loUr ‘| bm¶m Om gH$Vm h¡& O¡gm {H$ ñQ>moÝg Zo H$hm h¡-
AmOH$b {nN>‹S>onZ Ho$ joÌ ‘| {H$¶m OmZo dmbm A{YH$m§e AZwg§YmZ ¶h {gÕ H$aVm
h¡ {H$ C{MV ܶmZ {X¶o OmZo na {nN>‹S>o ~mbH$ {ejm ‘| àJ{V H$a gH$Vo h¢&
àJʶ
AV… {nN>‹S>o hþ¶o ~mbH$m| H$s {ejm ì¶dñWm VWm CZHo$ {nN>‹S>onZ H$mo
Xÿa H$aZo Ho$ {b¶o {ZåZ{b{IV Cnm¶ {H$¶o OmZo Mm{hE-
1. {nN>‹S>onZ H$s ‘mÌm Am¡a H$maUm| H$m nVm bJmZm
gd©àW‘ {nN>‹S>o ~mbH$m| H$s ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ narjUm|, CnbpãY narjAm| Ed§
{M{H$Ëgr¶ Om±M Ûmam CZHo$ {nN>‹S>onZ H$r dmñV{dH$ ‘mÌm Ed§ H$maUm| H$s ghr
OmZH$mar àmá H$aZr Amdí¶H$ h¡&
2. ì¶p³VJV ܶmZ
{nN>‹S>o ~mbH$m| H$s Amoa {deof ܶmZ XoZo H$s Amdí¶H$Vm h¡ ³¶m§o{H$ ¶o ~mbH$
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gånÝZ ~mbH$m|o go ~hþV nrN>o ah OmVo h¢ Am¡a AܶmnH$ Ûmam {X¶m J¶m
gm‘y{hH$ {ZX}eZ g‘P Zht nmVo h¢& BgHo$ A{V[a³V BZ‘| hrZ-^mdZm H$s
J«pÝW¶m± ^r {dH${gV hmo OmVr h¢ {OgHo$ H$maU ¶o ~mbH$ AܶmnH$ Ho$ nmg
OmVo hþ¶o {PPH$Vo h¢& AV… BZH$s Amoa ì¶p³VJV ܶmZ XoH$a BZH$s Hw$N> hX
VH$ ghm¶Vm H$s Om gH$Vr h¡&
3. {deof ñHy$bm| Ed§ H$jmAm| H$s ì¶dñWm
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{nN>‹S>o ~mbH$m| H$s {ejm Ho$ {b¶o {deof ñHy$bm| ¶m {deof H$jmAm| H$s ì¶dñWm
go ^r Bg g‘ñ¶m na {Z¶§ÌU nm¶m Om gH$Vm h¡& Eogo N>mÌm| na {deof ܶmZ
XoZo Ho$ {b¶o BZH$s H$jm ‘| A{YH$ go A{YH$ 20 N>mÌ hmoZo Mm{hE Ohm± ¶o
~mbH$ AnZr ê${M, Amdí¶H$Vm d n[apñW{V Ho$ AZwê$n {ejm àmá H$a gH|$&
4. {deof {ejU {d{Y
{nN‹S>o hþ¶o ~mbH$m| Ho$ {b¶o {deof {ejU {d{Y hmoZr Mm{hE, {Og‘| {ZåZ
{deofVmE± hmoZr Mm{hE-
1. {ejU H$s J{V Yr‘r hmo&
2. nmR> H$s nwZamd¥[Îm ~ma-~ma H$s OmE&
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3. ñHy$b gm‘J«r H$m à¶moJ H$aZo Ho$ Adga {X¶o OmE&
4. A{O©V kmZ H$m à¶moJ H$aZo Ho$ Adga {X¶o OmE&
5. emar[aH$ {H«$¶mAm| na ~b {X¶m OmE&
6. ¶moOZm {d{Y H$mo AnZm¶m OmE Am{X&
5. ~moYJå¶ nmR²>¶H«$‘
BZ ~mbH$m| Ho$ {b¶o AbJ go gab Ed§ ~moYJå¶ nmR²>¶H«$‘ {ZYm©[aV {H$E OmZo
Mm{hE {OZH$m CÔoí¶ CÝho§ Hw$eb ZmJ[aH$ Ed§ H$m¶©H$Îmm© ~ZmZm hmo&
6. ¶mo½¶ Ed§ H$‘©R> {ejH$m| H$s {Z¶wp³V
{nN>S‹ >o ~mbH$m| H$mo n‹T>mZo Ho$ {b¶o ¶mo½¶ Am¡a à{e{jV {ejH$ hmoZo Mm{hE& BZ
{ejH$m| H$mo {dÚm{W©¶m| go {ZH$Q> gånH©$ ñWm{nV H$aZm Mm{hE Am¡a BZH$m ì¶dhma
A˶ÝV ào‘nyU,© Y¡¶n© Uy © Ed§ ghmZw^{y VnyU© hmoZm Mm{hE& ~Q>© Ho$ eãXm| ‘|-
{nN>‹S>o ~mbH$m| H$m {ejH$ gm{hp˶H$ ê${M¶m| dmbm ‘Zwî¶ hmoZo Ho$ ~Om¶ ì¶mdhm[aH$
‘Zwî¶ hmoVm h¡& CgH$s ê${M¶m± nwñVH$s¶ hmoZo H$s ~Om¶ ‘yV© hmoVr h¢ Am¡a CZ‘|
emar[aH$ H$m¶© H$aZo H$s ¶mo½¶Vm hmoVr h¡
7. hñV CÚmoJ
{nN‹‹S>o ~mbH$ M±y{H$ e¡j{UH$ Vm¡a na nrN>o ah OmVo h¢ {OgH$s dOh go do CÀM
{ejm àmá H$aZo ‘| g’$b Zht hmo nmVo AV… CÝho§ hñV-CÚmoJm| H$m à{ejU
{X¶m OmZm Mm{hE& Bggo CZ‘| AmË‘{dídmg OJoJm Am¡a ñHy$b H$s {ejm
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
àJʶ
nyar H$aZo Ho$ níMmV² do {H$gr ì¶dgm¶ H$mo ewê$ H$aHo$ ñd¶§ H$mo ñWm{nV H$a
gH$Vo h¢&
8. g‘mOrH$aU ‘| ghm¶Vm
{nN>‹S>o ~mbH$m| Ho$ g‘w{MV {dH$mg Ho$ {b¶o BZH$m g‘mOrH$aU {H$¶m OmZm
~hþV Amdí¶H$ h¡& Ka Am¡a ñHy$b ‘| Hw$g‘m¶mo{OV ~mbH$m§| Ho$ nwZ… g‘m¶moOZ
‘| AܶmnH$ ghm¶Vm H$a gH$Vo h¢& do CZHo$ ‘mVm-{nVm go gånH©$ ñWm{nV
H$aHo$ Am¡a ‘mZ{gH$ VZmdm| H$mo OmZH$a ñZoh, ߶ma Am¡a gwajm VWm {dídmg
{XImH$a CZH$m g‘m¶moOZ H$aZo ‘| ghm¶H$ {gÕ hmo gH$Vo h¢& pñH$Za d
h¡ar‘¡Z Ho$ eãXm| ‘|-
{nN>‹S>o ~mbH$m| Ho$ {b¶o Aܶ¶Z Ho$ {df¶m| H$mo gm‘m{OH$ dmVmdaU go gå~pÝYV
hmoZm Mm{hE& BZH$s {ejm H$m CÔoí¶ ~mbH$ ‘| gm‘m{OH$Vm CËnÝZ H$aZm h¡&
9. nmR²>¶ ghJm‘r {H«$¶mAm| H$s ì¶dñWm
~mbH$m| Ho$ {nN>‹S>onZ na {Z¶§ÌU àmá H$aZo Ho$ {b¶o nmR²>¶H«$‘ Ho$ A{V[a³V
nmR²>¶-ghJm‘r {H«$¶mAm|, O¡go-Iob d ZmQ>H$ à{V¶mo{JVm, g§JrV, H$bm
{gImZo H$s ì¶ññWm, ܶmZ d ¶moJ Am{X H$s ì¶dñWm H$s OmZr Mm{hE Vm{H$
{nN>‹S>o ~mbH$ AnZr Aݶ ¶mo½¶VmAm| H$m {dH$mg H$a gH|$&
10. {ejm ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| H$s ghm¶Vm boZm
{nN>‹S>o ~mbH$m| H$s {ejm Ho$ {b¶o AZw^dr {ejm ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| H$s godm¶|
br Om gH$Vr h¢& ¶o {ejm ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ ~mbH$m| Am¡a CZHo$ ‘mVm-{nVm H$mo
g‘¶-g‘¶ na Amdí¶H$VmZwgma C{MV am¶ XoH$a CÝh| {nN>‹S>onZ go ‘wp³V
{Xbm gH$Vo h¢&
11. e¡{jH$ d ì¶mdgm{¶H$ {ZX}eZ H$s ì¶dñWm
{nN>‹S>o ~mbH$m| H$s {ejm Ho$ {b¶o {dÚmb¶ ‘| {ZX}eZ godmAm| H$m g§JR>Z
{H$¶m OmZm Mm{hE& Bggo ~mbH$ AnZr e¡{jH$ Am¡a ì¶mdgm{¶H$ ê$naoIm H$m
g‘mYmZ H$aHo$ gm‘mݶ ~mbH$m| H$s loUr ‘| g‘m¶mo{OV hmo gH|$Jo&
12. dmVmdaU gå~ÝYr H$maH$m| na {Z¶ÝÌU
~mbH$ Ho$ gm‘m{OH$, nm[adm[aH$, ‘mZ{gH$, g§doJmË‘H$ dmVmdaU Am{X ‘|
Amdí¶H$ gwYma H$aHo$ ^r BZHo$ {nN>‹S>onZ H$s amoH$Wm‘ H$s Om gH$Vr h¡,
O¡go- BZ ~mbH$m| Ho$ g§Jr-gmWr g‘wXm¶, Amg-n‹S>mog, gm‘mݶ AmXV|,
n‹T>mB© H$m T>§J, ‘mVm-{nVm H$s {ejm Am{X&
Bg àH$ma {nN>‹S>onZ Ho$ H$maUm| Ho$ {ZXmZ, emar[aH$ Xmofm| Ed§ amoJm| Ho$
CnMma, n¥WH²$ H$jm H$s ì¶dñWm, ¶mo½¶ AܶmnH$, gab nmR²>¶H«$‘, é{MH$a
{ejU ì¶dñWm, ì¶p³VJV ܶmZ, ào‘ Ed§ ghmZw^y{VnyU© ì¶dhma, {deof
àmoËgmhZ, Am{W©H$ ghm¶Vm Am{X Ho$ ‘mܶ‘ go {nN>‹S>o ~mbH$m| Ho$ {nN>‹S>onZ
H$mo Xÿa {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡ VWm CZH$s {ejm H$s g‘w{MV ì¶dñWm H$s Om
gH$Vr h¡&
12.9 ‘ÝX~w{Õ ~mbH$
Bg Xþ{Z¶m ‘| gm‘mݶ ~mbH$m| Ho$ A{V[a³V Hw$N> Eogo ~mbH$ ^r hmoVo h¢ Omo
OÝ‘ go hr ~m¡{ÕH$ {dH$mg H$s ÑpîQ> go H$‘Omoa hmoVo h¢& AnZr ~m¡{ÕH$ jrUVm
{d[eîQ> ~mbH$ n¥îR> 213
Ho$ H$maU hr ¶o ~mbH$ AnZm X¡{ZH$ OrdZ ^r gm‘mݶ ~mbH$m| H$s Vah Zht
Or nmVo& ¶hm± VH$ {H$ AnZr X¡{ZH$ Amdí¶H$VmAm| O¡go- ZhmZm-YmoZm,
^moOZ H$aZm, H$n‹S>o nhZZm, gm’$-g’$mB© VWm gwajm Am{X H$s ny{V© Ho$ {b¶o
^r BÝh| Xÿgam| H$m ghmam boZm n‹S>Vm h¡& gm‘mݶV… Eogo ~mbH$m| H$mo ‘ÝX~w{Õ
H$hm OmVm h¡, {H$ÝVw ‘mZ{gH$ ê$n go {dH$bm§J hmoZo Ho$ H$maU BÝh| ‘mZ{gH$
{dH$bm§J ~mbH$ ^r H$hm OmVm h¡&
12.9.1 ‘ÝX ~w{Õ ~mbH$ H$m AW© Ed§ n[a^mfm
‘ÝX~w{Õ ~mbH$m| ¶m ‘ÝX~w{ÕnZ go A{^àm¶ CZ ~mbH$m| go h¡ Omo {H$gr ^r
emar[aH$ VWm ‘mZ{gH$ amoJ Ho$ H$maU ‘ÝX~w{Õ H$m àXe©Z H$aVo h¢ Am¡a AnZr
Am¶w Ho$ ñVa Ho$ AZwgma {H$gr ^r H$m¶© H$mo H$aZo ‘| Ag‘W© hmoVo h¢& ‘ÝX~w{Õ
AWdm ‘mZ{gH$ ‘ÝXVm H$mo àm¶… ~w{Õ narjUm| na ~mbH$m| Ûmam {H$¶o J¶o H$m¶m]
Ho$ AmYma na n[a^m{fV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& ‘mZ{gH$ ‘ÝXVm H$m nVm bJmZo Ho$
{b¶o {d{b¶‘ ñQ>Z© Ûmam {X¶o J¶o ~w{Õ bpãY Ho$ gwPmd Am¡a Q>‘©Z Ûmam àñVwV
{H$¶o J¶o ~w{Õ bpãY Ho$ gyÌ Ho$ AmYma na H$hm Om gH$Vm h¡ {H$ gm‘mݶ ~w{Õ
dmbo ~mbH$m| H$s ~w{Õ bpãY 90 go 100 Ho$ ‘ܶ hmoVr h¡& {OZ ~mbH$m| H$s
~w{Õ bpãY 90 go H$‘ hmoVr h¡, CÝh| ‘ÝX ~w{Õ H$hm OmVm h¡ Am¡a {OZH$s
~w{Õ bpãY 90 go {OVZr H$‘ hmoVr OmVr h¡, gå~pÝYV ~mbH$ H$s ‘mZ{gH$
‘ÝXVm ^r CVZr hr A{YH$ ‘mZr OmVr h¡&
Bg àH$ma ‘mZ{gH$ ê$n go {nN>‹S>o ¶m ‘ÝX ~w{Õ ~mbH$m| H$s ‘mZ{gH$ ¶mo½¶Vm¶|
gm‘mݶ ~mbH$m| H$s VwbZm ‘| BVZr H$‘ hmoVr h¢ {H$ CÝh| dmVmdaU Ho$ gmW
g‘m¶moOZ ~¡R>mZo ‘| A˶{YH$ H${R>ZmB© H$m gm‘Zm H$aZm n‹S>Vm h¡&
~w{Õ bpãY Ho$ AmYma na V¶ {H$¶m hþAm Cnamo³V dJuH$aU g^r Ho$
Ûmam V¶ {H$¶m hþAm dJuH$aU Zht h¡& ~w{Õ bpãY H$s gr‘mE± {d{^ÝZ h¢, bo{H$Z
g^r Bg ~mV go gh‘V h¢ {H$ BZ ~mbH$m| H$m ~m¡{ÕH$ AWdm ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg
gm‘mݶ ~mbH$m| H$s VwbZm ‘| ~hþV H$‘ hmoVm h¡& ¶o ~mbH$ ‘mZ{gH$ {H«$¶mAm|
‘| gm‘mݶ ~mbH$m| H$s ~am~ar H$^r Zht H$a gH$Vo&
A‘o[aH$Z Egmo{gEeZ Am°’$ ‘oÊQ>b S>o’$s{eEÝgr Ûmam Xr JB© n[a^mfm
go ‘mZ{gH$ ‘ÝXVm H$mo Am¡a ^r A{YH$ ñnîQ> ê$n go g‘Pm Om gH$Vm h¡-
‘mZ{gH$ {nN>‹S>onZ go VmËn¶© gmW©H$ ê$n go Am¡gV go H$‘ gm‘mݶ ~m¡{ÕH$
H$m¶©naH$Vm go h¡ Omo AZwHy$bZ ì¶dhma ‘| H$‘r Ho$ ghJm‘r Ho$ ê$n ‘| {dÚ‘mZ hmoVr
h¡ VWm {dH$mgmË‘H$ AdñWm ‘| n[ab{jV hmoVr h¡&
1. Hw$ßnyñdm‘r Ho$ AZwgma-
e¡{jH$ {nN>‹S>mnZ AZoH$ H$maUm| H$m n[aUm‘ h¡& A{YJ‘ ‘| ‘ÝXVm CËnÝZ H$aZo Ho$
{b¶o AZoH$ H$maH$ EH$ gmW {‘b OmVo h¢&
2. B©.E.S>m°b Ho$ AZwgma-
‘mZ{gH$ H$‘Omoar gm‘m{OH$ A¶mo½¶Vm H$s EH$ Eogr AdñWm h¡ Omo n[an³dVm Ho$
gmW CËnÞ hmoVr h¡ Am¡a ~w{Õ H$m {dH$mg ê$H$Zo Ho$ n[aUm‘ñdê$n hmoVr h¡& BgH$m
H$maU emar[aH$ h¡& Bgo CnMma ¶m à{ejU Ho$ Ûmam R>rH$ Zht {H$¶m Om gH$Vm&
3. H«$mo Ed§ H«$mo Ho$ AZwgma-
{OZ ~mbH$m| H$s ~w{Õ-bpãY 70 go H$‘ hmoVr h¡, CZH$mo ‘ÝX-~w{Õ ~mbH$ H$hVo
h¢&
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&

n¥îR> 214 {d{eîQ> ~mbH$ àJʶ

¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
4. noO Ho$ AZwgma- Ho$ à{V Aê${M H$m {dH$mg hmoZm ñdm^m{dH$ h¡&
noO Zo ‘mZ{gH$ ‘ÝXVm H$mo ‘mZ{gH$ AënVm Ho$ ê$n ‘| Bg àH$ma 춳V 13. BZH$s {ejm H$m g‘w{MV à~ÝY H$aHo$ BZH$s g‘m¶moOZ j‘Vm H$mo
{H$¶m h¡- ~‹T>m¶m Om gH$Vm h¡&
‘mZ{gH$ AënVm gm‘mݶ go {ZåZ ñVar¶ ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg H$s dh Xem h¡ Omo 14. ‘ÝX~w{Õ ~mbH$ A˶{YH$ ^mdwH$ hmoVo h¢ Ed§ BZH$m g§doJmË‘H$
~mbH$ ‘| OÝ‘ go hr {dÚ‘mZ hmoVr h¡ AWdm àmapå^H$ ~më¶H$mb ‘| CËnÞ hmoVr h¡ {Z¶§ÌU ^r ~hþV H$‘Omoa hmoVm h¡&
VWm ‘w»¶V… gr{‘V ~w{Õ Ed§ gm‘m{OH$ An¶m©áVm Ho$ Ûmam n[ab{jV hmoVr h¡& 15. BÝh| gm‘mݶ à{ejU Ho$ Ûmam {H$gr ì¶dgm¶ Ho$ ¶mo½¶ ^r ~Zm¶m
Om gH$Vm h¡&
5. nmobm°H$ Ho$ AZwgma- 16. ‘ÝX~w{Õ ~mbH$ dmVmdaU Ho$ gmW g‘m¶moOZ gm‘mݶ ê$n go Zht
AmYw{ZH$ g‘¶ ‘| ‘ÝX~w{Õ ~mbH$m| go gå~pÝYV Cn¶©w³V YmaUm ‘| A˶{YH$ H$a nmVo h¢&

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n[adV©Z hmo J¶m h¡& Bg na àH$me S>mbVo hþE nmobm°H$ Zo H$hm h¡ {H$ 17. Eogo ~mbH$m| H$m nm[adm[aH$, {dÚmb¶r, gm‘m{OH$ Ed§ g§doJmË‘H$
‘ÝX~w{Õ ~mbH$ H$mo A~ jrU ~w{Õ ~mbH$m| Ho$ g‘yh ‘| Zht aIm OmVm h¡, {OZHo$ g‘m¶moOZ gÝVmofOZH$ Zht hmoVm h¡&
{bE Hw$N> ^r Zht {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡& A~ h‘ ¶h ñdrH$ma H$aVo h¢ {H$ CZHo$ ì¶p³VËd
Ho$ CVZo hr {d{^ÝZ nhby hmoVo h¢, {OVZo gm‘mݶ ~mbH$m| Ho$ ì¶p³VËd Ho$ hmoVo h¢& 12.9.3 ‘ÝX~w{Õ ~mbH$m| Ho$ àH$ma
Bg àH$ma H$hm Om gH$Vm h¡ {H$ ‘ÝX~w{Õ ~mbH$m| go VmËn¶© CZ {d{^ÝZ ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| Zo AnZo-AnZo VarH$m| go ‘ÝX~w{Õ ~mbH$m| H$m dJuH$aU
~mbH$m| go h¡ {OZH$m ‘pñVîH$ Am¡a ~w{Õ BVZo H$‘ {dH${gV hmoVo h¢ {H$ CZ‘| {H$¶m h¡& Hw$N> ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| Zo {M{H$Ëgm {dkmZ H$s àUmbr Ûmam BZH$m
AZoH$ ‘mZ{gH$ j‘VmE± H$‘ {dH${gV hmo nmVr h¢ Am¡a CÝh| n‹T>Zo-{bIZo d www.praganya.org
dJuH$aU {H$¶m h¡& Hw$N> Zo ~w{Õ narjUm| Ho$ AmYma na BÝh| ‘moamoÝg Bå~ogmBëg
g‘m¶moOZ H$aZo ‘o| BVZr H${R>ZmB© hmoVr h¡ {H$ do AnZo gm‘mݶ OrdZ go Am¡a B©{S>¶Q²>g Ho$ ê$n ‘| dJuH¥$V {H$¶m h¡& Hw$N> ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ BZHo$ dJuH$aU
gå~pÝYV H$m¶m] O¡go-{Z˶H$‘©, ^moOZ, g’$mB© Am{X H$mo H$aZo ‘| Ag‘W© hmoVo H$m AmYma g‘m¶mo{OV AWdm AZwHy${bV ì¶dhma ‘mZVo h¢&
h¢& Eogo ~mbH$m| H$m ì¶dhma CZHo$ bKw ~m¡{ÕH$ ñVa H$m n[aMm¶H$ hmoVm h¡& dV©‘mZ g‘¶ ‘| g‘m¶mo{OV ì¶dhma ‘| H$‘r Am¡a H$‘ ~w{Õ-bpãY
XmoZm| Ho$ AmYma na BZH$m dJuH$aU {H$¶m J¶m h¡ Am¡a e¡púmH$ ÑpîQ> go ¶h
12.9.2 ‘ÝX~w{Õ ~mbH$m| Ho$ bjU AWdm {deofVmE± dJuH$aU CÎm‘ h¡& Bgo {ZåZm§{H$V gmaUr ‘| àX{e©V {H$¶m J¶m h¡-
‘ÝX~w{Õ ~mbH$m| H$mo nhMmZZo Ho$ {b¶o CZH$s {deofVmAm| H$m OmZZm A˶ÝV
‘mZ{gH$ ‘ÝXVm H$m ñVa Ed§ ~w{Õ-bpãY
Amdí¶H$ h¢& ‘ÝX~w{Õ ~mbH$m| H$s à‘wI {deofVmE± {ZåZ{b{IV h¢-
1. BZH$s ~w{Õ bpãY 50-75 Ho$ ~rM hmoVr h¡& H«$. ‘mZ{gH$ ‘ÝXVm H$m ñVa ~w{Õ-bpãY
2. ‘ÝX~w{Õ ~mbH$m| ‘| grIZo H$s j‘Vm Ed§ J{V gr{‘V hmoVr h¡& ¶o g§. gmB‘Z-{~Zo d¡íba
www.praganya.org

àm¶… ha H$m¶©, O¡go- CR>Zm-~¡R>Zm, MbZm, ~mobZm g~ Xoa go 1. A˶ÝV Jå^ra ‘mZ{gH$ ‘ÝXVm 20 go ZrMo 25 go ZrMo
grIVo h¢& 2. Jå^ra ‘mZ{gH$ ‘ÝXVm 20-30 25-39
3. BZ‘| AmË‘{dídmg H$s H$‘r hmoVr h¡ Ed§ g§doJmË‘H$ ApñWaVm nmB© 3. gmYmaU ‘mZ{gH$ ‘ÝXVm 36-51 40-54
OmVr h¡&
4. Aën ‘mZ{gH$ ‘ÝXVm 52-67 55-69
4. Eogo ~mbH$m| ‘| emar[aH$ Ed§ dmUr gå~ÝYr Xmof nm¶o OmVo h¢&
5. Eogo ~mbH$ grIr JB© ~mV H$mo ZdrZ n[apñW{V¶m| ‘| àñVwV H$aZo
‘| àm¶… H${R>ZmB© H$m AZw^d H$aVo h¢& 1. Aën ‘mZ{gH$ ‘ÝXVm
6. BZH$s ‘mZ{gH$ ep³V¶m± O¡go- {MÝVZ, VH©$, H$ënZm, {díbofU, ‘ÝX~w{Õ ~mbH$m| ‘| 85% ~mbH$ Bg àH$ma H$s ‘ÝXVm go J«{gV hmoVo h¢&
à˶jrH$aU, {ZU©¶ j‘Vm Am{X {ZåZ ñVa H$s hmoVr h¢& O¡g-o O¡go ¶o ~mbH$ ~‹S>o hmoVo h¢, BZH$s ~w{Õ Am¡gVZ 10 df© Ho$ gm‘mݶ
7. BZH$s ‘mZ{gH$Vm ñWm¶r hmoVr h¡ {Ogo CnMma ¶m à{ejU Ûmam ~mbH$ H$s ~w{Õ Ho$ ~am~a hmo OmVr h¡& BZ‘| gm‘m{OH$ g‘m¶moOZ H$s j‘Vm
R>rH$ {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡& d¶ñH$ ì¶[³V H$s hr Vah hmoVr h¡, bo{H$Z BZ‘| VH©$, {MÝVZ, g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ
8. ¶o H$m¶©-H$maU gå~ÝYm| H$mo g‘PZo ‘| ^r Ag‘W© hmoVo h¢& Ed§ g¥OZerbVm Am{X ‘mZ{gH$ j‘VmAm| H$s H$‘r hmoVr h¡& ¶o ~mbH$ AnZr
9. ¶o ñdHo$pÝÐV hmoVo h¢ VWm Aݶ ì¶p³V¶m| ¶m n[aOZm| H$s {MÝVm àmapå^H$ AdñWm ({eew-~më¶mdñWm) ‘| AnZo X¡{ZH$ OrdZ gå~ÝYr H$m¶m] H$mo
{H$¶o {~Zm Ho$db AnZr Amdí¶H$VmAm| H$s {MÝVm H$aVo h¢& H$aZo H$m H$m¡eb gm‘mݶ ~mbH$m| go EH$ df© ~mX A{O©V H$aVo h¢& {dÚmb¶ ‘|
10. Eogo ~mbH$m| ‘| ‘m¡{bH$Vm Ed§ g¥OZmË‘H$Vm H$m A^md hmoVm h¡& BÝh| ‘ÝX J{V go grIZo dmbo ~mbH$m| Ho$ ê$n ‘| nhMmZm Om gH$Vm h¡&
11. Eogo ~mbH$mo H$mo à˶j AZw^dmo§ Ho$ Ûmam hr Hw$N> g‘Pm¶m Om gH$Vm
h¡& BZ‘| gm‘mݶrH$aU H$aZo H$s ¶mo½¶Vm ^r Zht hmoVr & 2. gm‘mݶ ‘mZ{gH$ ‘ÝXVm
12. ñHy$bm| ‘| BZH$m A{YJ‘ ~hþV Yr‘m hmoVm h¡ {OgHo$ H$maU ¶o Hw$b ‘ÝX ~w{Õ ~mbH$m| ‘| go 10% ~mbH$ gm‘mݶ ‘mZ{gH$ ‘ÝXVm go J«ñV
{Zê$Ëgm{hV Ed§ naoemZ hmo OmVo h¢ VWm {’$a BZ ~mbH$m| ‘| ñHy$b hmoVo h¢& ¶o ~mbH$ AnZr d¶ñH$mdñWm àmá H$aZo na 6 df© Ho$ gm‘mݶ ~mbH$
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
àJʶ {d[eîQ> ~mbH$
H$s ~w{Õ Ho$ ñVa H$mo àmá H$a boVo h¢& BZ ~mbH$m| H$mo {d{^ÝZ àH$ma Ho$
H$m¡eb, {OÝh| X¡{ZH$ M¶m© Ho$ {bE Amdí¶H$ ‘mZm OmVm h¡, H$m à{ejU {X¶m
Om gH$Vm h¡& ¶o {XIZo ‘| Hw$ê$n hmoVo h¢ Am¡a gm‘mݶV… g^r joÌm| ‘| BZH$s
‘ÝXVm {XImB© XoVr h¡& ¶o ~mobZo H$m à¶mg Vmo H$aVo h¢, bo{H$Z grIZo H$s J{V
A˶ÝV Yr‘r hmoVr h¡& ¶o ~mbH$ Eogm H$moB© ^r H$m¶© Zht H$a gH$Vo, {Og‘|
nhb, ‘m¡{bH$Vm, A‘yV© {MÝVZ, ñ‘¥{V, gVV² AdYmZ Am¡a n‹T>Zo Ed§ grIZo
Ho$ H$m¡ebm| H$s Amdí¶H$Vm hmoVr h¡&
3. Jå^ra ‘mZ{gH$ ‘ÝXVm
BZ ~mbH$m| H$m à{VeV Hw$b ‘ÝX ~w{Õ ~mbH$m| ‘| 3.5 hmoVm h¡& BZH$s ~w{Õ 4
df© Ho$ ~mbH$ H$s ~w{Õ Ho$ ñVa go AmJo Zht ~‹T>Vr h¡& ¶o ~mbH$ OÝ‘ Ho$ ~mX
go hr ‘pÝXV {XImB© XoVo h¢& BZ ~mbH$m| ‘§o BpÝжOݶ J«møVm ‘| H$‘r {XImB©
XoVr h¡ Am¡a AnZo Amg-nmg Ho$ n¶m©daU ‘| BZH$s H$moB© ê${M Zht hmoVr h¡&
¶o ~mbH$ AnZo gm‘mݶ H$m‘-H$mO Ho$ H$m¡ebm| H$mo ^r A{O©V Zht H$a nmVo&
BZ ~mbH$m| H$mo Z Vmo {e{jV {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡ Am¡a Z hr {H$gr àH$ma H$m
à{ejU {X¶m Om gH$Vm h¡& A{YH$Va ¶o ~mbH$ Xÿgam| na hr {Z^©a ahVo h¢&
4. A˶ÝV Jå^ra ‘mZ{gH$ ‘ÝXVm
BZH$m à{VeV 1.5 hmoVm h¡& ¶o ~mbH$ AnZr nyU© d¶ñH$ AdñWm VH$ Xmo df©
go A{YH$ gm‘mݶ ~mbH$ Ho$ ~am~a Ho$ ~w{Õ ñVa H$mo ^r Zht àmá H$a gH$Vo&
¶o ~mbH$ ~m¡{ÕH$ j‘Vm Ed§ g‘m¶moOZ XmoZm| ‘| hr Ag‘W© hmoVo h¢&
{ejm Ho$ joÌ ‘| BZ Mma àH$ma Ho$ ~mbH$m| H$mo VrZ dJm] ‘| {d^m{OV
H$a gH$Vo h¢-
1. {ejm nmZo ¶mo½¶
2. à{ejU ¶mo½¶
3. nyU© ê$n go Xÿgam| na {Z^©a ahZo dmbo
12.9.4 ‘ÝX~w{Õ ~mbH$m| H$s nhMmZ
‘ÝX~w{Õ ~mbH$m| H$mo gm‘mݶV¶m CZHo$ {d{eîQ> bjUm| ¶m {deofVmAm|, CZH$s
~mVMrV, CR>Zo-~¡R>Zo, ImZo-nrZo VWm n‹T>Zo-{bIZo Am{X ~mø ì¶dhmam|
H$m {ZarjU H$aHo$ AmgmZr go nhMmZm Om gH$Vm h¡& {H$ÝVw {ejm ‘Zmo{dkmZ
Ho$db CZH$s nhMmZ VH$ hr gr{‘V Z ahH$a CZH$s {ejm Am¡a g‘mO ‘|
gå‘mZOZH$ ñWmZ {XbmZo H$s {d{Y¶m| H$m ^r Aܶ¶Z H$aVm h¡, Bg{b¶o Eogo
~mbH$m| H$s ~m¡{ÕH$ ‘ÝXVm H$s nhMmZ d¡km{ZH$ {d{Y¶m| go H$s OmZr Amdí¶H$
h¡& BZH$s nhMmZ Ho$ {b¶o {ZåZ{b{IV {d{Y¶m| Ed§ CnH$aUm| H$m à¶moJ {H$¶m
Om gH$Vm h¡-
1. gm‘mݶ AdbmoH$Z
‘ÝX~w{Õ ~mbH$m| Ho$ Hw$N> à‘wI bjU gm‘mݶ AdbmoH$Z AWm©V² CZHo$ H$m¶©
Ed§ ì¶dhma H$mo XoIH$a hr nVm Mb OmVo h¢& O¡go-
1. {dÚmb¶ VWm g‘mO ‘| {d{^ÝZ H$m¶m] H$mo g’$bVmnyd©H$ Z H$a nmZo
Ho$ H$maU ¶o hrZ-^mdZm go J«ñV hmo OmVo h¢&
2. Eogo ~mbH$ {H$gr ^r H$m¶© H$mo grIZo ‘| A{YH$ g‘¶ boVo h¢&
3. {H$gr ~mV H$mo ¶mX H$aZo Ho$ {b¶o BÝh| ~hþV ~ma XmohamZm n‹S>Vm h¢&
4. ¶o AnZo g§doJm| na {Z¶§ÌU Zht aI nmVo h¢&
n¥îR> 215
5. BZH$m| g‘m¶moOZ H$aZo ‘| ^r H${R>ZmB© hmoVr h¡§&
6. ¶o ZdrZ g§H$ënZmAm| Am¡a {MÝVZ Ho$ {b¶o A¶mo½¶ hmoVo h¢&
7. ¶o ~mbH$ ~m¡{ÕH$ H$m¶m] H$s Anojm emar[aH$ H$m¶© H$aZo ‘| A{YH$
ê${M {XImVo h¢&
2. ì¶dpñWV AdbmoH$Z
BgHo$ AÝVJ©V {ZåZ{b{IV {d{Y¶m| Ho$ Ûmam ‘ÝX~w{Õ H$s nhMmZ H$s Om
gH$Vr h¡-
1. ‘mVm-{nVm VWm A{^^mdH$m| Ûmam AZw^yV ì¶dhma Ed§ ì¶mnH$
AdbmoH$Z
2. {dÚmb¶ Am¡a ‘Zmo{dkmZ Ho$ÝÐm| ‘§o {H$¶m OmZo dmbm {ZarjU
3. {ejH$ Ed§ ghnm{R>¶m| Ûmam H$s JB© {Q>ßn{U¶m±, AmH$bZ Ed§ {ZU©¶
4. ~w{Õ narjU
5. g§M¶r A{^boI
6. EZo³S>m°Q>b A{^boI
7. gmjmËH$ma
8. ì¶p³V B{Vhmg {d{Y
12.9.5 ‘mZ{gH$ ‘ÝXVm Ho$ H$maU
‘Zwî¶ H$m ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg ‘ybê$n go Xmo VÎdm| na {Z^©a H$aVm h¡- d§emZwH«$‘
Am¡a n¶m©daU& AV… ~mbH$m| H$s ‘mZ{gH$ ‘ÝXVm Ho$ H$maU ^r H$m’$s hX
VH$ BÝht H$maH$m| ‘| {Z{hV h¢& ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m|o Ed§ earaempñ̶m| Ho$ ‘VmZwgma
‘mZ{gH$ ‘ÝXVm O¡{dH$ Ed§ gm‘m{OH$-gm§ñH¥${VH$ XmoZm| àH$ma Ho$ H$maH$m|
H$m n[aUm‘ h¡& O¡{dH$ H$maH$ OÝ‘OmV hmoVo h¢ VWm gm‘m{OH$-gm§ñH¥${VH$
H$maH$ dmVmdaU go gå~pÝYV hmoVo h¢& ‘mZ{gH$ {nN>‹S>onZ Ho$ {b¶o ‘w»¶ ê$n
go CÎmaXm¶r H$maH$m| H$m dU©Z {ZåZ{b{IV h¡-
1. AmZwd§{eH$ H$maH$
AZoH$ ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| Zo emoY Ho$ AmYma na ¶h kmV {H$¶m h¡ {H$ ì¶p³V H$s
~w{Õ na CgHo$ d§emZwH«$‘ H$m n¶m©á à^md n‹S>Vm h¡& J^© ‘| AmZo Ho$ g‘¶ hr
{eew ‘mVm-{nVm go CZ JwUgyÌm| H$mo J«hU H$aVm h¡, {OZ‘| CgHo$ emar[aH$,
‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg H$s gånyU© ep³V {Z{hV hmoVr h¡& AV… H$moB© ~mbH$ ‘ÝX
~w{Õ H$m hmoJm ¶m Vrd« ~w{Õ H$m, ¶h ~hþV Hw$N> Cgo ‘mVm-{nVm go {H$g àH$ma
Ho$ JwUgyÌ ¶m OrÝg àmá hþ¶o h¢, na {Z^©a H$aVm h¡& ~w{Õ gå~ÝYr XmofnyU©
JwUgyÌm| Ho$ àmá hmoZo go ~mbH$ H$m ñdñW ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg Zht hmo nmVm
{Oggo Cg‘| ‘mZ{gH$ ‘ÝXVm Am OmVr h¡& H$^r-H$^r CÀM ~w{Õ Ho$ ‘mVm-
{nVm H$s g§VmZo§ ^r ‘ÝX~w{Õ hmo OmVr h¢, ¶h g~ OrÝg na {Z^©a H$aVm h¡&
2. dmVmdaUr¶ H$maH$
n¶m©daU ¶m dmVmdaU EH$ ì¶mnH$ eãX h¡& Bg‘| ~mbH$ Ho$ J^©H$mb go boH$a
~më¶H$mb VH$ Ho$ AZoH$ H$maH$ gpå‘{bV hmoVo h¢ {OZH$m dU©Z {ZåZ{b{IV
h¡-
1. An[an³d OÝ‘ - An[an³d OÝ‘ boZo dmbo ~ÀMm| H$m emar[aH$
^ma Am¡gV go H$‘ hmoVm h¡ VWm CZ‘| Hw$N> ñZm¶w{dH$ {dH¥${V¶m± ^r
hmoVr h¢& AV… g‘¶ go nyd© n¡Xm hmoZo dmbo ~ÀMmo| ‘| ‘mZ{gH$ Xþ~©bVm
{dH${gV hmoZo H$s gå^mdZm A{YH$ hmoVr h¡&
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
n¥îR> 216 {d{eîQ> ~mbH$
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
2. ^m¡{VH$ AmKmV ¶m MmoQ> - ~mbH$ H$m OÝ‘ hmoVo g‘¶ ¶m ~mX ‘|
{H$gr àH$ma H$s bmnadmhr hmoZo ¶m XþK©Q>Zmde MmoQ> Am{X bJ OmZo
Ho$ H$maU {eew H$m ‘pñVîH$ j{VJ«ñV hmo gH$Vm h¡ {Oggo Cg‘|
‘mZ{gH$ ‘ÝXVm CËnÝZ hmo gH$Vr h¡& OÝ‘ Ho$ ~mX {ga ‘| J§^ra
MmoQ> bJZo go ^r ~mbH$m| H$m ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg ‘ÝX n‹S> OmVm h¡&
3. Hw$nmofU - {eew O~ ‘m± Ho$ J^© ‘| hmoVm h¡ Vmo CgH$m nmofU ‘m± Ho$
eara Ûmam hmoVm h¡& Cg Xm¡amZ ‘m± Ho$ ^moOZ ‘| {dQ>m{‘Z, àmoQ>rZ
Ed§ I{ZO VÎdm| H$s H$‘r hmoZo na ‘m± Ho$ gmW-gmW {eew H$mo ^r
nmofH$ VÎd àmá Zht hmo nmVo {Oggo CgH$m g‘w{MV {dH$mg Zht hmo
nmVm VWm CZ‘| ‘mZ{gH$ Xþ~©bVm Am OmVr h¡& ¶{X OÝ‘ Ho$ ~mX
^r ~mbH$ H$m ImZ-nmZ d nmbZ-nmofU C{MV {d{Y go Zht {H$¶m
OmVm, V~ ^r ~mbH$ H$s ~w{Õ H$m {dH$mg Adê$Õ hmo OmVm h¡&
4. J«ÝWr¶ {dH$ma - eara empñ̶m| Zo AnZo Aܶ¶Zm| go ¶h {ZîH$f©
àmá {H$¶m h¡ {H$ J^©H$mb ‘| ‘mVm H$s g§doJmË‘H$ AZw^y{V¶m| H$m
grYm à^md J^©ñW {eew H$s J«pÝW¶m| na n‹S>Vm h¡& J«pÝW¶m| H$m
ñÌmd CZH$s {H«$¶merbVm H$mo à^m{dV H$aVm h¡& n[aUm‘ñdê$n
~ÀMo ‘| {d{^ÝZ àH$ma Ho$ emar[aH$ Ed§ ‘mZ{gH$ Xmof CËnÝZ hmo
OmVo h¢&
5. ‘mVm-{nVm H$s Am¶w Ed§ ñdmñ϶ - J^m©YmZ Ho$ g‘¶ ‘mVm-{nVm
H$s Am¶w ~hþV H$‘ ¶m A{YH$ hmoZo go ~mbH$ ‘| ~m¡{ÕH$ ‘§XVm hmoZo
H$s gå^mdZm ahVr h¡& BgHo$ A{V[a³V ¶{X J^©dVr ‘mVm H$mo nhbo
go hr H$moB© g§H«$m‘H$ amoJ h¡, Vmo ^r BgH$m à^md J^©ñW {eew na
n‹S>Vm h¡& Eogr pñW{V ‘| OÝ‘ Ho$ ~mX ~mbH$ Ho$ g§H«$m‘H$ amoJm| go
J«{gV hmoZo H$s gå^mdZm ~‹T> OmVr h¡& g§H«$m‘H$ amoJm| go ~ÀMm| ‘|
‘mZ{gH$ Xþ~©bVm Am OmVr h¡& Bgr àH$ma ¶{X J^©dVr ñÌr na
~ma-~ma E³g-ao H$m à¶moJ {H$¶m OmVm h¡, Vmo J^©ñW {eew na
BgHo$ {d{H$aU H$m grYm à^md n‹S>Vm h¡, n[aUm‘ñdê$n CgH$s
H$mo[eH$mAm| na ~wam Aga n‹S>Zo Ho$ H$maU AZoH$ emar[aH$ Ed§
‘mZ{gH$ {dH¥${V¶m± CËnÝZ hmo gH$Vr h¢&
6. nm[adm[aH$ dmVmdaU - n[adma H$m Xÿ{fV dmVmdaU ^r ~mbH$m|
Ho$ ~m¡{ÕH$ {dH$mg na à{VHy$b à^md S>mbVm h¡& ‘mVm-{nVm Ûmam
~ÀMm| H$mo ~hþV A{YH$ nrQ>Zm, CZH$mo Cno{jV d {VañH¥$V H$aZm,
nm[adm[aH$ H$bh, PJ‹S>o, Amnam{YH$ J{V{d{Y¶m±, A{ejm, {ZY©ZVm
Am{X Hw$N> Eogo H$maH$ h¢, Omo ~mbH$ ‘| ~m¡{ÕH$ ‘ÝXVm CËnÝZ H$a
gH$Vo h¢& dmBO Zo AnZo EH$ Aܶ¶Z ‘| nm¶m {H$ A{YH$m§e ‘§X~w{Õ
~mbH$m| H$mo n[adma ‘| ~hþV H$‘ gw{dYm¶| CnbãY Wr&
3. g§doJmË‘H$ H$maH$
‘mZ{gH$ {nN>‹S>onZ H$m e¡{jH$ CnbpãY H$m nj Jhao g§doJmË‘H$ H$maH$m| Ho$
H$maU hmoVm h¡& g§doJm| na {Z¶ÝÌU Z H$a nmZo na ‘mZ{gH$ gÝVwbZ {~J‹‹S>
OmVm h¡ Am¡a ~mbH$ H$ht ^r g‘m¶moOZ Zht H$a nmVo&
4. gm‘m{OH$-gm§ñH¥${VH$ H$maH$
Hw$N> g‘mO empñ̶m| H$m ‘V h¡ {H$ ‘mZ{gH$ {nN>‹S>mnZ n[adma H$s Am{W©H$
Am¡a gm‘m{OH$ n[apñW{V¶m| Ho$ n[aUm‘ñdê$n hmoVm h¡& gw{dYm-gånÝZ OrdZ,
‘mZd H$m gä¶ g‘mO, nwañH$ma d XÊS> H$m ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ àmdYmZ Am{X EH$
àJʶ
Amoa ¶{X ~mbH$ H$m ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg H$aVo h¢, Vmo BZH$s AZwnpñW{V ‘mZ{gH$
{dH$mg H$mo ^r Adê$Õ H$a XoVr h¡&
Cn¶w©³V H$maH$m| ‘| go H$moB© ^r H$maH$ ‘mZ{gH$ {nN>‹S>onZ ¶m
‘ÝX~w{ÕnZ H$mo CËnÝZ H$aZo Ho$ {b¶o {H«$¶merb hmo gH$Vm h¡& Eogo ~mbH$m| H$m
BbmO gå^d Zht hmoVm ³¶m|{H$ Bg àH$ma Ho$ {nN>‹S>onZ Ho$ à^md ñWm¶r hmoVo
h¢& {ejm Ho$ ê$n ‘| BZ ~mbH$m| H$mo CZHo$ g‘m¶moOZ Ho$ {b¶o C{MV à{ejU
{X¶m Om gH$Vm h¡&
12.9.6 ‘ÝX~w{Õ ~mbH$m| H$s {ejm
www.praganya.org
‘ÝX~w{Õ ~mbH$m| Ho$ {b¶o gm‘mݶ {ejm bm^Xm¶H$ Zht hmoVr h¢& AV… CÝh|
{H$g àH$ma H$s {ejm Xr Om¶o ¶h EH$ {dMmaUr¶ àíZ h¡& {dH${gV Xoem| ‘| Eogo
~mbH$m| H$s {ejm Ho$ {b¶o AZoH$ àH$ma Ho$ à¶mg {H$¶o Om aho h¢ {H$ÝVw h‘mao
Xoe ‘| A^r BZ ~mbH$m| Ho$ {b¶o Amdí¶H$ {d{eîQ> {ejm H$m¶©H«$‘m| na n¶m©ßV
ܶmZ Zht {X¶m Om ahm h¡& ‘ÝX~w{Õ ~mbH$m| H$s {ejm H$m à~ÝY H$aZo Ho$
{b¶o gd©àW‘ BZH$s ~m¡{ÕH$ ‘ÝXVm H$s dmñV{dH$ nhMmZ BZHo$ bjUm| Am¡a
www.praganya.org ~w{Õ bpãY Ho$ ‘mnZ Ûmam H$s OmVr h¡& BgHo$ ~mX BÝho§ Xmo lo{U¶m| ‘| aIH$a
VXZwê$n {ejm H$s ì¶dñWm {ZåZ àH$ma H$s OmVr h¡-
1. {ejm J«hU H$aZo ¶mo½¶ ‘§X ~w{Õ ~mbH$m| H$s {ejm
Eogo N>mÌm| H$s ~w{Õ bpãY 50-90 Ho$ ‘ܶ hmo gH$Vr h¡& AV… BZH$s {ejm
Ho$ {b¶o {ZåZ à~ÝY {H$¶o OmZo Mm{hE-
1. BZHo$ {b¶o n¥WH²$ Amdmgr¶ {dÚmb¶ hmoZo Mm{hE& Eogo ~mbH$m| H$s
H$jm ‘| Ho$db 15-20 N>mÌ-N>mÌm¶| hmoZo Mm{hE, {Oggo CZ na
ì¶p³VJV ܶmZ {X¶m Om gHo$&
2. BZHo$ {b¶o à{e{jV Ed§ ¶mo½¶ Am¶m, {ejH$ Ed§ H$‘©Mm[a¶m| go ¶w³V
www.praganya.org
{dÚmb¶m| H$m à~ÝY {H$¶m OmZm Mm{hE&
3. BZH$mo n‹T>mZo-{gImZo ‘| à˶j {d{Y H$m à¶moJ H$aZm Mm{hE Am¡a
gmW hr Ñí¶-lì¶ gmYZm| H$m {deof ê$n ‘| à¶moJ H$aZm Mm{hE&
4. BZH$s {ejm ‘| Y¡¶© d g‘¶ H$s Amdí¶H$Vm hmoVr h¡& Eogo ~mbH$m|
Ho$ gmW ào‘, ghmZw^y{V Am¡a gh¶moJnyU© ì¶dhma {H$¶m Om¶o VWm
g‘ñ¶mAm| H$m VwaÝV g‘mYmZ {H$¶m OmE&
5. BZH$m nmR²>¶H«$‘, {ejU {d{Y¶m± VWm CÔoí¶ n¥WH²$ ê$n go {ZYm©[aV
{H$¶o OmZo Mm{hE& BZH$s {ejm ì¶dñWm ‘| A{^^mdH$m| H$m g{H«$¶
gh¶moJ A˶ÝV Amdí¶H$ h¡&
6. BZH$s {ejm, n¶©Q>Z, ^«‘U Am{X Ho$ {b¶o {d[^ÝZ e¡{jH$ Ed§
g‘mOgodr g§ñWmAm| H$m gh¶moJ ^r {b¶m Om gH$Vm h¡&
7. Eogo ~mbH$m| H$mo narjm Ho$ ^¶ go ‘w³V aIZm Mm{hE& BZH$m
‘yë¶m§H$Z BZH$s {ZînmXZ J{V{d{Y¶m| ‘| hmoZo dmbo gwYma Ho$ AmYma
na {H$¶m OmZm Mm{hE&
2. à{ejU ¶mo½¶ ‘§X ~w{Õ ~mbH$m| H$s {ejm
BZ ~mbH$m| H$s ~w{Õ bpãY 25-50 Ho$ ‘ܶ hmoVr h¡, AV… BÝh| {H$gr ^r
Xem ‘| gm‘mݶ ~mbH$m| Ho$ gmW {e{jV Zht {H$¶m Om gH$Vm& Eogo ~mbH$m| H$s
{ejm {ZåZ{b{IV ê$n ‘| H$s OmZr Mm{hE-
1. BZ ~mbH$m| Ho$ {b¶o n¥WH²$ Amdmgr¶ {dÚmb¶ hmoZo Mm{hE&
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
àJʶ {d[eîQ> ~mbH$
2. BZH$s g‘w{MV {ejm à{ejU na AmYm[aV hmoVr h¡ Bgr{b¶o BZHo$
nmR²>¶H«$‘ ‘| XñVH$mar, hñVH$m¡eb Am¡a {d{^ÝZ Cn¶moJr dñVwAm|
Ho {Z‘m©U H$m à{ejU àXmZ H$aZo dmbr {H«$¶mAm| H$mo à‘wIVm Xr
OmZr Mm{hE&
3. BZHo$ {dÚmb¶m| ‘| hñVH$m¡eb {gImZo Ho$ {b¶o à{e{jV à{ejH$m|
Ho$ gmW-gmW hñVH$m¡eb gå~ÝYr H$ÀMm ‘mb Ed§ H$m¶©embm hmoZr
Mm{hE&
4. BZHo$ {b¶o ñWyb d AmH$f©H$ ghm¶H$ gm‘J«r H$m à¶moJ {H$¶m OmZm
Mm{hE&
5. BZ ~mbH$m| H$mo ^mfm gå~ÝYr {H«$¶mAm| O¡go-~mobZm, {bIZm,
gwZZm Am{X ‘| à{ejU àXmZ H$aZo Ho$ {b¶o ^mfm à¶moJembm O¡gr
AmYw{ZH$ e¡{jH$ VH$ZrH$ H$m à¶moJ {H$¶m OmZm Mm{hE&
6. BZ ~mbH$m| H$mo X¡{ZH$ OrdZ Ho$ Amdí¶H$ Ed§ OrdZmon¶moJr H$m¶m]
O¡go- AnZm Zm‘ {bIZm, hñVmja H$aZm, ~mOma go gm‘mZ bmZm,
N>moQ>m-‘moQ>m {hgm~ H$aZm Am{X ‘| à{ejU {X¶m OmZm Mm{hE&
7. BÝh| {d{^ÝZ àH$ma Ho$ gmYmaU amoOJma gå~ÝYr H$m¶m] ‘| gh¶moJ
H$aZo Ho$ {b¶o ào[aV H$aZm Mm{hE&
‘mZ{gH$ {nN>‹S>onZ Ho$ Aܶ¶Z go ¶h ~mV Vmo ñnîQ> h¡ {H$ BZ ~mbH$m|
H$s {M{H$Ëgm H$aZm AmgmZ H$m¶© Zht h¡& gmW hr {ejm Ho$ Ûmam BÝh| gm‘mݶ
~mbH$m| Ho$ g‘mZ ^r Zht ~Zm¶m Om gH$Vm& {H$ÝVw BZHo$ {b¶o {ejU Ho$
H$m¶©H«$‘ Bg àH$ma go Adí¶ {Z¶mo{OV {H$¶o Om gH$Vo h¢ {H$ ¶o ~mbH$ g‘mO
‘| {H$gr na ~moP Z ~ZH$a AnZo n¡am| na I‹S>m hmoZm grI Om¶|&
12.10 {dH$bm§J ~mbH$
emar[aH$ ݶyZVm go J«{gV ¶m Ae³V ¶m {dH$bm§J ~mbH$ do h¢ {OZHo$ eara
H$m H$moB© A§J Xÿ{fV hmoVm h¡& {dH$bm§J ~mbH$ H$mo Aj‘ ~mbH$ ¶m An§J ~mbH$
^r H$hm OmVm h¡& Eogo ~mbH$ X¡{hH$ ê$n go {dH$bm§J hmoVo h¢& An§J ~mbH$m| H$s
g§»¶m bå~r ~r‘mar go J«ñV ~mbH$mo§ H$s g§»¶m go A{YH$ hmoVr h¡& Eogo ~mbH$mo§
H$s Amoa g~H$m ܶmZ OmVm h¡& bJmVma Ag’$b ahZo Ho$ H$maU ¶o ~mbH$
{dÚmb¶ N>mo‹S> OmVo h¢& An§J ~mbH$ Am¡a amoJr ~mbH$ XmoZm| hr {d{eîQ> ~mbH$
H$hbmVo h¢& Eogo {d{eîQ> ~mbH$m| Ho$ {bE {d{eîQ> {ejm H$s Amdí¶H$Vm h¡&
12.10.1 {dH$bm§J ~mbH$ H$m AW© Ed§ n[a^mfm
{dH$bm§J ~mbH$ eãX go VmËn¶© {H$gr ñWm¶r emar[aH$ Xmofm| go ¶w³V ~mbH$m|
go h¡& {dH$bm§J ~mbH$ do h¢, {OZ‘| Hw$N> emar[aH$ Xmof ¶m H${‘¶m± nmB© OmVr
h¢& Eogo ~mbH$ gm‘mݶ ~mbH$m| H$s VwbZm ‘| ‘mZ{gH$, emar[aH$ ¶m g§doJmË‘H$
ÑpîQ> go XmofnyU© hmoVo h¢ {OgHo$ H$maU CZH$s CnbpãY¶m± AYyar ah OmVr h¢&
{dH$bm§J, A§Yo, ~hao VWm dmUr Xmof¶w³V ~mbH$ {dH$bm§J ~mbH$m| H$s loUr ‘|
AmVo h¢& {dH$bm§J ~mbH$m| ‘| emar[aH$ Xmof Adí¶ hmoVm h¢, naÝVw ¶h Amdí¶H$
Zht {H$ do ‘mZ{gH$ ÑpîQ> go ^r A¶mo½¶ hm|, {H$ÝVw emar[aH$ An§JVm Ho$ H$maU
do hrZ ^mdZm go J«ñV hmoVo h¢&
Hw$N> ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| Ûmam {dH$bm§J ~mbH$m| H$mo n[a^m{fV {H$¶m J¶m h¡,
Omo {ZåZ àH$ma h¡-
n¥îR> 217
1. S>m°. Eg. Eg. ‘mWwa Ho$ AZwgma-
EH$ ì¶p³V Omo emar[aH$ Xmof go Bg én ‘| J«{gV hmo {H$ dh Xmof CgHo$ gm‘mݶ
{H«$¶mAm| ‘| ^mJ boZo ‘| ~mYm S>mbVm h¡, H$mo {dH$bm§J H$hm OmVm h¡&
2. H«$mo Ed§ H«$mo Ho$ AZwgma-
do ~mbH$ {OZHo$ emar[aH$ Xmof CÝh| gm‘mݶ {H«$¶mAm| H$mo H$aZo go amoH$Vo h¢, AWdm
gr{‘V H$aVo h¢, CÝh| emar[aH$ Aj‘Vm go ¶w³V ~mbH$ H$hm OmVm h¡&
3. S>r. Or. ’$mog© Ho$ AZwgma-
O~ emar[aH$ Xmofm| Ho$ H$maU CËnÝZ H${R>ZmB¶m| go ~mbH$ H$mo gm‘m{OH$ n[adV©Z
ñdrH¥${V àmá Zht hmoVr h¡ V~ Cggo CËnÝZ ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ Xmofm| ‘| ^r d¥{Õ hmoVr h¡&
12.10.2 {dH$bm§J ~mbH$m| Ho$ bjU VWm {deofVmE±
emar[aH$ ê$n go {dH$bm§J ~mbH$m| H$s {ZåZm§{H$V {deofVmE± hmoVr h¢-
1. BZ ~mbH$m|o H$m ¶m Vmo H$moB© A§J H$‘Omoa hmoVm h¡ ¶m j{VJ«ñV hmoVm
h¡, AWdm BZH$s kmZopÝжm| ‘| H$moB© H$‘r hmoVr h¡&
2. Eogo {H$gr ~mbH$ ‘| EH$ ¶m EH$ go A{YH$ emar[aH$ H${‘¶m± hmoVr h¢&
3. BZ ~mbH$m| H$s ‘mZ{gH$ j‘Vm Ed§ ¶mo½¶Vm gm‘mݶ ~mbH$m| go H$‘,
~am~a AWdm A{YH$ hmo gH$Vr h¡&
4. ¶o ~mbH$ gm‘mݶV¶m hrZ^mdZm go J«{gV hmoVo h¢ Am¡a Bg H$maU
BZH$s g§doXZerbVm A˶{YH$ hmoVr h¡&
5. BZ ~mbH$m| H$mo n¶m©daU ‘| g‘m¶moOZ H$aZo ‘| H${R>ZmB© AmVr h¡&
6. g‘w{MV {ejm ì¶dñWm Ûmam BZH$s hrZ^mdZm H$mo H$‘ {H$¶m Om
gH$Vm h¡ Am¡a BZ‘| g‘m¶moOZ H$s Hw$ebVm H$m {dH$mg {H$¶m Om
gH$Vm h¡&
7. BZ ~mbH$m| H$mo g‘w{MV à{ejU Ûmam AmË‘{Z^©a ~Zm¶m Om gH$Vm
h¡&
12.10.3 {dH$bm§J ~mbH$m| Ho$ àH$ma
emar[aH$ ê$n go {dH$bm§J ~mbH$m| H$mo gm‘mݶV… Mma dJm] ‘| {d^m{OV {H$¶m
Om gH$Vm h¡-
1. An§J
¶o do ~mbH$ hmoVo h¢ {OZHo$ eara H$m H$moB© A§J H$‘Omoa AWdm j{VJ«ñV hmoVm
h¡ AWdm BZH$s h[ȶm± Ed§ ‘m§gno{e¶m± H$‘Omoa hmoVr h¢&
2. ÑpîQ> {dH$bm§J
¶o do ~mbH$ hmoVo h¢ {OÝh| H$‘ {XImB© XoVm h¡ ¶m {~ëHw$b Zht {XImB© XoVm h¡&
3. ldU {dH$bm§J
¶o do ~mbH$ hmoVo h¢ {OÝh| H$‘ gwZmB© XoVm h¡&
4. dmUr {dH$bm§J
¶o do ~mbH$ hmoVo h¢ Omo ~mobZo ‘| hH$bmVo h¢ ¶m VwVbmVo h¢ AWdm {~ëHw$b
hr Zht ~mob nmVo& Omo ~mbH$ OÝ‘ go {~ëHw$b Zht gwZVo h¢ do àm¶… J±yJo ^r
hmoVo h¢&
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
n¥îR> 218 {d{eîQ> ~mbH$
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
12.10.4 emar[aH$ {dH$bm§JVm Ho$ H$maU
‘w»¶ ê$n go emar[aH$ {dH$bm§JVm Ho$ Xmo H$maU hmoVo h¢-
1. d§emZwH«$‘r¶ H$maU
~mbH$ ‘| emar[aH$ {dH$bm§JVm OÝ‘ go hmo gH$Vr h¡& ~mbH$ OÝ‘ go AÝYo,
~hao, J±yJo, bybo Ed§ b±J‹S>o hmo gH$Vo h¢& ¶h {dH$bm§JVm BÝh| {nÌ¡H$m| go {‘bVr
h¡& emar[aH$ Aj‘VmE± j{V¶wº {nÌ¡H$m| Ho$ g§¶moJ go ~ZVr h¢ Am¡a ¶o Aj‘VmE±
~mbH$ H$mo OÝ‘ go hr {‘bVr h¢&
2. n¶m©daUr¶ H$maU
n¶m©daU H$m AW© J^m©dñWm go boH$a OÝ‘ Ho$ ~mX ~më¶mdñWm ¶m Cggo ^r
AmJo H$s AdñWm VH$ J«hU {H$¶m OmVm h¡& Xÿ{fV n¶m©daU AWdm à{VHy$b
n[apñW{V Ho$ H$maU ~mbH$ ‘| emar[aH$ {dH$bm§JVm AmVr h¡& Hw$N> ‘w»¶
n¶m©daUr¶ H$maU {ZåZ{b{IV h¢-
1. J^m©dñWm ‘| ~mbH$ Ho$ emar[aH$ {dH$mg Ho$ {bE Amdí¶H$ VÎdm|
H$s H$‘r ah OmZo go Cg‘| Hw$N> emar[aH$ H$‘r ah OmVr h¡ {OgHo$
H$maU ~mbH$ J^© ‘| {dH$bm§J hmo OmVm h¡ Am¡a OÝ‘ Ho$ g‘¶ Cg
{dH$bm§JVm H$mo {bE OÝ‘ boVm h¡&
2. OÝ‘ Ho$ ~mX ^r emar[aH$ {dH$mg Ho$ {bE Amdí¶H$ nmofU H$s H$‘r
Ho$ H$maU {eew ‘| {dH$bm§JVm Am OmVr h¡&
3. ~mbH$m| ‘| H$^r-H$^r Hw$N> ~r‘m[a¶m± Eogr Am OmVr h¢ {OZHo$ H$maU
^r do emar[aH$ ê$n go {dH$bm§J hmo OmVo h¢; nmo{b¶mo, H¢$ga, MoMH$
Am{X Eogo amoJ h¢ {OZHo$ H$maU ~mbH$ {dH$bm§J hmo gH$Vm h¡&
4. XþK©Q>Zm go MmoQ> AmZo na ^r emar[aH$ ê$n go ~mbH$ {dH$bm§J hmo
gH$Vm h¡&
5. Zerbo nXmW© Ed§ S´>½g Ho$ godZ go ^r ~mbH$m| ‘| emar[aH$ {dH$bm§JVm
Am OmVr h¡&
12.10.5 emar[aH$ {dH$bm§J ~mbH$mo| H$s nhMmZ
emar[aH$ ê$n go {dH$bm§J ~mbH$ AbJ go hr {XImB© XoVo h¢, bo{H$Z CZH$s
{dH$bm§JVm H$s ‘mÌm AWdm à{VeV {H$VZm h¡ ¶h Vmo S>m°³Q>a hr ~Vm gH$Vm
h¡& H$^r-H$^r ~mbH$ S´>½g godZ Am{X H$s ~mV| {N>nmVm ^r h¡& AV… BZ
~mbH$m| H$s nhMmZ {ZåZm§{H$V ar{V¶m| go H$s Om gH$Vr h¡-
1. {ZarjU Ûmam
2. ‘mVm-{nVm go OmZH$mar
3. {‘Ìm| Ed§ ghnm{R>¶m| go OmZH$mar
4. S>m°³Q>am| Ûmam narjU
5. ~mbH$ Ûmam OmZH$mar
12.10.6 emar[aH$ {dH$bm§J ~mbH$m| H$s {ejm
emar[aH$ ê$n go {dH$bm§J ~mbH$m| H$s {dÚmb¶ ‘| {ejm ì¶dñWm H$aZo go nyd©
BZH$s nhMmZ H$aZm Amdí¶H$ h¡& nhMmZZo Ho$ {bE Cn¶w©³V d{U©V {d{Y¶mo|
AWdm ar{V¶m| H$m à¶moJ {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡& BZ ~mbH$m| H$s nhMmZ H$aZo Ho$
níMmV² BZH$m dJuH$aU {H$¶m OmZm Amdí¶H$ h¡& ¶h dJuH$aU {ZåZm§{H$V Mma
dJm] ‘| {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡-
àJʶ
1. gm‘mݶ {dH$bm§J
2. A{V An§J
3. AÝYo ~mbH$
4. ~hao d Jy±Jo ~mbH$
emar[aH$ ê$n go {dH$bm§J ~ÀMm| H$m dJuH$aU H$aZo Ho$ níMmV² {OZ
ì¶m{Y¶m| AWdm H${‘¶m| H$m CnMma {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡, dh {H$¶m OmVm h¡&
O¡go H¥${Ì‘ A§J bJmZm, Am±Im| H$s {M{H$Ëgm H$aZm, {deof Mí‘m| H$m à~ÝY
H$aZm, B©¶a ’$moZ bJdmZm, dmUr gwYma Ho$ÝÐm| na ^oOH$a dmUr gwYma H$aZm
Am{X&
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BZ CnmJ‘m| H$mo nyam H$aZo Ho$ níMmV² BZ ~mbH$m| H$s {ejm ì¶dñWm
H$s OmVr h¡& BgHo$ {bE {deof {dÚmb¶, {deof {ejH$ AWdm {deof {ejU
{d{Y¶m| H$m à¶moJ H$aZm gdm}Îm‘ ‘mZm J¶m h¡& Cn¶w©³V emar[aH$ ê$n go
{dH$bm§J ~mbH$m| Ho$ dJuH$aU Ho$ AmYma na BZH$s AbJ go {ejm ì¶dñWm H$s
Om gH$Vr h¡& Bg gÝX^© ‘| {dMma àñVwV h¢-
1. gm‘mݶ {dH$bm§J ~mbH$m| H$s {ejm
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gm‘mݶ ê$n go {dH$bm§J ~mbH$m§§o H$s {ejm ì¶dñWm gm‘mݶ {dÚmb¶m| ‘|
gm‘mݶ ~mbH$m§o Ho$ gmW H$s Om gH$Vr h¡& hm±, BZHo$ {bE Hw$N> {deof
ì¶dñWmE± {dÚmb¶ AWdm H$jm ‘| hr ahH$a H$s Om gH$Vr h¢ Am¡a BZgo
ì¶dhma H$aVo g‘¶ Hw$N> gmdYm{Z¶m± ~aVr OmZr Mm{hE& Hw$N> ì¶dñWmE±
{ZåZdV² hmo gH$Vr h¢-
1. ~¡R>Zo Ho$ {bE {deof ’$ZuMa H$s ì¶dñWm H$aZm&
2. H$‘ gwZmB© XoZo dmbo Ed§ H$‘ {XImB© XoZo dmbo N>mÌm| H$mo H$jm ‘| AmJo
H$s n§[³V¶m| ‘| ~¡R>Zo H$s ì¶dñWm H$aZm&
3. hH$bmZo Ed§ VwVbmZo dmbo ~mbH$m|o Ho$ gmW ghmZw^y{VnyU© ì¶dhma
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H$aZm-{Iëbr Zht C‹S>mZm&
4. BZ ~mbH$m| H$s ê${M Ho$ AZwgma nmR²>¶ghJm‘r {H«$¶mAm| H$s aMZm
H$aZm&
5. BZ ~mbH$m| Ho$ gdmªJrU {dH$mg Ho$ {bE {dÚmb¶r gr‘mAm| ‘| ahH$a
C{MV Adgam| Ed§ n[apñW{V¶m| H$m {Z‘m©U H$aZm&
6. à¶moJembm Ed§ nwñVH$mb¶ ‘| {deof à~ÝY H$aZm&
7. g¥OZmË‘H$ ¶mo½¶Vm Ho$ {dH$mg Ho$ {bE g‘w{MV à~ÝY H$aZm&
2. A{V An§J ~mbH$m| H$s {ejm
Eogo ~mbH$ {OZH$s ~w{Õ Ed§ ‘mZ{gH$ ¶mo½¶VmE± gm‘mݶ ~mbH$m| Ho$ O¡gr
hmoVr h¢, bo{H$Z emar[aH$ ê$n go A{YH$ An§J hmoVo h¢, Vmo BZHo$ {b¶o n¥WH²$
{dÚmb¶m| H$s ì¶dñWm H$s Om gH$Vr h¡& Bg gÝX^© ‘| {ZåZ{b{IV gwPmdm|
na ܶmZ XoZm Mm{hE-
1. Amdmgr¶ {dÚmb¶m| H$s ì¶dñWm H$aZm&
2. H$jm ‘| g§»¶m gr{‘V aIZm&
3. ~¡R>Zo Ho$ {b¶o Amdí¶H$ Ed§ C{MV ’$ZuMa H$s ì¶dñWm H$aZm&
4. gr{‘V nmR²>¶H«$‘, bo{H$Z {deof H$m¡ebm| Ho$ {dH$mg Ho$ n¶m©ßV
Adga àXmZ H$aZm&
5. {deof à{e{jV {ejH$m| H$s {Z¶w[º H$aZm&
6. amoMH$ {ejU {d{Y¶m| H$m à¶moJ Ed§ n‹T>mVo g‘¶ Ñí¶-lì¶ gm‘J«r
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
àJʶ {d[eîQ> ~mbH$
H$m à¶moJ H$aZm&
7. BZH$s g‘ñ¶mAm| H$mo gwZZm, g‘PZm Ed§ ào‘ Am¡a ghmZw^y{VnyU©
ì¶dhma H$aZm&
8. BZH$s {ejm ì¶dñWm Ho$ {b¶o gaH$mar, J¡a gaH$mar Ed§ ñd¶§godr
g§ñWmAm| go gh¶moJ boZm&
9. g‘mO Ho$ gmW g‘m¶moOZ Ho$ {b¶o gm‘mݶ ì¶[³V¶m| Ho$ gmW
à{ejU Ed§ Zm¡H$ar H$s ì¶dñWm H$aZm&
10. {deof narjm ì¶dñWm H$m Am¶moOZ H$aZm {Og‘| narjm H$m ^¶
Z hmo&
3. AÝYo ~mbH$mo| H$s {ejm
AÝYo ~mbH$m| H$s {ejm H$s ì¶dñWm H$aZo Ho$ {bE {ZåZm§{H$V gwPmdm| na ܶmZ
XoZm Mm{hE-
1. BZ ~mbH$m| Ho$ {bE AbJ go Amdmgr¶ {dÚmb¶m| H$s ì¶dñWm
H$aZm&
2. à˶oH$ {dÚmb¶ ‘| ~mbH$m| H$s g§»¶m gr{‘V hmoZr Mm{hE, Vm{H$
à˶oH$ ~mbH$ H$s ì¶[³VJV ghm¶Vm H$s Om gHo$&
3. AÝYo ~mbH$m| H$m nmR²>¶H«$‘ gm‘mݶ ~mbH$m| Ho$ nmR²>¶H«$‘m| go {^ÝZ
hmoZm Mm{hE
4. AÝYo ~mbH$m| H$s ì¶[³VJV {d{^ÝZVmAm| H$mo ܶmZ ‘| aIH$a
CZH$s ‘mZ{gH$ j‘Vm, ¶mo½¶Vm, ê${M Ed§ ê$PmZ Ho$ AZwgma {ejm
ì¶dñWm H$aZr Mm{hE&
5. BZ ~mbH$m| Ho$ {bE amoO‘am© H$s X¡{ZH$ {H«$¶mE± Am¡a Cn¶moJr H$m¡ebm|
Ho$ à{ejU H$s ì¶dñWm hmoZr Mm{hE&
6. BZ ~mbH$m| Ho$ {bE {deof à{e{jV {ejH$m| H$s ì¶dñWm hmoZr
Mm{hE&
7. BZ ~mbH$m| H$s {ejU ì¶dñWm Ho$ {bE Amdí¶H$ {ejU gmYZm|
H$s ì¶dñWm hmoZr Mm{hE&
8. AÝYo ~mbH$m| Ho$ {ejU Ho$ {bE ~o«b {d{Y H$m Cn¶moJ {H$¶m OmZm
Mm{hE&
9. BZ ~mbH$m| Ho$ gmW ào‘ Ed§ ghmZw^y{VnyU© ì¶dhma {H$¶m OmZm
Mm{hE&
10. BZ ~mbH$m| H$s {ejm ì¶dñWm Ho$ {bE gaH$mar, J¡a gaH$mar Ed§
ñd¶§godr g§ñWmAm| go gh¶moJ boZm Mm{hE&
11. BZ ~mbH$m| H$mo narjm Ho$ ^¶ go ‘w³V aIZm Mm{hE&
4. ~hao-Jy±Jo ~mbH$m| H$s {ejm
~hao Ed§ J±yJo ~mbH$m| H$mo n‹T>mZm A˶ÝV XþîH$a H$m¶© h¡& BZH$s {ejm ì¶dñWm
H$aVo g‘¶ {ZåZ{b{IV gwPmdm| na ܶmZ XoZm Mm{hE-
1. BZ ~mbH$m| Ho$ {bE AbJ go Amdmgr¶ {dÚmb¶m| H$s ì¶dñWm
hmoZr Mm{hE&
2. à˶oH$ {dÚmb¶ ‘| gr{‘V g§»¶m ‘| ~mbH$ hmoZo Mm{hE Vm{H$ à˶oH$
~mbH$ H$s Amoa ì¶[³VJV ܶmZ {X¶m Om gHo$&
3. BZ ~mbH$m| Ho$ {bE nmR²>¶H«$‘ gr{‘V hmoZm Mm{hE& nmR²>¶H«$‘ ‘|
X¡{ZH$ M¶m© Ho$ {bE Amdí¶H$ H$m¡ebm| Ho$ à{ejU H$s ì¶dñWm
hmoZr Mm{hE&
n¥îR> 219
4. BZ ~mbH$m| H$s {ejm Ho$ {bE {deof à{e{jV {ejH$m| H$s {Z¶w[³V
H$s OmZr Mm{hE&
5. BZ ~mbH$m| H$mo n‹T>mZo Ho$ {bE AmYw{ZH$V‘ CnH$aUm| Ed§ {d{Y¶m|
H$m à¶moJ H$aZm Mm{hE&
6. BZ ~mbH$m| Ho$ gmW ào‘ Ed§ ghmZw^y{VnyU© ì¶dhma H$aZm Mm{hE&
7. BZH$s {ejm ì¶dñWm Ho$ {bE CZ A{^^mdH$m|, gaH$mar, J¡a-
gaH$mar Ed§ ñd¶§godr g§ñWmAm| go gh¶moJ boZm Mm{hE Omo Bg joÌ
‘| H$m¶© H$a aho h¢&
8. BZ ~mbH$m| H$mo narjm Ho$ ^¶ go ‘w³V {H$¶m OmZm Mm{hE&
12.11 g‘ñ¶mË‘H$ ~mbH$
g‘ñ¶mË‘H$ ~mbH$ Eogo ~mbH$ hmoVo h¢, Omo gm‘mݶ ~mbH$m| go {^ÝZ ì¶dhma
H$aVo h¢ VWm AnZo Eogo ì¶dhma Ho$ H$maU hr do {dÚmb¶ ‘| C{MV ê$n go
g‘m¶moOZ Zht H$a nmVo h¢& AV… Eogo ~mbH$ AnZo ñd¶§ Ho$ {b¶o, ‘mVm-
{nVm, AܶmnH$ Ho$ {b¶o ^r EH$ g‘ñ¶m ~Z OmVo h¢ {Oggo {ejm H$s à{H«$¶m
à^m{dV hmoVr h¡ VWm {dÚmb¶ Ho$ dmVmdaU ‘§o AZwemgZhrZVm H$s g‘ñ¶m
CËnÝZ hmo OmVr h¡&
12.11.1 g‘ñ¶mË‘H$ ~mbH$ H$m AW© Ed§ n[a^mfm
g‘ñ¶mË‘H$ ~mbH$ eãX H$m à¶moJ gmYmaUV… CZ ~mbH$m| H$m dU©Z H$aZo Ho$
{bE {H$¶m OmVm h¡, {OZH$m ì¶dhma ¶m ì¶p³VËd {H$gr ~mV ‘| Jå^ra ê$n
go Agm‘mݶ hmoVm h¡& Bggo ñnîQ> h¡ {H$ ~mbH$m| H$m Agm‘mݶ ì¶dhma hr
g‘ñ¶m h¡, O¡go- Jmbr XoZm, PyR> ~mobZm, Mmoar H$aZm Am{X& ¶o ~mbH$ Ka-
n[adma, nmg-n‹S>mog Ed§ {dÚmb¶ ‘| Eogm ì¶dhma H$aVo h¢ {Ogo ‘¶m©XmZwHy$b
Zht H$hm Om gH$Vm h¡& ¶o ~mbH$ ~mV-~mV na Ka Ho$ gXñ¶m| go, n‹S>mo{g¶m|
go Ed§ {dÚmb¶ ‘| AnZo gm{W¶m| Ed§ {ejH$m| go ~war Vah CbPVo h¢ Am¡a
AZwemgZ Vmo‹S>Zo ‘| ¶o ~mbH$ AnZr emZ g‘PVo h¢ Am¡a ha {H$gr H$mo Y‘H$s
XoZm BZH$s AmXV hmoVr h¡& Eogo ~mbH$m| H$m ì¶dhma Ed§ g‘m¶moOZ gm‘mݶ
~mbH$m| Ho$ ì¶dhma go {^ÝZ hmoVm h¡& Xÿgao eãXm| ‘o§ ¶h H$hm Om gH$Vm h¡ {H$
BZH$m ì¶dhma Agm‘mݶ hmoVm h¡&
g‘ñ¶mË‘H$ ~mbH$ H$s Hw$N> n[a^mfmE± {Z‘Z{b{IV h¢-
1. S>m°. Eg. Eg. ‘mWwa Ho$ AZwgma-
g‘ñ¶m ~mbH$ H$moB© {deof dJ© ¶m Om{V Zht h¡& Bg àH$ma go g^r ~mbH$ EH$ ¶m
Xÿgao ê$n ‘| A{YH$ ¶m H$‘ ‘mÌm ‘| g‘ñ¶m ~mbH$ h¢&
2. H$mC’$‘oZ Ho$ AZwgma-
g‘ñ¶m ~mbH$ CZ ~mbH$m| H$mo H$hm OmVm h¡ Omo AnZo dmVmdaU Ho$ à{V gm‘m{OH$
ê$n go AñdrH$m¶© T>§J go ¶m/Am¡a ì¶[³VJV ê$n go Ag§VmofOZH$ VarHo$ go ñnîQ>
T>§J go bå~o g‘¶ go AZw{H«$¶m H$aVo h¢, naÝVw {OÝh| gm‘m{OH$ ê$n go ñdrH$m¶© VWm
ì¶[³VJV ê$n go gÝVwpîQ> XoZo dmbo ì¶dhma H$mo {gIm¶m Om gH$Vm h¡&
12.11.2 g‘ñ¶mË‘H$ ~mbH$m| Ho$ bjU AWdm {deofVmE±
g‘ñ¶mË‘H$ ~mbH$m| ‘| nm¶o OmZo dmbo Hw$N> à‘wI bjU {ZåZ{b{IV h¢-
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
n¥îR> 220 {d{eîQ> ~mbH$
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
1. ¶o Ka-n[adma, {dÚmb¶, Ed§ g‘mO Ho$ AmXem] Ed§ {Z¶‘m| na
ܶmZ Zht XoVo h¢&
2. ¶o ~mbH$ {H$gr H$m¶© H$mo Z H$aZo Ho$ {bE ~hmZm ~ZmVo h¢ Ed§ AnZr
Jb[V¶m| H$mo {N>nmZo Ho$ {bE Am¡a A{YH$ Jb[V¶m± H$aVo h¢&
3. PyR> ~mobZm, H$jm go ^mJ OmZm, H$jm Ho$ H$m¶© ‘| ~mYm S>mbZm,
Amkm H$m Cëb§KZ H$aZm, Zerbo nXmWm] H$m godZ H$aZm Am{X
BZH$s AmXV ~Z OmVo h¢&
4. Hw$VH©$ H$aZm BZHo$ Aä¶mg ‘| hmoVm h¡&
5. ¶o AnZo go ~‹S>mo§ H$m H$hZm Zht ‘mZVo h¢&
6. ¶o gm{W¶m| go PJ‹S>Vo h¡ VWm CZ‘| ^¶ n¡Xm H$aVo h¢&
12.11.3 g‘ñ¶mË‘H$ ~mbH$m| Ho$ àH$ma
‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| Zo AnZo emoY d Aܶ¶Z Ho$ AmYma na g‘ñ¶mË‘H$ ~mbH$m| Ho$
{ZåZ{b{IV àH$ma ~VmE h¢-
1. PyR> ~mobZo dmbo ~mbH$
Eogo ~mbH$ {H$gr A{චpñW{V go ~MZo Ho$ {b¶o ~mV-~mV na PyR> ~mobZo
bJVo h¢ Am¡a O~ ¶hr AmXV gr‘m Ho$ ~mha hmo OmVr h¡, Vmo ¶h EH$ àH$ma
H$s g‘ñ¶m ~Z OmVr h¡& ñQ´>¢J Ho$ AZwgma-”AZoH$ ~mbH$m| H$s PyR>r ~mVm| H$m
‘yb H$maU ^¶ hmoVm h¡&’’
2. Mmoar H$aZo dmbo ~mbH$
~hþV go ~mbH$m| ‘| Mmoar H$s àd¥[Îm hmoVr h¡& AnZo Ka go, ghnm{R>¶m| Ho$ ~ñVm|
go, {‘bZo-OwbZo dmbo bmoJm| Ho$ nmg go dñVwE± MwamZm CZH$s AmXV ~Z OmVr
h¡& ~mbH$ àm¶… Ka ‘| A^md, Jar~r, ‘mVm-{nVm H$s Cnojm, ~Xbm, eÌwVm
H$maUm| go Eogm H$aZo bJVo h¢&
3. PJ‹‹S>mby ~mbH$
Hw$N> ~mbH$m| ‘| AZmdí¶H$ ê$n go PJ‹S>Zo H$s n«d¥{Îm nmB© OmVr h¡& Eogo ~mbH$m|
H$mo CZH$s ê${M¶m|, ¶mo½¶VmAm| VWm Amdí¶H$VmAm| Ho$ AZwgma gX¡d Hw$N>
Cn¶moJr H$m¶m] ‘| bJmE aIZm Mm{hE& Eogo ~mbH$m| H$m ‘pñVîH$ àm¶… D$Om©dmZ
hmoVm h¡, Bg{bE ¶{X Eogo ~mbH$m| H$m g‘w{MV ‘mJ©Xe©Z {H$¶m Om¶o Vmo ¶o ^r
CÝZVerb ~Z gH$Vo h¢&
4. n‹T>Zo ‘| ê${M Z boZo dmbo ~mbH$-
àm¶… A{^^mdH$ Am¡a {ejH$ Ûmam ¶h H$hVo hþE gwZm OmVm h¡-””³¶m H$a|
h‘mam ~ÀMm n‹T>Zo ‘| ‘Z hr Zht bJmVm h¡&’’ naÝVw ¶h g‘ñ¶m ~mbH$m| H$s
Zht h¡ ~pëH$ Bg g‘ñ¶m H$m ‘yb H$maU ‘mVm-{nVm VWm {ejH$m| H$m ~mbH$m|
Ho$ gmW {H$¶m OmZo dmbm Ad¡km{ZH$ ì¶dhma h¡& ~mbH$m| go CZH$s ¶mo½¶VmAm|
H$m ghr AmH$bZ {H$¶o {~Zm hr Anojm¶| H$s OmVr h¢& ¶{X ~mbH$m| H$s {ejm
CZH$s ê${M¶m|, j‘VmAm|, ¶mo½¶VmAm|, Amdí¶H$VmAm| Am¡a A{^¶mo½¶VmAm| H$mo
ܶmZ ‘| aIVo hþE g§Mm{bV H$s Om¶o, Vmo g^r ~ÀMo n‹T>Zo ‘| ê${M b|Jo VWm
¶h g‘ñ¶m hr g‘mßV hmo Om¶oJr&
5. AZwemgZhrZ ~mbH$
AZwemgZhrZVm dmVmdaU Ho$ Xþîà^mdm| VWm g‘w{MV {ejm àUmbr Ho$ Z hmoZo
Ho$ H$maU àm¶… CËnÝZ hmoVr h¡& à^mdmË‘H$ VWm ‘w³Ë¶mË‘H$ AZwemgZ Ho$
àJʶ
{‘bo-Owbo ñdê$n H$mo N>mÌm| na bmJy H$aZo go Bg g‘ñ¶m H$mo AmgmZr go Xÿa
{H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡&
6. ^¶^rV hmoZo ¶m H$aZo dmbo ~mbH$
H$B© ~mbH$ emar[aH$ AWdm ‘mZ{gH$ H$‘Omo[a¶m| Ho$ H$maU ¶m Vmo A˶{YH$
S>anmoH$ hmoVo h¢ ¶m Xÿgam| H$mo S>amZo ‘| AmZÝX AZw^d H$aVo h¢& Bg{b¶o Eogo
~mbH$m| H$s emar[aH$-‘mZ{gH$ Om±M H$aHo$ CZH$s H$‘r H$mo Xÿa {H$¶m OmZm
Mm{hE& CgHo$ CnamÝV Eogr n[apñW{V¶m| go hmoZo dmbo n[aUm‘m| go AdJV
H$amVo hþ¶o CÝh| ñd¶§ AZw^d H$aZo Ho$ {b¶o Eogo Adga {X¶o OmZo Mm{hE,
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{Oggo do ñd¶§ ^r Bg ^¶ go ‘w³V hmoZo Ho$ {b¶o VËna hm|&
7. AnamYr ~mbH$
AmYw{ZH$ ¶wJ H$s à‘wI g‘ñ¶m ~mbH$m| H$m AnamYr hmoZm h¡& AmOH$b {Og
àH$ma H$s {ejm ì¶dñWm h¡, Cggo g‘mO H$m dmVmdaU Xÿ{fV hmo ahm h¡& ¶h
g‘ñ¶m Vrd«Vm go ì¶mnH$ ê$n bo ahr h¡&
www.praganya.org 12.11.4 g‘ñ¶mË‘H$ ì¶dhma Ho$ H$maU
~mbH$ Ho$ ì¶dhma H$mo à^m{dV H$aZo dmbo H$B© H$maU hmoVo h¢& BZ‘| Hw$N> ‘w»¶
H$maU {ZåZ{b{IV h¢-
1. n[adma H$m dmVmdaU
~mbH$ H$mo g‘ñ¶mË‘H$ ~ZmZo ‘| n[adma Ho$ Xÿ{fV dmVmdaU H$s ‘hÎdnyU©
^y{‘H$m hmoVr h¡& {nVm H$m eam~r hmoZm, gm¡Vobr ‘m± H$m hmoZm, ‘mVm-{nVm H$m
PJ‹S>mby hmoZm, ‘mVm AWdm {nVm H$m M[aÌhrZ hmoZm Am{X Eogo H$maU h¡ {OZHo$
H$maU n[adma Ho$ gXñ¶m| ‘| Amngr ³boe Ed§ Ûof n¡Xm hmoVm h¡ Am¡a Cg
n[adma Ho$ ~mbH$ g‘ñ¶mË‘H$ ~Z OmVo h¢& BZ ~mbH$m| ‘| ñdmñ϶, gwajm,
www.praganya.org
AmË‘gå‘mZ Ed§ ^{dî¶ H$s {MÝVmE± ahVr h¢ Am¡a BZH$s ny{V© ‘| n[adma H$m
dmVmdaU ~mYm CËnÝZ H$aVm h¡& ~mbH$ BZ ~mYmAm| H$mo Xÿa H$aZo ‘| Aj‘
hmoVo h¢ Am¡a Bg H$maU Hw$g‘m¶moOZ H$s Amoa ~‹T>Vo h¢ Am¡a ¶hr go g‘ñ¶mE±
n¡Xm hmoVr h¢ Am¡a ~mbH$ g‘ñ¶mË‘H$ ~ZVm OmVm h¡&
2. Ka H$m AZwemgZ
Ka H$m H$R>moa AWdm T>rbm AZwemgZ ^r ~mbH$m| H$mo g‘ñ¶mË‘H$ ~Zm XoVm
h¡& H$R>moa AZwemgZ go ~mbH$m| ‘| AmË‘{Z^©aVm Ed§ AmË‘~b H$s H$‘r AmVr
h¡ Am¡a T>rbo AZwemgZ Ho$ H$maU ~mbH$m| ‘| dm§{N>V Ed§ ‘¶m©XmZwHy$b AmMaU
‘| H$‘r AmVr h¡ Am¡a ¶o ~mbH$ g‘ñ¶mË‘H$ ~Z OmVo h¢&
3. nmg-n‹S>mog H$m n¶m©daU
~mbH$m| na Ka Ho$ ~mha Ho$ nmg-n‹S>mog Ho$ dmVmdaU H$m Aga hmoVm h¡& nmg-
n‹S>mog H$m g§J AÀN>m hmoVm h¡ Vmo ~mbH$ ‘| ^r AÀN>r AmXVm| H$m {dH$mg hmoVm
h¡, bo{H$Z nmg-n‹S>mog Ho$ ~mbH$ Ed§ ì¶p³V ì¶gZr, Mmoar H$aZo dmbo, PyR>
~mobZo dmbo Am¡a PJ‹S>mby Am{X hmoZo na ~mbH$m| na BZH$m Aga hmoVm h¡ Am¡a
do ^r Eogo hr ~Z OmVo h¡& ¶{X g‘¶ na BZ na ܶmZ Zht {X¶m OmVm h¡ Vmo
¶o ~mbH$ g‘ñ¶mË‘H$ ~Z OmVo h¢&
4. g‘mO H$m n¶m©daU
g‘mO H$m Xÿ{fV dmVmdaU ~mbH$m| H$mo g‘ñ¶mË‘H$ ~Zm XoVm h¡& D±$M-ZrM,
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
àJʶ {d[eîQ> ~mbH$
dJ©dmX, Om{VdmX, Nw>AmNy>V, ^«îQ> AmMaU, ñWmZr¶ amOZ¡{VH$ Ed§ Ym{‘©H$
g§ajU, njnmVnyU© ad¡¶m Am{X Eogo KmVH$ VÎd h¢ Omo g‘mO H$mo Vmo Vmo‹S>Vo
hr h¢ ~mbH$m| H$mo ^r Vmo‹S> XoVo h¢ Am¡a g‘mO Ho$ AZmdí¶H$ g§ajU Ho$ H$maU
do ha OJh g‘ñ¶mE± n¡Xm H$aVo h¢&
5. {dÚmb¶r n¶m©daU
{dÚmb¶ H$m H$R>moa AZwemgZ Am¡a H$R>moa XÊS> ~mbH$m| ‘| {dÚmb¶ go ^mJZo,
PyR> ~mobZo, ~hmZm ~ZmZo O¡go XþJ©wUm| H$mo n¡Xm H$aVo h¢ Am¡a bå~o g‘¶ VH$
Eogm AmMaU H$aZo na ¶o ~mbH$ g‘ñ¶mË‘H$ ~Z OmVo h¢& {ejH$m| H$m Amng
‘| Xþ충dhma, {ejH$m|-N>mÌm| ‘| Xþ충dhma, N>tQ>mH$er Am{X Ho$ H$maU ^r ~mbH$
g‘ñ¶mË‘H$ ~Z OmVo h¢& XmofnyU© {ejm nÕ{V Am¡a C~mD {ejU {d{Y H$m
e¡{jH$ CnbpãY na ~wam Aga hmoVm h¡ Am¡a Bg H$maU ~mbH$m| H$m ì¶dhma
Yrao-Yrao g‘ñ¶mË‘H$ hmoVm OmVm h¡&
6. ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ H$maU
O~ ~mbH$m| H$s Amdí¶H$VmAm| Ed§ AmH$m§jmAm| H$s ny{V© ghr ‘mJ© Ûmam Zht
hmoVr h¡ Vmo ¶o BZH$s ny{V© Ho$ {bE JbV ‘mJ© AnZm boVo h¢& Yrao-Yrao BZ
~mbH$m| ‘§o Ho$db ñd{hV Ed§ ñdgwI H$s ^mdZm n¡Xm hmo OmVr h¡ Am¡a BZH$s
ny{V© Ho$ {bE do A‘¶m©{XV Ed§ Agm‘m{OH$ H$m¶m] H$s Amoa àd¥Îm hmo OmVo h¢,
Aݶm|o Ho$ à{V ¶o g§doXZhrZ hmo OmVo h¢&
Hw$N> ~mbH$ AZwH$aU Ûmam JbV AmXV| OëXr grIVo h¢ Am¡a BÝh|
~ma-~ma XmohamZo na g‘ñ¶mË‘H$ ì¶dhma BgHo$ ì¶[³VËd H$m A§J ~Z OmVm
h¡&
gm§do{JH$ ê$n go ApñWa ~mbH$ ^r Yrao-Yrao g‘ñ¶mË‘H$ ~Z OmVo
h¢& N>moQ>r go N>moQ>r ~mYm Am¡a à{VHy$b n[apñW{V AmZo na ¶o AnZm ‘mZ{gH$
gÝVwbZ Imo ~¡R>Vo h¡§ Am¡a Bg H$maU H«$moY, B©î¶m©, Ûof, {Zamem, XþpíMÝVm
Am{X go J«ñV hmo OmVo h¢ Am¡a Bg pñW{V ‘| ¶o ~mbH$ Agm‘mݶ ì¶dhma
H$aZo bJVo h¢&
12.11.5 g‘ñ¶mË‘H$ ~mbH$m| H$s nhMmZ
g‘ñ¶mË‘H$ ~mbH$m| H$s nhMmZ ~‹S>o ܶmZ go H$aZm Amdí¶H$ h¡& ³¶m|{H$
Hw$N> ~mbH$ àmapå^H$ AdñWm ‘| g‘ñ¶mË‘H$ {XImB© XoVo h¢ bo{H$Z CZH$m
ì¶dhma ñdm^m{dH$ M§MbVm Ho$ H$maU hmoVm h¡& Yrao-Yrao CZHo$ ñd^md ‘|
Jå^raVm AmVr OmVr h¡ Am¡a CZH$m g‘ñ¶mË‘H$ ì¶dhma ñdV… hr g‘mßV hmo
OmVm h¡& bo{H$Z {ejH$ H$^r-H$^r BZ ~mbH$m| H$mo g‘ñ¶mË‘H$ ‘mZ boVo h¢&
d¡boÝQ>mBZ ~M© Ed§ H$q‘½g Zo Eogo ~mbH$m| H$m JhZVm go Aܶ¶Z {H$¶m Am¡a
BÝh| g‘ñ¶mË‘H$ ~mbH$ Zht ‘mZm& BÝhm|Zo AnZo Aܶ¶Zm| go {gÕ {H$¶m {H$
Hw$N> ~mbH$ àmapå^H$ AdñWm ‘| H«y$a, H$m¶a, ~oM¡Z, P³H$s, {XdmñdßZ XoIZo
dmbo, AmH«$m‘H$ Am¡a {OÔr ñd^md Ho$ hmoVo h¢, bo{H$Z C‘« ~‹T>Zo Ho$ gmW ¶o
g^r XþJw©U ñdV… hr ZîQ> hmo OmVo h¢& g‘ñ¶mË‘H$ ~mbH$m| ‘| ¶o g^r XþJw©U
hmoVo h¢, bo{H$Z BZH$s nhMmZ H$aZo Ho$ {bE BÝh| {ZåZ{b{IV Xmo H$gm¡{Q>¶m|
na H$gZm Amdí¶H$ hmoVm h¡-
1. ¶{X Cn¶©w³V XþJw©Um| Ho$ H$maU ~mbH$ H$s g‘m¶moOZ H$aZo H$s j‘Vm
~war Vah à^m{dV hmo ahr hmo&
n¥îR> 221
2. BZ ~mbH$m| ‘| BZ XþJw©Um| Ho$ H$maU A‘¶m©{XV ì¶dhma bå~o g‘¶
go XoIm Om ahm hmo&
¶{X Cn¶w©³V bjU CZ‘| nmE OmVo h¢, Vmo CÝh| g‘ñ¶mË‘H$ ~mbH$
H$hm Om gH$Vm h¡&
~mbH$m| ‘| A‘¶m©{XV AWdm Agm‘mݶ ì¶dhma {H$Z XþJw©Um| AWdm
~wamB¶m| Ho$ H$maU Am¡a {H$g gr‘m VH$ {dH${gV hþAm h¡, BgH$s OmZH$mar
{ZåZ{b{IV {d{Y¶m| Ho$ à¶moJ go H$s Om gH$Vr h¡-
1. {ZarjU
2. ‘mVm-{nVm go gånH©$
3. n‹S>m¡{g¶m| go nyN>VmN>
4. g§M¶r A{^boIm| Ûmam
12.11.6 g‘ñ¶mË‘H$ ~mbH$m| H$s {ejm
g‘ñ¶mË‘H$ ~mbH$m| Ho$ ì¶dhma ‘| ñWm{¶Ëd Zht hmoVm h¡& Eogo ~mbH$ ñd^md
go Eogo Zht hmoVo h¢, AV… CZ‘| gwYma gå^d h¡& CZH$m n[adoe Ed§ n[apñW{V¶m±
CÝh| Eogm ì¶dhma H$aZo Ho$ {b¶o {dde H$aVo h¢& OÝ‘ go do g‘ñ¶mË‘H$ Zht
hmoVo h¢, ¶{X CZH$mo g‘w{MV {ejm-Xrjm, ‘mJ©Xe©Z Ed§ nam‘e© àXmZ {H$¶m
Om¶o, Vmo CZ‘| gwYma hmo gH$Vm h¡& ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ VarHo$ go BZH$s {ejm-Xrjm
gå^d h¡& ¶o ^r gm‘mݶ ~mbH$m| Ho$ g‘mZ hr hmoVo h¢, Bg{b¶o BZHo$ {b¶o
{deof H$jm ¶m {dÚmb¶ H$s Amdí¶H$Vm Zht hmoVr h¡& AV… {ejm g§ñWmAm|
H$m dmVmdaU Eogm hmo Ohm± CZH$m {dH$mg hmo gHo$&
g‘ñ¶mË‘H$ ~mbH$m| H$mo ~war AmXVm| go Nw>‹S>mZo ‘| n[adma Ed§ {dÚmb¶
H$s ^y{‘H$m H$mo {ZåZ àH$ma g‘Pm Om gH$Vm h¡-
1. n[adma H$s ^y{‘H$m
1. ~mbH$m| H$s Amdí¶H$VmAm| H$s ny{V© H$aZm ‘mVm-{nVm H$m àW‘
Xm{¶Ëd h¡& ¶{X Am{W©H$ pñW{V AWdm Aݶ H$maUm| go BZH$s ny{V©
Zht hmo gH$Vr Vmo ~mbH$m| go gVV² g§dmX ~ZmH$a CÝh| AnZr
gr‘mAm| go AdJV H$amE±& n[adma Ed§ g‘mO H$s ‘¶m©XmAm| Ho$ nmbZ
‘| ³¶m bm^ h¢ Am¡a nmbZ Zht H$aZo na ³¶m hm{Z hmo gH$Vr h¡,
Bggo ^r ‘mVm-{nVm ~mbH$m| H$mo AdJV H$amE±&
2. ‘mVm-{nVm H$m g~go ‘hÎdnyU© H$Îm©ì¶ h¡ ~mbH$m| H$m gVV² {ZarjU&
~mbH$ {H$gH$s g§J{V ‘| ahVm h¡, H$hm±-H$hm± OmVm h¡, CgH$s ^mfm,
CgH$s MoîQ>mE± Ed§ CgHo$ ì¶dhma ‘| {Og jU H$moB© Agm‘mݶVm
{XImB© Xo Vmo VwaÝV ào‘ Ed§ ghmZw^y{VnyU© g§dmX ñWm{nV H$a CÝh|
g‘PmE±& ào‘nyU© {Z¶ÝÌU ‘hÎdnyU© hmoVm h¡ bo{H$Z Amdí¶H$Vm
n‹S>Zo na Wmo‹S>m XÊS> ^r {X¶m Om gH$Vm h¡&
3. Ka H$m dmVmdaU ñdñW Ed§ gwIX ~ZmZo ‘| ‘mVm-{nVm H$s
‘hÎdnyU© ^y{‘H$m hmoVr h¡& Xþ충gZ, Xþ충dhma Ed§ XþamMma go ‘mVm-
{nVm ñd¶§ ~M|; ào‘, ghmZw^y{V Ed§ gh¶moJnyU© ì¶dhma H$s AmXV
ñd¶§ ‘| Ed§ ~mbH$ ‘| {dH${gV H$a|&
2. {dÚmb¶ H$s ^y{‘H$m
1. {dÚmb¶ H$m n¶m©daU ñdÀN> hmoZm Mm{hE& n¶m©daU Eogm hmo {Og‘|
~mbH$ {dÚmb¶ H$mo AnZm ~‹S>m Ka g‘Po, n‹T>Zo Ed§ AÀN>o ì¶dhma
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
n¥îR> 222 {d{eîQ> ~mbH$
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
Ho$ {bE gX¡d ào[aV hmoVm aho Am¡a AgÝVw{bV g§doJm| na {Z¶ÝÌU
aI gHo$&
2. {dÚmb¶ ‘| g^r {ejH$ AmXe© Ed§ ‘¶m©{XV ì¶dhma H$a§o, ³¶m|{H$
A{YH$Va N>mÌ CZH$m AZwH$aU H$aVo h¢&
3. {dÚmb¶ ‘| ~mbH$m| H$s e¡{jH$ Amdí¶H$VmAm| H$s ny{V© Ho$ {bE g^r
gmYZ-gw{dYmE± CnbãY hmoZr Mm{hE&
4. g‘ñ¶mË‘H$ ~mbH$m| H$s gm‘y{hH$ ^Ëg©Zm Ed§ gm‘y{hH$ àVm‹S>Zm Z
H$s OmE& CÝh| AbJ go ~wbmH$a ào‘, ghmZw^y{V Ed§ gh¶moJnyU©
VarHo$ go g‘Pm¶m OmE&
5. BÝh| {dÚmb¶ ‘| A{YH$ go A{YH$ {Oå‘oXmar Ho$ H$m¶© gm¢no OmE±,
Vm{H$ BZH$s e[º Ho$ Xþê$n¶moJ H$mo amoH$m Om gHo$&
6. BZ ~mbH$m| H$s A{^j‘Vm, ê${M Ed§ ‘Zmod¥[Îm Ho$ AZwHy$b ghe¡{jH$
J{V{d{Y¶m| H$m Am¶moOZ {H$¶m OmE&
7. ¶moJmgZ Ed§ àmUm¶m‘ H$s {H«$¶mAm| Ho$ Aä¶mg Ûmam BZ ~mbH$m| Ho$
g‘ñ¶mË‘H$ ì¶dhma ‘| n[adV©Z bm¶m Om gH$Vm h¡&
8. ~mbH$m| ‘| àmapå^H$ H$jmAm| go hr ñd{ZarjU H$aZo H$s AmXV H$m
{dH$mg {H$¶m OmE&
9. Z¡{VH$ {ejm eãXm| go Zht, AmMaU Ûmam Xr OmE&
10. BZ ~mbH$m| H$s g‘ñ¶mAm| H$m VwaÝV g‘mYmZ {H$¶m OmE&
12.12 d§{MV ~mbH$
{ejmempñ̶m| Ed§ ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| H$m ܶmZ d§{MV ~mbH$mo| H$s Amoa J¶m h¡&
BZ joÌm| ‘| AZoH$ Aܶ¶Z {H$E JE h¡, {OZ‘| d§{MV hmoZo Ho$ Xþîn[aUm‘m|
H$m Aܶ¶Z {H$¶m J¶m& BZH$s gmoM, ^mdZmAm|, ê${M¶m|, A{^d¥[Îm¶m| Am¡a
‘Zmod¥[Îm¶m| H$m Aܶ¶Z ^r {ejm Am¡a ‘Zmo{dkmZ emoY Ho$ {df¶ aho h¢&
~Z©ñQ>rZ, hoqdJhñQ>©, Q>mZoZ~m°‘, amoQ>a, S>r. {gÝhm, {ÌnmR>r, E. Ho$. qgh Am{X
‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| Zo BZ d§{MV ~mbH$m| H$m Aܶ¶Z {H$¶m&
12.12.1 d§{MV ~mbH$ H$m AW© d n[a^mfm
d§{MV ~mbH$ do ~mbH$ hmoVo h¢ {OÝh| g‘w{MV {dH$mg Ho$ {bE Amdí¶H$
ݶyZV‘$ gmYZ-gw{dYmE± ^r CnbãY Zht hmoVr h¢& gmYmaUV¶m g^r Xoem|
‘| g‘mO ‘| Hw$N> dJ© Eogo {‘b hr OmVo h¢& BÝh| d§{MV dJ© H$hm OmVm h¡ Am¡a
BZ dJm] go gå~pÝYV ~mbH$ d§{MV ~mbH$ H$hbmVo h¢& ‘Zmo{dkmZ ‘| d§{MV
~mbH$ CÝh| H$hm J¶m h¡, Omo gm‘m{OH$-Am{W©H$ ê$n go VWm gm§ñH¥${VH$ ê$n
go Abm^mpÝdV g‘wXm¶ go AmVo h¢ Omo gm‘m{OH$, Am{W©H$ Ed§ gm§ñH¥${VH$ ê$n
go {nN>‹S>o hþE h¢, BÝh| OrdZ H$s gm‘mݶ gwI-gw{dYmE± ^r CnbãY Zht h¢&
BZ g‘wXm¶m| go AmZo dmbo ~mbH$ d§{MV ~mbH$ AWdm Abm^mpÝdV ~mbH$
H$hbmVo h¢&
d§{MV ~mbH$ H$s Hw$N> n[a^mfmE± {ZåZ àH$ma h¡-
1. dm°b‘¡Z Ho$ AZwgma-
d§MZ {ZåZñVar¶ OrdZ Xem ¶m àWH$Vm H$mo Kmo{fV H$aVm h¡, Omo {H$ Hw$N>
ì¶p³V¶m| H$mo CZHo$ g‘mO H$s gm§ñH¥${VH$ CnbpãY¶m| ‘| ^mJ boZo go amoH$ XoVm h¡&
àJʶ
2. JmS>©Z Ho$ AZwgma-
d§MZ ~më¶ OrdZ ‘| CÔrnZ XemAm| H$s ݶyZVm h¡&
3. Omamobr‘¡H$ d dmëe Ho$ AZwgma-
{H$gr ~mbH$ Ho$ gm‘m{OH$ ÑpîQ> go gw{dYmd§{MV hmoZo go h‘mam Ame¶ h¡ {H$ AnZo
{H$gr ^r àH$ma Ho$ gm‘m{OH$ OrdZ ‘| Aݶ ~ÀMm| H$s VwbZm ‘| Cgo H$‘ gw{dYmE±
àmá h¢&
Cn¶w©³V n[a^mfmAm| Ho$ AmYma na h‘ H$h gH$Vo h¢ {H$-
d§{MV ~mbH$ dh h¡, Omo gm‘m{OH$, Am{W©H$ d gm§ñH¥${VH$ dmVmdaU go àmá
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hmoZo dmbo CZ CÔrnH$ à^mdm| go d§{MV ahVm h¡ Omo gm‘mݶ ~mb {dH$mg Ho$ {bE
dm§N>Zr¶ h¢&
12.12.2 d§{MV ~mbH$m| H$s {deofVmE±
{ejmempñ̶m| Ed§ ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| H$m ܶmZ BZ d§{MV ~mbH$m| H$s Amoa J¶m
h¡& BZ joÌm| ‘| AZoH$ Aܶ¶Z {H$E JE h¢, {OZ‘| d§{MV hmoZo Ho$ Xþîn[aUm‘m|
www.praganya.org H$m Aܶ¶Z {H$¶m J¶m& BZH$s gmoM, ^mdZmAm|, ê${M¶m|, A{^d¥[Îm¶m| Am¡a
‘Zmod¥[Îm¶m| H$m Aܶ¶Z ^r {ejm Am¡a ‘Zmo{dkmZ emoY Ho$ {df¶ aho h¢&
~Z©ñQ>rZ, hoqdJhñQ>©, Q>mZoZ~m°‘, amoQ>a, S>r. {gÝhm, {ÌnmR>r, E. Ho$. qgh Am{X
‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| Zo BZ d§{MV ~mbH$m| H$m Aܶ¶Z {H$¶m& BZHo$ Aܶ¶Z Ho$
’$bñdê$n BZ ~mbH$m| H$s Hw$N> gm‘mݶ {deofVmAm| H$m nVm MbVm h¡& ¶o
{deofVmE± {ZåZ{b{IV h¢-
1. ¶o ~mbH$ gm‘m{OH$ Ed§ Am{W©H$ ñVa go {ZåZ n[admam| Ho$ gXñ¶
hmoVo h¢&
2. BZ ~mbH$m| H$mo {dH$mg Ho$ {bE Amdí¶H$ ‘yb^yV gmYZ-gw{dYmE±
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^r CnbãY Zht hmoVr h¢&
3. ¶o ~mbH$ AnZo AmnH$mo hrZ Ed§ H$‘Omoa g‘PVo h¢&
4. BZH$m ÑpîQ>H$moU ZH$mamË‘H$ hmoVm h¡&
5. BZH$s AmH$m§jmE± gmYmaU hmoVr h¡&
6. BZ‘| grIZo Ho$ {bE A{^àoaUm H$m A^md hmoVm h¡&
7. BZ‘| XÿaX{e©Vm H$s H$‘r nmB© OmVr h¡&
8. BZH$s ^mfm {eîQ> Zht hmoVr Am¡a AñnîQ> hmoVr h¡&
9. BZ ~mbH$m| H$m ~m¡{ÕH$ {ZînmXZ gr{‘V Ed§ An¶m©á hmoVm h¡&
10. Jar~r BZHo$ {bE A{^emn hmoVr h¡&
11. g‘mO Ho$ Aݶ dJm] Ho$ à{V BZH$s gmoM ZH$mamË‘H$ hmoVr h¡&
12. BZ‘| Agwajm H$s ^mdZm A{YH$ hmoVr h¡&
13. ¶o ~mbH$ emar[aH$ H$m¶m], Iob Am{X Ho$ {bE gj‘ hmoVo h¢&
14. BZ‘| AmË‘ào‘ H$s ^mdZm à~b hmoVr h¡&
12.12.3 d§{MV ~mbH$m| H$s nhMmZ
^maV ‘| d§{MV ~mbH$m| ‘| go A{YH$m§e ~mbH$ SC Am¡a ST dJ© Ho$ hmoVo h¢&
AmOmXr Ho$ H$B© dfm] ~mX BZ dJm] Ho$ H$B© n[adma Eogr pñW{V ‘| Am JE h¢ {H$
CÝh| {dH$mg Ho$ {bE gmar gw{dYmE± CnbãY h¢& bo{H$Z {’$a ^r H$B© n[adma A~
VH$ ^r d§{MV h¢& H$m¡Z-go n[adma d§{MV h¢ BZH$s nhMmZ H$aZm AmO Ho$ gÝX^©
‘| ‘wpíH$b h¡, ³¶m|{H$ g^r d§{MV hmoZo go {‘bZo dmbr gaH$mar, J¡a gaH$mar Ed§
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
àJʶ {d[eîQ> ~mbH$
ñd¶§gdo r g§ñWmAm| Ûmam Xr OmZo dmbr gw{dYmAm| H$m bm^ CR>mZm MmhVo h¢& BZ
dJm] ‘| AmZo dmbo g‘wXm¶m| Ho$ A{V[a³V ^r Eogo H$B© n[adma ^maV ‘| h¢, {OÝh|
d§{MV loUr ‘| aIm Om gH$Vm h¡, CÝh| nhMmZZo H$s Z Vmo H$moB© ì¶dñWm h¡ Am¡a
Z hr {H$gr amOZ¡{VH$ AWdm gm‘m{OH$, gm§ñH¥${VH$, Am{W©H$ Ed§ e¡{jH$ gd}jU
Ûmam d§{MV n[adma Ed§ CZgo gå~pÝYV ~mbH$m| H$s nhMmZ H$s Om gH$Vr h¡&
12.12.4 d§{MV ~mbH$m| H$s {ejm
d§{MV ~mbH$m| H$s {ejm gm‘m{OH$, Am{W©H$ Ed§ ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ ÑpîQ>H$moU na
AmYm[aV hmoZr Mm{hE& BgHo$ {bE {ejm ì¶dñWm ‘| {ZåZm§{H$V gwPmdm| na
ܶmZ XoZm Mm{hE-
1. {dÚmb¶ ‘| àdoe {~Zm {H$gr dJ©, dU©, qbJ Am¡a Om{V Ho$ AmYma
na hmoZo Mm{hE&
2. {ejH$m| H$mo Mm{hE {H$ Eogo dJm] Ho$ ~mbH$m| H$mo {‘bZo dmbr {H$gr ^r
Vah H$s Am{W©H$ ghm¶Vm Ho$ ~mao ‘| CÝh| AdJV H$amE±&
3. ^mfm gwYma, ñdmñ϶ ajm Ed§ ì¶mdhm[aH$ kmZ Ho$ {bE {deof
à¶mg {H$E OmZo Mm{hE&
4. BZ ~mbH$m| H$s ì¶p³VJV Ed§ e¡{jH$ g‘ñ¶mAm| H$m g‘mYmZ VwaÝV
{H$¶m OmZm Mm{hE&
5. BZHo$ ‘mVm-{nVm gmYmaUV¶m A{e{jV hmoVo h¢& AV… BÝh| àm¡‹T>
{ejm ¶m {H$gr Aݶ ¶moOZm Ho$ AÝVJ©V {e{jV {H$¶m OmZm Mm{hE&
6. Omo ~mbH$ {dÚmb¶ Zht Am nmVo h¢, CZH$s {ejm H$s ì¶dñWm H$s
OmZr Mm{hE&
7. BZ ~mbH$m| H$mo g§d¡Ym{ZH$ àmdYmZm| Ed§ ݶm{¶H$ àmdYmZm| go
AdJV H$amZm Mm{hE&
8. ¶o ~mbH$ n[adma, nmg-n‹S>mog Ed§ {dÚmb¶m| ‘| n‹T>Zo dmbo Aݶ dJm]
go gå~pÝYV ~mbH$m| Ho$ gmW nyU© g‘m¶moOZ H$a gHo|$, BgHo$ {bE
{ZX}eZ H$m¶©H«$‘m| H$m Am¶moOZ {H$¶m OmZm Mm{hE&
9. BZ ~mbH$m| ‘| ñdmdb§~Z Ed§ AmË‘gå‘mZ H$s ^mdZm {dH${gV hmo
gHo$, BgHo$ {bE {dÚmb¶m| ‘o§ VX²ZwHy$b H$m¶©H«$‘ Am¶mo{OV {H$¶o
OmZo Mm{hE&
10. BZHo$ n[admam| H$m dmVmdaU e¡{jH$ ~Zo BgHo$ {bE {ejH$ Ed§
A{^^mdH$m| H$mo {‘bH$a à¶mg H$aZm Mm{hE&
11. BgHo$ gmW Aݶ dJm] Ho$ N>mÌm| H$m ì¶dhma ghmZw^y{V Ed§ gh¶moJnyU©
hmoZm Mm{hE& {ejH$m| H$mo BgHo$ {bE g^r ~mbH$m| H$m gVV² {ZarjU
(à˶j Ed§ Aà˶j) H$aVo ahZm Mm{hE&
12. gaH$ma Ûmam Am{W©H$ ghm¶Vm Xr OmZr Mm{hE&
13. {ejH$ H$m ì¶dhma ^oX^md Ed§ njnmV go a{hV hmoZm Mm{hE&
14. BZ ~mbH$m| Ho$ gmW ào‘, ghmZw^y{V Ed§ gh¶moJnyU© ì¶dhma H$aZm
Mm{hE&
12.13 Hw$g‘m¶mo{OV ~mbH$
Hw$g‘m¶moOZ eãX A§J«oOr ^mfm Ho$ ‘mbES>OñQ>oS> H$m {hÝXr ê$nmÝVa h¡& ¶h
eãX Xmo eãXm| go {‘bH$a ~Zm h¡- ‘mb+ES>OñQ>& ‘mb H$m AW© hmoVm h¡
n¥îR> 223
Iam~ VWm ES>OñQ> H$m AW© hmoVm h¡ gm‘§Oñ¶& Omo ~mbH$ AnZo ì¶p³VËd
{dH$mg H$s ‘mÌm ‘| AnZr emar[aH$, ‘mZ{gH$ gm‘m{OH$, g§doJmË‘H$, Am{W©H$
Ed§ Z¡{VH$ {dH$mg Am{X go gå~pÝYV Amdí¶H$VmAm| H$mo nyam H$aVo hwE AnZo
gh¶mo{J¶m| Ho$ gmW gm‘mݶ ê$n go H$m¶m] H$mo gånÝZ H$aVo h¢, do g‘m¶mo{OV
H$ho OmVo h¢& {OZH$s C³V {H«$¶m¶| ~hþV AÀN>r Vah gånÝZ hmoVr h¢, do
gwg‘m¶mo{OV VWm {OZH$s Iam~ Vah go hmoVr h¢, do Hw$g‘m¶mo{OV H$hbmVo h¢&
12.13.1 Hw$g‘m¶moOZ H$m AW©
Hw$g‘m¶mo{OV ~mbH$ do hmoVo h¢, Omo gm‘m{OH$ à{V‘mZm| H$m nmbZ Zht H$aVo
h¢& gm‘mݶV¶m {Og ì¶p³V H$m ì¶dhma gm‘mݶ ì¶p³V¶m| H$s Anojm {^ÝZ
hmoVm h¡, Eogo ì¶p³V ¶m ~mbH$ H$mo gm‘m{OH$ n[adoe ‘| AnZo H$mo g‘§{OV
H$aZo ‘| H${R>ZmB© hmoVr h¡& Eogo ~mbH$m| H$m ì¶p³VËd ApñWa, g§doJ AñnîQ>
VWm ~m¡{ÕH$ ñVa gr{‘V hmoVm h¡& CZH$m à˶jrH$aU C{MV Zht hmoVm, CZH$m
ì¶dhma Xÿgamo| Ho$ {b¶o g‘ñ¶m ~Z OmVm h¡&
‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| Zo Hw$g‘m¶mo{OV ~mbH$m| Ho ~mao ‘| AnZo {dMma àH$Q>
{H$E h¡, Omo {ZåZ àH$ma h¡-
1. Sy>b‘mZ EÊS> H«o$gZa Ho$ AZwgma-
Agm‘mݶ ì¶dhma CZ ì¶mdhm[aH$ VarH$m| H$s gw{dYm Ho$ {bE Zm‘m§H$Z h¡, Omo
gm‘m{OH$ A{^bmfmAm| H$mo nyar H$aZo ‘| Ag’$b ahVo h¢&
2. H$mob‘¡Z Ho$ AZwgma-
BZH$s à‘wI {deofVm Z¡{VH$ {dH$mg H$m A^md h¡& Eogo bmoJ g‘mO Ûmam EH$sH¥$V
‘mZd ì¶dhmam| H$mo H$aZo Ho$ A¶mo½¶ hmoVo h¢& ‘yb ê$n ‘| ¶o Agm‘m{OH$ hmoVo h¢& ¶o
Xÿgao ì¶p³V¶m|, g‘yhm| AWdm gm‘m{OH$ ‘yë¶mo| Ho$ à{V gmW©H$ ê$n go d’$mXmar Ho$
A¶mo½¶ hmoVo h¢&
12.13.2 Hw$g‘m¶mo{OV ~mbH$mo Ho$ àH$ma
Hw$g‘m¶mo{OV ~mbH$m| Ho$ àH$ma {ZåZ{b{IV h¢-
1. emar[aH$ Hw$g‘m¶mo{OV ~mbH$
¶o ~mbH$ AnZo Hw$N> OÝ‘OmV AWdm dmVmdaUr¶ à^md go CËnÝZ emar[aH$
{dH$mam| Ho$ H$maU Hw$g‘m¶mo{OV hmo OmVo h¡, O¡go hH$bmZo, ê$H$-ê$H$ H$a
~mobZo dmbo AWdm XþK©Q>Zmde A§J-^§J hmo OmZo dmbo ~mbH$&
2. ‘mZ{gH$ Hw$g‘m¶mo{OV ~mbH$
Eogo ~mbH$ AnZr AmZwd§{eH$ ê$n go àmá BÀN>mAm|, AmH$mjm§Am|, AmXVm|,
‘mZ{gH$ ep³V¶m| Ho$ AZwgma Am¡a n¶m©daU go à{VH«$¶m Ho$ ’$bñdê$n ~Xbm,
{μOX, g§doJmË‘H$ CJ«Vm Am{X H$m àXe©Z H$aVo h¢&
3. gm‘m{OH$ Hw$g‘m¶mo{OV ~mbH$
Hw$N> ~mbH$ gm‘m{OH$ {Z¶‘m| Am¡a Z¡{VH$ ‘yë¶m| H$m Cëb§KZ H$aZo ‘o§ {deof
CËgmh àX{e©V H$aVo h¢& BÝh| Bg H$m¶© H$mo gmhgnyU© H$m¶© ‘mZVo hþE BZH$mo
Eogo H$m¶© ‘| EH$ {deof AmZÝX {‘bVm h¡&
4. e¡{jH$ ê$n go Hw$g‘m¶mo{OV ~mbH
Eogo ~mbH$ e¡{jH$ ê$n go Hw$g‘m¶mo{OV ~mbH$ H$ho Om gH$Vo h¢& ~mbH$m| H$m
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
n¥îR> 224 {d{eîQ> ~mbH$
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
Hw$g‘m¶moOZ A{YH$m§eV… CZH$s {ejm ‘| An춶 Ed§ AdamoYZ H$m ~hþV ~‹S>m
H$maU ~Z OmVm h¡¡& J§^ra ê$n go Hw$g‘m¶mo{OV g‘ñ¶mË‘H$ ~mbH$m| H$mo H$^r-
H$^r {dÚmb¶ go {ZîH$mgZ Am{X H$s gOm H$m {eH$ma ^r hmoZm n‹S> OmVm h¡&
12.13.3 Hw$gԦmo{OV ~mbH$mo H$s nhMmZ
Hw$g‘m¶mo{OV ~mbH$m| H$s nhMmZ {ZåZ{b{IV {d{Y¶m| Ûmam H$s Om gH$Vr h¡-
1. gm‘mݶ ì¶dhma H$m {ZarjU
2. g§M¶r d EZo³S>m°Q>b A{^boI
3. ì¶p³V B{Vhmg {d{Y
4. {ejH$m| d A{^^mdH$m| go gmjmËH$ma
5. {‘Ìm| d n‹S>mo{g¶m| go nyN>VmN>
6. ‘mZ{gH$ ¶mo½¶Vm narjU
Hw$g‘m¶mo{OV ~mbH$m| Ho$ ì¶dhma H$m {ZarjU d nhMmZ H$aZo Ho$
{b¶o CZHo$ A˶{YH$ ^¶, B©î¶m© H$aZm, AàgÝZVm, An{dÌVm, {dMmahrZVm,
H$m‘wH$Vm, Aíbrb ì¶dhma, ~oM¡Zr, ~H$dmg, hR> Am{X bjUm| na ܶmZ {X¶m
OmZm Mm{hE&
12.13.4 Hw$g‘m¶mo{OV ~mbH$mo§ H$s {ejm
Hw$g‘m¶mo{OV ~mbH$m| H$s {ejm Ho$ {b¶o n¥WH²$ ê$n go {H$gr {ejm ì¶dñWm H$s
Amdí¶H$Vm Zht hmoVr h¡& Wmo‹S>o go à¶mg H$o CnamÝV BÝho§ gabVm go {e{jV
{H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡& AV… BZH$s {ejm ‘| {ZåZ{b{IV ~mVm| na ܶmZ {X¶m
OmZm Mm{hE-
1. ~mbH$m| H$m ì¶dhma gwYmaZo ‘| A{^^mdH$m| H$s ^y{‘H$m ‘hÎdnyU©
hmoVr h¡& AV… {dÚmb¶ Ûmam {deofkm| Ho$ ‘mܶ‘ go A[^^mdH$m| H$mo
nam‘e© CnbãY H$amZm Mm{hE& A{^^mdH$m| Ho$ gh¶moJ go ~mbH$m|
Ho$ ì¶dhma-{dH$ma ‘| gwYma bm¶m Om gH$Vm h¡&
2. {ejH$m| H$m H$Îm©ì¶ h¡ {H$ do Hw$g‘m¶mo{OV ~mbH$m| H$mo nhMmZ|&
g‘¶-g‘¶ na CÝho§ {ZX}eZ Ed§ nam‘e© XoH$a {ejH$ ~mbH$m|
H$mo ñd¶§ AnZr g‘ñ¶mE± Ed§ CZHo$ g‘mYmZ Ty>±‹T>Zo Ho$ {b¶o ào[aV
H$a|& ¶hm± {ejH$ H$m ì¶dhma {‘ÌdV² hmoZm Mm{hE, {Oggo do
Hw$g‘m¶mo{OV ~mbH$m| H$m ‘mJ©Xe©Z ^br-^m±{V H$a gH|$&
3. ~mbH$m| H$mo CZH$s j‘VmAm| Ho$ AZwgma CÝZ{V H$aZo H$m Adga
XoZm Mm{hE& gwg§J{R>V nmR²>¶H«$‘ Ho$ Ûmam ~mbH$m| ‘| gm‘m{OH$,
gm§ñH¥${VH$ Ed§ Z¡{VH$ ‘yë¶m| H$m {dH$mg H$aZm gå^d hmoJm&
Hw$g‘m¶mo{OV ~mbH$m| Ho$ ì¶dhma H$mo g§Vw{bV H$aZo ‘| nmR²>¶H«$‘
H$s ‘hÎdnyU© ^y{‘H$m hmoJr& {ejU nmR>²¶H«$‘ Ho$ gmW-gmW nmR²>¶
ghJm‘r {H«$¶mAm| Ed§ ^«‘U Am{X Ho$ Am¶moOZ H$s ì¶dñWm hmo
{Oggo ~mbH$m| H$mo ñdV§Ì ê$n go ~mVMrV H$aZo, àíZ nyN>Zo VWm
AnZo {dMma 춳V H$aZo Ho$ nyU© Adga àmá hmo gH|$&
4. {ejU nÕ{V Eogr hmo Omo ~mbH$m| H$mo H$jm ‘| ~¡R>Zo Am¡a gwZZo-
g‘PZo Ho$ {b¶o AmH${f©V H$ao& {ejH$ AnZr gyP, {ddoH$ Ed§
Amdí¶H$Vm Ho$ AZwê$n {ejU {d{Y¶m| H$m MwZmd H$a gH$Vm h¡&
{df¶ Ho$ à{V ~mbH$m| H$s {Okmgm, ê${M, AmH$f©U Ed§ VËnaVm H$mo
{dH${gV H$aZo Ho$ {b¶o AܶmnH$ {ejU ‘| ghm¶H$ CnH$aUm| O¡go
àJʶ
ao{S>¶mo, Q>rdr, AmodahoS> àmoOo³Q>a, Q>on [aH$m°S>©a, ‘m°S>b {MÌ Am{X
H$m Cn¶moJ H$a gH$Vm h¡&
5. Hw$g‘m¶mo{OV ~mbH$m| ‘| AmË‘{dídmg CËnÝZ H$aZo Ed§ CZHo$
ì¶p³VËd ‘| {ZIma bmZo Ho$ CÔoí¶ go BZ {dÚmb¶m| ‘| emar[aH$,
‘mZ{gH$ Ed§ A{V g§doJmË‘H$ ê$n go J«{gV Hw$g‘m¶mo{OV ~mbH$m|
H$m ~hþ‘wIr {dH$mg H$aZo Ho$ Adga CnbãY hmoVo h¢&
12.14 A{YJ‘ A¶mo½¶ ~mbH$
www.praganya.org
emar[aH$ Ed§ ‘mZ{gH$ ê$n go ñdñW ì¶p³V H$s grIZo H$s j‘Vm AÀN>r hmoVr
h¡& bo{H$Z Hw$N> ~mbH$ AWdm ì¶p³V Eogo hmoVo h¢ {OÝh| Hw$N> ^r grIZo Am¡a
g‘PZo ‘| Xoar bJVr h¡ Am¡a H${R>ZmB© hmoVr h¡& BZ ~mbH$m| H$s ~w{Õ, ‘mZ{gH$
j‘VmE± Ed§ ^mfm kmZ Am¡gV ~mbH$ go H$‘ hmoVm h¡& ¶o ~mbH$ grIZo H$s
H$‘ j‘Vm dmbo ~mbH$ H$hbmVo h¢& BZ ~mbH$m| H$s e¡púmH$ CnbpãY¶m± Aݶ
gm‘mݶ ~mbH$m| go H$‘ hmoVr h¢& BZ ~mbH$m| Ho$ {bE ¶h H$hm Om gH$Vm h¡ {H$
www.praganya.org ¶o ‘mZ{gH$ ê$n go Hw$N> An§J hmoVo h¢& BZ ~mbH$m| ‘| H$moB© emar[aH$ An§JVm
Zht hmoVr, BZH$s kmZopÝжm± Ed§ H$‘}pÝжm± ^r nyU© AdñWm ‘| hmoVr h¢, bo{H$Z
BZ‘| BZHo$ ‘pñVîH$ Ho$ AÝXa Hw$N> g‘ñ¶mE± hmoVr h¢ {OgHo$ H$maU BÝho§
grIZo AWdm g‘PZo ‘| ~mYm AmVr h¡&
12.14.1 A{YJ‘ A¶mo½¶ ~mbH$ H$m AW© Ed§ n[a^mfm
~mbH$m| ‘| A{YJ‘ H$s A¶mo½¶Vm Ho$ AW© na {dMma H$aZo Ho$ {b¶o h‘| Bg‘|
à¶w³V A{YJ‘‘ Am¡a A¶mo½¶ eãXm| H$mo g‘PZm hmoJm& A{YJ‘ H$m AW© h¡
grIZm& A¶mo½¶ eãX H$mo A§J«oOr ‘| Disable H$hm OmVm h¡& A¶mo½¶ H$m AW©
www.praganya.org
hmoVm h¡- AZwn¶w³V AWm©V² Aj‘ ¶m Ag‘W© Am{X& gmYmaU ^mfm ‘| ¶h AW©
Zmbm¶H$, {ZH$å‘m Am{X Ho$ ê$n ‘| ^r à¶moJ {H$¶m OmVm h¡&
1. ‘oH${Z©Q>, boK, bmBgZ d Aݶ Ho$ AZwgma-
ZoeZb ÁdmBÊQ> H$‘oQ>r ’$ma b{ZªJ {S>gE{~{bQ>r Ho$ gXñ¶m| ‘oH${Z©Q>, boK,
bmBgZ d Aݶ Zo 1981 ‘| A{YJ‘ A¶mo½¶Vm H$mo n[a^m{fV H$aVo hþE H$hm h¡-
A{YJ‘ A¶mo½¶Vm EH$ Eogm ‘yb eãX h¡, Omo ~mbH$m| Ho$ Cg g‘yh H$mo àH$Q> H$aVm
h¡, {OÝh| gm‘mݶ ê$n go boIZ, nmR>Z, Aܶ¶Z, ldU, VH©$ VWm J{UV Am{X
¶mo½¶VmAm| H$mo gmW©H$ ê$n go H$aZo ‘| H${R>ZmB© AZw^d hmoVr h¡& ¶o H${R>ZmB¶m± ì¶p³V
Ho$ AmÝV[aH$ Ho$ÝÐr¶ V§{ÌH$mV§Ì H$s {dH¥$V {H«$¶m àUmbr Ho$ H$maU hmoVr h¢&
2. {H$H©$ Ho$ AZwgma-
grIZo H$s H$‘ j‘Vm H$m AW© CZ ~mbH$m| Ho$ {bE Zht h¡ Omo AñWm¶r Vm¡a na
grIZo ‘| H${R>ZmB© AZw^d H$aVo h¢ bo{H$Z CZHo$ {bE h¡ {OZH$s {ejm Ho$ joÌ ‘|
¶mo½¶Vm Ed§ CnbpãY ‘| H$m’$s AÝVa hmoVm h¡ Am¡a ¶hr AÝVa grIZo H$s H$‘ j‘Vm
H$mo àX{e©V H$aVm h¡& ¶h AÝVa ‘mZ{gH$ ‘ÝXVm, kmZopÝжm| H$s An§JVm, g§doJ
ApñWaVm Ed§ grIZo Ho$ {bE Adgam| H$s H$‘r Ho$ H$maU Zht hmoVm h¡&
3. bmb Ed§ Omoer Ho$ AZwgma-
{OZ ~mbH$m| ‘| grIZo Ho$ {bE Amdí¶H$ emar[aH$ Ed§ ‘mZ{gH$ j‘VmE± Am¡gV
~mbH$m| go H$‘ hmoVr h¢ Am¡a {OÝh| Hw$N> ^r grIZo ‘| H${R>ZmB© hmoVr h¡, CÝh| grIZo
H$s H$‘ j‘Vm dmbo ~mbH$ H$hm OmVm h¡&
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
àJʶ {d[eîQ> ~mbH$
12.14.2 A{YJ‘ A¶mo½¶ ~mbH$m| H$s àH¥${V Am¡a {deofVmE±
{ejm Ed§ ‘Zmo{dkmZ Ho$ joÌ ‘| Aܶ¶Zm| Zo grIZo H$s H$‘ j‘Vm dmbo
~mbH$m| Ho$ ì¶p³VËd H$s {deofVmAm| H$s Amoa g~H$m ܶmZ AmH¥$îQ> {H$¶m h¡&
¶o {deofVmE± {ZåZ{b{IV h¢-
1. BZ ~mbH$m| ‘| ‘w»¶ ê$n go grIZo H$s H$‘ j‘Vm, àoaUm H$s H$‘r,
gm‘mݶrH$aU H$s j‘Vm ‘| H$‘r, g‘ñ¶m H$s ¶mo½¶Vm ‘| H$‘r Am¡a
{MÝVZ H$m¡eb ‘| H$‘r Ho$ ê$n ‘| àH$Q> hmoVr h¡&
2. BZ ~mbH$m| H$mo ^mfm H$mo J«hU H$aZo Ed§ à¶moJ H$aZo ‘| H${R>ZmB©
hmoVr h¡& BgHo$ gmW hr J{UVr¶ ¶mo½¶Vm Ed§ gm‘m{OH$ H$m¡ebmo§ Ho$
grIZo Ed§ à¶moJ H$aZo ‘| ^r H${R>ZmB© hmoVr h¡&
3. BZ ~mbH$m| H$mo ‘w»¶ ê$n go H${R>ZmB© {H$gr ^r MrO H$mo grIZo
Am¡a Cg na A{YH$ma H$aZo ‘| AmVr h¡& Bg pñW{V ‘| BZH$m
ì¶dhma ‘ÝX~w{Õ Am¡a emar[aH$ ê$n go {dH$bm§J ~mbH$m| O¡gm
hmoVm h¡&
4. BZ ~mbH$m| ‘| gm§do{JH$ ApñWaVm hmoVr h¡& Bg H$maU BZHo$ ì¶dhma
‘| ‘yS>rnZ, XþpíMÝVm Ed§ ApñWaVm {XImB© XoVr h¡&
5. ¶o ~mbH$ emar[aH$ ê$n go ñdñW {XImB© XoVo h¢ Ed§ BZH$s kmZopÝжm±
(Am±I, ZmH$, H$mZ Am{X) ^r ñdñW hmoVr h¢&
6. BZ ~mbH$m| H$s A{^j‘Vm Ed§ ¶mo½¶Vm Am¡a dmñV{dH$ e¡{jH$
CnbpãY¶m| ‘| H$m’$s AÝVa {XImB© XoVm h¡&
7. BZ ~mbH$m| H$s ñ‘¥{V, {MÝVZ, AdYmZ, g‘P Am¡a Jm‘H$ {H«$¶mAm|
‘| {dH$ma hmoZo go gm‘mݶ ~mbH$m| go BZ‘| H$‘r hmoVr h¡&
8. grIZo H$s H$‘ j‘Vm dmbo ~mbH$ grIZo H$s Jå^ra g‘ñ¶m go
J«ñV hmoVo h¢&
9. BZ‘| grIZo H$s j‘Vm Adí¶ H$‘ hmoVr h¡ bo{H$Z ¶o grIZo ‘|
Ag‘W© Zhr§ hmoVo h¢&
10. ¶o ~mbH$ A{YH$ {H«$¶merb hmoVo h¢&
12.14.3 A{YJ‘ A¶mo½¶ ~mbH$m| Ho$ àH$ma
A{YJ‘ A¶mo½¶ ~mbH$m| Ho$ àH$ma {ZåZ{b{IV h¢-
1. ‘mZ{gH$ ep³V¶m|, O¡go-{ZarjU, VH©$, H$ënZm, ñ‘¥{V, ܶmZ
Am{X go Aj‘ ~mbH$&
2. emar[aH$ ê$n go Aj‘ ~mbH$&
3. boIZ, dmMZ, ldU Am{X H$m¶m] ‘| Aj‘ ~mbH$&
4. ^mfm Ed§ A{^ì¶p³V ‘| Aj‘ ~mbH$&
5. gmYmaU J{UV ‘| Aj‘ ~mbH$&
12.14.4 A{YJ‘ A¶mo½¶ ~mbH$m| H$s nhMmZ
A{YJ‘ A¶mo½¶ ~mbH$m| H$s nhMmZ hoVw {ZåZ{b{IV narjU {d{Y¶m| H$m à¶moJ
{H$¶m OmVm h¡-
1. {ZarjU
2. aoqQ>J ñH¡$b
3. MoH${bñQ>
4. gmjmËH$ma
n¥îR> 225
5. ‘mZH$ Z¡Xm{ZH$ narjU
6. ¶mo½¶Vm narjU
7. CnbpãY narjU
8. à{V{XZ H$s ‘yë¶m§H$Z à{H«$¶m
12.14.5 A{YJ‘ H$s A¶mo½¶Vm Ho$ H$maU
{ejm Ed§ ‘Zmo{dkmZ Ho$ joÌ ‘| hþE emoYm| Ho$ {ZîH$f© ~mbH$m| H$s H$‘ j‘Vm Ho$
VrZ H$maH$ ~VmVo h¢-
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ,
1. AmZwd§{eH$ H$maH$ www.praganya.org
2. O¡{dH$ H$maH$ O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§
3. n¶m©daUr¶ H$maH$ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ
àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
1. AmZwd§{eH$ H$maH$
~mbH$m| ‘| grIZo H$s H$‘ j‘Vm H$m à‘wI H$maU hmoVm h¡ CZH$m d§eH«$‘&
~mbH$m| Ho$ ‘mVm-{nVm Ed§ Aݶ d§eOm| Ho$ {nÌ¡H$mo| Ûmam ¶o ~mbH$m| ‘| AmVo h¢&
gm§do{JH$ ApñWaVm, ñ‘¥{V Ed§ {MÝVZ e[º ‘| {dH$ma, ~mobZm Am¡a grIZo ‘|
H${R>ZmB©, ~mbH$m| H$mo {nÌ¡H$m| Ûmam àmá hmoVm h¡& A~ Vmo A‘o[aH$m ‘| emoYH$m¶m]
Ho$ AmYma na d¡km{ZH$m| Zo {H$g {nÌ¡H$ go H$m¡Z-gr H$‘r AmVr h¡, H$s ImoO
H$a br h¡& AV… ¶h {ZpíMV ê$n go H$hm Om gH$Vm h¡ {H$ ~mbH$m| ‘| grIZo
H$s H$‘ j‘Vm d§eH«$‘ go ^r Am gH$Vr h¡& d¡go Aݶ H$maU ^r BgHo$ {bE
{Oå‘oXma hmoVo h¢, bo{H$Z d§eH«$‘ EH$ à‘wI H$maU h¡&
2. O¡{dH$ H$maH$
AZoH$ Aܶ¶Zm| Zo ¶h {gÕ {H$¶m h¡ {H$ ~mbH$m| Ho$ Ho$ÝÐr¶ ñZm¶w g§ñWmZ ‘|
J‹S>~‹S>r Ho$ H$maU ~mbH$m| ‘| grIZo H$s H$‘ j‘Vm AmVr h¡& ¶h J‹S>~‹S>r CZHo$
‘pñVîH$, ñnmBZb H$moS> g§Mma g§ñWmZ ‘| hmoVr h¢& ¶o J‹S>~{‹S>¶m± XþK©Q>Zm go
‘pñVîH$ na MmoQ> Ho$ H$maU hmo gH$Vr h¢ AWdm ~ÀMo Ho$ n¡Xm hmoZo go nhbo,
hmoVo g‘¶ Am¡a n¡Xm hmoZo Ho$ ~mX Am°³grOZ H$s H$‘r Ho$ H$maU hmo gH$Vr
h¢& ñnmBZb H$moS> Am¡a g§Mma g§ñWmZ na MmoQ> AmZo go ¶m j{VJ«ñV hmoZo na
^r grIZo H$s j‘Vm H$‘ hmo OmVr h¡& ~m¶moHo${‘H$b Bå~oboÝg Ho$ H$maU ^r
~mbH$mo§ Ho$ Ho$ÝÐr¶ ñZm¶w ‘§S>b H$s [H«$¶m ‘| {dH$ma Am gH$Vm h¡ Am¡a Bg
H$maU ^r ~mbH$m|o ‘| grIZo H$s H$‘ j‘Vm hmoVr h¡&
3. n¶m©daUr¶ H$maH$
~mbH$ AWdm ì¶p³V Ho$ emar[aH$, gm‘m{OH$, gm§ñH¥${VH$ Am¡a e¡{jH$
n¶m©daU ‘| H$‘r, Aì¶dñWm Ed§ à{VHy$bVm hmoZo na Cg‘| grIZo H$s j‘Vm
‘| H$‘r Am OmVr h¡& Eogo Hw$N> H$maU {ZåZ{b{IV h¢-
1. J^m©dñWm ‘| Hw$nmofU Ed§ Iam~ dmVmdaU Ho$ H$maU J^© ‘| hr ~mbH$
na à^md n‹S>Vm h¡ Am¡a dh Bg amoJ H$m {eH$ma hmo OmVm h¡&
2. g‘¶ na C{MV {M{H$Ëgm Ed§ nmofU Ho$ A^md ‘| ~mbH$m| ‘| gwZZo,
XoIZo, ñdmX, Ny>Zo, gy±KZo Am{X H$s j‘Vm ‘| H$‘r Am OmVr h¡ Am¡a
BgH$m à^md ~mbH$m| H$s grIZo H$s j‘Vm na n‹S>Vm h¡&
3. g‘¶ go nyd© OÝ‘ Am¡a OÝ‘ Ho$ g‘¶ Xÿ{fV n¶m©daU Ho$ H$maU
ñZm¶w g§ñWmZ na Xþîà^md hmo gH$Vm h¡ Am¡a Bg H$maU ¶h amoJ
hmo gH$Vm h¡&
4. {eew AdñWm ‘| hr MmoQ> Ho$ H$maU ñZm¶w g§ñWmZ H$mo hm{Z hmo OmZo
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
n¥îR> 226 {d{eîQ> ~mbH$
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
na ¶h amoJ ~mbH$m| ‘| AmVm h¡&
5. àoaUm ‘| H$‘r, EH$mJ«Vm ‘| H$‘r, ^mfm H$m¡eb Ho$ {dH$mg ‘| H$‘r
Am{X Ho$ H$maU ~mbH$ H$s grIZo H$s j‘Vm H$‘ hmo OmVr h¡&
6. gm‘m{OH$ Ed§ gm§ñH¥${VH$ n¶m©daU ‘| Xmof Ho$ H$maU ^r ~mbH$ Ho$
grIZo H$s j‘Vm à^m{dV hmoVr h¡&
7. XmofnyU© e¡{jH$ ì¶dñWm Ho$ H$maU ^r grIZo H$s j‘Vm ‘| H$‘r
AmVr h¡&
8. Zerbo nXmWm] Ho$ godZ go ~mbH$ Ho$ ‘pñVîH$ na ~wam à^md n‹S>Vm
h¡ Am¡a Bg H$maU BgH$m à^md grIZo H$s j‘Vm na n‹S>Vm h¡&
12.14.6 A{YJ‘ A¶mo½¶ ~mbH$m| H$s {ejm
A{YJ‘ A¶mo½¶ ~mbH$m| Ho$ {b¶o {ZåZ àH$ma H$s {ejm ì¶dñWm hmoZr Mm{hE-
1. gd©àW‘ ~mbH$m| H$s A¶mo½¶Vm {d{^ÝZ narjUm| Ho$ ‘mܶ‘mo§ go
nhMmZr OmZr Mm{hE&
2. A¶mo½¶Vm H$s nhMmZ hmo OmZo Ho$ níMmV² CgHo$ H$maUm| H$m Aܶ¶Z
{H$¶m OmZm Mm{hE&
3. Eogo ~mbH$m| H$s {ejm ì¶dñWm H$m {ZYm©aU H$aZo Ho$ {b¶o
A{^^mdH$m| Am¡a {deofkm| go {ZX}eZ d nam‘e© {H$¶m OmZm ~hþV
Amdí¶H$ hmoVm h¡&
4. BZ ~mbH$m| H$mo gm‘mݶ ~mbH$m| Ho$ gmW {e{jV {H$¶m OmZm Mm{hE,
naÝVw Amdí¶H$Vm n‹S>Zo na BZH$s {ejm H$s n¥WH²$ ì¶dñWm ^r H$s
OmZr Mm{hE&
5. BZ‘| AmË‘{dídmg, AmË‘{Z^©aVm Am¡a AmemdmXr ÑpîQ>H$moU H$m
{dH$mg H$aZo Ho$ {b¶o BÝh| Cn¶moJr H$m¡ebm| H$m kmZ d CZH$m
Aä¶mg H$am¶m OmZm Mm{hE&
6. BZH$mo ñWyb, a§JrZ d AmH$f©H$ ghm¶H$ gm‘J«r H$s ghm¶Vm go
n‹T>m¶m OmZm Mm{hE&
7. BÝh| Eogo H$m¶m] ‘| g§b½Z H$aZm Mm{hE {Oggo BZH$s ‘mZ{gH$
ep³V¶m| H$m Aä¶mg Ho$ ‘mܶ‘ go {dH$mg hmo gHo$&
8. BZHo$ gmW Y¡¶©, ghmZw^y{V Am¡a ào‘ H$m ì¶dhma {H$¶m OmZm Mm{hE&
9. BÝh| {ZarjU, gd}jU, ¶moOZm{d{Y Am{X {d{Y¶m| go ñd-AZw^d
Ho$ n¶m©ßV Adga àXmZ {H$¶o OmZo Mm{hE&
10. BZ ~mbH$m| H$mo ^mfm à¶moJembm, A{^H«${‘V AZwXoeZ Am¡a
H$å߶yQ>a gh AZwXoeZ AmYw{ZH$ e¡{jH$ VH$ZrH$s Ho$ ‘mܶ‘ go
ñd-A{YJ‘ Ho$ {b¶o ào[aV H$aZm Mm{hE&
11. BZH$m ‘yë¶m§H$Z BZHo$ Ûmam {Zînm{XV H$m¶m] Ho$ AmYma na {H$¶m
OmZm Mm{hE&
12. BZH$mo nwZ~©bZ d n¥îR>nmofU Ho$ Ûmam A{YJ‘ Ho$ {b¶o àmoËgm{hV
{H$¶m OmZm Mm{hE&
12.15 AnamYr ~mbH$
O~ {H$gr àm¡‹T> ì¶p³V H$m ì¶dhma gm‘m{OH$ {Z¶‘m| Ho$ {dê$Õ ¶m J¡aH$mZyZr
hmoVm h¡, Vmo Cgo AnamYr H$hm OmVm h¡ {H$ÝVw dhr ì¶dhma ¶{X {H$gr Aàm¡‹T>
Ho$ Ûmam {H$¶m OmVm h¡ Vmo Cgo ~mb AnamY H$hm OmVm h¡& ~mb AnamY {ejm-
àJʶ
‘Zmo{dkmZ Ho$ joÌ H$m EH$ ‘hÎdnyU© {df¶ h¡& BgHo$ AÝVJ©V Eogo ~mbH$m| H$s
J{V{d{Y¶m| H$m Aܶ¶Z {H$¶m OmVm h¡ Omo g‘mO Ho$ gm‘mݶ ~mbH$m| H$s Ymam
go hQ>H$a Eogo H$m¶m] ‘| g§{bßV hmo OmVo h¢ {OÝho§ g‘mO d H$mZyZ AnamY H$s
loUr ‘| aIVm h¡& AnamY Ho$db g‘mO Ho$ g§VwbZ H$mo hr Zht {~Jm‹S>Vm A{nVw
bmoJm| Ho$ OrdZ H$mo ^r g‘má H$aZo ‘| ghm¶H$ hmoVm h¡& AnamY g‘mO {damoYr
J{V{d{Y h¡, {OgHo$ H$maU hr XÊS> {X¶m OmVm h¡&
12.15.1 AnamYr ~mbH$ H$m AW© Ed§ n[a^mfm
gm‘mݶV¶m AnamYr ~mbH$ Cgo H$hm OmVm h¡ Omo n[adma, g‘mO, {dÚmb¶
www.praganya.org
Am{X Ho$ {Z¶‘m| Ho$ Cëb§KZ Ho$ gmW amÁ¶ Ho$ {Z¶‘m| H$m ^r Cëb§KZ H$aVm
h¡& ‘Zmo{dkmZ Zo ¶h eãX ݶm¶emñÌ go J«hU {H$¶m h¡& Bg‘| Xmo eãXm| H$m
à¶moJ {H$¶m OmVm h¡- AnamYr Ed§ ~mb AnamYr& {^ÝZ-{^ÝZ Xoem| ‘| BZH$m
AW© Ed§ n[a^mfmE± AbJ-AbJ d¡Y eãXm| ‘| H$s JB© h¢& h‘mao Xoe ‘| BZH$m
AW© B§{S>¶Z noZb H$moS> Amoa {H«${‘Zb àmogrOa H$moS> Ho$ AÝVJ©V {X¶m J¶m h¡&
Eogm ì¶p³V {OgH$s C‘« 21 df© ¶m Bggo A{YH$ h¡ Am¡a I.PC Am¡a Cr.
www.praganya.org P.C. Ho$ Ymam Ho$ AÝVJ©V {H$gr ݶm¶mb¶ Ûmam AnamYr Kmo{fV {H$¶m OmVm
h¡ Vmo dh H$mZyZZ AnamYr H$hbmVm h¡, Am¡a Omo ì¶p³V 7 df© go 18 df© VH$
Am¶w H$m hmoVm h¡ Am¡a ݶm¶mb¶ Ûmam {MëS´>Z E³Q>, I.P.C. Am¡a Cr. P.C.
H$s {H$gr Ymam Ho$ Cëb§KZ Ho$ H$maU AnamYr Kmo{fV {H$¶m OmVm h¡ Vmo dh
~mb AnamYr H$hbmVm h¡&
‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| Ûmam Xr JB© Hw$N> n[a^mfmE± {ZåZ{b{IV h¡-
1. BdmÝg Ho$ AZwgma-
O~ H$moB© 18 gmb go H$‘ Am¶w H$m ì¶p³V Z¡{VH$ ¶m H$mZyZr {Z¶‘mdbr H$m
Cëb§KZ H$aVm h¡, Vmo Cgo ~mb AnamYr H$hm OmVm h¡&
www.praganya.org
2. noO Ho$ AZwgma-
~mbH$m| Ed§ {H$emoam| Ûmam {H$¶m J¶m AnamY Omo H$mZyZ Ûmam {ZpíMV Am¶w Ho$ AYrZ
AmVo h¢, ~mb AnamY H$hbmVm h¡&
3. pñH$Za Zo AZwgma-
{H$gr {Z¶‘ Ho$ Cëb§KZ Ho$ ê$n ‘| ~mb AnamY n[a^m{fV {H$¶m OmVm h¡ Omo {H$gr
àm¡‹T> Ûmam {H$¶o OmZo na AnamY hmoVm h¡&
4. hmobr Ho$ AZwgma-
dh ~mbH$ Omo g‘mO-gå‘V AmMaUm| H$m nmbZ Zht H$aVm h¡, AnamYr H$hbmVm
h¡&
5. JwS> Ho$ AZwgma-
dh à˶oH$ ~mbH$ AnamYr h¡, {OgH$m ì¶dhma gm‘mݶ àM{bV gm‘m{OH$ ì¶dhma
go BVZm A{YH$ {^ÝZ hmo Om¶ {H$ Cgo g‘mO {damoYr H$s H$mo{Q> ‘| bmZm n‹S>o&
12.15.2 ~mb AnamYr Ho$ bjU AWdm {deofVmE±
AnamYr ~mbH$m| ‘| {ZåZm§{H$V bjU XoIo Om gH$Vo h¢-
1. BZH$s Amdí¶H$VmE± A{YH$ hmoVr h¢ Am¡a CÀM AmH$m§jm aIZo dmbo
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
àJʶ {d[eîQ> ~mbH$ n¥îR> 227

hmoVo h¢ Am¡a BZH$s àm{á Ho$ {bE JbV ‘mJ© AnZmZo ‘| g§H$moM Zhr§ gmoMo g‘Po Xÿgam| Ho$ H$hZo go b‹S>mB©-PJ‹S>m, Mmoar, PyR> ~mobZm ¶m Aݶ àH$ma
H$aVo h¢& Ho$ g‘mO {damoYr H$m¶m] ‘§o g§{bßV ahVo h¢& BÝh| àmg§{JH$ AnamYr Bg{bE
2. BZ ~mbH$m| H$s g‘mO Ed§ {dÚmb¶ Ho$ à{V ZH$mamË‘H$ ‘Zmod¥[Îm H$hVo h¢ ³¶m|{H$ ¶h àg§Jde AnamYr ì¶dhma H$aVo h¢&
hmoVr h¡ Am¡a Hw$ÊR>mAm| go J«{gV hmoVo h¢&
5. ì¶{^Mmar AnamYr
3. ¶o ~mbH$ emar[aH$ ê$n go öîQ>-nwîQ> hmoVo h¢ Ed§ gm‘mݶ ~mbH$m| go
O~ ~mbH$m| ‘| H$m‘ ep³V BVZr A{YH$ ~‹T> OmVr h¡ {H$ do ñd¶§ na {Z¶§ÌU
BZH$s ‘m±gno{e¶m± A{YH$ {dH${gV hmoVr h¢&
^r Zht aI nmVo h¢, Vmo ì¶{^Mmar hmo OmVo h¢& BZH$s H$m‘oÀN>m newdV² hmoVr h¡
4. ¶o ~mbH$ AmXe© Ed§ ‘yë¶m| go H$mogm| Xÿa hmoVo h¢ Am¡a Hw$VH$m] Ûmam
AnZm ~Mmd H$aVo h¡§& Am¡a do Agm‘m{OH$ ‹T>§J go AnZr BÀN>mAm| H$s ny{V© H$m à¶mg H$aVo h¢& Eogo
5. ¶o ~mbH$ gm‘m{OH$ ‘mZXÊS>m| Ed§ amÁ¶ Ho$ {Z¶‘m| H$s nadmh Zht ~mb AnamYr àm¶… ~mb ‘¡WwZ, new ‘¡WwZ, {df‘qbJr¶ ‘¡WwZ Am¡a hñV‘¡WwZ
H$aVo h¢& Am{X H$aVo h¢& Aíbrb {MÌ ItMZm, AnZo JwßVm§J XoIZm Am¡a bmoJm| go N>o‹S>-
6. ¶o ~mbH$ AnZr {H$gr ^r g‘ñ¶m Ho$ g‘mYmZ Ho$ {bE grYm Ed§ N>m‹S> H$aZm BZH$s àd¥{Îm hmo OmVr h¡&
gwJ‘ ‘mJ© AnZmVo h¡ Mmho dh Ad¡Y hr ³¶m| Z hmo&
7. ¶o ~mbH$ g§doJmË‘H$ ê$n go ApñWa hmoVo h¢& ¶o ñd^md go AmH«$m‘H$, 12.15.4 ~mb AnamY Ho$ H$maU
~oM¡Z, AmdoJerb Ed§ {dÜd§gH$ hmoVo h¢& ~mb AnamY hmoZo Ho$ H$maH$m| H$mo ‘w»¶ ê$n go VrZ dJm] ‘| aIm Om gH$Vm h¡-
8. ¶o àm¶… CJ«, Xþñgmhgr Ed§ ñdmWu àd¥[Îm Ho$ hmoVo h¢& 1. O¡{dH$ H$maH$
9. BZ ~mbH$m| ‘| Xÿgam| Ho$ à{V dmñV{dH$ ào‘, ñZoh Ed§ ߶ma Zht 2. n¶m©daUr¶ H$maH$
hmoVm h¡& 3. ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ H$maH$
1. O¡{dH$ H$maH$
12.15.3 ~mb-Anam{Y¶m| H$m dJuH$aU O¡{dH$ H$maH$m| ‘| AmZo dmbo ‘w»¶ H$maH$ {ZåZ{b{IV h¢-
~mb Anam{Y¶m| Ho$ dJuH$aU AZoH$ ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| Ûmam {H$¶o J¶o& ’o$ar ‘hmoX¶ 1. d§emZwH«$‘ - Wm°Z©S>mBH$, ñdmO© Ed§ ñHy$bqgJa Zo AnZo-AnZo
H$m dJuH$aU {ZåZ{b{IV h¢- Aܶ¶Zm| Ûmam ¶h {gÕ {H$¶m {H$ ~mbH$m| ‘| AnamYd¥[Îm CZHo$
1. OÝ‘OmV AnamYr ¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, ‘mVm-{nVm AWdm CZHo$ d§eOm| go AmVr h¡& BZHo$ ‘mVm-{nVm
2. Agm‘mݶ AnamYr www.praganya.org AWdm MmMm, ZmZm, ‘m¡gm Am{X {H$gr Z {H$gr ê$n ‘| AnamYd¥[Îm
3. àmg§{JH$ AnamYr O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§
BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ
‘| {bßV Wo Am¡a ¶h AnamYd¥[Îm {nÌ¡H$m| Ûmam ~mbH$m| ‘| AmVr h¡&
4. ì¶{^Mmar AnamYr àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡& 2. eara JR>Z - {d{b¶‘ eoëS>Z Zo AnZo Aܶ¶Z go Bg V϶ H$mo
5. Aä¶ñV AnamYr COmJa {H$¶m {H$ AnamYr ì¶dhma Am¡a ‘ogmo‘m°{’©$H$ g§aMZm ‘|
1. OÝ‘OmV AnamYr ghgå~ÝY hmoVm h¡& ‘ogmo‘m°{’©$H$ g§aMZm dmbo ~mbH$m| Ho$ eara H$s
OÝ‘OmV AnamYr H$s ~w{Õ bpãY H$m’$s H$‘ hmoVr h¡& do O‹S> Am¡a ‘y‹T> H$s loUr ‘m±gno{e¶m± JR>rbr Ed§ ‘O~yV hmoVr h¢&
3. XYY H«$mo‘mogmoåg - gm‘mݶV¶m ~mbH$ E§d ~m{bH$mAm| H$m
‘| AmVo h¢& ¶o gX¡d {Zame, CXmg Am¡a Hw$ÊR>mJ«ñV {XIm¶r n‹S>Vo h¢& AnZr
hrZ ^mdZm H$mo nyam H$aZo Ho$ {b¶o ^¶§H$a AnamY O¡go- byQ>, Mmoar, h˶m Am¡a {Z‘m©U Xmo H«$mo‘mogmoåg Ho$ g§¶moJ go hmoVm h¡, bo{H$Z Hw$N> ~mbH$ Eogo
hmoVo h¢ {OZ‘| EH$ A{V[aº Y H«$mo‘mogmoåg hmoVm h¡& Eogo ~mbH$m| Ûmam
~bmËH$ma Am{X H¥$˶ H$aVo h¢&
AnamY A{YH$ {H$E OmVo h¢&
2. Aä¶ñV AnamYr
2. n¶m©daUr¶ H$maH$
¶o ~mb AnamYr BVZm A{YH$ Ag‘m{OH$ H$m¶© H$aVo h¢ {H$ AnamY H$aZo ‘|
XmofnyU© n¶m©daU ~mbH$m| H$mo AnamYr ~Zm XoVm h¡& ¶o n¶m©daUr¶ H$maH$
Aä¶ñV Am¡a {ZnwU hmo OmVo h¢& AnamY H$aZo go BÝh| g§Vmof [‘bVm h¡& ¶o bmoJ
{ZåZ{b{IV h¢-
AmXVZ Zeo~mO, doí¶mJm‘r, Mmoa Am¡a OwAmar hmoVo h¢&
1. n[adma - ~mbH$m| Ûmam AnamYd¥[Îm H$s Amoa OmZo ‘| n[adma
3. Agm‘mݶ AnamYr {Oå‘oXma hmoVm h¡& ~¡ÊSyam, dmëQ>g©, dohba, boâH$mo{dO, {J«ñQ> Ed§
‘Zmo{dH$ma go J«{gV ~mb AnamYr ^r Bgr loUr ‘| AmVo h¢& Eogo ~mbH$ ‘| doëg Zo AnZo-AnZo Aܶ¶Zm| Ûmam ~mbH$m| H$s AnamYd¥[Îm Ho$ {bE
MoVZm Ed§ kmZ eyݶ hmoVm h¡& Eogo ~mb AnamYr AmË‘h˶m ¶m Aݶ ì¶p³V¶m| n[adma Ed§ CgHo$ n¶m©daU H$mo {Oå‘oXma ‘mZm h¡& BZHo$ Aܶ¶Zm|
H$s h˶m H$aZo ‘| g§H$moM Zht H$aVo h¢& BZ‘| gmoMZo-g‘PZo H$s ep³V ^r H$m {ZîH$f© {ZåZ{b{IV h¡-
eyݶ hmoVr h¡& a. ‘mVm-{nVm Ûmam ~mbH$ H$m {VañH$ma Ed§ XmofnyU© AZwemgZ
AnamYd¥[Îm H$mo OÝ‘ XoVm h¡&
4. àmg§{JH$ AnamYr
b. ‘mVm-{nVm Ûmam ~mbH$ na A§Hw$e Z aI nmZo go dh AnamY
Eogo ~mb AnamYr ~mbH$m| ‘| qMVZ Ed§ VH©$ep³V H$m A^md hmoVm h¡& ¶o {~Zm
H$aZo bJVm h¡&
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¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
n[adma Ho$ Qy>Q>Zo Ho$ H$maU (‘mVm-{nVm ‘| go EH$ H$s ‘¥Ë¶w
c.
AWdm gå~ÝY {dÀN>oX) ^r ~mbH$ AnamYd¥[Îm H$s Amoa ~‹T>Vm
h¡&
d. ‘mVm-{nVm Ûmam njnmVnyU© ad¡¶m AnZmZo go n[adma Ho$ EH$
~mbH$ H$mo Xÿgao go B©î¶m©, Ûof Ed§ XmofnyU© ñnYm© hmo OmVr h¡
Am¡a bJmVma njnmVnyU© KQ>ZmE± BZ‘| Vrd«Vm CËnÝZ H$a XoVr
h¢ Am¡a Cno{jV ~mbH$ AnamY Ûmam AnZm gå‘mZ Aݶ g‘yh
‘| àmá H$aZo H$m à¶mg H$aVm h¡&
e. Kaoby PJ‹S>o ^r H$^r-H$^r ~mbH$m| H$mo AnamYd¥[Îm H$s Amoa
YHo$bVo h¢&
f. ‘mVm-{nVm AWdm n[adma Ho$ {H$gr gXñ¶ H$m Amnam{YH$
ì¶dhma ^r ~mbH$m| H$mo Bg Amoa àd¥Îm H$aVm h¡&
g. Ka H$m Zrag Ed§ Aê${MnyU© dmVmdaU ^r ~mbH$m| H$mo AnamYr
~Zm XoVm h¡&
h. Jar~r Ed§ Am{W©H$ V§Jr ^r ~mbH$ H$mo AnamYd¥[Îm H$s Amoa
àd¥Îm H$aVr h¡&
i. {H$emoam| H$mo A{YH$ ñdVÝÌVm XoZm Am¡a CZHo$ {H«$¶mH$bmnm| H$m
gVV² {ZarjU Z H$aZo go do AnamY H$aZo bJVo h¢&
j. ‘mVm-{nVm AWdm K{ZîR> gå~ÝYm| H$s M[aÌhrZVm Ho$ H$maU
CËnÝZ Hw$ÊR>m ~mbH$ H$mo AnamY H$s Amoa YHo$bVr h¡&
2. nmg-n‹S>mog H$m n¶m©daU - nmg-n‹S>mog Ho$ AnamYr ~ÀMm|o Ed§
ì¶p³V¶m| H$s g§J{V Ho$ H$maU ~mbH$ AnamYr hmo OmVm h¡& OwAm
IobZm, Zerbo nXmWm] H$m godZ, Mmoar, ¶m¡Z AnamY Am{X ~mbH$
~war g§J{V go hr grIVm h¡&
3. gm‘m{OH$ n¶m©daU - ~mbH$ H$m gm‘m{OH$ n[adoe CgHo$ ì¶dhma
na à^md S>mbVm h¡& AmO H$m gm‘m{OH$ ‘mhm¡b ‘maYm‹S>, byQ>-
nmQ>, ~bmËH$ma, ^«îQ> AmMaU, Ad¡Y g‘yhm| H$m {Z‘m©U, h‹S>Vmb
Ed§ YaZm| H$m AnamYrH$aU Am{X H$m ~mbH$ Ho$ ‘Z-‘pñVîH$ na
~wam à^md n‹S>Vm h¡ Am¡a Cgo AnZr AmH$m§jmAm| H$s ny{V© H$m gab
Ed§ gwÑ‹T> gmYZ BZ Amnam{YH$ H¥$˶m| ‘| {XImB© XoVm h¡ Am¡a dh
Bg ‘mJ© na Mb n‹S>Vm h¡&
4. {dÚmb¶ H$m n¶m©daU - Ka Ho$ ~mX ~mbH$m| na {dÚmb¶ H$o
n¶m©daU H$m g~go A{YH$ à^md n‹S>Vm h¡& {dÚmb¶ Ho$ Xÿ{fV
n¶m©daU go ~mbH$ Hw$g‘m¶moOZ H$s Amoa àd¥Îm hmoVm h¡ Am¡a Yrao-
Yrao AnamY H$s Amoa ~‹T>Vm OmVm h¡& {dÚmb¶ H$m Xÿ{fV n¶m©daU
{ZåZm§{H$V H$maUm| go hmo gH$Vm h¡-
a. Xÿ{fV nmR²>¶H«$‘&
b. AZwn¶w³V {ejU {d{Y¶m±&
c. nmR²>¶ghJm‘r {H«$¶mAm| H$m XmofnyU© Am¶moOZ AWdm BZ
{H«$¶mAmo| H$m Am¶moOZ Zht H$aZm&
d. AZwemgZhrZ dmVmdaU&
e. AܶmnH$m| H$s Amng ‘| JwQ>~mOr Ed§ N>mÌm| Ho$ gmW Xþ^m©dZmnyU©
ì¶dhma H$aZm&
f. Hw$N> ~mbH$m| Ho$ gmW AܶmnH$m| H$m njnmVnyU© ad¡¶m Am¡a
Hw$N> Ho$ gmW Aݶm¶nyU© ì¶dhma&
àJʶ
3. ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ H$maH$
AnamYr ~mbH$ Hw$g‘m¶moOZ H$m {eH$ma hmoVo h¢& Hw$g‘m¶moOZ Ho$ ‘w»¶ H$maU
h¢ ~mbH$m| H$s Amdí¶H$VmAm| H$s ny{V© Z hmoZm& ~mbH$m| H$s emar[aH$, ‘mZ{gH$,
g§doJmË‘H$ Ed§ gm‘m{OH$ Amdí¶VmE± hmoVr h¢& BZH$s ny{V© ‘| ~mYm AmZo na
~mbH$m| ‘| Hw$ÊR>m, {Zamem, XþpíMÝVm Ed§ VZmd n¡Xm hmo OmVm h¡ Am¡a do BÝh|
Xÿa H$aZo Ho$ {bE Eogo gmYZ T>±y‹T>Vo h¢ {OZH$s g‘mO Ed§ H$mZyZ Amkm Zht
XoVm h¡& Yrao-Yrao do BgHo$ AmXr hmo OmVo h¢ Am¡a Amnam{YH$ H¥$˶m| H$mo H$aZo
bJVo h¢& ‘mZ{gH$ ÛÝÛ H$s pñW{V ‘| ~mbH$ ³¶m AÀN>m, ³¶m ~wam, ³¶m
R>rH$, ³¶m JbV h¡ BZH$m {ZU©¶ Zht H$a nmVm Am¡a Bg H$maU dh AnamY
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H$aZo bJVm h¡&
12.15.5 ~mb AnamY H$m CnMma
~mb AnamY amoH$Zo Ho$ Xmo Cnm¶ h¢, EH$ AnamY H$s Amoa àd¥Îm hmoZo go nhbo hr
Eogo Cnm¶ H$aZm, {Oggo ~mbH$ AnamYr Z ~Z|& Eogo Cnm¶m| H$mo à{V~ÝYmË‘H$
Cnm¶ H$hVo h¢& {’$a ^r ¶{X ~mbH$ AnamYr ~Z OmVo h¢, Vmo CÝh| gwYmaZo Ho$
www.praganya.org Cnm¶ H$aZm, {OÝh| CnMmamË‘H$ Cnm¶ H$hVo h¢&
1. à{V~ÝYmË‘H$ Cnm¶
à{V~ÝYmË‘H$ Cnm¶ Eogo Cnm¶ h¢ Omo ~mbH$m| H$mo AnamYr ~ZZo go amoH$Vo h¢&
Bg H$m¶© Ho$ {bE n[adma, g‘mO Ed§ {dÚmb¶ Ho$ n¶m©daU ‘| gwYma {H$¶m
OmVm h¡& AV… BZ VrZm| H$s ^y{‘H$m ‘hÎdnyU© h¡&
1. n[adma H$s ^y{‘H$m - ~mbH$ H$m àW‘ {dÚmb¶ n[adma hmoVm h¡&
n[adma H$m dmVmdaU ñdñW hmoZo na ~mbH$ ‘| Amnam{YH$ XþJw©Um| H$s
CËn[Îm Zht hmoVr h¡& n[adma H$m dmVmdaU ñdñW Ed§ àoaUmXm¶H$
~ZmZo hoVw {ZåZm§{H$V Cnm¶ {H$E OmZo Mm{hE&
www.praganya.org
a. n[adma Ho$ gXñ¶m| H$m AmMaU Z¡{VH$ Ed§ {d{Ygå‘V hmoZm
Mm{hE&
b. ‘mVm-{nVm H$mo Mm{hE {H$ do ~mbH$m| H$s C{MV Amdí¶H$VmAm|
H$s ny{V© ‘| H$Q>m¡Vr Z H$a|& AZw{MV Amdí¶H$VmAm| Ed§
AmH$m§jmAm| Ho$ ~mao ‘| ~mbH$m| go ‘mVm-{nVm H$mo gVV² g§dmX
Ûmam CÝh| {Oå‘oXmar XoH$a Ed§ ào‘nyU© ì¶dhma Ûmam CZgo hmoZo
dmbr hm{Z¶m| H$s ì¶m»¶m H$a CÝh| gÝVwîQ> H$aZm Mm{hE&
c. n[adma H$m dmVmdaU ào‘nyU© hmoZm Mm{hE& ‘ma-nrQ>, PJ‹S>o,
Jmbr-Jbm¡M Am{X H$m à¶moJ Zht H$aZm Mm{hE& ‘mVm-{nVm
H$mo ~ÀMm| Ho$ gm‘Zo AnZm AmXe© àñVwV H$aZm Mm{hE&
d. ‘mVm-{nVm H$mo AnZo ~ÀMm| H$s g§J{V Ed§ AmMaU H$m gVV²
{ZarjU H$aZm Mm{hE& {Og jU ^r CÝh| AݶWm AmMaU
{XImB© Xo, Cgr g‘¶ CgHo$ gå~ÝY ‘| ~mVMrV H$aZr Mm{hE&
e. ~ÀMm| H$s JbVr na CÝh| S>m±Q>Zm Zht Mm{hE, daZ² ào‘,
ghmZw^y{V Ed§ gh¶moJnyU© ì¶dhma go CÝh| g‘PmZm Mm{hE&
2. g‘mO H$s ^y{‘H$m - ~mbH$m| Ho$ ì¶dhma na g‘mO ‘| ì¶mßV
~wamB©¶m| H$m à^md n‹S>Vm hr h¡& amÁ¶ H$m H$Îm©ì¶ h¡ {H$ dh g‘mO
‘| ~‹T>Vr AnamY d¥[Îm¶m| H$mo amoHo$& Anam{Y¶m| Ho$ {bE C{MV XÊS>
H$s ì¶dñWm H$ao Am¡a g‘mO H$mo Vmo‹S>Zo O¡gr àd¥[Îm¶m| H$mo hdm Z
Xo& Aíbrb nmoñQ>a, eam~ImZo, ³b~m| H$s JÝXr àd¥[Îm¶m± Am{X na
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àJʶ {d[eîQ> ~mbH$ n¥îR> 229

emgZ H$mo à{V~ÝY bJmZm Mm{hE& byQ>-nmQ>, ~bmËH$ma, ^«îQ>mMma, àd¥[Îm H$mo àH$Q> H$aVm h¡ Am¡a n[aUm‘V… Yrao-Yrao CZH$s ¶h
‘ma-nrQ>, JÝXr amOZr{V, dJ©dmX, Om{VdmX Am{X H$mo ’¡$bmZo dmbo àd¥[Îm H$‘ hmoVr h¡&
ì¶p³V¶m| Ed§ g‘yhm| na à{V~ÝY bJmZm Mm{hE Am¡a CZH$mo XÊS> 3. ‘ZmoA{^Z¶ - Bg {d{Y ‘| ZmQ>H$m| Ûmam A{^ì¶p³V H$m Adga
XoZo H$s à{H«$¶m bå~r Zht hmoZr Mm{hE& {X¶m OmVm h¡& ~mbH$ AnZr ngÝX H$s ^y{‘H$m {Z^mVo h¢ Am¡a
3. {dÚmb¶m| H$s ^y{‘H$m - {dÚmb¶ ~mbH$m| H$m ~‹S>m n[adma hmoVm h¡& AnZo AÝXa H$s ^mdZmAm| (hf©, H«$moY, K¥Um, ào‘ Am{X) H$mo àH$Q>
¶hm± H$m n¶m©daU ewÕ, ñdñW Ed§ àoaH$ hmoZm Mm{hE& BgHo$ {bE H$aVo h¢& Yrao-Yrao BZ ^mdZmAm| Ûmam àH$Q> AnamY AWdm g‘mO
{ZåZm§{H$V à¶mg {H$E OmZo Mm{hE- {damoYr d¥[Îm H$mo H$‘ {H$¶m OmVm h¡&
a. àmW©Zm g^m H$m Am¶moOZ Am¡nMm[aH$ Z hmoH$a Z¡{VH$ Ed§
gm‘y{hH$Vm H$s ^mdZm go n[anyU© hmoZm Mm{hE& *******
b. {ejH$m| H$mo N>mÌm| Ho$ gm‘Zo AnZo AmnH$mo AnZo AmMaU Ûmam
AmXe© Ed§ ‘m°S>b Ho$ ê$n ‘| àñVwV H$aZm Mm{hE& ~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15
c. {ejH$m| H$m Amng ‘| Ed§ N>mÌm| go ì¶dhma ào‘, ghmZw^y{V Ed§ {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo
gh¶moJnyU© hmoZm Mm{hE& gbmh Xr OmVr h¡ {H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s
d. {dÚmb¶ H$m e¡{jH$ dmVmdaU N>mÌm| H$s j‘Vm, ¶mo½¶Vm Ed§
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~mbH$m| H$mo Hw$N> ^r JbV H$aZo Ho$ {bE amoH$Vm h¡, BgH$s
na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a
ì¶dñWm Jå^raVm go H$s OmZr Mm{hE& gH$Vo h¢&
i. {dÚmb¶ ‘§o ì¶p³VJV, e¡{jH$ Ed§ ì¶mdgm{¶H$ {ZX}eH$ H$s
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Ed§ JbV H¥$˶m| H$m VH©$nyU© {díbofU H$a gH§o$Jo Am¡a do ñd¶§
hr AnamYr d¥[Îm¶m| H$m {damoY H$a|Jo&
2. CnMmamË‘H$ Cnm¶
O~ ~mbH$ AnamYd¥[Îm ‘| {bá hmo OmVo h¡§ Vmo CZH$m CnMma H$aZm Amdí¶H$
hmoVm h¡& ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ ’«$m¶S> Zo ñnîQ> {H$¶m {H$ ~mbH$m| H$s AV¥ßV BÀN>mE±
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H$mo à^m{dV H$aVr h¡ Am¡a CÝh| AnamY àd¥[Îm H$s Amoa AJ«{gV H$aVr h¢&
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H$m nVm bJm¶m OmVm h¡ Am¡a VX²ZwHy$b CnMma {H$¶m OmVm h¡&
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{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&

n¥îR> 230 {d{eîQ> ~mbH$ àJʶ

¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&

Aä¶mgmW© àíZ 8. {d{eîQ> ~mbH$m| H$mo {ejm XoZo hoVw AnZmE OmZo dmbr àUmbr h¡-
(1) à^mdH$ Ed§ Cn¶w³V {ejm
(2) gå~{ÝYV nmR²>¶H«$‘
(3) {d{eîQ> {dÚmb¶ Ed§ H$jmE±
1. Omo AnZr ¶mo½¶VmAm|, j‘VmAm|, ì¶p³VËd VWm ì¶dhma gå~ÝYr (4) Cnamo³V g^r
{deofVmAm| H$s ÑpîQ> go AnZr Am¶w Ho$ Aݶ Am¡gV VWm Agm‘mݶ 9. {d{eîQ> ~mbH$m| H$s nhMmZ H$s {d{Y h¡-
~mbH$m| go ~hþV {^ÝZ hmoVo h¢, H$hbmVo h¢- (1) gm‘y{hH$ {Zîn{Îm (2) ‘mZ{gH$ narjU
(1) {d{eîQ> ~mbH$ (2) {nN>‹S>o ~mbH$ (3) ñdmñ϶ narjU (4) Cnamo³V g^r
(3) g‘ñ¶mË‘H$ ~mbH$ (4) {dH$bm§J ~mbH$

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10. {d{eîQ> ~mbH$m| Ho$ {bE nyd© n¥W³H$sH$aU {ejm ì¶dñWm H$m CXmhaU
2. {d{eîQ> ~mbH$ H$m gå~ÝY h¡- h¡-
(1) ~w{Õ ñVa go (2) {Zîn{Îm ñVa go
(1) A{V[a³V H$jm ¶moOZm (2) {deof H$jm ¶moOZm
(3) Am{W©H$ ñVa go (4) gm‘m{OH$ ñVa go
(3) {deof {dÚmb¶ ¶moOZm (4) Amdmgr¶ {dÚmb¶ ¶moOZm
3. Q>‘©Z Ho$ AZwgma {d{eîQ> ~mbH$ H$s {deofVm h¡- 11. {d{eîQ> ~mbH$m| Ho$ àH$ma h¢- ¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ,
(1) CÎm‘ emar[aH$ {dH$mg (2) e¡{jH$ {dH$mg
1. ‘mZ{gH$ ê$n go {nN>‹S>o ~mbH$ www.praganya.org
(3) ~m¡{ÕH$ {dH$mg (4) BZ‘| go g^r O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§
www.praganya.org 2. e¡{jH$ ê$n go {nN>‹S>o ~mbH$
3. à{V^mdmZ ~mbH$ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ
4. {d{eîQ> ~mbH$m| Ho$ AÝVJ©V {ZåZ ‘| go H$m¡Zgm ~mbH$ AmVm h¡? àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
(1) à{V^membr (2) {nN>‹S>m ~mbH$ 4. g¥OZmË‘H$ ~mbH$
(3) ‘ÝX-~w{Õ ~mbH$ (4) Cn¶w©³V g^r Hy$Q>-
(1) 3 Am¡a 4 (2) 1 Am¡a 2
5. {d[eîQ> ~mbH$m| H$s loUr ‘| AmVo h¢- (3) 1,2 Am¡a 3 (4) ¶o g^r
(1) ~m¡{ÕH$ ê$n go {^ÝZ ~mbH$
(2) emar[aH$ ê$n go {^ÝZ ~mbH$ 12. ........... à{V^membr hmoZo H$m g§Ho$V Zht h¡&
(3) d§MZ Ho$ AmYma na {^ÝZ ~mbH$ (1) g¥OZmË‘H$ {dMma (2) Xÿgam| Ho$ gmW PJ‹S>Zm
(4) Cnamo³V g^r (3) A[^ì¶p³V ‘| ZdrZVm (4) {Okmgm
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6. {ZåZ{b{IV H$WZm| na {dMma H$s{OE- 13. à{V^membr {dÚmWu-

1. {d{eîQ> ~mbH$m| Ho$ {bE n¥W³H$aU H$m Xe©Z {dÚm{W©¶m|, ‘mVm-{nVm (1) ñd^md Ho$ AÝV‘w©Ir hmoVo h¢&
VWm AܶmnH$m| H$mo ~Vm¶m OmZm Mm{hE& (2) AnZr Amd¶í¶H$VmAm| H$mo Ñ‹T>Vmnyd©H$ Zht H$h nmVo&
2. {d{eîQ> ¶m {dbjU ~mbH$m| H$s Amdí¶H$VmE± ^r {d[eîQ> hr hmoVr h¢& (3) AnZo {ZU©¶m| ‘| AmË‘{Z^©a hmoVo h¢&
AV… CgHo$ {bE {Xem- {ZX}eZ ^r {d{eîQ> hmoZm Mm{hE& (4) {ejH$m| go ñdVÝÌ hmoVo h¢&
Cnamo³V H$WZm| ‘| H$m¡Zgm/go H$WZ ghr h¡/h¢?
14. à{V^membr ~mbH$ H$s {deofVm h¡-
(1) Ho$db 1
(1) gm‘mݶ Aܶ¶Z ‘| ê${M (2) X¡{ZH$ H$m¶m] ‘| g‘ê$nVm
(2) Ho$db 2
(3) ‘ÝX-~w{Õ ~mbH$m| ‘| ê${M (4) ‘yV© {df¶m| ‘| ê${M
(3) 1 Am¡a 2
(4) Z Vmo 1 Am¡a Z hr 2 15. A{YJ‘ Ag‘Wu ~mbH$ dh h¡ {OgH$s-
(1) ~w{ÕbpãY H$‘ h¡& (2) ~w{ÕbpãY A{YH$ h¡&
7. {d{eîQ> ~mbH$m| H$s {ejm H$m/Ho$ ³¶m CÔoí¶ h¡/h¢? (3) ~w{ÕbpãY Am¡gV h¡& (4) ~w{ÕbpãY ~hþV A{YH$ h¡&
(1) ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg H$m CÔoí¶
(2) emar[aH$ {dH$mg H$m CÔoí¶ 16. à{V^membr {ejH$ ......... hmoVm h¡&
(3) ì¶mdgm{¶H$ XjVm H$m CÔoí¶ (1) A{^gmar {MÝVH$ (2) Angmar {MÝVH$
(4) ¶o g^r (3) ~{h‘w©Ir (4) ~hþV n[al‘r

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16.

(1) (1) (3) (4) (4) (3) (4) (4) (4) (4) (4) (2) (3) (1) (1) (2)
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
àJʶ {d[eîQ> ~mbH$ n¥îR> 231

17. A{YJ‘ Ag‘Wu ~mbH$m| H$s {deofVm hmoVr h¡- H$aZm Mm{hE&
(1) g§doJmË‘H$ à{VamoY (2) MoVZm H$s H$‘r (3) Ho$db AmÝV[aH$ Iobm| ‘| {hñgm boZo H$s AZw‘{V XoZr Mm{hE&
(3) ñ‘¥{V H$s H$‘r (4) ¶o g^r (4) H$jm Ho$ g^r {dÚm{W©¶m| Ho$ gmW IobZo Ho$ {bE Omoa S>mbZm Mm{hE&

18. A{YJ‘ {Z¶m}½¶Vm H$m bjU h¡- 26. O~ EH$ {e{jH$m ÑpîQ>~m{YV {ejmWu H$mo H$jm Ho$ Aݶ {ejm{W©¶m| Ho$
(1) ^mJZo H$s àd¥{Îm hmoZm gmW gm‘y{hH$ J{V{d{Y¶m| ‘| em{‘b H$aVr h¢, Vmo dh-
(2) AemÝV, D$Om©dmZ Ed§ {dÜd§gH$ hmoZm ¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, (1) H$jm Ho$ {bE grIZo hoVw ~mYmE± CËnÝZ H$a ahr h¢&
(3) AdYmZ gå~ÝYr ~mYm/{dH$ma www.praganya.org
(2) g‘mdoer {ejm H$s ^mdZm Ho$ AZwgma H$m¶© H$a ahr h¢&
O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§
(4) A[^àoaUm H$m A^md (3) g^r {ejm{W©¶m| ‘| ÑpîQ>~m{YV {ejmWu Ho$ à{V ghmZw^y{V {dH${gV
BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ
àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡& H$aZo ‘| ‘XX H$a ahr h¢&
19. d§{MV dJ© Ho$ ~mbH$m| Ho$ AÝVJ©V AmVo h¢- (4) ÑpîQ>~m{YV {ejmWu na gå^dV… VZmd ~‹T>m ahr h¡&
(1) AÝYo d An§J ~mbH$
(2) nyU© ~{Ya ¶m Am§{eH$ ~{Ya 27. ldU õmg go J«{gV ~ÀMo H$jm ‘| {H$g g~go ‘w»¶ Z¡amí¶ (Hw$ÊR>m)
(3) ‘ÝX-~w{Õ d hH$bmZo dmbo ~mbH$ H$m gm‘Zm H$aVo h¢?
(4) Cn¶w©³V g^r ~mbH$ (1) Xÿgam| Ho$ gmW gåàofU H$aZo VWm gyMZmAm| H$mo ~m±Q>Zo ‘| Aj‘Vm
(2) Xÿgao {dÚm{W©¶m| Ho$ gmW narjm XoZo ‘| Aj‘Vm
20. ldU j{V¶w³V ~mbH$ do hmoVo h¢, Omo- (3) àñVm{dV nmR²>¶-nwñVH$ H$mo n‹T>Zo H$s Aj‘Vm
(1) Z gwZ nmVo h¢, Z XoI nmVo h¢& (4) Iob-Hy$X ‘| ^mJrXm[aVm {Z^mZo ‘| Aj‘Vm
(2) ~mobZo go nhbo ldU ep³V ImoZo dmbo
(3) Z ~mob nmVo h¢, Z XoI nmVo h¢& 28. {S>ñbop³g¶m ‘w»¶ ê$n go ............ H$s g‘ñ¶m go gå~pÝYV h¡&
(4) BZ‘| go H$moB© Zht (1) gwZZo (2) n‹T>Zo
(3) ~mobZo (4) ~mobZo d gwZZo
21. g¥OZmË‘H$ {ejmWu dh h¡, Omo-
(1) ~hþV ~w{Õ‘mZ h¡& 29. {deof Amdí¶H$Vm dmbo ~ÀMm| H$mo {ejm CnbãY H$amB© OmZr Mm{hE-
(2) narjm ‘| ha ~ma AÀN>o A§H$ àmßV H$aZo Ho$ ¶mo½¶ h¡& (1) Aݶ gm‘mݶ ~ÀMm| Ho$ gmW
(3) nmíd© (boQ´>b) {MÝVZ Am¡a g‘ñ¶m-g‘mYmZ ‘| AÀN>m h¡& (2) {deof {dÚmb¶m| ‘| {deof ~ÀMm| Ho$ {bE {dH${gV nÕ{V¶m| Ûmam
(4) S´>m°B§J Am¡a nopÝQ>¨J ‘| ~hþV {dbjU h¡& (3) {deof {dÚmb¶m| ‘|
(4) {deof {dÚmb¶m| ‘| {deof {ejH$m| Ûmam
22. g‘ñ¶mË‘H$ ~mbH$ h¡-
(1) PyR> ~mobZo dmbm 30. {S>ñbop³g¶m {H$ggo gå~pÝYV h¡?
(2) Mmoar H$aZo dmbm (1) ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$ma go (2) J{UVr¶ {dH$ma go
(3) ‘mVm-{nVm H$m H$hZm Z ‘mZZo dmbm (3) nR>Z {dH$ma go (4) ì¶dhma-gå~ÝYr {dH$ma go
(4) Cnamo³V g^r
31. nm±Mdr§ H$jm Ho$ ÑpîQ>~m{YV [dÚmWu-
23. emar[aH$ ê$n go Aj‘ ~ÀMm| H$mo gm‘mݶV… ........... hmoVm h¡& (1) H$mo {ZMbo ñVa Ho$ H$m¶© H$aZo H$s Ny>Q> {‘bZr Mm{hE&
(1) {S>ñH¡$ëHw${b¶m (2) {S>ñbop³g¶m (2) Ho$ ‘mVm-{nVm Am¡a {‘Ìm| Ûmam Cgo X¡{ZH$ H$m¶m] H$mo H$aZo ‘| ghm¶Vm
(3) {S>ñJ«m{’$¶m (4) {S>ñWr{‘¶m H$s OmZr Mm{hE&
(3) Ho$ gmW H$jm ‘| gm‘mݶ ê$n go ì¶dhma {H$¶m OmZm Mm{hE Am¡a lì¶
24. EH$ ~ÀMm Omo ............ go J«ñV h¡, dh saw Am¡a was, nuclear gr.S>r. Ho$ ‘mܶ‘ go ghm¶Vm CnbãY H$amB© OmZr Mm{hE&
Am¡a unclear ‘| AÝVa Zht H$a gH$Vm& (4) Ho$ gmW H$jm ‘| {deof ì¶dhma {H$¶m OmZm Mm{hE&
(1) eãX O§~qbJ {dH$ma (2) {S>ñbop³g{‘¶m
(3) {S>ñ‘moa{’$¶m (4) {S>ñbop³g¶m 32. {deof ê$n go àmW{‘H$ ñVa na {dÚm{W©¶m| H$s grIZo gå~ÝYr
g‘ñ¶mAm| H$mo gå~mo{YV H$aZo H$m g~go ~ohVa VarH$m h¡-
25. H$jm ‘| VrZ ~ÀMo nmo{b¶moJ«ñV h¢& Iob Ho$ H$mbm§e ‘| CÝh|- (1) Aj‘Vm Ho$ AZwê$n {d{^ÝZ {ejU nÕ{V¶m| H$m à¶moJ H$aZm
(1) EH$ H$moZo ‘| ~¡R>Zm Mm{hE, Vm{H$ do Iob H$m AmZÝX bo gH|$& (2) ‘h±Jr Am¡a M‘H$Xma ghm¶H$ gm‘J«r H$m à¶moJ H$aZm
(2) Aݶ ~ÀMm| Ho$ gmW C{MV Iobm| ‘| {hñgm boZo Ho$ {bE àmoËgm{hV

17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32.
(4) (3) (4) (2) (3) (4) (3) (4) (2) (2) (1) (2) (1) (3) (3) (1)
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&

n¥îR> 232 {d{eîQ> ~mbH$ àJʶ

¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
(3) gab Am¡a amoMH$ nmR²>¶-nwñVH$m| H$m à¶moJ H$aZm (3) ê${M¶m| H$s {^ÝZVm
(4) H$hmZr H$WZ nÕ{V H$m à¶moJ H$aZm (4) AܶmnH$ H$s ^y{‘H$m Ed§ {dÚmb¶r dmVmdaU

33. {Z…e³V ~ÀMm| Ho$ {bE g‘o{H$V {ejm H$s Ho$ÝÐ àm¶mo{OV ¶moOZm H$m 42. emar[aH$ {Z¶m}½¶Vm dmbo ì¶p³V Ho$ {bE {ZåZ ‘o go H$m¡Zgr ¶wp³V ajm
CÔoí¶ h¡- ............ ‘| {Z…e³V ~ÀMm| H$mo e¡{jH$ Adga CnbãY VÝÌ ‘| g~go gÝVmofOZH$ hmoJr?
H$amZm& (1) VmXmˑrH$aU (2) {ddoH$sH$aU
(1) {deof {dÚmb¶m| (3) A{VH$ënZm (4) BZ‘| go H$moB© Zht
(2) ‘w³V {dÚmb¶m|
(3) ãbmBÊS> [abr’$ Egmo{gEeZ Ho$ {dÚmb¶m| 43. ‘mZ{gH$ ñdmñ϶ Am¡a ........... ‘| K{ZîR> gå~ÝY h¡&
(4) {Z¶{‘V {dÚmb¶m| (1) A{^d¥{Îm (2) ñdrH$m¶©Vm

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(3) ~MZo (4) g‘m¶moOZ
34. {S>ñWr{‘¶m h¡-
(1) Jå^ra VZmd H$s AdñWm (2) nR>Z {dH$ma 44. ‘mZ{gH$ ñdmñ϶ Ho$ {Z¶‘m| H$mo ImoOZm Am¡a CÝh| ~Zm¶o aIZm
(3) eãX O§~qbJ {dH$ma (4) boIZ {dH$ma Aܶ¶Z H$m Ho$ÝÐ {~ÝXþ h¡& ¶h H$WZ h¡-
(1) e¡’$a H$m (2) h¡S>’$sëS> H$m
35. J{UV H$mo g‘PZo H$s Ae³VVm h¡- (3) S´>oda H$m (4) b¡S>ob H$m
(1) {S>ñ‘moa{’$¶m (2) {S>ñH¡$ëHw${b¶m
(3) {S>ñJ«m{’$¶m (4) {S>ñbop³g¶m www.praganya.org 45. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$ma Ho$ bjUm| H$mo g^r Xem©Vo h¢,
{gdm¶- ~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$
36. {S>ñJ«m{’$¶m ‘w»¶ ê$n go ........... H$s g‘ñ¶m go gå~pÝYV h¡& (1) ^½Zmem Ho$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm
(1) gwZZo (2) n‹T>Zo (2) VZmd Ho$ h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡ {H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV
(3) ~mobZo (4) {bIZo (3) gå~ÝY Ho$ g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ>
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(4) {MÝVm Ho$
37. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go ‘m¡{IH$ ê$n go grIZo H$s Ae³VVm H$m¡Zgr h¡? go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
(1) {S>ñJ«m{’$¶m (2) {S>ñH¡$ëHw${b¶m 46. ’$ Ed§ d, ‘ Ed§ Z Ajam| H$s Üd{Z¶m| ‘| AÝVa Z H$a nmZm A{YJ‘
(3) A’o$Á¶m (4) {S>ñbop³g¶m H$s {H$g g‘ñ¶m go gå~pÝYV h¡?
(1) AdYmZ Ho$ÝÐU go
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38. ............ Ho$ A{V[a³V {ZåZ{b{IV g^r Ho$ H$maU A{YJ‘ Aj‘Vm (2) ñ‘¥{V go
CËnÝZ hmo gH$Vr h¡- (3) à˶jrH$aU go
(1) gm§ñH¥${VH$ H$maH$ (2) goao~«b {S>ñ’§$³eZ (4) BZ‘| go g^r
(3) g§doJmË‘H$ {d¿Z (4) ì¶dhmaJV {d¿Z
47. ¶{X AmnH$s H$jm ‘| H$moB© ~ÀMm A{YJ‘ Aj‘ hmo, Vmo Amn ³¶m
39. J{VH$ H$m¡ebm| ‘| A{YJ‘ {Z¶m}½¶Vm ............ H$hbmVr h¡& H$a|Jo?
(1) {S>ñ’«o${O¶m (2) {S>ñàop³g¶m
(1) CgH$s Amoa H$moB© ܶmZ Zht X|Jo&
(3) {S>ñH¡$ëHw${b¶m (4) {S>ñbop³g¶m
(2) CgH$s Aj‘Vm {H$g àH$ma H$s h¡? ¶h OmZH$a CgH$mo {gImZo H$m
40. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgr ‘mZ{gH$ ‘ÝXVm H$s {deofVm Zht h¡? à¶mg H$a|Jo&
(1) ~w{ÕbpãY H$m 25 go 70 Ho$ ‘ܶ hmoZm (3) CgH$s A{V[a³V H$jm b|Jo&
(2) Yr‘r J{V go grIZm Ed§ X¡{ZH$ OrdZ H$s {H«$¶mAm| H$mo Z H$a nmZm (4) CgH$s ~¡R>H$ ì¶dñWm H$jm Ho$ ~w{Õ‘mZ ~ÀMm| Ho$ gmW H$a|Jo&
(3) dmVmdaU Ho$ gmW AZwHy$bZ ‘| H${R>ZmB©
48. {ZåZ ‘| go H$m¡Zgm H$WZ {H$gr ì¶{³V Ho$ ‘mZ{gH$ ñdmñ϶ H$mo CÎm‘
(4) AÝVd£¶p³VH$ gå~ÝYm| H$m H$‘Omoa hmoZm
ê$n go àX{e©V H$aVm h¡?
41. {dÚm{W©¶m| Ho$ AÀN>o ‘mZ{gH$ ñdmñ϶ H$mo ~ZmE aIZo Ho$ {bE (1) nyU© A{^ì¶p³V, g§J{VH$aU Am¡a gm‘mݶ bjU H$s Amoa {ZX}eZ
{ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgm VarH$m A{YH$ ‘hÎdnyU© h¡? (2) ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mam| H$m Z hmoZm
(1) gh-e¡{jH$ {H«$¶mAm| H$m àmdYmZ (3) ì¶p³VËd Ho$ {dH$mam| go ‘wp³V
(2) A{^ì¶p³V H$s ñdVÝÌVm (4) BZ‘| go g^r

33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48.
(4) (1) (2) (4) (3) (1) (2) (4) (4) (3) (2) (3) (3) (4) (2) (1)
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àJʶ {d[eîQ> ~mbH$ n¥îR> 233

49. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgm g§Ho$V ~ÀMm| ‘| ÑpîQ> ~m{YVm H$s g‘ñ¶m 58. ‘mZ{gH$ ñdmñ϶ H$m AW©-dmñV{dH$Vm Ho$ YamVb na dmVmdaU go
gy{MV Zht H$aVm? n¶m©ßV gm‘§Oñ¶ H$aZo H$s ¶mo½¶Vm h¡& ¶h H$WZ h¡-
(1) {Xem-{ZX}e Ho$ AZwgaU ‘| g‘ñ¶m (1) b¡S>ob H$m (2) S´>oda H$m
(2) CXmgr (3) pñH$Za H$m (4) H«$mo Ed§ H«$mo H$m
(3) R>moH$a bJZo H$m ^¶
(4) Xÿar ‘mnZo ‘| Ag‘W©Vm 59. {dH$bm§J ~ÀMm| Ho$ gmW {ejH$ H$mo H$aZm Mm{hE-
(1) ào‘nyU© ì¶dhma (2) CnojmnyU© ì¶dhma
50. dmH²$ ~m{YV ~ÀMm| H$m {dH$mg {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡, CZH$mo- (3) gm‘mݶ go ho¶ (4) CXmgrZVmnyU© ì¶dhma
(1) H$jm ‘| AnZo {dMma H$mo àX{e©V H$aZo Ho$ {bE àmoËgm{hV H$aHo$
(2) ghr Üd{Z Ho$ CÀMmaU Ho$ {bE ghm¶Vm H$aHo$ 60. {dH$bm§J ~ÀMm| H$mo {e{jV H$aZm-
(3) CZHo$ Ûmam H${WV Jb{V¶m| H$mo gwZZo ‘| ghm¶Vm H$aHo$ (1) YZ H$s ~~m©Xr h¡& (2) KmQ>o H$m gm¡Xm h¡&
(4) ‘yë¶m§H$Z Ho$ {bE {deofk Ho$ nmg ^oOH$a (3) ì¶W© H$m¶© h¡& (4) gm‘m{OH$ H$Îm©ì¶ h¡&

51. amîQ´>r¶ ÑpîQ> ~m{YVmW© g§ñWmZ (N.I.V.H.) {ñWV h¡- 61. ‘mZ{gH$ amoJm| go nr{‹S>V ~mbH$m| H$s ~r‘mar Ho$ H$maUm| H$m Aܶ¶Z
(1) {e‘bm ‘| (2) H$mobH$mVm ‘| {ZåZ ‘| go {H$ggo {H$¶m OmVm h¡?
(3) XohamXÿZ ‘| (4) {Xëbr ‘| (1) g‘mO{‘{V {d{Y Ûmam
(2) d¡¶{³VH$ B{Vhmg {d{Y Ûmam
52. ‘mZ{gH$ ê$n go {nN>‹S>o ~mbH$m| Ho$ {bE {ZåZ ‘| go H$m¡Zgr ì¶yh aMZm (3) {Z¶{ÝÌV {ZarjU {d{Y Ûmam
H$m¶© H$aoJr? (4) ‘Zmo{‘{V {d{Y¶m| Ûmam
(1) H$m¶m] H$mo ‘yV© ê$n go g‘PmZm
(2) {dÚm{W©¶m| H$mo bú¶ {ZYm©[aV H$aZo Ho$ {bE àmoËgm{hV H$aZm 62. ~mbH$ Ho$ ‘mZ{gH$ ñdmñ϶ Ho$ {dH$mg Ho$ {bE nmR²>¶H«$‘ hmoZm Mm{hE-
(3) ñd-Aܶ¶Z Ho$ Adga àXmZ H$aZm (1) A˶ÝV gab
(4) ghm¶Vm Ho$ {bE ~mha go g§gmYZm| H$mo àmßV H$aZm (2) A˶{YH$ ~mo{Pb
(3) j‘VmAm| Ho$ à{VHy$b
53. {dH$bm§J ~ÀMm| H$s g~go ‘hÎdnyU© g‘ñ¶m h¡- (4) é{M¶m| Ho$ AZwHy$b
(1) g‘m¶moOZ H$s (2) Hw$ê$nVm H$s
(3) ‘mZ{gH$ AgÝVwbZ H$s (4) emar[aH$ ݶyZVm H$s 63. ¶{X EH$ ~ÀMm 16 H$mo 61 {bIVm h¡ VWm 6 Am¡a D Ho$ ‘ܶ AÝVa
Zht H$a nmVm, Vmo ¶h h¡-
54. Yr‘r J{V go grIZo dmbo ~mbH$ H$s ~w{Õ bpãY hmoVr h¡- (1) ÑpîQ> Xmof (2) grIZo ‘| Aj‘
(1) 75 go 90 Ho$ ‘ܶ (3) ‘mZ{gH$ Xmof (4) ‘mZ{gH$ j¶
(2) 60 go 70 Ho$ ‘ܶ
(3) 100 go 110 Ho$ ‘ܶ 64. {dH$bm§Jm| H$mo gm‘mݶ {ejm ì¶dñWm ‘| {e{jV H$aZm Mm{hE, ³¶m|{H$-
(4) 40 go 60 Ho$ ‘ܶ (1) do ghmZw^y{V Ho$ nmÌ h¢&
(2) CÝh| gm‘mݶ OrdZ ‘| AnZo-AmnH$mo g‘m¶mo{OV H$aZm h¡&
55. {ejm nmZo ‘| nyU©V… A¶mo½¶ ~mbH$ H$s ~w{Õ bpãY hmoVr h¡- (3) CÝh| ^r {e{jV H$aZm Amdí¶H$ h¡&
(1) 75 go 90 Ho$ ‘ܶ (2) 50 go 70 Ho$ ‘ܶ (4) CZH$s emar[aH$ H$‘Omoar, ‘mZ{gH$ H$‘Omoar H$mo ~‹T>mVr h¡&
(3) 0 go 25 Ho$ ‘ܶ (4) 25 go 50 Ho$ ‘ܶ
65. ¶yZoñH$mo Zo {H$g df© H$mo {dH$bm§Jm| H$m AÝVam©îQ´>r¶ df© Kmo{fV {H$¶m?
56. AÝYo ~mbH$ n‹T> gH$Vo h¢- (1) 1992 (2) 1985
(1) ~«ob {b{n (2) gm‘mݶ {b{n (3) 1975 (4) 1982
(3) {hÝXr d gm‘mݶ {b{n (4) ¶o g^r
66. g‘mdoer {ejm Ho$ AÝVJ©V AmVo h¡§-
57. ‘mZ{gH$ ñdmñ϶ Am¡a A{YJ‘ go g’$bVm H$m ~hþV K{ZîR> gå~ÝY (1) A{YJ‘ Aj‘Vm dmbo ~mbH$
h¡& ¶h H$WZ h¡- (2) ldU Xmof dmbo ~mbH$
(1) Hw$ßnyñdm‘r H$m (2) ’¡«$ÊS>gZ H$m (3) ÑpîQ> Xmof dmbo ~mbH$
(3) pñH$Za H$m (4) S´>oda H$m (4) Cnamo³V g^r
49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59. 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66.
(1) (2) (3) (2) (1) (1) (3) (1) (2) (1) (1) (4) (2) (4) (2) (2) (4) (4)
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&

n¥îR> 234 {d{eîQ> ~mbH$ àJʶ

¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
67. emar[aH$ {dH$bm§JVm H$m H$maÊm Zhr§ h¡- 76. aob ‘§Ìmb¶ {d{dÜm àH$ma go {dH$bm§J ì¶p³V¶m| H$mo {H$am¶o ‘| Ny>Q>
(1) {MÝVm (2) OÝ‘monamÝV MmoQ> XoVm h¡-
(3) OÝ‘nyd© j{V (4) AmZwd§{eH$ H$maH$ (1) 15 go 75% (2) 25 go 50%
(3) 75 go 99% (4) 100%
68. emar[aH$ {dH$bm§JVm H$m H$maU h¡-
(1) ^mfm {^ÝZVm (2) {MÝVm 77. aob ‘§Ìmb¶ AÝYo ì¶p³V¶m| H$mo {H$am¶o ‘| Ny>Q> XoVm h¡-
(3) OÝ‘monamÝV j{V (4) nm[adm[aH$ g‘ñ¶m (1) 15 go 75% (2) 25 go 50%
(3) 75 go 99% (4) 100%
69. {dH$bm§J OZ A{Y{Z¶‘ ‘| Hw$b {H$VZo àH$ma H$s {dH$bm§JVm H$mo
{M[•V {H$¶m J¶m? 78. {díd {dH$bm§JVm {Xdg à{Vdf© ‘Zm¶m OmVm h¡-

www.praganya.org
(1) 5 (2) 7 (1) ‘mM© Ho àW‘ a{ddma H$mo
(3) 6 (4) 8 (2) ‘mM© Ho$ {ÛVr¶ a{ddma H$mo
(3) ‘mM© Ho$ V¥Vr¶ a{ddma H$mo
70. {dH$bm§J OZ A{Y{Z¶‘ H$~ nm[aV hþAm? (4) ‘mM© Ho$ MVwW© a{ddma H$mo
(1) 1990 (2) 1992
(3) 1995 (4) 1996 79. amîQ´>r¶ ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$bm§J g§ñWmZ pñWV h¡-
(1) ’¡$Om~mX ‘| (2) h¡Xam~mX ‘|
71. nmo{b¶moJ«ñV ~mbH$ H$mo emar[aH$ ê$n go {d{eîQ> ~mbH$m| H$s {H$g www.praganya.org (3) ‘wamXm~mX ‘| (4) hmoe§Jm~mX ‘|
loUr ‘| aIm Om gH$Vm h¡?
(1) gm§do{JH$ ê$n go {dH$bm§J (2) JVr¶ ê$n go {dH$bm§J 80. Am§{eH$ AÝYVm H$mo OÝ‘ XoVm/XoVo h¡/h¢-
(3) ~hþb {dH$bm§J (4) Aݶ (1) Yyb (2) Yyn
(3) YwAm± (4) ¶o g^r
72. OÝ‘OmV emar[aH$ {dH$bm§JVm H$m H$maH$ h¡-
(1) JwUgyÌm| H$m Agm‘mݶ g§¶moJ 81. amîQ´>r¶ An§J {dH$bm§J g§ñWmZ pñWV h¡-
(2) ^«yUmdñWm ‘| ‘m± Ho$ ímara na XdmAm| H$m Aga (1) XohamXÿZ (2) h¡Xam~mX
(3) ‘m± H$m AIDS go J«{gV hmoZm (3) ‘wå~B© (4) H$mobH$mVm
(4) Cnamo³V g^r
82. amîQ´>r¶ ldUhrZ {dH$bm§J g§ñWmZ pñWV h¡-
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73. H$m¡Zgr g§ñWm Mjw {dH$bm§Jmo| Ho$ {bE H$m¶© H$amZo dmbr ì¶p³VJV Am¡a (1) XohamXÿZ (2) h¡Xam~mX
gm‘m{OH$ g§ñWmAm| Ho$ {H«$¶mH$bmnm| H$mo g‘pÝdV H$aVr h¡? (3) ‘wå~B© (4) H$mobH$mVm
(1) ZoeZb Egmo{gEeZ ’$m°a X ãbmBÊS>
(2) ÑpîQ>hrZ {dH$bm§J g§ñWmZ
83. {dH$bm§J ì¶mdgm{¶H$ nwZdm©g Ho$ÝÐm| H$s g§»¶m h¢-
(1) 16 (2) 17
(3) amîQ´>r¶ ÑpîQ>hrZ {dH$bm§J g§ñWmZ
(3) 18 (4) 20
(4) H$moB© Zht
84. An§JVm H$m H$maH$ Zht h¡-
74. ar‹T> H$s hÈr ‘| {dH¥${V H¡$go {dê$nU H$m CXmhaU h¡?
(1) ~r‘mar (2) OÝ‘OmV A{Z¶{‘VVm
(1) ñZm¶w{dH$ {dê$nU
(3) ‘Zmoa§OZ (4) XþK©Q>Zm
(2) ~m¡{Ya {dê$nU
(3) Kmog {dê$nU 85. {dH$bm§{JH$ Ed§ Aj‘ ~mbH$m| Ho$ {bE e¡{jH$ àmdYmZ h¡-
(4) d§eJV {dê$nU (1) {deof H$jm (2) {deof AܶmnH$
(3) {deof nmR>²¶H«$‘ (4) Cnamo³V g^r
75. ^maVr¶ g§{dYmZ Ho$ H$m¡Zgo AZwÀN>oX {dH$bm§J ì¶p³V¶m| Ho$ H$ë¶mU
go gå~pÝYV h¡? 86. ldU j{V¶w³V ~mbH$m| H$mo {ejm Xr OmVr h¡-
(1) 46 d 42 (2) 41 d 46 (1) {M[•V ^mfm Ho$ Ûmam (2) g§Ho$V ^mfm Ho$ Ûmam
(3) 42 d 43 (4) 14 d 15 (3) 1 Am¡a 2 XmoZm| Ho$ Ûmam (4) BZ‘| go H$moB© Zht

67. 68. 69. 70. 71. 72. 73. 74. 75. 76. 77. 78. 79. 80. 81. 82. 83. 84. 85. 86.
(1) (3) (3) (3) (2) (4) (1) (1) (2) (1) (4) (3) (2) (4) (4) (3) (2) (3) (4) (3)
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
àJʶ {d[eîQ> ~mbH$ n¥îR> 235

87. ldU j{V¶w³V ~mbH$m| H$s {ejm {ZåZ ‘| go {H$gHo$ Ûmam Zht Xr 96. 100 ~mbH$m| ‘| go {H$VZo ~mbH$ hH$bmZo dmbo hmoVo h¢?
Om gH$Vr? (1) 6 go 10 (2) 11 go 15
(1) g§JrV ^mfm (2) {M• ^mfm (3) 16 go 20 (4) 21 go 25
(3) g§Ho$V ^mfm (4) AmoîR> nmR>Z
97. H$jm ‘| EH$ ~ÀMm AnZr An§JVm Ho$ H$maU {VañH¥$V H$a {X¶m OmVm
88. ldU j{V ¶w³V ~mbH$m| H$s e¡{jH$ gw{dÜmm h¡- h¡& AܶmnH$ H$mo Cgo n‹T>Zo hoVw A{^ào[aV H$aZo Ho$ {bE CgH$s H$m¡Zgr
(1) {d{S>¶mo Q>oßg (2) gwZZo H$s ‘erZ Amdí¶H$Vm H$s ny{V© H$aZr hmoJr?
(3) {’$ë‘ (4) Cnamo³V g^r (1) emar[aH$ Amdí¶H$Vm
(2) gwajm Amdí¶H$Vm
89. AÝYo ~mbH$ hmoVo h¢- (3) gå~ÝY Omo‹S>Zo H$s Amdí¶H$Vm
(1) ÑpîQ> E³¶yQ>r 20/200 hmoVr h¡& (4) gå‘mZ nmZo H$s Amdí¶H$Vm
(2) BZH$s Am±Io AmnaoeZ Ûmam R>rH$ hmo gH$Vr h¡&
(3) AnZr BpÝжm| na {Z^©a Z ahZo dmbo 98. ¶{X H$jm Ho$ Hw$N> N>mÌ H$‘Omoa ÑpîQ> Ho$ hmo, Vmo-
(4) BZ‘| go H$moB© Zht (1) CÝh| AmJo {~R>m¶m OmZm Mm{hE&
(2) CÝh| BbmO H$s gbmh XoZr Mm{hE&
90. ÑpîQ> gå~ÝYr Xmof ‘mZd Ho$ {H$g {dH$mg na à^md Zht S>mbVm h¡? (3) CZHo$ A[^^mdH$m| H$mo ~wbmH$a CZHo$ (N>mÌ) BbmO H$s gbmh XoZr
(1) emar[aH$ d ‘mZ{gH$ Mm{hE&
(2) e¡{jH$ d ì¶mdgm{¶H$ (4) CZH$s nadmh {H$E {~Zm AnZo H$m¶© na ܶmZ Ho$pÝÐV {H$¶m OmZm
(3) g§doJmË‘H$ ~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg
nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m Mm{hE&
(4) gm§ñH¥${VH$ h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ>
www.praganya.org 99. Q>‘©Z Ho$ AZwgma ‘mZ{gH$ ê$n go {dH$bm§J ~mbH$ H$hbmVo h¢-
91. ~o«b {b{n H$m à¶moJ {H$¶m OmVm h¡- na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF (1) 80 go H$‘ ~w{Õ bpãY dmbo
(1) AÝYo ~mbH$m| Ho$ {bE S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
(2) 90 go H$‘ ~w{Õ bpãY dmbo
(2) ldU Xmof ¶w³V ~mbH$m| Ho$ {bE (3) 50 go H$‘ ~w{Õ bpãY dmbo
(3) {dH$bm§J ~mbH$m| Ho$ {bE (4) 70 go H$‘ ~w{Õ bpãY dmbo
(4) BZ‘| go H$moB© Zht
100. {ZåZ ‘| H$m¡Zgo ¶w½‘ gw‘o{bV h¢?
92. emar[aH$ ê$n go Aj‘ ~mbH$ {ZåZ ‘| go {H$g àH$ma Ho$ Zht hmoVo?
(1) b§J‹S>o (2) bybo ¶m nmo{b¶mo J«ñV 1. gåàofU VH$ZrH$ - ldU j{V¶w³V ~mbH$m| H$s g~go
(3) O‹S> ~w{Õ dmbo (4) ¶o g^r ~‹S>r g‘ñ¶m
93. ~mobZo Ho$ Xmof go gå~{ÝYV Zht h¡- 2. ^mfm {M• - A‘o[aH$Z {M• ^mfm
(1) AmdmO H$s g‘ñ¶m (2) hH$bmZm d VwVbmZm 3. e¡j{UH$ n[aUm‘ - ldU j{V¶w³V Ho$ {bE dmUr H$s
(3) AewÕ CÀMmaU (4) VoO ~mobZo dmbo Amdí¶H$Vm Zht
94. ‘Zwî¶ H$s AmdmO H$m dU©Z {ZåZ ‘| go {H$gHo$ Ûmam {H$¶m Om gH$Vm 4. gm‘mݶ dJuH$aU - {M{H$ËgH$s¶ dJuH$aU
Hy$Q>-
h¡?
(1) 1 Am¡a 2
(1) ñVa, CÀMVm, JwU
(2) 2 Am¡a 3
(2) VoOr, D±$MmB©, ñVa
(3) 3 Am¡a 4
(3) b¶, Jå^raVm, gwarbmnZ
(4) 1 Am¡a 4
(4) BZ‘| go H$moB© Zht
101. ÑpîQ> Xmof¶w³V ~mbH$m| H$s nhMmZ {H$g AmYma na H$s OmVr h¡?
95. ~mbH$m| ‘| ^mfm Xmof d CÀMmaU H$s g‘ñ¶m H$mo {H$g Am¶w ‘| Jå^raVm
(1) ZoÌ-{M{H$ËgH$s¶ narjU (2) ñZoboQ> MmQ>©
go boH$a gwYmam Om gH$Vm h¡?
(3) {OJa MmQ>© (4) ¶o g^r
(1) ~më¶mdñWm ‘| (2) {H$emoamdñWm ‘|
(3) e¡edmdñWm ‘| (4) ¶wdmdñWm ‘|
87. 88. 89. 90. 91. 92. 93. 94. 95. 96. 97. 98. 99. 100. 101.
(1) (4) (1) (4) (1) (3) (4) (1) (3) (1) (3) (3) (4) (1) (4)
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&

n¥îR> 236 {d{eîQ> ~mbH$ àJʶ

¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
102. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgo ¶w½‘ gw‘o{bV h¢? 109. ZoÌhrZ VWm Am§{eH$ ZoÌhrZ ~mbH$m§o ‘| ³¶m AÝVa h¡?
(1) ZoÌhrZ ~mbH$m| H$mo AmgZr go hr àmapå^H$ AdñWm ‘| nhMmZm Om
1. ldU {dH$bm§JVm H$s ‘mÌm - ldU à{VeVVm H$m’$s gH$Vm h¡, O~{H$ Am§{eH$ ê$n go ÑpîQ>hrZ ~mbH$ H$s nhMmZ H${R>Z h¡&
~hþV hr H$‘ H$‘ hmoVr h¡& (2) Am§{eH$ Vm¡a na ÑpîQ>hrZ ~mbH$m| H$s ÑpîQ> Hw$N> gr‘m VH$ hmoVr h¡ ¶m
2. Am§{eH$ ldU {dH$bm§JVm - 60 go 70 S>ogr~b nyU©V¶m ÑpîQ>hrZ ~mbH$ nyar Vah ñne© VWm ldU gå~ÝYr A§Jm| na
{Z^©a H$aVm h¡&
3. A{YH$ ldU - 50 go 80 S>ogr~b
(3) 1 Am¡a 2 XmoZm|
4. nyU© - 91 S>ogr~b go A{YH$ (4) Cnamo³V ‘o§ go H$moB© Zht
Hy$Q>-
(1) 1 Am¡a 2 (2) 2 Am¡a 3 110. ZoÌhrZ ~mbH$m| Ho$ {bE {ejU {gÕmÝV h¡-

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~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg
(3) 3 Am¡a 4 (4) 1 Am¡a 4 (1) ñd-{H«$¶m H$m {gÕmÝV nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m
(2) A{V[a³V CÔrnZ H$m {gÕmÝV h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
103. ÑpîQ>hrZ ~mbH$m| Ho$ ì¶dhma ‘| {XImB© XoZo dmbm/dmbo bjU h¡/h¢- (3) ‘yV©Vm
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ>
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(1) {VaN>r ZOa (4) Cnamo³V g^r na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF
(2) MbVo g‘¶ dñVwAm| VWm ì¶p³V¶m| go Q>H$amZm S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&

(3) {ga XX© H$s {eH$m¶V 111. nyU© AÝYo ~mbH$m| H$s {ejm H$m g‘m¶moOZ {H$g AmYma na {H$¶m Om
(4) Cnamo³V g^r gH$Vm h¡?
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(1) ~«ob nÕ{V (2) {d{eîQ> nmR²>¶H«$‘
104. ÑpîQ>Xmof ~mbH$m| H$s g‘ñ¶m h¡- (3) {d{eîQ> Amdmgr¶ ñHy$b (4) ¶o g^r
(1) {ZåZ ÑpîQ>bpãY
(2) Yr‘m dmUr {dH$mg 112. {ZåZ ÑpîQ> dmbo ~mbH$m| H$s {ejm H$m g‘m¶moOZ {H$¶m OmVm h¡-
(3) gm¡ÝX¶m©Zw^y{V H$s H$‘r (1) {d{eîQ> {ejU gm‘J«r Ûmam
(4) ¶o g^r (2) gwZH$a XmohamZo H$o Aä¶mg Ûmam
(3) H$j AZwHy$bZ Ûmam
105. AÝYmnZ {Z¶ÝÌU Ho$ {bE amîQ´>r¶ H$m¶©H«$‘m| H$s ewê$AmV H$~ hþB©? (4) ¶o g^r
(1) 1976 (2) 1977
(3) 1990 (4) 1992 113. H¡$go N>mÌ ZoÌhrZ H$s loUr ‘| AmVo h¢?
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(1) Xþ~©b ¶m ZJʶ ÑpîQ> dmbo N>mÌ

106. ÑpîQ> Xþ~©bVm H$o H$maU h¢- (2) g~b ¶m ZJʶ ÑpîQ> dmbo N>mÌ
(1) OÝ‘ Ho$ nyd© Ho$ H$maU (3) gm‘mݶ Mí‘m bJmZo dmbo N>mÌ
(2) OÝ‘ Ho$ g‘¶ Ho$ H$maU (4) Mí‘m Zht bJmZo dmbo N>mÌ
(3) OÝ‘ Ho$ ~mX Ho$ H$maU
(4) Cnamo³V g^r 114. ÑpîQ> Xmof H$mo {H$g AW© ‘| à¶moJ ‘| bm¶m OmVm h¡?
(1) H$mZyZr AW© ‘| (2) e¡{jH$ AW© ‘|
107. ~hþV H$‘ ÑpîQ> dmbo ~mbH$m| H$mo {H$VZ ^mJm| ‘| {d^m{OV {H$¶m OmVm (3) 1 Am¡a 2 XmoZm| (4) BZ‘| go H$moB© Zht
h¡?
(1) 1 (2) 2 115. ~{YaVm ¶m ldUhrZVm H$s nhMmZ H$s OmVr h¡-
(3) 3 (4) 4 (1) H«$‘~Õ {ZarjU Ûmam (2) K‹S>r narjU Ûmam
(3) {dH$mgmË‘H$ n¡‘mZo Ûmam (4) Cnamo³V g^r
108. ~hþV H$‘ XoIZo dmbo ~mbH$m| H$s ³¶m nhMmZ h¡?
(1) 20/70 VWm 20/200 Ho$ ‘ܶ ÑpîQ> E³¶yQ>r dmbo ~mbH$ 116. ldU Xmof¶w³V ~mbH$m| H$s ³¶m g‘ñ¶m/g‘ñ¶mE± h¡/h¢?
(2) Eogo ~mbH$, Omo Jå^ra VWm ~‹T>Zo dmbr ÑpîQ> gå~ÝYr H${R>ZmB¶m| go (1) ^mfm gå~ÝYr g‘ñ¶mE±
J«ñV hmo& (2) ì¶p³VJV {dH$mg ‘| ~mYm
(3) ZoÌ gå~ÝYr amoJ, Omo ÑpîQ> VrúUVm H$mo à^m{dV H$aZo dmbo amoJm| go (3) Agm‘mݶ g§doJmË‘H$ ì¶dhma
nr{‹S>V hmo& (4) Cnamo³V g^r
(4) Cnamo³V g^r
102. 103. 104. 105. 106. 107. 108. 109. 110. 111. 112. 113. 114. 115. 116.
(4) (4) (4) (1) (4) (4) (4) (3) (3) (4) (4) (1) (3) (4) (4)
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
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àJʶ {d[eîQ> ~mbH$ n¥îR> 237

117. ldU {dH$bm§JVm H$m àH$ma h¢- (1) 1,2, Am¡a 3 (2) 2,3 Am¡a 4
(1) MmbH$s¶ ldU {dH$bm§JVm (2) gm§do{XH$ ldU {dH$bm§JVm (3) 1,3 Am¡a 4 (4) ¶o g^r
(3) {‘{lV ldU {dH$bm§JVm (4) Cnamo³V g^r
124. à‘pñVîH$ A§JmKmV hmoZo H$m/Ho$ ³¶m H$maU h¡/h¢?
118. ldU {dH$bm§JVm Ho$ {H$VZo àH$ma h¡? (1) OoZo{Q>H$ J‹S>~‹S>r
(1) 5 (2) 6 (2) H«$mo‘moOmo‘b Agm‘mݶVm
(3) 2o (4) 3 (3) ‘pñVîH$ H$mo a³V H$s XmofnyU© Amny{V©
(4) Cnamo³V g^r
119. gm§do{XH$ ldU {dH$bm§JVm H$m/Ho$ ³¶m H$maH$ h¡/h¢?
(1) e¡edmdñWm H$s AmZwd§{eH$ ~{YaVm 125. EH$ ì¶p³V {OgH$mo H$moB© Eogm emar[aH$ Xmof hmoVm h¡, Omo {Ho$gr ^r
(2) Ama. EM. An[anyU©Vm àH$ma go Cgo gm‘mݶ {H«$¶mAm| ‘| ^mJ boZo go amoH$Vm h¡ AWdm Cgo
(3) J^m©dñWm ‘| dm¶ab g§H«$‘UVm gr{‘V aIVm h¡, Cgo h‘ emar[aH$ ݶyZVmJ«ñV ¶m {dH$b§mJ ì¶p³V
(4) Cnamo³V g^r H$h gH$Vo h¢& ¶h H$WZ {H$gH$m h¡?
(1) H«$mo Ed§ H«$mo H$m (2) d¡boÝQ>mBZ H$m
120. A{YJ‘ Ag‘Wu ~mbH$m| H$s {d{eîQ> g‘ñ¶m/g‘ñ¶mE± H$m¡Zgr h¡/
(3) ñH$sZa H$m (4) {Z³gZ H$m
h¢?
(1) n‹T>Zo ‘| Ag‘W©Vm 126. NCERT Zoo {dH$bm§J {ejm Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘| ³¶m H$hm h¡?
(2) {bIZo ‘| Ag‘W©Vm (1) {dH$bm§JVm H$m VmËn¶© A§J {deof H$s H$m¶©j‘Vm na A§Hw$e h¡&
(3) gåàofU Am¡a AZwXoeZ H$mo g‘PZo H$s g‘ñ¶m (2) {dH$bm§JVm OÝ‘OmV hmo gH$Vr h¡&
(4) Cnamo³V g^r (3) 1 Am¡a 2 XmoZm|
(4) Cnamo³V ‘| go H$moB© Zht
121. A{YJ‘ Ag‘Wu ~mbH$m| H$s nhMmZ Ho$ {bE H$m¡Zgm narjU Cn¶w³V
Zht h¢? 127. Oo. EM. ~oH$a Zo {dH$bm§JVm Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘| ³¶m H$hm h¡?
(1) CnbpãY narjU (2) ê${M narjU (1) {dH$bm§J ì¶p³V¶m| ‘| {H$gr àH$ma H$s emar[aH$ {Z~©bVm hmo gH$Vr h¡&
(3) ¶mo½¶Vm narjU (4) ‘mZH$ {ZXmZmË‘H$ narjU (2) {dH$bm§JVm Ho$ H$maU ì¶p³V {H$gr H$m¶© H$mo ¶m Vmo nyam H$a gH$Vm h¡
¶m Zht&
122. {ZåZ{b{IV H$WZm| na {dMma H$s{OE- (3) 1 Am¡a 2 XmoZm|
1. ^maV ‘| {dH$b§mJ nwZdm©g n[afX² H$s ñWmnZm df© 1992 ‘| H$s JB©& (4) Cnamo³V ‘| go H$moB© Zht
2. {dH$bm§J bmoJm| Ho$ {bE g‘mZ Adga g‘mZ A{Y{Z¶‘, 1995 ‘|
Am¶m& 128. ³¶m ‘Zg‘ÝXVm, {dH$bm§JVm ‘| em{‘b hmo gH$Vr h¡?
3. gm‘m{OH$ ݶm¶ VWm A{YH$m[aVm ‘ÝÌmb¶ {dH$bm§Jm| go gå~pÝYV (1) hm±
Zr{V {Z¶‘ ~ZmVm h¡ VWm CÝh| bmJy H$aVm h¡& (2) Zht
4. {dH$bm§Jm| Ho$ {bE amîQ´>r¶ Zr{V H$s KmofUm df© 2006 ‘| H$s JB©& (3) 1 Am¡a 2 XmoZm|
Cnamo³V H$WZm| ‘| H$m¡Zgo H$WZ ghr h¢? (4) BZ‘| go H$moB© Zht
(1) 1,2 Am¡a 3 (2) 2,3 Am¡a 4
(3) 1,3 Am¡a 4 (4) ¶o g^r 129. {ZåZ{b{IV H$WZm| na {dMma H$s{OE-
1. g’$bVm àm{ßV ‘| {H$gr àH$ma H$s dm§{N>V H$‘r ~mbH$ Ho$ {dH$mg VWm
123. {ZåZ{b{IV H$WZmo§ na {dMma H$s{OE- n[an³dVm H$mo à^m{dV H$aVr h¡&
1. {ejH$m| H$mo A{YJ‘ Ag‘Wu ~mbH$m| Ho$ àíZm| Ho$ CÎma XoZo H$m à¶mg 2. Cnamo³V d{U©V {dH$mg VWm n[an³dVm H$s H$‘r {dH$bm§JVm H$hbmVr
H$aZm Mm{hE& h¡&
2. g‘ñ¶m Ho$ AmYma na nmR²>¶H«$‘ ‘| gwYma hmoZm Mm{hE& Cnamo³V H$WZm| ‘| H$m¡Zgm/go H$WZ ghr h¡/h¢?
3. {ejH$m| H$mo ~mbH$m| Ho$ gmW Am¡nMm[aH$ VWm AZm¡nMm[aH$ ~¡R>H|$ H$aZr (1) Ho$db 1
Mm{hE& (2) Ho$db 2
4. gd©àW‘ ~mbH$ H$mo grYo VWm gab H$m¶© H$aZo Mm{hE& (3) 1 Am¡a 2 XmoZm|
Cnamo³V H$WZm| ‘| H$m¡Zgo H$WZ ghr h¢? (4) Z Vmo 1 Am¡a Z hr 2

117. 118. 119. 120. 121. 122. 123. 124. 125. 126. 127. 128. 129.
(1) (1) (4) (4) (2) (4) (4) (4) (1) (3) (3) (1) (3)
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&

n¥îR> 238 {d{eîQ> ~mbH$ àJʶ

¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
130. ³bo‘oÊQ>> Zo df© 1966 ‘| A{YJ‘ Ag‘Wu ~mbH$m| H$s {H$VZr 136. {ZåZ{b{IV H$WZmo§ na {dMma H$s{OE-
{deofVmE± ~VmB© h¢? 1. ¶h EH$ gm‘m{OH$ AdYmaUm h¡ {H$ {dH$bm§J ~mbH$ Hw$N> ^r H$aZo ‘|
(1) 8 (2) 9 Ag‘W© h¡&
(3) 6 (4) 4 2. dñVwV… {dH$bm§J ~mbH$ Hw$N> joÌm| ‘| hr H$m¶© H$aZo ‘| Ag‘W© ahVm h¡&
Cnamo³V H$WZm| ‘| H$m¡Zgm/go H$WZ ghr h¡/h¢?
131. H$m¡Zgo ~mbH$m| H$mo eãX J«hU H$aZo d XoIZo ‘| ^r H${R>ZmB© hmoVr h¡& (1) Ho$db 1 (2) Ho$db 2
AWm©V² {~Zm ^mdm| Ho$ g‘PZo, ~mobH$a n‹T>Zo ‘| H${R>ZmB© H$m AZw^d (3) 1 Am¡a 2 XmoZm| (4) Z Vmo 1 Am¡a Z hr 2
H$aVo h¢?
(1) à{V^membr ~mbH$ (2) g‘ñ¶mË‘H$ ~mbH$ 137. A{YJ‘ Ag‘Wu ~mbH$m| Ho$ {bE H$m¡Zgm gwPmd Ag˶ h¡?
(1) gwboI ‘| gwYma

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(3) A{YJ‘ Ag‘Wu ~mbH$ (4) {nN>‹S>o ~mbH$
(2) A§H$J{UVr¶ ¶mo½¶Vm ‘| {dH$mg H$aZm
132. A{YJ‘ Ag‘Wu ~mbH$m| hoVw gwYmamË‘H$ à{d{Y h¡- (3) g§doXZmË‘H$ {dH$mg H$aZm
(1) A{^H¥${‘V AZwXoeZ H$m à¶moJ H$ao& (4) nmR²>¶H«$‘ gå~ÝYr gwPmd
(2) ~mbH$m| Ho$ A{YJ‘ hoVw {MÌm| H$m A{YH$ n«¶moJ H$ao&
(3) ~hþ-kmZopÝж CnmJ‘ H$mo AnZmZm Mm{hE& 138. df© 1998 ‘| {H$gZo AnZm boI A{YJ‘ Ag‘Wu ~mbH$m| H$mo {ejm
(4) Cnamo³V g^r Amì¶yh Ho$ {df¶ ‘| {bIm h¡? ~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15
(1) ³bo‘oÊQ> Zo {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo
gbmh Xr OmVr h¡ {H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s
133. {ZåZ{b{IV H$WZm| na {dMma H$s{OE- www.praganya.org
(2) {d{b¶‘ Am¡a hmCÝgob Zo PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ>
1. {dH$bm§J ~mbH$m| H$mo AnZo AdH$me H$o jUm| H$m gXþn¶moJ H$aZm Mm{hE& (3) hdrQ> VWm ’$moa{Zg Zo www.praganya.org
2. ³¶m|{H$ AnZr Hw$N> H${‘¶m| H$s dOh go do AnZo g‘¶ H$m go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
(4) H$mo{nO Zo
gXþn¶moJ Zht H$a nmVo h¢&
Cnamo³V H$WZmo§ ‘| H$m¡Zgm/go H$WZ ghr h¡/h¢? 139. {ZåZ{b{IV H$WZm| na {dMma H$s{OE-
(1) Ho$db 1 (2) Ho$db 2 1. gm‘mݶ {ejH$ H$mo BgH$s OmZH$mar hmoZr Mm{hE {H$ CgH$s H$jm ‘|
(3) 1 Am¡a 2 (4) Z Vmo 1 Am¡a Z hr 2 A{YJ‘ Ag‘Wu ~mbH h¢&
2. {ejH$ {deof H$s ghm¶Vm bo gH$Vm h¡&
134. {ZåZ{b{IV H$WZm| na {dMma H$s{OE- 3. ñHy$b ñVa na A{YJ‘ Ag‘Wu ~mbH$m| H$s H$m¶©j‘Vm H$m {dH$mg
1. ^maV ‘| H$ar~ 25 bmI ~mbH$ emar[aH$ VWm ‘mZ{gH$ ê$n go H$aZo VWm CÝh| AmË‘{Z^©a ~ZmZo H$s H$mo{ee hmoZr Mm{hE&
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{dH$bm§J h¢& 4. {ejH$ H$mo A{YJ‘ Ag‘Wu ~mbH$ Ho$ {bE AÀN>o gm‘mݶ ghnmR>r H$s
2. {dH$bm§Jm| H$mo g‘mO H$s ‘w»¶ Ymam go Omo‹S>Zo Ho$ {bE g‘w{MV {ejm ì¶dñWm H$aZr Mm{hE&
ì¶dñWm H$aZm A{Zdm¶© h¡& Cnamo³V H$WZm| ‘| H$m¡Zgo H$WZ ghr h¢?
Cnamo³V H$WZm| ‘| H$m¡Zgm/go H$WZ ghr h¡/h¢? (1) 1,2 Am¡a 3 (2) 2,3 Am¡a 4
(1) Ho$db 1 (3) 1,3 Am¡a 4 (4) ¶o g^r
(2) Ho$db 2
(3) 1 Am¡a 2 XmoZm| 140. A{YJ‘ VWm Ag‘Wu ~mbH$mo§ H$s ³¶m nhMmZ h¡?
(4) Z Vmo 1 Am¡a Z hr 2 (1) {ZarjU (2) ^mfm narjU
(3) CnbpãY (4) ¶o g^r
135. {ZåZ{b{IV H$WZm| na {dMma H$s{OE-
1. {dH$bm§J ~mbH$m| H$mo ì¶mdgm{¶H$ {ejU à{ejU VWm Or{dH$monmO©Z 141. à‘pñVîH$s¶ njmKmV Ho$ {H$VZo àH$ma hmoVo h¢?
H$s ì¶dñWm H$aZm A{Zdm¶© h¡& (1) 1 (2) 2
2. {dH$bm§J ~mbH$m| Ho$ {bE gm‘mݶ {ejm H$o gmW hr {deof {ejm H$s (3) 3 (4) 4
ì¶dñWm H$s OmZr Mm{hE&
142. à‘pñVîH$r¶ njmKmV H$m/Ho$ àH$ma h¡/h¢-
Cnamo³V H$WZm| ‘| H$m¡Zgm/go H$WZ ghr h¡/h¢?
(1) ‘pñVîH$ ñVå^ (2) E{WQ>mo{gg
(1) Ho$db 1 (2) Ho$db 2
(3) gQ>m{g¶m (4) ¶o g^r
(3) 1 Am¡a 2 (4) Z Vmo 1 Am¡a Z hr 2

130. 131. 132. 133. 134. 135. 136. 137. 138. 139. 140. 141. 142.
(2) (3) (4) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (2) (4) (4) (3) (4)
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
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àJʶ {d[eîQ> ~mbH$ n¥îR> 239

143. A{YJ‘ ~mbH$m| H$s$Ag‘W©VmAm| H$m ³¶m H$maÊm h¢? 150. {dkmZ Ed§ H$bm àXe©{Z¶m±, g§JrV Ed§ Z¥Ë¶ àñVw{V¶m± VWm {dÚmb¶-
(1) XmofnyU© ‘pñVîH$s¶ H$m¶©àUmbr n{ÌH$m {ZH$mbZm, ........... Ho$ {bE h¡&
(2) AÕ©-gm‘mݶ emar[aH$ {dH$mg (1) {ejm{W©¶m| H$mo g¥OZmË‘H$ ‘mJ© CnbãY H$amZo
(3) 1 Am¡a 2 XmoZm| (2) {d{^ÝZ ì¶dgm¶m| Ho$ {bE {dÚm{W©¶m| H$mo à{e{jV H$aZo
(4) Cnamo³V ‘| go H$moB© Zht (3) {dÚmb¶ H$m Zm‘ amoeZ H$aZo
(4) A{^^mdH$m| H$mo gÝVwîQ> H$aZo
144. A{YJ‘ Agw{dYm ¶w³V ~mbH$ {H$VZo àH$ma Ho$ hmoVo h¢?
(1) 2 (2) 3 151. {ejH$m| H$mo AnZo {dÚm[W©¶m| H$s Ìw{Q>¶m| H$m Aܶ¶Z H$aZm Mm{hE,
(3) 4 (4) 5 ³¶m|{H$ do àm¶… ............ H$s Amoa g§Ho$V H$aVr h¡&
(1) ¶mo½¶VmAm| Ho$ AZwgma g‘yh ~ZmZo hoVw {Xem-{ZX}e
145. d§{MV ~mbH$m| H$s {ejm H$mo {ZåZ ‘| go {H$g à¶mg Ûmam Zht ~‹T>m¶m (2) {^ÝZ àH$ma H$s nmR²>¶M¶m© H$s Amdí¶H$Vm
Om gH$Vm h¡? (3) CZHo$ kmZ H$s gr‘m
(1) g¥OZerbVm H$mo àmoËgm{hV H$aHo$ (4) Amdí¶H$ CnMmamË‘H$ ¶wp³V¶m|
(2) {ejm Ho$ A{YH$ma Ûmam
(3) Om{VJVVm H$mo ˶mJ H$a 152. à{V^membr {dÚmWu AnZr j‘VmAm| H$mo V~ {dH${gV H$a nmE±Jo,
(4) npãbH$ ñHy$bm| ‘| Xm{Ibm {XbmH$a O~-
(1) ~ma-~ma CZH$s narjm hmoJr&
146. à{V^membr {ejmWu (H$mo)-
(2) do Aݶ {dÚm{W©¶m| Ho$ gmW A{YJ‘-à{H«$¶m go Ow‹S>Vo h¢&
(1) A{YJ‘-{Z¶m}½¶ Zht H$h gH$Vo&
(3) CÝho§ Aݶ {dÚm{W©¶m| go AbJ {H$¶m OmEJm&
(2) Eogo gh¶moJ H$s Amdí¶H$Vm hmoVr h¡, Omo gm‘mݶV… {dÚmb¶m| Ûmam
(4) do {ZOr H$moqMJ H$jmAm| ‘| n‹T>|Jo&
CnbãY Zht H$amE OmVo&
(3) {ejH$ Ho$ {~Zm AnZo Amn H$mo ì¶dpñWV H$a boVo h¢& 153. AmnH$mo AnZr H$jm ‘| Xmo ‘ÝX-~w{Õ ~ÀMm| H$mo ~¡R>mZo Ho$ {bE ~mobm
(4) Aݶ {ejm[W©¶m| Ho$ {bE AÀN>o ‘m°S>b ~Z gH$Vo h¢& J¶m h¡& Amn-
(1) CÝh| AnZo {dÚmWu Ho$ ê$n ‘| J«hU H$aZo go BÝH$ma H$a|Jo&
147. à{V^membr ~ÀMm| Ho$ gÝX^© ‘| g§dÕ©Z H$m AW© h¡-
(2) àYmZmܶmnH$ go CÝh| {H$gr Am¡a H$jm ‘| Omo{H$ ‘ÝX-~w{Õ ~mbH$m| Ho$
(1) e¡j{UH$ J{V{d{Y¶m| Ho$ gånmXZ ‘| g§dÕ©Z H$aZm
{bE {deof ê$n go {M[•V h¡, ‘| ~¡R>mZo Ho$ {bE ~mob|Jo
(2) gh-e¡j{UH$ J{V[d{Y¶m| Ho$ gånmXZ H$s J{V H$mo ~‹T>mZm
(3) Eogo {dÚm{W©¶m| H$mo {gImZo H$s VH$ZrH$ grI|Jo&
(3) Eogo {dÚm{W©¶m| H$mo dV‘m©Z ñVa/J«oS> H$mo N>mo‹S>H$a AJbo CÀM ñVa/J«oS>
(4) Cnamo³V ‘| go H$moB© Zht
‘| àmoÝZV H$aZm
(4) AmH$bZ H$s à{H«$¶m H$m g§dÕ©Z H$aZm 154. OÝ‘OmV ¶mo½¶VmAm| H$s VwbZm ‘| H$‘ e¡{jH$ CnbpãY hmoVr h¡-
(1) à{V^membr ~mbH$ H$s
148. à{V^membr {dÚm{W©¶m| Ho$ {bE {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgr J{V{d{Y
(2) hmW-n¡a go {dH$bm§J ~mbH$ H$s
gdm©{YH$ Cn¶w³V h¡? (3) {nN>‹S>o ~mbH$ H$s
(1) nm±M nmR>m| Ho$ AÝV ‘| {XE JE Aä¶mgm| H$mo EH$ ~ma ‘| hb H$aZm
(4) Cnamo³V g^r H$s
(2) {ejH$ {Xdg na H$jm H$mo n‹T>mZm
(3) A^r hmb hr ‘o§ hþE ñHy$b ‘¡M H$m à{VdoXZ {bIZm 155. AnZr XoI^mb Ho$ à{ejU H$s Amdí¶H$Vm {H$g ~mbH$ H$mo hmoVr h¡?
(4) Xr JB© g§H$ënZmAm| Ho$ AmYma na ‘m¡{bH$ ZmQ>H$ {bIZm (1) à{V^membr ~mbH$ H$mo ~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg
(2) ‘ÝX-~w{Õ ~mbH$ H$mo nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m
149. à{V^membr ~ÀMo- h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
(3) {nN>‹S>m ~mbH$ H$mo àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ>
(1) gm‘mݶV… emar[aH$ ê$n go H$‘Omoa hmoVo h¢ Am¡a gm‘m{OH$ AÝV…{H«$¶m www.praganya.org
(4) BZ‘| go H$moB© Zht na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF
‘| AÀN>o Zht hmoVo&
S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
(2) gm‘mݶV… AnZo {ejH$m| H$mo ngÝX Zht H$aVo& 156. S´>½g boZo dmbo ~mbH$m| H$s nhMmZ h¡-
(3) {~Zm {H$gr H$s ghm¶Vm Ho$ AnZo gm‘϶© H$m nyU© {dH$mg H$aVo h¢& (1) EH$mÝV ‘| ahZm (2) H$Îm©ì¶ {d‘wIVm
(4) ‘mZd Ho$ {bE ‘hÎdnyU© {H$gr ^r joÌ ‘| ñd^mdV… AÀN>m {ZînmXZ (3) gwñV ahZm (4) ¶o g^r
H$aVo h¢&

143. 144. 145. 146. 147. 148. 149. 150. 151. 152. 153. 154. 155. 156.
(3) (2) (4) (2) (3) (4) (4) (1) (4) (2) (3) (3) (2) (3)
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&

n¥îR> 240 {d{eîQ> ~mbH$ àJʶ

¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
157. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgm H$WZ g˶ h¡? 166. ~mbH$m| Ho$ g‘ñ¶mË‘H$ ì¶dhma H$m H$maU Zht h¡-
(1) ì¶p³V ‘mZ{gH$ ÑpîQ> go ^r {^ÝZ hmo gH$Vo h¢& (1) {ZY©ZVm (2) A˶{YH$ bm‹S>-߶ma
(2) grIZo H$m AmYma n[an³dVm Zht h¡& (3) ‘Zmoa§OZ H$s gw{dYm (4) AZ¡{VH$ ì¶dhma
(3) b‹S>Ho$ VWm b‹S>{H$¶m| H$s ê${M¶m± Ed§ ¶mo½¶VmE± EH$ O¡gr hmoVr h¢&
(4) Cnamo³V ‘| go H$moB© Zht 167. ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg H$m n[aUm‘ hmoVm h¡-
(1) ~mbH$ H$s ¶mX H$aZo H$s ¶mo½¶Vm ‘| d¥{Õ
158. g‘m¶moOZ gå~ÝYr g‘ñ¶m {H$gHo$ gmW gdm©{YH$ hmoVr h¡? (2) ~mbH$ H$s gm‘m{OH$Vm ‘| {dH$mg
(1) à{V^membr ~mbH$ (3) ~mbH$ Ho$ Ûmam ñdmZw^dm| Ûmam bm^ àm{ßV H$s ¶mo½¶Vm
(2) d§{MV ~mbH$ (4) CgH$s gm‘mݶ ¶mo½¶VmAm| ‘| d¥{Õ
(3) ‘mZ{gH$ ê$n go {nN>‹S>o ~mbH$

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(4) Cnamo³V ‘| go H$moB© Zht 168. H$jm ‘| n‹T>mB© ‘| {nN>‹S>o hþE N>mÌm| Ho$ à{V AmnH$m ÑpîQ>H$moU hmoJm-
(1) CZHo$ {nN>‹S>onZ Ho$ H$maUm| H$mo Ty>±‹T>Z| ‘|
159. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgr ‘ÝX-~w{Õ ~mbH$ H$s {deofVm Zht h¡? (2) g^r H$m R>oH$m h‘Zo Wmo‹S>o {b¶m h¡, ¶h gmoMH$a CZ na ܶmZ Zht X|Jo&
(1) Xÿgam| H$mo {‘Ì ~ZmZo H$s A{YH$ BÀN>m (3) Aݶ N>mÌm| Ho$ g‘mZ hr CÝh| g‘P|Jo&
(2) ‘mZ{gH$ à{H«$¶m H$s Vrd«Vm (4) CÝh| Aݶ N>mÌm| go AbJ g‘P|Jo&
(3) gm‘m{OH$ Ag‘m¶moOZ
(4) {dÚmb¶ ‘| Ag’$bVmAm| Ho$ H$maU {Zamem 169. EH$ ~mbH$ H$s ~w{Õ bpãY 150 h¡, Vmo dh ~mbH$ h¡-
www.praganya.org (1) A{V à{V^membr (2) {nN>‹S>m ~mbH$
160. {ZåZ ‘| go {nN>‹S>o ~mbH$ H$s g‘ñ¶m h¡- (3) ‘ÝX-~w{Õ ~mbH$ (4) AgÝVw{bV ~mbH$
(1) ñHy$b gå~ÝYr g‘ñ¶mE± (2) g§doJmË‘H$ g‘ñ¶mE±
(3) gm‘m{OH$ g‘ñ¶mE± (4) BZ‘| go g^r 170. ~mbH$m| Ho$ g‘ñ¶mË‘H$ ì¶dhma Ho$ CnMma hoVw {d{Y h¡-
(1) {dÚmb¶ CnMma {d{Y (2) n[adma CnMma {d{Y
161. à{V^mdmZ ~mbH$m| H$s nhMmZ {H$g àH$ma H$s Om gH$Vr h¡? (3) gaH$ma CnMma {d{Y (4) Cn¶w©³V g^r
(1) ~w{Õ narjm Ûmam (2) A{^ê${M narjU Ûmam
(3) CnbpãY narjU Ûmam (4) BZ‘| go g^r 171. ‘ZñVmnr ~mbH$ {H$VZo àH$ma Ho$ hmoVo h¢?
(1) 4 (2) 6
162. {nN>‹S>m ~mbH$ dh h¡, Omo AnZo Aܶ¶Z Ho$ ‘ܶH$mb ‘| AnZo H$jm (3) 3 (4) 5$
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H$m¶© Omo AnZr Am¶w Ho$ AZwgma EH$ H$jm ZrMo H$m h¡, H$aZo ‘| Ag‘W©
172. {dH$mg H$s AdñWmAm| H$s ÑpîQ> go g‘ñ¶mË‘H$ ~mbH$m| H$mo {H$VZo
ahVm h¡& C³V H$WZ h¡-
(1) H«$mo Ed§> H«$mo H$m (2) ~Q>© H$m àH$mam| ‘| ~m±Q>m Om gH$Vm h¡?
(3) {ñH$Za H$m (4) ‘ZmoO ~Kobm H$m (1) 3 (2) 5
(3) 2 (4) 4
163. g¥OZmË‘H$ ¶mo½¶Vm dmbo ~mbH$m| H$s ~w{Õ-
(1) {ZåZ hmoVr h¡& (2) àIa hmoVr h¡& 173. {ZåZ ‘| go {nN>‹S>o ~mbH$m| H$s {ejm Ho$ ñdê$n ‘| H$m¡Zgr ~mV| g{å‘{bV
(3) Z {ZåZ Am¡a Z hr àIa (4) Cn¶w©³V ‘| go H$moB© Zht H$s OmZr Mm{hE?
(1) {deof {ejU {d{Y¶m| H$m à¶moJ
164. {dÚmb¶m| ‘| Vrd« Ed§ ‘ÝX-~w{Õ ~mbH$m| Ho$ {bE {ZåZ ‘| go e¡j{UH$ (2) {dÚmb¶ ‘| {d{eîQ> H$jmAm| H$s ì¶dñWm
ì¶dñWm hmoZr Mm{hE- (3) {deof nmR²>¶H«$‘ H$s ì¶dñWm
(1) Adga H$s g‘mZVm (2) nmR²>¶H«$‘ ‘| g‘¥{Õ (4) Cn¶w©³V g^r
(3) Ah‘ݶVm H$mo amoH$Zm (4) BZ‘| go g^r
174. Hw$emJ« ~w{Õ AWdm à{V^membr ~mbH$ dh h¡, Omo {ZaÝVa {H$gr ^r
165. ‘m¡{bH$Vm H$m JwU nm¶m OmVm h¡- C{MV H$m¶©-joÌ ‘| AnZr AX²^wV H$m¶©-Hw$ebVm VWm àdrUVm H$m
(1) à{V^membr ~mbH$m| ‘| n[aM¶ XoVm h¡& ¶h H$WZ {H$gH$m h¡?
(2) g¥OZerb ~mbH$m§o ‘| (1) h¡qdJhñQ>© H$m (2) H$mobo{ñZH$ H$m
(3) YZr n[adma Ho$ ~mbH$m| ‘| (3) {dQ>r H$m (4) AmoS>Z H$m
(4) {e{jV ‘mVm-{nVm Ho$ ~mbH$m| ‘|
157. 158. 159. 160. 161. 162. 163. 164. 165. 166. 167. 168. 169. 170. 171. 172. 173. 174.
(1) (3) (2) (4) (4) (2) (3) (4) (2) (3) (3) (1) (1) (1) (1) (2) (4) (1)
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
àJʶ {d[eîQ> ~mbH$ n¥îR> 241

175. ‘ÝX-~w{Õ ~mbH$m| H$s {deofVm Zht h¢- 184. ZE Ed§ A‘yë¶ {dMmam| H$m à{VnmXZ H$aZo H$s j‘Vm H$mo ³¶m H$hVo
(1) grIZo H$s ‘ÝX J{V (2) A‘yV© {MÝVZ H$m A^md h¢?
(3) emar[aH$ Xmof (4) ‘m¡{bH$Vm (1) AÝVÑ©pîQ> (2) ~w{Õ‘Vm
(3) g¥OZmË‘H$Vm (4) ¶o g^r
176. à{V^membr ~mbH$m| H$s g‘ñ¶m/g‘ñ¶mE± h¡/h¢-
(1) {Jamohm| ‘| em{‘b hmoZm 185. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go g¥OZmË‘H$Vm H$m A{V Amdí¶H$ ^mJ H$m¡Zgm h¡?
(2) AܶmnZ {d[Y¶m± (1) g§doXZm (2) {MÝVZ
(3) ñHy$b {df¶m| Am¡a ì¶dgm¶m| Ho$ M¶Z H$s g‘ñ¶m (3) Vm{H©$H$Vm (4) H$ënZm
(4) Cn¶w©³V g^r
186. do ~mbH$ Omo à˶oH$ joÌ ‘| Am¡gV ~mbH$ go A{YH$ Vrd«, ~w{Õ‘mZ,
177. ‘mZ{gH$ ê$n go {nN>‹S>o ~mbH$m| H$s {deofVm hmoVr h¢- emar[aH$ ñ’y${V© dmbo Ed§ OrdZ ‘| A{YH$ g’$bVm nmZo dmbo hmoVo h¢,
(1) g§doJmË‘H$ ê$n go A{ñWa H$hbmVo h¢-
(2) gr{‘V é{M¶m± (1) {nN>‹S>o ~mbH$
(3) {ZaÝVa Aì¶dñWm H$m hmoZm (2) à{V^membr ~mbH$
(4) Cn¶w©³V g^r (3) {dH$bm§J ~mbH$
(4) g‘ñ¶mË‘H$ ~mbH$
178. à{V^membr ~mbH$m| H$s {ejU {d{Y h¡-
(1) J{VdÕ©Z (2) gånÝZrH$aU 187. à{V^membr ~mbH$m§o Ho$ {bE {ejm H$m g’$b Ed§ Cn¶moJr H$m¶©H«$‘
(3) {d{eîQ> H$jmE± (4) BZ‘| go g^r dh hmo gH$Vm h¡, {OgH$m CÔoí¶ CZH$s {d{^ÝZ ¶mo½¶VmAm| H$m
179. {nN>‹S>o ~mbH$m| H$mo {ejm Ho$ joÌ ‘| AJ«Ur H$aZo Ho$ {bE ³¶m H$aZm {dH$mg H$aZm hmo& ¶h H$WZ h¡-
Mm{hE? (1) h¡{dJ§hñQ>© H$m (2) {ñH$Za H$m
(1) {nN>‹S>onZ Ho$ H$maUm| H$s ImoO H$aZm (3) H«$mo Ed§ H«$mo H$m (4) {g[ab ~Q>© H$m
(2) ì¶p³VJV ܶmZ 188. {nN>‹S>o ~mbH$ AnZr Am¶w Ho$ Aݶ N>mÌm| H$s VwbZm ‘| {deof e¡{jH$
(3) nmR²>¶mÝVa {H«$¶mAm| H$s ì¶dñWm
{ZåZVm 춳V H$aVo h¢& ¶h {H$gZo H$hm h¡?
(4) Cn¶w©³V g^r
(1) ñH$moZob Ed§ ñH$moZob Zo
180. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘§o g‘ñ¶mË‘H$ ~mbH$ H$m¡Z h¡? (2) nr. S>r. nmR>H$ Zo
(1) {nN>‹S>o ~mbH$ (2) ‘ÝX-~w{Õ ~mbH$ (3) {g[ab ~Q>© Zo
(3) à{V^membr ~mbH$ (4) Mmoar H$aZo dmbo ~mbH$ (4) Cn¶w©³V ‘| go {H$gr Zo Zht

181. {ZåZ ‘o§ go H$m¡Zgr {deofVm {nN>‹S>o ~mbH$ H$s h¡? 189. g‘ñ¶mË‘H$ ~mbH$ eãX H$m à¶moJ gmYmaUV¶m CZ ~mbH$m| Ho$ dU©Z
(1) emar[aH$ ê$n go A¶mo½¶ hoVw {H$¶m OmVm h¡, {OZH$m ì¶dhma AWdm ì¶p³VËd {H$gr ~mV ‘|
(2) A{YJ‘ H$s j‘Vm H$‘ hmoVr h¡& Jå^ra ê$n go Agm‘mݶ hmoVm h¡& ¶h H$WZ h¡-
(3) gm‘m{OH$ ì¶dhma ‘| Hw$eb Zht hmoVo& (1) {H$Ýg H$m (2) h¡ÊS>agZ H$m
(4) Cn¶w©³V VrZmo§ {deofVmE± (3) d¡boÝQ>mBZ H$m (4) ê$S>g© H$m

182. ~mb AnamY CnMma H$s ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ {d{Y Zht h¡- 190. do N>mÌ, Omo AnZr ~w{Õ VWm H$ënZm go ZdrZ dñVw H$m g¥OZ ¶m
(1) ‘Zmo{díbofU {Z‘m©U H$aVo h¢, Eogo N>mÌ H$hbmVo h¢-
(2) ‘Zmo A{^Z¶ (1) à{V^membr N>mÌ (2) AgmYmaU N>mÌ
(3) Iob Ûmam {M{H$Ëgm (3) g¥OZmË‘H$ N>mÌ (4) AnamYr N>mÌ
(4) àdrjU
191. ‘ÝX-~w{Õ ~mbH$ H$s ~w{Õ-bpãY hmoVr h¡-
183. ‘mZ{gH$ ÑpîQ> go {nN>‹S>o ~ÀMo Am‘Vm¡a go A{YH$- (1) 130 go A{YH$ (2) 130 go H$‘
(1) g§doXZerb hmoVo h¢& (2) {ZîR>mdmZ hmoVo h¢& (3) 60 go A{YH$ (4) 70 go H$‘
(3) ep³Vembr hmoVo h¢& (4) AZwemgZhrZ hmoVo h¢

175. 176. 177. 178. 179. 180. 181. 182. 183. 184. 185. 186. 187. 188. 189. 190. 191.
(4) (4) (4) (4) (4) (4) (4) (4) (4) (3) (4) (2) (1) (1) (3) (3) (4)
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&

n¥îR> 242 {d{eîQ> ~mbH$ àJʶ

¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
192. à{V^membr ~mbH$ H$s {deofVm hmoVr h¡- 202. {d{eîQ> à[V^mgånÝZ ì¶p³V jrUH$m¶ hmoVo h¢, CZ‘| AmË‘mZw^y{V
(1) EH$ go A{YH$ {df¶m| ‘| H$‘Omoa hmoZm H$s àd¥{Îm hmoVr h¡& ¶h {H$gH$m A{^‘V h¡?
(2) A˶{YH$ CÎmo{OV hmoZm (1) H«o$í‘a H$m (2) {~e H$m
(3) A‘yV© {MÝVZ H$s A{YH$Vm hmoZm (3) ë¶y{gQ>mo H$m (4) nm¶Zo H$m
(4) Cn¶w©³V ‘| go H$moB© Zht
203. ‘mZ{gH$ ê$n go {Zê$Õ ~mbH$ {H$VZo àH$ma Ho$ hmoVo h¢?
193. Omo ~mbH$ Agm‘m{OH$ H$m¶© H$aVo h¢, Eogo ~mbH$m| H$s loUr h¡- (1) 3 (2) 4
(1) à{V^membr ~mbH$ (2) AnamYr ~mbH$ (3) 5 (4) 6
(3) gm‘mݶ ~mbH$ (4) ‘ÝX-~w{Õ ~mbH$
204. {OZ ~mbH$m| H$s ~w{Õ bpãY 70 go H$‘ hmoVr h¡, CÝh| ‘ÝX-~w{Õ

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194. dh ~mbH$ {nN>‹S>m ~mbH$ H$hbmVm h¡, Omo AnZo {dÚmb¶ H$m¶© ‘| ~mbH$ H$hVo h¢& ¶h H$WZ h¡-
AnZr H$jm go {ZMbr H$jm H$m ^r H$m¶© H$aZo ‘| gj‘ Zht h¡& ¶h (1) {ñH$Za H$m (2) H«$mo d H«$mo H$m
n[a^mfm h¡- (3) b¡‘Q© H$m (4) ’¡«$ÊS>gZ H$m
(1) H«$mo Ed§ H«$mo H$s (2) {~Q²>Q>r H$s
(3) ~Q>© H$s (4) ’«$m¶S> H$s 205. ‘mZ{gH$ ê$n go {nN>‹S>o ~mbH$m| H$s {deofVm Zht h¡-
(1) e¡{jH$ CnbpãY gm‘mݶ ~mbH$ go H$‘
195. 85 I.Q. (~w{Õ bpãY) dmbo ~mbH$ H$mo H$hVo h¢- (2) {nN>‹S>onZ H$m H$maU d§emZwJV
(1) à{V^mdmZ ~mbH$ (2) {nN>‹S>m ~mbH$ www.praganya.org
(3) {nN>‹S>onZ H$m H$maU dmVmdaU
(3) ~w{Õ‘mZ ~mbH$ (4) AnamYr ~mbH$ (4) {ZX}e XoZm g‘ñ¶m Zht

196. O‹S> ~w{Õ (Idiot) ~mbH$m| H$s ~w{Õ-bpãY hmoVr h¡- 206. ‘ÝX-~w{Õ ~ÀMm| H$s {ejm Ho$ {bE OÝ‘OmV ímp³V¶m| H$m {dH$mg
(1) 25 (2) 25-50 Ed§ ñdñW AmXVm| H$m {Z‘m©U H$aZm Mm{hE& ¶h {H$gH$m H$WZ h¡?
(3) 50-75 (4) 75-100 (1) {ñH$Za H$m (2) H«$mo d H«$mo H$m
(3) b¡‘Q>© H$m (4) ’«¡$ÊS>gZ H$m
197. ‘Zmogm‘m{OH$ ê$n go {^ÝZ ~mbH$m| Ho$ AÝVJ©V AmVo h¢-
(1) à{V^mdmZ ~mbH$ (2) g‘ñ¶mË‘H$ ~mbH$ 207. e¡{jH$ {nN>‹S>onZ H$m H$maH$ Zht h¡-
(3) ^mfm {dH$bm§J ~mbH$ (4) g¥OZmË‘H$ ~mbH$ (1) e¡{jH$ VËnaVm H$s H$‘r
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(2) emar[aH$ VWm BpÝжm| gå~ÝYr ¶mo½¶Vm

198. ‘Zmogm‘m{OH$ ê$n go {^ÝZ ~mbH$m| Ho$ AÝVJ©V Zht AmVo h¢- (3) amOZr{VH$ A{ñWaVm
(1) g‘ñ¶mË‘H$ ~mbH$ (2) AnamÜmr ~mbH$ (4) BZ‘| go H$moB© Zht
(3) ‘mZ{gH$ ê$n go {nN>‹S>o ~mbH$ (4) g§doJmË‘H$ ê$n go AemÝV
208. e¡{jH$ ê$n go {nN>‹S>o ~mbH$ H$m AW© hmoVm h¡-
199. ~m¡{ÕH$ ê$n go {^ÝZ ~mbH$ Zht h¡- (1) n‹T>mB© ‘| {nN>‹S>m ~mbH$
(1) e¡{jH$ ê$n go {nN>‹S>m (2) g¥OZmË‘H$ (2) Ka d g‘mO ‘§o {nN>‹S>m ~mbH$
(3) à{V^mdmZ (4) d§{MV ~mbH$ (3) ‘mZ{gH$ ê$n go {nN>‹S>m ~mbH$
(4) BZ‘| go H$moB© Zht
200. 110 go A{YH$ AmB©. ³¶y. (I.Q.) dmbo ~mbH$ h¢-
(1) ‘mZ{gH$ ê$n go {nN>‹S>o (2) gm‘mݶ 209. {nN>‹S>o ~mbH$ {H$VZo àH$ma Ho$ hmoVo h¢?
(3) à{V^membr (4) g‘ñ¶mË‘H$ (1) 3 (2) 4
(3) 5 (4) 6
201. {VañH¥$V ~mbH$ H$s g‘ñ¶m H$m ³¶m H$maH$ hmo gH$Vm h¡? ~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$
(1) n[adma H$m {ZåZ Am{W©H$ ñVa 210. {nN>‹S>onZ H$m àH$ma h¡- 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm
(2) ~mbH$ ‘| PyR> ~mobZo H$s AmXV (1) emar[aH$ h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡ {H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV
(3) ~mbH$ H$o Ûmam H$mZyZ H$s AdohbZm (2) ‘mZ{gH$ g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ>
(4) ‘mVm-{nVm H$s Amngr b‹S>mB© (3) g§doJmË‘H$ www.praganya.org
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(4) Cnamo³V g^r
192. 193. 194. 195. 196. 197. 198. 199. 200. 201. 202. 203. 204. 205. 206. 207. 208. 209. 210.
(3) (2) (3) (2) (1) (2) (3) (4) (3) (4) (1) (2) (2) (4) (4) (3) (1) (3) (4)
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
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àJʶ {d[eîQ> ~mbH$ n¥îR> 243

211. à{V^mdmZ eãX H$m à¶moJ CZ 1 à{VeV ~mbH$m| Ho$ {bE {H$¶m OmVm 222. g¥OZmË‘H$Vm Ho$ {H$VZo VÎd hmoVo h¢?
h¡, Omo g~go A{YH$ ~w{Õ‘mZ hmoVo h¢& ¶h {H$gH$m H$WZ h¡? (1) 2 (2) 3
(1) {ñH$Za d h¡ar‘¡Z H$m (2) Q>‘©Z d Am¡S>Z H$m (3) 4 (4) 5
(3) H«$mo d H«$mo H$m (4) ~Q>© d habm°H$ H$m
223. g¥OZmË‘H$Vm H$m VÎd Zht h¡-
212. àemgH$m| ‘| à{V^mdmZ ~mbH$m| H$mo [deof {ejm àXmZ H$aZo Ho$ à{V (1) à^mderbVm (2) ‘m¡{bH$Vm
~hþV H$‘ BÀN>m h¡& ¶h H$WZ h¡- (3) bMrbmnZ (4) àdmh
(1) AmQ>mo H$m (2) ’«¢$H$ {dëgZ H$m
224. ~mbH$ ‘| g¥OZmË‘H$ A{^ì¶p³V ‘§o {ZåZ ‘§o go ³¶m à^mdr Zht hmoVm
(3) {ñH$Za H$m (4) Q>‘©Z H$m
h¡?
213. ~y«Za Zo g¥OZmË‘H$Vm Ho$ nj ~VmE h¢- (1) amOZr{VH$ ^mfU (2) ZmQ>H$s¶ Iob
(1) 2 (2) 3 (3) aMZmË‘H$ Iob (4) H$mën{ZH$Vm
(3) 4 (4) 5
225. g¥OZmË‘H$Vm ‘m¡{bH$ n[aUm‘m| H$mo A{^춳V H$aZo H$s ‘mZ{gH$
214. ~y«Za Ho$ AZwgma g¥OZmË‘H$Vm H$m nj h¡- à{H«$¶m h¡& ¶h H$WZ h¡-
(1) ZdrZVm (2) AmíM¶© (1) H«$mo d H«$mo H$m (2) {ñH$Za H$m
(3) ‘m¡{bH$Vm (4) Cnamo³V g^r (3) nmaZrg H$m (4) byWr H$m

215. O¡H$gZ d ‘¡{gH$ Zo g¥OZmË‘H$Vm Ho$ {H$VZo AmYma ~VmE h¢? 226. nmgr H$m g¥OZmË‘H$ narjU BÝXm¡a ‘| {H$g df© ‘| {Z{‘©V {H$¶m J¶m?
(1) 2 (2) 3 (1) 1970 (2) 1962
(3) 4 (4) 5 (3) 1972 (4) 1982

216. O¡H$gZ d ‘¡{gH$ Ho$ AZwgma g¥OZmË‘H$Vm H$m AmYma Zht h¡- 227. AnMmar ~mbH$ {H$VZo àH$ma Ho$ hmoVo h¢?
(1) ZdrZVm (2) C{MVVm (1) 2 (2) 4
(3) AmíM¶© (4) n[adV©Vm (3) 3 (4) 5

217. ³¶ygr Zo g¥OZmË‘H$Vm Ho$ {H$VZo nj ~VmE h¢? 228. AnMmar ~mbH$ H$m àH$ma h¡-
(1) 2 (2) 3 (1) gån[Îm ZîQ> H$aZo dmbm
(3) 4 (4) 5 (2) Xÿgao na AmH«$‘U H$aZo dmbm
(3) g‘mO Ho$ {Z¶‘m| H$m Cëb§KZ H$aZo dmbm
218. ³¶ygr Ho$ AZwgma g¥OZmË‘H$Vm H$m nj h¡- (4) ¶o g^r
(1) ~m¡{ÕH$ (2) ^mdZmË‘H$
(3) 1 Am¡a 2 XmoZm| (4) XmoZm| ‘| go H$moB© Zht 229. ~Q>© Zo g‘ñ¶mË‘H$ ~mbH$m| H$mo {H$VZo ^mJm| ‘| ~m±Q>m h¡?
(1) 2 (2) 3
219. ~«yZa Ho$ AZwgma g¥OZmË‘H$Vm H$m nj Zht h¡- (3) 4 (4) 5
(1) ZdrZVm (2) g§J«mhr
(3) AmíM¶© (4) ‘m¡{bH$Vm 230. ~mbH$ H$m g‘mO {damoYr H$m¶© ‘yb ê$n go {H$ggo à^m{dV hmoVm h¡?
(1) emar[aH$ ê$n go (2) ‘mZ{gH$ d ^mdmË‘H$ ê$n go
220. Q>moaoÝg Ho$ AZwgma g¥OZerbVm H$s {H$VZr {deofVmE± h¢? (3) gm‘m{OH$ ê$n go (4) amOZr{VH$ ê$n go
(1) 80 (2) 84
(3) 90 (4) 94 231. ¶{X H$jm-{ejU Ho$ Xm¡amZ H$jm Ho$ N>mÌ gH$mamË‘H$ à{V{H«$¶m Zht
H$aVo, Vmo BgH$m H$maU AmnHo$ »¶mb go {H$g‘| Ty>±‹T>m Om gH$Vm h¡?
221. g¥OZmË‘H$ {MÝVZ narjU go gå~pÝYV Zht h¡- (1) Cg {df¶ ‘|, Omo N>mÌm| H$mo n‹T>m¶m Om ahm hmo&
(1) ~mH$a ‘ohÝXr (2) Q>moaoÝg (2) Cg ~mV ‘|, Omo N>mÌm| H$mo {gImB© Om ahr hmo&
(3) ~r. Ho$. nmgr (4) {ñH$Za (3) Cg e¡br ‘|, {Og e¡br go N>mÌm| H$mo n‹T>m¶m {gIm¶m Om ahm hmo&
(4) Cn¶w©³V g^r

211. 212. 213. 214. 215. 216. 217. 218. 219. 220. 221. 222. 223. 224. 225. 226. 227. 228. 229. 230. 231.
(1) (1) (2) (4) (3) (3) (1) (3) (2) (2) (4) (3) (1) (1) (1) (3) (3) (4) (1) (4) (4)
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&

n¥îR> 244 {d{eîQ> ~mbH$ àJʶ

¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
232. eamaVr ~ÀMm| dmbr H$jm Ho$ ~mao ‘| Amn ³¶m H$a|Jo? 240. ~mb-AnamY H$s amoH$Wm‘ Ho$ {bE ‘mVm-{nVm H$mo ³¶m H$aZm Mm{hE?
(1) Hw$N> N>mÌmo§ H$mo Xÿgao go³eZ ‘| ^oOZo H$s gbmh X|Jo& (1) ~ÀMm| H$mo S>m±Q>Zm Mm{hE&
(2) Hw$N> N>mÌm| H$mo ñHy$b go {ZH$mbZo H$s {g’$m[ae H$a|Jo& (2) ~ÀMm| go ghmZw^y{VnyU© Ed§ gH$mamË‘H$ ì¶dhma H$aZm Mm{hE&
(3) àYmZmܶmnH$ H$mo {ñW{V go AdJV H$am X|Jo& (3) ~ÀMm| H$mo nrQ>Zm Mm{hE&
(4) Cg H$jm Ho$ ~ÀMm| H$mo n‹T>mZm ~ÝX H$a X|Jo& (4) Cnamo³V ‘| go H$moB© Zht&

233. ~ma-~ma H$hZo Ho$ ~mdOyX H$moB© N>mÌ H$jm ‘§o Xoa go AmVm h¡, Eogr 241. àm¶… à{V^membr ~mbH$, {ejH$m| H$s bmnadmhr Ho$ H$maU Hw$N>
pñW[V ‘| Amn ³¶m Cnm¶ H$aZm ngÝX H$a|Jo? naoem{Z¶m| ‘§o ’±$g OmVo h¢, Vmo ¶o naoem{Z¶m± ³¶m hmo gH$Vr h¡?
(1) Cgo H$jm ‘| Zht KwgZo X|Jo& (1) do {ZåZ Ed§ hrZ^mdZm go J«ñV hmo OmVo h¢&
(2) CgHo$ A{^^mdH$ H$mo Bg gå~ÝY ‘§o gy{MV H$a|Jo& (2) do ~X{‘μOmO Ed§ AdgmXr hmo OmVo h¢&

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(3) nmR>embm Ho$ àYmZmܶmnH$ H$mo BgH$s gyMZm X|Jo& (3) do EH$m§Jr Ed§ AÝV‘w©Ir hmo OmVo h¢&
(4) CgH$s AZXoIr H$a X|Jo& (4) do gm‘mݶ ~mbH$m| Ho$ à{V {dÐmohr hmo OmVo h¢&

234. ¶{X AmnH$s H$jm H$m H$moB© N>mÌ AZwn{ñWV hmo, Vmo Amn- 242. AmnHo$ {dMma ‘| EH$ à{V^mdmZ N>mÌ H$m JwU h¡-
(1) CgHo$ ~mao ‘| H$jm Ho$ N>mÌm| go nyN>|Jo& (1) Aܶ¶Z ê${M¶m±
(2) N>mÌ Ho$ A{^^mdH$ go BgH$m H$maU nyN>|Jo& (2) {dñV¥V eãX ^ÊS>ma
(3) Bg Amoa ܶmZ XoZm Amdí¶H$ Zht g‘P|Jo& (3) emar[aH$ loîR>Vm
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(4) Cg N>mÌ H$mo XÊS> X|Jo& (4) Cn¶w©³V g^r

235. H$jm ‘| n‹T>mB© Ho$ g‘¶ Xmo N>mÌ Amng ‘| ~mV| H$aVo h¢& AmnHo$ »¶mb 243. ‘ÝX-~w{Õ ~mbH$m| Ho$ {bE Cn¶moJr {gÕmÝV h¡-
go CZHo$ Bg H$m¶© go- (1) Wm°Z©S>mBH$ H$m {gÕmÝV
(1) CZ XmoZm| H$mo hm{Z hmoVr h¡& (2) à~bZ H$m {gÕmÝV
(2) gmar H$jm H$mo hm{Z hmoVr h¡& (3) AÝVÑ©pîQ> {gÕmÝV
(3) AܶmnH$ H$m ܶmZ ~±Q>Vm h¡& (4) {H«$¶m-àgyV AZw~ÝYZ {gÕmÝV
(4) Cn¶w©³V g^r
244. ‘ÝX-~w{Õ ~mbH$ {ZåZ ‘| go {H$ZHo$ {eH$ma hmoVo h¢?
236. ~mb-AnamY H$m H$maU {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgm hmo gH$Vm h¡? (1) Jm‘H$ ‘ÝXVm Ho$
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(1) nm[adm[aH$ (2) gm‘m{OH$ (2) {dbpå~V n[an³dVm Ho$

(3) emar[aH$ (4) ¶o g^r (3) ~m¡{ÕH$ ê$n go {ZåZ loUr
(4) Cn¶w©³V g^r
237. ~mb-Anam{Y¶m| H$mo gwYmaZo H$o {bE {H$gH$s ghm¶Vm boZr Mm{hE?
(1) Anam{Y¶m| H$s (2) {ejH$m| H$s 245. EH$ b‹S>H$m ~ma-~ma g‘PmZo Ho$ ~mdOyX ñHy$b Xoa go Am¶m h¡, Vmo
(3) ‘Zmo{M{H$ËgH$m| H$s (4) BZ g^r H$s Amn-
(1) Cgo ñHy$b go {ZH$mb X|Jo&
238. {H$g {Z¶‘ Ho$ AZwgma à{V^membr ‘mVm-{nVm H$s gÝVmZ {ZåZ (2) BgH$s gyMZm àYmZmMm¶© H$mo X|Jo&
H$mo{Q> H$s hmoVr h¡? (3) BgH$s gyMZm CgHo$ ‘mVm-{nVm H$mo X|Jo&
(1) à˶mJ‘Z H$m {Z¶‘ (4) BgHo$ H$maUm| H$m nVm bJm¶|Jo&
(2) {d{^ÝZVm H$m {Z¶‘
(3) ‘oÊS>b H$m {Z¶‘ 246. EH$ {dÚmWu Amngo A{eîQ> ^mfm H$m à¶moJ H$aVm h¡, Amn Cgo-
(4) BZ‘| go H$moB© Zht (1) S>m±Q>|Jo&
(2) Cg na ܶmZ Zht X|Jo&
239. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go {H$go ~mb-AnamY H$s loUr ‘| aIm Om gH$Vm h¡? (3) Cggo ~mV Zht H$a|Jo&
(1) Mmoar H$aZm (2) n‹T>Zo H$s Aê${M hmoZm (4) Cgo ~mV H$aZo H$m T>§J grIm¶|Jo&
(3) Iob-Hy$X ‘| ‘Z bJmZm (4) BZ‘| go H$moB© Zht

232. 233. 234. 235. 236. 237. 238. 239. 240. 241. 242. 243. 244. 245. 246.
(1) (2) (2) (4) (4) (3) (1) (1) (2) (1) (4) (1) (4) (4) (4)
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
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àJʶ {d[eîQ> ~mbH$ n¥îR> 245

247. EH$ ~mbH$ H$s Mmoar H$s AmXV Nw>‹S>mZo Ho$ {bE Amn ³¶m H$a|Jo? 255. g¥OZerbVm Ho$ nmofU hoVw, EH$ AܶmnH$ H$mo AnZo {dÚm{W©¶m| H$mo
(1) CgH$mo S>m±Q>|Jo& aIZm Mm{hE- ~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15
(2) Cgo Mmoar go hmoZo dmbr hm{Z¶m| go AdJV H$am¶|Jo& (1) H$m¶© Ho$pÝÐV {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo
(3) Mmoam| H$s hmoZo dmbr XþX©em H$mo ~Vm¶|Jo& gbmh Xr OmVr h¡ {H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s
(2) bú¶ Ho$pÝÐV
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(4) CgHo$ n¡go ‘m±JZo na CgH$s AmXV H$s Va’$ ܶmZ AmH${f©V H$a|Jo& (3) H$m¶© Ho$pÝÐV Ed§ bú¶ Ho$pÝÐV www.praganya.org
(4) nwañH$ma ào[aV go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
248. {H$gr N>mÌ Ho$ Aemo^Zr¶ AmMaU na EH$ {ejH$ H$mo H$aZm Mm{hE-
(1) ^¶§H$a H«$moY 256. g‘ñ¶m Ho$ AW© H$mo OmZZo H$s ¶mo½¶Vm, dmVmdaU Ho$ Xmofmo, H${‘¶m| Ed§
(2) H$R>moa XÊS> H$m à¶moJ [ap³V¶m| Ho$ à{V gOJVm {deofVm h¡-
(3) CnXoe XoH$a b{ÁOV H$aZm (1) à{V^membr ~mbH$m| H$s (2) gm‘mݶ ~mbH$m| H$s
(4) CÝh| AnamY ~moY H$amZm (3) g¥OZerb ~mbH$m§o H$s (4) BZ‘| go H$moB© Zht
249. g¥OZerbVm Ho$ nmofU Ho$ {bE EH$ AܶmnH$ H$mo {ZåZ ‘o§ go {H$g 257. à{V^membr ~mbH$-
{d{Y H$s ghm¶Vm boZr Mm{hE? (1) Vrd«Vm Am¡a AmgmZr go grIVo h¢&
(1) ~oZ ñQ>m{‘ªJ/{dMmadoe (2) ì¶m»¶mZ {d{Y (2) Omo gwZVo ¶m n‹T>Vo h¢, {~Zm aQ>o H$ÊR>ñW H$a boVo h¢&
(3) Ñí¶-lì¶ gm‘J«r (4) BZ‘| go g^r (3) dñVw {MÝVZ H$aVo h¢&
(4) H$‘ g‘¶ ‘| ha A{^àoaU H$m AZwgaU H$aVo h¢&
250. EH$ à{V^membr ~mbH$ Ho$ AZwemgZhrZ hmoZo H$s {ñW{V ‘| Amn-
(1) VQ>ñW ~Zo ah|Jo& 258. ‘ÝX A{YJ‘H$Vm© {OZH$s e¡{jH$ CnbpãY gm‘mݶ ¶mo½¶Vm go H$‘ ah
(2) Cgo XÊS> X|Jo& OmVr h¡, H$ho OmVo h¢-
(3) CgHo$ ‘mVm-{nVm H$mo ~Vm¶|Jo& (1) {nN>‹S>o (2) {deof
(4) CgHo$ H$maUm| H$m nVm bJm¶|Jo& (3) ~mb-AnamYr (4) ‘mZ{gH$ ê$n go H$‘Omoa
251. à{V^membr ~mbH$ dh h¡ Omo AnZo CËnmXZ H$s ‘mÌm, Xa VWm 259. ‘ÝX-~w{Õ ~mbH$m| Ho$ {bE H$m¡Zgo CnMmar H$m¶©H«$‘ MbmE Om aho h¢?
JwUdÎmm ‘| {d{eîQ> hmoVm h¡& ¶h H$WZ {X¶m J¶m h¡- (1) nyd© ì¶mdgm{¶H$ {dÚmb¶ (2) JdofUmË‘H$
(1) Q>‘©Z Ed§ AmoS>Z Ûmam (3) ‘mܶ{‘H$ (4) ¶o g^r
(2) H¡$ab Ed§ ‘m{Q>©Ýg Ûmam
(3) Ama.S>ãë¶y. Q>oba Ûmam 260. {ZåZ{b{IV H$WZmo§ na {dMma H$s{OE-
(4) Cn¶w©³V ‘| go H$moB© Zht 1. EH$ g‘¶ Wm O~ ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ {dH$mg Zhr§ hþAm Wm, Vmo g^r ~mbH$m|
H$mo {d{eîQ> ~mbH$ H$s loUr ‘| aIm OmVm Wm&
252. H$m¡Zgo ~mbH$m| H$mo Ka Ho$ {bE {deof H$m¶© {X¶m OmZm Mm{hE? 2. Omo ~mbH$ gm‘mݶ ~mbH$ go ~hþV A{YH$ {^ÝZ hmoVo Wo, Agm‘mݶ
(1) à{V^membr ~mbH$m| H$mo ~mbH$ H$hbmVo Wo&
(2) {nN>‹S>o ~mbH$m| H$mo Cnamo³V H$WZmo§ ‘| H$m¡Zgm/go H$WZ ghr h¡/h¢?
(3) ‘mZ{gH$ ê$n go {nN>‹S>o ~mbH$m| H$mo (1) Ho$db 1 (2) Ho$db 2
(4) g‘ñ¶mË‘H$ ~mbH$m| H$mo (3) 1 Am¡a 2 (4) Z Vmo 1 Am¡a Z hr 2

253. dh ~mbH$ Omo g‘mO Ûmam ñdrH¥$V AmMaU H$m nmbZ Zht H$aVm, 261. {ZåZ{b{IV H$WZm| na {dMma H$s{OE-
AnamYr H$hbmVm h¡& ¶h {H$gZo H$hm h¡? 1. ¶h EH$ ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ V϶ h¡ {H$ Bg g§gma ‘| H$moB© ^r Xmo ~mbH$ a§J,
(1) {J{bZ Zo (2) {ñH$Za Zo ê$n VWm àH¥${V ‘| EH$ g‘mZ Zht hmoVo h¢&
(3) hrbr Zo (4) ‘m¡aa Zo 2. {d{eîQ> ~mbH$m| H$s loUr ‘| àIa ~w{Õ dmbo ~mbH$ go boH$a ‘mZ{gH$
Vm¡a na Aj‘ ~mbH$m| H$mo aIm OmVm h¡&
254. AnamYr ~mbH$mo§ Ho$ CnMma H$s H$m¡Zgr {d{Y Zht h¡? Cnamo³V H$WZm| ‘| H$m¡Zgm/go H$WZ ghr h¡/h¢?
(1) n¶m©daUmË‘H$ {d{Y (2) ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ {d{Y (1) Ho$db 1 (2) Ho$db 2
(3) ‘Zmo{díbofUmË‘H$ {d{Y (4) àíZmdbr {d{Y (3) 1 Am¡a 2 (4) Z Vmo 1 Am¡a Z hr 2

247. 248. 249. 250. 251. 252. 253. 254. 255. 256. 257. 258. 259. 260. 261.
(4) (4) (1) (4) (1) (1) (3) (4) (3) (3) (4) (1) (4) (2) (1)
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&

n¥îR> 246 {d{eîQ> ~mbH$ àJʶ

¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
262. {ZåZ{b{IV H$WZm| na {dMma H$s{OE- Cnamo³V H$WZm| ‘o§ H$m¡Zgm/go H$WZ ghr h¡/h¢?
1. {d{eîQ> ~mbH$mo§ H$s loUr ‘| dmo ~mbH$ hmoVo h¢, {OÝh| grIZo ‘| H${R>ZmB© (1) Ho$db 1 (2) Ho$db 2
hmoVr h¡& (3) 1 Am¡a 2 (4) ¶o g^r
2. EH$ {d{eîQ> ~mbH$ dh h¡, Omo emar[aH$, ‘mZ{gH$ VWm g§doJmË‘H$ Vm¡a
na Aݶ ~mbH$m| go {^ÝZ hmoVm h¡& 268. ‘ÝX-~w{Õ ~mbH$ H$mo A~ jrU ~w{Õ ~mbH$m§o Ho$ g‘yh ‘| Zhr§ aIm
Cnamo³V H$WZm| ‘| H$m¡Z-gm/go H$WZ ghr h¡/h¢? OmVm h¡, {OZHo$ {bE Hw$N> ^r Zht {H$¶m Om gH$Vm& A~ h‘ ¶h
(1) Ho$db 1 (2) Ho$db 2 ñdrH$ma H$aVo h¢ {H$ CZHo$ ì¶p³VËd Ho$ CVZo hr {d{^ÝZ nhby hmoVo
(3) 1 Am¡a 2 (4) Z Vmo 1 Am¡a Z hr 2 h¢, {OVZo gm‘mݶ ~mbH$m| Ho$ ì¶p³VËd Ho$ hmoVo h¢& ¶h H$WZ {H$gH$m
h¡?
263. {ZåZ{b{IV H$WZmo§ na {dMma H$s{OE-

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(1) nmobmH$ Ed§ nmobmH$ H$m (2) ñH$sZa H$m
1. H$mZyZm| VWm g§ñWmAm| Ûmam ‘ÝX-~w{Õ ~mbH$m| H$mo nr{‹S>V {H$¶m OmVm (3) H«$mo Ed§ H«$mo H$m (4) BZ‘| go H$moB© Zht
h¡&
2. ݶy¶m°H©$ H$m {deof {ejm {d^mJ df© 1940 ‘| ñWm{nV {H$¶m J¶m& 269. Jå^raVm ‘pÝXV‘Zm-
3. ¶h g¥OZmË‘H$ ~mbH$m| na Aܶ¶Z H$a ahm h¡& (1) O‹S> ~w{Õ H$hbmVm h¡& (2) hrZ ~w{Õ H$hbmVm h¡¡&
Cnamo³V H$WZm| ‘| H$m¡Zgm/go H$WZ ghr h¡/h¢? (3) Xþ~©b ~w{Õ H$hbmVm h¡& (4) BZ‘| go H$moB© Zht&
(1) Ho$db 1 (2) Ho$db 2
(3) 1 Am¡a 2 (4) ¶o g^r 270. ñH$sZa Zo ‘ÝX-~w{Õ ~mbH$m| H$mo H$hm h¡-
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(1) Aën~w{Õ (2) ‘ÝX-~w{Õ
264. J«m‘rU BbmH$m| ‘| Ohm± ì¶mdgm{¶H$ ñVa na {ejm gå^d Zht h¡, dhm± (3) Yr‘r J{V dmbm ‘y‹T> (4) ¶o g^r
‘ÝX-~w{Õ ~mbH$m| Ho$ {bE ³¶m ì¶dñWmE± H$s JB© h¢?
(1) Oy{Z¶a hmB©ñHy$b H$jmAm| H$s 271. ‘mZ{gH$ ‘ÝXVm H$m ³¶m H$maU h¡?
(2) gr{Z¶a ñHy$bm| H$s H$jmAm| H$s (1) àgd nyd©H$m{bH$ H$maU (2) àgdmoÎma H$maU
(3) àmW{‘H$ {dÚmb¶m| H$s (3) 1 Am¡a 2 XmoZm| (4) BZ‘| go H$moB© Zht
(4) ¶o g^r
272. ‘ÝX-~w{ÕVm H$m ³¶m Cnm¶ hmo gH$Vm h¡?
265. ‘ÝX-~w{Õ ~mbH$m§o Ho$ {bE H$m¡Zgr ¶moOZm MbmB© Om ahr h¡? (1) ~mbH$m| H$m gå‘mZ H$aZm
(1) {deof H$jm Ho$ {bE {Obo ‘| ¶moOZm (2) ~mbH$m| H$mo EH$ ¶m Xmo hñV{eënm| H$s {ejm XoZm
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(2) Oy{Z¶a hmB©ñHy$b H$s {deof H$jmE± (3) Yr‘r J{V go nmR> n‹T>mZm
(3) B‘maV VWm gm‘J«r (4) Cnamo³V g^r
(4) Cnamo³V g^r
273. {ZåZ{b{IV H$WZm| na {dMma H$s{OE-
266. {ZåZ{b{IV H$WZm| na {dMma H$s{OE- 1. g‘mO ‘| AmO {d{eîQ> ~mbH$m| Ho$ à{V OmJê$H$Vm ~‹T>r h¡&
1. àmaå^ ‘| {d{eîQ> ~mbH$m| Ho$ {bE {ejm H$s ewê$AmV ’«$m§g ‘| H$s JB©& 2. {d{eîQ> ~mbH$m| H$mo {d{eîQ> {ejm VWm {deof à{ejU H$s
2. {d{eîQ> ~mbH$m| Ho$ {bE dmñV{dH$ ê$n go {ejm H$m àmaå^ ¶yamon ‘| Amdí¶H$Vm hmoVr h¡&
{H$¶m J¶m& Cnamo³V H$WZm| ‘| H$m¡Zgm/go H$WZ ghr h¡/h¢?
3. {d{eîQ> ~mbH$ ‘ybV… Aݶ ~mbH$m| Ho$ g‘mZ Zht hmoVo h¢& (1) Ho$db 1 (2) Ho$db 2
Cnamo³V H$WZm| ‘| H$m¡Zgm/go H$WZ ghr h¡/h¢? (3) 1 Am¡a 2 (4) Z Vmo 1 Am¡a Z hr 2
(1) Ho$db 1 (2) Ho$db 2
274. O~ {H$gr ~mbH$ H$mo {d{eîQ> H$hH$a d{U©V {H$¶m OmVm h¡, Vmo h‘
(3) 1 Am¡a 2 (4) ¶o g^r
Cgo Am¡gV ~mbH$m| go A{YH$ bjUm| Ho$ ~am~a ‘mZVo h¢& ¶h H$WZ
267. {ZåZ{b{IV H$WZmo§ na {dMma H$s{OE- {H$gH$m h¡?
1. {d{eîQ> ~mbH$m§o H$s {d{eîQ> nhMmZ hmoVr h¡& (1) {’$Za H$m
2. {d{eîQ> ~mbH$m| Ho$ {bE ì¶p³VJV {ZX}eZ H$s Amdí¶H$Vm hmoVr h¡& (2) gMdmQ>©O H$m
3. {d{eîQ> ~mbH$m| Ho$ {bE {deof H$jm H$s ì¶dñWm {ejm Ho$ (3) 1 Am¡a 2 XmoZm|
AmYw{ZH$ Xe©Z H$m ‘ybmYma h¡& (4) BZ‘| go H$moB© Zht

262. 263. 264. 265. 266. 267. 268. 269. 270. 271. 272. 273. 274.
(2) (2) (1) (4) (2) (4) (1) (1) (4) (3) (4) (1) (2)
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
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àJʶ {d[eîQ> ~mbH$ n¥îR> 247

275. Yr‘r J{V go grIZo dmbo ~mbH$m| Ho$ {bE ³¶m gwPmd hmo gH$Vo h¢? 283. g¥OZmË‘H$ ~mbH$ Ho$ narjU Ho$ {bE {H$g VH$ZrH$ H$m à¶moJ {H$¶m
(1) CZgo Xoa VH$ nmR>m| ‘| ܶmZ bJmZo Ho$ {bE Zht H$hZm& Om gH$Vm h¡?
(2) nmR> H$mo ~ma-~ma Xmoham¶m OmE, {Oggo nmR> AÀN>r Vah go ¶mX hmo& (1) dmX-{ddmX
(3) CZ‘| AmË‘à{VîR>m H$s ^mdZm OJmB© OmE& (2) ‘pñVîH$ ~m¡N>ma
(4) Cnamo³V g^r (3) à¶moJmË‘H$ H$ënZmAm| na dmX-{ddmX
(4) Hw$N> gm‘mݶ dñVwAm| na à{ejU
276. d§MZ Ho$ AmYma na {^ÝZ {d{eîQ> ~mbH$ {H$VZo àH$ma go d§{MV hmoVo ~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$
h¢? 284. g¥OZmË‘H$Vm H$m àdmh- 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm
(1) 1 (2) 3 (1) {H$gr {deof {Xem ‘| hmoVm h¡& h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡ {H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV
(3) 4 (4) 7 (2) EH$ {Xem ‘| Zht hmoVm h¡& g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ>
(3) Mmam| {XemAm| ‘| hmoVm h¡& www.praganya.org
277. ‘mZ{gH$ ê$n go {nN>‹S>o ~mbH$m| H$s H$jm ‘| {H$VZo ~mbH$ hmoZo Mm{hE? (4) Cnamo³V ‘| go H$moB© Zht go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
(1) 5 go 10 (2) 10 go 15
(3) 15 go 20 (4) 20 go 25 285. {ZåZ{b{IV H$WZm| na {dMma H$s{OE-
1. g¥OZmË‘H$ ~mbH$m| H$s g‘ñ¶m Ho$ g‘mYmZ ‘| gwPmd J«hUerbVm,
278. BZ‘| go H$m¡Z ~mb AnamYr VWm {H$emoa AnamYr ~mbH$m| Ho$ {bE nwZdm©g g§doJ VWm nydm©J«h Am{X ‘hÎdnyU© ~mYH$ VÎd h¢&
VWm e¡{jH$ H$m¶©H«$‘m| go gå~pÝYV h¡? 2. g¥OZmË‘H$ ~mbH$m| Ho$ {dH$mg ‘| {ejH$m| H$s ^y{‘H$m ‘hÎdnyU© hmoVr h¡&
(1) {dÚmb¶ ‘| gÝVmofOZH$ dmVmdaU hmo& Cnamo³V H$WZm| ‘§o H$m¡Zgm/go H$WZ ghr h¡/h¢?
(2) nm[adm[aH$ dmVmdaU ‘| ^r gwYma hmoZm Mm{hE& (1) Ho$db 1
(3) A{^^mdH$ gå‘obZm| H$m Am¶moOZ {H$¶m OmZm Mm{hE& (2) Ho$db 2
(4) Cnamo³V g^r (3) 1 Am¡a 2
(4) Z Vmo 1 Am¡a Z hr 2
279. {ZåZ{b{IV H$WZm| na {dMma H$s{OE-
1. AnamYr ~mbH$ bmo^r àd¥{Îm dmbo hmoVo h¢& 286. g¥OZmË‘H$ ~mbH$ Ho$ {bE {ejU H$s H$m¡Zgr VH$ZrH$ Amdí¶H$ h¡?
2. ~mbH$ gm‘mݶV… AmH$f©H$ VWm {චdñVwAm| H$s Mmoar H$aVo h¢& (1) ^y{‘H$m H$aZm (2) eãX ghM¶©
Cnamo³V H$WZm| ‘o§ H$m¡Zgm/go H$WZ ghr h¡/h¢? (3) dmX-{ddmX (4) ¶o g^r
(1) Ho$db 1 (2) Ho$db 2
(3) 1 Am¡a 2 (4) Z Vmo 1 Am¡a Z hr 2 287. H$moR>mar g{‘{V Zo g¥OZmË‘H$ ~mbH$m| H$s {ejm Ho$ {bE {H$VZo H$maU
~VmE± h¢?
280. {ZåZ{b{IV H$WZm| na {dMma H$s{OE- (1) 4 (2) 2
1. AnamYr ~mbH$ dV©‘mZ AmZÝX Ho$ {gÕmÝV na H$m¶© H$aVm h¡& (3) 7 (4) 10
2. dh ^{dî¶ H$s {MÝVm Zht H$aVm h¡&
Cnamo³V H$WZm| ‘| H$m¡Zgm/go H$WZ ghr h¡/h¢? 288. H$moR>mar g{‘{V Zo g¥OZmË‘H$ ~mbH$m| Ho$ {bE H$m¡Zgo/gm H$maU
(1) Ho$db 1 (2) Ho$db 2 ~VmE/~Vm¶m/h¡/ h¢?
(3) 1 Am¡a 2 (4) Z Vmo 1 Am¡a Z hr 2 (1) EH$ Am¡gV AܶmnH$ H$s H$‘Omoar
(2) {ejU T>m±Mo H$m H$R>moa hmoZm
281. ‘ÚnmZ H$m/Ho$ ‘w»¶ H$maH$ h¡/h¢- (3) 1 Am¡a 2 XmoZm|
(1) Agm‘mݶ ì¶p³VËd (4) Cnamo³V ‘| go H$moB© Zht
(2) à{VHy$b n[apñW{V¶m±
(3) ZJarH$aU VWm Am¡ÚmoJrH$aU 289. g¥OZmË‘H$ ~mbH$ H$m/Ho$ {ejm Ho$ CÔoí¶ ³¶m h¡/h¢?
(4) ¶o g^r (1) ~m¡{ÕH$ dmVmdaU CËnÝZ H$aZm
(2) {dMmam| H$mo {H«$¶mpÝdV H$aZo H$s j‘Vm H$m {dH$mg H$aZm
282. Q>m°aoÝg Ho$ AZwgma g¥OZmË‘H$Vm H$m/Ho$ VÎd h¡/h¢- (3) 1 Am¡a 2 XmoZm|
(1) ‘m¡{bH$Vm (2) {dZmoX{à¶Vm (4) Cnamo³V ‘| go H$moB© Zht
(3) {Okmgm (4) ¶o g^r

275. 276. 277. 278. 279. 280. 281. 282. 283. 284. 285. 286. 287. 288. 289.
(4) (2) (3) (4) (3) (3) (4) (4) (3) (1) (3) (4) (1) (3) (3)
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
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n¥îR> 248 {d{eîQ> ~mbH$ àJʶ

¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
290. hodm°S>© Ho$ AZwgma à{V^membr ~mbH$m| H$mo H$jm ‘| {ejH$ Ûmam {XE 3. ¶o g§doJmË‘H$ Vm¡a na {ñWa ^r hmoVo h¢&
JE {ZX}e Ho$ àH$ma h¢- Cnamo³V H$WZm| ‘§o H$m¡Zgm/go H$WZ ghr h¡/h¢?
(1) à˶j (2) Aà˶j (1) Ho$db 1 (2) Ho$db 2
(3) AmË‘Ho$pÝÐV (4) ¶oo g^r (3) 1 Am¡a 2 (4) 1,2 Am¡a 3

291. à{V^membr ~mbH$m| H$s H$m¡Zgr {deofVm Zht h¡? 298. {ZåZ{b{IV H$WZm| na {dMma H$s{OE-
(1) BZ‘| ZoV¥Ëd H$s {deofVmE± hmoVr h¢& 1. à{V^membr ~mbH$ gm‘mݶ kmZ ‘| Aݶ ~mbH$m| go loîR> hmoVo h¢&
(2) Eogo ~mbH$ {ejm Ho$ à˶oH$ joÌ ‘| A{YH$ Cnb{ãY¶m± àmßV H$aVo h¢& 2. X¡{ZH$ H$m¶© ‘| {d{dYVm bmVo h¢&
(3) BZ‘| VH©$ H$aZo H$s ¶mo½¶Vm A{YH$ hmoVr h¡& 3. {demb eãX H$moe dmbo hmoVo h¢&
(4) gm‘mݶ {ejU {d{Y¶m| Ûmam {ejU J«hU H$aZo ‘| {d’$bVm& Cnamo³V H$WZm| ‘| H$m¡Zgm/go H$WZ ghr h¡/h¢?

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(1) Ho$db 1 (2) Ho$db 2
292. {ejH$ g¥OZmË‘H$ ~mbH$m| H$s nhMmZ {H$g àH$ma H$a gH$Vo h¢? (3) 1 Am¡a 2 (4) 1,2 Am¡a 3
(1) ñdVÝÌ {ZU©¶ j‘Vm Ûmam (2) ‘m¡{bH$Vm Ûmam
(3) {Okmgm Ûmam (4) Cnamo³V g^r 299. {ZåZ{b{IV H$WZm| na {dMma H$s{OE-
1. ‘Zmodk¡ m{ZH$m| Zo à{V^membr ~mbH$ Ho$ {bE {d{dY H$gm¡{Q>¶m± V¡¶ma H$s h¢&
293. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgm H$WZ Ag˶ h¢? 2. ¶h g¥OZmË‘H$ VWm loîR>Vm go H$ht Á¶mXm {dñV¥V VWm à^mdembr h¡&
(1) {nN>‹S>o ~mbH$ gm‘mݶ {dÚmb¶ Ho$ nmR²>¶H«$‘ go bm^ CR>mZo ‘| Ag‘W© 3. ~w{Õ àmßVm§H$ VWm g¥OZmË‘H$Vm Ho$ Abmdm {ejH$m|, gm{W¶m|, ‘mVm-
ahVo h¢& www.praganya.org
{nVm VWm ñd¶§ Ho$ Ûmam Cgo à{V^membr ‘mZm OmZm Amdí¶H$ h¡&
(2) {nN>‹S>o ~mbH$ AnZo OrdZ ‘| {Zamem H$m AZw^d H$aVo h¢& Cnamo³V H$WZm| ‘| H$m¡Zgm/go H$WZ ghr h¡/h¢?
(3) {nN>‹S>o ~mbH$ H$mo gm‘m{OH$ g‘m¶moOZ ‘| ~hþV H${R>ZmB© hmoVr h¡& (1) Ho$db 1 (2) Ho$db 2
(4) {nN>‹S>o ~mbH$ gd©Ì {Okmgw ÑpîQ> aIVo h¢& (3) 1 Am¡a 2 (4) 1,2 Am¡a 3

294. ‘m¡{bH$Vm H$m JwU nm¶m OmVm h¡- 300. EH$b$A[^^mdH$ dmbo ~ÀMo H$mo n‹T>mVo g‘¶ {ejH$ H$mo-
(1) à{V^membr ~mbH$m| ‘| (1) Bg àH$ma Ho$ ~ÀMo Ho$ gmW {^ÝZ àH$ma go ì¶dhma H$aZm Mm{hE&
(2) g¥OZerb ~mbH$m| ‘| (2) Eogo ~ÀMo H$mo H$‘ J¥hH$m¶© XoZm Mm{hE&
(3) YZr n[admam| Ho$ ~mbH$m| ‘| (3) pñWa Am¡a EH$ê$n dmVmdaU CnbãY H$amZm Mm{hE&
(4) {e{jV ‘mVm-{nVm Ho$ ~mbH$m| ‘| (4) Bg V϶ H$mo AZXoIm H$aZm Mm{hE Am¡a Eogo ~ÀMo Ho$ gmW Aݶ ~ÀMm|
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Ho$ g‘mZ ì¶dhma H$aZm Mm{hE&

295. à{V^membr ~mbH$ H$s {ejm H$m/Ho$ ³¶m Cnm¶ h¡/h¢?
(1) erK« dJm}ÝZ{V (2) g§d{Õ©V nmR²>¶H«$‘ 301. {deof ê$n go Oê$aV‘ÝX ~ÀMm| H$s {ejm H$m à~ÝY hmoZm Mm{hE-
(3) {d{eîQ> H$jm à~ÝY (4) ¶o g^r (1) Xÿgao gm‘mݶ ~ÀMm| Ho$ gmW
(2) {deof {dÚmb¶m| ‘| {deof ~ÀMm| Ho$ {bE {dH${gV {d{Y¶m| Ûmam
296. {ZåZ{b{IV H$WZmo§ na {dMma H$s{OE- (3) {deof {dÚmb¶m| ‘|
1. à{V^membr ì¶p³V¶m| H$s ‘mZ{gH$ à{H«$¶m ‘| Vrd«Vm VWm {MÝVZ (4) {deof {dÚmb¶m| ‘| {deof {ejH$m| Ûmam
A{YH$ hmoVm h¡&
2. nmR²>¶H«$‘m| ‘| A{YH$ A{^ê${M hmoVr h¡& 302. Ag§J{R>V Ka go AmZo dmbm ~ÀMm g~go A{YH$ H${R>ZmB© H$m AZw^d
3. ‘ÝX-~w{Õ ¶m gm‘mݶ ~mbH$m| H$s A{^ê${M H$‘ hmoVr h¡& H$aoJm-
Cnamo³V H$WZm| ‘| H$m¡Zgm/go H$WZ ghr h¡/h¢? (1) gw{Z{‘©V nmR>m| ‘| (2) ñdVÝÌ Aܶ¶Z ‘|
(1) Ho$db 1 (2) Ho$db 2 (3) {Z¶mo{OV {ZX}e ‘| (4) Aä¶mg nwpñVH$mAm| ‘|
(3) 1 Am¡a 2 (4) 1,2 Am¡a 3
303. EH$ {ejH$ H$mo AnZo {dÚmb¶ ‘| {H$go A{YH$ ‘hÎd XoZm Mm{hE?
297. {ZåZ{b{IV H$WZm| na {dMma H$s{OE- (1) CÀM dJ© Ho$ ~mbH$m| H$mo
1. à{V^membr ~mbH$ ì¶p³VJV g‘ñ¶mAm| Ho$ g‘mYmZ ‘| A{YH$ ghm¶H$ (2) g^r H$mo g‘mZ ‘hÎd XoZm Mm{hE&
hmoVo h¢& (3) AZwgy{MV Om{V Ed§ OZOm{V Ho$ N>mÌm| H$mo
2. Am¡gV ~mbH$m| H$s VwbZm ‘| àdrU hmoVo h¢& (4) A˶ÝV {nN>‹S>o dJ© Ho$ N>mÌm| H$mo

290. 291. 292. 293. 294. 295. 296. 297. 298. 299. 300. 301. 302. 303.
(4) (4) (4) (4) (2) (4) (4) (4) (4) (3) (4) (1) (2) (2)
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
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àJʶ {d[eîQ> ~mbH$ n¥îR> 249

304. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgr AZwgy{MV OZOm{V Ho$ N>mÌm| H$s à‘wI 311. {ZåZ{b{IV H$WZmo§ na {dMma H$s{OE-
g‘ñ¶m h¡? 1. ‘mVm-{nVm H$s ê${‹T>dm{XVm Am¡a Hw$ar{V¶m| ‘| AÝY{dídmg H$m hmoZm&
1. A{YH$Va n[admam| H$s {ZY©ZVm 2. {dÚmb¶m| H$m A{YH$ Xÿar na {ñWV hmoZm&
2. {dÚmb¶ ‘| gm‘mݶ dJ© Ho$ N>mÌm| Ûmam CZH$mo n¶m©ßV gå‘mZ Zht {X¶m Cnamo³V H$WZm| ‘| H$m¡Z d§{MV dJ© H$s {ejm ‘| ~mYm h¡?
OmZm& (1) Ho$db 1 (2) Ho$db 2
3. BZHo$ g‘mO ‘| {ejm Ho$ n¶m©ßV àMma-àgma H$m A^md (3) 1 Am¡a 2 (4) Z Vmo 1 Am¡a Z hr 2
Hy$Q>-
(1) Ho$db 1 (2) Ho$db 2 312. d§{MV dJ© H$s {ejm Ho$ ‘mJ© ‘| ~mYmE± h¢-
(3) Ho$db 3 (4) ¶o g^r 1. ‘mVm-{nVm VWm A{^^mdH$ H$m Jar~ hmoZm
2. ‘mVm-{nVm VWm A{^^mdH$ H$m {Zaja hmoZm
305. ¶{X AmnHo$ nmg ewëH$ ‘wp³V H$m A{YH$ma hmo, Vmo Amn ewëH$ ‘wp³V 3. ~mbH$m| H$m n[adma H$s Am¶ H$m gmYZ hmoZm
H$m bm^ X|Jo- Cnamo³V H$WZm| ‘| H$m¡Zgm/go H$WZ ghr h¡/h¢?
(1) [aíVoXmam| Ho$ ~ÀMm| H$mo (2) Vrd« ~w{Õ dmbo ~ÀMm| H$mo (1) Ho$db 1 (2) Ho$db 3
(3) {ZY©Z N>mÌm| H$mo (4) {g’$m[ae dmbo ~ÀMm| H$mo (3) 1 Am¡a 2 (4) 1,2 Am¡a 3

306. {ZY©Z bmoJm| Ho$ ~ÀMm| H$mo {ejm hoVw ³¶m ghm¶Vm Xr OmZr dm§N>Zr¶ 313. {ZåZ{b{IV H$WZm| na {dMma H$s{OE-
h¡? 1. df© 1960-61 ‘| T>o~a g{‘{V H$m JR>Z {H$¶m J¶m Wm&
(1) {Z…ewëH$ {ejm (2) {Z…ewëH$ nR>Z gm‘J«r 2. AZwgy{MV Om{V¶m| Am¡a OZOm{V¶m| H$s {ejm H$s dmñV{dH$Vm OmZZo
(3) {Z…ewëH$ ‘ܶm• ^moOZ (4) Cnamo³V g^r Ho$ {bE T>o~a g{‘{V H$m JR>Z {H$¶m J¶m Wm&
Cnamo³V H$WZm| ‘| H$m¡Zgm/go H$WZ ghr h¡/h¢?
307. {nN>‹S>o dJm] ‘| {ejm Ho$ g‘mZ Adga Ho$ nmÌ h¡- (1) Ho$db 1 (2) Ho$db 2
(1) ‘{hbmE± (2) AZwgy{MV Om{V¶m± (3) 1 Am¡a 2 (4) Z Vmo 1 Am¡a Z hr 2
(3) AZwgy{MV OZOm{V¶m± (4) Cnamo³V g^r
314. {ZåZ{b{IV H$WZm| na {dMma H$s{OE-
308. {Z…e³V ~mbH$m| H$s {ejm Ho$ {bE àmdYmZ {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡- 1. ~m~y OJOrdZam‘ N>mÌmdmg ¶moOZm H$m CÔoí¶ AZwgy{MV Om{V,
(1) g‘mdo{eV {ejm Ûmam OZOm{V Ho$ ~mbH$ Am¡a ~m{bH$mAm| Ho$ {bE N>mÌmdmg H$s gw{dYm
(2) ‘w»¶ Ymam ‘| S>mbH$a CnbãY H$amZm h¡&
(3) g‘mH$bZ Ûmam 2. {ejm Ho$ joÌ ‘| gdmªJrU {dH$mg gw{Z{íMV H$aZo Ho$ {bE 26 {gVå~a,
(4) BZ‘| go H$moB© Zht 1985 H$mo$ ‘mZd g§gmYZ {dH$mg ‘ÝÌmb¶ H$s ñWmnZm H$s JB© Wr&
3. bmoH$VÝÌmË‘H$ àUmbr H$s g’$bVm Ho$ {bE bmoJm| H$m {e{jV hmoZm
309. H$‘Omoa dJ© Ho$ ~mbH$ go VmËn¶© h¡- Amdí¶H$ Zht h¡&
(1) Eogo A[^^mdH$m| Ho$ ~mbH$m| go, {OZH$r dm{f©H$ Am¶ H$‘ h¡& Cnamo³V H$WZm| ‘| H$m¡Zgm/go H$WZ ghr h¡/h¢?
(2) Eogo A[^^mdH$m| Ho$ ~mbH$m| go, Omo d§{MV dJ© ‘| AmVo h¢& (1) Ho$db 2 (2) 2 Am¡a 3
(3) Eogo A{^^mdH$m| Ho$ ~mbH$m| go, Omo Jar~r aoIm go ZrMo H$s gr‘m ‘| AmVo (3) 1 Am¡a 2 (4) ¶o g^r
h¢&
(4) Eogo A[^^mdH$m| Ho$ ~mbH$m| go, Omo gaH$ma Ûmam {ZYm©[aV ݶyZV‘ gr‘m 315. {Z~©b dJ© ‘| em{‘b {H$¶m J¶m h¡-
H$s dm{f©H$ Am¶ H$s gr‘m go ZrMo Ho$ dJ© ‘| AmVo h¡§& 1. ^y{‘{dhrZ ‘OXÿa
2. n[adma, {OZHo$ nmg AZm{W©H$ ^y{‘ H$s IoVr~m‹S>r hmo
310. {ZåZ ‘| go H$m¡Zgr {deofVm gm‘m{OH$ ê$n go d§{MV dJ© Ho$ {dÚm{W©¶m| 3. Eogo g‘yh, {OÝh| Eo{Vhm{gH$ VWm Aݶ go {nN>‹S>o d AZwËnmXH$ joÌm| ‘|
H$s Zht h¡? ahZm n‹S>m, O¡go- AZwgy{MV OZOm{V
(1) ~mbH$m| H$s XoI^mb Ho$ AZw^d CÝh| ñHy$b Ho$ {bE à^mdembr T>§J go Hy$Q>-
V¡¶ma Zht H$aVo& (1) Ho$db 1
(2) {Z¶{‘V ñdmñ϶ gå~ÝYr XoI^mb Zht {‘bVr& (2) Ho$db 2
(3) ì¶mnH$ Ed§ {d{dY AZw^dm| H$mo àmßV H$aZo H$m ‘m¡H$m Zht {‘bVm& (3) 1 Am¡a 2
(4) {dÚmb¶ ‘| AÀN>m H$aZo Ho$ {bE A{^ào[aV Zht {H$¶m OmVm& (4) 1,2 Am¡a 3

304. 305. 306. 307. 308. 309. 310. 311. 312. 313. 314. 315.
(4) (3) (4) (4) (1) (4) (2) (3) (4) (3) (3) (4)
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&

n¥îR> 250 {d{eîQ> ~mbH$ àJʶ

¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
316. amÁ¶ {Z~©b dJm] Ho$ bmoJm| H$s {ejm d Am{W©H$ {hVm| H$mo ܶmZnyd©H$ Cnamo³V H$WZm| ‘| H$m¡Zgm/go H$WZ ghr h¡/h¢?
CÝZV H$aoJm Am¡a {deof ê$n go AZwgy{MV Om{V¶m| VWm AZwgy{MV (1) Ho$db 1 (2) Ho$db 2
OZOm{V¶m| H$s Am¡a CZH$s gm‘m{OH$ ݶm¶ VWm g^r àH$ma Ho$ (3) 1 Am¡a 2 (4) Z Vmo 1 Am¡a Z hr 2
emofUm| go ajm H$aoJm& Cnamo³V H$WZ g§{dYmZ Ho$ {H$g AZwÀN>oX go 322. AZwgy{MV OZOm{V¶m| H$s à‘wI g‘ñ¶m h¡-
gå~pÝYV h¡? (1) Am{W©H$ {nN>‹S>mnZ (2) e¡j{UH$ ê$n go {nN>‹S>mnZ
(1) AZwÀN>oX 46 (2) AZwÀN>oX 44 (3) 1 Am¡a 2 XmoZm| (4) BZ‘| go H$moB© Zht
(3) AZwÀN>oX 49 (4) AZwÀN>oX 50
323. {ZåZ{b{IV H$WZmo§ na {dMma H$s{OE-
317. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go {H$g AZwÀN>oX Ho$ AÝVJ©V AZwgy{MV Om{V¶m| Am¡a 1. AZwgy{MV OZOm{V¶m| go Ame¶ CZ OZOm{V¶m| go h¡, Omo g§{dYmZ H$s

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AZwgy{MV OZOm{V¶m| Ho$ {bE Zm¡H$ar ‘| AmajU H$s ì¶dñWm H$s AZwgyMr ‘| {deof gw{dYm àmßV H$aZo Ho$ {bE gyMr~Õ H$s JB© h¢&
JB© h¡? 2. ^maV ‘| OZOm{V¶m± Am{W©H$ ê$n go {nN>‹S>r hþB© h¢&
(1) AZwÀN>oX 332 (2) AZwÀN>oX 342 Cnamo³V H$WZm| ‘| H$m¡Zgm/go H$WZ ghr h¡/h¢?
(3) AZwÀN>oX 335 (4) BZ‘| go H$moB© Zht (1) Ho$db 1
(2) Ho$db 2
318. {ZåZ{b{IV H$WZm| na {dMma H$s{OE- (3) 1 Am¡a 2
1. OZOmVr¶ joÌm| ‘| {deof {dÚmb¶ ñWm{nV {H$E OmE&
(4) Z Vmo 1 Am¡a Z hr 2
2. OZOm{V¶m| H$s {ejm ì¶dñWm ‘| hñV{b{n H$m {deof ܶmZ {X¶m OmE& www.praganya.org
Cnamo³V H$WZm| ‘| H$m¡Zgm/go T>o~a g{‘{V go gå~{ÝYV h¡/h¢? 324. {ZåZ{b{IV H$WZm| na {dMma H$s{OE-
(1) Ho$db 1 (2) Ho$db 2 1. amîQ´>r¶ {ejm Zr{V CZ ì¶p³V¶m| H$s {d{eîQ> Amdí¶H$VmAm| na ܶmZ
(3) 1 Am¡a 2 (4) Z Vmo 1 Am¡a Z hr 2 XoH$a {df‘VmAm| H$mo Xÿa H$aZo VWm e¡{jH$ Adgam| H$mo g‘mZ H$aZo na
~b XoVr h¡, Omo A~ VH$ g‘mZVm go d§{MV aho h¢&
319. EH$ {e{jH$m H$s H$jm ‘| Hw$N> emar[aH$ {dH$bm§JVm dmbo ~ÀMo h¢& 2. {nN>‹S>o dJ© Ho$ CËWmZ Ho$ {bE {ejm H$moB© gmYZ Zht h¡&
{ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go CgHo$ {bE ³¶m H$hZm g~go C{MV hmoJm? Cnamo³V H$WZm| ‘| H$m¡Zgm/go H$WZ ghr h¡/h¢?
(1) nmo{b¶moJ«ñV ~ÀMo A~ EH$ JmZm àñVwV H$a|Jo& (1) Ho$db 1 ~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg
(2) n{h¶m-Hw$gu dmbo ~ÀMo hm°b ‘| OmZo Ho$ {bE AnZo g‘d¶ñH$ gmWr (2) Ho$db 2
nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m
h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
~ÀMm| go ‘XX bo gH$Vo h¢& (3) 1 Am¡a 2 àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ>
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(3) emar[aH$ ê$n go Agw{dYmJ«ñV ~ÀMo H$jm ‘| hr H$moB© d¡H$pënH$ J{V{d{Y www.praganya.org
(4) Z Vmo 1 Am¡a Z hr 2 na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF
H$a gH$Vo h¢& S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
(4) ‘mohZ Iob Ho$ ‘¡XmZ ‘| OmZo Ho$ {bE Amn AnZr ~¡gm{I¶m| H$m à¶moJ 325. {ZåZ{b{IV H$WZm| na {dMma H$s{OE-
³¶m| Zht H$aVo? 1. {ejH$ H$mo g‘mO H$s g§H$sU©Vm VWm {nN>‹S>onZ H$m kmZ hmoZm Mm{hE&
2. {ejH$ H$mo ~mbH$m| ‘| gm‘m{OH$ n[a{ñW{V¶m| Ho$ H$maU CËnÝZ hrZVm
320. {ZåZ{b{IV H$WZm| na {dMma H$s{OE- Ed§ CÀMVm H$s ^mdZm-J«{ÝW¶m| H$mo Zht nZnZo XoZm Mm{hE&
1. T>o~a g{‘{V H$m JR>Z AZwgy{MV Om{V¶m| VWm OZOm{V¶m| H$s {ejm H$s 3. {ejH$ H$mo g^r dJm] Ho$ ~ÀMm| Ho$ gmW g‘mZ ì¶dhma H$aZm Mm{hE&
dmñV{dH$ {ñW{V OmZZo Ho$ {bE {H$¶m J¶m Wm& Cnamo³V H$WZm| ‘| H$m¡Zgm/go H$WZ ghr h¡/h¢?
2. T>o~a g{‘{V Zo n«mW{‘H$ {ejm Ho$ {dH$mg na ~b {X¶m& (1) Ho$db 2 (2) 2 Am¡a 3
Cnamo³V H$WZm| ‘| H$m¡Zgm/go H$WZ ghr h¡/h¢? (3) 1 Am¡a 2 (4) ¶o g^r
(1) Ho$db 1 (2) Ho$db 2
(3) 1 Am¡a 2 (4) Z Vmo 1 Am¡a Z hr 2 326. AmnH$s H$jm H$m EH$ N>mÌ ‘mohZ ~mobVo g‘¶ hH$bmVm h¡& Amn CgH$s
{ejm Ho$ à~ÝYZ hoVw ³¶m Amdí¶H$ H$X‘ CR>mE±Jo?
321. {ZåZ H$WZm| na {dMma H$s{OE- (1) Cg‘| Aܶ¶Z H$s JbV AmXVm| na {Z¶ÝÌU H$amE±Jo&
1. nwñVH$ ~¢H$ ¶moOZm AZwgy{MV Om{V VWm AZwgy{MV OZOm{V Ho$ N>mÌm| (2) àYmZmMm¶© go CgH$s {eH$m¶V H$a|Jo&
Ho$ {bE àmaå^ H$s JB© Wr& (3) CgH$mo H$jm go ~mha OmH$a n‹T>Zo H$mo H$h|Jo&
2. ¶h ¶moOZm ‘o{S>H$b/BÝOr{Z¶[a¨J H$m°boO Ho$ N>mÌm| Ho$ {bE àmaå^ H$s (4) {deof eãXm| Ho$ CÀMmaU H$mo Cggo EH$ ~ma ‘| hr n‹T>Zo H$mo H$h|Jo&
JB© Wr&

316. 317. 318. 319. 320. 321. 322. 323. 324. 325. 326.
(1) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (1) (4) (1)
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
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àJʶ {d[eîQ> ~mbH$ n¥îR> 251

327. AmnH$s H$jm Ho$ EH$ N>mÌ H$mo ~hþV Jwñgm AmVm h¡, Bg {ñW{V ‘|
Amn ³¶m H$a|Jo?
(1) CgH$m Zm‘ {dÚmb¶ go H$Q>dm X|Jo&
(2) Cgo ~hþV A{YH$ J¥h H$m¶© X|Jo&
(3) Cgo emar[aH$ XÊS> X|Jo {Oggo {H$ dh Xmo~mam Jwñgm Z H$ao&
(4) H$jm ‘§o emÝV Ed§ IweZw‘m dmVmdaU ~ZmE±Jo, Vm{H$ N>mÌ ñd¶§ H$mo
gwa{jV ‘hgyg H$ao&
328. H$moR>mar {ejm Am¶moJ Zo g‘Vm‘ybH$ g‘mO ‘| H$‘Omoa dJ© H$m emofU
H$‘ go H$‘ hmoZo Ho$ {b¶o gmYZ ~Vm¶m h¡-
(1) Bg dJ© H$mo {ejm Ho$ Hw$N> gmYZ CnbãY hmo&
(2) Bg dJ© Ho$ {bE {ejm Ho$ Adgam| H$s g‘mZVm ñWm{nV H$s Om¶o&
(3) Bg dJ© H$s {ejm Ho$ {bE n¥WH²$ go ì¶dñWm H$s Om¶o&
(4) Bg dJ© Ho$ {bE àmW{‘H$ {ejm gwb^ H$amB© Om¶o&
329. AZwgy{MV OZOm{V¶m| H$s {ejm ‘| ^mfm H$s H${R>ZmB© Xÿa H$aZo hoVw
T>o~a Am¶moJ Zo ³¶m gwPmd {X¶m Wm?
(1) joÌ-{deof H$s ~mo{b¶m| H$mo H$jm 1 go 2 ‘| {ejm H$m ‘mܶ‘ ~Zm¶m
Om¶o&
(2) joÌ-{deof H$s ~mo{b¶m| d OZOrdZ go gå~pÝYV à{ejU {ejH$m| H$mo
{X¶m Om¶o&
(3) ‘mV¥^mfm ‘| àma{å^H$ {ejm Xr Om¶o&
(4) Cnamo³V g^r
{ZX}e(àíZ g§»¶m 330 go 362)- ZrMo {XE JE à˶oH$ àíZ ‘| EH$ H$WZ
Ed§ H$maU {X¶m J¶m h¡& ܶmZnyd©H$ n‹T>H$a Hy$Q> H$s ghm¶Vm go ghr CÎma H$m
M¶Z H$s{OE&
330. H$WZ (A) J^m©dñWm ‘| hr ~mbH$m| Ho$ emar[aH$ {dH$mg Ho$ gmW ldU
j‘Vm H$m {dH$mg hmoVm h¡&
H$maU (R) OÝ‘ Ho$ ~mX ^r ldU h{S²>S>¶m± H$B© H$maUm| go j{VJ«ñV hmo
gH$Vr h¡&
(1) A Am¡a R XmoZm| ghr h¢ VWm R, A H$s ghr ì¶m»¶m h¡&
(2) A Am¡a R XmoZm| ghr h¢, naÝVw R, A H$s ghr ì¶m»¶m Zht h¡&
(3) A ghr h¡, {H$ÝVw R JbV h¡&
(4) A JbV h¡, {H$ÝVw R ghr h¡&
331. H$WZ (A) O~ Agm‘m{OH$ àgd {H$gr H$maU go hmoVm h¡, Vmo {H$gr
A§J ‘| njmKmV hmo gH$Vm h¡§&
H$maU (R) H$U© ‘| njmKmV hmoZo go ~{YaVm CËnÝZ hmo gH$Vr h¡&
(1) A Am¡a R XmoZm| ghr h¢ VWm R, A H$s ghr ì¶m»¶m h¡&
(2) A Am¡a R XmoZm| ghr h¢, naÝVw R, A H$s ghr ì¶m»¶m Zht h¡&
(3) A ghr h¡, {H$ÝVw R JbV h¡&
(4) A JbV h¡, {H$ÝVw R ghr h¡&
332. H$WZ (A) ^maV ‘| H$ar~ 50 bmI ~mbH$ emar[aH$ VWm ‘mZ{gH$
Vm¡a na {dH$bm§J h¡&
H$maU (R) {dH$bm§J ~mbH$m| H$m ì¶mdgm{¶H$ {ejU, à{ejU VWm
Or{dH$monmO©Z H$aZm A{Zdm¶© h¡&
(1) A Am¡a R XmoZm| ghr h¢ VWm R, A H$s ghr ì¶m»¶m h¡&
(2) A Am¡a R XmoZm| ghr h¢, naÝVw R, A H$s ghr ì¶m»¶m Zht h¡&
(3) A ghr h¡, {H$ÝVw R JbV h¡&
(4) A JbV h¡, {H$ÝVw R ghr h¡&
333. H$WZ (A) ^maVr¶ nwZdm©g n[afX² H$s ñWmnZm df© 1986 ‘| hþB©&
H$maU (R) ¶h {dH$bm§J OZm| H$m {ejU, à{ejU VWm nwZdm©g H$r
ì¶dñWm H$aVr h¡&
(1) A Am¡a R XmoZm| ghr h¢ VWm R, A H$s ghr ì¶m»¶m h¡&
(2) A Am¡a R XmoZm| ghr h¢, naÝVw R, A H$s ghr ì¶m»¶m Zht h¡&
(3) A ghr h¡, {H$ÝVw R JbV h¡&
(4) A JbV h¡, {H$ÝVw R ghr h¡&
334. H$WZ (A) {d{eîQ> ~mbH$m| H$s j‘VmAm| Ho$ AmYma na CZHo$ {ejU
VWm à{ejU H$r ì¶dñWm hmoZr Mm{hE&
H$maU (R) Cnamo³V V϶ {d{eîQ> {ejm Ho$ ‘hÎd H$s Amoa B§{JV H$aVm h¡&
Hy$Q>-
(1) A Am¡a R XmoZm| ghr h¢ VWm R, A H$s ghr ì¶m»¶m h¡&
(2) A Am¡a R XmoZm| ghr h¢, naÝVw R, A H$s ghr ì¶m»¶m Zht h¡&
(3) A ghr h¡, {H$ÝVw R JbV h¡&
(4) A JbV h¡, {H$ÝVw R ghr h¡&
335. H$WZ (A) {d{eîQ> ~mbH$m| H$s$ {ejm Ho$ CÔoí¶ gmYmaU ~mbH$m| Ho$
g‘mZ hr hmoVo h¢&
H$maU (R) EH$ Aj‘ ~mbH$ H$s g^r Amdí¶H$VmE± gm‘mݶ ~mbH$ Ho$
g‘mZ hr hmoVr h¢&
Hy$Q>-
(1) A Am¡a R XmoZm| ghr h¢ VWm R, A H$s ghr ì¶m»¶m h¡&
(2) A Am¡a R XmoZm| ghr h¢, naÝVw R, A H$s ghr ì¶m»¶m Zht h¡&
(3) A ghr h¡, {H$ÝVw R JbV h¡&
(4) A JbV h¡, {H$ÝVw R ghr h¡&
336. H$WZ (A) ‘m[a¶m ‘m°ÊQ>ogar Zo àmapå^H$ {ejm na ~b {X¶m&
H$maU (R) {d{eîQ> ~mbH$m§o go gå~pÝYV {ejm ‘m°ÊQ>ogar {ejm H$hbmVr h¡&
Hy$Q>-
(1) A Am¡a R XmoZm| ghr h¢ VWm R, A H$s ghr ì¶m»¶m h¡&
(2) A Am¡a R XmoZm| ghr h¢, naÝVw R, A H$s ghr ì¶m»¶m Zht h¡&
(3) A ghr h¡, {H$ÝVw R JbV h¡&
(4) A JbV h¡, {H$ÝVw R ghr h¡&

327. 328. 329. 330. 331. 332. 333. 334. 335. 336.
(4) (2) (4) (2) (2) (4) (1) (1) (2) (2)
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&

n¥îR> 252 {d{eîQ> ~mbH$ àJʶ

¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
337. H$WZ (A) {d{eîQ> ~mbH$ gm‘mݶ ~mbH$m| H$mo Xr OmZo dmbr [ejm
go à^m{dV VWm bm^mpÝdV Zht hmoVo h¢&
H$maU (R) ¶mo½¶ à{e{jV àmܶmnH$m| Ho$ A^md, {dÚmb¶ ‘| H$jmAm| VWm
grQ>m| H$s Cn¶w³V g§»¶m H$m A^md à‘wI g‘ñ¶m h¡&
Hy$Q>-
(1) A Am¡a R XmoZm| ghr h¢ VWm R, A H$s ghr ì¶m»¶m h¡&
(2) A Am¡a R XmoZm| ghr h¢, naÝVw R, A H$s ghr ì¶m»¶m Zht h¡&
(3) A ghr h¡, {H$ÝVw R JbV h¡&
(4) A JbV h¡, {H$ÝVw R ghr h¡&
342. H$WZ (A) {d{eîQ> ~mbH$ ‘ybV… Aݶ ~mbH$m| Ho$ g‘mZ hmoVo h¢&
H$maU (R) {d{eîQ> ~mbH$m| H$s {d{eîQ> nhMmZ hmoVr h¡& {d{eîQ> ~mbH$m| Ho$
{bE ì¶p³VJV {ZX}eZ H$s Amdí¶H$Vm hmoVr h¡&
Hy$Q>-
(1) A Am¡a R XmoZm| ghr h¢ VWm R, A H$s ghr ì¶m»¶m h¡&
(2) A Am¡a R XmoZm| ghr h¢, naÝVw R, A H$s ghr ì¶m»¶m Zht h¡&
(3) A ghr h¡, {H$ÝVw R JbV h¡&
(4) A JbV h¡, {H$ÝVw R ghr h¡&
343. H$WZ (A) {OZH$s emar[aH$-‘mZ{gH$ ~w{Õ, ‘m±gno{e¶m| H$s j‘VmE±

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338. H$WZ (A) {d{eîQ> ~mbH$m| H$s {ejm Ho$ {bE {d{eîQ> ì¶dñWm H$aZo A{ÛVr¶ hmoVr h¢, {d{eîQ> ~mbH$ H$hbmVo h¢&
H$s Amdí¶H$Vm Zht hmoVr h¡& H$maU (R) {d{eîQ> ~mbH$ ~‹S>r AmgmZr go Aݶ ~mbH$m| Ho$ ‘ܶ nhMmZo
H$maU (R) nhbo à{V^membr ~mbH$m| H$mo AndmXr ~mbH$ ‘mZm OmVm Wm& Om gH$Vo h¢&
Hy$Q>- Hy$Q>-
(1) A Am¡a R XmoZm| ghr h¢ VWm R, A H$s ghr ì¶m»¶m h¡& (1) A Am¡a R XmoZm| ghr h¢ VWm R, A H$s ghr ì¶m»¶m h¡&&
(2) A Am¡a R XmoZm| ghr h¢, naÝVw R, A H$s ghr ì¶m»¶m Zht h¡& (2) A Am¡a R XmoZm| ghr h¢, naÝVw R, A H$s ghr ì¶m»¶m Zht h¡&
(3) A ghr h¡, {H$ÝVw R JbV h¡& (3) A ghr h¡, {H$ÝVw R JbV h¡&
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(4) A JbV h¡, {H$ÝVw R ghr h¡& (4) A JbV h¡, {H$ÝVw R ghr h¡&
344. H$WZ (A) àmapå^H$ ñHy$b Ho$ gm‘mݶ ~mbH$m| ‘| go 10% ~mbH$
339. H$WZ (A) ímmar[aH$ d¥{Îm go J«ñV ~mbH$ Aj‘ ~mbH$ H$hbmVo h¢&
H$maU (R) ‘mZ{gH$ Vm¡a na {nN>‹S>m ~mbH$ ‘ÝX-~w{Õ ~mbH$ H$hbmVm h¡&
emar[aH$ ¶m ‘mZ{gH$ hrZVm go J«ñV {XImB© n‹S>|Jo&
H$maU (R) {d{eîQ> ~mbH$ gm‘mݶ ~mbH$m| Ho$ n¶m©daUr¶ n[adoe ‘| hr
Hy$Q>-
nbVo h¢&
(1) A Am¡a R XmoZm| ghr h¢ VWm R, A H$s ghr ì¶m»¶m h¡&
Hy$Q>-
(2) A Am¡a R XmoZm| ghr h¢, naÝVw R, A H$s ghr ì¶m»¶m Zht h¡&
(1) A Am¡a R XmoZm| ghr h¢ VWm R, A H$s ghr ì¶m»¶m h¡&
(3) A ghr h¡, {H$ÝVw R JbV h¡&
(2) A Am¡a R XmoZm| ghr h¢, naÝVw R, A H$s ghr ì¶m»¶m Zht h¡&
(4) A JbV h¡, {H$ÝVw R ghr h¡&
(3) A ghr h¡, {H$ÝVw R JbV h¡&
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340. H$WZ (A) O~ {H$gr ~mbH$ H$mo {d{eîQ> ~mbH$ H$hm OmVm h¡, Vmo (4) A JbV h¡, {H$ÝVw R ghr h¡&
dh Am¡gV ~mbH$m| go AbJ bjU dmbm hmoVm h¡& 345. H$WZ (A) gm‘mݶ H$jm Ho$ CnamÝV AܶmnH$m| H$mo AnZm A{YH$V‘
H$maU (R) hH$bmZo dmbo ¶m XmofnyU© dmUr dmbo ~mbH$ {d{eîQ> ~mbH$ g‘¶ {d{eîQ> ~mbH$m| H$mo XoZm Mm{hE&
H$hbmVo h¢& H$maU (R) {d{eîQ> ~mbH$ A{YH$-go-A{YH$ g‘¶ {d{eîQ> àmܶmnH$m|
Hy$Q>- Ho$ gmW ah|&
(1) A Am¡a R XmoZm| ghr h¢ VWm R, A H$s ghr ì¶m»¶m h¡& Hy$Q>-
(2) A Am¡a R XmoZm| ghr h¢, naÝVw R, A H$s ghr ì¶m»¶m Zht h¡& (1) A Am¡a R XmoZm| ghr h¢ VWm R, A H$s ghr ì¶m»¶m h¡&
(3) A ghr h¡, {H$ÝVw R JbV h¡& (2) A Am¡a R XmoZm| ghr h¢, naÝVw R, A H$s ghr ì¶m»¶m Zht h¡&
(4) A JbV h¡, {H$ÝVw R ghr h¡& (3) A ghr h¡, {H$ÝVw R JbV h¡&
341. H$WZ (A) {d{eîQ> ~mbH$m| Ho$ {bE {ejm ì¶dñWm H$m Amaå^ (4) A JbV h¡, {H$ÝVw R ghr h¡&
A‘o[aH$m ‘| {H$¶m J¶m& 346. H$WZ (A) {d{eîQ> ~mbH$ H$mo nyU©V¶m {d{eîQ> H$jm ‘| ahZm Mm{hE&
H$maU (R) BgH$m dmñV{dH$ Amaå^ ¶yamonr¶ {M{H$ËgH$m| Zo {H$¶m& H$maU (R) {ejm A{^ê${M Ho$ AZwgma hmoZr Mm{hE&
Hy$Q>- Hy$Q>-
(1) A Am¡a R XmoZm| ghr h¢ VWm R, A H$s ghr ì¶m»¶m h¡& (1) A Am¡a R XmoZm| ghr h¢ VWm R, A H$s ghr ì¶m»¶m h¡&
(2) A Am¡a R XmoZm| ghr h¢, naÝVw R, A H$s ghr ì¶m»¶m Zht h¡& (2) A Am¡a R XmoZm| ghr h¢, naÝVw R, A H$s ghr ì¶m»¶m Zht h¡&
(3) A ghr h¡, {H$ÝVw R JbV h¡& (3) A ghr h¡, {H$ÝVw R JbV h¡&
(4) A JbV h¡, {H$ÝVw R ghr h¡& (4) A JbV h¡, {H$ÝVw R ghr h¡&
337. 338. 339. 340. 341. 342. 343. 344. 345. 346.
(1) (2) (2) (2) (1) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
àJʶ {d[eîQ> ~mbH$ n¥îR> 253

347. H$WZ (A) {d{eîQ> {ejm Ho$ {bE {deof godm ‘| g‘wXm¶, amîQ´> g^r H$maU (R) A{^ê${M Ho$ {dH$mg Ho$ {bE CÝh| {deof {ejm H$s Amdí¶H$Vm
H$mo ^mJ boZm Mm{hE& hmoVr h¡&
H$maU (R) g^r àH$ma Ho$ {d{eîQ> ~mbH$m| Ho$ {bE {d{eîQ> {ejm H$s Hy$Q>-
ì¶dñWm hmoZr Mm{hE& (1) A Am¡a R XmoZm| ghr h¢ VWm R, A H$s ghr ì¶m»¶m h¡&
Hy$Q>- (2) A Am¡a R XmoZm| ghr h¢, naÝVw R, A H$s ghr ì¶m»¶m Zht h¡&
(1) A Am¡a R XmoZm| ghr h¢ VWm R, A H$s ghr ì¶m»¶m h¡& (3) A ghr h¡, {H$ÝVw R JbV h¡&
(2) A Am¡a R XmoZm| ghr h¢, naÝVw R, A H$s ghr ì¶m»¶m Zht h¡& (4) A JbV h¡, {H$ÝVw R ghr h¡&
(3) A ghr h¡, {H$ÝVw R JbV h¡& 353. H$WZ (A) gm‘mݶ ~mbH$m| H$s$ g‘m¶moOZ H$jm ‘| n[adma Ho$ Aݶ
(4) A JbV h¡, {H$ÝVw R ghr h¡&
gXñ¶m| H$m gmW {H$gr ^r n[a{ñW[V ‘| C{MV Zht h¡&
348. H$WZ (A) ehar VWm J«m‘rU g^r OJhm| na {d{eîQ> {ejm H$s H$maU (R) {d{eîQ> ~mbH$m| H$mo {d{eîQ> gm‘m{OH$ n[a{ñW{V¶m| ‘| {deof
ì¶dñWm hmoZr A{Zdm¶© h¡& n[adV©Z H$s Amdí¶H$Vm Zht hmoVr h¡&
H$maU (R) {d{eîQ> ~mbH$m| H$s nyd© gyMr V¡¶ma hmoZr Mm{hE& Hy$Q>-
Hy$Q>- (1) A Am¡a R XmoZm| ghr h¢ VWm R, A H$s ghr ì¶m»¶m h¡&
(1) A Am¡a R XmoZm| ghr h¢ VWm R, A H$s ghr ì¶m»¶m h¡& (2) A Am¡a R XmoZm| ghr h¢, naÝVw R, A H$s ghr ì¶m»¶m Zht h¡&
(2) A Am¡a R XmoZm| ghr h¢, naÝVw R, A H$s ghr ì¶m»¶m Zht h¡& (3) A ghr h¡, {H$ÝVw R JbV h¡&
(3) A ghr h¡, {H$ÝVw R JbV h¡& (4) A JbV h¡, {H$ÝVw R ghr h¡&
(4) A JbV h¡, {H$ÝVw R ghr h¡& 354. H$WZ (A) Xoe H$m ^{dî¶ AZoH$mZoH$ g‘ñ¶mAm| go J«{gV ahoJm, Vmo
349. H$WZ (A) {d{eîQ> ~mbH$m| H$s {ejm ‘| ñHy$b VWm g‘wXm¶ gmYZm| h‘ {dH${gV VWm gwa{jV ^{dî¶ H$s H$ënZm H¡$go H$a gH$Vo h¢?
H$m gh¶moJ hmoZm Mm{hE& H$maU (R) Amnam{YH$ ~mbH$, ‘mXH$ Ðì¶m| H$m godZ, g‘mO {damoYr
Hy$Q>- ~mbH$ B˶m{X Hw$N> Eogr ÁdbZ g‘ñ¶mE± h¢, Omo n[adma, g‘mO H$mo
(1) A Am¡a R XmoZm| ghr h¢ VWm R, A H$s ghr ì¶m»¶m h¡& à^m{dV H$aVr h¢&
(2) A Am¡a R XmoZm| ghr h¢, naÝVw R, A H$s ghr ì¶m»¶m Zht h¡& Hy$Q>-
(3) A ghr h¡, {H$ÝVw R JbV h¡& (1) A Am¡a R XmoZm| ghr h¢ VWm R, A H$s ghr ì¶m»¶m h¡&
(4) A JbV h¡, {H$ÝVw R ghr h¡& (2) A Am¡a R XmoZm| ghr h¢, naÝVw R, A H$s ghr ì¶m»¶m Zht h¡&
(3) A ghr h¡, {H$ÝVw R JbV h¡&
350. H$WZ (A) {d{eîQ> ~mbH$m| H$mo bJmVma ào[aV H$aVo ahZo dmbo (4) A JbV h¡, {H$ÝVw R ghr h¡&
dmVmdaU H$s Amdí¶H$Vm hmoVr h¡&
355. H$WZ (A) nmR>embm ‘| ~mbH$m| H$mo ñdñW ‘Zmoa§OZ Ho$ gmYZ
H$maU (R) {d{eîQ> ~mbH$m§o ‘| àoaUm H$m A^md hmoVm h¡&
Hy$Q>- CnbãY H$amZo Mm{hE&
(1) A Am¡a R XmoZm| ghr h¢ VWm R, A H$s ghr ì¶m»¶m h¡& H$maU (R) AnamYr ~mbH$m| H$s ‘Zmod¥{Îm Ho$ gwYma ‘| {dbå~ Zht hmoZm
(2) A Am¡a R XmoZm| ghr h¢, naÝVw R, A H$s ghr ì¶m»¶m Zht h¡& Mm{hE AݶWm dh Jå^ra ê$n YmaU H$a gH$Vm h¡&
(3) A ghr h¡, {H$ÝVw R JbV h¡& Hy$Q>-
(4) A JbV h¡, {H$ÝVw R ghr h¡& (1) A Am¡a R XmoZm| ghr h¢ VWm R, A H$s ghr ì¶m»¶m h¡&
(2) A Am¡a R XmoZm| ghr h¢, naÝVw R, A H$s ghr ì¶m»¶m Zht h¡&
351. H$WZ (A) AndmXr ~mbH$ gm‘mݶ H$jm go bm^mpÝdV Zht hmoVo h¢ (3) A ghr h¡, {H$ÝVw R JbV h¡&
H$maU (R) {d{eîQ> ~mbH$m| H$mo {d{eîQ> nmR²>¶H«$‘m| H$s Amdí¶H$Vm hmoVr h¡& (4) A JbV h¡, {H$ÝVw R ghr h¡&
Hy$Q>- 356. H$WZ (A) à{V^m gånÝZ ~mbH$ àm¶… CÀM ~w{Õ-bpãY Ho$ hmoVo h¢&
(1) A Am¡a R XmoZm| ghr h¢ VWm R, A H$s ghr ì¶m»¶m h¡& H$maU (R) BZH$m eãX ^ÊS>ma ~hþV {demb hmoVm h¡&
(2) A Am¡a R XmoZm| ghr h¢, naÝVw R, A H$s ghr ì¶m»¶m Zht h¡¡& Hy$Q>-
(3) A ghr h¡, {H$ÝVw R JbV h¡& (1) A Am¡a R XmoZm| ghr h¢ VWm R, A H$s ghr ì¶m»¶m h¡&
(4) A JbV h¡, {H$ÝVw R ghr h¡& (2) A Am¡a R XmoZm| ghr h¢, naÝVw R, A H$s ghr ì¶m»¶m Zht h¡&
352. H$WZ (A) {d{eîQ ~mbH$m| H$s A{^ê${M¶m± gm‘mݶ go {^ÝZ hmoVr h¢& (3) A ghr h¡, {H$ÝVw R JbV h¡&
(4) A JbV h¡, {H$ÝVw R ghr h¡&
347. 348. 349. 350. 351. 352. 353. 354. 355. 356.
(2) (2) (2) (1) (1) (2) (4) (2) (2) (2)
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&

n¥îR> 254 {d{eîQ> ~mbH$ àJʶ

¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
357. H$WZ (A) g¥OZmË‘H$Vm H$mo ‘mnm Om gH$Vm h¡&
H$maU (R) g¥OZmË‘H$ ~mbH$m| H$s ~w{Õ H$m ñVa CÀM hmoVm h¡&
Hy$Q>-
(1) A Am¡a R XmoZm| ghr h¢ VWm R, A H$s ghr ì¶m»¶m h¡&
(2) A Am¡a R XmoZm| ghr h¢, naÝVw R, A H$s ghr ì¶m»¶m Zht h¡&
(3) A ghr h¡, {H$ÝVw R JbV h¡&
(4) A JbV h¡, {H$ÝVw R ghr h¡&
358. H$WZ (A) à{V^mdmZ ~mbH$ gm‘m{OH$ ì¶dhma Ho$ ‘m‘bo ‘| H$‘Omoa
hmoVo h¢&
(2) A Am¡a R XmoZm| ghr h¢, naÝVw R, A H$s ghr ì¶m»¶m Zht h¡&
(3) A ghr h¡, {H$ÝVw R JbV h¡&
(4) A JbV h¡, {H$ÝVw R ghr h¡&
362. H$WZ (A) à{V^membr àdrU ~mbH$ dh h¡, Omo ~w{Õ g‘oV Aݶ
gm‘m{OH$ joÌm| ‘| loîR>Vm àm{ßV H$s n¶m©ßV j‘Vm aIVm hmo&
H$maU (R) à{V^membr ~mbH$ {H$gr ^r H$m¶© joÌ ‘| AX²^wV àdrUVm H$m
n[aM¶ XoVm h¡&
Hy$Q>-
(1) A Am¡a R XmoZm| ghr h¢ VWm R, A H$s ghr ì¶m»¶m h¡&

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H$maU (R) nR>Z-nmR>Z ‘| Vrd« j‘Vm dmbo hmoVo h¢& (2) A Am¡a R XmoZm| ghr h¢, naÝVw R, A H$s ghr ì¶m»¶m Zht h¡&
Hy$Q>- (3) A ghr h¡, {H$ÝVw R JbV h¡&
(1) A Am¡a R XmoZm| ghr h¢ VWm R, A H$s ghr ì¶m»¶m h¡& (4) A JbV h¡, {H$ÝVw R ghr h¡&
(2) A Am¡a R XmoZm| ghr h¢, naÝVw R, A H$s ghr ì¶m»¶m Zht h¡&
(3) A ghr h¡, {H$ÝVw R JbV h¡& 363. {ZåZ{b{IV H$WZm| na {dMma H$s{OE-
(4) A JbV h¡, {H$ÝVw R ghr h¡& 1. ~{Ya ~mbH$m| Ho$ {bE {d{dY ^mfmAm| ‘| nÌmMma nmR²>¶H«$‘ CnbãY h¢&
2. A{^^mdH$m| Ho$ {bE gånH©$ à{ejU H$m¶©H«$‘m| H$s H$moB© Img Amdí¶H$Vm
359. H$WZ (A) à{V^mdmZ ~mbH$ g§doJmË‘H$ ê$n go {ñWa hmoZo Ho$ H$maU Zht h¡&
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¶moOZm {Z‘m©U VWm CgHo$ {H«$¶mÝd¶Z ‘| ghm¶H$ hmoVo h¢& Cnamo³V H$WZm| ‘| H$m¡Zgm/go H$WZ g˶ h¡/h¢?
H$maU (R) do AnZo H$m¶m] H$s VwbZm ~‹S>o H$m¶m] go H$aVo h¢ VWm CZ‘| (1) Ho$db 1 (2) Ho$db 2
ñdAmbmoMZm H$s e{³V hmoVr h¡& (3) 1 Am¡a 2 (4) Z Vmo 1 Am¡a Z hr 2
Hy$Q>-
(1) A Am¡a R XmoZm| ghr h¢ VWm R, A H$s ghr ì¶m»¶m h¡& 364. {ZåZ{b{IV H$WZm| na {dMma H$s{OE-
1. ldU j{V¶w³V ~mbH$m| Ho$ {bE n¥WH²$ {dÚmb¶m| H$s ì¶dñWm H$s OmZr
(2) A Am¡a R XmoZm| ghr h¢, naÝVw R, A H$s ghr ì¶m»¶m Zht h¡&
Mm{hE&
(3) A ghr h¡, {H$ÝVw R JbV h¡&
2. H$‘ Jå^ra ê$n go ldU j{V¶w³VVm go nr{‹S>V ~mbH$ H$jm Ho$ AÝVJ©V
(4) A JbV h¡, {H$ÝVw R ghr h¡&
hr {ejm nmVo h¢&
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360. H$WZ (A) à{V^mdmZ ~mbH$ emar[aH$ ñdmñ϶, gm‘m{OH$ AmH$ma Cnamo³V H$WZm| ‘| H$m¡Zgm/go H$WZ ghr h¡/h¢?
VWm ep³V ‘| àm¶… Aݶ ~mbH$m§o go AÀN>o hmoVo h¢& (1) Ho$db 1 (2) Ho$db 2
H$maU (R) ¶o àm¶… ^mfm {dH$mg A{^ì¶p³V ‘| AÀN>o hmoVo h¢ VWm CZH$s (3) 1 Am¡a 2 (4) Z Vmo 1 Am¡a Z hr 2
grIZo H$s j‘Vm A{YH$ hmoVr h¡&
365. {ZåZ{b{IV H$WZm| na {dMma H$s{OE-
Hy$Q>-
1. ldU {dH$bm§JVm amoH$Zo Ho$ {bE ~mbH$m| H$m à{V~ÝYmË‘H$ Q>rH$mH$aU
(1) A Am¡a R XmoZm| ghr h¢ VWm R, A H$s ghr ì¶m»¶m h¡&
{ZpíMV g‘¶ na H$am¶m OmE&&
(2) A Am¡a R XmoZm| ghr h¢, naÝVw R, A H$s ghr ì¶m»¶m Zht h¡&
2. {ZH$Q>V‘ gå~pÝY¶m| Ho$ gmW d¡dm{hH$ [aíVo Z ñWm{nV {H$E OmE&
(3) A ghr h¡, {H$ÝVw R JbV h¡&
3. ~mbH$m| H$mo OÝ‘ XoVo g‘¶ J^©dVr ‘{hbmE± à{e{jV XmB¶m| H$s hr godm
(4) A JbV h¡, {H$ÝVw R ghr h¡&
bo&
361. H$WZ (A) d¡go ~mbH$ à{V^membr VWm àdrU hmoVo h¢, Omo ‘mZd Cnamo³V H$WZm| ‘| H$m¡Zgm/go H$WZ ghr h¡/h¢?
ì¶dhma Ho$ à˶oH$ joÌ ‘| Eogm CÎm‘ {ZînmXZ H$aVo h¢, Omo ‘mZd (1) Ho$db 1 (2) Ho$db 2
(3) 1 Am¡a 2 (4) ¶o g^r
g‘mO Ho$ {bE ‘hÎdnyU© hmoVm h¡¡&
H$maU (R) Hw$emJ« ~w{Õ VWm à{V^mdmZ ~mbH$ dh h¡, Omo {ZaÝVa {H$gr 366. {ZåZ{b{IV H$WZm| na {dMma H$s{OE-
^r H$m¶© joÌ ‘| H$m¶©j‘Vm H$m n[aM¶ Zht Xo nmVm h¡& 1. ldU j{V¶w³V ~mbH$m| H$mo e¡[jH$ VWm ì¶mdgm{¶H$ {ZX}eZ H$s
Hy$Q>- Amdí¶H$Vm h¡&
(1) A Am¡a R XmoZm| ghr h¢ VWm R, A H$s ghr ì¶m»¶m h¡& 2. ~mbH$m| H$s A{^ê${M VWm ¶mo½¶Vm H$m ܶmZ aIZm Mm{hE&

357. 358. 359. 360. 361. 362. 363. 364. 365. 366.
(2) (1) (1) (2) (3) (3) (1) (3) (4) (3)
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
àJʶ {d[eîQ> ~mbH$ n¥îR> 255

Cnamo³V H$WZm| ‘| H$m¡Zgm/go H$WZ ghr h¡/h¢? 370. {ZåZ{b{IV H$WZm| na {dMma H$s{OE-
(1) Ho$db 1 (2) Ho$db 2 1. A{YJ‘ Ag‘Wu ~mbH$m| Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘| {M{H$ËgH$ Ûmam {XE JE N>moQ>o-
(3) 1 Am¡a 2 (4) Z Vmo 1 Am¡a Z hr 2 N>moQ>o gwPmdm| H$m n«¶moJ H$aZm Mm{hE&
2. g§Ho$Vm| VWm eãXm| H$mo a§JrZ ~Zm¶m OmZm Mm{hE&
367. gw‘o{bV H$s{OE- 3. ~mbH$m| H$mo grImZo ‘| {MÌm| H$m A{YH$m{YH$ à¶moJ hmo&
4. eãXm| VWm b¶ ‘| ~mbH$m| H$mo JrV grIm¶m OmE&
gyMr I gyMr II Cnamo³V H$WZm| ‘| H$m¡Zgo H$WZ ghr h¢?
A. {dH$bm§J nwZdm©g n[afX² H$s ñWmnZm 1. 2007 (1) 1,2 Am¡a 3 (2) 2,3 Am¡a 4
B. ^maV Ûmam ¶y. EZ. H$ÝdoÝeZ Am°Z X 2. 1968 (3) 1,3 Am¡a 4 (4) ¶o g^r
amBQ²>g Am°’$ ng©Z {dX {S>gE{~[bQ>r 371. Vmo‹S>-’$mo‹S> H$aZo dmbo ZQ>IQ> N>mÌ H$mo ghr amñVo na bmZo Ho$ {bE
C. hñVmja ~m{YV ~mbH$m| go gå~pÝYV 3. 1986 AmnH$m ³¶m gwPmd h¡?
g{‘{V H$s ñWmnZm (1) Cgo H$jm ‘| g~go AmJo ~¡R>mH$a Cg na bJmVma ZOa aIZr Mm{hE&
D. A‘a Á¶mo{V {dÚmb¶ H$s ñWmnZm 4. 1981 (2) CgH$s grQ> H$jm Ho$ EH$ H$moZo ‘| {ZYm©[aV H$a Xr OmZr Mm{hE&
Hy$Q>- (3) CgH$s àd¥{Îm Ho$ AZwê$n Cgo no‹S>m| H$mo gtMZo, í¶m‘nÅ> H$mo gm’$ H$aZo,
{‘År Ho$ {Ibm¡Zo ~ZmZo Am{X O¡go H$m‘ ‘| bJm¶m OmZm Mm{hE&
A B C D (4) O~ ^r dh ZQ>IQ>nZo H$s H$moB© haH$V H$ao, Cggo ^ar H$jm ‘| BgH$m
(1) 3 1 2 4 H$maU nyN>m OmZm Mm{hE&
(2) 2 4 1 3 372. Amn H$s H$jm ‘§o Hw$N> N>mÌ ~hwV Vrd« ~w{Õ dmbo h¢& H$jm ‘| n‹T>mB© OmZo
(3) 4 1 2 3 dmbr gm‘J«r ‘§o CÝh| H$moB© MwZm¡Vr O¡gr ~mV Zht {‘bVr& Eogo N>mÌm| Ho$
(4) 1 4 3 2 gå~ÝY ‘§o Amn ³¶m H$aZm Mmh|Jo?
(1) CZgo H$h X|Jo {H$ do AnZr BÀN>m Ho$ AZwgma H$jm ‘§o AmE± ¶m Z AmE±&
368. {ZåZ ‘| go H$m¡Zgm ¶w½‘ ghr gw‘o{bV h¡? (2) àYmZmܶmnH$ go H$h|Jo {H$ CZ N>mÌmo§ H$mo AJbr H$jm ‘§o n‹T>m¶m OmE&
(3) CZ N>mÌm| H$mo {deof H$m¶© X|Jo, Omo gm‘mݶ H$jm Ho$ N>mÌm| H$mo {XE OmZo
(1) n¡amAmobpånH$ Iob - {dH$bm§J OZm| Ho$ {bE dmbo H$m¶© go ‘wpíH$b hmo&
Iobm| H$m Am¶moOZ (4) CZgo H$h X|Jo {H$ do AnZm A{YH$m§e g‘¶ nwñVH$mb¶ ‘| ì¶VrV H$a|&
(2) n¡amAmobpånH$ eãX H$s CËn{Îm - A§J«oOr ^mfm go hþB© h¡
373. ¶{X N>mÌm| Ho$ EH$ g‘yh ‘§o Hw$N> ‘ÝX-~w{Õ Am¡a Hw$N> à{V^membr N>mÌ
(3) n¡am H$m AW© h¡ - AmJo hr AmJo ahZm
h¢, Vmo AܶmnH$ Ho$ {bE ³¶m ~ohVa hmoJm?
(4) n¡amAmobpånH$ go gå~{ÝYV h¡ - {H«$Ho$Q> 1. {ejU Ho$ ñVa H$mo D±$Mm aIZm, Vm{H$ ‘ÝX-~w{Õ N>mÌ D$na CR>H$a
369. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgm gw‘o{bV Zht h¡? ~am~ar na Am OmE&
2. {ejU Ho$ ñVa H$mo ZrMo aIZm, Vm{H$ à˶oH$ N>mÌ g‘P gHo$&
(1) bIZD$ [a’$m°‘}Q>ar - CÎma àXoe Ho$ AnamYr 3. {ejU Ho$ ñVa H$mo ‘ܶ‘ na aIZm, Vm{H$ à{V^membr N>mÌm| H$mo
ñHy$b ~mbH$m| H$mo aIm OmVm h¡& A{YH$ Zrag Z bJo&
4. ‘ÝX-~w{Õ N>mÌm| Ho$ {bE A{V[a³V {ejU H$m à~ÝY H$aZm
(2) hOmar~mJ [a’$m°‘}Q>ar - ~§Jmb, {~hma, Amo{S>em Ho$ (1) 1 Am¡a 2 (2) 2 Am¡a 4
ñHy$b ~mb Anam{Y¶m| H$mo aIm (3) 3 Am¡a 4 (4) Cnamo³V ‘| go H$moB© Zht
OmVm h¡&
(3) O~bnwa [a’$m°‘}Q>ar - ‘ܶ àXoe Ho$ ~mb Anam{Y¶m| 374. {deof Amdí¶H$Vm dmbo ~ÀMm| H$mo n‹T>mZo Ho$ {bE {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go
H$mo aIm OmVm h¡& H$m¡Zgr ì¶yh aMZm A{YH$ Cn¶w³V h¡?
(1) A{YH$V‘ ~ÀMm| H$mo g{å‘{bV H$aVo hþE H$jm ‘| MMm© H$aZm
(4) g{Q>©’$mBS> ñHy$b - gm‘mݶ {H$ñ‘ Ho$ Anam{Y¶m|
(2) {dÚm{W©¶m| H$mo g{å‘{bV H$aVo hþE AܶmnH$ Ûmam {ZX}eZ
H$mo em{‘b {H$¶m OmVm h¡& (3) ghH$mar A{YJ‘ VWm nrAa Q>¶yQ>[a§J (ghnm{R>¶m| Ûmam AZw{ejU)
(4) AܶmnZ Ho$ {bE ¶mo½¶Vm AmYm[aV g‘yhrH$aU
367. 368. 369. 370. 371. 372. 373. 374.
(1) (1) (4) (4) (4) (3) (3) (3)
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&

n¥îR> 256 {d{eîQ> ~mbH$ àJʶ

¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
375. ‘mZ{gH$ ê$n go {nN>‹S>o ~ÀMm| H$mo Amn ³¶m {gImZm ngÝX H$a|Jo? 380. H$moB© N>mÌ J{UV ‘| H$m’$s H$‘Omoa h¡& Amn CgH$s ghm¶Vm Ho$ {bE
(1) {Z¶{‘V nmR²>¶M¶m© H$s n‹T>mB©, {H$ÝVw CÝh| H$m‘ Ho$ {bE XþJwZm g‘¶ X|Jo& ³¶m H$aZm Mmh|Jo?
(2) CÝh| Amdí¶H$ ~mV| aQ>m X|Jo& (1) àYmZmܶmnH$ go Bg {df¶ ‘| nam‘e© b|Jo&
(3) CÝh| AHo$bo ¶mÌm H$aZo, n¡go IM© H$aZo, {hgm~ aIZo O¡go ì¶mdhm[aH$ (2) Cg N>mÌ Ho$ ‘mVm-{nVm go g‘w{MV nam‘e© b|Jo&
{H«$¶mH$bmnm| Ho$ ‘mܶ‘ go gj‘ ~ZmE±Jo& (3) Cg N>mÌ go ~mV H$aHo$ nVm bJmE±Jo {H$ J{UV ‘| CgH$s ³¶m {X³H$V
(4) CÝh| AnZr ngÝX H$m H$m¶© H$aZo X|Jo& h¡ Am¡a VËníMmV² Cgo Xÿa H$a|Jo&
(4) H$jm ‘| J{UV ‘| g~go VoO N>mÌ H$mo AmXoe X|Jo {H$ dh Cg H$‘Omoa
376. ¶{X {H$gr N>moQ>o ~ÀMo ‘| AnZo Amg-nmg ~¡R>Zo dmbo Aݶ ~ÀMm| H$s N>mÌ H$s ‘XX H$a§o&
N>moQ>r-N>moQ>r MrO| MwamZo H$s AmXV h¡, Vmo {ejH$ Ho$ ê$n ‘| Amn Bg
gå~ÝY ‘| g~go nhbo ³¶m Cnm¶ H$a|Jo?

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(1) Cg ~ÀMo H$mo S>m±Q>|Jo Am¡a ¶{X Z ‘mZo, Vmo {nQ>mB© H$a|Jo& AJa Amn B.Ed, D.Ed, BSTC ¶m {ejU AܶmnZ Ho$ joÌ ‘| n‹T>mB©
(2) Cg ~ÀMo H$s AmMaU-nwpñVH$m ‘| CgH$s Bg AmXV H$m CëboI H$a H$a aho h¢ Vmo Amngo {ZdoXZ h¡ {H$ {ZåZ{b{IV Whatsapp No. AnZr
X|Jo&
H$jm Ho$ ìhmQ²>gEn Jw«n ‘| Omo‹S>|& AJa AmnH$m ìhmQ²>gEn Jw«n Zht ~Zm hþAm
(3) Bg ~mV H$s Amoa ܶmZ Zht X|Jo&
h¡ Vmo H¥$n¶m H$‘ go H$‘ 20 {dÚmWu {‘bH$a ìhmQ²>gEn Jw«n ~Zm b|&
(4) ~ÀMo Ho$ ‘m±-~mn go {‘bH$a ¶h OmZZo H$s H$mo{ee H$a|Jo {H$ ~ÀMo H$s
UPTET - 95301 43210
Bg AmXV H$m ³¶m H$maU h¡ Am¡a VËníMmV² XmoZm| {‘bH$a AmXV Nw>‹S>mZo MP Samvida - 95302 43210
H$s H$mo{ee H$a|Jo& www.praganya.org BTET - 95302 43210
UTET - 72209 29294
377. AmnHo$ ñHy$b ‘| EH$ Eogm ~ÀMm ^Vu hmoVm h¡, Omo gm§ñH¥${VH$ ÑpîQ> go JTET - 72209 29239
{nN>‹S>o n[adma ¶m n¶m©daU go h¡& Amn- HTET - 72209 29266
(1) Cgo Eogr H$jm ‘| aI|Jo, {Og‘| gm§ñH¥${VH$ ÑpîQ> go {nN>‹S>o n[adoe dmbo CGTET - 72209 28969
Aݶ ~ÀMo h¢& HPTET - 72209 28535
(2) {H$gr AܶmnH$ H$mo Cg ~ÀMo Ho$ {nN>‹S>o gm§ñH¥${VH$ n[adoe H$s OmZH$mar
àmßV H$aZo Ho$ {bE ^oO|Jo& AmnHo$ ³bmg Ho$ ìhmQ²>gEn Jw«n ‘| {ejm g§~§Yr g^r à{V¶moJr narjm Ho$
(3) Cgo gm‘mݶ H$jm ‘| aI|Jo, {H$ÝVw CgHo$ {deof {ejU H$m à~ÝY H$a nong©, ‘m°S>b nong© Ed§ Aݶ Aܶ¶Z gm‘J«r ^oOr OmEJr& AmnH$m ewê$ go
X|Jo& ‘mJ©Xe©Z {H$¶m OmEJm, Vm{H$ Amn à{V¶moJr narjm ‘| A{VerK« g’$bVm
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(4) Cgo {H$gr ì¶mdgm{¶H$ {ejU ‘| OmZo H$s gbmh X|Jo& àmá H$a gH|$&
378. O~ EH$ {Z¶m}½¶ ~ÀMm nhbr ~ma {dÚmb¶ AmVm h¡, Vmo {ejH$ H$mo
³¶m H$aZm Mm{hE? àJʶ àH$meZ Ûmam CTET Ed§ à˶oH$ amÁ¶ Ho$ TET (UPTET, MP
(1) ~ÀMo H$s {Z¶m}½¶Vm Ho$ AZwgma Cgo {deof {dÚmb¶ ‘| ^oOZo H$m àñVmd Samvida, BTET, UTET, JTET, HTET, CGTET, HPTET)
XoZm Mm{hE& Ho$ {bE ‘m°S>b nona H$s ’«$s PDF àH$m{eV H$s OmVr h¡& ‘m°S>b nona H$s ’«$s
(2) Cgo Aݶ {dÚm{W©¶m| go AbJ-aIZm Mm{hE& PDF àmá H$aZo Ho$ {bE {ZåZ{b{IV Whatsapp No. AnZo H$m°boO Ho$
(3) gaH$mar ¶moOZm {dH${gV H$aZo Ho$ {bE ~ÀMo Ho$ ‘mVm-{nVm Ho$ gmW ³bmg J«wn ¶m H$moqMJ Ho$ ³bmg Jw«n ¶m Aݶ ñQ>S>r Jw«n ‘| Om|S>o& AmnHo$ J«wn ‘|
MMm© H$aZr Mm{hE& ‘m°S>b nona ^ooO {XE OmE±J|&
(4) àdoe narjm boZr Mm{hE&

379. EH$ 40 {‘ZQ> H$s H$jm ‘| g^r {dÚm{W©¶m| d ‘w»¶V… {deof Amdí¶H$Vm UPTET - 95301 43210
MP Samvida - 95302 43210
dmbo {dÚm{W©¶m| H$s ‘m±J H$mo nyam H$aVo hþE Amn {H$g àH$ma n‹T>mE±Jo? BTET - 95302 43210
(1) d¡¶p³VH$Vm$ na ܶmZ XoH$a UTET - 72209 29294
(2) H$jm ‘o§ g‘m§Jr g‘yh ~ZmH$a JTET - 72209 29239
(3) g^r {dÚm{W©¶m| Ho$ {bE {H«$¶mH$bmn Am¶mo{OV H$amH$a, naÝVw {deof HTET - 72209 29266
Amdí¶H$Vm dmbo {dÚm{W©¶m| na ܶmZ Ho$pÝÐV H$aVo hþE CGTET - 72209 28969
(4) H$jm ‘| {H$gr ¶mo½¶ {dÚmWu H$mo {Oå‘oXmar gm¢nVo hþE HPTET - 72209 28535

375. 376. 377. 378. 379. 380.

(3) (4) (3) (1) (3) (3)
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
àJʶ g‘m¶moOZ
Aܶm¶ 13
g‘m¶moOZ
13.1 àñVmdZm
‘Zmo{dkmZ H$m {deof CÔoí¶ h¡ ì¶{³V H$mo OrdZ ‘| g‘m¶mo{OV H$aZm& X¡{ZH$
OrdZ ‘| h‘ g^r àm¶… g‘m¶moOZ H$aVo h¢& ¶{X H$ma ‘| nm±M ì¶p³V¶m| Ho$
{bE ñWmZ h¡ Am¡a AmR> ì¶p³V g’$a H$a aho h¢ Vmo CÝh| H$ma ‘| g‘m¶mo{OV
hmoZm n‹S>Vm h¡& H$jm ‘| ~rg N>mÌm| Ho$ ñWmZ na 25 N>mÌ ^r g‘m¶mo{OV hmo
OmVo h¢& h‘ O~ ^r {H$gr Ho$ Ka OmVo h¢ Vmo dhm± h‘| Am¡a Ka Ho$ gXñ¶m|
H$mo EH$-Xÿgao Ho$ à{V g‘m¶mo{OV hmoZm n‹S>Vm h¡& {H$gr ^r Z¶o dmVmdaU ‘|
ì¶{³V H$mo g‘m¶mo{OV hmoZm n‹S>Vm h¡&
H$^r-H$^r h‘| g‘m¶moOZ H$aZo ‘| Hw$N> H${R>ZmB¶m| H$m gm‘Zm H$aZm
n‹S>Vm h¡& Omo ì¶p³V AnZo ~mö VWm AmÝV[aH$ dmVmdaU Ho$ gmW g‘m¶moOZ
H$aZo ‘| g‘W© hmoVo h¢, do g’$b hmoVo h¢& {H$ÝVw g‘m¶moOZ ñWm{nV H$aZo ‘|
{OZHo$ {gÕmÝV, AmXe© Am{X Am‹S>o AmVo h¢ do Ag’$b ahVo h¢& g’$bVm
Ag’$bVm Ho$db g‘m¶moOZ Ho$ n[aUm‘ h¢& OrdZ H$s g‘ñ¶mAm| H$m g‘mYmZ
g‘m¶moOZ ‘| {Z{hV h¡& {deofH$a Bg {MÝVmAm| Ho$ ¶wJ ‘| {OVZm gå^d
hmo gHo$ CVZm hr grYo Am¡a gab ‘mJ© go bú¶ VH$ nhþ±MZo H$s XjVm hr
g‘m¶moOZ H$m AmYma h¡&
13.2 g‘m¶moOZ H$m AW©
g‘m¶moOZ H$m ‘Zmo{dkmZ ì¶{³V VWm CgHo$ n¶m©daU Ho$ ‘ܶ ‘Ywa gå~ÝYm|
H$mo ~Zm¶o aIZo H$s {H«$¶m {d{Y¶m| na àH$me S>mbVm h¡& BgHo$ AÝVJ©V ì¶p³V
Ho$ ^rVa CgHo$ ~mha n¶m©daU ‘| nm¶o OmZo dmbo VÎdm| Ho$ gmW gm‘§Oñ¶ ¶m
Vmb‘ob, H$m¶© H$aZo Ho$ {bE ì¶p³V Ûmam {H$¶o J¶o à¶mgm| H$m Aܶ¶Z ‘w»¶
‘wÔm hmoVm h¡&
g‘m¶moOZ Ho$ Xmo AW© h¡- nhbm dh à{H«$¶m, {Og‘| ì¶p³V AnZo
Am¡a n¶m©daU Ho$ ~rM gm‘§Oñ¶nyU© gå~ÝY àmá H$aZo Ho$ {bE AnZo ì¶dhma
‘§o n[adV©Z H$aVm h¡ Am¡a Xÿgam gm‘§Oñ¶nyU© gå~ÝYm§o H$s Xem Am¡a AdñWm&
OrdZ ‘| g‘m¶moOZm| H$s EH$ XrK© ûm¥§Ibm H$mo XoIm Om gH$Vm h¡, {Og‘|
ì¶p³V {ZaÝVa ~mhar n¶m©daU H$s ‘m§Jm| Am¡a emar[aH$ VWm ‘mZ{gH$ g§aMZm
H$s Amdí¶H$Vm Ho$ à{V g‘m¶moOZ H$aVm Mbm OmVm h¡& ì¶p³V bJmVma
ImVm-nrVm h¡, àl¶ Am¡a ñZoh Ty>§‹T>Vm h¡, {‘Ì Am¡a CZH$s ñdrH¥${V, gwajm
Am¡a à{VîR>m ImoOVm h¡& Omo g‘m¶moOZ dh H$aVm h¡, OrdZ^a H$s H$ë¶mU
H$s ÑpîQ> go h‘oem ñdñÏm Am¡a à^mdH$mar Zht hmoVo, naÝVw {Og jU do {H$¶o
OmVo h¢, ì¶p³V H$s Hw$N> Amdí¶H$Vm¶| nyar H$aVo ZOa AmVo h¢& Bg àH$ma
g‘m¶moOZ dh à{H«$¶m h¡ {Og‘| ì¶p³V Amdí¶H$VmAm| Am¡a CZH$s ny{V© H$mo
à^m{dV H$aZo dmbr n[apñW{V¶m| Ho$ ~rM emar[aH$ VWm ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ g§VwbZ
VWm g‘Vm H$m ñVa ~Zm¶o aIVm h¡&
n¥îR> 257
13.3 g‘m¶moOZ H$s n[a^mfmE±
{d{^ÝZ ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| Ûmam g‘m¶moOZ H$s AZoH$ n[a^mfmE± Xr JB© h¡, {OZ‘|
go Hw$N> à‘wI n[a^mfmE± {ZåZ{b{IV h¢-
1. EM. gr. pñ‘W Ho$ AZwgma-
EH$ AÀN>m g‘m¶moOZ dh h¡ Omo ¶WmW©nyU©Vm H$o gmW-gmW ì¶p³V H$mo gÝVmof
àXmZ H$aVm h¡& AÝVVmoJËdm, ¶h ì¶p³V H$s Hw$ÊR>mAm|, CgHo$ VZmdm§o Ed§ {MÝVmAm|,
{OÝho§ Cgo ghZ H$aZm n‹S>Vm h¡, ݶyZm{VݶyZ ~Zm XoVr h¡&
2. ‘¡ñbmo VWm {‘{Q>b‘¡Z Ho$ AZwgma-
g‘m¶moOZ ì¶p³V H$s dh {deofVm h¡ {OgHo$ AZwgma dh AnZo OrdZ H$s ‘w»¶
g‘ñ¶mAm| H$mo g‘PVm h¡, CZH$s$ à[V{H«$¶m H$aVm h¡ Ed§ CZH$m g‘mYmZ H$aVm h¡&
3. Ooåg gr. H$mob‘¡Z Ho$ AZwgma-
g‘m¶moOZ AnZr Amdí¶H$VmAm| H$mo nyam H$aZo VWm qIMmdm| go {ZnQ>Zo Ho$ {bE
ì¶p³V Ûmam {H$¶o à¶mgm| H$m n[aUm‘ h¡&
4. H«$mo VWm H«$mo Ho$ AZwgma-
‘mZdr¶ AÝVZm}X VWm A§Và}aUmE± ì¶p³V H$mo Hw$N> {ZpíMV bú¶m| Ed§ {hVm| H$s
Amoa CËào[aV H$aVr h¡& Eogr Xem ‘| ’$br^yV ¶h ì¶dhma Omo ì¶p³V VWm g‘mO XmoZmo§
Ho$ {bE VwpîQ>H$aU hmoVm h¡, g‘m¶moOZ H$hm OmVm h¡&
5. bm°aoÝg E’$. e¡’$a Ho$ AZwgma-
g‘m¶moOZ dh à{H«$¶m h¡ {OgHo$ Ûmam EH$ Or{dV àmUr AnZr Amdí¶H$VmAm| Am¡a
BZ Amdí¶H$VmAm| H$s VwpîQ> H$mo à^m{dV H$aZo dmbr n[apñW{V¶m§o ‘| EH$ gÝVwbZ
~Zm¶o aIVm h¡&
6. Aë’«o$S> ES>ba Ho$ AZwgma-
gm‘mݶ ¶m g‘m¶mo{OV ‘Zwî¶ dh h¡ Omo g‘mO ‘| ahVm h¡ VWm {OgH$s OrdZ
e¡br Bg ê$n ‘| Aä¶ZwHy${bV h¡ {H$ g‘mO CgHo$ H$m¶© go {deof ê$n go bm^mpÝdV
hmoVm h¡& ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ ÑpîQ> go Cg‘| AnZo g‘j CnpñWV hmoZo dmbr g‘ñ¶mAm|
VWm H${R>ZmB¶m| H$m gm‘Zm H$aZo hoVw n¶m©ßV D$Om© Ed§ gmhg hmoVm h¡& BgHo$ {dnarV
Ag‘m¶mo{OV, EH$ Agm‘mݶ ì¶p³V ‘| BZ XmoZm| hr JwUm| H$m A^md hmoVm h¡& do OrdZ
Ho$ à{V{XZ H¥$˶m| H$mo nyam H$aZo ‘| gm‘m{OH$ Ed§ ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ XmoZm| hr ÑpîQ>¶m| go
g‘m¶mo{OV Zht hmoVo h¢&
7. JoQ²>g Ho$ AZwgma-
g‘m¶moOZ OrdZ ‘| {ZaÝVa MbZo dmbr à{H«$¶m h¡ {OgHo$ ‘mܶ‘ go ì¶p³V
AnZo VWm dmVmdaU Ho$ ~rM g§Vw{bV g§~§Y aIZo Ho$ {bE AnZo ì¶dhmam| ‘| n[adV©Z
H$aVm h¡&
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
n¥îR> 258
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
8. ~mo[a¨J VWm Aݶ Ho$ AZwgma-
g‘m¶moOZ dh à{H«$¶m h¡ {OgHo$ Ûmam Or{dV àmUr AnZr AmdíH$VmAm| VWm BZ
Amdí¶H$VmAm| H$mo g§VwîQ> H$aZo dmbr n[apñW{V¶m| Ho$ gmW g§VwbZ ñWm{nV H$aVm h¡&
9. AmBOZoH$ VWm Aݶ Ho$ AZwgma-
g‘m¶moOZ EH$ Eogr AdñWm h¡ {Og‘| EH$ Amoa ì¶p³V H$s Amdí¶H$VmE± VWm
Xÿgar Amoa n¶m©daU gå~ÝYr Xmdm| H$s nyU© gÝVwpîQ>> hmoVr h¡ AWdm ¶h dh à{H«$¶m h¡
{Og‘| BZ XmoZm| Ho$ ‘ܶ gm‘§Oñ¶ ñWm{nV hmo OmVm h¡&
Cn¶w©³V n[a^mfmAm| Ho$ AmYma na ¶h H$hm Om gH$Vm h¡ {H$
g‘m¶moOZ H$m AW© Cg à[H«$¶m go h¡ {OgHo$ Ûmam ì¶p³V Aݶ ì¶p³V¶m|
Ed§ AnZo n¶m©daU Ho$ gmW ‘Ywa gå~ÝY ñWm{nV H$aVm h¡ VWm AnZr
Amdí¶H$VmAm| Ed§ CZH$s gÝVwpîQ> H$aZo dmbr n[añW{V¶m| Ho$ gmW gÝVwbZ
ñWm{nV H$aVm h¡&
13.4 g‘m¶moOZ H$s {deofVmE±
g‘m¶moOZ EH$ ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ à{H«$¶m h¡, {Og‘| {díbofU Ho$ AmYma na nm±M
{deofVmE± nmB© OmVr h¢-
1. g‘m¶moOZ EH$ {ZaÝVa à{H«$¶m h¡
ì¶{³V OrdZ ‘| EH$ ~ma g‘m¶moOZ Zht H$aVm daZ² Amdí¶H$Vm n‹S>Zo na dh
~ma-~ma g‘m¶moOZ H$aVm h¡& ny{V© H$aVo g‘¶ CgHo$ gå‘wI AZoH$ ~mYm¶| CËnÝZ
hmoVr h¢ Am¡a dh CZH$mo Xÿa H$aZo na hr AnZr Amdí¶H$Vm nyU© H$a nmVm Am¡a ñd¶§
H$mo g‘m¶mo{OV H$a nmVm h¡& EH$ Amdí¶H$Vm nyU© hmoZo Ho$ níMmV² ¶m gmW hr Xÿgar
Amdí¶H$Vm Amaå^ hmo OmVr h¡& Bg àH$ma ¶h H$^r Z AÝV hmoZo dmbm H«$‘ h¡&
2. àoaUm
g‘m¶moOZ H$s à{H«$¶m ì¶p³V ‘| CnpñWV àoaUm ¶m Amdí¶H$Vm go Amaå^
hmoVr h¡&
3. g‘m¶moOZ ì¶p³V go gå~pÝYV h¡
ì¶p³V¶m| ‘| ì¶p³VJV {^ÝZVm¶| nm¶r OmVr h¢& AV… EH$ hr dmVmdaU ‘§o Xmo
ì¶p³V {^ÝZ-{^ÝZ ê$n go g‘m¶mo{OV hmoVo h¢& O~ dmVmdaU H$s n[apñW{V¶m±
Amdí¶H$VmAm| H$s gÝVwpîQ> ‘| ~mYH$ hmoVr h¡, Vmo ì¶p³V AnZr ~mø d
AmÝV[aH$ ‘m§Jmo§ Ho$ gmW-gmW Hw$pÊR>V hmo OmVm h¡ Am¡a dh AnZo OrdZ ‘yë¶m|,
gm‘m{OH$ ‘mZH$m|, A{^d¥[Îm¶m|, nydm©‘hm| Ho$ AmYma na g‘m¶mo{OV hmoZo H$m
à¶mg H$aVm h¡& ¶o CÝht ì¶p³V¶m| H$mo kmV hmoVr h¡ Omo g‘m¶moOZ H$a aho h¢&
4. {d{dY AZw{H«$¶mE±
Amdí¶H$Vm H$s ny{V© ‘| ~mYm CËnÝZ hmoZo na ì¶p³V à[V{H«$¶m ñdê$n AZoH$
àH$ma H$s à{V{H«$¶m¶| H$aVm h¡& ¶o AZw{H«$¶m¶o§ gm‘mݶ ^r hmoVr h¢ Am¡a
Agm‘mݶ ^r& ¶{X BZ AZw{H«$¶mAm| Ho$ ’$bñdê$n ì¶p³V H$m dmVmdaU Ho$
gmW g‘m¶moOZ hmo OmVm h¡ Vmo g‘m¶moOZ H$s g‘ñ¶m hb hmo OmVr h¡&
5. g‘m¶moOZ g§ñH¥${V¶m| Ho$ AZwgma {^ÝZ hmoVm h¡
H$moB© ì¶p³V Omo {H$gr EH$ g‘mO ‘| {H$gr {d{eîQ> gm§ñH¥${VH$ n¥îR>^{y ‘ ‘|
gwg‘m¶mo{OV ‘mZm OmVm h¡, dh {H$gr {^ÝZ g‘mO ‘| {^ÝZ gm§ñH¥${VH$ {dݶmg
g‘m¶moOZ àJʶ
‘| d¡gm Zht ‘mZm OmVm h¡& O¡g- o {H$gr Y‘© Ho$ {deof ‘V Ho$ Z½Z ahZo dmbo
nwê$f AWdm OZOmVr¶ g§ñH¥${V¶m| Ho$ AÕ©Z½Z Zmar Ed§ nwê$f {^ÝZ gm§ñH¥${VH$
n¥îR>^{y ‘ dmbo {^ÝZ g‘mOm| ‘| g‘m¶mo{OV Zht ^r g‘Po Om gH$Vo h¢&
13.5 g‘m¶mo{OV ì¶p³V Ho$ JwU Ed§ {deofVmE±
EH$ ^br-^m±{V g‘m¶mo{OV H$ho OmZo dmbo ì¶p³V Ho$ ì¶p³VËd d ì¶dhma ‘§o
{ZåZ {deofVmE± nmB© OmVr h¢-
www.praganya.org
1. emar[aH$ ÑpîQ> go g‘m¶mo{OV
emar[aH$ ê$n go ì¶p³V AJa ñdñW hmo VWm CgH$m emar[aH$ {dH$mg, ^ma,
D±$MmB©, A§J-à˶§Jm| H$m {dH$mg Am{X AnZr Am¶w Ho$ AZwgma gm‘mݶ T>§J
go MbVm aho Vmo Cgo AnZo Amn go VWm AnZo dmVmdaU Ho$ gmW g‘m¶moOZ
H$aZo ‘| ~hþV gw{dYm hmoVr h¡& g‘m¶mo{OV H$ho OmZo dmbo ~mbH$ ‘| emar[aH$
ñdmñ϶ Ed§ {dH$mg gå~ÝYr ¶h {deofVm nmB© OmVr h¡&
www.praganya.org
2. g§doJmË‘H$ ê$n go g‘m¶mo{OV
EH$ g‘m¶mo{OV ì¶p³V H$m g§doJmË‘H$ ì¶dhma H$m’$s gÝVw{bV hmoVm h¡& dh
AnZo g§doJm| H$s C{MV A{^ì¶p³V H$mo C{MV T>§J go grI boVm h¡& {H$g Vah,
{H$VZr ‘mÌm, ‘| {H$g àH$ma Ho$ g§doJm| H$s A{^ì¶p³V H$s OmE, Bg àH$ma H$s
ì¶dhma Hw$ebVm VWm g§doJmË‘H$ {Z¶§ÌU H$s Cg‘| CnpñW{V nmB© OmVr h¡&
3. AnZr AÀN>mB¶m| VWm H$‘Omo[a¶m| H$m kmZ
^br-^m±{V g‘m¶mo{OV ì¶p³V ¶h OmZVm h¡ {H$ CgH$s AnZr ¶mo½¶VmAm| VWm
j‘VmAm| H$m ³¶m ñVa h¡, {H$Z ~mVm| ‘| dh AmJo h¡ VWm {H$Z ‘| nrN>o& AnZo
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AmnH$mo Bg àH$ma VmobH$a hr dh AmJo ~‹T>Vm h¡ Am¡a Bg{bE Z Vmo dh Omo
Zht H$a gH$Vm Wm Cgo H$aHo$ àgÝZ hmoVm h¡ Am¡a Z Omo dh H$a gH$Vm Wm
Cgo Z H$aHo$ nN>VmVm h¡& EH$ g‘m¶mo{OV ì¶p³V ñd^md go Xÿgam| ‘| CZH$s
AÀN>mB¶m| Ho$ hr Xe©Z H$aVm h¡, CZH$s ~wamB¶m| VWm Xmofm| H$m AÝdofU H$a
CZH$m XþîàMma Zht H$aVm&
4. ì¶dhma H$m bMrbmnZ
g‘m¶mo{OV ì¶p³V H$m ê$I, ì¶dhma VWm ÑpîQ>H$moU A{‹S>J Zht hmoVm& {Og
Vah H$m ‘mhm¡b ¶m n[apñW{V¶m± hmoVr h¢ CÝht Ho$ AZwgma AnZo ñd^md VWm
H$m¶©e¡br ‘| n[adV©Z bmZo H$s CZ‘| n¶m©á j‘Vm nmB© OmVr h¡&
5. AnZo dmVmdaU gå~ÝYr n[apñW{V¶m| go gÝVwpîQ>
AnZo Ka, n[adma, nmg-n‹S>mg o , {dÚmb¶ ‘| Cgo Omo ^r n[apñW{V¶m± Am¡a
‘mhm¡b, CgHo$ ahZ-ghZ, bmbZ-nmbZ, Iob-Hy$X, ‘ZmoaO § Z VWm {ejm Ho$
{bE {‘bVm h¡ Cg‘| dh gÝVwpîQ>> H$m AZw^d H$aVm h¡ VWm {~Zm dOh {H$gr
A^md H$m amoZm Zht amoVo ahVm& dh Omo ^r H$m‘ H$aVm h¡, Ohm± ^r H$aVm h¡ Am¡a
{OZHo$ gånH©$ ‘| AmVm h¡ Cggo Cgo H$moB© ^r {eH$m¶V H$aVo Zht nm¶m OmVm&
6. n[apñW{V¶m| go g§Kf© H$aZo H$s j‘Vm
AZwHy$b n[apñW{V¶m| ‘| Vmo g^r Or boVo h¢ Am¡a gÝVwpîQ>> H$m AZw^d H$a boVo
h¢& narjm Vmo {dnarV n[apñW{V¶m| ‘| hr hmoVr h¡& Bg àH$ma H$s n[apñW{V¶m|
go g‘Pm¡Vm H$aZo Ho$ {bE n¶m©á Y¡¶© aIZo Ho$ gmW-gmW g‘m¶mo{OV ì¶p³V
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
àJʶ g‘m¶moOZ
‘| ¶h ^r {deofVm nmB© OmVr h¡ {H$ dh n[apñW{V¶m| H$m ‘wH$m~bm H$a CÝh|
AnZo AZwHy$b ~ZmZo Ho$ {bE ^r V¡¶ma ahVm h¡& CgH$s g§H$ën VWm BÀN>m
ep³V à~b hmoVr h¡& AV… dh à{VHy$b n[apñW{V¶m| ‘| ^r {dM{bV Zht hmoVm&
7. AnZo AmnH$mo n¶m©á gå‘mZ XoZm VWm Xÿgam| H$m ^r gå‘mZ H$aZm
^br-^m±{V g‘m¶mo{OV ì¶p³V Omo Hw$N> ^r AnZo ì¶p³VËd ‘| hmoVm h¡ Cggo
gÝVwîQ> ahZo H$m à¶ËZ H$aVm h¡ VWm AnZo AmË‘ H$m n¶m©á gå‘mZ H$aVo hþE
O¡gm ^r a§Jê$n, H$X H$mR>r, ¶mo½¶VmE± VWm j‘VmE± CgHo$ nmg hmoVr h¢ CÝht
H$mo AnZr ep³V ‘mZH$a CZH$s H$Ð H$aVm h¡ VWm Omo Hw$N> Zht h¡ CgH$s
Xÿgam| go VwbZm H$a ì¶W© ‘| naoemZ Zht hmoVm h¡& AnZo AmË‘ H$m gå‘mZ H$aVo
hþE Xÿgam| H$mo n¶m©á gå‘mZ XoZo H$m à¶ËZ H$aVm ahVm h¡ Am¡a {H$gr Vah ^r
CZH$s ^mdZmAm| H$mo MmoQ> Zht nhþ±MmVm h¡&
8. gm‘m{OH$ ê$n go g‘m¶mo{OV
EH$ ^br-^m±{V g‘m¶mo{OV ì¶p³V gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg VWm gm‘m{OH$Vm H$s
ÑpîQ> go AnZr Am¶w Ho$ AZwgma R>rH$ àJ{V H$aVm hþAm nm¶m OmVm h¡& Xÿgao
~ÀMm| Ho$ gmW IobZo, {‘ÌVm ~‹T>mZo VWm gm‘m{OH$ {H«$¶mAm| ‘| ^mJ boZo ‘|
CgH$s ê${M hmoVr h¡& Yrao-Yrao dh g‘mO Ho$ à{V AnZo H$Îm©ì¶m| H$mo g‘PZo
bJVm h¡& AnZo gm‘m{OH$ n[adoe H$mo AÀN>r Vah nhMmZZo H$s Cg‘| j‘Vm
Am OmVr h¡ VWm AÀN>m gm‘m{OH$ OrdZ {~VmZo go gå~pÝYV JwUm| Am¡a
Hw$ebVmAm| Ho$ AO©Z H$s Amoa dh H$X‘ ~‹T>mZo bJVm h¡&
9. ‘hÎdmH$m§jm H$m C{MV ñVa
OrdZ ‘| ~hþV Hw$N> nmZm Vmo g^r MmhVo h¢, naÝVw g‘PXmar Bgr ‘| hmoVr h¡
{H$ AnZr ‘hÎdmH$m§jmAm| H$mo AnZr ¶mo½¶VmAm|, gr‘mAm| VWm n[apñW{V¶m|
Ho$ g§X^© ‘| hr g§Vw{bV H$aHo$ aIm OmE& EH$ g‘m¶mo{OV ì¶p³V Bgr àH$ma
H$m g§VwbZ ~ZmE aIZo H$m à¶ËZ H$aVm h¡ Am¡a Bgr{bE AZmdí¶H$ qMVm,
naoemZr VWm {Zamem H$m {eH$ma hmoZo go ~Mm ahVm h¡&
10. ‘yb^yV Amdí¶H$VmAm| H$s ny{V©
‘yb^yV emar[aH$, ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ VWm gm‘m{OH$ Amdí¶H$VmAm| H$s ny{V© {H$gr
^r ì¶p³V Ho$ g‘m¶moOZ Ho$ {bE H$m’$s Amdí¶H$ ‘mZr OmVr h¡& AJa {H$gr
H$maU {H$gr Amdí¶H$Vm H$s ny{V© ‘| H$moB© H$‘r ahVr ^r h¡ Vmo CgH$s Mw^Z
H$mo Xÿgao dJ© H$s Amdí¶H$VmAm| H$s ny{V© go nyam {H$¶m OmVm ahVm h¡& Jar~r
VWm A^mdm| H$s Mw^Z H$mo ñZoh ߶ma Ho$ ‘ah‘ VWm gwajm Ho$ H$dM go H$‘
{H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡& ^br-^m±{V g‘m¶mo{OV ì¶p³V Ho$ gmW ¶hr hmoVm h¡&
CgH$s ‘yb^yV Amdí¶H$VmAm| H$s ny{V© ‘| ¶m Vmo H$moB© ~mYm Zht AmVr Am¡a
AJa AmVr ^r h¡, Vmo CgH$s CÝh| ^{dî¶ ‘| nyam hmoZo H$s Amem ~§Yr ahVr h¡&
13.6 g‘m¶moOZ H$mo à^m{dV H$aZo dmbo H$maH$
~mbH$ Ho$ g‘m¶moOZ H$mo à^m{dV H$aZo dmbo à‘wI H$maH$ {ZåZ{b{IV h¢-
1. ‘mZ{gH$ ñdmñ϶
~mbH$ Ho$ ‘mZ{gH$ ñdmñ϶ H$m ~mbH$ Ho$ g‘m¶moOZ na Jham à^md n‹S>Vm
h¡& ¶{X ~mbH$ ‘mZ{gH$ ê$n go ñdñW h¡ Vmo CgH$m g‘mO Ed§ Aݶ ì¶p³V¶m|
VWm n[apñW{V¶m| Ho$ gmW AÀN>m g‘m¶moOZ hmoJm& BgHo$ {dnarV ¶{X ~mbH$
n¥îR> 259
H$m ‘mZ{gH$ ñdmñ϶ Iam~ hmo Vmo CgH$m g§VwbZ {~J‹S> OmVm h¡&
2. ^½Zmem ¶m Hw$ÊR>m
^½Zmem ¶m Hw$ÊR>m g§dJo mË‘H$ VZmd h¡, Omo BÀN>m ¶m Amdí¶H$Vm ‘| AdamoY Am
OmZo go CËnÝZ hmoVm h¡& Bg VZmd Ho$ H$maU ~mbH$ H$m g‘m¶moOZ {~J‹S> OmVm h¡&
3. ‘mZ{gH$ g§Kf©
‘mZ{gH$ g§Kf© Cg g‘¶ CËnÝZ hmoVm h¢, O~ EH$ ì¶p³V H$mo n¶m©daU H$s
CZ ep³V¶m| H$m gm‘Zm V~ H$aZm n‹S>Vm h¡, O~ CgH$mo ñd¶§ H$s ê${M¶m| Am¡a
BÀN>mAm| Ho$ {dnarV H$m¶© H$aZm n‹S>Vm h¡& O~ ‘mZ{gH$ ÛÝÛ CËnÝZ hmoVm h¡,
Vmo ~mbH$ H$m g‘m¶moOZ à^m{dV hmoVm h¡&
4. ‘mZ{gH$ VZmd
‘mZ{gH$ VZmd go ~mbH$ H$m g‘m¶moOZ à^m{dV hmoVm h¡& ‘mZ{gH$ VZmd
H$m AW© Cg g§Kfm©Ë‘H$ pñW{V go h¡, Omo {damoYr ¶m {dnarV ‘Zmod¥[Îm¶m| H$mo
CËnÝZ H$aVr h¢& dñVwV… VZmd AgÝVwbZ H$s dh Xem h¡, Omo àmUr H$mo
CÎmo{OV Xem H$m AÝV H$aZo Ho$ {bE H$moB© H$m¶© H$aZo Ho$ {bE ào[aV H$aVr
h¡& VZmd CËnÝZ hmoZo na ‘mZ{gH$ g§VwbZ {~J‹S> OmVm h¡ Am¡a n[aUm‘ñdê$n
~mbH$ ¶m ì¶p³V H$m g‘m¶moOZ ~war Vah à^m{dV hmoVm h¡&
5. An‘mZ
An‘mZ ämr ì¶p³V Ho$ gÝVwbZ H$mo {~Jm‹S> XoVm h¡& An‘mZOZH$ n[apñW{V¶m|
H$m gm‘Zm hmoZo na ì¶p³V H$s g§doJmË‘H$ pñW{V ‘| CWb-nwWb ‘M OmVr
h¡, Omo AmJo MbH$a CgHo$ g‘m¶moOZ na ~wam à^md S>mbVr h¡&
6. ñZm¶w amoJm§o
ñZm¶w amoJm| go ^r EH$ ì¶p³V H$m g‘m¶moOZ à^m{dV hmoVm h¡& ñZm¶w amoJm| go
J«ñV ì¶p³V Aݶ bmoJm| go g‘m¶mo{OV hmo Zht nmVm&
7. emar[aH$ amoJ Ed§ H$‘r
emar[aH$ amoJ ^r g‘m¶moOZ na {dnarV à^md S>mbVo h¢& emar[aH$ Aj‘Vm
Ed§ H$‘r go g‘m¶moOZ {~J‹S>Vm h¡& Bgr{bE àm¶… amoJr, {dH$bm§J ¶m Ae³V
ì¶p³V¶m| H$m Aݶ bmoJm| go g‘m¶moOZ R>rH$ Zht hmo nmVm&
8. Aݶ H$maH$
Ag’$bVm, hrZ^mdZm, AmË‘-½bm{Z, Ah§H$ma, Hw$ÊR>m, {MÝVm, AmH$m§jmE±
Am{X H$maH$ ^r EH$ ì¶p³V Ho$ g‘m¶moOZ H$mo à^m{dV H$aVo h¢&
13.7 g‘m¶moOZ Ho$ àH$ma
g‘m¶moOZ VrZ àH$ma H$m hmoVm h¡, Omo {ZåZ{b{IV h¢-
1. O¡{dH$ g‘m¶moOZ
2. gm‘m{OH$ n¶m©daU Ho$ gmW g‘m¶moOZ
3. ñd¶§ Ho$ gmW g‘m¶moOZ
1. O¡{dH$ g‘m¶moOZ
O¡{dH$ g‘m¶moOZ H$mo AZwHy$bZ ^r H$hm OmVm h¡& ¶h g‘m¶moOZ ~w{Z¶mXr
àH$ma H$m g‘m¶moOZ h¡& O~ àmUr AnZr àmH¥${VH$ n[apñW{V¶m| Ho$ gmW
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
n¥îR> 260
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
AZwHy$bZ H$aVm h¡ Vmo Cgo h‘ O¡d-g‘m¶moOZ H$s g§km XoVo h¢& Bg àH$ma H$m
g‘m¶moOZ Or{dV ahZo Ho$ {bE Oê$ar hmoVm h¡& h‘ hdm ‘| ídmg boVo h¢ Vm{H$
Or{dV ah gH|$& h‘ AnZr erV d J‘u go ajm H$aZo Ho$ {bE Amdmg ~ZmVo
h¢& ¶o H$m¶© h‘mao g‘m¶moOZ Ho$ àVrH$ h¢&
2. gm‘m{OH$ n¶m©daU Ho$ gmW g‘m¶moOZ
¶h g‘m¶moOZ g‘mO Ho$ Aݶ bmoJm| Ho$ gmW {H$¶m OmVm h¡& ¶h g‘m¶moOZ
n[apñW{V Xa n[apñW{V {^ÝZ hmoVm h¡& CXmhaU Ho$ {bE b‹S>{H$¶m| Ho$ g‘yh
‘| ~mVMrV {H$gr b‹S>Ho$ Ho$ AmZo na EH$X‘ ~Xb OmVr h¡& bmoJm| Ho$ gmW
g‘m¶moOZ {ZpîH«$¶, AmH«$m‘H$ ¶m {dMmaerb àH$ma H$m hmo gH$Vm h¡&
3. ñd¶§ Ho$ gmW g‘m¶moOZ
AnZo gmW gH$mamË‘H$ g‘m¶moOZ H$m AW© h¡ OrdZ ‘| gÝVwpîQ>>& ¶h
g‘m¶moOZ ì¶p³V AnZo hr gmW H$aVm h¡, na ¶h ~‹S>m MwZm¡VrnyU© hmoVm h¡&
ì¶p³VJV Amdí¶H$VmE± Eogr hmoVr h¢ {H$ CZH$m Amng ‘| ‘ob Zht hmoVm&
Bggo ì¶p³V ‘| AÝXa AÝVÛ©ÝÛ Amaå^ hmo OmVm h¡& CXmhaUmW© narjm nyd©
am{Ì ‘| EH$ {dÚmWu gmo Zht nmVm ³¶m|{H$ CgZo narjm H$s V¡¶mar AÀN>r Zht
H$s& h‘mao H$B© CÔoí¶ nyao Zht hmoVo Am¡a h‘| Ag’$bVmAm| Ho$ gmW g‘m¶moOZ
H$aZm n‹S>Vm h¡& h‘| AnZr H${‘¶m| Ho$ gmW ^r g‘m¶moOZ H$aZm n‹S>Vm h¡& ¶o
g~ AnZo ñd¶§ Ho$ gmW g‘m¶moOZ Ho$ CXmhaU h¢&
13.8 g‘m¶moOZ Ho$ gmonmZ
g‘m¶moOZ à{H«$¶m hoVw VrZ gmonmZ ~VmE JE h¢, Omo {ZåZ àH$ma h¢-
1. g‘ñ¶m H$m A§H$Z
ì¶p³V Ho$ gm‘Zo O¡go hr Amdí¶H$Vm CËnÝZ hmoVr h¡, CgHo$ {bE VËgå~ÝYr
g‘ñ¶m¶| CËnÝZ hmoVr h¢& ì¶p³V BZ g‘ñ¶mAm| H$m dJ© H$aVm h¡, {d{eîQ> dJ©
‘| aIVm h¡, CgHo$ g‘mYmZ joÌ VbmeVm h¡ VWm Cg g‘ñ¶m H$r Jå^raVm
H$m {ZYm©aU H$aVm h¡&
2. {ZU©¶-{Z‘m©U
g‘ñ¶m H$s Jå^raVm VWm dJuH$aU H$o ~mX Cg g‘ñ¶m Ho$ g‘mYmZ hoVw
Amdí¶H$ g‘mYmZm| H$s gyMr V¡¶ma H$s OmVr h¡ VWm à˶oH$ g‘mYmZ H$m
Amdí¶H$Vm Ho$ gÝX^© ‘| ‘yë¶m§H$Z {H$¶m OmVm h¡&
3. {H«$¶mÝd¶Z
g‘w{MV g‘mYmZ Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘| {ZU©¶ boH$a M¶Z H$aZo Ho$ CnamÝV Cg
g‘mYmZ H$mo àmá H$aZo Ho$ {bE ì¶p³V {H«$¶m¶| àmaå^ H$a XoVm h¡& Bg AdñWm
‘| {H«$¶mÝd¶Z Ho$ g‘¶ Omo H${R>ZmB¶m± AmVr h¢ CZHo$ AZwgma dh AnZr
{H«$¶mAm| ‘| Amdí¶H$ g§emoYZ ^r H$aVm MbVm h¡&
13.9 g‘m¶moOZ ‘| ‘mVm-{nVm Ed§ {ejH$ H$s
^y{‘H$m
ñdñW eara ‘| ñdñW ‘Z H$m {dH$mg H$aZm hr {ejm H$m CÔoí¶ h¡& Bg CÔoí¶
H$s àm{á V~ gå^d hmoVr h¡, O~ ~mbH$ ^¶‘w³V, {MÝVm‘w³V Ed§ VZmd a{hV
g‘m¶moOZ àJʶ
hmoH$a {ejm J«hU H$aVm h¡& ~ÀMm| H$mo {MÝVm, Hw$ÊR>m Ed§ VZmd go ‘wp³V {XbmZo
‘| ‘mVm-{nVm VWm AܶmnH$m| H$s ^y{‘H$m ‘hÎdnyU© hmoVr h¡&
13.9.1 ‘mVm-{nVm H$s ^y{‘H$m
~ÀMm| Ho$ g‘m¶moOZ ‘| ‘mVm-{nVm {ZåZm§{H$V ê$n go CZH$s ghm¶Vm H$a
gH$Vo h¢-
1. ~mbH$ Ho$ à{V ào‘ Ed§ ñZohnyU© ì¶dhma
www.praganya.org
~ÀMm| go ào‘ Ed§ ñZohnyU© ì¶dhma H$aZo go Am¡a CZgo gVV² g§dmX ~ZmE aIZo
go do ^½Zmem, {Zamem, VZmd Am{X pñW{V¶m| go ~Mo ahVo h¢&
2. g‘m¶moOZ à{H«$¶m H$mo AnZmZm
¶{X ~ÀMo {H$gr ^r joÌ ‘| g‘m¶mo{OV Zht hmo nm aho hm| ¶m Hw$g‘m¶moOZ H$s
Amoa ~‹T> aho hm|, Vmo ‘mVm-{nVm H$mo Mm{hE {H$ do g‘m¶moOZ H$s à{H«$¶m H$mo
AnZmH$a CZH$m gh¶moJ H$a|&
3. Amdí¶H$ gw{dYmE± àXmZ H$aZm
www.praganya.org ‘mVm-{nVm H$mo Mm{hE {H$ do AnZo ~mbH$m| H$s emar[aH$ Ed§ ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$
Amdí¶H$VmAm| Ho$ {bE CZH$s A{^j‘Vm, ê${M Ed§ ê$PmZ Ho$ AZwHy$b g^r
gw{dYmE± àXmZ H$a|&
4. n[adma H$m dmVmdaU
‘mVm-{nVm H$m Xm{¶Ëd h¡ {H$ do AnZo n[adma H$m dmVmdaU empÝV Ed§ ñZohnyU©
~ZmE aI|& n[adma Ho$ gXñ¶m| H$m Amng ‘| ñZohnyU© ì¶dhma hmoZm Mm{hE,
do Xþ충gZm| go Xÿa ah| Am¡a à˶oH$ ì¶p³V, dñVw, KQ>Zm Ed§ {H«$¶m Ho$ à{V
gH$mamˑH$ gmoM aI|&
www.praganya.org
13.9.2 {ejH$$H$s ^y{‘H$m
~ÀMm| Ho$ g‘m¶moOZ ‘| AܶmnH$ Ed§ {dÚmb¶ {ZåZm§{H$V ê$n go ghm¶Vm
àXmZ H$a gH$Vo h¢-
1. ñZohnyU© ì¶dhma
~mbH$m| Ho$ gmW AܶmnH$ H$mo ñZohnyU© ì¶dhma H$aZm Mm{hE& N>mÌm| go {~Zm
^oX^md Ho$ Z‘«, {eîQ> Ed§ ghmZw^y{VnyU© ì¶dhma H$aZo go CZH$m ‘Z-‘pñVîH$,
ñdñW Ed§ àgÝZ ahVm h¡& ¶h pñW{V CÝh| ^½Zmem, VZmd Am{X go ‘wp³V
{XbmZo ‘| ghm¶H$ {gÕ hmoVr h¡ Am¡a do à˶oH$ ~mYm H$m gmhgnyd©H$ gm‘Zm
H$a g‘m¶moOZ H$aZo ‘| g’$b hmoVo h¢&
2. AÀN>m dmVmdaU
{dÚmb¶ Ed§ H$jm H$m AÀN>m Ed§ AZwHy$b dmVmdaU ~ÀMm| Ho$ g‘m¶moOZ
‘| ghm¶H$ {gÕ hmoVm h¡& {Z¶{‘V emar[aH$ {ejm, {dlm‘, IobHy$X
ì¶m¶m‘, ñdÀN>Vm, ewÕ dm¶w, àH$me Am¡a ^m¡{VH$ gmYZ-gw{dYmE± ~ÀMm| Ho$
‘Z-‘pñVîH$ H$mo ñdñW Ed§ gOJ aIVo h¢& Bggo CÝh| {H$gr ^r n[apñW{V
‘| g‘m¶moOZ H$aZo ‘| ghm¶Vm {‘bVr h¡&
3. nmR²>¶ ghJm‘r {H«$¶mAm| H$m Am¶moOZ
{dÚmb¶ ‘| nmR²>¶ ghJm‘r {H«$¶mAm| Ho$ ê$n ‘| gm‘y{hH$ Ed§ ì¶p³VJV
àd¥[Îm¶m| H$m Am¶moOZ {H$¶m OmZm Mm{hE& BZ àd¥[Îm¶m| H$m {ZYm©aU N>mÌm| H$s
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
àJʶ g‘m¶moOZ
A{^j‘Vm, ê${M Ed§ ê$PmZ Am{X ‘| {d{^ÝZVm H$mo ܶmZ ‘| aIH$a H$aZm
Mm{hE& Bggo N>mÌm| H$mo AnZr j‘Vm Ed§ ¶mo½¶Vm Ho$ {dH$mg Ho$ Adga {‘bVo
h¢ Am¡a CZH$s ‘yb àd¥[Îm¶m| Ed§ BÀN>mAm| H$mo ñdñW ê$n ‘| 춳V hmoZo Ho$
Adga {‘bVo h¢& Bg àH$ma N>mÌm| ‘| hmoZo dmbr Hw$ÊR>m Ed§ {Zamem Am{X H$mo
H$‘ {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡&
4. gÝVw{bV J¥hH$m¶©
AܶmnH$ H$mo ~mbH$ H$s j‘Vm Ho$ AZwê$n J¥hH$m¶© XoZm Mm{hE& J¥hH$m¶© ‘|
Hw$N> àm¶mo{JH$ H$m¶© Ed§ à¶moOZmAm| H$m g‘mdoe H$aZo go ~ÀMm| H$s J¥hH$m¶©
H$aZo ‘| ê${M ~Zr ahVr h¡& Bg àH$ma CÝh| J¥hH$m¶© go hmoZo dmbo VZmd go
‘wp³V {‘bVr h¡&
5. ~mbHo$pÝÐV {ejU {d{Y¶m| H$m à¶moJ
AܶmnH$ H$mo H$jm ‘| n‹T>mVo g‘¶ ZdrZ ‘Zmodk
¡ m{ZH$ {ejU-{d[Y¶m| H$m à¶moJ
H$aZm Mm{hE Omo {H$ {H«$¶m, ì¶dhma, Aä¶mg, ñdmZw^d VWm ñdVÝÌVm Ho$
{gÕmVm| na AmYm[aV hm|& AmJ‘Z {d{Y, {díbofU {d{Y, ImoO {d{Y, g‘ñ¶m
g‘mYmZ {d{Y Am¡a à¶moOZm {d{Y Am{X H$m à¶moJ H$aZm N>mÌm| Ho$ {bE {hVH$a
hmoVm h¡& BZ {d{Y¶m| Ho$ à¶moJ go N>mÌ ‘Z-‘pñVîH$ go gH$mamË‘H$ grIZo ‘|
ì¶ñV hmo OmVo h¢ Am¡a Bg àH$ma CÝh| ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mam| go Xÿa aIm Om gH$Vm h¡&
6. {ZX}eZ H$m¶©H«$‘ H$m Am¶moOZ
N>mÌm| H$s j‘Vm, ¶mo½¶Vm Ed§ ê${M Ho$ AZwgma CÝh| g‘¶-g‘¶ na ì¶p³VJV,
e¡{jH$ Ed§ ì¶mdgm{¶H$ {ZX}eZ XoZo H$s ì¶dñWm hmoZr Mm{hE& {ZX}eZ H$m¶©H«$‘
N>mÌm| H$s {ejU à{H«$¶m ‘| ‘hÎdnyU© ^y{‘H$m {Z^mVm h¡&
‘mVm-{nVm Ed§ AܶmnH$ AnZo CÎmaXm{¶Ëd H$m R>rH$ àH$ma go {Zd©hZ
H$a| Vmo N>mÌm| Ho$ Hw$g‘m¶moOZ H$s g‘ñ¶m H$mo AmgmZr go hb {H$¶m Om gH$Vm
h¡, bo{H$Z BgHo$ {bE CZH$m ^r ‘mZ{gH$ ñdmñ϶ R>rH$ hmoZm Mm{hE, Am¡a
CZH$m ì¶dhma ~ÀMm| Ho$ gmW ào‘, ghmZw^y{V Ed§ gh¶moJnyU© hmoZm Mm{hE&
7. CÀM AmXem] H$m àñVwVrH$aU
N>mÌm| Ho$ gm‘Zo Ym{‘©H$, gm‘m{OH$, amOZr{VH$, gm§ñH¥${VH$ Am{X joÌm| ‘|
CÀM pñW{V H$mo àmá ‘hmnwê$fm| Ho$ OrdZ M[aÌ, CZHo$ AmXe©, CZH$m g‘mO
Ed§ Xoe Ho$ à{V g‘n©U Am{X H$mo àñVwV H$aZm Mm{hE& Bggo N>mÌ Ho$db
ñd{hV H$s BÀN>m go D$na CR>H$a na{hV H$s ^mdZm H$s Amoa àd¥Îm hmo gH$Vo
h¢& H$B© g‘ñ¶mE± Bg ^mdZm Ho$ {dH$mg go {Vamo{hV hmo OmVr h¢ Am¡a N>mÌ
n¶m©daU Ho$ gmW AÀN>m g‘m¶moOZ H$a gH$Vo h¢&
13.10 g‘m¶moOZ H$s {d{Y¶m±
~ÀMm| ‘| {ZaÝVa ahZo dmbr ^½Zmem, VZmd ¶m AÝVÛ©ÝÛ H$îQ>Xm¶r hmoZo Ho$
gmW emar[aH$ ñdmñ϶ Ho$ {bE ^r hm{ZH$maH$ hmoVo h¢& ~ÀMm| H$mo BZ H$îQ>Xm¶r
pñW{V¶m| go Xÿa aIZo H$m à¶ËZ H$aZm Mm{hE {’$a ^r ¶{X {H$Ýht H$maUm| go
BZH$m {eH$ma hmo OmVo h¢ Vmo BÝh| H$‘ AWdm g‘má H$aZo Ho$ ha gå^d Cnm¶
H$aZo Mm{hE& ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| Zo BÝh| H$‘ H$aZo Ho$ {bE Hw$N> {d{Y¶m| H$m dU©Z
{H$¶m h¡& BZ {d{Y¶m| H$m à¶moJ H$aZo go ~ÀMm| H$s ^½Zmem, ÛÝÛ Ed§ VZmd H$s
pñW{V ‘| H$‘r AmVr h¡ Am¡a do n¶m©daU Ho$ gmW g‘m¶moOZ H$aZo ‘| g‘W©
n¥îR> 261
hmoVo h¢& ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ BÝh| g‘m¶moOZ H$s ajmË‘H$ ¶wp³V¶m± ^r H$hVo h¢& BZ
{d{Y¶m| H$mo {ZåZ{b{IV Mma dJm] ‘| {d^m{OV {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡-
1. à˶j {d{Y¶m±
2. Aà˶j {d{Y¶m±
3. j{VnyaH$ {d{Y¶m±
4. AmH«$m‘H$ {d{Y¶m±
13.10.1 à˶j {d{Y¶m±
à˶j {d{Y¶m± do {d{Y¶m± h¢, {OZHo$ Ûmam ~mbH$ AWdm ì¶p³V MoVZmdñWm
‘| AnZo ‘mZ{gH$ VZmd H$mo Xÿa H$aZo H$m à¶mg H$aVm h¡& BZ {d{Y¶m| ‘| dh
AnZr VH©$ Ed§ {MÝVZ ep³V H$m à¶moJ H$aVm h¡& BZ à˶j {d{Y¶m| ‘| ‘w»¶
Cnm¶ h¢-
1. à¶ËZ ‘| gwYma
Bg {d{Y ‘| ~mbH$ AnZr Amdí¶H$VmAm| Ed§ BÀN>mAm| H$s ny{V© ‘| AmZo dmbr
~mYmAm| H$mo Xÿa H$aZo Ho$ {bE A{V[a³V à¶ËZ H$aVm h¡& AnZo bú¶ H$s n«m{á
‘| AmZo dmbr ~mYmAm| H$mo dh MwZm¡Vr Ho$ ê$n ‘| ñdrH$ma H$aVm h¡ Am¡a XmoJwZo
CËgmh go à¶ËZ H$a AnZr ~mYmAm| H$mo hQ>mVm h¡ Am¡a VZmd go ‘wp³V nmVm
h¡& O¡go- ¶{X H$moB© ~mbH$ E‘.~r.E. H$aZm MmhVm h¡, naÝVw dh A§J«oOr ^mfm
kmZ Ho$ A^md ‘| M¶Z narjm ‘| g’$b Zht hmo nmVm h¡ Am¡a M¶Z narjm ‘|
g’$bVm àmá H$aZo hoVw dh df©^a gVV² Aä¶mg H$a A§J«oOr ^mfm H$m kmZ
àmá H$a boVm h¡ Am¡a df© Ho$ AÝV ‘| Am¶mo{OV E‘.~r.E. H$s M¶Z narjm ‘|
gpå‘{bV hmoH$a Cg‘| g’$b hmoVm h¡ Vmo Cgo à¶ËZ Ûmam gwYma H$hm OmVm h¡&
2. ‘mJm©ÝVrH$aU
Bg {d{Y ‘| ~mbH$ AnZo bú¶ H$s àm{á ‘| AmB© ê$H$mdQ> ¶m ~mYm H$mo AZoH$
à¶ËZm| Ûmam Xÿa Zht H$a nmVm Vmo dh Cgr Ho$ g‘ê$n Eogm bú¶ {ZYm©[aV
H$aVm h¡ Omo CgH$s BÀN>m Ed§ Ah§H$ma H$s gÝVwpîQ> H$aVm h¡ Am¡a dh CgHo$
{bE à¶ËZ H$aVm h¡ Am¡a Cg‘| g’$bVm àmá H$a AnZo ‘mZ{gH$ VZmd H$mo
Xÿa H$aVm h¡& O¡go- EH$ ì¶p³V AmB.E.Eg. Am°’$sga ~ZZm MmhVm h¡& BgHo$
{bE AZoH$ à¶ËZ H$aVm h¡, bo{H$Z Cgo g’$bVm Zht {‘bVr& BgHo$ níMmV²
dh AnZm ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$aVm h¡ Am¡a BÝOr{Z¶a ~ZZo H$m bú¶ {ZYm©[aV H$aVm
h¡& Bg bú¶ H$s àm{á Ho$ {bE dh à¶ËZ H$aVm h¡ Am¡a Cgo àmá H$aVm h¡&
Bg àH$ma dh AnZo VZmd H$mo Xÿa H$aVm h¡&
3. g‘n©U
Bg {d[Y ‘| ~mbH$ AnZo gmao à¶ËZm| Ûmam bú¶ H$s àm{á Zht H$a nmVm h¡
Vmo dh Bgo {Z¶{V ‘mZH$a EH$ Eogm bú¶ {ZYm©[aV H$aVm h¡ {Ogo dh AmgmZr
go àmá H$a gH$Vm h¡& O~ dh Aën à¶mg ‘| Bg bú¶ H$mo àmá H$a H$a
boVm h¡ Vmo Cgr go àgÝZ hmoH$a AnZo AmnH$mo gÝVwîQ> H$a boVm h¡ Am¡a dh
AnZo VZmd H$mo Xÿa H$aVm h¡& O¡go- AmB.E.Eg. Am°’$sga ~ZZo Ho$ {bE AZoH$
à¶ËZ H$aZo Ho$ ~mX ^r {H$gr ì¶p³V H$mo g’$bVm Zht {‘bVr h¡ Vmo dh ¶h
‘mZ boVm h¡ CgHo$ ^m½¶ ‘| ¶h ~ZZm Zht {bIm h¡ Am¡a dh H$moB© N>moQ>r-‘moQ>r
Zm¡H$ar T>±y‹T> boVm h¡ Am¡a Cgr go gÝVwîQ> hmo OmVm h¡&
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
n¥îR> 262
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
4. {díbofU Ed§ {ZU©¶
O~ ì¶p³V Ho$ gm‘Zo nañna {damoYr EH$ go A[YH$ bú¶ hmoVo h¢, Vmo dh ¶h
{ZU©¶ Zht H$a nmVm h¡ {H$ {H$go ñdrH$ma H$ao Am¡a {H$go N>mo‹S> Xo& Bg {d[Y
‘| dh AnZo gm‘Zo CnpñWV g^r n[apñW{V¶m| H$m, AnZr j‘Vm Ed§ ¶mo½¶Vm
H$m Ed§ C{MV-AZw{MV H$m VH©$, ~w{Õ Ed§ {MÝVZ Ûmam {díbofU H$aVm h¡,
{damoYr bú¶m| Ho$ JwU-Xmofm| H$m {ddoMZ H$aVm h¡ Am¡a AnZo Ed§ Aݶ Ho$ nyd©
Ho$ AZw^dm| H$m bm^ CR>mVo hþE Omo C{MV h¡ CgH$m {ZU©¶ H$aVm h¡& O¡go-
AmB©.E.Eg. H$s ghm¶H$ godmAm| Ho$ {bE H$moB© ì¶p³V g’$b hmo OmVm h¡& CgHo$
gm‘Zo Xmo {dH$ën hmoVo h¢- EH$ {dÎm A{YH$mar H$m nX J«hU H$aZm Am¡a Xÿgam
àemg{ZH$ godm ‘| H$moB© {Z¶wp³V boZm& XmoZm| ‘| go {H$gH$m M¶Z H$aZm R>rH$
hmoJm, BgHo$ {bE dh g^r n[apñW{V¶m| H$m {díbofU H$aVm h¡ Am¡a AnZr
A{^j‘Vm Ed§ ‘Zmod¥[Îm Ho$ AZwgma EH$ H$m M¶Z H$aVm h¡&
13.10.2 Aà˶j {d{Y¶m±
Aà˶j {d{Y¶m± do {d{Y¶m± h¢, {OÝh| ì¶p³V AMoVZ ê$n ‘| AnZmVm h¡& VZmd
go CËnÝZ Xw…IX AZw^y{V¶m| go ~MZo Ho$ {bE ì¶p³V Ho$ AMoVZ ‘Z ‘| Hw$N>
à{H«$¶mE± MbVr h¢ Omo ñdV… hr hmoVr ahVr h¢& ì¶p³V H$mo BZH$m kmZ ^r
Zht hmo nmVm Am¡a BZ à{H«$¶mAm| H$mo dh AnZo ‘Z ‘| H$ënZm Ho$ Ûmam MbmVm
ahVm h¡& Bggo CgH$m VZmd AñWm¶r ê$n go H$‘ hmo OmVm h¡& BZ à{H«$¶mAm|
Ûmam VZmd go hmoZo dmbr Xþ…IX AZw^y{V¶m± H$‘ hmoVr h¢, AV… BÝh| ajmË‘H$
¶wp³V¶m± ^r H$hm OmVm h¡& g‘m¶moOZ H$aZo H$s AWdm VZmd H$‘ H$aZo H$s
‘hÎdnyU© ajmË‘H$ ¶wp³V¶m± {ZåZ h¢-
1. X‘Z
X‘Z H$m AW© h¡- BÀN>mAm| AWdm H$m‘ZmAm| H$mo ñdVÝÌ ê$n go àH$Q> Z
hmoZo XoZm& Bg ¶wp³V ‘| ì¶p³V AnZr Xþ…IX AZw^y{V¶m|, ÛÝÛ Ed§ Adm§N>Zr¶
BÀN>mAm| H$mo AnZo AMoVZ ‘Z ‘| X~m XoVm h¡& Eogm ‘mZm OmVm h¡ {H$ OÝ‘OmV
àoaH$m| na AmYm[aV ì¶dhma àm¶… g‘mO {damoYr hmoVo h¢, CZ‘| Z¡{VH$Vm Ed§
AmXe© {damoYr VÎd ahVo h¢& AV… ì¶p³V BZ g‘mO {damoYr BÀN>mAm| H$m X‘Z
H$a XoVm h¡&
2. à{VJ‘Z
à{VJ‘Z H$m AW© h¡ nrN>o bm¡Q>Zm& Bg ¶wp³V ‘| ì¶p³V AnZo AgÝVmof, VZmd
Ed§ Xþ…IX pñW{V AWdm AZw^y{V go ‘wp³V nmZo Ho$ {bE AnZo CZ nyd© AZw^dm|
Am¡a à{H«$¶mAm| H$s Amoa bm¡Q> OmVm h¡ {OÝh| dh ~më¶mdñWm ‘| {H$¶m H$aVm
Wm& O¡go- H$moB© ì¶p³V ߶ma ‘| Ag’$b hmoZo na AnZr BÀN>mAm| H$mo àH$Q>
H$aZo Ho$ {bE Jw{‹S>¶m go ào‘ àX{e©V H$aVm h¡ AWdm àm¡‹T> ì¶p³V H$^r-H$^r
~ÀMm| O¡gm ì¶dhma- amoZm, {MëbmZm, n¡a nQ>H$Zm, ‘°w§h ~ZmZm Am¡a VwVbm H$a
~mobZm Am{X H$aZo bJVm h¡&
3. emoYZ
emoYZ H$m gm‘mݶ AW© h¡ ewÕ H$aZm& ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ ^mfm ‘§o ¶hm± emoYZ H$mo
EH$ ¶wp³V Ho$ ê$n ‘| à¶w³V {H$¶m J¶m h¡ {OgH$m VmËn¶© h¡- AMoVZ ‘Z
H$s dh ‘mZ{gH$ à[H«$¶m {OgHo$ Ûmam ì¶p³V H$s Adm§N>Zr¶ Amdí¶H$VmAm|
Ed§ BÀN>mAm| H$mo Eogo H¥${Ì‘ nj H$s Amoa ‘mo‹S> {X¶m OmVm h¡ {Ogo g‘mO H$s
g‘m¶moOZ àJʶ
ñdrH¥${V àmá hmoVr h¡& O¡go- {H$gr ì¶p³V Ûmam AnZr H$m‘ àd¥[Îm H$mo H$bm,
g§JrV, Y‘© Am¡a Xe©Z H$s Amoa ‘mo‹S> XoZm&
4. nbm¶Z
nbm¶Z H$m AW© h¡- nrN>o hQ>Zm& Bg ¶wp³V ‘| ì¶p³V Xþ…IX ¶m VZmd CËnÝZ
H$aZo dmbr n[apñW{V¶m| go AnZo AmnH$mo AbJ H$a boVm h¡& O¡go- {H$gr N>mÌ
Ûmam {dÚmb¶ ‘| {H$gr g‘yh Ûmam ~ma-~ma AdhobZm H$aZo, CgH$m ‘OmH$
~ZmZo ¶m {M‹T>mZo na C³V g‘yh H$mo N>mo‹S>H$a Xÿgao g‘yh ‘| gpå‘{bV hmoZm&
www.praganya.org
5. {XdmñdßZ
{XdmñdßZ H$m AW© h¡- H$ënZm OJV² ‘| {dMaU H$aZm& Bg ¶wp³V Ûmam
ì¶p³V AnZr Xþ…IX AZw^y{V¶m| go Nw>Q>H$mam nmZo Ho$ {bE dV©‘mZ go hQ>H$a
H$ënZm bmoH$ ‘| {dMaU H$aZo bJVm h¡ Am¡a Bggo Cgo gwIX AZw^y{V hmoVr h¡&
{XdmñdßZ Ûmam dh AnZr Ag’$bVmAm| Ed§ VZmd H$s pñW{V¶m| H$mo g’$bVm
Ed§ gwIX pñW{V¶m| ‘| ~Xb XoVm h¡ Am¡a Hw$N> g‘¶ Ho$ {bE g§Vmof H$m AZw^d
H$aVm h¡ Ed§ AnZo ‘mZ{gH$ VZmd H$mo H$‘ H$aVm h¡& O¡go- narjm ‘| ~ma-~ma
www.praganya.org Ag’$b hmoZo dmbm N>mÌ H$ënZm ‘| AnZo AmnH$mo g’$bV‘ Ed§ ¶mo½¶ A{YH$mar
Ho$ ê$n ‘| XoI gH$Vm h¡&
6. VmXmˑrH$aU
VmXmË‘rH$aU H$m gm‘mݶ AW© h¡- AnZo H$mo {H$gr Ho$ O¡gm g‘PZm& Bg
¶wp³V Ûmam Ag’$b ì¶p³V AnZo AmnH$m {H$gr g’$b Ed§ JwUdmZ² ì¶p³V Ho$
gmW VmXmË‘¶ ñWm{nV H$a CgHo$ JwUm| Ed§ H¥$˶m| H$mo AnZo ‘| XoIZo bJVm h¡&
¶h àd¥[Îm gm‘mݶV… g^r ì¶p³V¶m| ‘| nmB© OmVr h¡& O¡go- H$moB© ~mbH$ AnZr
CnbpãY H$s ݶyZVm H$mo AnZo {dÛmZ² {nVm Ho$ Zm‘ go ¶h H$hH$a {N>nmVm h¡
www.praganya.org
{H$ ‘¢ A‘wH$ {dÛmZ² H$m nwÌ h±ÿ& ¶hm± dh AnZo ñd¶§ Ho$ JwU-AdJwU H$mo {N>nmZo
H$m à¶mg H$aVm h¡& AnZr H$‘Omoar {N>nmZo Ho$ {bE H$^r-H$^r ì¶p³V AnZo
ImZXmZ Ho$ Zm‘ go AnZm n[aM¶ XoVo h¢& Bg VmXmË‘rH$aU Ho$ H$maU ì¶p³V
‘| hrZVm Ho$ ^md H$‘ hmo OmVo h¢ Am¡a VZmd ‘| H$‘r AmVr h¡&
7. Am{lV hmoZm
Am{lV hmoZo H$m AW© h¡ g‘{n©V hmoZm& O~ ì¶p³V AnZo gmao à¶mgm| Ho$
~mX ^r Ag’$b hmoVm h¡ Vmo AnZo VZmd H$mo H$‘ H$aZo Ho$ {bE {H$gr g~b
AWdm A{YH$ ~w{Õ‘mZ ì¶p³V Ho$ gm‘Zo g‘n©U H$a XoVm h¡ Am¡a CgHo$ H$ho
AZwgma AnZo {H«$¶mH$bmn H$aZo bJVm h¡& Bg ¶wp³V go ì¶p³V H$m VZmd Vmo
Xÿa hmoVm hr h¡ gmW hr XmoZm| Ho$ gpå‘{bV à¶mg go H$B© g‘ñ¶mE± ^r hb H$s
Om gH$Vr h¢&
8. Am¡{M˶ ñWmnZ
Am¡{M˶ ñWmnZ H$m AW© hmoVm h¡- {H$gr H$maU H$s ImoO H$aZm& Bg ¶wp³V
‘| ì¶{³V AnZr Ag’$bVm Ho$ {bE dmñV{dH$ H$maU H$mo Z XoIH$a H$moB© Eogm
H$maU T>T‹y± >Vm h¡ Omo Cgo H$‘ VH$br’$ XoVm h¡& O¡g-
o {dÚmb¶ ‘| Xoar go AmZo na
N>mÌ AnZr K‹S>r H$mo Xmof XoVm h¡ {H$ dh Yr‘r Mb ahr h¡ ¶m dh Iam~ hmo JB© h¡&
9. àjonU
àjonU H$m gm‘mݶ AW© h¡- {H$gr na ’|$H$Zm ¶m S>mbZm& Bg ¶wp³V ‘|
ì¶p³V AnZr Ag’$bVm H$m Xmof {H$gr Aݶ na S>mb XoVm h¡ Am¡a Bg àH$ma
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
àJʶ g‘m¶moOZ
AnZo VZmd H$mo H$‘ H$aVm h¡& O¡go- gmjmËH$ma ‘| Ag’$b hmoZo na AnZr
H$‘r H$mo gmjmËH$ma boZo dmbo ì¶p³V¶m| na ¶h H$hH$a S>mb XoZm {H$ CÝhm|Zo
njnmV {H$¶m h¡ AWdm CÝhm|Zo Vmo nhbo hr V¶ H$a aIm Wm {H$ {H$gH$m
M¶Z H$aZm h¡&
13.10.3 j{VnyaH$ {d{Y¶m±
Eogr {d{Y¶m±, {OZ‘| ì¶p³V EH$ joÌ H$s H$‘r H$mo Xÿgao joÌ ‘| Hw$ebVm àmá
H$aHo$ AWdm Cgr joÌ ‘| A{YH$ n[al‘ H$aHo$ nyam H$aVm h¡, j{VnyaH$ {d{Y¶m±
H$hbmVr h¡& Bg {d{Y go VmËn¶© A{V[a³V ep³V H$m JwUm| Ho$ {dH$mg ‘| à¶moJ
H$aZm h¡, {Oggo {H$ dmñV{dH$ ¶m H$mën{ZH$ Ag’$bVm Ho$ H$maU CËnÝZ
VZmdm| H$mo H$‘ {H$¶m Om gHo$& O¡go- ~mbH$ narjm ‘| Ag’$b hmoZo na AJbr
narjm Ho$ {bE amV-{XZ n[al‘ H$aVm h¡ Am¡a AÀN>o A§H$ àmá H$aVm h¡,
AWdm EH$ AÀN>m {Ibm‹S>r Z ~ZZo na dh Hw$eb d³Vm Ed§ ZoVm ~ZH$a AnZo
VZmd H$mo Xÿa H$aVm h¡&
13.10.4 AmH«$m‘H$ {d{Y¶m±
AmH«$m‘H$ {d{Y¶m± do {d[Y¶m± h¢, {OZ‘| ì¶p³V AnZr Amdí¶H$VmAm| Ed§
BÀN>mAm| H$s ny{V© ‘| ~mYH$ ~Zo VÎdm| H$mo MmoQ> AWdm hm{Z nhþ±MmH$a Xÿa H$aVm
h¡ Am¡a ‘mZ{gH$ gÝVmof àmá H$aVm h¡& AmH«$m‘H$Vm à˶j Ed§ Aà˶j XmoZm|
ê$n ‘| hmo gH$Vr h¡& à˶j AmH«$m‘H$Vm ‘| ì¶p³V ñd¶§ ~mYmAm| H$mo MmoQ> Z
nhþ±MmH$a Aݶ VÎdm| H$mo hm{Z nhþ±MmVm h¡& O¡go- narjm ‘| ZH$b H$aVo nH$‹S>o
OmZo na N>mÌ Ûmam {ZarjH$ na AmH«$‘U H$aZm (à˶j AmH«$m‘H$Vm) AWdm
{ZarjH$ na h‘bm Z H$a ~mha AmH$a AnZo {‘Ìm|, N>moQ>o ^mB© ~{hZm| na Jwñgo
H$mo CVmaZm (Aà˶j AmH«$m‘H$Vm)&
13.11 Hw$g‘m¶moOZ
Hw$g‘m¶moOZ dh à{H«$¶m h¡, {Og‘| ì¶{³V O¡{dH$, ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ Am¡a
gm‘m{OH$ Amdí¶H$VmAm| H$mo g’$bVmnyd©H$ gÝVwîQ> H$aZo ‘| Ag’$b hmoVm h¡&
dh ì¶p³VJV Amdí¶H$VmAm| Am¡a g‘mO H$s AmímmZwê$n Amdí¶H$VmAm| Ho$
‘ܶ gÝVwbZ Zht aI nmVm h¡, Am¡a CgH$m ‘Zmo-gm‘§Oñ¶ {~J‹S> OmVm h¡&
Hw$g‘m¶mo{OV ~mbH$ dh ~mbH$ hmoVm h¡ Omo AnZo AmnH$mo AnZo
dmVmdaU ‘| g‘m¶mo{OV Zht H$a gH$Vm& {Oggo CgH$m A{YJ‘ à^m{dV hmoVm
h¡ Am¡a AÀN>r CnbpãY Zht Xem©Vm&
Hw$g‘m¶moOZ OrdZ H$s g‘ñ¶mAm| ‘| ñd¶§ H$mo AnZr n[apñW{V go
AZwHy${bV Z H$a nmZo Ho$ H$maU hmoVm h¡& OrdZ H$s ‘w»¶ g‘ñ¶mAm| H$mo VrZ
dJm] ‘| {d^m{OV {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡&
1. do g‘ñ¶mE±, Omo emar[aH$ Am¡a ^m¡{VH$ Amdí¶H$VmAm| go CËnÝZ
hmoVr h¡ Am¡a {OZH$m gå~ÝY ^moOZ, àl¶, Amdmg, ^m¡{VH$ g§H$Q>m|
go g§ajU Am{X go hmoVm h¡&
2. do g‘ñ¶mE±, Omo ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ Amdí¶H$VmAm| go n¡Xm hmoVr h¡,
O¡go- gwI-gw{dYm, gÝVmof Am¡a H$îQ> go ‘w{³V H$s Amdí¶H$Vm,
ñdrH¥${V, ñdVÝÌVm, AmË‘gå‘mZ, g’$bVm Am¡a {g{Õ H$s
Amdí¶H$Vm Am¡a gwajm, ñZoh, AnZo gmWr go AmXa Am¡a VXr¶Ëd
n¥îR> 263
H$s ^mdZm H$s Amdí¶H$Vm&
3. do g‘ñ¶mE±, Omo ì¶p³V Ho$ gm‘m{OH$ Am¡a gm§ñH¥${VH$ n¶m©daU
go gm‘m{OH$ ar{V-[admOm| Am¡a {ZfoY go gm‘m{OH$ ‘m±Jm| Am¡a
à{V~ÝY go g‘mO ‘| {Z{hV g§Kfm] go CËnÝZ hmoVr h¡&
g‘m¶moOZ H$s g‘ñ¶m H$s A{YH$Vm Eogr Amdí¶H$Vm Ho$ àm~ë¶
Am¡a Vrd«Vm na {Z^©a H$aVr h¡, {OgH$s nwpîQ> Zht hmo nmVr h¡& {H$g gr‘m
VH$ CgH$s VwpîQ> H${R>Z hmo ahr h¡, {H$g hX VH$ CgH$s VwpîQ> H$m A^md
Aݶ àM§S> Am¡a AmYma^yV Amdí¶H$VmAm| H$s nwpîQ> H$mo à^m{dV H$a ahm h¡,
VZmd Am¡a ‘m¡g‘ H$s H${R>ZmB¶m| H$m Omoa ghZ H$aZo H$s ì¶p³V gå^mdr
j‘VmE± {H$g hX VH$ n¶m©daU H$s Amdí¶H$ ny{V© Ho$ AZwHy$b h¢, CgH$m AmË‘
à˶¶ Omo CgH$s Amdí¶H$VmAm| H$s Hw$ÊR>m H$s MoVZm H$mo à^m{dV H$aVm h¡
CgH$s gm‘m{OH$ ^mdZm Omo {H$ CgH$s Amdí¶H$VmAm| H$s ny{V© Xÿgam| H$s
Û¡Y Amdí¶H$VmAm| H$s ny{V© ‘| ~mYm Zht S>mbVr Am{X g‘ñ¶mE± Am¡a Aݶ
O{Q>bVmE± gm‘Zo Am gH$Vr h¢&
13.12 Hw$g‘m¶moOZ Ho$ ê$n
ì¶mdhm[aH$ OJV² ‘| g‘m¶moOZ H$m ‘mJ© ì¶p³V Ho$ {bE AZoH$ ~mYmAm|
H$îQ>H$maH$$n[apñW{V¶m| go n[anyU© ahVm h¡& g‘m¶moOZ Ho$ ‘mJ© ‘| AmZo dmbr
Bg àH$ma H$s à{VHy$b n[apñW{V¶m± VWm ~mYmE± ‘w»¶V… VrZ àH$ma H$s hmoVr
h¢, Omo {ZåZ àH$ma h¢-
1. ^½Zmem ¶m Hw$ÊR>m
2. VZmd
3. AÝVÛ©ÝÛ&
13.13 ^½Zmem
¶h gmd©^m¡{‘H$ g˶ h¡ {H$ ì¶p³V H$s AZoH$ BÀN>mE± VWm Amdí¶H$VmE± hmoVr
h¢& dh CZH$mo gÝVwîQ> H$aZo H$m h‘oem à¶ËZ H$aVm h¡, bo{H$Z ¶h Amdí¶H$
Zht h¡ {H$ dh Bg Vah Ho$ à¶mg ‘| g’$b hr hmo& CgHo$ ‘mJ© ‘| AZoH$ ~mYmE±
Am gH$Vr h¢& ¶o ~mYmE± CgH$s AmemAm| H$mo nyU© ê$n go ¶m Am§{eH$ ê$n go
^§J H$a gH$Vr h¢& Bg Vah H$s Xem ‘| dh ^½Zmem H$m AZw^d H$aZo bJVm
h¡& O¡go- h‘ àmV…H$mb Mma ~Oo H$s Jm‹S>r go nQ>Zm OmZm MmhVo h¢& h‘ g‘¶
go nhbo CR>Zo Ho$ {bE Abm‘© K‹‹S>r ‘| Mm~r bJm XoVo h¢, bo{H$Z dh ~OVr Zht
h¡& AV… h‘ OmJ Zht nmVo h¢ VWm nQ>Zm OmZo go ê$H$ OmVo h¢& ¶m ‘mZ {b¶m
OmE {H$ h‘ g‘¶ na ñQ>oeZ nhþ±M OmVo h¢, bo{H$Z ^r‹S> Ho$ H$maU h‘| {Q>H$Q>
Zht {‘b nmVr h¡ ¶m h‘ Jm‹S>r ‘| Zht ~¡R> nmVo h¢ VWm dh Mbr OmVr h¡& XmoZm|
XemAm| ‘| nQ>Zm OmZo H$s h‘mar BÀN>m ‘| AdamoY CËnÝZ hmo OmVm h¡& dh nyU©
Zht hmoVm h¡, {OgHo$ ’$bñdê$n h‘ ^½Zmem H$m {eH$ma hmo OmVo h¢&
Bg Vah, h‘ H$h gH$Vo h¢ {H$ ^½Zmem, VZmd VWm Ag‘m¶moOZ H$s
dh Xem h¡, Omo h‘mar {H$gr BÀN>m ¶m Amdí¶H$Vm Ho$ ‘mJ© ‘| ~mYm AmZo go
CËnÝZ hmoVr h¡&
^½Zmem Ho$ AW© H$mo A{YH$ ñnîQ> H$aZo Ho$ {bE {ZåZ{b{IV n[a^mfmE±
Xr Om ahr h¢-
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
n¥îR> 264
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
1. JwS> Ho$ AZwgma-
{H$gr BÀN>m ¶m Amdí¶H$Vm ‘| ~mYm n‹S>Zo go CËnÝZ hmoZo dmbm g§doJmË‘H$ VZmd&
2. H$mobog{ZH$ Ho$ AZwgma-
^½Zmem Cg Amdí¶H$Vm H$s ny{V© ¶m bú¶ H$s àm{á ‘| Adê$Õ hmoZo ¶m {Zî’$b
hmoZo H$s ^mdZm h¡, {Ogo ì¶p³V ‘hÎdnyU© g‘PVm h¡&
13.13.1 ^½Zmem Ho$ àH$ma
^½Zmem Xmo àH$ma H$s hmoVr h¡-
1. ~mø ^½Zmem
~mø ^½Zmem Cg n[apñW{V H$m ’$b hmoVm h¡, {Og‘| H$moB© ~mø ~mYm ì¶p³V
H$mo AnZm bú¶ àmá H$aZo go amoH$Vr h¡& O¡go- ^m¡{VH$ ~mYmAm|, {Z¶‘m|,
H$mZyZm| ¶m Xÿgam| Ho$ A[YH$mam| ¶m BÀN>mAm| Ho$ n[aUm‘ñdê$n ~mhar ^½Zmem
hmo gH$Vr h¡&
2. AmÝV[aH$ ^½Zmem
AmÝV[aH$ ^½Zmem Cg ~mYm H$m ’$b hmoVm h¡, Omo ñd¶§ ì¶p³V ‘| nmB©
OmVr h¡& O¡go- ^¶ Omo ì¶p³V H$mo AnZm bú¶ àmá H$aZo go amoH$Vm h¡ ¶m
ì¶p³VJV H${‘¶m| (O¡go- n¶m©á kmZ, ep³V, gmhg ¶m Hw$ebVm H$m A^md)
Ho$ n[aUm‘ñdê$n AmÝV[aH$ ^½Zmem hmo gH$Vr h¡&
13.13.2 ^½Zmem Ed§ ì¶dhma
àm¶… ^½Zmem H$s Xem ‘| ~mbH$ Mma àH$ma H$m ì¶dhma H$aVm h¡-
1. dh AmH«$‘UH$mar ~Z OmVm h¡&
2. dh AmË‘g‘n©U H$a XoVm h¡&
3. dh Hw$N> g‘¶ Ho$ {bE EH$m§Vdmgr ~Z OmVm h¡&
4. dh {H$gr amoJ go J«ñV hmoZo H$m {dMma H$aVm h¡, bo{H$Z ¶h H$moB©
Amdí¶H$ Zht h¡ {H$ Bg àH$ma H$m H$moB© ì¶dhma H$aZo dmbm ~mbH$
^½Zmem H$m {eH$ma hmoVm h¡&
Bg {dMma H$s nwpîQ> H$aVo hþE ‘mog© Ed§ qdJmo Zo H$hm h¡ {H$-
Omo ì¶p³V, ^½Zmem H$m {eH$ma hmoVm h¡, dh BZ Mmam| àH$ma Ho$ ì¶dhma ‘| {H$gr
àH$ma H$m ì¶dhma H$aVm h¡, na ¶h Amdí¶H$ Zht h¡ {H$ BZ Mmam| àH$ma Ho$ ì¶dhmam|
‘| go {H$gr àH$ma H$m ì¶dhma H$aZo dmbm ì¶p³V, ^½Zmem H$m {eH$ma h¡&
13.13.3 ^½Zmem Ho$ H$maU
JoQ²>g Ed§ Aݶ Ho$ AZwgma, ^½Zmem Ho$ {ZåZ{b{IV H$maU hmo gH$Vo h¢-
1. emar[aH$ Xmof Ho$ H$maU
ì¶p³V Ho$ emar[aH$ Xmof CgH$s BÀN>mAm| na dO« àhma H$aVo h¢& ~ham ~mbH$
g§JrV Ho$ AmZ§X go d§{MV ah OmVm h¡& A§Ym ~mbH$ àH¥${V Ho$ gm¡ÝX¶© H$m
AZw^d Zht H$a gH$Vm h¡& Bg àH$ma, eara Ho$ Xmof ì¶p³V H$s AmH$m§jmAm|
H$mo AnyU© aIH$a Cgo ^½Zmem H$m {eH$ma ~Zm XoVo h¢&
2. Z¡{VH$ AmXe© H$m H$maU
ì¶p³V Ho$ Z¡{VH$ AmXe© CgH$s BÀN>m ‘| AdamoY CËnÝZ H$aVo h¢& dh AnZo
g‘m¶moOZ àJʶ
jwYm-nr{‹S>V ~ÀMm| H$m noQ> ^aZo Ho$ {bE Mmoar H$aZm MmhVm h¡, bo{H$Z CZH$m
Z¡{VH$ AmXe© Cgo Bg Vah H$m H$m¶© H$aZo H$s Amkm Zht XoVm h¡& AV… Cg‘|
^½Zmem CËnÝZ hmo OmVr h¡&
3. ^m¡{VH$ dmVmdaU H$m H$maU
ì¶p³V H$s ^moOZ-gå~ÝYr AZoH$ AmYma^yV Amdí¶H$VmE± hmoVr h¢, na
^m¡{VH$ dmVmdaU CZH$s ny{V© ‘| ~mYm CnpñWV H$a gH$Vm h¡& ~m‹T>, AH$mb
¶m ^yMmb Ho$ H$maU ’$gb ZîQ> hmo OmVr h¡& n[aUm‘ñdê$n ì¶p³V ‘| ^½Zmem
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H$s CËn[Îm ñdm^m{dH$ h¡&
4. gm‘m{OH$ dmVmdaU H$m H$maU
g‘mO H$m gXñ¶ hmoZo Ho$ H$maU ì¶p³V H$mo gm‘m{OH$ dmVmdaU ‘| AZwHy$bZ
H$aZm n‹S>Vm h¡& Cgo g‘mO Ho$ {Z¶‘m|, AmXem], naånamAm| Am¡a ‘mݶVmAm|
Ho$ {dê$Õ AmMaU H$aZo H$m A{YH$ma Zht hmoVm h¡& ^maV ‘| eyÐmo|, O‘©Zr ‘|
¶hÿ{X¶m|, A‘arH$m ‘| ZrJ«mo Om{V Ho$ bmoJm| H$mo g‘mO Ho$ {Z¶‘ Á¶mXm A{YH$ma
àXmZ Zht H$aVo h¢& ñdVÝÌVm Ho$ AmYw{ZH$ ¶wJ ‘| Bg àH$ma Ho$ à{V~§Y CZH$mo
www.praganya.org ^½Zmem H$m {eH$ma ~Zm XoVo h¢&
5. {damoYr BÀN>mAm| H$m H$maU
ì¶p³V H$s Xmo {damoYr BÀN>mAm| ‘| go ‘mÌ EH$ hr nyar hmo gH$Vr h¡& O¡go- EH$
Zd¶wdH$ {ddmh ^r H$aZm MmhVm h¡ Am¡a {dXoe OmH$a CÀM Aܶ¶Z ^r H$aZm
MmhVm h¡& EH$ Zd¶wdVr Zm¡H$ar ^r H$aZm MmhVr h¡ Am¡a AnZo ^«‘U H$aZo dmbo
n{V Ho$ gmW ahZm ^r MmhVr h¡& ¶o XmoZm| Ho$db AnZr EH$ hr BÀN>m nyar H$a
nmVo h¢& AV… Xÿgar BÀN>m CZ‘| ^½Zmem CËnÝZ H$a XoVr h¡&
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6. {damoYr CÔoí¶ H$m H$maU
ì¶p³V AnZo Xmo {damoYr CÔoí¶m| ‘| go Ho$db EH$ H$mo hr àmá H$a gH$Vm h¡&
O¡go- EH$ ¶wdVr AnZo Xmo ào{‘¶m| Ho$ gmW OrdZ ì¶VrV H$aZo Ho$ CÔoí¶ H$mo
àmá H$aZo ‘| g’$b {gÕ Zht hmo gH$Vr h¡& dh CZ‘| go Ho$db EH$ H$m MwZmd
H$a gH$Vr h¡& Bg Vah Aàm߶ CÔoí¶ CgH$s ^½Zmem H$m H$aU ~Z OmVm h¡&
7. Aݶ ì¶p³V H$m H$maU
ì¶p³V H$s Hw$N> BÀN>mAm| ‘| Xÿgao bmoJ ~mYm CnpñWV H$aVo h¢& ~ÀMo ‘obm,
V‘mem ¶m {gZo‘m XoIZo OmZm MmhVo h¢, na CZH$mo AnZo ‘mVm-{nVm H$s Amkm
Zht {‘bVr h¡& ~ÀMm| H$s BÀN>mE± AdamoY Ho$ H$maU nyar Zht hmoVr h¢& AV… do
^½Zmem H$m {eH$ma hmo OmVo h¢&
8. Am{W©H$ ~mYm H$m H$maU
Am{W©H$ ~mYm ì¶p³V H$s BÀN>mAm| Am¡a Amdí¶H$VmAm| Ho$ ‘mJ© ‘| à~b AdamoY
CËnÝZ H$aVr h¡& YZm^md Ho$ H$maU Cgo ^anoQ> ^moOZ Am¡a nhZZo H$mo H$n‹S>o
Zgr~ Zht hmoVo h¢& AV… dh ^½Zmem H$s Ma‘ gr‘m na nhþ±MH$a g‘mO Ho$
{dê$Õ {dÐmoh H$aVm h¡& ’«$m§g Am¡a ê$g H$s H«$mpÝV¶m± BgHo$ ÁdbÝV CXmhaU
h¢&
{ZîH$f©V… ^½Zmem ¶m Hw$ÊR>m H$m ‘Zwî¶ Ho$ ì¶p³VËd VWm OrdZ ì¶dhma
na ~hþV hr ~wam à^md n‹S>Vm h¡& ì¶p³V Ho$ {dH$mg ‘| ^½Zmem AZoH$m| ~mYmE±
CËnÝZ H$aVr h¡& ì¶p³V H$s ^mdmË‘H$ Xem ApñWa hmo OmVr h¡ VWm Ag§VwbZ
~‹T>Zo Ho$ H$maU ì¶dhma ApñWa VWm Ag§¶V hmo OmVm h¡& Agm‘mݶVm àH$Q>
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
àJʶ
hmoVr h¡ VWm Agm‘m{OH$Vm {dH${gV hmoZo bJVr h¡& ‘mZ{gH$ VZmd ~‹T>Vo h¢
VWm ì¶p³V H$m ‘mZ{gH$ ñdmñ϶ {dH¥$V hmoZo bJVm h¡&
Bg Vah H$s pñW{V ‘| ¶h Amdí¶H$ h¡ {H$ ^½Zmem Ho$ H$maUm| H$s
ImoO H$s OmE VWm CÝh| Xÿa H$aHo$ ì¶p³V H$mo ‘mZ{gH$ ê$n go ñdñW ~ZmZo
H$m ^anya à¶mg {H$¶m OmE&
13.14 VZmd
VZmd ì¶p³V H$s emar[aH$ VWm ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ Xem hmoVr h¡& ¶h Cg‘| CÎmoOZm
VWm Ag§VwbZ CËnÝZ H$a XoVm h¡ VWm Cgo n[apñW{V H$m gm‘Zm H$aZo Ho$
{bE {H«$¶merb ~ZmVm h¡& O¡go- O~ ì¶p³V H$mo ^yI bJVr h¡, V~ Cg‘|
VZmd CËnÝZ hmo OmVm h¡& CgH$s ^yI {OVZr A{YH$ hmoVr OmVr h¡ CVZr hr
A{YH$ Cg‘| VZmd hmoVm OmVm h¡& ¶h VZmd Cgo ^moOZ H$s ImoO H$aZo Ho$
{bE {H«$¶merb ~ZmVr h¡& O~ Cgo ^moOZ {‘b OmVm h¡ VWm AnZr ^yI H$mo
emÝV H$a boVm h¡, V~ CgH$s AgÝVw{bV Xem ‘| gÝVwbZ Am OmVm h¡ VWm
Cg‘| CËnÝZ hmoZo dmbm VZmd g‘má hmo OmVm h¡& ^moOZ H$s Amdí¶H$Vm Ho$
Abmdm, VZmd Ho$ Am¡a ^r AZoH$ H$maU hmo gH$Vo h¢, O¡go- BÀN>m, bú¶,
An‘mZ, emar[aH$ Xmof B˶m{X&
VZmd H$s {ZåZ{b{IV n[a^mfmE± Xr Om gH$Vr h¢-
1. JoQ²>g d Aݶ Ho$ AZwgma-
VZmd Ag§VwbZ H$s Xem h¡, Omo àmUr H$mo AnZr CÎmo{OV Xem H$m A§V H$aZo Ho$
{bE H$moB© H$m¶© H$aZo Ho$ {bE ào[aV H$aVr h¢&
2. S´>oda Ho$ AZwgma-
g§VwbZ Ho$ ZîQ> hmoZo H$s gm‘mݶ ^mdZm Am¡a n[apñW{V Ho$ {H$gr A˶{YH$
g§H$Q>nyU© H$maH$ H$m gm‘Zm H$aZo Ho$ {bE ì¶dhma ‘| n[adV©Z H$aZo H$s VËnaVm&
13.15 AÝVÛ©ÝÛ
ì¶p³V H$s g‘m¶moOZ {H«$¶m H$mo à^m{dV H$aZo dmbm Hw$ÊR>m Ho$ A{V[a³V Xÿgam
H$maU AÝVÛ©ÝÛ ^r h¡& ‘mZd OrdZ ‘| Amaå^ go hr AÝVÛ©ÝÛ H$s n[apñW{V¶m±
OÝ‘ boVr ahVr h¢& EH$ {eew ^r AÝVÛ©ÝÛ go ANy>Vm Zht ahVm h¡, O~ dh
¶h AZw^d H$aVm h¡ {H$ ‘m± Cgo IobZo XoJr ¶m Zht, XÿY {nbmEJr ¶m Zht,
{Ibm¡Zm IobZo H$mo XoJr ¶m Zht AWdm Cggo ào‘ H$aoJr ¶m Zht& O~ {nVm
~mbH$ H$mo ~mha IobZo go ‘Zm H$aVo h¢, Vmo ~mbH$ ¶h AZw^d H$aVm h¡ {H$
dh ~mha IobZo OmE ¶m Zht& ³¶m H$ê±$ Am¡a ³¶m Z H$ê±$ ~g ¶hr pñW{V
AÝVÛ©ÝÛ h¡&
Hw$N> {dÛmZm| Zo AÝVÛ©ÝÛ H$mo {ZåZ àH$ma n[a^m{fV {H$¶m h¡-
1. boOmag Ho$ AZwgma-
AÝVÛ©ÝÛ Cg g‘¶ CËnÝZ hmoVm h¡, O~ EH$ ì¶p³V H$mo Xmo Ag§JV AWdm
nmañn[aH$ ê$n go {damoYr Amdí¶H$VmAm| H$s ny{V© H$mo àm¶… EH$ hr g‘¶ na nyam H$aZm
hmoVm h¡, AWdm O~ {dde hmoH$a EH$ Amdí¶H$Vm H$s ny{V© H$aZo na Xÿgar Amdí¶H$Vm
H$s ny{V© H$a nmZm Ag§^d hr hmo OVm h¡&
g‘m¶moOZ n¥îR> 265
2. dmo[a¨J VWm Aݶ Ho$ AZwgma-
AÝVÛ©ÝÛ ì¶p³V H$s dh AdñWm h¡ {Og‘| {damoYr V϶, g‘mZ ep³V¶m±, àoaUmE±
EH$ hr g‘¶ ‘| H$m¶©aV hmoVr h¢&
Bg àH$ma ¶h {ZîH$f© {ZH$bVm h¡ {H$ AÝVÛ©ÝÛ EH$ Jå^ra Xþ{dYm H$s
pñW{V h¡, ³¶m|{H$ AÝVÛ©ÝÛ Xmo nañna {damoYr Amdí¶H$VmAm| Ho$ à{V H$m¶©
nÕ{V H$s g§{H«$¶m h¡&
13.15.1 AÝVÛ©ÝÛ H$s AdñWmE±
‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ H$Q>© bo{dZ Ho$ AZwgma, MoVZ ñVa na AÝVÛ©ÝÛ H$s {ZåZ{b{IV
AdñWmE± hmoVr h¢-
1. CnmJ‘-CnmJ‘ AÝVÛ©ÝÛ
2. n[ahma-n[ahma AÝVÛ©ÝÛ
3. CnmJ‘-n[ahma AÝVÛ©ÝÛ
4. {Û‘wIr¶ CnmJ‘-n[ahma AÝVÛ©ÝÛ
1. CnmJ‘-CnmJ‘ AÝVÛ©ÝÛ
Bg àH$ma Ho$ AÝVÛ©ÝÛ ‘| ì¶p³V Ho$ ‘Z ‘| ¶h Xþ{dYm ahVr h¡ {H$ dh Xmo
g‘mZ bú¶m| ‘| go {H$go ñdrH$ma H$ao& {H$gr Zd¶wdVr Ho$ g‘j ¶{X Xmo Eogo
àñVmd h¢ {H$ {ddmh Ho$ {bE XmoZm| EH$X‘ AmH$f©H$ h¢ V~ dh ¶wdVr Bg
‘mZ{gH$ CbPZ ¶m AÝVÛ©ÝÛ ‘| ’§$g OmVr h¡ {H$ dh {H$go ñdrH$ma H$ao VWm
{H$go AñdrH$ma H$ao& O¡go- EH$ àñVmd ‘| ñdñW, gwÝXa d AmH$f©H$ ¶wdH$ h¡,
naÝVw gm‘mݶ n[adma go h¡ VWm Xÿgao àñVmd ‘| gaH$mar A{YH$mar h¡, naÝVw
gmYmaU gm ¶wdH$ h¡& Eogr pñW{V ‘| CgHo$ gm‘Zo ¶h ÛÝÛ CËnÝZ hmo OmVm
h¡ {H$ dh {H$go ñdrH$ma H$ao VWm {H$go AñdrH$ma H$ao&
2. n[ahma-n[ahma AÝVÛ©ÝÛ
Bg àH$ma Ho$ AÝVÛ©ÝÛ ‘| ì¶p³V Ho$ ‘Z ‘| ¶h Xþ{dYm hmoVr h¡ {H$ Xmo
g‘mZ g§H$Q>m| ‘| go {H$gH$m M¶Z H$ao& ì¶mdhm[aH$ OrdZ ‘| Eogr g§H$Q> H$s
n[apñW{V¶m± AmVr h¢& O¡go- EH$ ~r‘ma ~oQ>o go CgH$s ‘m± H$‹S>dr Xdm boZo ¶m
{’$a CgHo$ ñWmZ na B§Oo³eZ bJdmZo Ho$ {bE nyN>Vr h¡ V~ ~oQ>m ñdm^m{dH$
ê$n go XmoZm| H$îQ>H$maH$ n[apñW{V¶m| ‘| go {H$gr H$mo ^r ñdrH$ma H$aZo H$mo
V¡¶ma Zht hmoZm MmhVm, naÝVw g§H$Q> {ZdmaU Ho$ {bE Bg n[apñW{V go ~MZo
H$m H$moB© hb ^r Zht h¡& nm[adm[aH$ ‘m‘bm| ‘| ^r H$^r-H$^r Bgr àH$ma H$s
AÝVÛ©ÝÛ H$s AdñWmE± CËnÝZ hmoVr h¢, O~ ‘m± (gmg) VWm nËZr (~hÿ) ‘|
Q>H$amhQ> Ho$ MbVo {H$gH$m nj {b¶m OmE, ³¶m|{H$ ‘m± H$m nj boZo na nËZr
H$m àH$mon VWm nËZr H$m nj boZo na ‘m± Ho$ {Xb H$mo R>og nhþ±MZo H$s n[apñW{V
CËnÝZ hmoVr h¡& XmoZm| hr bú¶m| Ho$ à{V n[ahma-n[ahma H$s pñW{V ~ZVr h¡&
3. CnmJ‘-n[ahma AÝVÛ©ÝÛ
¶h AÝVÛ©ÝÛ Cg g‘¶ CËnÝZ hmoVm h¡, O~ {H$gr ì¶p³V Ho$ gm‘Zo Xmo
{damoYr bú¶ EH$ gmW gpå‘{bV hmoH$a ì¶dhma ‘| AÝVÛ©ÝÛmË‘H$ AdñWm
CËnÝZ H$a XoVo h¢& Bg AÝVÛ©ÝÛ ‘| ì¶p³V CnmJ‘ H$s Amoa AmH${f©V hmoH$a
~‹T>Zm MmhVm h¡, naÝVw Cg‘| Cgo ^¶àX n[apñW{V H$m à˶jrH$aU hmoVm h¡&
O¡go- EH$ ‘Yw‘oh Ho$ amoJr Ho$ gm‘Zo ñdm{XîQ> {‘R>mB© H$m hmoZm VWm gmW hr
CgHo$ godZ go amoJ H$m ~‹T>Zm Bg àH$ma Ho$ AÝVÛ©ÝÛ H$m CXmhaU h¡&
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
n¥îR> 266
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
4. {ÛñVar¶ CnmJ‘-n[ahma AÝVÛ©ÝÛ
Bg àH$ma Ho$ AÝVÛ©ÝÛ H$s pñW{V ‘| ì¶p³V Eogr Xmo gw{dYmAm| ‘| ’§$g OmVm
h¡ {H$ Cgo {H$gr ^r àH$ma H$m {ZU©¶ boZo ‘| gÝVw[îQ> Ho$ gmW-gmW {ZpíMV
ê$n go AgÝVwpîQ>> ^r {‘bVr h¡& H$moB© {dÚmWu O~ Iob ‘| ^r XjVm hm{gb
H$aZm Mmho Am¡a gmW hr gmW CÀM loUr go AnZr narjm ^r nmg H$aZm Mmho
V~ CgHo$ gå‘wI {ÛñVar¶ àH$ma H$m CnmJ‘-n[ahma AÝVÛ©ÝÛ ahVm h¡& Iob
‘| Xj hmoZo na ‘hm{dÚmb¶ ‘| bmoH${à¶Vm, naÝVw Iob ‘| A{YH$ g‘¶ XoZo na
narjm ‘| CÀM loUr Z AmZo H$m ^¶& Xÿgar Amoa e¡{jH$ CnbpãY go ‘mVm-
{nVm H$m AZw‘moXZ, naÝVw Aܶ¶Z ‘| aV ahZo na {‘Ìm| go Xÿar&
Cn¶w©³V {d{^ÝZ àH$ma Ho$ AÝVÛ©ÝÛm| H$mo gmYmaU ¶wdH$ VWm ¶wd{V¶m±
Ed§ {dÚmWu AZw^d Ho$ A^md ‘| VWm erK« {ZU©¶ Z bo nmZo H$s pñW{V ‘|
AÝVÛ©ÝÛ ‘| ’§$gH$a ‘Zmo-emar[aH$ ~r‘m[a¶m| Ho$ {eH$ma hmo OmVo h¢ VWm OrdZ
H$m gwì¶dpñWV ‘mJ© V¶ Zht H$a nmVo h¢& AV… ^{dî¶ A§YH$ma‘¶ hmo OmVm
h¡& Eogr pñW{V ‘| ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ VWm ‘ZmonMmar H$m {ZX}eZ AnZr ‘hÎdnyU©
^y{‘H$m {Z^mVm h¡&
AÝVÛ©ÝÛm| H$m ñdê$n AMoVZ ñVa na ^r hmoVm h¡, {Og‘| BX‘² Ed§
Ah‘² Ho$ gmW BX‘² Ed§ Z¡{VH$ ‘Z XoIm OmVm h¡& gm§gm[aH$ VWm ì¶mdhm[aH$
OrdZ ‘| BX‘² Ed§ Z¡{VH$ ‘Z H$s H$R>moa àd¥[Îm¶m± àm¶… Hw$g‘m¶moOZ H$s Amoa
CÝ‘wI ahVr h¢&
13.16 Hw$g‘m¶moOZ Ho$ H$maU
¶h ~mV nyar Vah gM h¡ {H$ EH$ ì¶p³V Cg g‘¶ VH$ ¶m CVZr hr gr‘m
VH$ nyar Vah g‘m¶mo{OV ahVm h¡, O~ VH$ {H$ CgH$s ‘yb^yV Amdí¶H$VmAm|
(emar[aH$ VWm gm‘m{OH$-‘Zmod¡km{ZH$) H$s CgH$s AnZr ÑpîQ> go ny{V© hmoVr
aho AWdm Cgo CZHo$ nyao hmoZo H$s Amem ~Zr aho& O¡go hr Cgo ¶h Am^mg hmoZo
bJVm h¡ {H$ CgH$s BZ Amdí¶H$VmAm| H$s ny{V© ‘| ~mYm Am ahr h¡, dh {Zame
hmoH$a Hw$g‘m¶moOZ H$m {eH$ma ~Z OmVm h¡& Bg Vah ì¶p³V Ho$ AnZo Amn
go VWm AnZo dmVmdaU go Hw$g‘m¶mo{OV hmoZo gå~ÝYr H$maUm| Ho$ Vma CgH$s
AnZr d¡¶p³VH$Vm VWm dmVmdaU gå~ÝYr à^mdm| go Ow‹S>o ahVo h¢& Bg àH$ma
Ho$ H$maUm| H$m g§{já dU©Z {ZåZ àH$ma h¡-
13.16.1 d¡¶p³VH$ H$maU
Hw$g‘m¶moOZ Ho$ Hw$N> à‘wI d¡¶p³VH$ H$maU {ZåZ{b{IV h¡-
1. d§emZwJV H$maU
~mbH$ Ho$ Hw$g‘m¶moOZ go J«ñV hmoZo Ho$ nrN>o Hw$N> Eogo H$maU ^r hmo gH$Vo h¢
{OZHo$ {bE d§emZwH«$‘ gå~ÝYr H$maH$ CÎmaXm¶r hm|& dh d§emZwH«$‘ H$s {damgV
Ho$ ê$n ‘§o Eogo XmofnyU© Ed§ {dH$maJ«ñV ‘mZ{gH$ V§Ì, emar[aH$ T>m±Mo, emar[aH$
g§aMZm gå~ÝYr Xmof, Aj‘VmAm|, Hw$ê$nVm VWm An§JVm H$mo boH$a n¡Xm hmo
gH$Vm h¡, Omo AmJo MbH$a Cg‘| {d{^ÝZ àH$ma H$s hrZVm, {ZpîH«$¶Vm,
Z¡amí¶ ^mdZmAm| Am{X H$mo OÝ‘ XoH$a CgH$s ‘yb^yV Amdí¶H$VmAm| H$s ny{V©
‘| {d{dY àH$ma H$s ~mYmAm| H$mo I‹S>r H$aVr ah|&
g‘m¶moOZ àJʶ
2. emar[aH$ H$maU
Hw$g‘m¶moOZ Ho$ ~hþV go ‘m‘bm| Ho$ nrN>o emar[aH$ H$maU nm¶o OmVo h¢& emar[aH$
Xþ~©bVm, emar[aH$ An§JVm ¶m Aj‘Vm, emar[aH$ AñdñWVm, Agmܶ
~r‘m[a¶m| go J«ñV Am¡a naoemZ ì¶p³V Hw$g‘m¶moOZ H$m {eH$ma hmo gH$Vm h¡&
H$maU ñnîQ> h¡ {H$ ì¶p³V H$mo emar[aH$ ÑpîQ> go M¡Z Zht {‘bVm Vmo Eogr
naoemZr Am¡a {df‘ n[apñW{V Cgo AnZo Amn go VWm AnZo dmVmdaU go R>rH$
Vah g‘m¶mo{OV hmoZo ‘| EH$ ~‹S>r ~mYm n¡Xm H$a XoVr h¡& Cg‘o hrZVm Am¡a
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{Zamem Ho$ ^md Ka H$aZo bJVo h¢ [’$a CgHo$ n¡a Yrao-Yrao Hw$g‘m¶moOZ H$s
Amoa ~‹T>Zo bJVo h¢&
3. ì¶p³V H$s AnZr àH¥${V Am¡a ñd^md go gå~pÝYV H$maU
Hw$N> ì¶p³V¶m| H$s AnZr àH¥${V Am¡a ñd^md hr Eogm hmoVm h¡ {H$ {OgH$s dOh
go do AnZo Amn go VWm AnZo dmVmdaU Ho$ gmW g‘m¶mo{OV hmoZo ‘| àm¶…
Ag’$b hr ahVo h¢& Bg àH$ma Ho$ Hw$N> H$maU {ZåZ hmo gH$Vo h¢-
1. OrdZ Ho$ Eogo bú¶, CÔoí¶ Ed§ AmXe© Omo dmñV{dH$Vm go H$m’$s
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nao hm|&
2. gm‘m{OH$ n[an³dVm Ed§ g‘m¶moOZ H$m A^md, g§doJmË‘H$
n[an³dVm H$m A^md VWm g§doJm| na C{MV {Z¶§ÌU aIZo gå~ÝYr
Aj‘Vm&
3. AmH$m§jm VWm ‘hÎdmH$m§jm H$m C{MV ñVa ~ZmE aIZo gå~ÝYr
Ag’$bVm&
4. {dnarV BÀN>mAm| H$m {eH$ma hmoZm VWm {d{dY àH$ma Ho$ AÝVÛ©ÝÛm|
go J«ñV ahZm&
5. {ZamemOݶ ^mdm| Am¡a Hw$ÊR>mAm| H$m hmoZm&
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13.16.2 dmVmdaU O{ZV H$maU
gm‘mݶV¶m Hw$g‘m¶moOZ gå~ÝYr g‘ñ¶mAm| Ho$ nrN>o àm¶… dmVmdaU gå~ÝYr
H$maH$m| H$m hr A{YH$ g{H«$¶ ¶moJXmZ nm¶m OmVm h¡& em¶X BgHo$ nrN>o ¶hr
~mV Á¶mXm H$m‘ H$aVr hþB© nmB© OmVr h¡ {H$ Hw$g‘m¶moOZ H$s g‘ñ¶m ‘ybê$n
go ì¶dhma O{ZV g‘ñ¶m h¡ Am¡a ì¶dhma H$mo ~ZmZo Ed§ {~Jm‹S>Zo ‘| dmVmdaU
H$s ep³V¶m| H$s hr A{YH$ ‘hÎdnyU© ^y{‘H$m ahVr h¡& AV… dmVmdaU H$s
ep³V¶m| H$mo hr Hw$g‘m¶moOZ H$mo OÝ‘ XoZo VWm nëb{dV Ed§ nmo{fV H$aZo
H$m EH$ ~‹S>m H$maU ‘mZm OmZm Mm{hE& [’$a dmVmdaU H$s ep³V¶m± ì¶p³V Ho$
{dH$mg Am¡a g‘m¶moOZ H$mo à^m{dV H$aZo Ho$ {bE CnpñWV ^r H$m’$s bå~o
g‘¶ VH$ ahVr h¢& O~ go ~mbH$ H$s OrdZbrbm AnZr ‘mVm Ho$ J^© ‘| ewê$
hmoVr h¡, V~ go boH$a ‘¥Ë¶wn¶©ÝV dh dmVmdaU H$s ep³V¶m| H$m hr {eH$ma
ahVm h¡& Eogo ‘| ¶{X CgHo$ {hñgo XmofnyU© Ed§ à{VHy$b dmVmdaU Am OmE,
Vmo Cgo Hw$g‘m¶moOZ H$m {eH$ma hmoVo Xoa Zht bJVr& Hw$g‘m¶moOZ Ho$ {bE
CÎmaXm¶r Bg Vah H$s à{VHy$b dmVmdaUOݶ n[apñW{V¶m± {ZåZ{b{IV hmo
gH$Vr h¡-
1. ‘mVm-{nVm, A{^^mdH$m|, n[aOZm|, g‘mO Ho$ Aݶ gå‘m{ZV
gXñ¶m| VWm AnZo go ~‹S>o ~mbH$m| H$m ~mbH$ Ho$ à{V AZw{MV
ì¶dhma&
2. Ag§VmofOZH$ VWm XmofnyU© nm[adm[aH$ dmVmdaU {OgHo$ nrN>o
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
àJʶ g‘m¶moOZ
‘mVm-{nVm Ho$ Amngr PJ‹S>o, n[adma Ho$ ì¶p³V¶m| H$m Agm‘m{OH$
Ed§ AnamYr M[aÌ, ‘mVm-{nVm Ho$ ~rM gå~ÝY {dÀN>oX, gm¡Vobr
‘mVm ¶m {nVm go {‘bZo dmbm AZw{MV ì¶dhma Am{X {d{dY H$maH$m|
H$m ¶moJXmZ hmo gH$Vm h¡&
3. nmg-n‹S>mog, ‘mohëbo, g‘wXm¶ VWm g‘mO ‘| ì¶má Eogr n[apñW{V¶m±
VWm XmofnyU© dmVmdaU {OZHo$ n[aUm‘ñdê$n ~mbH$m| ‘| AZw{MV Ed§
Agm‘m{OH$ AmXVm| H$mo nZnZo H$m Adga {‘bo ¶m CZH$s ‘yb^yV
Amdí¶H$VmAm| H$s ny{V© ‘| Eogr ~mYmE± I‹S>r hmo OmE± {H$ CZHo$ n¡a
Hw$g‘m¶moOZ H$s Amoa ~‹T>Zo bJo&
4. {dÚmb¶ ‘| {‘bZo dmbm XmofnyU© dmVmdaU Ed§ {df‘ n[apñW{V¶m±
{OZ‘| AܶmnH$m| H$m ~mbH$m| Ho$ gmW AZw{MV ì¶dhma, gmWr
{dÚm{W©¶m| go AbJmd, XmofnyU© nmR²>¶H«$‘ VWm n‹T>Zo-n‹T>mZo H$s
Aê${MnyU© Ed§ Ìw{Q>Oݶ {d{Y¶m±, nmR>mÝVa {H«$¶mAm| H$m A^md,
{Z¶‘m| Ho$ n[anmbZ ‘| ~hþV A{YH$ H$R>moaVm Ed§ VmZmemhr ad¡¶m
Am{X ~mV| em{‘b hmo gH$Vr h¡&
13.17 Hw$g‘m¶moOZ H$m {ZamH$aU
Hw$g‘m¶moOZ Ho$ {ZamH$aU hoVw {ZåZ{b{IV gmYZ AnZm¶o Om gH$Vo h¢-
1. ‘yb àd¥[Îm¶m| H$s gÝVwpîQ>
¶{X ~mbH$-~m{bH$mAm| H$s ‘yb-àd¥[Îm¶m± gÝVwîQ> hmoJr, Vmo do Hw$g‘m¶mo{OV
Zht hm|Jo& ‘mñbmo Zo ‘yb-àd¥[Îm¶m| H$m H«$‘ {ZåZ àH$ma go {ZYm©[aV {H$¶m h¡-
1. X¡{hH$ Amdí¶H$VmAm| H$s gÝVwpîQ>>
2. Xþ…I Am¡a g§H$Q> go ~MZo H$s àd¥[Îm
3. ñZoh, AmË‘-gå‘mZ Am{X H$s BÀN>m
¶{X {H$gr ì¶p³V H$mo g§H$Q> H$s pñW{V H$m gm‘Zm H$aZm n‹S>Vm h¡,
Vmo dh Eogm V^r H$a gHo$Jm, O~ CgH$s emar[aH$ Amdí¶H$VmE± gÝVwîQ> hm|Jr&
¶{X H$moB© ~mbH$ {ZY©ZVm Ho$ H$maU ^yIm h¡ Am¡a AܶmnH$ Cgo XÊS> XoVm
h¡, Vmo dh XÊS> CgHo$ {b¶o AghZr¶ hmo OmEJm& Eogo hr H$moB© {H$emoa AnZo
AmË‘-gå‘mZ H$mo V^r R>og bJZo XoJm, O~ Cgo AnZo n[adma VWm {‘Ìm| Am{X
go ñZoh H$s Amem hmoJr&
2. dmñV{dH$Vm H$mo ܶmZ ‘| aIZm
‘mVm-{nVm VWm AܶmnH$ H$mo dmñV{dH$Vm H$mo ܶmZ ‘| aIH$a hr ~mbH$-
~m{bH$mAm| Ho$ à{V AnZm ì¶dhma {ZYm©[aV H$aZm Mm{hE& grVm VrZ-Mma df©
H$s JrVm H$mo Ob bmZo Ho$ {b¶o H$hVr h¡& JrVm H$m±M Ho$ {Jbmg ‘| Ob ^a H$a
bmVr h¡ Am¡a {Jbmg {Jam XoVr h¡& grVm Ûmam JrVm H$mo BgHo$ {bE XÊS> {X¶m
OmVm h¡& Bg àH$ma grVm dmñV{dH$Vm H$mo ܶmZ ‘| Zht aIVr& Bggo JrVm
Hw$ÊR>mJ«ñV hmoJr, naÝVw ¶{X ¶hr {Jbmg H$moB© Xg df© H$s ~m{bH$m {JamVr h¡,
Vmo Cgo XÊS> {X¶m Om gH$Vm h¡&
3. ñZoh Am¡a gwajm XoZm
n[adma ‘| ñZoh Am¡a gwajm àmá hmoZo na ~mbH$-~m{bH$mE± n[apñW{V¶m| H$m
gm‘Zm ^br àH$ma H$a gH$Vo h¢& Bg gå~ÝY ‘| Om°Z, OagrëS> Am¡a ‘m¶mg
H$m Aܶ¶Z ~‹S>m amoMH$ Am¡a ‘hÎdnyU© h¡& {ÛVr¶ ‘hm¶wÕ H$m g‘¶ Wm& ~‘
n¥îR> 267
{Jam¶o Om aho Wo& ‘H$mZ Yy±-Yy± H$a Ob aho Wo Am¡a CZH$s Xrdma| Am¡a N>V|
{Ja ahr Wr& bmoJ ^mJ aho Wo, {Mëbm aho Wo, ed BYa-CYa {~Iao n‹S>o Wo&
Eogr pñW{V ‘| ~mbH$-~m{bH$mAm| H$m S>aZm ñd^m{dH$ hr Wm& Aܶ¶Z ‘|
n[ab{jV {H$¶m J¶m {H$ {OZ ~mbH$m| H$mo ‘mVm-{nVm H$m ñZoh VWm gwajm
àmá Wo, do H$‘ S>ao&
{OZ {dÚm{W©¶m| H$mo AnZo n[adma ‘| ñZoh Am¡a gwajm àmá Zht hmoVr,
CÝh| {dÚmb¶ ‘| ñZoh Am¡a gwajm àmá hmoZr Mm{hE& g~go nhbo Vmo Aܶ¶Z
‘| gwajm H$s ^mdZm ahZr Mm{hE& ¶{X H$moB© ~‹S>m ZoVm ¶m {ZarjH$ {dÚmb¶
‘| Am ahm h¡, Vmo AܶmnH$ H$mo VZmd ‘| AmZo H$s H$moB© Amdí¶H$Vm Zht& ¶{X
AܶmnH$ Zo gwajm H$m AZw^d Z {H$¶m, Vmo ~mbH$m| na ^r CgH$m ~wam à^md
n‹S>oJm&
4. VZmdnyU© pñW{V go ~MmZm
‘mVm-{nVm VWm AܶmnH$m| H$mo ~mbH$-~m{bH$mAm| H$mo VZmdnyU© pñW{V
go ~MmZo H$m à¶mg H$aZm Mm{hE& O~ à{VñnÕm©Ë‘H$ à{V¶mo{JVmAm| H$mo
Amdí¶H$Vm go A{YH$ ‘hÎd {X¶m OmVm h¡, Vmo CgH$m n[aUm‘ Xþ…IX hmoVm
h¡& Omo {dÚmWu à{V¶mo{JVm ‘| Ag’$b ahVo h¢, do VZmd H$s pñW{V ‘| ahVo
h¢& AܶmnH$ H$mo Eogm à{ejU XoZm Mm{hE {H$ N>mÌ-N>mÌmE± g’$bVm H$mo ^r
Y¡¶© go ghZ H$a gH|$& ì¶p³V H$mo OrdZ ‘| ha g‘¶ Vmo g’$bVm {‘bVr
Zht, AV… Cgo {dnarV n[apñW{V ¶m Ag’$bVm ‘| ^r g‘m¶moOZ H$aZm
AmZm Mm{hE&
H$B© ~ma XÊS> XoZo go ^r {dÚm{W©¶m| ‘| VZmd CËnÝZ hmo OmVm h¡&
Bg{bE XÊS> H$m à¶moJ H$‘ go H$‘ {H$¶m OmE& H$B© ~ma {dÚm{W©¶m| H$mo Wmo‹S>m-
gm S>m±Q> XoZm ^r ¶WoîQ> hmoJm&
5. A{^ì¶p³V Ho$ Adga XoZm
~mbH$-~m{bH$mAm| H$mo A{^ì¶p³V Ho$ A{YH$ go A{YH$ Adga {X¶o OmZo
Mm{hE& A{^ì¶p³V go VZmd Am¡a Hw$ÊR>m ‘| H$‘r Am OmVr h¡& AmH«$m‘H$Vm
H$s ^mdZm H$s A{^ì¶p³V IobHy$X Ûmam VWm ‘m¡Zd¥[Îm H$s A{^ì¶p³V g§JrV,
Z¥Ë¶ VWm Aݶ H$bmAm| Ho$ ‘mܶ‘ go hmo gH$Vr h¡& {OVZr A{YH$ ‘mÌm ‘|
g§doJm| H$s A{^ì¶p³V hmoJr, CVZr A{YH$ ‘mÌm ‘| Hw$ÊR>m H$‘ hmoJr& H$B© g§doJm|
H$s A{^ì¶p³V CXmÎmrH$aU Ho$ Ûmam hmo gH$Vr h¡&
13.17.1 ‘mZ{gH$ ê$n go AñdñW ~mbH$m| hoVw Cnm¶
gm‘mݶ ‘mZ{gH$ ñdmñ϶ dmbm VWm ‘mZ{gH$ AgÝVwbZ go J«ñV ì¶p³V
XmoZm| hr AmË‘-gwajm A{^¶mpÝÌ{H$¶m| H$m ghmam boVo h¢, {H$ÝVw ‘mZ{gH$ ê$n
go AñdñW (AgÝVw{bV ì¶p³VËd) ì¶p³V BZ A{^¶mpÝÌ{H$¶m| H$m gr‘m go
H$ht A{YH$ à¶moJ H$aVo h¢& {dÚmb¶ VWm {ejH$ Bg {Xem ‘| ~hþV Hw$N> H$a
gH$Vo h¢& Bg àH$ma Ho$ N>mÌm| H$mo ^½Zmem H$m {eH$ma Z hmoZm n‹S>o, Bg {Xem
‘| AܶmnH$ VWm {dÚmb¶ {ZåZ{b{IV H$m¶© H$a gH$Vo h¢-
1. ~mbH$m| Ho$ emar[aH$ ñdmñ϶ H$s Amoa ܶmZ {X¶m OmE& Bg hoVw
{dÚmb¶ ‘| C{MV ‘mÌm ‘| Iob-Hy$X H$s gw{dYm hmo&
2. g‘w{MV g§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mg hmo, Bg hoVw à¶mg {H$¶o OmE& AܶmnH$
ñd¶§ g§doJmË‘H$ ê$n go gÝVw{bV hm| VWm do N>mÌm| Ho$ g§doJm| na
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&

n¥îR> 268 g‘m¶moOZ àJʶ

¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&

3.
g‘w{MV ܶmZ X|&
AܶmnH$ H$m ì¶dhma ñZohnyU© VWm gh¶moJmË‘H$ hmo& {ejH$ {H$gr
Aä¶mgmW© àíZ
^r n[apñW{V ‘| Ûof-^mdZm go njnmV Z H$a|&
4. AܶmnH$m| Ho$ ì¶dhmam| ‘| EH$ê$nVm hmoZr Mm{hE& CgHo$ H$m‘,
ì¶dhma VWm H$WZr ‘| AÝVa Zht hmoZm Mm{hE& 1. g‘m¶moOZ H$s à{H«$¶m h¡-
5. N>mÌm| Ho$ AmH$m§jm-^ma H$mo g‘w{MV ñVa na aIm OmE& Bg hoVw (1) J{Verb (2) pñWa
CZH$s j‘Vm, ê${M VWm A{^¶mo½¶VmAm| H$mo ܶmZ ‘| aIm OmE& (3) ñWmZmnÝZ (4) ‘mZ{gH$
6. hm{ZH$maH$ à{VñnYm©Am| na {Z¶ÝÌU bJm¶m OmE&

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7. à¶mg {H$¶o OmE {H$ N>mÌ AmË‘-gwajm A{^¶mpÝÌ{H$¶m| H$m H$‘ 2. g‘m¶moOZ go VmËn¶© ñd¶§ H$m {d{^ÝZ n[apñW{V¶m| ‘| AZwHy$bZ
go H$‘ à¶moJ H$a|& H$aZm h¡, Vm{H$ ............. H$mo gÝVwîQ> {H$¶m Om gHo$&
8. CZH$m nmR²>¶H«$‘ CZHo$ AZwHy$b hmo, {ejU {d{Y¶m± AZwHy$b hmo VWm (1) Xÿgam| (2) àoaH$m|
(3) CÔoí¶m| H$mo (4) Amdí¶H$VmAm|
CÝh| {ejU A{YJ‘ Ho$ {bE n¶m©á gw{dYmE± Xr OmE&
9. N>mÌm| H$mo n¶m©ßV ñdVÝÌVm Xr OmE VWm ñdmZwemgZ H$s ì¶dñWm 3. AÀN>m g‘m¶moOZ dh h¡, Omo ¶WmW© na AmYm[aV VWm gÝVmof XoZo
H$s OmE& dmbm hmoVm h¡& ¶h H$WZ h¡-
10. e¡{jH$, ì¶mdgm{¶H$, ì¶p³VJV VWm ¶m¡Z-{ZX}eZ H$s g‘w{MV (1) JoQ²>g H$m (2) pñ‘W H$m
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ì¶dñWm hmo& (3) H$mob‘¡Z H$m (4) pñH$Za H$m
11. {dÚmb¶ ~mbH$m| Ho$ ‘mZ{gH$ ñdmñ϶ H$mo R>rH$ aIZo H$s {Xem ‘|
C³V H$m¶m] Ho$ Abmdm Am¡a ^r AZoH$ H$m¶© H$a gH$Vm h¡& BZHo$ 4. g‘m¶moOZ Ho$ joÌm| ‘| gpå‘{bV h¡-
{bE gånyU© {dÚmb¶ H$mo EH$OwQ> hmoH$a H$m¶© H$aZm hmoJm& (1) J¥h g‘m¶moOZ (2) e¡{jH$ g‘m¶moOZ
12. Z¡{VH$ {ejm H$s ì¶dñWm H$s OmE& (3) ñdmñ϶ g‘m¶moOZ (4) Cn¶w©³V g^r
13. AܶmnH$m| H$m ‘mZ{gH$ ñdmñ϶ gÝVw{bV hmo&
5. g‘m¶moOZ H$mo à^m{dV H$aZo dmbm/dmbo VÎd h¡/h¢-
14. nmR²>¶H«$‘ AmYw{ZH$V‘ aIm OmE& (1) emar[aH$ Xmof (2) Ag’$bVm
(3) XÊS> (4) Cn¶w©³V g^r
**************
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AJa Amn B.Ed, D.Ed, BSTC ¶m {ejU AܶmnZ Ho$ joÌ ‘| n‹T>mB© ~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$
H$a aho h¢ Vmo Amngo {ZdoXZ h¡ {H$ {ZåZ{b{IV Whatsapp No. AnZr
6. g‘m¶moOZ Ho$ àH$ma h¢-
(1) aMZmË‘H$ g‘m¶moOZ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU
H$jm Ho$ ìhmQ²>gEn Jw«n ‘| Omo‹S>|& AJa AmnH$m ìhmQ²>gEn Jw«n Zht ~Zm hþAm
h¡ Vmo H¥$n¶m H$‘ go H$‘ 20 {dÚmWu {‘bH$a ìhmQ²>gEn Jw«n ~Zm b|& (2) ‘mZ{gH$ ‘ZmoaMZmE± àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr
UPTET - 95301 43210 h¡ {H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s
(3) ñWmZmnÝZ g‘m¶moOZ
MP Samvida - 95302 43210 PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ>
BTET - 95302 43210 (4) Cn¶w©³V g^r www.praganya.org
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JTET - 72209 29239 go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
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7. g‘m¶moOZ ^§J hmo OmVm h¡-
CGTET - 72209 28969 (1) g§Kf© go (2) ^½Zmem go
HPTET - 72209 28535
(3) ‘mZ{gH$ VZmd go (4) g^r go
AmnHo$ ³bmg Ho$ ìhmQ²>gEn Jw«n ‘| {ejm g§~§Yr g^r à{V¶moJr narjm Ho$
nong©, ‘m°S>b nong© Ed§ Aݶ Aܶ¶Z gm‘J«r ^oOr OmEJr& AmnH$m ewê$ go
8. g‘m¶moOZ Zht H$a nmZo H$m H$maU h¡-
‘mJ©Xe©Z {H$¶m OmEJm, Vm{H$ Amn à{V¶moJr narjm ‘| A{VerK« g’$bVm (1) ÛÝÛ (2) VZmd
àmá H$a gH|$& (3) Hw$ÊR>m (4) Cn¶w©³V g^r

9. g‘m¶mo{OV ì¶p³V H$s {deofVm Zht h¡-

(1) gm‘m{OH$Vm
(2) C{MV g§VwbZ
(3) ñnîQ> bú¶
(4) Hw$ÊR>m, Ûof, ~Xbo H$s ^mdZm go J«ñV

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9
(1) (4) (2) (4) (4) (4) (4) (4) (4)
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
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àJʶ g‘m¶moOZ n¥îR> 269

10. g‘m¶mo{OV ì¶p³V H$s {deofVm h¡- 20. g‘m¶mo{OV ì¶p³V H$m JwU Zht h¡-
(1) ñd¶§ Ed§ dmVmdaU Ho$ ‘ܶ C{MV gÝVwbZ (1) {N>ÐmÝdofr àH¥${V H$m Z hmoZm
(2) ñnîQ> Ed§ {ZpíMV bú¶ (2) gm‘m{OH$ ê$n go g‘m¶mo{OV
(3) gm‘m{OH$Vm H$s ^mdZm (3) C{MV ‘hÎdmH$m§jm ñVa H$m Z hmoZm
(4) C³V g^r (4) ‘yb^yV Amdí¶H$VmAm| H$s ny{V© H$aZm

11. g‘m¶moOZ H$m à˶j Cnm¶ h¡- 21. g‘m¶moOZ H$s {d{Y h¡-
(1) bú¶m| H$m à{VñWmnZ (2) ~mYmAm| H$mo Xÿa H$aZm (1) CXmÎmrH$aU (2) àjonU
(3) Aݶ ‘mJ© ImoOZm (4) Cnamo³V gämr (3) à{VJ‘Z (4) Cn¶w©³V g^r

12. g‘m¶moOZ H$m Aà˶j Cnm¶ h¡- 22. EH$ g‘m¶mo{OV ì¶p³V H$s {deofVm Zht h¡-
(1) àjonU (2) {XdmñdßZ (1) CÎmaXm{¶Ëd H$s ñdrH¥${V
(3) X‘Z (4) Cnamo³V g^r (2) C{MV g§doJm| H$m àXe©Z
(3) d¡¶p³VH$ CÔoí¶m| H$m àXe©Z
13. AMoVZ ‘Z g‘m¶moOZ H$m AmYma h¡& ¶h H$hm h¡- (4) Xÿgam| Ho$ gmW gå~ÝY ~ZmZo H$s ¶mo½¶Vm
(1) ’«$m¶S> Zo (2) ES>ba Zo
(3) dwS> Zo (4) Ow§J Zo 23. g‘m¶mo{OV ~mbH$ H$s {deofVm Zhr§ h¡-
(1) g§doJm| H$m àXe©Z
14. ~mbH$ Ho$ g‘m¶moOZ H$mo à^m{dV H$aZo dmbm H$maH$ h¡- (2) d¡¶p³VH$ CÔoí¶m| H$m àXe©Z
(1) emar[aH$ Aj‘Vm (2) ^½Zmem (3) CÎmaXm{¶Ëd H$s ñdrH¥${V
(3) ‘mZ{gH$ ÛÝÛ Ed§ VZmd (4) Cn¶w©³V g^r (4) Xÿgam| Ho$ gmW gå~ÝY ~ZmZo H$s ¶mo½¶Vm
15. g‘m¶moOZ H$aZo dmbo ì¶p³V H$m bjU h¡- 24. ì¶p³VËd H$m Hw$g‘m¶moOZ àH$Q> hmoVm h¡-
(1) gÝVwbZ (1) PJ‹S>mby àd¥{Îm¶m| ‘| (2) nbm¶ZdmXr àd¥{Îm¶m| ‘|
(2) gÝVwpîQ> Ed§ gwI (3) AmH«$‘UH$mar Ho$ ê$n ‘| (4) Cn¶w©³V g^r ‘|
(3) g‘mO d Aݶ ì¶p³V¶m| H$m ܶmZ
(4) Cnamo³V g^r 25. H$ënZm H$s A{YH$Vm Ho$ H$maU {XdmñdßZ XoIZo dmbm| H$mo H$hVo h¢-
(1) g‘m¶mo{OV ì¶p³V
16. g‘m¶moOZ hoVw AܶmnH$ H$m H$Îm©ì¶ h¡- (2) Ag‘m¶mo{OV ì¶p³V
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg
(1) ‘¡ÌrnyU© ì¶dhma nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m (3) ~w{Õ‘mZ ì¶p³V
(2) ì¶mdgm{¶H$ {ejm h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ (4) Cn¶w©³V g^r
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ>
(3) Z¡{VH$ {ejm www.praganya.org
(4) Cn¶w©³V g^r na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF 26. {dÚmb¶ ‘| {ejH$ ~mbH$m| Ho$ g‘m¶moOZ Ho$ {bE H$m¡Zgm H$m¶© Zht
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H$aoJm?
17. g‘m¶moOZ hoVw Amdí¶H$ h¡- (1) ì¶p³VJV {ejU H$s ì¶dñWm H$aZm&
(1) AÀN>r AmXVm| H$m {dH$mg (2) nm[adm[aH$ gh¶moJ (2) g§doJmË‘H$ pñWaVm bmZo H$m à¶mg H$aZm&
(3) ghmZw^y{VnyU© ì¶dhma (4) Cnamo³V g^r (3) H$R>moa XÊS> XoH$a H$m¶© H$admZm&
(4) ghmZw^y{VnyU© ì¶dhma H$aZm&
18. ~ÀMm| ‘| g§doJmË‘H$ g‘m¶moOZ à^mdr hmoVm h¡-
(1) ì¶p³VËd {Z‘m©U ‘| (2) H$jm {ejU ‘| 27. ’¡$Q>Zdm{hH$ Zo {H$VZo à{VeV {ejH$m| H$mo Ag‘m¶mo{OV nm¶m?
(3) AZwemgZ ‘| (4) BZ‘| go g^r (1) 8.8% (2) 10%
(3) 20% (4) 23%
19. g‘m¶moOZ Xÿ{fV hmoVm h¡-
(1) Hw$ÊR>m go (2) g§Kf© go 28. Hw$g‘m¶mo{OV ~mbH$m| H$m bjU Zht h¡-
(3) Cn¶w©³V XmoZm| (4) YZ go (1) {Xdm ñdßZ (2) àgÝZ ahZm
(3) ‘¥Ë¶w ^¶ (4) hrZ ^mdZm

10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28.
(4) (4) (4) (1) (4) (4) (4) (4) (4) (3) (3) (4) (3) (2) (4) (2) (3) (1) (2)
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
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n¥îR> 270 g‘m¶moOZ àJʶ

¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
29. Ag‘m¶moOZ H$m ‘w»¶ H$maU h¡- 37. Maladjustment H$m empãXH$ AW© hmoVm h¡-
(1) gm¡hmЩnyU© dmVmdaU H$m A^md (1) g‘m¶moOZ (2) Hw$g‘m¶moOZ
(2) {dÚmb¶ Z OmZm (3) gÝVw{bV (4) AgÝVw{bV
(3) ‘mVm-{nVm H$s Jar~r
(4) CÀM {ejm H$s H$‘r 38. Maladjustment eãX H$m {Z‘m©U A§J«oOr Ho$ {ZåZ Xmo eãXm| Ho$
{‘bZo go hþAm h¡-
30. ~mbH$m| Ho$ Hw$g‘m¶mo{OV hmoZo Ho$ H$maU h¢- (1) Mal+djust (2) Mal+adjustment
(1) AmZwd§{eH$ H$maU (3) Mal+adjusted (4) Malad+justment

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(2) emar[aH$ H$maU
(3) ñd^mdJV Ed§ g§doJmË‘H$ H$maU 39. Hw$g‘m¶mo{OV ~mbH$-
(4) Cn¶w©³V g^r (1) VZmd¶w³V hmoVm h¡& (2) nyU© ñdñW hmoVm h¡&
(3) n‹T>Zo ‘| Vrd« hmoVm h¡& (4) àgÝZ{MV hmoVm h¡&
31. gm¡Vobr ‘m± Ho$ ~ÀMm| ‘| Ag‘m¶moOZ H$m ‘w»¶ H$maU hmoVm h¡-
(1) ào‘ ¶w³V ‘mݶVm d AnZËd H$m A^md 40. {ejH$ Ho$ Hw$g‘m¶moOZ H$mo àH$Q> H$aZo dmbm CXmhaU h¡-
(2) IpÊS>V ì¶p³VËd (1) N>mÌm| Ho$ gmW Hy«$a ì¶dhma
(3) ‘ÝX ~w{Õ (2) AmË‘{dídmg ‘| H$‘r

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(4) {ZåZ-{Zîn{Îm (3) {ejH$ {‘Ìm| ‘| Xmof {ZH$mbZm
(4) Cn¶w©³V g^r
32. O~ ~mbH$ AnZr Ag’$bVmAm| Ho$ Xmof H$mo {H$gr Amoa Ho$ D$na bmXZo
H$s H$mo{ee H$aHo$ AnZo VZmd H$mo H$‘ H$aZo H$m à¶mg H$aVm h¡, dh 41. ì¶p³V Ho$ ‘mZ{gH$ VZmd H$mo H$‘ H$aZo H$s à˶j {d{Y h¡-
{d{Y H$hbmVr h¡- (1) VmXmË‘¶ ñWm{nV H$aZm (2) Am¡{M˶ ñWmnZ
(1) aMZmË‘H$ g‘m¶moOZ (2) ‘mZ{gH$ ‘ZmoaMZmE± (3) ~mYm Xÿa H$aZm (4) Am{lV hmoZm
(3) ñWmZmnÝZ g‘m¶moOZ (4) Cn¶w©³V g^r
42. Hw$g‘m¶mo{OV ‘| Xmo àH$ma Ho$ à˶wÎma {Z{hV ahVo h¢-
33. {ZåZ ‘| go Hw$g‘m¶mo{OV ~mbH$ h¡- (1) emar[aH$ Ed§ ‘mZ{gH$ ~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg
nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m
(1) n[adoe Ho$ AZwHy$b ñd¶§ H$mo ñWm{nV H$aZo ‘| Ag‘W© hmoVm h¡& (2) ‘mZ{gH$ Ed§ ì¶mdhm[aH$ h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
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(2) Agm‘m{OH$, ñdmWu d gd©Wm Xþ…Ir hmoVm h¡& (3) ì¶dhm[aH$ Ed§ emar[aH$ www.praganya.org
(3) gmYmaU gr ~mYm CËnÝZ hmoZo na ‘mZ{gH$ gÝVwbZ Imo XoVm h¡& (4) ì¶mdhm[aH$ Ed§ gm‘m{OH$ na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF
S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
(4) Cn¶w©³V g^r
43. X‘Z dh à{V{H«$¶m h¡, {Og‘| ì¶p³V AnZr MoVZm go CZ {dMmam|
34. {Og‘| {MÝVm H$m gwn[a{MV ê$n {XImB© XoVm h¡- VWm AmdoJm| H$mo hQ>m XoVm h¡, Omo {MÝVm H$mo CÎmo{OV H$aVo h¡& ¶h
(1) ’$mo{~¶m (2) ñdßZ H$WZ h¡-
(3) H$ënZmE± (4) AñV-ì¶ñV {dMma (1) ~aZmS>© H$m (2) ’«$m¶S> H$m
(3) {d{b¶‘ OmoÝg H$m (4) ‘¡³Sy>Jb H$m
35. Eogr ¶wp³V¶m± AWdm ì¶dhma {OZH$m à¶moJ ì¶p³V AdMoVZ ê$n go
AnZo AmnH$mo AnZr {MÝVm Am¡a H${‘¶m| go ‘wp³V {XbmH$a AmË‘ ¶m 44. ‘mZ{gH$ VZmd H$mo H$‘ H$aZo H$m Cnm¶ h¡-
Ah§ H$s ajm hoVw H$aVm h¡, CÝh| H$hVo h¢- (1) Am¡{M˶ ñWmnZ (2) àjonU
(1) XþpíMÝVm (2) g‘m¶moOZ (3) VmXmË‘rH$aU (4) Cnamo³V g^r
(3) ajmË‘H$ ¶wp³V¶m± (4) Cnm¶
45. H«$moY na {Z¶ÝÌU nmZo hoVw ~mbH$m| H$mo Aä¶mg H$amZm Mm{hE-
36. Aà˶j {d{Y¶m| H$m à¶moJ Ho$db Xþ…I nyU© AZw^y{V¶m| ¶m VZmd H$mo (1) AmË‘MoVZm H$m (2) AmË‘ àoaU H$m
(3) AmË‘-{Z¶ÝÌU H$m (4) AmË‘mZw^y{V H$m
H$‘ H$aZo Ho$ {bE {H$¶m OmVm h¡¡& ¶h H$WZ h¡-
(1) ’«$m¶S> H$m (2) H«$mo d H«$mo H$m 46. VZmd H$mo H$‘ H$aZo H$m Aà˶j Cnm¶ H$m¡Zgm h¡?
(3) JoQ²>g d Aݶ H$m (4) {H$gr H$m Zht (1) VmXmË‘rH$aU (2) bú¶m| H$m à{VñWmnZ
(3) ~mYm H$m {ZdmaU (4) {ZU©¶

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(1) (4) (1) (3) (4) (4) (3) (3) (2) (2) (1) (4) (3) (2) (2) (4) (3) (1)
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
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àJʶ g‘m¶moOZ n¥îR> 271

47. g§Kf© H$m AW© h¡- {damoY Am¡a {dnarV BÀN>mAm| ‘| VZmd Ho$ 55. H$mb© amoOg© Ho$ AZwgma Hw$g‘m¶moOZ H$m AmYma d¡få¶ h¡-
n[aUm‘ñdê$n CËnÝZ hmoZo dmbr H$îQ>Xm¶H$ g§doJmË‘H$ Xem& ¶h (1) BX‘² VWm namh‘² Ho$ ‘ܶ
{H$gH$m H$WZ h¡? (2) dmñV{dH$ ñd VWm AmXe© ñd Ho$ ‘ܶ
(1) S>Jbg d hm°b¡ÊS> H$m (2) H$mobog{ZH$ H$m (3) ñd VWm dmVmdaU Ho$ ‘ܶ
(3) H«$mo d H«$mo H$m (4) JoQ²>g d Aݶ H$m (4) AMoVZ VWm MoVZ Ho$ ‘ܶ

48. {H$emoa Ho$ g‘m¶moOZ H$s à{H«$¶m ‘| {ejH$ H$m ¶moJXmZ h¡- 56. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go g‘m¶moOZ H$s {d{Y h¡-
(1) H$‘Omo[a¶m| H$m kmZ Z H$amZm (1) à{VJ‘Z (2) {XdmñdßZ
(2) ‘yb^yV Amdí¶H$VmAm| H$s ny{V© Z H$aZm (3) Am¡{M˶ ñWmnZ (4) Cn¶w©³V g^r
(3) AmH$m§jm H$m C{MV ñVa V¶ H$aZm
57. g‘m¶moOZ {ZaÝVa MbZo dmbr à{H«$¶m h¡, {OgHo$ Ûmam ì¶p³V AnZo
(4) g‘ñ¶m H$m g‘mYZ Z H$aZm
Am¡a AnZo dmVmdaU Ho$ ~rM gÝVw{bV gå~ÝY aIZo Ho$ {bE AnZo
49. {H$g {gÕmÝV Ho$ AZwgma h‘| Xþ…IX Am¡a An‘mZOZH$ KQ>ZmAm| H$mo ì¶dhma ‘| n[adV©Z H$aVm h¡& ¶h n[a^mfm Xr h¡-
¶mX Zht aIZm Mm{hE? (1) ~mo[a¨J d b¢J’o$ëS> Zo (2) JoQ²>g d Aݶ Zo
(1) ~mYm H$m {gÕmÝV (2) X‘Z H$m {gÕmÝV (3) ãbo¶a Zo (4) {gångZ Zo
(3) AZä¶mg H$m {gÕmÝV (4) C³V H$moB© Zht
58. ‘mohZ H$s Ka IarXZo H$s BÀN>m nyar Z hmoZo na CgZo Ka IarXZo
50. ^½Zmem H$s pñW{V ‘| ~mbH$ {ZåZ ‘| go H$m¡Zgm ì¶dhma àX{e©V Zht H$s BÀN>m H$m ˶mJ H$a {X¶m& CgZo g‘m¶moOZ H$s {H$g ¶wp³V H$m
H$aVm? ~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg à¶moJ {H$¶m?
nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m
(1) J¥h˶mJ H$aZm h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
(1) X‘Z (2) Am¡{M˶ ñWmnZ
(2) AmH«$‘UH$mar ì¶dhma àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> (3) AmË‘rH$aU (4) {XdmñdßZ
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(3) ~r‘ma hmoZo H$s H$hZm na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF
(4) AmË‘g‘n©U H$aZm S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢& 59. {ZåZ ‘| go g‘m¶moOZ H$s ¶wp³V Zht h¡-
(1) VmXmË‘rH$aU (2) Am¡{M˶ ñWmnZ
51. narjm ‘| Ag’$b hmoZo H$m H$maU ~mbH$ Zo H${R>Z àíZ-nÌ Ed§ (3) X‘Z (4) CnXoe dmMZ
narjH$ Ûmam H$m°nr R>rH$ go Zht Om±MZm ~Vm¶m& ¶h Hw$g‘m¶moOZ H$s
60. {ZfoYmË‘H$ g‘m¶moOZ H$m AW© h¡-
H$m¡Zgr ajm¶wp³V h¡?
(1) AZw{H«$¶m Z H$aHo$ grIZm (2) AZw{H«$¶m Ûmam grIZm
(1) nbm¶Z (2) à˶mdV©Z
(3) grI H$a AZw{H«$¶m H$aZm (4) Cnamo³V ‘| go H$moB© Zht
(3) àjonU (4) j{Vny{V©
61. O~ ì¶p³V H$s Amdí¶H$VmAm| H$s ny{V© Zht hmoVr Am¡a Cg‘| ~mYm
52. Hw$g‘m¶mo{OV ì¶p³VËd Ho$ bjU h¢-
(1) A{ZpíMV ‘Z Ed§ ApñWa ~w{Õ CËnÝZ hmoVr h¡, Vmo Bg n[apñW{V H$mo H$hm OmVm h¡-
(2) K¥Um, Ûof Ed§ ~Xbo H$s ^mdZm (1) ^½Zmem
(3) CÔoí¶ AñnîQ> Ed§ A{ZpíMV (2) A{^àoaUm
(4) C³V g^r (3) ‘mZ{gH$ g§Kf©
(4) Cnamo³V ‘| go H$moB© Zht
53. ^½Zmem (Hw$ÊR>m) CËnÝZ hmoZo H$m ì¶p³VJV H$maU Zht h¡-
(1) An§JVm (2) ar{V-[admO 62. {OgHo$ Ûmam BÀN>mAm|, AghZr¶ ñ‘¥{V¶m| Am{X H$mo MoVZm go AbJ
(3) ~hamnZ (4) ^¶ H$a {X¶m OmVm h¡, H$hbmVm h¡-
(1) CXmÎmrH$aU (2) {dñWmnZ
54. {H$gr ~mV H$mo ^br-^m±{V ¶mX aIZo Ho$ {bE AÀN>r Vah grI boZm (3) X‘Z (4) AmË‘rH$aU
AmYr goo A{YH$ b‹S>mB© OrV boZm h¡& ¶h H$WZ {H$gH$m h¡?
(1) {Jb’$moS>© H$m (2) am¶~Z© H$m 63. ì¶p³V Ho$ AÝVÛ©ÝÛ Ho$ g‘mYmZ ‘| à‘wI ñWmZ h¡-
(3) dwS>dW© H$m (4) Ooåg H$m (1) CXmÎmrH$aU H$m (2) AmË‘rH$aU H$m
(3) X‘Z H$m (4) {dñWmnZ H$m

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(1) (3) (2) (4) (3) (4) (2) (1) (2) (4) (2) (1) (4) (1) (1) (3) (1)
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
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n¥îR> 272 g‘m¶moOZ àJʶ

¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
64. X~md EH$ àH$ma H$s ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ à{V~b AdñWm h¡ {Og‘| ì¶p³V 73. ^½Zmem Cg Amdí¶H$Vm H$s ny{V© ¶m bú¶ H$s àm{á ‘| Adê$Õ hmoZo
¶h AZw^d H$aVm h¡ {H$ Cgo EH$ {d{eîQ> ^mdZm Ho$ AZwgma ahZm ¶m {Zî’$b hmoZo H$s ^mdZm h¡, {Ogo ì¶p³V ‘hÎdnyU© g‘PVm h¡& ¶h
¶m ì¶dhma H$aZm h¡& X~md H$s ¶h n[a^mfm {H$gZo àñVwV H$s h¡? n[a^mfm h¡-
(1) {g¶g© Zo (2) ‘m¡[ag Zo (1) qdJmo H$s (2) H$mobog{ZH$ H$s
(3) bo{dZ Zo (4) H$m¡b‘¡Z Zo (3) ‘mog© H$s (4) JwS> H$s

65. ^½Zmem H$m g~go ~‹S>m AmÝV[aH$ H$maU ‘mZm OmVm h¡- 74. ‘mZ{gH$ ñdmñ϶ {dkmZ eãX H$m gd©àW‘ à¶moJ {H$¶m-
(1) Z¡{VH$ AmXe© (1) ES>ba Zo (2) Q´>odg© Zo

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(2) ‘mZ{gH$ g§Kf© (3) p³b’$moS>© ~r¶g© Zo (4) Cn¶w©³V g^r
(3) n[apñW{V
(4) Ag§JV Amdí¶H$VmE± 75. ‘mZ{gH$ ñdmñ϶ {dkmZ eãX H$m à¶moJ {H$g gZ² ‘| {H$¶m J¶m?
(1) 1904 (2) 1911
66. n‹T>mB© ‘| H$‘Omoa N>mÌ IobHy$X ‘| n[al‘ H$a AnZr H$‘r H$mo nyam H$a (3) 1908 (4) 1913
boVm h¡& ¶h g‘m¶moOZ Cnm¶ h¡-
(1) VmXmË‘rH$aU (2) AmH«$m‘H$Vm 76. g‘m¶moOZ dh à{H«$¶m h¡ {OgHo$ Ûmam Ord AnZr Amdí¶H$Vm Am¡a
(3) j{Vny{V© (4) nbm¶Z BZ Amdí¶H$Vm Am¡a BZ Amdí¶H$VmAm| H$s ny{V© H$mo à^m{dV H$aZo
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dmbr n[apñW{V¶m| ‘| g§VwbZ ñWm{nV H$aVm h¡& ¶h n[a^mfm àñVwV
67. ^¶ Am¡a Ame§H$m H$s gm‘mݶrH¥$V AZw^y{V hr XþpíMÝVm h¡& ¶h H$s h¡-
n[a^mfm àñVwV H$s h¡- (1) eo’$a Zo (2) JoQ²>g Zo
(1) H$m¡b‘¡Z Zo (2) bo{dZ Zo (3) AmBO|H$ Zo (4) ~o[a¨J Zo
(3) {g¶g© Zo (4) ‘m¡[ag Zo
77. Amdí¶H$VmAm| H$s ny{V© Ho$ gmW dmVmdaU go gm‘§Oñ¶ ñWm{nV H$aZo
68. {MÝVm-VZmd-X~md-Hw$ÊR>m-^½Zmem h¡- dmbr à{H«$¶m H$m Zm‘ h¡-
(1) ¶wp³V¶m± (2) ‘mZ{gH$ amoJ (1) Hw$g‘m¶moOZ (2) ~w{Õ
(3) X~md (4) VZmd (3) g‘m¶moOZ (4) A{YJ‘
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69. O~ ì¶p³V g‘¶ H$s ‘m±J Ho$ AZwê$n H$m¶© Zht H$a nmVm h¡, Vmo {eH$ma 78. Hw$g‘m¶mo{OV ì¶p³V H$mo à^m{dV H$aZo dmbm H$maH$ h¡-
hmo OmVm h¡- (1) dmVmdaUr¶ H$maH$ (2) emar[aH$ H$maH$
(1) VZmd H$m (2) XþpíMÝVm H$m (3) d§emZwJV H$maH$ (4) Cn¶w©³V g^r
(3) Hw$ÊR>m H$m (4) X~md H$m
79. Hw$g‘m¶mo{OV ì¶p³V H$m bjU Zht h¡-
70. O~ ì¶p³V Ho$ AMoVZ ‘Z ‘| X{‘V BÀN>m MoVZ ‘| AmH$a Cgo naoemZ (1) hrZVm H$s ^mdZm go J«{gV (2) AmË‘ {Z¶§ÌÊm H$m A^md
H$a|, Vmo dh {eH$ma hmo OmVm h¡- (3) H«$moY Ûof d ~Xbo H$s ^mdZm (4) dmVmdaU Ho$ à{V g§Vmof
(1) Hw$ÊR>m H$m (2) VZmd H$m
(3) XþpíMÝVm H$m (4) X~md H$m 80. Hw$ÊR>m go A{^àm¶ {H$gr ^r BÀN>m ¶m Amdí¶H$Vm H$s ny{V© ‘| AmZo
dmbr ~mYm go CËnÝZ g§doJmË‘H$ VZmd go h¡& Hw$ÊR>m H$s ¶h n[a^mfm
71. O~ ì¶p³V H$mo ~ma-~ma à¶mg H$aZo na ^r g’$bVm Zht {‘bVr, {H$gZo àñVwV H$s h¡?
Vmo dh {eH$ma hmo OmVm h¡- (1) ¶w§J Zo (2) JwS> Zo
(1) X~md H$m (2) VZmd H$m (3) ’«$m¶S> Zo (4) eo’$a Zo
(3) XþpíMÝVm H$m (4) Hw$ÊR>m H$m
81. ì¶p³V Ûmam {H$¶o JE à¶mgm| na O~ {d’$bVm H$m Am{Yn˶ ahVm h¡,
72. EH$ ì¶p³V AnZm n[aM¶ {H$gr ~hþV ~‹S>o ZoVm go ñWm{nV H$aHo$ XoVm Eogr pñW{V ‘| dh {eH$ma hmo OmVm h¡-
h¡& ¶h g‘m¶moOZ ¶w[³V h¡- (1) ^½Zmem ¶m Hw$ÊR>m H$m (2) XþpíMÝVm H$m
(1) àjonU (2) VmXmË‘rH$aU (3) X~md H$m (4) VZmd H$m
(3) Hw$ÊR>m (4) àe§gm

64. 65. 66. 67. 68. 69. 70. 71. 72. 73. 74. 75. 76. 77. 78. 79. 80. 81.
(2) (2) (3) (1) (2) (1) (3) (4) (2) (2) (3) (3) (1) (3) (4) (4) (2) (1)
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
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82. Hw§$R>m H$mo {H$gr ^r A{^àoaH$ H$s gÝVwpîQ>> ‘| AmZo dmbr ~mYm Ho$ 90. ‘mZ{gH$ ñdmñ϶ {dkmZ ‘w»¶ ê$n go A{YH$ ñdñW ‘mZd gå~ÝYm|
’$bñdê$n CËnÝZ hmoZo dmbr pñW{V Ho$ ê$n ‘| OmZm Om gH$Vm h¡& Ho$ {dH$mg go gå~pÝYV h¡& BgH$m AW© ‘mZd Ho$ ì¶dhma Ho$ gå~ÝY
¶h n[a^mfm àñVwV H$s- ‘| A{O©V kmZ H$mo X¡{ZH$ OrdZ ‘| à¶moJ H$aZo go gå~pÝYV h¡& ¶h
(1) ¶w§J Zo (2) H¡$amob Zo n[a^mfm àñVwV H$s h¡-
(3) JwS> Zo (4) eo’$a Zo (1) ¶w§J Zo (2) S´>oda Zo
(3) pñH$Za Zo (4) ’«$m¶S> Zo
83. Hw$ÊR>m CËnÝZ hmoZo Ho$ H$maU h¢-
(1) gm‘m{OH$ H$maH$ (2) Am{W©H$ H$maH$ 91. {H$gr Ho$ Xþ…I ‘| XþIr hmoH$a ñd¶§ CgHo$ O¡gm AZw^d H$aZm& ¶h
(3) ^m¡{VH$ H$maH$ (4) Cn¶w©³V g^r ajm¶wp³V H$hbmVr h¡-
(1) X‘Z (2) AmË‘gmVrH$aU
84. Xmo ¶m Xmo go A{YH$ {damoYr ì¶dhmam| H$m AdVaU hmoZo na ì¶p³V (3) AÝV…jonU (4) e‘Z
{eH$ma hmo OmVm h¡-
(1) AÝVÛ©ÝÛ H$m (2) VZmd H$m 92. ‘mZ{gH$ WH$mZ H$m bjU h¡-
(3) Hw$ÊR>m H$m (4) X~md H$m (1) CXmÎmrH$aU (2) eara ‘| XX©
(3) VoO d H${R>Z ídmg AmZm (4) ܶmZ Ho$pÝÐV Z hmoZm
85. AÝVÛ©ÝÛ EH$ Eogr nr‹S>mXm¶H$ g§doJmË‘H$ AdñWm h¡ Omo EH$ Xÿgam| H$mo
H$mQ>Zo dmbr Am¡a {damoYr BÀN>mAm| go CËnÝZ VZmd Ho$ H$maU ApñVËd 93. {ZåZ ‘| go H$m¡Zgm ¶w½‘ gw‘o{bV Zht h¡?
‘| AmVr h¡& ¶h n[a^mfm àñVwV H$s- (1) AÝV‘w©Ir - ñd¶§ AnZo ‘| ahZm
(1) S>Jbg Am¡a hm¡boÊS> Zo (2) ¶w§J Zo (2) à{VJ‘Z - nwamZr AmXVm| ‘| bm¡Q>Zm
(3) ’«$m¶S> Zo (4) eo’$a Zo (3) ¶wp³VH$aU - AnZm Jwñgm Xÿgam| na CVmaZm
(4) àjonU - AnZr JbVr Xÿgam| na S>mbZm
86. VZmd AgÝVwbZ H$s Xem h¡ Omo àmUr H$mo AnZr CÎmo{OV Xem H$m
AÝV H$aZo Ho$ {bE H$moB© H$m¶© H$aZo hoVw ào[aV H$aVr h¡& ¶h n[a^mfm 94. hH$bmZo H$m ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ H$maU h¡-
àñVwV H$s h¡- (1) Ìw{Q>nyU© dmH²$e¡br
(1) JoQ²>g Zo (2) S´>oda Zo (2) Ka VWm {dÚmb¶ H$m VZmdnyU© dmVmdaU
(3) H$m°b‘¡Z Zo (4) ¶§wJ Zo (3) g§doJm| H$m Vrd« àdmh
(4) eãX ^ÊS>ma An¶m©á hmoZm
87. VZmd H$m AW© h¡ g§VwbZ Ho$ ZîQ> hmoZo H$s gm‘mݶ ^mdZm Am¡a
n[apñW{V Ho$ {H$gr A˶{YH$ g§H$Q>nyU© H$maH$ H$m gm‘Zm H$aZo Ho$ 95. PyR> ~mobZo H$s AmXV ‘ZmoamoJ H$mo H$hm OmVm h¡-
(1) ’$mo{~¶m (2) BbyOZ
{bE ì¶dhma ‘| n[adV©Z H$aZo H$s VËnaVm& ¶h n[a^mfm àñVwV H$s
(3) {‘Wmo‘¡{Z¶m (4) {hñQ>r[a¶m
h¡-
(1) H$m°b‘¡Z Zo (2) JoQ²>g Zo 96. ^½Zmem H$s Xem ‘| N>mÌ H$m ì¶dhma Zht hmoVm h¡-
(3) S´>oda Zo (4) ¶w§J Zo (1) J¥h ˶mJ H$aZm
(2) AmË‘gånyU©/EH$mÝVdmgr
88. ‘mZ{gH$ ñdmñ϶ {dkmZ H$m A{^àm¶, ‘mZ{gH$ ñdmñ϶ Ho$ {Z¶‘m|
(3) AmH«$‘UH$mar ì¶dhma
H$mo ImoOZm Am¡a CgHo$ g§ajU Ho$ {bE Cnm¶ H$aZm h¡& ¶h n[a^mfm (4) amoJJ«ñV hmoZo H$s ~mV| H$aZm
àñVwV H$s h¡-
(1) S´>oda Zo (2) JoQ²>g Zo 97. ^¶ H$m àH$meZ {H$VZo àH$ma go hmoVm h¡?
(3) H«$mo Edo H«$mo Zo (4) BZ‘| go H$moB© Zht (1) VrZ (2) Xmo
(3) EH$ (4) {d{dY
89. ‘mZ{gH$ ñdmñ϶ {dkmZ dh {dkmZ h¡ {OgH$m gå~ÝY ‘mZg
H$ë¶mU go h¡& ¶h n[a^mfm àñVwV H$s h¡- 98. à˶j Ed§ {df¶JV IVao Ho$ à{V à{V{H«$¶m h¡-
(1) JoQ²>g Zo (2) H«$mo Ed§ H«$mo Zo (1) {MÝVm (2) dmX-{ddmX
(3) S´>oda Zo (4) BZ‘| go H$moB© Zht (3) ^¶ (4) hf©

82. 83. 84. 85. 86. 87. 88. 89. 90. 91. 92. 93. 94. 95. 96. 97. 98.
(2) (4) (1) (1) (1) (3) (1) (2) (3) (3) (4) (3) (3) (3) (2) (4) (3)
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&

n¥îR> 274 g‘m¶moOZ àJʶ

¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
99. H$ënZm H$s A{YH$Vm Ho$ H$maU {XdmñdßZ XoIZo dmbm| H$mo H$hVo h¢- 109. à{V¶mo{JVm Ho$ g‘¶ CËnÝZ hmoVm h¡-
(1) ~w{Õ‘mZ ì¶p³V (2) Ag‘m¶mo{OV ì¶p³V (1) VZmd (2) ÛÝÛ
(3) g‘m¶mo{OV ì¶p³V (4) Cnamo³V g^r (3) XþpíMÝVm (4) X~md

100. ~mbH$ Ho$ ‘mZ{gH$ ê$n go AñdñW hmoZo H$m H$maU h¡- 110. ~mbH$ Ho$ Ag‘m¶moOZ H$m H$maU hmoVm h¡-
(1) nm[adm[aH$ dmVmdaU (2) {dÚmb¶ H$m dmVmdaU (1) d§e naånam (2) {ZY©ZVm
(3) gm‘m{OH$ dmVmdaU (4) Cnamo³V g^r (3) ‘mZ{gH$ AmKmV (4) Cnamo³V g^r

101. {ejH$ Ho$ ‘mZ{gH$ ñdmñ϶ H$s ajm H$aZo dmbm H$maH$ h¡- 111. Ag‘m¶moOZ, ì¶p³V Am¡a CgHo$ dmVmdaU ‘| AgÝVwbZ H$m CëboI

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(1) H$R>moa AZwemgZ (2) An¶m©á doVZ h¡& ¶h H$WZ h¡-
(3) nm[adm[aH$ H${R>ZmB¶m± (4) g‘mO Ûmam gå‘mZ (1) dwS> H$m (2) JoQ>²g H$m
(3) doëS> H$m (4) ~mo[a§J H$m
102. g‘ñ¶mË‘H$ {ejH$m| ‘| {ZåZ{b{IV bjU H$m A^md hmoVm h¡-
(1) ¶moOZm~Õ H$jm AܶmnZ 112. g‘m¶moOZ ‘w»¶ ê$n go-
(2) dV©‘mZ ¶WmW© Ho$ à{V gÝVwpîQ> (1) ì¶p³V H$s AmÝV[aH$ ep³V¶m| na {Z^©a hmoVm h¡&
(3) AVm{H©$H$ ì¶dhma (2) n¶m©daU H$s AZwHy$bVm na {Z^©a hmoVm h¡&

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(4) à^mdr H$Îm©ì¶-{Zdm©h (3) Cnamo³V XmoZm| na
(4) BZ‘| go H$moB© Zht
103. ‘mZ{gH$ ê$n go ñdñW ì¶p³V H$s {deofVm hmoVr h¡-
(1) AmË‘{dídmg (2) OrdZ Ho$ bú¶ MwZmd 113. ‘mZ{gH$ WH$mZ Ho$ bjU h¢-
(3) g‘m¶moOZerbVm (4) Cnamo³V g^r (1) H$m¶© Ho$ à{V CËgmh Z hmoZm
(2) eara H$m {e{Wb hmoZm
104. {ejH$m| Ho$ ‘mZ{gH$ ñdmñ϶ H$mo Xÿ{fV H$aZo dmbm H$maU h¡- (3) ‘w±h go gm±g boZm
(1) nm[adm[aH$ H${R>ZmB© (4) ‘w±h H$m Iwbm ahZm
(2) Zm¡H$ar H$s gwajm
(3) An¶m©á doVZ 114. ~mbH$ ‘| ZmIyZ ¶m H$b‘ M~mZm O¡gr AmXVm| H$mo {ejH$ Nw>‹S>dm
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(4) Cnamo³V g^r gH$Vm h¡-

(1) à˶j AmbmoMZm go (2) Aà˶j AmbmoMZm go
105. {dÚmb¶ ‘| ‘mZ{gH$ ñdmñ϶ H$s Iam~r H$m H$maU h¡- (3) gwPmd XoH$a (4) g‘PmH$a
(1) g‘m¶moOZerbVm (2) OrdZ Ho$ bú¶ MwZmd
(3) AmË‘{dídmg (4) Cnamo³V g^r 115. ‘Zwî¶ ‘| H«$moY H$m àH$meZ {H$VZr XemAm| ‘| {XImB© XoVm h¡?
(1) VrZ (2) Xmo
106. loîR>Vm àm{á g‘m¶moOZ H$m AmYma h¡& ¶h H$WZ h¡-
(3) EH$ (4) {d{dY
(1) ES>ba H$m (2) dwS> H$m
(3) pñH$Za H$m (4) ’«$m¶S> H$m 116. {OÝh| ì¶p³V VZmd, XþpíMÝVm, Hw$ÊR>m Am{X go ~MZo ¶m CZHo$ gmW
g‘m¶moOZ hoVw AnZmVm h¡, do gmYZ H$hbmVo h¢-
107. AmË‘{g{Õ g‘m¶moOZ H$m AmYma h¡& ¶h H$WZ h¡-
(1) AmË‘-gwajm A{^¶mpÝÌ{H$¶m±
(1) ’«$m¶S> H$m (2) Ow§J H$m
(2) g‘m¶moOZ VÝÌ
(3) ES>ba H$m (4) dwS> H$m
(3) ‘mZ{gH$ ‘ZmoaMZmE±
108. ’«$m¶S> Ho$ AZwgma ghr h¡- (4) Cnamo³V g^r
(1) AMoVZ ‘Z g‘m¶moOZ H$m AmYma h¡&
117. àojU g‘m¶moOZ H$m EH$ Aà˶j Cnm¶ h¡, {OgH$m VmËn¶© h¡-
(2) {b{~S>mo àd¥{Îm g‘m¶moOZ H$m AmYma h¡&
(1) AnZr Ag’$bVmAm| H$m Xmof Xÿgam| na ‘‹T>Zm
(3) AdñWm g‘m¶moOZ H$m AmYma h¡&
(2) à˶j H$aHo$ XoIZm
(4) Cnamo³V g^r
(3) dñVwAm| H$mo ’o$aZm
(4) BZ‘| go H$moB© Zht
99. 100. 101. 102. 103. 104. 105. 106. 107. 108. 109. 110. 111. 112. 113. 114. 115. 116. 117.
(2) (4) (4) (1) (4) (4) (4) (1) (2) (4) (2) (4) (2) (3) (1) (2) (4) (4) (1)
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
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118. ~mbH$m| ‘| ^¶ H$s ^mdZm Xÿa H$aZo H$m gdm}Îm‘ Cnm¶ h¡- AJa Amn B.Ed, D.Ed, BSTC ¶m {ejU AܶmnZ Ho$ joÌ ‘| n‹T>mB©
(1) ~mbH$ H$mo CnXoe XoZo Mm{hE&
H$a aho h¢ Vmo Amngo {ZdoXZ h¡ {H$ {ZåZ{b{IV Whatsapp No. AnZr
(2) Cgo AHo$bo N>mo‹S> XoZm Mm{hE&
H$jm Ho$ ìhmQ²>gEn Jw«n ‘| Omo‹S>|& AJa AmnH$m ìhmQ²>gEn Jw«n Zht ~Zm hþAm
(3) Cg‘| AmË‘{dídmg n¡Xm H$aZm Mm{hE&
(4) CgH$m S>m°³Q>a go BbmO H$amZm Mm{hE&
h¡ Vmo H¥$n¶m H$‘ go H$‘ 20 {dÚmWu {‘bH$a ìhmQ²>gEn Jw«n ~Zm b|&
UPTET - 95301 43210
119. EH$ Jwã~mao dmbm Jwã~mao ~oMZo Ho$ {bE ~ÀMo Ho$ Ka Ho$ gm‘Zo bmVm h¡& MP Samvida - 95302 43210
BTET - 95302 43210
~ÀMm Cggo Jwã~mam boZm MmhVm h¡, naÝVw CgH$s ‘m± Cgo Jwã~mao Ho$ UTET - 72209 29294
{bE ‘Zm H$aVr h¡ VWm Cgo Jwã~mam boZo go d§{MV H$a XoVr h¡& Jwã~mam JTET - 72209 29239
Z nmZo go ~ÀMo ‘| CËnÝZ ‘mZ{gH$ pñW{V H$mo ‘Zmo{dkmZ H$s ^mfm HTET - 72209 29266
‘| ³¶m H$hm OmEJm? CGTET - 72209 28969
(1) AÝVÛ©ÝÛ (2) Hw$ÊR>m HPTET - 72209 28535
(3) AdamoY (4) AmdoJ
AmnHo$ ³bmg Ho$ ìhmQ²>gEn Jw«n ‘| {ejm g§~§Yr g^r à{V¶moJr narjm Ho$
120. O~ ì¶p³V {Zamem Ûmam CËnÝZ {MÝVm Ho$ H$maU AnZo àmapå^H$ nong©, ‘m°S>b nong© Ed§ Aݶ Aܶ¶Z gm‘J«r ^oOr OmEJr& AmnH$m ewê$ go
AWdm Am{X‘ ê$nm| ‘| dmng Mbm OmVm h¡, V~- ‘mJ©Xe©Z {H$¶m OmEJm, Vm{H$ Amn à{V¶moJr narjm ‘| A{VerK« g’$bVm
(1) à{VJ‘Z XoIZo H$mo {‘bVm h¡& àmá H$a gH|$&
(2) VmXmË‘¶ XoIZo H$mo {‘bVm h¡&
(3) n¥W³H$H$aU XoIZo H$mo {‘bVm h¡&
(4) Cnamo³V ‘| go H$moB© Zht

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àJʶ àH$meZ Ûmam CTET Ed§ à˶oH$ amÁ¶ Ho$ TET (UPTET, MP
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118. 119. 120.

(3) (2) (1)
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
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n¥îR> 276 {ejU A{YJ‘ H$s ‘yb à{H«$¶mE±
Aܶm¶ 14
{ejU A{YJ‘ H$s ‘yb à{H«$¶mE±
1.1 àñVmdZm
{ejU {ejm H$m EH$ gmYZ h¡ Ed§ BgH$m {deof H$m¶© kmZ VWm {ZnwUVm
àXmZ H$aZm h¡& gmYmaU eãXm| ‘| {ejU H$m AW©, {ejH$ dJ© Ûmam AnZm¶m
J¶m ì¶dgm¶ ¶m {H$gr ì¶p³V H$mo Hw$N> {ejU ¶m Hw$N> {deof kmZ, H$m¡eb,
ê${M¶m| VWm A[^ê${M¶m| Am{X H$mo àmá H$aZo Ho$ {bE àXmZ H$s OmZo dmbr
ghm¶Vm go {b¶m OmVm h¡& Xÿgar Amoa, {ejU OrdZ H$s g’$bVm H$m AmYma
h¡& AmYw{ZH$ ‘Zwî¶ Omo Hw$N> ^r h¡ VWm Omo ^r CgHo$ nmg h¡, dh g~ {ejU
Ho$ n[aUm‘ ñdê$n hr h¡& g‘yMo ‘mZdr¶ ì¶dhma H$mo, CgH$s A{YJ‘ à{H«$¶m
Ûmam ImoOm Om gH$Vm h¡& ¶o XmoZm| YmaUmE±, {ejm H$s ‘hÎdnyU© YmaUmE± h¡&
{ejU EH$ gm‘m{OH$ V϶ h¡& XmoZm| ‘| AQy>Q> gå~ÝY ^r h¡& Bg nmR> ‘| BZ
YmaUmAm|/à˶¶m| na {dñVmanyd©H$ {dMma {H$¶m OmEJm&
1.2 {ejU H$m AW©
EH$ gmYmaU ì¶p³V Ho$ {bE, {ejU H$m AW© gwì¶dpñWV {d{Y Ûmam {ejU
àXmZ H$aZm h¡& Omo EH$ {Z{í{MV g‘¶, {ZpíMV ì¶p³V Ûmam, EH$ {ZpíMV
ñWmZ na gånÝZ {H$¶m OmVm h¡& ¶{X H$moB© ì¶p³V {H$gr Aݶ ì¶p³V H$mo Hw$N>
nam‘e© àXmZ H$a ahm hmoVm h¡, Vmo Cgo {ejU hr ‘mZm OmVm h¡&
naånamJV ê$n go, {ejU H$m A{^àm¶ Eogr {H«$¶m go {b¶m OmVm h¡
{OgHo$ Ûmam, H$jm H$j ‘| {ejH$ gyMZmE± VWm kmZ, {ejm{W©¶m| H$mo {dV[aV
H$aVm h¡& gmYmaU ê$n go Bgo Hw$N> ~VmZo go g‘mZVm àXmZ H$s OmVr h¡,
naÝVw {ejU H$s Bg naånamJV ì¶m»¶m go AmYw{ZH$ {dÛmZ gh‘V Zht
h¡& AmYw{ZH$ AZwgÝYmZm| Ed§ AZw^dm| Ûmam ¶h {gÕ hmo MwH$m h¡ {H$ {ejU
à{H«$¶m BVZr gmYmaU VWm gab ñVar¶ à{H«$¶m Zht h¡& ¶h EH$ gm‘m{OH$
Ed§ gm§ñH¥${VH$ dmVmdaU ‘| K{Q>V hmoZo dmbr EH$ A˶ÝV O{Q>b, gm‘m{OH$,
gm§ñH¥${VH$ Ed§ Z¡{VH$ à{H«$¶m h¡& n[aUm‘V… {ejU H$s naånamJV YmaUm,
AmYw{ZH$ {dMmaH$m| Ûmam nyU©V… CnopjV H$a Xr JB© h¡&
{ejU Ho$ n[ad{V©V à˶¶ AZwgma, {ejU H$m bú¶ ~ÀMo H$mo
Amdí¶H$ kmZ, H$m¡eb Ed§ g‘mO ‘| ahZo H$s Amdí¶H$ {d{Y¶m| H$mo grIZo
VWm J«hU H$aZo Ho$ ¶mo½¶ ~ZmZm h¡& {ejU H$mo A~ VH$ EH$ Eogr à{H«$¶m ‘mZm
OmVm h¡ {OgHo$ Ûmam, {H«$¶mAm| Ho$ EH$ g‘yh Ûmam ~ÀMo Ho$ ì¶dhma ‘| EH$
{Z¶mo{OV n[adV©Z CËnÝZ {H$¶m OmVm h¡& Bg à{H«$¶m H$mo ~ÀMo H$s CÝZ{V Ho$
{bE à¶moJ {H$¶m OmVm h¡& BgH$m à‘wI CÔoí¶ ~ÀMoo H$mo CgHo$ dmVmdaU Ho$
gmW à^mdembr T>§J Ûmam à{V{H«$¶m H$m {ejU àXmZ H$aZm h¡& ¶h EH$ H$m¶©
Ho$pÝÐV à{H«$¶m h¡, {OgHo$ bú¶ nyd© {ZYm©[aV hmoVo h¢&
àJʶ
1.3 {ejU H$s n[a^mfmE±
{ejU My±{H$ gm‘m{OH$ VWm gm§ñH¥${VH$ dmVmdaU go K{Q>V hmoZo dmbr EH$
A˶ÝV O{Q>b, gm§ñH¥${VH$ Ed§ Z¡{VH$ à{H«$¶m h¡, BgH$m ñdê$n VWm g§JR>Z,
Cg g‘mO Ho$ gm‘m{OH$ VWm gm§ñH¥${VH$ ê$n Ho$ AZwgma n[ad{V©V hmoVm
ahVm h¡, {Og‘| ¶h K{Q>V hmoVr ahVr h¡& Eogr n[apñW{V ‘|, {ejU eãX H$s
nm[a^m{fH$ eãXmdbr ‘| ^r {ZaÝVa n[adV©Z hmoVm ahVm h¡&
gmYmaU AWm] ‘|, {ejU H$jm H$s n[apñW{V ‘|, {dÚm{W©¶m| H$mo nam‘e©
VWm {ZX}e XoZo H$s à{H«$¶m h¢& ¶h {ejU H$s naånamJV YmaUm h¡& {ejH$
loUr ‘| CnpñWV hmoH$a, nam‘e© VWm {ZX}e àXmZ H$aVm h¡ AWdm EH$ ¶m Xmo
ì¶p³V EH$ nmR²>¶ nwñVH$ go nR>Z H$aVo h¢& Bg naånamJV YmaUm H$mo dV©‘mZ
‘| Cno{jV H$a {X¶m J¶m h¡&
à˶oH$ {ejmemñÌr {ejU gå~ÝYr AnZr {d{eîQ> Ed§ [^ÝZ YmaUm
aIVm h¡& ¶hm± na {ejU H$s Hw$N> ‘hÎdnyU© n[a^mfmE± Xr Om ahr h¢-
1. ‘m¡argZ Ho$ AZwgma-
{ejU, EH$ nyU© n[an³d, ì¶p³VËd VWm H$‘ n[an³d ì¶p³VËd Ho$ ‘ܶ K{ZîR>
gå~ÝY h¡, {Og‘| H$‘ n[an³d ì¶p³VËd H$mo e¡{jH$ joÌ ‘| AJ«ga {H$¶m OmVm h¡&
2. àmo. nmR>H$ VWm ˶mJr Ho$ AZwgma-
ì¶mnH$ ê$n ‘| {ejU H$m AW© h¡ ~mbH$ H$mo Bg ¶mo½¶ ~ZmZm {H$ dh AnZo ^m¡{VH$
VWm gm‘m{OH$ dmVmdaU Ho$ gmW g‘m¶moOZ ñWm{nV H$a gH|$&
3. ~r. E’$. pñH$Za Ho$ AZwgma-
{ejU CZ Amdí¶H$ n[apñW{V¶m| H$s ì¶dñWm h¡ {OZHo$ AYrZ N>mÌ grIVo h¢&
do ñdm^m{dH$ dmVmdaU ‘| {ejU Ho$ {~Zm hr grIVo h¢, naÝVw {ejH$ CZ {deof
n[apñW{V¶m| H$s ì¶dñWm H$aVo h¢ Omo grIZo Ho$ H$m¶© H$mo VoO H$aVr h¢& gmW hr Omo
ì¶dhma Ho$ àH$Q>rH$aU H$mo Ëd[aV ~ZmVr h¢ Am¡a Omo AݶWm Yrao-Yrao àmá hmoVr ¶m
Cg ì¶dhma Ho$ àH$Q>rH$aU H$mo {ZpíMV ~ZmVr h¢ Omo BgHo$ {~Zm H$^r K{Q>V hmo hr
Zht gH$Vm Wm&
4. O¡³gZ Ho$ AZwgma-
{ejU Xmo ¶m Xmo go A{YH$ ì¶p³V¶m| Ho$ ‘ܶ nmañn[aH$ ì¶dhma h¡ {OgHo$ AÝVJ©V
EH$ ì¶p³V ({ejH$) Xÿgao gh^m{J¶m| ({dÚm{W©¶m|) ‘| {deof n[adV©Z CËnÝZ H$aZm
MmhVm h¡&
5. Mm¡hmZ Ho$ AZwgma-
{ejU H$m CÔoí¶ ~mbH$ H$mo A{YJ‘ Ho$ {bE ào[aV H$aZm VWm kmZ àXmZ H$aZm
h¡& BgH$m ‘w»¶ CÔoí¶, ~ÀMoo H$s dmVmdaU Ho$ à{V à^m{dV à{V{H«$¶m H$mo àH$Q> H$aZo
‘| ghm¶Vm H$aZm h¡& ¶h n[a^mfm {ejU H$s naånamJV n[a^mfmAm| go Hw$N> {^ÝZ h¡&
àJʶ {ejU A{YJ‘ H$s ‘yb à{H«$¶mE±
6. eo’$a Ho$ AZwgma-
eo’$a Zo {ejU H$s Omo n[a^mfm Xr h¡ Cg‘| N>mÌm| Ho$ ~m¡{ÕH$ ñVa H$mo ^r
‘hÎdnyU© ñWmZ {X¶m J¶m h¡& CÝhm|Zo {bIm h¡ {H$-
{ejU EH$ {H«$¶m h¡ Omo N>mÌm| H$s ~m¡{ÕH$ ep³V Ed§ ñdVÝÌ {ZU©¶-ep³V H$s
j‘Vm H$m gå‘mZ H$aVo hþE CgH$m Am^mg H$amVr h¡&
7. pñ‘W Ho$ AZwgma-
pñ‘W Zo {ejU H$mo A{YJ‘ Ho$ {bE H$s OmZo dmbr {H«$¶mAm| H$s EH$ àUmbr
H$hm h¡& CgHo$ AZwgma-
Bg àUmbr ‘| EH$ A{^H$Vm© EH$ bú¶ Ed§ EH$ Eogr n[apñW{V gpå‘{bV h¡,
{Og‘| Xmo àH$ma Ho$ H$m¶m} Ho$ g‘yh hmoVo h¢- àW‘ dh {OZ na A{^H$Vm© H$m H$moB©
{Z¶ÝÌU Zht hmoVm O¡go {H$ loUr H$m AmH$ma, {dÚm{W©¶m| Ho$ ^m¡{VH$ bjU H$jm H$m
AmH$ma Am{X Ed§ {ÛVr¶ dh gwYma H$a gH$Vm h¡, O¡go {H$ àíZ nyN>Zo H$s {d{Y Ed§
kmZ àm{ßV H$s {d{Y Am{X&
8. ãby‘ Ho$ AZwgma-
{ejU {H«$¶mE±, O¡go {H$ ^mfU, àíZmoVa Ed§ {Z¶wp³V¶m| H$m bú¶, kmZmË‘H$,
^mdmË‘H$ VWm {H«$¶mË‘H$ CÔoí¶m| H$mo àmá H$aZm h¢&
9. ES>‘ÊS> Eo{‘S>mZ Ho$ AZwgma-
{ejU EH$ AÝV…à{H«$¶m h¡, {Og‘| ‘w»¶V… H$jm dmVm© hmoVr h¡, Omo {ejH$ d N>mÌm|
Ho$ ‘ܶ Hw$N> n[a^m{fV H$s Om gH$Zo dmbr {H«$¶mAm| Ho$ ‘mܶ‘ go K{Q>V hmoVr h¡&’’
10. JoQ>²g A{YJ‘ Ho$ AZwgma-
AZw^d Ûmam ì¶dhma ‘| ê$nmÝVa bmZm hr A{YJ‘ h¢&
11. ³bmH©$ Ho$ AZwgma-
³bmH©$ Zo {ejU à{H«$¶m H$mo ~ÀMoo Ho$ ì¶dhma n[adV©Z go gå~{ÝYV {H$¶m h¡&
CgHo$ AZwgma-
{ejU go A{^àm¶ CZ {H«$¶mAm| go h¡, {OZH$m àñVwVrH$aU Ed§ g§aMZm, {dÚm{W©¶m|
Ho$ ì¶dhma ‘| n[adV©Z CËnÝZ H$aZo Ho$ {bE {H$¶m OmVm h¡&
12. S>m°. amYmH¥$îUZ² Ho$ AZwgma-
{ejm H$mo ‘Zwî¶ Am¡a gånyU© g‘mO H$m {Z‘m©U H$aZm Mm{hE& Bg H$m¶© H$mo {H$¶o
{~Zm AZwd©a Am¡a AnyU© h¡&
13. ~Q>©Z Ho$ AZwgma-
~Q>©Z Ûmam {ejU H$s àñVwV H$s JB© n[a^mfm A{YH$ ì¶mnH$ Ed§ C{MV h¡&
CgHo$ AZwgma-
{ejU go A{YJ‘ Ho$ H$m¶© ‘| àoaUm, ‘mJ©Xe©Z, {ZX}eZ Ed§ CËgmh h¡&
Bg n[a^mfm Ho$ AZwgma {ejU Ho$ Mma nj h¢, Omo {ZåZ{b{IV h¢-
1. CÎmoOZm- BgH$m AW© h¡, {dÚm{W©¶m| ‘| ZdrZ {df¶m| Ho$ à{V
A{YJ‘ Ho$ {bE àoaUm CËnÝZ H$aZm& BgH$m CÔoí¶ ~ÀMoo H$mo
A{YJ‘ Ho$ {bE VËna ~ZmZm h¡, Vm{H$ CgHo$ ^rVa grIZo H$s
BÀN>m à~b hmo gHo$& BgHo$ {bE nwañH$ma, àe§gm, ñdmñ϶dY©H$
à{V¶mo{JVmAm| Am{X H$m à¶moJ {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡&
n¥îR> 277
2. ‘mJ©Xe©Z/{ZX}eZ- BgH$m AW© hmoVm h¡, {dÚmWu H$mo ‘mJ©Xe©Z
àXmZ H$aZm Vm{H$ dh AnZr ¶mo½¶VmAm| H$m C{MV AZw‘mZ bJm
gHo$ VWm à¶moJ H$a gHo$& AnZo ÑpîQ>H$moU VWm kmZ ‘| A{YH$
go A{YH$ d¥{Õ H$a gHo$, {OgHo$ Ûmam dh AnZo ~mø dmVmdaU
gm‘ÝOñ¶ ñWm{nV H$a gHo$&
3. {Xem-{ZX}eZ- BgH$m AW© hmoVm h¡ {H$ {ejÊm EH$ bú¶-àYmZ
à{H«$¶m h¡ Ed§ ¶h nyd©-{ZpíMV ì¶dhma H$mo {ZYm©[aV H$aVr h¡&
{H«$¶mE± ^r {Z¶ÝÌUmYrZ hmoVr h¡& g‘¶ H$s ~MV hmoVr h¡ VWm
A{YJ‘ ‘| {ZnwUVm CËnÝZ hmoVr h¡&
4. A{YJ‘ Ho$ à{V àmoËgmhZ- ¶h {dÚmWu H$mo àmoËgm{hV H$aVr h¡,
Vm{H$ dh A{YH$ go A{YH$ kmZ EH${ÌV H$a gH|$&
Bg àH$ma ~hþV go {dÕmZm| Zo {ejU H$s AZoH$ n[a^mfmE± Xr h¡&
dmñVd ‘| {ejU EH$ {Ì‘wIr à{H«$¶m h¡, {OgHo$ AÝVJ©V {ejH$, {ejmWu
Ed§ {ejU A{YJ‘ pñW{V¶m| H$s Eogr H$m¶©erb gh^m{JVm gpå‘{bV h¡, Omo
{dÚmWu Ho$ ì¶dhma ‘| gwYma n¡Xm H$aZo ‘| ghm¶H$ hmoVr h¡& {ejU H$s à{H«$¶m,
{ejmWu Ed§ {df¶-dñVw H$mo EH${ÌV H$aVr h¢& ¶h ì¶p³V H$s {H«$¶m H$m EH$
CXmhaU h¡, {OgH$m bú¶ ì¶p³V H$s {H«$¶mep³V H$s ¶mo½¶Vm ‘| d¥{Õ H$aZm h¡&
1.4 {ejU H$s {deofVmE± Ed§ àH¥${V
EH$ {dMmamZwgma, {ejU EH$ Eogr à{H«$¶m h¡ Omo {ejm Ho$ VrZ ‘w»¶ {~ÝXþAm|,
{ejH$, {ejmWu Ed§ {df¶-dñVw ‘| gå~ÝY ñWm{nV H$aVr h¡& BgHo$ Ûmam,
{ejH$, {ejmWu VWm {df¶-dñVw H$mo EH${ÌV H$aVm h¡& {ejH$ Ed§ {ejmWu
XmoZm| Bg‘| {H«$¶merb hmoVo h¢, àW‘ {ejU ‘| VWm {ÛVr¶ A{YJ‘ ‘|& {ejU
H$s àH¥${V, CgH$s AJ«m§{H$V {deofVmAm| go ÑpîQ>JV hmoVr h¡&
1. kmZ àXmZ H$aZm
A{YH$m§eV… dñVwE± Eogr h¡, {OÝho§ {dÚmWu ñd¶§ Zhr§ Ty>±T> gH$Vo& A{YH$m§e
dñVwE± Eogr ^r h¡, {OZHo$ {df¶ ‘| do Hw$N> Zht OmZ gH$Vo, AJa CÝh| ~Vm¶m
Z OmE& AZoH$ dñVwAm| Ho$ Cn¶moJ Ho$ {df¶ ‘| ^r CÝh| kmZ Zht hmoVm& AV…
BZ dñVwAm| Ho$ à¶moJ gå~ÝYr CÝh| kmZ XoZm n‹S>Vm h¡& Bg àH$ma, {ejU H$m
EH$ Amdí¶H$ H$m¶©, kmZ Ed§ OmZH$mar H$m g§Mma H$aZm h¡&
2. A{YJ‘ CËnÝZ H$aZm
¶h {dMma AZw{MV h¡ {H$ kmZ YZ H$s ^m±{V, EH$ ì¶p³V go, Aݶ ì¶p³V Ho$
nmg Mbm OmEJm& kmZ Ho$db V^r àmßV hmoVm h¡ O~, {dÚmWu Cgo àmßV H$aZo
Ho$ {bE VËna hmoVo h¡& dmñV{dH$ {ejU, ~ÀMo H$mo {H$gr {d{Y ¶m {H$gr T>§J
Ûmam, ñd¶§ A{YJ‘ Ho$ {bE ào[aV H$aVm h¡& {ejH$ EH$ ‘mܶ‘ h¡, Omo Cgo
A{YJ‘ Ed§ ñd¶§ H$m¶© H$aZo ‘| ghm¶Vm àXmZ H$aVm h¡&
3. AZoH$ {H«$¶mAm| H$m gpå‘lU
[ejU AZoH$ {H«$¶mAm| H$m {‘lU h¡, O¡go {H$ {df¶-dñVw H$m àñVwVrH$aU,
ì¶m»¶m, nyN>-VmN>, A{^àoaUm Ed§ ‘yë¶m§H$Z Am{X& ¶o {H«$¶mE± ¶Ú{n nañna
gå~pÝYV h¡, VWm{n BZH$m ApñVËd {^ÝZ àH$ma h¡&
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
n¥îR> 278 {ejU A{YJ‘ H$s ‘yb à{H«$¶mE±
4. ñdVÝÌ à{H«$¶m Zht
{ejU EH$ ñdVÝÌ à{H«$¶m Zht h¡& ¶h {H$gr gm‘m{OH$ à~ÝY ‘| ApñVËd
aIVr h¡& Bg‘| {ejU, ì¶p³V ¶m g‘yh Ho$ ì¶mdhm[aH$ emoY H$m bú¶ aIVm
h¡&
5. g§Mma H$m¡ebm| Ûmam à^m{dV
{ejU à{H«$¶m H$mo, {d{^ÝZ àH$ma Ho$ g§Mma H$m¡eb à^m{dV H$aVo h¢& {OVZm
CÎm‘ g§Mma H$m¡eb hmoJm, CVZr hr CÎm‘ {ejU à{H«$¶m hmoJr&
6. n[adV©Zerb àH¥${V
{ejU gX¡d n[adV©Zerb à{H«$¶m ‘| go JwOaVm ahVm h¡& ¶h gX¡d OrdZ
Ho$ gm‘m{OH$ à~ÝY Ed§ gm§ñH¥${VH$ dmVmdaU go gå~pÝYV hmoVm h¡& g‘¶
H$s J{V H$o gmW-gmW, gm‘m{OH$ ‘yë¶ VWm AmXe© n[ad{V©V hmoVo ahVo h¢,
Bg{bE {ejU ^r gX¡d n[adV©Z H$s à{H«$¶m go JwOaVm ahVm h¡&
7. dmVmdaU Ho$ à{V à{V{H«$¶m
{ejU, ~ÀMo H$mo AnZo dmVmdaU Ho$ à{V à^mdembr {d{Y Ûmam à{V{H«$¶m
AnZmZo ‘| ghm¶Vm àXmZ H$aVm h¡& ’«$s‘¡Z Ho$ AZwgma,
¶o dh Zht h¡ Omo ~ÀMo H$mo àñVwV {H$¶m OmVm h¡ ¶m Omo {ejm àXmZ H$aVm h¡ ~pëH$
¶o CgH$s BgHo$ à{V à{V{H«$¶m h¡, Omo Cgo {e{jV H$aVr h¡&
8. dmVmdaU Ho$ à{V AZwHy$bVm
~mbH$ OÝ‘ go hr {H$gr Z {H$gr {d{Y Ûmam, AnZo ^m¡{VH$ Ed§ gm‘m{OH$
dmVmdaU Ho$ à{V à{V{H«$¶m H$aVm h¡& CgH$s ¶o à{V{H«$¶mE± Xmo àH$ma H$s hmoVr
h¡ bm^àX Ed§ hm{ZàX& {ejH$ H$mo Mm{hE {H$ dh ~ÀMo Ho$ g’$b AZwHy$bZ
‘| ghm¶Vm àXmZ H$ao& ¶h Xmo {d{Y¶m| Ûmam hmo gH$Vr h¡& H$^r-H$^r h‘
dmVmdaU H$mo n[ad{V©V H$aVo ¶m T>mbVo h¢ Ed§ {H$gr g‘¶ h‘ ~ÀMoo H$mo
ep³Vembr ^r ~ZmVo h¡& {ejU H$mo Mm{hE {H$ do ~ÀMo H$mo gm‘m{OH$ ê$n go
à^mdembr ~ZmE& Aݶ eãXm| ‘|, g‘mO H$m EH$ ¶mo½¶ ZmJ[aH$ ~ZmE&
9. g§doJm| H$s {ejm
ao~‘© Ho$ AZwgma, {ejU ~ÀMm|| Ho$ g§doJmË‘H$ OrdZ H$mo {ejm Ed§ CËgmh àXmZ
H$aZo dmbr à{H«$¶m h¡& {ejU Ho$ Ûmam ~ÀMm|| H$mo ào‘‘¶r Ed§ ñdVÝÌ dmVmdaU
àXmZ H$aZm Mm{hE VWm CZHo$ g§doJmË‘H$ OrdZ H$mo {dH${gV H$aZm Mm{hE&
CÝh| Eogr {H«$¶mE± H$aZr Mm{hE, {OZgo OÝ‘OmV àd¥{Îm¶m| H$mo bm^àX H$m¶m]
H$s Amoa AJ«ga {H$¶m Om gHo$&
10. Am¡nMm[aH$ Ed§ AZm¡nMm[aH$
{ejU Am¡nMm[aH$ Ed§ AZm¡nMm[aH$, XmoZm| àH$mam| H$m hmoVm h¡& H$jm ‘| {ejU
Am¡nMm[aH$ {d{Y Ûmam hmoVm h¡ Ed§ H$jm go ~mha H$m {ejU AZm¡nMm[aH$ hmoVm
h¡& XmoZm| àH$ma Ho$ {ejU nañna ghm¶H$ hmoVo h¢&
11. MoVZ Ed§ AMoVZ
{ejU, gMoV Ed§ AMoV XmoZm| à{H«$¶m h¡& BgH$m A{YH$ à^mdembr ^mJ dh
h¡ {Ogo AMoV H$hm OmVm h¡ A{YH$Va ~ÀMm§o H$s {H«$¶mAm| H$mo ¶hr {Z¶{ÝÌV
H$aVm h¡& {dÚmWu VWm {ejH$ Ho$ ‘ܶ d¡¶p³VH$ gå~ÝY {dÚmWu H$s d¥{Õ Ed§
CÝZ{V H$mo A˶ÝV à^m{dV H$aVo h¡&
àJʶ
12. H$m¡ebnyU© ì¶dgm¶
{ejU EH$ H${R>Z Ed§ O{Q>b à{H«$¶m h¡& à˶oH$ ì¶p³V Bg‘| g’$bVm àmßV
Zht H$a gH$Vm& g’$bVm àmßV H$aZo Ho$ {bE Cgo C{MV n[apñW{V¶m| H$m
{Z‘m©U H$aZo Ho$ {bE, {ejU Ed§ AZwXoeZ H$s {d{^ÝZ gmYmaU {d{Y¶m| VWm
àUm{b¶m| H$m kmZ hmoZm Mm{hE& Cgo {ejm Ho$ gmYmaU CÔoí¶m| Ho$ {df¶ ‘|
^r kmZ hmoZm Mm{hE&
13. V¡¶mar H$m gmYZ
¶Ú{n {ejm H$m EH$‘mÌ CÔoí¶ ^{dî¶ H$s V¡¶mar Zht h¡, VWm{n ¶h BgH$m
‘hÎdnyU© CÔoí¶ ‘mZm OmVm h¡& {ejU H$m CÔoí¶ An[an³d ~ÀMoo H$mo
emar[aH$, ~m¡{ÕH$ g§doJmË‘H$ VWm AmpË‘H$ ñVa na CÝZV H$aZm h¡, Vm{H$
dh à^mdembr {d{Y Ûmam, gm‘wXm{¶H$ OrdZ ‘| ^mJ bo gH|$&
14. CÎmoOZmnyU© Ed§ CËgmhnyU©
{ejU H$mo ~ÀMoo ‘| CËgmh CËnÝZ H$aZm Mm{hE& Cgo ~ÀMo H$s àmH¥${VH$
BÀN>mAm| H$m¶© H$aZo Ed§ {H«$¶merb ahZo Am{X H$m {dH$mg H$aHo$, Cgo gX¡d
CËgm{hV H$aVo ahZm Mm{hE&
15. ‘mJ©Xe©Z
{ejU H$m H$m¶© {dÚm{W©¶m| H$mo C{MV g‘¶ na, C{MV {d{Y Ûmam Ed§ C{MV
dñVwAm| Ho$ {df¶ ‘| {ejm àXmZ H$aZm h¡& {ejU H$mo Bg àH$ma ~ÀMm| H$m
‘mJ©Xe©Z H$aZm Mm{hE {H$ CgH$m g‘¶, gm‘J«r Ed§ ep³V ZîQ> Z hmo&
16. ¶moOZm~Õ à{H«$¶m
{ejU EH$ ¶moOZm~Õ VWm {Z¶{‘V à{H«$¶m h¡& EH$ {d{eîQ> ¶moOZmZwgma Bgo
g§J{R>V {H$¶m OmVm h¡&
17. à^mdembr ì¶dhma
{ejU EH$ à^mdembr ì¶dhma h¡, Omo Xÿgam| Ho$ ì¶dhma H$mo n[ad{V©V H$aZo
‘| ghm¶H$ hmoVm h¡&
18. EH$ njr¶ ‘mJ© Zht
{ejU EH$ njr¶ Zht h¡& ¶h {ejH$ Ed§ AZoH$m| {dÚm{W©¶m| Ho$ ‘ܶ EH$
A§V{H«©$¶m h¡& Bgo {Ûnjr¶ à{H«$¶m, {Og‘| {ejH$ Ed§ {dÚmWu g{H«$¶ hmoVo
h¢, ^r H$hm OmVm h¡& dV©‘mZ ‘| Bgo {Ìnjr¶ à{H«$¶m {dÚmWu, {ejH$ Ed§
dmVmdaU Ho$ ‘ܶ hmoZo dmbr AÝV{H«©$¶m H$m Zm‘ ^r àXmZ {H$¶m J¶m h¡&
19. H$bm ^r Ed§ {dkmZ ^r
{ejU H$s àH¥${V H$bm àYmZ ^r h¡ VWm {dkmZ-àYmZ ^r& Hw$N> ì¶p³V
OÝ‘OmV {ejH$ hmoVo h¢& CZHo$ {bE {ejU EH$ {‘eZ hmoVm h¡& do AnZr H$bm
Ho$ Ûmam, An[an³d ~ÀMo Ho$ ApñVËd H$mo ‘y{V©H$ma H$s ^m±{V Vame H$a Cgo
EH$ ZdrZ Ed§ g§emo{YV ê$n àXmZ H$aVo h¢, naÝVw Bg‘| à¶moJ H$s OmZo dmbr
{deof VH$ZrH$s Ed§ H$m¡eb Am{X, Bgo {dkmZ H$m ê$n XoVo h¢& BZ‘| {ZnwUVm
àmá H$a, EH$ CÎm‘ {ejH$ ~Zm Om gH$Vm h¡& {gëda‘¡Z Zo ghr hr H$hm h¡
{H$ {ejU {M{H$Ëgm H$s ^m±{V hr EH$ H$bm h¡, ³¶m|{H$ Bg‘| {eîQ>Vm Ho$ gmW-
gmW g¥OZmË‘H$Vm H$s ^r Amdí¶H$Vm hmoVr h¡, ¶h {dkmZ ^r h¡, ³¶m|{H$
Bg‘| AZoH$ VH$ZrH$s Ed§ H$m¡ebm| H$m à¶moJ {H$¶m OmVm h¡& {OZH$m H«$‘~Õ
àJʶ {ejU A{YJ‘ H$s ‘yb à{H«$¶mE±
Aܶ¶Z H$aZm hmoVm h¡ Ed§ CÝh| {dH${gV H$aZm hmoVm h¡&
20. {ZXmZmË‘H$ àd¥{Îm
{ejU H$m gånyU© H$m¶© {dÚm{W©¶m| H$s H${‘¶m|, ep³V¶m|, ¶mo½¶VmAm| Am{X
go n[a{MV hmoZm h¡& ¶h EH$ {M{H$ËgH$ Ho$ H$m¶© Ho$ g‘mZ hr hmoVm h¡, Omo
gd©àW‘ amoJ H$s n‹S>Vmb H$aVm h¡, VËníMmV² CgH$m {ZXmZ H$aVm h¡& {ejU
H$m H$m¶© ^r Eogm hr hmoVm h¡&
21. EH$ g‘mO godm
{ejU Ho$ ì¶dgm¶ H$mo g‘mO godm Ed§ {ejH$ H$mo g‘mO godH$ hmoZo H$m
gå‘mZ àmßV h¡& h±J VWm S>§H$Z Zo {ejU H$mo EH$ A{ÛVr¶, ì¶mdgm{¶H$
Ed§ VH©$erb ‘mZdr¶ à{H«$¶m ‘mZm h¡, {OgHo$ AÝVJ©V EH$ g¥OZmË‘H$ Ed§
H$ënZmË‘H$ ì¶p³V, AnZo kmZ H$mo Aݶ bmoJm| Ho$ {hVm| Ho$ {bE à¶moJ H$aVm
h¡& ¶h nyU©V… g˶ h¡ {H$ {H$gr g‘mO VWm amîQ´> H$m ^{dî¶, {ejH$ Ho$ hmWm|
‘| hmoVm h¡ Ed§ Cgo gm‘m{OH$ {d{Y¶m| Ûmam AmH$ma àXmZ H$aVm h¡&
1.5 {ejU Ed§ g‘mZmW©H$ YmaUmAm|/à˶¶m|
H$s {d{^ÝZVm
{ejU H$s YmaUm H$mo nyU©V… AmË‘gmV H$aZo Ho$ {bE, Cgo CgH$s Hw$N>
g‘mZmW©H$ YmaUmAm|, O¡go {H$ AZw~ÝYZ, à{ejU, AZwXoeZ Ed§ à{VnmXZ
go n¥WH²$ H$aZm Amdí¶H$ h¡& ¶Ú{n ¶o YmaUmE±, {ejU go {‘bVr-OwbVr h¡,
VWm{n dmñVd ‘| ¶o, {ejU H$s {H$gr EH$ àUmbr ¶m Aݶ àUmbr H$mo Xem©Vr
h¡& {ejU EH$ ì¶mnH$ YmaUm h¡ VWm ¶o g^r CgHo$ {^ÝZ-{^ÝZ ^mJ h¡, Omo
{H$gr {d{eîQ> àH$ma Ho$ {ejU H$mo hr àH$Q> H$aVo h¢& ¶o {ejU Ho$ {d{^ÝZ
CÔoí¶m| H$mo AnZr-AnZr {d{Y¶m| Ûmam nyU© H$aVo h¢&
1. AZw~ÝYZ
AZw~ÝYZ H$mo {ejU Ho$ {ZåZV‘ Ed§ àmW{‘H$ ñVa Ho$ à{V{Z{Y Ho$ ê$n ‘|
‘mݶVm Xr OmVr h¡& Bg‘| ‘mZ{gH$ ep³V¶m| H$s CÝZ{V H$s H$‘ gå^mdZm h¡&
O~ {H$gr new H$m, {H$gr AmXoe O¡go {H$ KÊQ>r H$s Üd{Z Am{X Ûmam Amdí¶H$
{H«$¶m, O¡go {H$ hmW CR>mZm, n¡a {hbmZm ¶m H$moB© {deof {H«$¶m Am{X H$aZo H$s
{ejm Xr OmVr h¡, Vmo Bg àH$ma Ho$ Aܶ¶Z H$mo AZw~ÝYZ H$hm OmVm h¡& Bg
àH$ma AZw~ÝYZ Ûmam ‘mZd H$mo MoVmdZr, g§Ho$V ¶m {ZX}e Am{X H$m nmbZ
H$aZo H$s {ejm àXmZ H$s Om gH$Vr h¡& ¶h ñdMm{bV hmoVr h¡& Bgo ñd^mdm|
H$m {Z‘m©U ^r H$hm OmVm h¡& Bg àH$ma ~ÀMm| ‘| EopÀN>H$ {H«$¶mAm| Ed§ CÎm‘
àd¥{Îm¶m| H$m {Z‘m©U {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡&
2. à{ejU
à{ejU, AZw~ÝYZ go Hw$N> A{YH$ CÀM {ejU h¡& à{ejU gmYmaUV… newAm|
H$mo àXmZ {H$¶m OmVm h¡, O~{H$ ì¶p³V H$mo {e{jV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& à{ejU
{ejU H$s g§Hw${MV YmaUm h¡&
à{ejU Ûmam {^ÝZ-{^ÝZ H$m¡ebm| Ho$ A{YJ‘, M[aÌ-{Z‘m©U Ed§
ì¶dhma H$mo gw¶mo½¶ ~ZmZo ‘§o ghm¶Vm {‘bVr h¡& ¶h {H$gr {d{eîQ> ¶mo½¶Vm
¶m H$m¡eb H$m {dH$mg H$aVr h¡& ¶h ‘m¡{IH$ nwñVH$m| Ho$ nR>Z ¶m gwPmdm| H$mo
n¥îR> 279
gwZZo go Zht AmVr& BgHo$ {bE {ZaÝVa Aä¶mg Ed§ {H$gr C{MV ¶mo½¶Vm ¶m
XjVm H$m kmZ aIZo dmbo ‘mJ©Xe©H$ H$s Amdí¶H$Vm n‹S>Vr h¡, Omo AnZo H$m¶©
H$m à{Vê$n àñVwV H$a gHo$& EH$ à{ejU àmá ì¶p³V, {ejU H$s ‘m¡{bH$
g§aMZm H$mo g‘PZo Ho$ níMmV², AZoH$m| CnH$aUm| na AZoH$ àH$ma Ho$ H$m¶m] H$mo
CÎm‘ T>§J go H$a gH$Vm h¡& {ejU H$s Anojm ‘| à{ejU ‘| ~hþV H$‘ {eîQ>Vm
H$s Amdí¶H$Vm hmoVr h¡& à{ejU Ûmam gab ì¶dhma CËnÝZ {H$¶m Om gH$Vm
h¡& naÝVw O{Q>b ì¶dhma CËnÝZ Zht {H$¶m Om gH$Vm&
3. AZwXoeZ
AZwXoeZ H$mo AZw~ÝYZ Ed§ à{ejU go CÀM ñWmZ àmá h¡& BgH$m gå~ÝY
kmZ Ho$ {dH$mg Ed§ ì¶p³V Ho$ ~moY go hmoVm h¡& ¶h {H$gr {df¶-dñVw à{H«$¶m
¶m àUmbr Ho$ {df¶ ‘| kmZ VWm ~moY CËnÝZ H$aVm h¡& {ejU Ho$ AZoH$m|
CÔoí¶m| ‘| go, kmZ Ed§ ~moY CËnÝZ H$aZm, nyU©V² VwÀN> Ed§ ‘hÎdhrZ h¡&
AZwXoeZ, ì¶p³V Ho$ Ho$db ~m¡{ÕH$ {dH$mg, go gå~ÝY aIVm h¡,
O~{H$ {ejU H$m CÔoí¶ EH$ gånyU© ì¶p³VËd H$m {Z‘m©U h¡& AZwXoeZ ‘| ~ÀMo
H$s ê${M¶m| Ed§ CgHo$ ‘mZ{gH$ ñVa H$mo, gmYmaUV… Cno{jV H$a {X¶m OmVm
h¡, O~{H$ {ejU ‘| ~ÀMoo H$s ê${M¶m| Ed§ CgHo$ ‘mZ{gH$ ñVa H$s Amoa {deof
ܶmZ {X¶m OmVm h¡& BgHo$ A{V[a³V {ejU ‘|, {ejH$ VWm {dÚm{W©¶m| Ho$ ‘ܶ,
nañna à˶j gå~ÝY hmoVm h¡ VWm CZHo$ ‘ܶ A§V{H«©$¶m hmoVr h¡ naÝVw AZwXoeZ
‘| Eogm Zht hmoVm& Bg‘| {ejH$ Ho$ A^md ‘| Aݶ {ejU gmYZm| Ûmam ^r {ZX}e
àXmZ {H$E Om gH$Vo h¢&
4. CnXoe/à{VnmXZ
¶h {ejU H$m CÀMV‘ ñVa h¡& BgH$s ghm¶Vm go, ì¶p³V Ho$ ApñVËd ‘|,
AmXem} Ed§ ‘yë¶m| H$s ñWmnZm H$s Om gH$Vr h¡& BgHo$ {bE A{YH$ {ZnwUVm
Ed§ kmZ H$s Amdí¶H$Vm hmoVr h¡& BgHo$ Ûmam, {dídmgm| VWm {dMmam| H$mo Vamem
¶m emo{YV {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡& ì¶p³V Ho$ ‘pñVîH$ ‘| {dÚ‘mZ nyd© {dMmam|
H$mo hQ>m H$a, ZdrZ {dMmam| H$mo CËnÝZ {H$¶m OmVm h¡& ‘hmnwéf, Jwé, g’$b
amOZr{Vk, g‘yhm| VWm Xbm| Ho$ amOZr{Vk Am{X, à{VnmXZ H$s$ Am‹S> ‘| bmoJm|
H$mo AnZr {dMmaYmam, {MÝVZ ‘mݶVmAm|, {dídmgm| Ed§ H$m¶©e¡br Ho$ a§J ‘|
a§JZo ‘| ¶mo½¶ hmo OmVo h¡& {ejH$ ^r Bgo AnZr {ejU àUmbr ‘| gpå‘{bV
H$a gH$Vm h¡& Bg àH$ma, à{VnmXZ {ejU H$m EH$ A§J ~Z OmVm h¡& CnXoe
àXmZ H$aZo Ho$ {bE, bKw lo{U¶m± Am¡nMm[aH$ hmoVr h¡& Bg‘| Am¡nMm[aH$Vm go
Zht ~Mm Om gH$Vm& {ejU Am¡nMm[aH$, AZm¡nMm[aH$ Ed§ Aem¡nMm[aH$ ^r hmo
gH$Vm h¡& {ejU, à{VnmXZ H$s àUmbr Ho$ A^md ‘| ^r gå^d h¡& ¶h {ejU
H$s EH$ {d{Y hr h¡&
AÝV ‘| H$hm Om gH$Vm h¡ {H$ AZw~ÝY, à{ejU, AZwXoeZ Ed§ CnXoe
{ejU Ho$ {d{^ÝZ ñVam| H$m à{V{Z{YËd H$aVo h¢& BZ g^r H$mo {ejU H$m A§J
Vmo ‘mZm Om gH$Vm h¢, naÝVw {ejU Zht& ¶Ú{n ¶o g^r A§J, nañna {^ÝZ
h¡, {H$ÝVw Agå~pÝYV Zht h¡& {ejU à{H«$¶m ‘|, BZ‘| go {H$gr EH$ H$m ^r
{ejU àUmbr Ho$ ê$n ‘| à¶moJ {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡&
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&

n¥îR> 280 {ejU A{YJ‘ H$s ‘yb à{H«$¶mE± àJʶ

1.6 {ejU H$s g§aMZm 4. H$maU àXmZ H$aZm

5. à‘mU EH${ÌV H$aZm
gånyU© {ejU à{H«$¶m ‘| {d{^ÝZ {H«$¶mE± H$s OmVr h¡& BZ {H«$¶mAm| H$mo VrZ
6. àXe©Zr
dJm|© ‘| {d^m{OV {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡& Aݶ eãXm| ‘|, {ejU H$mo {Ì-‘wIr¶
7. n[a^m{fV H$aZm
à{H«$¶m Ho$ ê$n ‘| d{U©V {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡& {ejU {H«$¶mAm| Ho$ ¶o VrZm| nj
8. VwbZm H$aZm
AYmo{b{IV h¡&
2. ¶moOZmË‘H$ {H«$¶mE±
1. {M• Ed§ g§Ho$V
¶o {H«$¶mE± h¢ Omo à‘wI ê$n go {ejU H$s ¶moOZm ¶m {df¶-dñVw Ho$ g§JR>Z Ho$
{ejH$ {ejU à{H«$¶m ‘| {M•m| Ed§ g§Ho$Vm| H$m à¶moJ H$aVm h¡& {dÚmWu CÝh|
{bE AnZm¶r JB© ¶moOZmAm| ¶m {ejU Ho$ Xm¡amZ {dÚm{W©¶m| H$mo {Xem-{ZX}eZ
g‘PVo h¢& {ejH$ Ûmam à¶moJ {H$E JE {M•m| Ed§ g§Ho$Vm| H$s {dÚmWu ì¶m»¶m
àXmZ H$aZo Ho$ {bE à¶moJ H$s OmVr h¢& J«rZ Zo Bg‘|$ gmV {H«$¶mE± gpå‘[bV
H$aVo h¢ VWm g§Mma ‘| CZH$m à¶moJ ^r H$aVo h¡& nmR²>¶-gm‘J«r Ho$ àñVwVrH$aU
H$s h¡&
Ed§ ‘yë¶m§H$Z ‘| BZ {M•m| VWm g§Ho$Vm| H$m A{YH$ Cn¶moJ hmoVm h¡& Bg àH$ma,
1. àoaUmàX ~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$
{ejU à{H«$¶m Ed§ ‘yë¶m§H$Z gab hmo OmVo h¢& 2. nam‘e©H$mar H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU
2. {ejU Ed§ VH©$ 3. ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$aZm àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr
4. {Z¶moOZ h¡ {H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s
{ejU-à{H«$¶m ‘| {M•m| Ed§ g§Ho$Vm| Ho$ ‘mܶ‘ go AZwXoeZ {H$¶m OmVm h¡&
PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ>
BgHo$ A{V[a³V {ejU Ho$ g‘¶ ^mfm H$m à¶moJ ^r {H$¶m OmVm h¡& ^mfm Ho$ 5. àmoËgm{hV H$aZm
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A^md ‘§o {ejU gå^d Zht h¡& {ejU ^mfm-{dkmZ H$s hr à{H«$¶m h¡& ^mfm Ho$ 6. AZwemgZ H$m {Z‘m©U Ed§ go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
à¶moJ Ûmam hr {ejH$ {ZX}e XoVm h¡& KQ>ZmAm| H$m dU©Z Ed§ ì¶m»¶m H$aVm h¡& 7. àíZ nyN>Zm
{ejH$ VWm {dÚm{W©¶m| ‘| ^mfm Ho$ A^md ‘| AÝV{H«©$¶m Zht hmo gH$Vr, ^mfm 3. AZwXoemË‘H$ {H«$¶mE±
Ûmam hr dh {ejU Amaå^ H$aVm h¡ VWm AÝV ‘| CÔoí¶ àm{á ‘| g’$bVm àmá ¶o {H«$¶mE± h¢ Omo à‘wI ê$n go, g§ñWm ¶m {dÚmb¶ Ûmam {ejH$ Ho$ H$m¶© H$mo
H$aVm h¡& {ejU g§aMZm ‘| ^mfm H$m à‘wI ñWmZ h¡& g§J{R>V H$aZo H$s {d{Y go gå~pÝYV h¡& J«rZ Zo BZHo$ AÝVJ©V gmV àH$ma H$s
3. {ejH$ Ed§ VH©$ {H«$¶mE± gpå‘{bV H$s h¢-
{ejU à{H«$¶m ‘| ^mfm Ed§ VH©$, XmoZm| hr gpå‘{bV h¢& {ejU Ho$ {bE VH©$ 1. YZmO©Z
{deofV… Cn¶moJr h¡& Cgo nmR²>¶-dñVw H$s bKw BH$mB©¶m| H$mo gwì¶dpñWV T>§J 2. hm°b H$s XoI aoI
go àñVwV H$aZo Ho$ {bE VH©$ H$m Aml¶ boZm n‹S>Vm h¡& {ejU {H«$¶mAm| H$s 3. g^mAm| ‘| CnpñWV hmoZm
ì¶dñWm VH©$nyU© {d{Y Ûmam hr H$s OmVr h¡& Bg àH$ma {ejU à{H«$¶m H$s 4. CnpñW{V bJmZm
¶moOZm ì¶dñWm, {Z¶ÝÌU Ed§ ‘yë¶m§H$Z ‘| VH©$ H$m hmoZm A˶ÝV Amdí¶H$ h¡& 5. A{^^mdH$m| go ‘ob-Omob
6. gyMZmAm| H$m {Z‘m©U
Bg àH$ma h‘ XoIVo h¢& {H$ {ejU Ho$ BZ VrZm| njm| H$mo EH${ÌV
7. {ZarjU H$aZm
H$aHo$ gånyU© {ejU H$hm OmVm h¡& {ejU à{H«$¶m Ho$ ~moY Ho$ {bE Ed§ CgH$s
ì¶dñWm H$aZo ‘| BZ VrZm| njm| H$m {deof ‘hÎd h¡&
1.8 {ejU Ho$ CÔoí¶
1.7 {ejU H$s {H«$¶mE± {ejU Ho$ à‘wI CÔoí¶ {ZåZ{b{IV h¢-
1. {ejU H$m CÔoí¶ {dÚmWu H$mo ghm¶Vm àXmZ H$aZm h¡, {OgHo$ Ûmam
¶o do {H«$¶mE± h¡, Omo EH$ {ejH$, H$jm H$j ‘| {ejU Ho$ g‘¶ H$aVm h¡& BZ
dh CÎm‘ {dMmaH$ Ed§ CÎm‘ H$m¶©H$Îmm© ~Z gH|$&
{ejU {H«$¶mAm| ¶m H$m¶m] H$mo g‘yhm| ‘| {d^m{OV H$aZo H$s AZoH$ {d{Y¶m±
2. {ejU H$m CÔoí¶ EH$ gånyU© ‘mZd H$m {Z‘m©U h¡, {Og‘| CgHo$
h¡& pñ‘W Zo BZ {H«$¶mAm| H$mo kmZmË‘H$ Ed§ à^mdembr {ejU {H«$¶mAm| ‘| ApñVËd H$m à˶oH$ nj nyU©V… {dH${gV hmo gHo$&
{d^m{OV {H$¶m h¡& Wm°‘g J«rZ Zo BZ {ejU {H«$¶mAm| H$mo {ZåZm§{H$V VrZ dJm] 3. {dÚm{W©¶m| H$mo Bg àH$ma ghm¶Vm àXmZ H$aZm {H$ do AnZr
‘| {d^m{OV {H$¶m h¡& AZw^y{V¶m| Ed§ à˶j H$maUm| go g‘m¶moOZ H$aVo hþE dmñV{dH$Vm
1. VH©$nyU© {ejU {H«$¶mE± H$m ~moY àmá H$a gHo$&
BZH$m gå~ÝY à‘wI ê$n go {MÝVZ Ed§ VH©$ go h¡& J«rZ Zo Bg‘| {ejU Ho$ 4. {dÚmWu AnZo AmÝV[aH$ Ed§ ~mø AZw^dm| go gm‘ÝOñ¶ CËnÝZ
AmR> VH©$nyU© H$m¶© gpå‘{bV {H$E h¢- H$a gHo$&
1. ì¶m»¶m 5. {H$gr ^r g‘¶, {H$gr H$s, {H$gr ^r ê$n ‘| ghm¶Vm H$a gHo$,
2. Cng§hm[aVm {Og‘| do ñd¶§ ZdrZ AZw^d H$a gHo$ VWm aMmZmË‘H$ H$m¶© H$a
3. {ZîH$f© {ZH$mbZm gHo$&
àJʶ {ejU A{YJ‘ H$s ‘yb à{H«$¶mE± n¥îR> 281

6. {dÚm{W©¶m| ‘| ¶h JwU CËnÝZ H$aZm {H$ ¶o ñd¶§ C{MV {ZU©¶ bo 6. àemgZ Ho$ AZwgma {ejU Ho$ àH$ma
gHo$& {ejU na àemgZ àUmbr H$m A{YH$ à^md n‹S>Vm h¡& à˶oH$ àemgZ àUmbr
H$m AnZm {^ÝZ àH$ma H$m {ejU hmoVm h¡-
1. EH$VmpÝÌH$ {ejU
1.9 {ejU Ho$ àH$ma 2. bmoH$VmpÝÌH$ {ímjU
{ejU EH$ gm‘m{OH$ à{H«$¶m h¡& Bg na h‘mao g‘mO H$s Xme©{ZH$, Am{W©H$, 3. hñVjona{hV {ejU
gm‘m{OH$, amOZ¡{VH$ Ed§ gm§ñH¥${VH$ {dMmaYmamAm| H$m à^md n‹S>Vm h¡&
n[aUm‘V… {ejU Ho$ AZoH$ CÔoí¶ ~Z OmVo h¢& BgH$m {d^mOZ ^r AZoH$
X¥pîQ>H$moUm| Ho$ AmYma na {H$¶m OmVm h¡& BÝh| {ZåZ{b{IV X¥pîQ>H$moUm| Ho$ 1.10 CÎm‘ {ejU H$s {deofVmE±
AmYma na dJuH¥$V {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡- EH$ CÎm‘ {ejU H$s {deofVmE± {ejH$ Ho$ JwUm| go gå~pÝYV hmoVr h¡& EH$
à^mdembr {ejH$ ‘| VrZ àH$ma Ho$ JwU hmoVo h¡- nyd© H$maH$, à{H«$¶m H$maH$ Ed§
1. {ejU Ho$ CÔoí¶m| H$m ÑpîQ>H$moU
CËnmXZ H$maH$& {ejU à^mderbVm H$m gå~ÝY à{H«$¶m H$maH$ ¶m AdñWm
{ejU Ho$ VrZ àH$ma Ho$ CÔoí¶ hmoVo h¢, {OZH$s àm{á Ho$ {bE {d{^ÝZ àH$ma
go hmoVm h¡&
Ho$ {ejU H$s ì¶dñWm H$s OmVr h¡-
1. kmZmË‘H$ {ejU CÎm‘ {ejH$ H$s {deofVmAm| H$m CëboI g‘mO VWm àemgZ Ho$
2. ^mdmË‘H$ {ejU gÝX^© ‘| hr {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡& à˶oH$ àemgZ àUmbr Ho$ CÎm‘ {ejU H$s
3. {H«$¶mË‘H$ {ejU {deofVmE± {^ÝZ-{^ÝZ hmoVr h¡& EH$ bmoH$Vm{ÝÌH$ ì¶dñWm dmbo amîQ´> AWm©V²
^maV ‘| CÎm‘ {ejU H$s {ZåZ{b{IV {deofVmE± hmoZr Mm{hE-
2. {ejU ñVam| H$m ÑpîQ>H$moU
{ejU EH$ {ZaÝVa J{Verb {H«$¶m ‘mZr OmVr h¡& {OgHo$ AÝVJ©V, {dMmahrZ 1. CÎm‘ {ejU A{YJ‘ Ho$ {bE ào[aV H$aVm h¡
Ed§ CÀM {dMmamË‘H$ {H«$¶mE± H$s OmVr h¡& Bg ûm¥§Ibm H$mo VrZ ñVam| ‘| CÎm‘ {ejU ~ÀMo H$mo ñd¶§ A{YJ‘ Ho$ ¶mo½¶ ~ZmVm h¡& ¶h ~ÀMo Ho$ ‘pñVîH$
{d^m{OV {H$¶m J¶m h¡- H$s ny{V© gyMZmAm| go Zht H$aVm A{nVw ¶h ~ÀMo H$mo Hw$N> {H«$¶mAm| Ho$ ¶mo½¶
1. ñ‘¥{V ñVa ~ZmVm h¡, {Oggo ñdm^m{dH$ ê$n go A{YJ‘ àmá hmoVm h¡&
2. ~m¡{ÕH$ ñVa 2. CÎm‘ {ejU Amdí¶H$ Ed§ M¶{ZV gm‘J«r àXmZ H$aVm h¡
3. {MÝVZ ñVa EH$ CÎm‘ {ejH$ nwñVH$m| VWm AZw^dm| go àmá gånyU© gm‘J«r H$mo EH$ hr
3. {ejU ga§MZm H$m ÑpîQ>H$moU g‘¶ n‹T>mZo H$m à¶mg Zht H$aVm& dh Ho$db Amdí¶H$ Ed§ M¶{ZV gm‘J«r hr
{ejU, {dÚm{W©¶m| H$mo ZdrZ kmZ àXmZ H$aZo Ho$ {bE {H$¶m OmVm h¡& BgHo$ àñVwV H$aVm h¡& Omo {dÚm{W©¶m| H$mo EH$ C{MV OrdZ¶mnZ Ed§ g‘mO H$m EH$
A{V[a³V {dÚm{W©¶m| H$s {ZXmZmË‘H$ àH¥${V Ho$ AmYma na CnMmamË‘H$ {ejU CÎmaXm¶r ZmJ[aH$ ~ZZo ‘| ghm¶Vm H$aVr h¡&
^r {H$¶m OmVm h¡& Bg ÑpîQ> go {ejU Xmo àH$ma H$m h¡- 3. CÎm‘ {ejU {H«$¶merbVm Ho$ Adga àXmZ H$aVm h¡
1. dU©ZmË‘H$ {ejU ~mbH$ OÝ‘ go hr {H«$¶merb hmoVm h¡& gwñV ~ÀMm ^m¡{VH$ Ed§ ‘mZ{gH$ ê$n go
2. CnMmamË‘H$ {ejU amoJr hmo gH$Vm h¡& EH$ CÎm‘ AܶmnH$ {dÚm{W©¶m| H$mo g{H«$¶ ~ZmVm h¡& CÝh|
4. {ejU ì¶dñWm H$m ÑpîQ>H$moU AZwem{gV aIZo H$m ¶h EH$ CÎm‘ T>§J h¡&
{ejU H$s ì¶dñWm {ZpíMV Ed§ A{ZpíMV H$m¶©H«$‘m| Ho$ AZwgma H$s OmVr h¡& 4. CÎm‘ {ejU {Z¶mo{OV hmoVm h¡
Bg àH$ma ì¶dñWmnH$ ÑpîQ>H$moU go {ejU VrZ àH$ma H$m h¡- EH$ AÀN>m {ejH$ gmdYmZr nyd©H$ ~ÀMm| H$s ‘mZ{gH$ AdñWm H$m Aܶ¶Z
1. Am¡nMm[aH$ {ejU H$aVm h¡, VWm d¡¶p³VH$ {^ÝZVmAm| H$mo ܶmZ ‘| aIVo hþE, CZHo$ {bE {df¶-
2. AZm¡nMm[aH$ {ejU dñVw H$m {Z‘m©U H$aVm h¡& EH$ Ag§J{R>V nmR²>¶ gX¡d Ag’$b hmoVm h¡, {OgHo$
3. A§em¡nMm[aH$ {ejU n[aUm‘ñdê$n g‘¶, ep³V Ed§ YZ H$s hm{Z hmoVr h¡&
5. {ejU {H«$¶mAm| H$m ÑpîQ>H$moU 5. CÎm‘ {ejU ~ÀMo H$m dmVmdaU Ho$ gmW g‘m¶moOZ ~ZmZo ‘| ghm¶Vm
{ejU Ho$ AÝVJ©V AZoH$ àH$ma H$s {H«$¶mE± H$s OmVr h¢& CÝh| VrZ ^mJm| ‘|§ H$aVm h¡
{d^m{OV {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡- ‘mZd g{X¶m| go àmH¥${VH$ ep³V¶m| Ho$ {dê$Õ g§Kf© H$a ahm h¡& Cggo ¶h
1. àñVwVrH$aU go gå~pÝYV {ejU Cå‘rX H$s OmVr h¡ {H$ ¶m Vmo dh ñd¶§ H$mo BZ àmH¥${VH$ ep³V¶m| Ho$ AZwgma
2. àXe©Z go gå~pÝYV {ejU AZwHy${bV H$ao ¶m {’$a BZ ep³V¶m| H$mo AnZo AZwHy$b H$a bo& EH$ CÎm‘
3. H$m¶© gå~pÝYV {ejU
{ejU, ~ÀMo H$mo XmoZm| {XemAm| Ho$ {bE V¡¶ma H$aVm h¡&
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
n¥îR> 282 {ejU A{YJ‘ H$s ‘yb à{H«$¶mE±
6. CÎm‘ {ejU ~ÀMo H$mo ào[aV H$aVm h¡
EH$ CÎm‘ {ejH$ AnZo {dÚm{W©¶m| H$mo àoaUm àXmZ H$aVm h¡& dh AnZo
ì¶p³VËd Ho$ JwUm| VWm {H«$¶mAm| Ûmam ~ÀMm| H$mo à^m{dV H$aVm h¡ VWm {ejm
Ho$ {bE àoaUm Xo H$a, V¡¶ma H$aVm h¡&
7. CÎm‘ {ejU ghmZw^y{V Ed§ göX¶VmnyU© hmoVm h¡
EH$ CÎm‘ {ejH$ H$jm ‘| ào‘‘¶r dmVmdaU H$m {Z‘m©Êm H$aVm h¡& dh AnZo
{dÚm{W©¶m| H$s ^mdZmË‘H$ pñWaVm Ed§ gwajm H$m ܶmZ aIVm h¡& dh CZHo$
gmW ghmZw^y{V ào‘ Ed§ göX¶Vm nyU© ì¶dhma H$aVm h¡& dh Z Vmo CÝh| X{ÊS>V
H$aVm h¡ VWm Z hr CZ na H«$mo{YV hmoVm h¡&
8. CÎm‘ {ejU gh¶moJr hmoVm h¡
CÎm‘ {ejU EH$ {H«$¶merb Ed§ OrdÝV à{H«$¶m h¡& EH$ CÎm‘ {ejH$, AnZo
{dÚm{W©¶m| Ho$ gh¶moJ H$s ‘m±J H$aVm h¡&
9. CÎm‘ {ejU bmoH$VmpÝÌH$ hmoVm h¡
EH$ CÎm‘ {ejH$ gX¡d AnZo {dÚm{W©¶m| H$s d¡¶p³VH$Vm H$m gå‘mZ H$aVm h¡&
dh CÝh| ñd¶§ go VwÀN> Zht ‘mZVm& dh gX¡d bmoH$Vm{ÝÌH$ {dMma, AmXe©,
{df¶-dñVw, {d{Y¶m± VWm CÔoí¶ AnZo gå‘wI aIVm h¡ Ed§ CZH$m AZwgaU
H$aHo$ hr H$m¶© H$aVm h¡&
10. CÎm‘ {ejU àJ{Verb hmoVm h¡
EH$ CÎm‘ {ejH$ {ZaÝVa AnZr VH$ZrH$s Ed§ {d{Y¶m| ‘| n[adV©Z H$aVm ahVm
h¡& ¶h n[adV©Z gH$mamË‘H$ hmoZm Mm{hE& dh ~ÀMo Ho$ OrdZ ‘| Amdí¶H$ Ed§
C{MV àJ{V H$aZo ‘| ghm¶Vm àXmZ H$aVm h¡&
11. CÎm‘ {ejU ^mdZmË‘H$ pñWaVm H$s Amoa AJ«ga H$aVm h¡
~ÀMo ‘| ~hþV gr ep³Vembr àd¥{Îm¶m± hmoVr h¡ Omo AnZr g§VwpîQ> H$s ‘m±J H$aVr
h¡& EH$ CÎm‘ {ejH$ H$mo ¶h kmV hmoVm h¡ {H$ ¶{X CZ àd¥{Îm¶m± H$mo C{MV {Xem
‘| AJ«ga Z {H$¶m J¶m, Vmo ¶o ~ÀMo Ho$ {bE hm{ZH$maH$ {gÕ hm|Jr& Bg{bE dh
~ÀMo H$mo Eogo Adga àXmZ H$aVm h¡, {OZHo$ Ûmam CZH$s OÝ‘OmV àd¥{Îm¶m|
H$mo C{MV ‘mJ©Xe©Z àmá hmo gHo$&
12. CÎm‘ {ejU {ZXmZmË‘H$ Ed§ CnMmamË‘H$ hmoVm h¡
EH$ CÎm‘ {ejH$, {d{^ÝZ ‘mnXÊS>m| H$m à¶moJ H$aHo$, ~ÀMo H$s ê${M¶m|,
A{^ê${M¶m|, ~w{Õ‘Vm Ed§ Aݶ JwUm| H$s OmZH$mar àmá H$aVm h¡ VWm CgHo$
AZwgma AnZo H$m¶© H$mo {Z¶mo{OV H$aVm h¡&
13. CÎm‘ {ejU ~ÀMo H$mo ^{dî¶ Ho$ {bE V¡¶ma H$aVm h¡
EH$ CÎm‘ {ejU ~ÀMo Ho$ ApñVËd Ho$ g^r njm|§ H$mo CÝZV H$aHo$, Cgo AmË‘-
{Z^©a ~ZmVm h¡& Bggo CgH$m ^{dî¶, gwa{jV ~ZVm h¡&
14. CÎm‘ {ejU {ejmWu H$mo ñdVÝÌ ~ZmVm h¡
CÎm‘ {ejU {dÚmWu H$mo ñdVÝÌ ~ZmVm h¡& dh Bg ¶mo½¶ hmo OmVm h¡ {H$ {H$gr
^r g‘ñ¶m H$m ñd¶§ g‘mYmZ H$a gH|$& Cgo {H$gr na {Z^©a Zht ahZm n‹S>Vm&
15. CÎm‘ {ejU ‘pñVîH$ na ~moP Zht S>mbVm
CÎm‘ {ejU A{YJ‘ àmßVH$Vm© Ho$ ‘pñVîH$ H$mo ^aZo ¶m Cg na {H$gr àH$ma H$m ~moP
bmXZo H$m H$m¶© Zht& dmñVd ‘| ¶h Vmo ‘pñVîH$ go {H$gr ZdrZ dñVw H$mo hQ>mZo O¡gm h¡&
àJʶ
1.11 {ejU A{YJ‘ H$s YmaUm
{ejU H$m ‘w»¶ H$m¶© {dÚm{W©¶m| H$mo A{YJ‘ H$s gw{dYm àXmZ H$aZm h¡&
AmYw{ZH$ {dMmaYmam Ho$ AZwgma A{YJ‘ EH$ YmaUm h¡& {ejH$ H$s YmaUm
V~ VH$ AnyU© h¡ O~ VH$ A{YJ‘ H$mo CgHo$ gmW Cëbo{IV Z {H$¶m OmE&
~r.Amo. pñ‘W Zo {ejU H$mo EH$ à{H«$¶m ‘mZm h¡, Omo A{YJ‘ CËnÝZ
H$aVr h¡& Ohm± {ejU h¡, dhm± A{YJ‘ Adí¶ hmoJm, {H$ÝVw Ohm± A{YJ‘ h¡,
dhm± ¶h Amdí¶H$ Zht {H$ {ejU ^r hmoJm& pñ‘W, {ejU Ed§ A{YJ‘ H$mo Xmo
nyU©V… {d{^ÝZ YmaUmE± ‘mZVm h¡& {H$ÝVw CgH$m ¶h nyU© {dídmg h¡ {H$ {ejU
H$s {H«$¶mAm| H$m {díbofU, A{YJ‘ Ho$ ñdê$nm| Ho$ A^md ‘| Zht hmo gH$Vm&
³bmH©$ H$s YmaUm h¡ {H$ A{YJ‘ EH$ ñWm¶r ì¶mdhm[aH$ n[adV©Z
h¡, Cg na n[an³dVm H$m à^md Zht n‹S>Vm Ed§ {ejU dh à{H«$¶m h¡, Omo
{dÚm{W©¶m| Ho$ ì¶dhma ‘| ñWm¶r n[adV©Z CËnÝZ H$aVr h¡& Bg àH$ma {ejU
H$s CnbpãY H$m ‘mnXÊS> A{YJ‘ hr h¡&
EZ.Eb. JoO H$m ‘V h¡ {H$ {ejU Ed§ A{YJ‘ H$s YmaUmAm| ‘| AÝVa
{H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡, {H$ÝVw {ejU à{H«$¶m H$m A{YJ‘ go gm‘§Oñ¶ Adí¶
hmoZm Mm{hE, V^r dh à^mdembr hmo gH$Vr h¡& Bg gÝX^© ‘| {ejU A{YJ‘
H$mo EH$ {^ÝZ YmaUm ‘mZZm Mm{hE& {ejU A{YJ‘ H$mo {ZåZ àH$ma n[a^m{fV
{H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡-
{ejU A{YJ‘ à{H«$¶m, {ejH$ Ed§ {dÚm{W©¶m| Ho$ ‘ܶ EH$ AÝV{H«©$¶m h¡, Ohm±
CZHo$ Ûmam nañna gyMZm {dV[aV H$aZo Ed§ àmá H$aZo Ho$ n[aUm‘ñdê$n Hw$N>
ì¶mdhm[aH$ n[adV©Z hmoVo h¡&
JoO Ho$ AZwgma-
{ejU Ed§ A{YJ‘ H$s à{H«$¶mAm| H$m nañna gm‘§Oñ¶ ñWm{nV H$aZm Mm{hE Vm{H$
e¡{jH$ joÌ ‘| Hw$N> CÎm‘ K{Q>V hmo gHo$& h‘| à^mdembr {ejU Ho$ {bE, {ejU-
A{YJ‘ à{H«$¶m H$mo EH$ à{H«$¶m ‘mZZm Mm{hE&
A{YJ‘ H$mo gmYmaU ê$n ‘| {H«$¶mAm| Ed§ n[apñW{V¶m| Ûmam {ejmWu
Ho$ ì¶dhma ‘| àJ{Verb n[adV©Z CËnÝZ H$aZm H$hm OmVm h¡& {ejU à{H«$¶m
H$m H$m¶© CZ C{MV n[apñW{V¶m| H$m {Z‘m©U H$aZm h¡& Omo A{YJ‘ CËnÝZ
H$aVr h¡& pñ‘W Zo {ejU H$s {H«$¶mAm| H$mo àUmbr H$s g§km Xr h¡, Omo A{YJ‘
CËnÝZ H$aVr h¡& Bggo kmV hmoVm h¡ {H$ {ejU Ho$ {bE {ejm Amdí¶H$ h¡
Ed§ A{YJ‘ n[apñW{V¶m| H$mo à^mdembr {ejU Ho$ {bE CËnÝZ {H$¶m OmZm
Amdí¶H$ h¡& n[aUm‘V… dV©‘mZ ‘| {ejU A{YJ‘ H$s YmaUm na A˶ÝV ~b
{X¶m OmZo bJm h¡&
1.12 {ejU A{YJ‘ à{H«$¶m
¶h g˶ h¡ {H$ {ejU Ed§ A{YJ‘ Xmo {^ÝZ-{^ÝZ YmaUmE± h¡ VWm EH$-Xÿgao
go ñdVÝÌ H$m¶© ^r H$a gH$Vo h¢, {H$ÝVw {ejm-à{H«$¶m Ho$ CÎm‘ n[aUm‘ àmá
H$aZo Ho$ {bE BZ‘| gm‘§Oñ¶ CËnÝZ H$aZm A{V Amdí¶H$ h¡& BÝh| nañna
{ZH$Q> AmZm Mm{hE Ed§ {‘b-Owb H$a H$m¶© H$aZm Mm{hE& BZHo$ g§íbofU
H$mo {ejU A{YJ‘ à{H«$¶m H$s g§km àXmZ H$s JB© h¡& ¶o Xmo Zht, ~pëH$ EH$
{d{eîQ> à˶¶ h¡& Bg à{H«$¶m Ûmam {ejmWu Ho$ ì¶dhma ‘| n[adV©Z CËnÝZ
hmoVm h¡, òmoVm| H$m hb Zht hmoVm&
àJʶ {ejU A{YJ‘ H$s ‘yb à{H«$¶mE±
1.13 {ejU Ed§ A{YJ‘ H$m gå~ÝY
e¡{jH$ joÌ ‘| {ejU Ed§ A{YJ‘ gX¡d gmW-gmW J{Verb ahVo h¡& {ejU
H$m ‘w»¶ CÔoí¶ A{YJ‘ H$mo à^m{dV H$aZm h¡& Ohm± {ejU {H$¶m OmVm h¡,
dhm± A{YJ‘ {H«$¶mE± Adí¶ hmoVr h¡& {ejU H$m ‘w»¶ H$m¶©, {dÚm{W©¶m| H$mo
A{YJ‘ H$s gw{dYm àXmZ H$aZm h¡& {ejU-A{YJ‘ à{H«$¶m ‘|, {ejU A{YJ‘
H$m nyaH$ h¡& ¶o XmoZm| EH$ hr {g³Ho$ Ho$ Xmo {d{^ÝZ nhby h¡& dmñVd ‘|, ¶h
{ejU hr h¡, {OgH$m n[aUm‘ A{YJ‘ hmoVm h¡&
A{YJ‘ Ed§ {ejU ‘| {ZH$Q>V‘$ gå~ÝY h¡& dmñVd ‘| ¶h EH$ gånyU©
à{H«$¶m Ho$ Xmo nj h¡& Omo {ejH$, {ejmWu, {df¶-dñVw Ed§ AZwXoeZmË‘H$
gm‘J«r Ho$ BX©-{JX© Ky‘Vo h¡& {ejU H$s gånyU© {H«$¶mAm| H$m Ho$ÝÐ, EopÀN>H$
A{YJ‘ CËnÝZ H$aZm hmoVm h¡& Aݶ eãXm| ‘|, {ejU A{YJ‘ H$mo CËnÝZ
H$aZo H$m H$maU h¡&
1. OrdZn¶©ÝV J{Verb à{H«$¶mE±
{ejU H$s ^m±{V A{YJ‘ ^r J{Verb à{H«$¶m h¡& h‘ {H$gr go ^r, Hw$N> ^r
grI gH$Vo h¢&
2. {ejU à{H«$¶m Ed§ A{YJ‘ Ho$ A§Jm| Ho$ ‘ܶ {ZH$Q>V‘ gå~ÝY
¶{X h‘ A{YJ‘ Ho$ A§Jm| VWm {ejU à{H«$¶m H$s VwbZm H$a| Vmo kmV hmoVm h¡
{H$ XmoZm| ‘| JhZ gå~ÝY h¢& {ejU ‘| {ejmWu Ho$ {bE kmZ, H$m¡ebm| VWm
‘Zmod¥{Îm¶m| H$mo àmá H$aZo Ho$ {bE ¶moOZmË‘H$ à¶ËZ {H$E OmVo h¢& {ejU ^bo
hr A{YJ‘ CËnÝZ H$ao ¶m Z H$ao, {H$ÝVw à^mdembr {ejU dht hmoVm h¡ Omo
A{YJ‘ H$m g¥OZ H$aVm h¡&
3. àW‘ AÝV h¡ Ed§ {ÛVr¶ ‘mܶ‘
{ejU EH$ ‘mܶ‘ h¡ Ed§ A{YJ‘ CgH$m n[aUm‘ h¡&
4. {ejU Ho$ {Z¶‘, A{YJ‘ {Z¶‘m| na AmYm[aV hmoVo h¢
{ejU Ed§ A{YJ‘ XmoZm| Ho$ {d{^ÝZ {Z¶‘ h¢, {H$ÝVw gmYmaUV… ¶h XmoZm|
nmañn[aH$ {Z¶‘m| na {Z^©a h¢& {ejU A{YJ‘ Ho$ {Z¶‘m| go ghm¶Vm àmá
H$aVm h¡ VWm A{YJ‘, {ejU Ho$ {Z¶‘m| go ghm¶Vm àmá H$aVm h¡& {gångZ
Ho$ AZwgma {ejU Ho$ Hw$N> ‘hÎdnyU© {Z¶‘ Omo A{YJ‘ Ho$ {Z¶‘m| na AmYm[aV
h¢, do h¢- nyU©V… ¶moOZm~Õ, bmoH$VmpÝÌH$, ghmZw^y{VnyU© Ed§ gh¶moJr,
CÎmoOZmnyU©, {ZXmZmË‘H$ Ed§ {ejmWu Ho$ nyd© kmZ Ed§ AZw^dm| H$mo ܶmZ ‘|
aIZo dmbm hmoVm h¡&
5. {ejU Ho$ {gÕmÝV, A{YJ‘ Ho$ {gÕmÝVm| na AmYm[aV h¡
‘Zmo{dkmZ ‘| A{YJ‘ Ho$ AZoH$ {gÕmÝV h¡, O¡go- à¶ËZ Ed§ Ìw{Q> {ejm
{gÕmÝV, AZw~ÝYZ H$m {gÕmÝV, AÝVX¥©pîQ> {gÕmÝV Am{X& H«$moZ~mM Ho$
‘VmZwgma, {ejU Ho$ {gÕmÝVm| H$mo A{YJ‘ Ho$ {gÕmÝVm| na AmYm[aV {H$¶m
Om gH$Vm h¡& {ejU {gÕmÝVm| H$mo A{YJ‘ Ho$ {gÕmÝVm| na AmYm[aV {H$¶m
J¶m h¡&
A{YJ‘ {gÕmÝVm| Zo A{YJ‘ Ho$ Hw$N> {Z¶‘ àXmZ {H$E h¢, {OZHo$
D$na {ejU Ho$ {gÕmÝVm| H$mo AmYm[aV {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡& ¶o {Z¶‘ h¡-
A{YJ‘, CÔoí¶ Ho$pÝÐV, {H«$¶merb Ed§ g¥OZmË‘H$ AZwHy$bZ go ào[aV Am{X&
Bg àH$ma A{YJ‘ Ho$ {Z¶‘m| H$m à¶moJ H$aHo$, {ejU à{H«$¶m ‘| gwYma CËnÝZ
n¥îR> 283
{H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡, Omo {ejmWu Ûmam ^{dî¶ ‘| X¥pîQ>JV JhZ A{YJ‘ Ho$
n[aUm‘ñdê$n X¥pîQ>JV hmoVm h¡&
6. XmoZm| H$bmE± h¢
{ejU {deofV… EH$ H$bm h¡& O~ H$moB© {ejH$ Bg H$bm H$mo àmßV H$a boVm
h¡, Vmo ¶h H$m¶© CgHo$ {bE gwJ‘ Ed§ ào‘nyU© hmo OmVm h¡& Bg àH$ma A{YJ‘
^r EH$ H$bm h¡& ¶{X H$moB© BgHo$ {bE ào‘ CËnÝZ H$a boVm h¡, Vmo A{YJ‘
H$s à{H«$¶m CgHo$ {bE Z Ho$db CËgmhnyU© hmo OmVr h¡, ~pëH$ ê${MàX ^r
hmo OmVr h¡&
1.14 {ejU Ed§ A{YJ‘ ‘| AÝVa
{ejU Ed§ A{YJ‘ Xmo {^ÝZ-{^ÝZ YmaUmE± h¢& Cnamo³V g‘mZmVmAm| Ho$
A{V[a³V BZ‘| {ZåZ[b{IV Ag‘mÝVmE± X¥pîQ>JV hmoVr h¡-
1. gmYmaU ê$n go {ejH$ H$s {H«$¶mAm| H$mo {ejU Ed§ {dÚm{W©¶m| H$s
{H«$¶mAm| H$mo A{YJ‘ H$hm OmVm h¡&
2. {ejU EH$ gm‘m{OH$ H$m¶© h¡ O~{H$ A{YJ‘, EH$ ì¶p³VJV H$m¶©
h¡& A{YJ‘ ‘| {ejmWu H$s àmW{‘H$Vm EH$ Ho$ÝÐr¶ {~ÝXþ h¡&
3. {ejU EH$ H$m¶© Ho$pÝÐV à{H«$¶m h¡, O~{H$ A{YJ‘ EH$ àm{á-
Ho$pÝÐV {H«$¶m h¢& {ejU {H«$¶mAm| H$s EH$ àUmbr h¡, {OgH$m
n[aUm‘ A{YJ‘ hmoVm h¡&
4. {ejU {H«$¶mAm| Ho$ EH$ ZoQ>dH©$ (Omb) H$m à¶moJ H$aVm h¡ O¡go {H$
^mfU, àXe©Zr, {ZX}eZ Am{X, Omo AÝV{H«©$¶mË‘H$ à{H«$¶m H$m ê$n
àXmZ H$aVm h¡& Xÿgar Amoa A{YJ‘ EH$ EH$mH$s H$m¶© h¡ AWm©V²
EH$mH$s d¡¶p³VH$ {H«$¶m&
5. {ejU ñdVÝÌ à{H«$¶m Zht h¡, O~{H$ A{YJ‘ EH$ ñdVÝÌ à{H«$¶m
h¡& ~oeH$ H$B© ~ma {ejm ^r ñdVÝÌ à{H«$¶m Zht hmoVr&
6. {ejU Ed§ A{YJ‘ Am¡nMm[aH$ Ed§ AZm¡nMm[aH$ àH$ma Ho$ hmo gH$Vo
h¢, {H$ÝVw {ejU {deofV… Am¡nMm[aH$ à{H«$¶m hmoVr h¡ VWm A{YJ‘
AZm¡nMm[aH$ hmoVm h¡&
7. {ejU EH$ gOrd à{H«$¶m h¡, Bggo g§Mma ì¶dñWm à~b hmoVr h¡&
A{YJ‘ ‘| g§Mma H$m¡ebm| H$m à¶moJ Zht {H$¶m OmVm&
8. {ejU à{H«$¶m ‘| {ejH$ Ed§ {ejmWu, XmoZm| Ho$ ì¶dhma ‘| n[adV©Z
{H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡, {H$ÝVw A{YJ‘ à{H«$¶m ‘|, Ho$db {ejmWu Ho$
ì¶dhma ‘| hr n[adV©Z {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡&
9. {ejU EH$ njr¶ à{H«$¶m Zht h¡, {H$ÝVw A{YJ‘ EH$ njr¶ hmo
gH$Vm h¡& {ejU ‘| {ejH$ Ed§ {dÚm{W©¶m| ‘| AÝV{H«©$¶m hmoVr h¡,
O~{H$ A{YJ‘ nyU©V… AÝV{H«©$¶m go a{hV EH$ njr¶ {H«$¶m hmo
gH$Vr h¡&
10. gånyU© {ejU A{YJ‘ Zht h¡& ¶h A{Zdm¶© Zht {H$ H$moB© ^r {ejU
H$m¶©, {H$gr Z {H$gr àH$ma Ho$ A{YJ‘ ‘| g‘má hmo& h‘ AZw^dm|,
ñdmܶm¶, ñd{ejm Am{X Ûmam ^r {ejm àmá H$a gH$Vo h¢&
BZ Ag‘mZVmAm| H$mo XoIVo hþE pñ‘W Zo H$hm Wm-
¶h A{Zdm¶© Zht {H$ A{YJ‘, {ejU Ûmam hr CËnÝZ hmo, ³¶m|{H$ {ejU EH$ dñVw
h¡ Ed§ A{YJ‘ Bggo nyU©V… {^ÝZ dñVw h¡&
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
n¥îR> 284 {ejU A{YJ‘ H$s ‘yb à{H«$¶mE±
1.15 {ejU A{YJ‘ à{H«$¶m H$s Amdí¶H$Vm/
‘hÎd
~Q>©Z Ho$ AZwgma, {ejU A{YJ‘ à{H«$¶m H$s Amdí¶H$Vm {ZåZm§{H$V H$maUmo§
Ho$ n[aUm‘ñdê$n h¡-
1. {ejU V^r à^mdembr hmo gH$Vm h¡, O~ Bgo A{YJ‘ H$s à{H«$¶m
go gå~pÝYV H$aVo h¢&
2. {ejU bú¶ àYmZ à{H«$¶m h¡& Bgr H$maU CÔoí¶m| H$mo ì¶mdhm[aH$
ê$n go {ZYm©[aV H$aHo$, {ejU H$s Eogr {H«$¶mAm| H$s ì¶dñWm H$s
Om gH$Vr h¡, Omo gå^m{dV ì¶dhma n[adV©Z CËnÝZ H$aZo ‘|
g’$b hmo gHo$& gå^m{dV ì¶dhma n[adV©Z hr A{YJ‘ h¡&
3. {ejU {gÕmÝVm| H$m à{VnmXZ, A{YJ‘ {gÕmÝVm| H$s ghm¶Vm Ûmam
{H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡&
4. {ejU Ho$ CÔoí¶ V~ VH$ nyU© Zht hmo gH$Vo, O~ VH$ CÝh| A{YJ‘
H$s n[apñW{V¶m| go gå~pÝYV Z {H$¶m OmE&
5. A{YJ‘ H$s Hw$N> Cn¶w³V pñW{V¶m| H$mo CËnÝZ H$aZo Ho$ {bE h‘|
{ejU ghm¶H$ gm‘J«r H$m {Z‘m©U Ed§ à¶moJ H$aZm hmoJm&
6. AZwHy$b Ed§ à^mdembr {ejU Ho$ {bE, Cn¶w³V A{YJ‘ H$s
pñW{V Ed§ AdñWm H$mo CËnÝZ H$aZm Mm{hE&
7. gå~ÝYm| Ho$ kmZ ‘| EH$ {ZnwU {ejU Ho$ {bE EopÀN>H$ àd¥{Îm Ho$
{ejH$m| H$mo à{ejU àXmZ H$a d¡go hr {ejH$ V¡¶ma {H$E Om gH$Vo
h¢&
8. XmoZm| Ho$ gå~ÝYm| H$s YmaUm {ejm Ho$ {gÕmÝVm|, bú¶m| Ed§ CÔoí¶m|
H$mo C{MV n[aàoú¶ ‘| g‘PZo ‘| ghm¶H$ hmoJr&
9. A{YJ‘ AZw^d ‘| {ejmWu H$m Ho$ÝÐr¶ ñWmZ hmoVm h¡& Bgr H$maU
{ejU Ûmam {ejmWu H$s àH¥${V H$mo ܶmZ ‘| aIZm Amdí¶H$ h¡&
10. A{YJ‘ {gÕmÝVm| go ñnîQ> hmoVm h¡ {H$ ~w{Õ ¶m ¶mo½¶Vm Am{X Ho$
gå~ÝY ‘| d¡¶p³VH$ {^ÝZVmAm| H$m ApñVËd hmoVm h¡& Bgr H$maU
{d{eîQ> ~ÀMm| H$s XoI^mb Ho$ {bE {deof ܶmZ XoZo H$s Amdí¶H$Vm
hmoVr h¡&
11. {ejm Ho$ A{YH$m§e {gÕmÝVm| ‘| A{^àoaUm H$mo ‘hÎdnyU© ñWmZ àmá
h¡& A{^àoaUm H$mo Mma H$maH$ à^m{dV H$aVo h¢- OmJ¥{V, gå^mdZm,
CËgmh Ed§ AZwemgZ, ¶o H$maH$ nañna A§Vg©å~pÝYV Ed§ A§V…
{Z^©a h¡& {ejH$ H$mo nwañH$ma Ed§ XÊS> H$m à¶moJ {dÚm{W©¶m| Ho$
ì¶dhma H$mo {Z¶pÝÌV H$aZo Ho$ {bE {H$¶m OmZm Mm{hE&
12. {ejU A{YJ‘ à{H«$¶m H$m kmZ godmH$mbrZ Ed§ nyd© godmH$mbrZ
XmoZm| àH$ma Ho$ {ejH$m| Ho$ {bE A˶ÝV bm^Xm¶H$ h¡& N>mÌ-{ejH$m|
H$mo BgH$s Amdí¶H$Vm nmR²>¶-{~ÝXþAm| H$s V¡¶mar Ho$ {bE hmoVr
h¡& godmH$mbrZ {ejH$ {ejU {H«$¶mAm| H$m {Z¶moOZ H$aVm h¡, Omo
C{MV A{YJ‘ n[apñW{V¶m| H$m {Z‘m©U H$aHo$, e¡{jH$ CÔoí¶m| H$s
àm{á ‘| ghm¶H$ hmoVr h¡&
13. A{YJ‘ Ho$ ñWmZmÝVaU H$mo AZw^dm| Ho$ gmYmaUrH$aU Ed§ EH$
g‘mZ H$maH$m| Ho$ {gÕmÝVm| H$mo à¶moJ H$aHo$ emo{YV {H$¶m Om
gH$Vm h¡&
14. {ejU A{YJ‘ à{H«$¶m gånyU© {ejU Ed§ A{YJ‘ ‘| Ho$ÝÐr¶ VÎd h¡&
àJʶ
¶h n[adV©Z CËnÝZ H$aZo dmbr à{H«$¶m h¡, {OgHo$ Ûmam Amdí¶H
A{YJ‘ H$mo àmá {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡& Bg‘| {ejH$ Ed§ {dÚmWu
Ho$ à¶ËZ gpå‘{bV h¢ Ed§ à{H«$¶m Ho$ n[aUm‘ñdê$n {dÚmWu Ho$
ì¶dhma ‘| n[adV©Z CËnÝZ hmoVm h¡&
EH$ {ejU A{YJ‘ à{H«$¶m Adí¶ à^mdembr Ed§ {ZnwU hmoZr Mm{hE&
{ejU à^mderbVm H$s YmaUm, {dÚm{W©¶m| H$s àm{á¶m| go gå~pÝYV h¡&
à^mderbVm H$m AW© h¡- nyd© {ZYm©[aV n[aUm‘m| H$s àm{á& ¶h g‘¶, 춶
Ed§ à¶ËZm| O¡go H$maH$m| H$s AdhobZm H$aHo$ Amdí¶H$ A{YJ‘ H$mo {Z{‘©V
H$aVm h¡& Bg à{H«$¶m H$mo ‘yë¶-à^mderbVm Am{X Ho$ {bE ñWm{nV H$aZm
Amdí¶H$ h¡&
1.16 {ejU A{YJ‘ à{H«$¶m H$mo à^m{dV H$aZo
dmbo H$maH$
EZ. Eb. JoO H$m {dídmg h¡ {H$ {ejm ‘Zmo{dkmZ H$m Ho$ÝÐ {~ÝXþ {ejU hmoZm
Mm{hE, O~{H$ {ejm ‘Zmo{dkmZ H$m Ho$ÝÐ {~ÝXþ A{YJ‘ hmoVm h¡& {ejU ‘|
‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ H$maH$m| H$m à¶moJ {H$¶m OmVm h¡, {Oggo N>mÌm| ‘| Ano{jV ì¶dhma
n[adV©Z {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡& JoO Zo ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ H$maH$m| H$mo VrZ àH$ma H$m
~Vbm¶m h¡-
1. ì¶dhma n[adV©Z H$aZo dmbo H$maH$
2. A{YJ‘ n[apñW{V¶m± (H$maH$ Ho$ ê$n ‘|)
3. kmZmˑH$ H$maH$
1. ì¶dhma n[adV©Z H$aZo dmbo H$maH$
ì¶dhma n[adV©Z ‘| ‘Zmo{dkmZ H$s ep³V¶m| ‘| A{^àoaUm H$m {deof ‘hÎd h¡&
A{^àoaUm Ho$ {~Zm H$moB© A[YJ‘ Zht hmo gH$Vm& AV… {ejU ‘| A{^àoaUm
H$s ì¶dñWm H$aZm {ZVmÝV Amdí¶H$ hmoVm h¡& A{^àoaUm AmÝV[aH$ ep³V
hmoVr h¡, Omo N>mÌm| Ho$ ì¶dhmam| Ho$ {b¶o ep³V àXmZ H$aVr h¡ Am¡a CZH$s
AZw{H«$¶mAm| H$mo Vrd« H$aVr h¡& à^mdembr H$jm-{ejU g‘w{MV A{^àoaUmAm|
Ho$ à¶w³V H$aZo na {Z^©a hmoVm h¡& A{^àoaUm H$m ê$n ~mø VWm AmÝV[aH$
XmoZm| hr hmoVm h¡& N>moQ>o ~mbH$m| Ho$ {b¶o ~mø A{^àoaUm, {H$emoam| Ho$ {b¶o
~mø Ed§ AmÝV[aH$ XmoZm| VWm àm¡‹T> N>mÌm| Ho$ {bE AmÝV[aH$ àoaUm A{YH$
à^mdembr hmoVr h¢& ì¶dhma n[adV©Z ‘| dmVmdaU H$mo A[YH$ ‘hÎd {X¶m
OmVm h¡& {ejU H$mo {H«$¶mAm| Ûmam Eogm dmVmdaU CËnÝZ H$aZm Mm{h¶o {Oggo
N>mÌ Ano{jV AZw{H«$¶mE± H$a gHo$&
‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ AmÝV[aH$ A{^àoaUm H$mo A{YH$ ‘hÎdnyU© ‘mZVo h¢,
³¶m|{H$ BZHo$ Ûmam ì¶dhma-n[adV©Z ñWm¶r hmoVm h¡& {ejU ‘| N>mÌm| Ho$ H$m¶m]
H$s àe§gm H$aZm, AÀN>o H$m¶m] Ho$ {b¶o nm[aVmo{fH$ XoZm, narjm ‘| g’$bVm
àmá H$aZm, N>mÌm| Ho$ J¥h-H$m¶m] H$m A§H$Z H$aZm AWdm J«oS> XoZm Am{X {H«$¶mE±
N>mÌm| Ho$ ì¶dhma n[adV©Z ‘| ghm¶H$ hmoVr h¡& àm¡‹T> N>mÌm| Ho$ AmH$m§jm ñVa H$mo
D±$Mm H$aZo go CZH$s {Zîn[Îm¶m| ‘| d¥{Õ hmoVr h¡& AmH$m§jm ñVa A{^àoaUm H$m
H$m¶© H$aVm h¡& Aܶ¶Z H$m¶© ‘| A{YH$ bJZ hmo OmVr h¡&
AZwXoeZ H$s ZdrZ Amì¶yh H$s à‘wI {deofVm ¶h h¡ {H$ do N>mÌm| H$s
AZw{H«$¶mAm| H$mo nwZ~©bZ àXmZ H$aVr h¢, CZH$s AZw{H«$¶m H$mo Vrd« H$aVr h¡
àJʶ {ejU A{YJ‘ H$s ‘yb à{H«$¶mE±
Am¡a Ano{jV ì¶dhma n[adV©Z ‘| ghm¶H$ hmoVr h¡&
2. A{YJ‘ n[apñW{V¶m± (H$maH$ Ho$ ê$n ‘|)
{~{b¶‘ EM. ~Q©>Z VWm EZ. Eb. JoO H$m ‘V h¡ {H$ H$moB© ^r A{YJ‘
H$m {gÕmÝV AnZo ‘| nyU© Zht h¡, Omo A{YJ‘ H$s ì¶mnH$ ì¶m»¶m H$aVm
hmo, ³¶m|{H$ A[YJ‘ {gÕmÝV H$s Anojm CgHo$ à¶moJ H$s n[apñW{V A{YH$
‘hÎdnyU© h¡& {ejU ‘| A[YJ‘ {gÕmÝV CVZo Cn¶moJr {gÕ Zht hmo gHo$,
{OVZr H$s A{YJ‘ n[apñW{V¶m± g’$b ahr h¡& JoZo Zo AnZr nwñVH$ ‘| AmR>
A{YJ‘ H$s n[apñW{V¶m| H$m CëboI {H$¶m h¡& {ejU H$s ¶wp³V¶m| Ho$ à¶moJ
H$s ÑpîQ> go AmB©. Ho$. S>odrO Zo nm±M A{YJ‘ n[apñW{V¶m| H$mo ‘hÎd {X¶m h¡&
{ejU {H«$¶mAm| H$m bú¶ g‘w{MV A{YJ‘ n[apñW{V¶m± CËnÝZ
H$aZm h¡& ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| Zo A{YJ‘ {gÕmÝVm| Ho$ à{VnmXZ Ho$ {b¶o {d{eîQ>
n[apñW{V¶m± CËnÝZ H$s h¢& {ejU H$s {H«$¶m H$m gå~ÝY A{YJ‘ Ho$ ñdê$nm|
go K{ZîR> ê$n ‘| hmoVm h¡& A{YJ‘ n[apñW{V¶m± N>mÌm| Ho$ ì¶dhma n[adV©Z Ho$
{b¶o CÎmaXm¶r hmoVr h¡&
3. kmZmˑH$ H$maH$
‘mZd ì¶dhma VrZ àH$ma Ho$ hmoVo h¢- kmZmË‘H$, ^mdmË‘H$ VWm {H«$¶mË‘H$&
{ejU H$s g‘ñV à{H«$¶mAm| H$m bú¶ BÝht VrZ njm| H$m A{YH$V‘ {dH$mg
H$aZm h¡& A{YJ‘ Ho$ ^r ¶hr VrZ ê$n ‘mZo OmVo h¢& {ejU ‘| {OZ à{d{Y¶m|
H$m à¶moJ {H$¶m OmVm h¡ dh ^r VrZ hr àH$ma H$s hmoVr h¡-
1. kmZ Ho$ {b¶o nÕ{V¶m±-O¡go ì¶m»¶mZ
2. H$aZo Ho$ {b¶o nÕ{V¶m±-O¡go à¶moJmË‘H$
3. AZw^y{V Ho$ {b¶o nÕ{V¶m±-O¡go ZmQ>H$, Mb{MÌ
Bg àH$ma {ejU ‘| Omo {H«$¶m¶| H$s OmVr h¢ do VrZ àH$ma H$s hmoVr
h¢ {OZH$m gå~ÝY kmZmË‘H$, ^mdmË‘H$ VWm {H«$¶mË‘H$ njm| Ho$ {dH$mg go
hmoVm h¡& kmZmË‘H$ nj Ho$ A{YH$V‘ {dH$mg Ho$ {b¶o ñ‘¥{V ñVa go {MÝVZ
ñVa VH$ Ho$ {ejU H$s ì¶dñWm H$s OmZr Mm{h¶o& {ejU Ho$ {d{^ÝZ ñVam|
Ho$ {ejU go {d{^ÝZ A{YJ‘, n[apñW{V¶m± CËnÝZ H$s OmVr h¢, {OZgo ãby‘
Ho$ kmZ CÔoí¶ go ‘yë¶m§H$Z AWdm g¥OZmË‘H$ CÔoí¶m| VH$ {dH$mg {H$¶m
OmVm h¡&
1.17 {ejU A{YJ‘ à{H«$¶m H$m {ejm ‘|
¶moJXmZ
{ejU A{YJ‘ à{H$¶m AmO {ejU ì¶dgm¶ H$m ‘hÎdnyU© A§J ~Z JB© h¡&
BgH$m ¶moJXmZ Bg àH$ma h¡-
1. ¶h ZdrZ A{YJ‘ na ~b XoVr h¡&
2. {ejm H$mo {Û‘wIr à{H«$¶m H$s AÝV…{H«$¶m Ho$ ê$n ‘| ñdrH$ma H$aVr
h¡&
3. {ejU Ho$ AZoH$ àmê$n {dH${gV hþE h¢&
4. ~mbH$m| Ho$ JwUm| H$m A{YJ‘ ‘| Cn¶moJ {H$¶m OmVm h¡&
5. AZoH$ ZdrZ à˶¶m§o H$m {dH$mg BgHo$ Ûmam hmoVm h¡&
6. {ejU H$s XemAm| ‘| Bg A{^J‘Z Ho$ Ûmam n[adV©Z hwAm h¡&
7. grIZo H$s XemAm| ‘| ^r n[adV©Z Am¶m h¡& A{YJ‘ hoVw n[an³dVm
n¥îR> 285
na ܶmZ {X¶m OmZo bJm h¡&
8. AZoH$ àH$ma Ho$ e¡{jH$ Am[dîH$ma hþE h¢&
9. A{^àoaUm H$s AmÝV[aH$ aMZm, ¶mo½¶Vm VWm CÔrnZ ‘| ^r AÝVa
Am¶m h¡&
10. A{YJ‘ H$s {d{^ÝZ e¡{b¶m± {dH${gV hþB© h¢&
11. {df¶m| Ho$ {ejU ‘| AW© J«hU H$mo ‘hÎd {X¶m OmZo bJm h¡&
12. e¡{jH$ bú¶m| H$mo ñnîQ> ê$n go {ZYm©[aV {H$¶m OmZo bJm h¡&
13. gmW©H$ A{YJ‘ na ~b {X¶m OmZo bJm h¡&
14. ‘mZd H$s kmZ VWm ~m¡{ÕH$ ¶mo½¶Vm VWm j‘Vm H$m {dH$mg {H$¶m
OmZo bJm h¡&
15. {ejm gÝX^© gm‘m{OH$ hmo J¶m h¡&
16. {ejU Xe©Z Ed§ {gÕmÝVm| H$m {Z‘m©U hmoZo bJm h¡&
‘m[ag Eb. {~J Ho$ eãXm| ‘|, {ddoH$nyU© qMVZ Omo ghr {H«$¶mAm| H$mo
OÝ‘ XoJm g§H$ën Ed§ BÀN>mep³V Ho$ ‘yb go AZwàm{UV hmoVm h¡& Omo AܶmnH$
{dMmam| H$s ghr ûm¥§Ibm H$m {Z‘m©U H$aVm h¡, dh ghr AmMaU H$m AZwgaU
H$aVm h¡& AV… {ZX}e H$m dmñV{dH$ H$m¶© kmZ XoZm ‘mÌ Zht h¡, A{nVw
AmÝV[aH$ AZwemgZ ¶m g§H$ën H$mo àñVwV {dMmam| Ho$ AZwgma ‹T>mbZm h¡&
1.18 {ZîH$f©
Cnamo³V {ddoMZ go ¶h ñnîQ> hmoVm h¡ {H$ {ejU Ed§ A{YJ‘ nañna gå~pÝYV
Ed§ AmYm[aV h¡& {ejU à{H«$¶m ‘| {ejH$ Ed§ A{YJ‘ g‘mZ ñVar¶ h¡& {Og
àH$ma H$m {ejU hmoJm Cgr àH$ma A{YJ‘ hmoJm& {ejU A{YJ‘ à{H«$¶m ‘|,
{ejU A{YJ‘ H$m nyaH$ h¡ VWm ¶o EH$ {g³Ho$ Ho$ Xmo nhby h¢, {H$ÝVw BZ XmoZm|
YmaUmAm| H$s Ag‘mZVmAm| go {gÕ hmoVm h¡ {H$ {ejU Ed§ A{YJ‘, Xmo {d{^ÝZ
{H«$¶mE± h¢& {ejU EH$ gm‘m{OH$ {gÕmÝV h¡ Ed§ A{YJ‘ EH$ ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$&
BZH$m {díbofU AZw^m{dH$ Ed§ d¡km{ZH$, XmoZm| ê$nm| ‘| {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡&
XmoZm| Ho$ {bE {^ÝZ-{^ÝZ {gÕmÝV Ed§ {Z¶‘ h¡, {H$ÝVw XmoZm| nmañn[aH$
{gÕmÝVm| na AmYm[aV h¢& ¶hr XmoZm| H$s {dS>å~Zm h¡& A{YJ‘, {ejU Ho$
{gÕmÝVm| H$s ghm¶Vm àmá H$aVm h¡& XmoZm| nañna ~moY ‘| ghm¶H$ h¡&
Bg àH$ma, Cnamo³V {ddoMZm Ho$ níMmV² ¶h {ZîH$f© {ZH$mbm Om gH$Vm
h¡ {H$ ¶Ú{n {ejU Ed§ A{YJ‘ ‘| Hw$N> g‘mZVmE± VWm Hw$N> Ag‘mZVmE± h¢,
VWm{n ¶o XmoZm| à{H«$¶mE± nmañn[aH$ ê$n go nyU©V… gå~pÝYV h¢&
*******
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$
H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU
àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr
h¡ {H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s
PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ>
www.praganya.org
go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&

n¥îR> 286 {ejU A{YJ‘ H$s ‘yb à{H«$¶mE± àJʶ

Aä¶mgmW© àíZ 10. {ejU à{H«$¶m ‘| Mam| H$s g§»¶m h¡-

(1) Mma (2) Xmo
(3) Xg (4) VrZ

11. [ejU H$m nhbm MaU h¡-

1. {dÚmb¶r ñVa na {ejU go VmËn¶© h¡-
(1) nhbo go ¶moOZm ~ZmZm
(1) nmR²>¶-nwñVH$m| ‘| Xr JB© gyMZmE± àXmZ H$aZm
(2) nmR²>¶-gm‘J«r H$mo gwg§J{R>V H$aZm
(2) àíZ nyN>Zm Ed§ narjm boZm
(3) {dÚm{W©¶m| Ho$ ~¡H$J«mCÊS> H$mo OmZZm
(3) AÀN>o A§H$m| Ho$ gmW narjm ‘| nmg hmoZo Ho$ {bE N>mÌm| H$mo V¡¶ma H$aZm
(4) H$moB© Zht
(4) CZHo$ Mhþ±‘wIr {dH$mg H$o {bE CZH$s à{V^mAm| H$mo {dH${gV H$aZm
12. AmnH$m ì¶p³VJV {ejU go ³¶m A{^àm¶ h¡?
2. {ejU H$m gÎmmdmXr ñVa h¡-
(1) ~mbH$m| H$mo àmBdoQ> Q²>¶yeZ XoZm
(1) {ejH$ Ho$pÝÐV (2) N>mÌ Ho$pÝÐV
(2) ~mbH$m| H$mo CZH$s ¶mo½¶Vm Ho$ H«$‘ ‘o§ n‹T>mZm
(3) àYmZmܶmnH$ Ho$pÝÐV (4) AZwämd Ho$pÝÐV
(3) ~mbH$m| H$mo EH$-EH$ H$aHo$ n‹T>mZm
3. à^mdr {ejU-à{H«$¶m ‘o§ g~go ‘hÎdnyU© H$maH$ h¡- (4) Cn¶w©³V ‘| go H$moB© Zht
(1) {ejH$ Ed§ {dÚm{W©¶m| Ûmam àX{e©V g‘¶ H$s nm~ÝXr
13. EH$ {ejH$ H$m àW‘ H$Îm©ì¶ h¡-
(2) {ejH$ Ûmam {df¶ na A{YH$ma
(1) {dÚmb¶ H$m [dH$mg (2) amîQ´> H$m {dH$mg
(3) {ejH$-{dÚmWu g§dmX
(3) ñd¶§ H$m {dH$mg (4) ~mbH$ H$m {dH$mg
(4) nmR²>¶H«$‘m| H$m g‘¶ na nyU© hmoZm

4. AmO {ejU h¡, EH$- 14. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go ........... Ho$ A{V[a³V g^r Ho$ H$maU A{YJ‘
(1) gå‘mZZr¶ ì¶dgm¶ (2) MwZm¡VrnyU© ì¶dgm¶ Aj‘Vm CËnÝZ hmo gH$Vr h¡&
(3) Amam‘Xm¶H$ ì¶dgm¶ (4) AmgmZ ì¶dgm¶ (1) {ejH$ H$s {ejU-e¡br
(2) OÝ‘ go nhbo ‘m± Ûmam ‘{Xam-godZ
5. à^mdr {ejU à{H«$¶m H$m ݶyZV‘ gå~ÝY hmoVm h¡- (3) ‘ÝX~w{ÕVm
(1) aQ>ÝV {dÚm go (2) J¥hH$m¶© go (4) e¡edH$mb Ho$ g‘¶ {X‘mJr ~wIma
(3) g‘yyh-MMm© go (4) g‘ñ¶m-g‘mYmZ go
15. JoO Ho$ AZwgma, [ejU H$s à{H«$¶m ‘w»¶V¶m h¡-
6. H$jm {ejU H$mo à^mdr ~ZmZo hoVw A˶mdí¶H$ h¡- (1) gm‘m{OH$ (2) emar[aH$
(1) X¡{ZH$ nmR> ¶moOZm (2) BH$mB© ¶moOZm (3) {díbofUmË‘H$ (4) ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$
(3) g§ñWmJV ¶moOZm (4) Ì¡‘m{gH$ ¶moOZm
16. à^mdr {ejU Ho$ {bE gdm©{YH$ Amdí¶H$ h¡-
7. {ejU-A{YJ‘ Ho$ ‘ܶ gå~ÝY h¡- (1) ì¶p³V H$m ì¶p³VËd (2) CgH$s A{^ì¶p³V j‘Vm
(1) {ejU gmoÔoí¶ à{H«$¶m h¡, Omo Ano{jV A{YJ‘ VH$ nhþ±MmVr h¡& (3) CgH$m kmZ (4) CgH$m g‘n©U
(2) {ejU d A[YJ‘ Ho$ ¶moJ go à^mdr {ejm H$m {dH$mg hmoVm h¡&
(3) {ejU {gÕmÝVm| Ho$ {dH$mg ‘| A[YJ‘ {gÕmÝVm§o H$m A˶{YH$ ‘hÎd h¡& 17. EH$ CÎm‘ {ejU H$s {deofVm h¡-
(4) Cn¶w©³V g^r (1) àOmVm{ÝÌH$ AmXem] Ho$ à{V AZwHy$bZ
(2) Ano{jV gyMZmAm| H$m AmXmZ-àXmZ H$aZm
8. EH$ {ejH$ H$m {ejU gdm©{YH$ à^mdr hmoJm- (3) {ZX}emË‘H$Vm
(1) Jm±d ¶m H$ñ~m| ‘§o (2) eham| ‘| (4) Cn¶w©³V g^r
(3) H$ht ^r (4) AnZo joÌ ‘|
18. EH$ ge³V {dÚmb¶ AnZo {ejH$m| ‘| {ZåZ{b{IV ¶mo½¶VmAmo ‘| go
9. {eúmU EH$ gå~ÝY h¡, Omo {dÚmWu Ho$ {dH$mg ‘| ghm¶Vm XoVm h¡& {H$go gdm©{YH$ ~‹T>mdm XoJm?
¶h n[a^mfm h¡- (1) à{VñnYm©Ë‘H$ A{^d¥{Îm (2) narjU H$aZo H$s àd¥{Îm
(1) EZ. Eb. JoO H$s (2) am¶~Z© H$s (3) ñ‘¥{V (4) AZwem{gV ñd^md
(3) ³bmH©$ H$s (4) ~y«~oH$a H$s
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18.
(4) (1) (4) (2) (1) (1) (4) (4) (2) (4) (1) (2) (4) (1) (3) (3) (4) (1)
àJʶ {ejU A{YJ‘ H$s ‘yb à{H«$¶mE± n¥îR> 287

19. {ejU A{YJ‘ Ho$ AÝVJ©V {ejH$ H$m à‘wI H$m¶© h¡- 26. {ejU [H«$¶m V~ VH$ AnZo CÔoí¶ ‘o§ g’$b Zhr§ hmo gH$Vr, O~
(1) ~mbH H$mo grIZo Ho$ {bE A{^ào[aV H$aZm VH$ N>mÌ-
(2) ~mbH$ H$mo n‹T>mZm (1) AZwem{gV Z hmo (2) {ZîR>mdmZ Z hmo
(3) ~mbH$ H$mo IobZo go amoH$H$a Cgo Aܶ¶Z ‘| bJmZm (3) BgHo$ {bE BÀNw>H$ Z hmo (4) AÝdofr Z hmo
(4) ~mbH$ H$mo Ho$db nmR²>¶-nwñVH$ go n‹T>Zo Ho$ {bE ào[aV H$aZm
27. EH$ {ejH$ H$mo AnZo {dÚm{W©¶m§o H$s j‘VmAm| H$mo g‘PZo H$m à¶mg
20. {ZåZ ‘| go H$m¡Z [ejU-A{YJ‘ H$m ñVa Zht h¡? H$aZm Mm{hE& {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgm joÌ Bg CÔoí¶ Ho$ gmW
(1) {d^oXrH$aU ñVa (2) ñ‘¥{V ñVa gå~Õ h¡?
(3) {MÝVZerb ñVa (4) g‘P ñVa (1) {ejm g‘mOemñÌ (2) gm‘m{OH$ Xe©Z
(3) ‘r{S>¶m ‘Zmo{dkmZ (4) {ejm ‘Zmo{dkmZ
21. {ejU à{H«$¶m H$s à‘wI VrZ àmdñWmAm| ‘| go {H$g àmdñWm ‘| {ejU
H$m¶© gånm{XV {H$¶m OmVm h¡? 28. ~ÀMo Ho$ {dH$mg Ho$ {gÕmÝVm| H$mo g‘PZm {ejH$ H$s ghm¶Vm H$aVm h¡-
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg
(1) {H«$¶mníM àmdñWm nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m (1) {ejmWu H$s Am{W©H$ n¥îR>^y{‘ H$mo nhMmZZo ‘|
(2) A§V…{H«$¶m àmdñWm h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
(2) {ejm{W©¶m| H$mo ³¶m n‹T>mZm Mm{hE? ¶h Am¡{M˶ ñWm{nV H$aZo ‘|
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ>
(3) {H«$¶m nyd© àmdñWm www.praganya.org (3) {ejm{W©¶m| H$s {^ÝZ A{YJ‘-e¡{b¶m| H$mo à^mdr ê$n ‘| gå~mo{YV H$aZo ‘|
(4) BZ‘| go H$moB© Zht na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF
S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢& (4) {ejmWu Ho$ gm‘m{OH$ ñVa H$mo nhMmZZo ‘|
22. AÝVanaH$ AZwXoeZ h¡- 29. EH$ {ejH$ Ûmam ~ÀMm| H$mo {gImVo g‘¶ {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go {H$g na
(1) {ejm{W©¶m| H$s Amdí¶H$VmAm§o H$mo nyam H$aZo Ho$ {bE g‘yhrH$aU Ho$ ܶmZ XoZm Mm{hE?
{d{dY ê$nm| H$m à¶moJ H$aZm 1. H$jm Ho$ àH$ma
(2) H$jm ‘| à˶oH$ {ejmWu Ho$ {bE Hw$N> AbJ H$aZm 2. {ejU nÕ{V Ed§ {ZX}eZ
(3) Aì¶dpñWV AWdm ñdÀN>ÝX {ejmWu J{V{d{Y¶m± 3. ~mbH$m| Ho$ dJuH$aU na
(4) Eogo g‘yhm| H$m à¶moJ Omo H$^r Zht ~XbVo (1) Ho$db 1 (2) 1 Ed§ 2
(3) 2 Ed§ 3 (4) ¶o g^r
23. {ejU H$mo Amn ‘mZVo h¢-
(1) EH$ AÝV… à{H«$¶m 30. ........... n[apñW{V¶m| Ho$ AÝVJ©V do n[apñW{V¶m± AmVr h¢, {OZHo$
(2) grIZo ‘| ghm¶H$ à{H«$¶m Ûmam N>mÌ .......... H$a ZdrZ kmZ, H$m¡eb VWm A{^d¥[Îm A{O©V
(3) EH$ n[an³d Ed§ Xÿgao An[an³d ì¶p³V Ho$ ‘ܶ gå~ÝY
H$aVm h¡&
(4) Cn¶w©³V g^r
(1) {ejU; à¶moJ (2) {ejU; AÝV…{H«$¶m
24. J{V{d{Y AmYm[aV {ejU ............ na ~b XoVm h¡& (3) A{YJ‘; AÝV…{H«$¶m (4) A{YJ‘; à¶moJ
(1) AZwem{gV H$jm
31. {ejU A{YJ‘ à{H«$¶m ‘| A{YJ‘H$Vm© go gå~pÝYV {ZåZ{b{IV ‘|
(2) gw{ZpíMV g‘¶-Ad{Y ‘| J{V{d{Y nyar H$aZo
go {H$g {gÕmÝV H$m nmbZ {H$¶m OmVm h¡?
(3) g^r {dÚm{W©¶m| Ûmam g{H«$¶ ^mJrXm[aVm
1. ì¶p³VJV {d{^ÝZVm H$m {gÕmÝV
(4) J{V{d{Y Ho$ g‘má hmooZo Ho$ ~mX narjm boZo
2. N>mÌ Ho$pÝÐVm H$m {gÕmÝV
25. EH$ {e{jH$m AnZo-Amn go H$^r àíZm| Ho$ CÎma Zht XoVr& dh 3. g{H«$¶ gh¶moJ H$m {gÕmÝV
AnZo {dÚm{W©¶m§o H$mo CÎma XoZo Ho$ {bE g‘yh MMm©E± Am¡a gh¶moJmË‘H$ (1) Ho$db 1 (2) Ho$db 2
A{YJ‘ AnZmZo Ho$ {bE àmoËgm{hV H$aVr h¡& ¶h CnmJ‘ .......... Ho$ (3) Ho$db 3 (4) Cnamo³V g^r
{gÕmÝV na AmYm[aV h¡& 32. {ejH$ H$s g~go ‘w»¶ {Oå‘oXmar h¡-
(1) g{H«$¶ ^mJrXm[aVm (1) nmR>-¶moOZm V¡¶ma H$aZm Am¡a CgHo$ AZwgma n‹T>mZm
(2) AZwXoemË‘H$ gm‘J«r Ho$ C{MV g§JR>Z (2) ¶Wmgå^d {H«$¶mH$bmnm| H$m Am¶moOZ H$aZm
(3) AÀN>m CXmhaU àñVwV H$aZm Am¡a ^y{‘H$m-à{Vê$n ~ZZm (3) H$R>moa AZwemgZ ~ZmE aIZm
(4) grIZo H$s VËnaVm (4) {dÚm{W©¶m| H$s {d{^ÝZ A{YJ‘ e¡{b¶m| Ho$ AZwgma grIZo Ho$ ‘m¡Ho$
CnbãY H$amZm
19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32.
(1) (1) (2) (1) (4) (3) (1) (3) (4) (3) (4) (3) (4) (4)
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&

n¥îR> 288 {ejU A{YJ‘ H$s ‘yb à{H«$¶mE± àJʶ

33. AܶmnZ H$m ‘w»¶ CÔoí¶ {dÚmWu Ho$ .......... H$mo C{MV {Xem ‘| (1) Zm¡H$ar {‘b OmEJr& (2) à‘mU-nÌ {‘b OmEJm&
à^m{dV H$aZm AWm©V CgHo$ .......... H$mo C{MV {Xem ‘| à^mdr (3) gm§gm[aH$ kmZ ~‹T>oJm& (4) {ejU H$s ¶mo½¶Vm ~‹T>oJr&
~ZmZm hmoVm h¡&
43. {ejU H$s {ZåZ{b{IV VH$ZrH$m§o ‘| go {H$g‘| ‘yb àmd¥{ÎmH$-A{^àoaU
(1) ì¶p³VËd; kmZ (2) ì¶dhma; A{YJ‘
(3) ì¶p³VËd; narjm’$b (4) ì¶dhma; {dÚmb¶ H$m JwU nm¶m OmVm h¡?
(1) H$WZ-VH$ZrH$
34. A[^H«${‘V AZwXoeZ H$m OÝ‘ ‘mZm OmVm h¡- (2) N>mÌm| go Aݶmoݶ{H«$¶m
(1) Am°naoÝQ> H$ÝS>reqZJ go (2) ³bmgrH$b H$ÝS>reqZJ go (3) N>mÌm| H$mo H$aHo$ grIZo Ho$ {bE H$hZm
(3) CÔrnZ AZw{H«$¶m A{YJ‘ go (4) 2 Ed§ 3 go (4) Iob-nÕ{V

35. A{YJ‘ H$s à{H$¶m ‘| {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgr {deofVm hmoVr h¡? 44. {ZåZ ‘| go H$m¡Z AmË‘ AZwXoeZ nXmW© H$m CXmhaU h¡?
(1) ì¶dhma ‘| n[adV©Z (2) n[an³dZ go Zht (1) A{^H«${‘V AZwXoeZ (2) H$å߶yQ>a ghm¶r AZwXoeZ
(3) A{O©V (4) Cnamo³V g^r (3) {ejU ‘erZ (4) Cnamo³V g^r

36. {ejH$ H$mo H$jm-{ejU Ho$ Xm¡amZ Bg ~mV H$m nyam ܶmZ aIZm 45. {ZåZ ‘| go AZwXoeZ àm¡Úmo{JH$s H$s {df¶ dñVw Zht h¡-
Mm{hE {H$- (1) A{^H«${‘V AZwXoeZ (2) g‘yh {ejU
(1) N>mÌ àgÝZVmnyd©H$ n‹T>|& (3) CAI/CAL (4) ‘r{S>¶m VWm N>nmB© CXmhaU
(2) H$moB© N>mÌ BYa-CYa ܶmZ Z Xo&
46. A{^H«${‘V AZwXoeZ H$m {dMma gd©àW‘ {X¶m J¶m Wm-
(3) nmR> n‹T>mZo H$m H$m¶© H$mbm§e Ho$ g‘¶ ‘| nyam hmo OmE&
(1) àogr Ûmam (2) pñH$Za Ûmam
(4) Cn¶w©³V g^r
(3) ao‘ÝQ> Ûmam (4) ñH$mCS>a Ûmam
37. d¥hX² H$jm {ejU gå~pÝYV h¡-
47. A{^H«${‘V A{YJ‘ ‘| A{YJ‘H$Vm© Ho$ ì¶dhma H$mo T>mbm OmVm h¡-
(1) ~‹S>o-~‹S>o H$jm H$j go
(1) nwZ~©bZ Ûmam (2) {Z¶ÝÌU Ûmam
(2) {ejH$m| H$s A{YH$Vm go
(3) ûm¥§Ibm {H«$¶m Ûmam (4) Cnamo³V H$moB© Zht
(3) N>mÌm| Ho$ H$‘ hmoZo go
(4) H$jm ‘| {ZYm©[aV N>mÌm| H$s g§»¶m go A{YH$ N>mÌ 48. AܶmnH$ à{ejU Bg ÑpîQ> go Cn¶moJr h¡ {H$ Bggo-
(1) {ejU Ho$ {gÕmÝVm| H$m kmZ {‘bVm h¡&
38. gd©àW‘ gyú‘ AܶmnZ H$m àmaå^ {H$¶m J¶m-
(2) {ejU-H$m¡ebm| H$m ~moY hmoVm h¡&
(1) 1965 ‘| (2) 1942 ‘|
(3) [ejU-à{H«$¶m H$mo EH$ {Xem {‘bVr h¡&
(3) 1967 ‘| (4) 1963 ‘|
(4) àmoÝZ{V Ho$ Adga àmá hmoVo h¢&
39. àíZ H$m¡eb Ho$ D$na g‘ñV e¡j{UH$ {H«$¶m H$s Hw§$Or {Z^©a H$aVr
49. AܶmnH$ à[ejU g§ñWmZm| H$mo H$m¡Zgr g§ñWm ‘mݶVm àXmZ H$aVr
h¡& ¶h n[a^mfm h¡-
h¡?
(1) H$m°b{dZ H$s (2) nmH©$a H$s
(1) EZ.gr.Q>r.B©. (2) EZ.gr.B©.Ama.Q>r.
(3) EboZ H$s (4) p³d{bZ VWm hÝZm H$s
(3) E.AmB.gr.Q>r.B©. (4) Eg.gr.B©.Ama.Q>r.
40. àíZ g~go ~‹S>m CÎmoOH$ h¡ Am¡a ¶h AܶmnH$ H$mo erK« hr CnbãY hmo
50. ñ‘¥{V ñVa Ho$ {ejU ‘| à¶w³V narjU h¡-
OmVm h¡& ¶h H$hm h¡- (1) dñVw{ZîR> narjU (2) {Z~ÝYmË‘H$ narjU
(1) Om°Z S>rdr Zo (2) H$m°b{dZ Zo
(3) ‘m¡{IH$ narjU (4) Cnamo³V VrZm|
(3) Q>r. ao‘ÝQ> Zo (4) Cnamo³V ‘§o go H$moB© Zht
51. ~moY ñVa Ho$ {ejU ‘| à¶w³V narjU h¡-
41. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go AÀN>o àíZm| H$s {deofVm Zht h¡- (1) {ejU ‘| Vm{H©$H$ H«$‘ ~Zm¶o aIZm Mm{h¶o&
(1) ñnîQ>Vm hmoZm (2) {ZpíMVVm Zht hmoZm
(2) N>mÌm| H$mo {Z¶{‘V n¥îR>mnmofU {X¶m OmZm Mm{h¶o&
(3) {d{eîQ>Vm hmoZm (4) gmoÔoí¶ hmoZm
(3) N>mÌm| H$o AmH$m§jm ñVa H$mo ~‹T>mZm Mm{h¶o&
42. AmnH$mo {ejU à{ejU go ³¶m bm^ hmoJm? (4) Cnamo³Ëm g^r

33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51.
(2) (1) (4) (4) (4) (4) (3) (2) (2) (4) (2) (4) (4) (1) (1) (2) (1) (4) (4)
àJʶ {ejU A{YJ‘ H$s ‘yb à{H«$¶mE± n¥îR> 289

52. {ejU aUZr{V ‘| {ZåZ ‘| go {H$g na ~b {X¶m OmVm h¡? 58. AܶmnH$ ~ZZo Ho$ {bE Q>rMg© Q´>oqZJ ³¶mo§ Oê$ar h¢?
(1) ‘Zmo{dkmZ Ho$ AZwà¶moJ na (1) Bg H$m‘ Ho$ {bE Bg narjm H$m nmg H$aZm Oê$ar h¡&
(2) àmH¥${VH$ {dkmZ Ho$ AZwà¶moJ na (2) Bg Q´>oqZJ go AܶmnH$ H$mo ‘mݶVm {‘bVr h¡&
(3) àm¡Úmo{JH$s Ho$ AZwà¶moJ na (3) Bg Q´>oqZJ go Cgo H$jm-{ejU Ho$ ‘yb/Amdí¶H$ {gÕmÝVm| H$m kmZ hmo
(4) Cnamo³V g^r OmVm h¡&
(4) Bg Q´>oqZJ go AܶmnH$ H$s A{^ê${M H$m nVm bJVm h¡&
53. godm-H$mbrZ {ejH$ à{ejU$ H$m CÔoí¶ h¡-
(1) {ejH$m| H$m ~m¡{ÕH$ {dH$mg 59. H$WZ AZwXoeZ H$m à¶moJ Ho$db kmZmË‘H$ CÔoí¶m| H$s àm{á hoVw
(2) Hw$N> g‘¶ Ho$ {bE H$m¶© ‘wp³V H$aVo h¢&
(3) {ejH$ H$mo VamoVmOm H$aZm H$maU AZwXoeZ ‘| N>mÌm| Ed§ {ejH$m| Ho$ ‘ܶ AÝV…{H«$¶m H$m hmoZm
(4) ZB©-ZB© VH$ZrH$s H$m kmZ H$aZm ~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg Amdí¶H$ Zht&
nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m
Hy$Q>-
54. {ejU AmnHo$ {bE h¡- h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> (1) H$WZ Am¡a H$maU XmoZm| ghr h¢ VWm H$maU, H$WZ H$s ghr ì¶m»¶m h¡&
(1) amoOJma H$m gmYZ www.praganya.org
na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF (2) H$WZ Am¡a H$maU XmoZm| ghr h¢, naÝVw H$maU, H$WZ H$s ghr ì¶m»¶m
(2) g‘mO godm H$m gmYZ S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢& Zht h¡&
(3) AmXa àmá H$aZo H$m gmYZ
(3) H$WZ ghr h¡, {H$ÝVw H$maU JbV h¡&
(4) AmË‘-gÝVmof àm{á H$m gmYZ
(4) H$WZ JbV h¡, {H$ÝVw H$maU ghr h¡&
55. {ejU H$s àH¥${V go gå~pÝYV {ZåZ{b{IV H$WZm| ‘| go g˶ H$WZ
60. {ZåZ{b{IV H$WZm| na {dMma H$s{OE-
MwZ|- 1. O~ h‘ AZwXoeZ H$s {H«$¶m ‘| ahVo h¢, V~ h‘ {ejU H$s à{H«$¶m ‘| ^r
1. {ejU H$s àH¥${V H$bmË‘H$ VWm d¡km{ZH$ XmoZm| hr h¡&
bJo ahVo h¢&
2. {ejU {Z¶moOZ VWm ‘yë¶m§H$Z {H«$¶mAm| H$s àH¥${V d¡km{ZH$ A{YH$ h¡&
2. O~ H$^r ^r h‘ {ejU H$a aho hmoVo h¢, V~ h‘ AZwXoeZ ^r XoVo h¢&
3. {ejU H$m à{H«$¶m núm H$bmË‘H$ h¡&
Cnamo³V H$WZm| ‘| H$m¡Zgm/go H$WZ ghr h¡/h¢?
4. {ejH$ AnZo H$m¡eb H$m à¶moJ H$aVm h¡&
(1) Ho$db 1 (2) Ho$db 2
Hy$Q>-
(3) 1 Am¡a 2 (4) Z Vmo 1 Am¡a Z hr 2
(1) 1, 2 Am¡a 3 (2) 3 Am¡a 4
(3) 1, 3 Am¡a 4 (4) ¶o g^r 61. AZwXoeZ H$s ³¶m {deofVm hmoVr h¡?
(1) n[apñW{V Ho$[ÝÐV (2) {df¶-dñVw Ho$pÝÐV
56. {ZåZ{b{IV H$WZmo§ na {dMma H$s{OE-
(3) N>mÌ Ho$pÝÐV (4) {ejH$ Ho$pÝÐV
1. {ejU Am¡a à{ejU EH$ Zht h¢& à{ejU Vmo {ejU H$m hr EH$ A§J
‘mÌ h¡& 62. {ZåZ{b{IV H$WZm| na {dMma H$s{OE-
2. à{ejU ‘| {OVZm A{YH$ go A{YH$ ~w{Õ H$m àXe©Z hmoJm, à{ejU 1. AZwXoeZ gX¡d N>mÌ Ho$pÝÐV hmoVm h¡&
CVZm hr {ejU à{H«$¶m Ho$ {ZH$Q> hmoVm Mbm OmEJm& 2. {ejU Amdí¶H$VmZwgma N>mÌ Ho$pÝÐV, {df¶-dñVw Ho$pÝÐV ¶m {ejH$
Cnamo³V H$WZm| ‘| H$m¡Zgm/go H$WZ ghr h¡/h¢? Ho$pÝÐV hmo gH$Vm h¡&
(1) Ho$db 1 (2) Ho$db 2 Cnamo³V H$WZm| ‘| H$m¡Zgm/go H$WZ ghr h¡/h¢?
(3) 1 Am¡a 2 (4) Z Vmo 1 Am¡a Z hr 2 (1) Ho$db 1 (2) Ho$db 2
(3) 1 Am¡a 2 (4) Z Vmo 1 Am¡a Z hr 2
57. {ZåZ{b{IV H$WZm| na {dMma H$s{OE-
1. à{ejU Ûmam Hw$eb H$marJa n¡Xm {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡& 63. AZwXoeZ go Ame¶ h¡-
2. à[ejU Ûmam ì¶p³V H$mo {ejm Ho$ AmJm‘r CÀM ñVam| na bo Om¶m Om (1) N>mÌm| H$mo gyMZm àXmZ H$aZm (2) ‘Zmoa§OZ àXmZ H$aZm
gH$Vm h¡& (3) {dÚm àXmZ H$aZm (4) BZ‘| go H$moB© Zht
Cnamo³V H$WZm| ‘| H$m¡Zgm/go H$WZ ghr h¡/h¢?
(1) Ho$db 1 (2) Ho$db 2 64. {ZåZ ‘| go H$m¡Z {ejU Hw$ebVm go gå~pÝYV h¡?
(3) 1 Am¡a 2 (4) Z Vmo 1 Am¡a Z hr 2 (1) í¶m‘nÅ> na {bIZm (2) àíZm| H$mo hb H$aZm
(3) àíZ nyN>Zm (4) Cn¶w©³V g^r

52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59. 60. 61. 62. 63. 64.
(4) (4) (4) (4) (3) (1) (3) (1) (1) (2) (3) (1) (4)
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&

n¥îR> 290 {ejU A{YJ‘ H$s ‘yb à{H«$¶mE± àJʶ

65. H$m¡eb H$mo grIZo ‘| nhbr AdñWm hmoVr h¡- (4) Ëd[aV {ejU-Ëd[aV A{YJ‘&
(1) ¶WmW©Vm (2) MmbmH$s
(3) g‘Ýd¶Z (4) AZwH$aU 74. ¶{X {ejmWu nmR> Ho$ Xm¡amZ bJmVma Jb{V¶m± H$aVo h¢, Vmo {ejH$ H$mo-
(1) AZwXoeZ, H$m¶©, g‘¶-gm[aUr AWdm ~¡R>Zo H$s ì¶dñWm ‘| n[adV©Z
66. nwZ~©bZ H$m¡eb H$mo h‘ ³¶m| àñVwV H$aVo h¢? H$aZm Mm{hE&
(1) N>mÌm| Ho$ àmoËgmhZ hoVw (2) {ejU Ho$ AJ«gaU hoVw (2) nmR> H$mo Hw$N> g‘¶ Ho$ {bE N>mo‹S> XoZm Mm{hE Am¡a Hw$N> g‘¶ Ho$ ~mX
(3) A{YJ‘ ê${MH$a ~ZmZo hoVw (4) Cnamo³V g^r dmng OmZm Mm{hE&
(3) Jb{V¶m± H$aZo dmbo {ejm{W©¶m| H$s nhMmZ H$aZr Mm{hE Am¡a Bg ~mao
67. {ejU H$m¡eb H$mo AܶmnH$ à¶w³V H$aVm h¡- ‘| àmMm¶© go ~mV H$aZr Mm{hE&
(1) H$úmm Ho$ AÝXa (2) H$jm Ho$ ~mha (4) Jb{V¶m± H$aZo dmbo {ejm{W©¶m| H$mo H$jm-H$j go ~mha I‹S>m H$a XoZm
(3) XmoZm| ‘| hr (4) H$moB© Zht Mm{hE&
68. {ejU H$m¡ebm| H$s Hw$b g§»¶m h¡- 75. {ZåZ{b{IV H$WZm| na {dMma H$s{OE-
(1) 24 (2) 23 1. {ejU EH$ AÝV…à{H«$¶m h¡, Omo {ejH$ VWm N>mÌm| Ho$ ‘ܶ {deof H$m¶©
(3) 22 (4) 26 Ho$ {bE g§Mm{bV hmoVr h¡&
2. {ejU EH$ gm‘m{OH$ à[H«$¶m h¡, {Ogo ì¶p³V AnZo Or{dH$monmO©Z H$m
69. {ejU H$m¡ebm| Ho$ {dH$mg d gwYma H$s à{d{Y h¡-
gmYZ ~ZmVo h¢, {OÝh| {eúmH$ H$hVo h¢&
(1) AZwH$aUr¶ à[ejU (2) gyú‘ {ejU
Cnamo³V H$WZm| ‘| H$m¡Zgm/go H$WZ ghr h¡/h¢?
(3) à[ejU g‘yh (4) AÝV…{H«$¶m {díbofU
(1) Ho$db 1 (2) Ho$db 2
70. {ejU H$m¡ebm| H$m AW© h¡- (3) 1 Am¡a 2 (4) Z Vmo 1 Am¡a Z hr 2
(1) AZwXoemË‘H$ {H«$¶mE± (2) {ejU {H«$¶mE±
76. {ZåZ[b{IV H$WZm| na {dMma H$s{OE
(3) {ejU ì¶dhma (4) Cnamo³V g^r
1. [ejU EH$ gmoÔoí¶ à{H«$¶m h¡, Omo {H$Ýht {d{eîQ> CÔoí¶m| H$s àm{á Ho$
71. {ejU A{YJ‘ à[H«$¶m ‘| ì¶p³VJV ê$n go ܶmZ XoZm ‘hÎdnyU© h¡, {bE H$s OmVr h¡&
³¶m|{H$- 2. {ejU EH$ {dH$mgmË‘H$ à{H«$¶m h¡, {OgH$o Ûmam ~mbH$m| H$m {dH$mg
(1) ~ÀMm| H$s {dH$mg Xa {^ÝZ hmoVr h¡ Am¡a do {^ÝZ VarH$m| go grI gH$Vo {H$¶m OmVm h¡ Am¡a CZHo$ ì¶dhma ‘| Ano{jV n[adV©Z bm¶m OmVm h¡&
h¢& Cnamo³V H$WZm| ‘| H$m¡Zgm/go H$WZ ghr h¡/h¢?
(2) {ejmWu h‘oem g‘yhm| ‘| hr ~ohVa grIVo h¢& (1) Ho$db 1 (2) Ho$db 2
(3) {ejH$ à{ejU H$m¶©H«$‘m| ‘| Eogm hr ~Vm¶m J¶m h¡& (3) 1 Am¡a 2 (4) Z Vmo 1 Am¡a Z hr 2
(4) Bggo à˶oH$ {ejmWu H$mo AZwem{gV H$aZo Ho$ {bE {ejH$m| H$mo ~ohVa 77. EH$ nr. Q>r. AmB©. {H«$Ho$Q> Ho$ Iob ‘§o AnZo {ejm{W©¶m| Ho$ joÌajU H$mo
Adga {‘bVo h¢&
gwYmaZm MmhVm h¡& {ZåZ ‘| go H$m¡Zgr ¶wp³V {ejm{W©¶m| H$mo AnZm
72. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgm H$WZ {ejU g’$bVm Ho$ {bE gdm©{YH$ bú¶ àmá H$aZo ‘| gdm©{YH$ ghm¶H$ h¡?
A{Zdm¶© h¡? (1) {ejm{W©¶m| H$mo joÌajU H$m ApYH$ Aä¶mg H$admZm
(1) {ejU Ho$ gmW-gmW H$moB© A§eH$m{bH$ H$m¶© {H$¶m OmE, Vm{H$ Am‘XZr (2) {ejm{W©¶m§o H$mo ¶h ~VmZm {H$ joÌajU grIZm CZHo$ {bE {H$g àH$ma
CÎm‘ hmo gHo$& ‘hÎdnyU© h¡&
(2) {ejH$ H$mo {dÚmb¶ ‘| AZoH$ e¡{jH$ gå‘mZ àmá hþE hmo& (3) ~ohVa joÌajU Am¡a g’$bVm H$s Xa Ho$ nrN>o Ho$ VH©$ H$mo ñnîQ> H$aZm&
(3) {ejH$ H$s gm‘m{OH$-Am{W©H$ pñW{V CÎm‘ hmo& (4) joÌajU H$mo àX{e©V H$aZm Am¡a {ejmWu AdbmoH$Z H$a|Jo&
(4) {ejH$ H$m {df¶ kmZ CÎm‘ hmo&
78. {ejU A{YJ‘ à{H«$¶m H$s ÑpîQ> go EH$ AÀN>m {ejH$ dh h¡, Omo-
73. à^mdr {ejU hoVw {ejH$ VËnaVm Ho$ {Z¶‘ H$m AZwnmbZ H$aVm h¡& (1) H$jm ‘| ~mVMrV amoH$Zo ‘| g’$b hmo OmVm h¡&
BgH$m AW© h¡- (2) ~mV| H$aZo dmbm| H$mo XpÊS>V H$aVm h¡&
(1) ~mbH$ {Og H$m¶© H$mo grIZo H$mo V¡¶ma h¡, dh Cgo grI boJm& (3) CXmgrZ h¡&
(2) AܶmnH$ H$mo N>mÌ H$s e§H$m g‘mYmZ hoVw VËna ahZm Mm{hE& (4) Omo gmoMVm h¡ {H$ ~mVMrV H$m grIZo Ho$ g§gmYZ Ho$ ê$n ‘| Cn¶moJ
(3) kmZ VËnaVm go Zht, {H«$¶m-à{V[H«$¶m go AmVm h¡& {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡&

65. 66. 67. 68. 69. 70. 71. 72. 73. 74. 75. 76. 77. 78.
(4) (4) (3) (2) (2) (4) (1) (4) (1) (1) (1) (3) (1) (4)
àJʶ {ejU A{YJ‘ H$s ‘yb à{H«$¶mE± n¥îR> 291

79. EH$ {ejH$ H$mo- (3) Ìw{Q> H$ao Am¡a ^yb OmE&
(1) ì¶m»¶mZ na A{YH$ ܶmZ XoZm Mm{hE Am¡a kmZ Ho$ {bE AmYma (4) CgHo$ à{V AkmZr ~Z OmE&
CnbãY H$amZm Mm{hE&
(2) {ejm{W©¶m| Ûmam H$s JB© Ìw{Q>¶m| H$mo EH$ ^¶§H$a ^yb Ho$ ê$n ‘o§ boZm *******
Mm{hE Am¡a à˶oH$ Ìw{Q> Ho$ {bE Jå^ra {Q>ßnUr XoZr Mm{hE&
AJa Amn B.Ed, D.Ed, BSTC ¶m {ejU AܶmnZ Ho$ joÌ ‘| n‹T>mB©
(3) {ejmWu [H$VZr ~ma JbVr H$aZo go ~MVm h¡, Bgo g’$bVm Ho$ ‘mn Ho$
ê$n ‘| boZm Mm{hE& H$a aho h¢ Vmo Amngo {ZdoXZ h¡ {H$ {ZåZ{b{IV Whatsapp No. AnZr
(4) O~ {ejmWu {dMmam| H$mo gåào{fV H$aZo H$s H$mo{ee H$a aho hmo, V~ CÝh| H$jm Ho$ ìhmQ²>gEn Jw«n ‘| Omo‹S>|& AJa AmnH$m ìhmQ²>gEn Jw«n Zht ~Zm hþAm
R>rH$ Zht H$aZm Mm{hE& h¡ Vmo H¥$n¶m H$‘ go H$‘ 20 {dÚmWu {‘bH$a ìhmQ²>gEn Jw«n ~Zm b|&
UPTET - 95301 43210
80. [ejU ‘| nmR²>¶H«$‘ gå~ÝYr {H«$¶mAm| H$m à¶moJ- MP Samvida - 95302 43210
(1) {ejU H$mo AmgmZ ~ZmZo Ho$ {bE {H$¶m OmVm h¡& BTET - 95302 43210
(2) {ejU H$mo amoMH$, gwJ«mhr Ed§ à^mdembr ~ZmZo Ho$ {bE {H$¶m OmVm h¡& UTET - 72209 29294
JTET - 72209 29239
(3) {ejU H$mo AmH$f©H$ ~ZmZo Ho$ {bE {H$¶m OmVm h¡&
HTET - 72209 29266
(4) {ejH$ H$mo ghm¶Vm XoZo Ho$ {bE {H$¶m OmVm h¡&
CGTET - 72209 28969
HPTET - 72209 28535
81. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go g‘¶ H«$‘ Ho$ AZwgma e¡j{UH$ ¶moOZm {Z‘m©U H$m
àW‘ MaU H$m¡Zgm h¡?
(1) {ejU H$s gånyU© ¶moOZmAm| H$m {Z‘m©U AmnHo$ ³bmg Ho$ ìhmQ²>gEn Jw«n ‘| {ejm g§~§Yr g^r à{V¶moJr narjm Ho$
(2) X¡{ZH$ nmR>m| H$s gyú‘ nmR> ¶moOZmAm| H$m {Z‘m©U nong©, ‘m°S>b nong© Ed§ Aݶ Aܶ¶Z gm‘J«r ^oOr OmEJr& AmnH$m ewê$ go
(3) d¥hX² BH$mB© nmR> ¶moOZmAm| H$m {Z‘m©U ‘mJ©Xe©Z {H$¶m OmEJm, Vm{H$ Amn à{V¶moJr narjm ‘| A{VerK« g’$bVm
(4) {ejm Ho$ CÔoí¶m| H$m {ZYm©aU àmá H$a gH|$&

82. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go AÝV…{df¶r AZwXoeZ H$m gdm}ËH¥$îQ> bm^ ¶h h¡

{H$-
(1) {dÚm{W©¶m| H$mo grIo JE kmZ H$mo ~hþ-gÝX^m] ‘| AZwà¶moJ H$aZo Am¡a
gm‘mݶrH¥$V H$aZo Ho$ Adga {XE OmVo h¢&
(2) àH$aUm| H$s {d{dYVm, {OÝh| naånamJV nmR²>¶M¶m© go gå~mo{YV {H$E àJʶ àH$meZ Ûmam CTET Ed§ à˶oH$ amÁ¶ Ho$ TET (UPTET, MP
OmZo H$s Amdí¶H$Vm h¡, go {ejH$m| Ho$ A{^^yV hmoZo H$s H$‘ gå^mdZm Samvida, BTET, UTET, JTET, HTET, CGTET, HPTET)
hmoVr h¡& Ho$ {bE ‘m°S>b nona H$s ’«$s PDF àH$m{eV H$s OmVr h¡& ‘m°S>b nona H$s ’«$s
(3) {dÚm{W©¶m| ‘| {d{^ÝZ {df¶ joÌm| Ho$ {deof àH$aUm| Ho$ à{V ZmngÝXJr PDF àmá H$aZo Ho$ {bE {ZåZ{b{IV Whatsapp No. AnZo H$m°boO Ho$
{dH${gV hmoZo H$s H$‘ gå^mdZm hmoVr h¡& ³bmg J«wn ¶m H$moqMJ Ho$ ³bmg Jw«n ¶m Aݶ ñQ>S>r Jw«n ‘| Om|S>o& AmnHo$ J«wn ‘|
(4) nmR>-¶moOZm ~ZmZo Am¡a J{V{d{Y¶m| ‘| {ejH$m| H$mo A{YH$
‘m°S>b nona ^ooO {XE OmE±J|&
bMrbonZ H$s AZw‘{V hmoVr h¡&

83. H$jm ‘| {ejH$ H$m ‘hÎdnyU© CÎmaXm{¶Ëd h¡- UPTET - 95301 43210
MP Samvida - 95302 43210
(1) {dÚmb¶ àemgZ H$m ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$aZm
BTET - 95302 43210
(2) Aݶ {ejH$m| Ho$ gmW gh¶mooJ H$aZm
UTET - 72209 29294
(3) H$úmm H$mo gm‘y{hH$ ê$n go {ZX}{eV H$aZm JTET - 72209 29239
(4) {df¶ dñVw Ho$ kmZ H$mo gåào{fV H$aZm HTET - 72209 29266
CGTET - 72209 28969
84. ¶{X {ejH$ H$jm ‘| {ejU Ho$ g‘¶ H$moB© Jå^ra Ìw{Q> H$a OmVm h¡, Vmo HPTET - 72209 28535
Cgo {ZåZ{b{IV H$m¶© H$aZm Mm{hE-
(1) dh AnZr Ìw{Q> H$mo VwaÝV ñdrH$ma H$a bo&
(2) dh Cgo ^wbmZo H$m à¶mg H$ao&

79. 80. 81. 82. 83. 84.

(4) (2) (4) (1) (4) (1)
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
n¥îR> 292 {ejU A{YJ‘ H$s ì¶yh aMZm Ed§ {d{Y¶m±
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
Aܶm¶ 15
{ejU A{YJ‘ H$s ì¶yh aMZm Ed§ {d{Y¶m±
15.1 àñVmdZm
ì¶yh aMZm ¶m ñQ´>{o Q>Or eãX H$m àMbZ g¡Ý¶ {dkmZ Am¡a ¶wÕ H$bm ‘| H$m’$s
‘mÌm ‘| {H$¶m OmVm h¡& ÐmoUmMm¶© Zo ‘hm^maV Ho$ ¶wÕ ‘| A{^‘ݶw H$mo KoaH$a
nm§S>dm| H$mo namñV H$aZo Ho$ {bE MH«$ì¶yh Zm‘H$ ì¶yh aMZm H$m hr Am¶moOZ {H$¶m
www.praganya.org
Wm& AV… ¶wÕ H$bm ‘| Bgo Eogr à^mdr ¶moOZmAm| Am¡a {deof H$m¶© nÕ{V¶m|
Ho$ ê$n ‘| g‘Pm VWm à¶moJ ‘| bm¶m OmVm h¡, {OZHo$ Ûmam ¶wÕ H$mo AnZo nj
‘| H$aZo ‘| g’$bVm {‘bVr h¡& EH$ eVa§O H$m {Ibm‹S>r ^r à^mdr ì¶yh aMZm
Ho$ ghmao hr eVa§O H$s ~mOr OrVVm h¡& Bgr H«$‘ H$m AZwgaU H$aVo hþE EH$
AܶmnH$ Ho$ {bE ^r ¶hr OmZm Am¡a g‘Pm Om gH$Vm h¡ {H$ Cgo AJa AnZr
{ejU ¶mÌm ‘| g’$bVm A{O©V H$aZr h¡, Vmo Cgo C{MV Am¡a à^mdnyU© {ejU
ì¶yh aMZmAm| H$m R>rH$ Vah Cn¶moJ H$aZo ‘| Hw$ebVm A{O©V H$a boZr Mm{hE&
www.praganya.org
15.2 {ejU ì¶yh aMZm H$m AW© Ed§ n[a^mfm
gab eãXm| ‘| {ejU ì¶yh aMZmAm| go VmËn¶© Eogr ì¶yh aMZmAm| ¶m Zr{V¶m|
go h¡, {Ogo {ejH$m| Ûmam AnZo {ejU ¶m AZwXoeZ ‘| {ZYm©[aV CÔoí¶m| H$s
ny{V© hoVw H$m‘ ‘| bm¶m OmVm h¡& {ejU ì¶yh aMZm eãX Am±½b ^mfm Ho$ eãX
ñQ´>o{Q>Or H$m {hÝXr ê$nmÝVa h¡& ñQ´>o{Q>Or eãX H$s CËn[Îm J«rH$ ^mfm Ho$ eãX
ñQ´>o{Q>{OAm go hþB© h¡, {OgHo$ AmYma na ñQ´>o{Q>Or H$mo {H$gr bú¶ H$s àm{á hoVw
www.praganya.org
AnZmB© OmZo dmbr EH$ {d{eîQ> H$m¶© nÕ{V ¶m ¶moOZm Ho$ ê$n ‘| n[a^m{fV
{H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡&
{ejU ì¶yh aMZmAm| go A{^àm¶ EH$ {ejH$ Ûmam {deof ê$n go {Z{‘©V
Am¡a AnZmB© JB© CZ g^r ¶moOZmAm|, {d{eîQ> H$m¶© nÕ{V¶m| VWm gmYZm| go
h¡, {OZHo$ Ûmam dh AnZo {dÚm{W©¶m| H$m C{MV ‘mJ©Xe©Z H$a CÝh| {ZYm©[aV
{ejU A{YJ‘ CÔoí¶m| H$s àm{á ‘| A{YH$ go A{YH$ ghm¶Vm àXmZ H$a gHo$&
R>rH$ Bgr àH$ma H$s A{^ì¶p³V {ejU ì¶yh aMZm nX H$mo n[a^m{fV H$aZo ‘|
à{gÕ boIH$ B© ñQ>m|g VWm ‘m¡[ag Zo AnZr nwñVH$ Q>rqMJ à¡p³Q>g-àmo~båg
EÊS> ng©nop³Q>d²O Ûmam H$s h¡& CZH$m H$WZ h¡ {H$-
{ejU ì¶yh aMZm go VmËn¶© {H$gr nmR> Ho$ {ejU hoVw AnZmB© JB© Cg gm‘mݶrH¥$V
¶moOZm go h¡ {Og‘| g§aMZm, AZwXe o ZmË‘H$ CÔoí¶m| Ho$ ê$n ‘| dm§{N>V {dÚmWu ì¶dhma
VWm ì¶yh aMZm H$mo à¶moJ ‘| bmZo Ho$ {bE Amdí¶H$ ¶wp³V¶m| H$s ê$naoIm H$m g‘mdoe hmo&
15.3 {ejU ì¶yh aMZmAm| H$s ‘w»¶ {deofVmE±
{ejU ì¶yh aMZmAm| Ho$ AW© Ed§ n[a^mfm gå~ÝYr Cn¶w©³V {ddaU H$s g‘rjm
h‘| BZH$s {ZåZ ‘w»¶ {deofVmAm| Ed§ àH¥${V go n[a{MV H$amZo ‘| ghm¶H$
{gÕ hmo gH$Vr h¡-
àJʶ
1. {ejU ì¶yh aMZmE± Eogr gm‘mݶrH¥$V ¶moOZmAm|, {d{Y¶m| Ed§ VarH$m|
H$m à{V{Z{YËd H$aVr h¢ {OZHo$ Ûmam {H$gr ^r {deof {ejU H$m¶©
AWdm {ejU nmR> H$mo n‹T>mZo Ho$ {bE à¶w³V {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡&
2. Bggo {ejU H$m¶© ¶m nmR> H$mo n‹T>mZo Ho$ Ûmam {ZYm©[aV {ejU-
A{YJ‘ CÔoí¶m| H$s àm{á H$s OmVr h¡&
3. {ejU ì¶yh aMZmAm| H$m M¶Z Am¡a Cn¶moJ {dÚm{W©¶m| H$mo {ejU-
A{YJ‘ CÔoí¶m| H$s àm{á H$amZo hoVw {H$¶m OmVm h¡&
4. {ejU ì¶yh aMZmAm| Ho$ Ûmam H$moB© Eogr H$m¶© ¶moOZm, nÕ{V, àmê$n
¶m {ejU-A{YJ‘ g§aMZm àñVwV H$s OmVr h¡ {OgHo$ AZwJ‘Z go
{ZYm©[aV {ejU-A{YJ‘ CÔoí¶m| H$s à^mdr T>§J go CnbpãY R>rH$
Vah gå^d hmo gH$Vr h¡&
5. {ejU ì¶yh aMZmAm| H$mo R>rH$ Vah go Cn¶moJ ‘§o bmZo Ho$ {bE AÀN>r Vah
{Z¶mo{OV {ejU ¶wp³V¶m| H$s Oê$aV n‹S>Vr h¡& Xÿgao eãXm| ‘|, {ejU
¶wp³V¶m± {H$gr EH$ {ejU ì¶yh-aMZm H$m EH$ A{^ÝZ A§J hmoVr h¡&
6. {H$gr ^r {ejU ì¶yh aMZm Ûmam gånm{XV {ejU-A{YJ‘ g§aMZm
H$mo {ZåZ AmH¥${V go ^br^m±{V àX{e©V {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡-
{ejU-A{YJ‘ g§aMZm Ho$ àmê$n H$mo àX{e©V H$aZo dmbr Cn¶w©³V
{MÌmË‘H$ AmH¥${V go {d{^ÝZ ~mVm| H$s OmZH$mar {‘bVr h¡-
1. EH$ {ejU ì¶yh aMZm H$m {Z‘m©U Am¡a Cn¶moJ {dÚm{W©¶mo§ H$mo
{ZYm©[aV {ejU-A{YJ‘ CÔoí¶m| H$s àm{á ‘| ghm¶Vm H$aZo hoVw
{H$¶m OmVm h¡&
2. {H$gr ^r ì¶yh aMZm H$m {Z‘m©U Am¡a Cn¶moJ Bg ÑpîQ> go {H$¶m
OmVm h¡ {H$ CgHo$ Ûmam {dÚm{W©¶m| H$s Amdí¶H$VmAm|, ¶mo½¶VmAm|
VWm ê${M¶m|, {dÚm{W©¶m| H$mo n‹T>Zo hoVw {‘bZo dmbr A{YJ‘
n[apñW{V¶m| VWm gw{dYmAm| Am¡a CZHo$ Ûmam àmá {H$E OmZo dmbo
A{YJ‘ CÔoí¶m| g^r H$m R>rH$ go ܶmZ aIm Om gHo$&
3. {dÚm{W©¶m| go {‘bZo dmbo n¥îR>nmofU Ho$ AmYma na {ejU ì¶yh aMZm
‘| C{MV g§emoYZ H$aVo ahZo H$m àmdYmZ aIm OmVm h¡&
4. {ejU-A[YJ‘ CÔoío ¶ {H$gr ^r {ejU-A{YJ‘ g§aMZm Ho$ Ho$ÝÐr¶
{~ÝXþ Am¡a bú¶ hmoVo h¢, naÝVw ¶o nyar Vah pñWa Am¡a An[adV©Zerb
hmo ¶h ~mV Oê$ar Zht h¡& {dÚm{W©¶m|, {ejU-A{YJ‘ dmVmdaU VWm
{ejU ì¶yh aMZm Ho$ Cn¶moJ gå~ÝYr n[aUm‘m| Ho$ AmYma na BZ‘|
¶WmZwH$y b n[adV©Z {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡&
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
àJʶ {ejU A{YJ‘ H$s ì¶yh aMZm Ed§ {d{Y¶m± n¥îR> 293

15.4 {ejU ì¶yh aMZmAm| VWm {ejU {d{Y¶m| 8. {ejU {d{Y ‘| CgHo$ à^mdnyU© Cn¶moJ Bg gÝX^© ‘| ¶h ì¶yh aMZm ~hþV A{YH$
hoVw {ejU VH$ZrH$m| Am¡a ghm¶H$ gm‘J«r ì¶mnH$ hmoVr h¡ ³¶m|{H$ BgHo$ à¶moJ hoVw {d{dY
‘| AÝVa H$m à¶moJ {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡& {d{Y¶m|, VH$ZrH$m|, gmYZm| Am¡a CnH$aUm|,
¶wp³V¶m| Am{X H$s ghm¶Vm boZm Amdí¶H$
{ejU {d{Y¶m± ³¶m hmoVr h¢, h‘ g^r Bg ~mV go ^br^m±{V n[a{MV h¢& H$jm hmoVm h¡ Vm{H$ CZH$s ghm¶Vm go {ejU-
‘| {dÚm{W©¶m| H$mo n‹T>mZo hoVw AܶmnH$ àm¶… BZ {ejU {d{Y¶m| O¡go ì¶m»¶mZ A{YJ‘ J{V{d{Y¶m| Am¡a Cn¶w³V dmVmdaU H$m
{d{Y, àXe©Z {d{Y, AmJ‘Z {d{Y, {ZJ‘Z {d{Y, AÝdofU {d{Y, g‘ñ¶m Am¶moOZ ^br^m±{V {H$¶m Om gHo$&

g‘mYmZ {d{Y Am{X H$m à¶moJ H$aVo ahVo h¢& H$moB© ^r {d{Y Omo EH$ {ejH$ ì¶mdhm[aH$ ÑpîQ> go {ejU {d{Y¶m| Am¡a {ejU ì¶yh aMZmAm| Ho$ ~rM
Ûmam AnZo {ejU hoVw à¶moJ ‘| bmB© OmVr h¡ CgH$m ¶hr à¶moOZ hmoVm h¡ {H$ {XImB© n‹S>Zo dmbm ¶h AÝVa AnZo Amn ‘| H$m’$s H$‘ hmoVm Mbm OmVm h¡,
CgHo$ Ûmam {df¶dñVw H$mo AÀN>o go AÀN>o T>§J go {dÚm{W©¶m| Ho$ gm‘Zo àñVwV ³¶m|{H$ BZ XmoZm| H$m CÔoí¶ {ejU H$m¶© H$mo {OVZm A{YH$ hmo gHo$, CVZm
{H$¶m OmE& Bg{bE {H$gr {deof {d{Y H$m M¶Z Am¡a Cn¶moJ Bg{bE {H$¶m à^mdnyU© ~ZmZm hmoVm h¡& ¶hr H$maU h¡ {H$ {ejU {d{Y¶m| Am¡a ì¶yh aMZmAm|
OmVm h¡ {H$ CgHo$ Ûmam nmR²>¶H«$‘ go gå~{ÝYV {H$gr EH$ àH$ma H$s {df¶ XmoZm| Ho$ hr dJuH$aU ‘| EH$ O¡gr Zm‘mdbr, ì¶m»¶mZ, àXe©Z, àíZmoÎma, g‘ñ¶m
gm‘J«r H$mo EH$ {deof Cn¶w³V ‹T>§J go àñVwV H$aZo ‘| ghm¶Vm {‘b gHo$& g‘mYmZ, AÝdofU n[a¶moOZm Am{X XoIZo H$mo {‘bVr h¡, naÝVw {’$a ^r {ejU
BgHo$ {dnarV ì¶yh aMZm H$m M¶Z Am¡a Cn¶moJ ‘mÌ {H$gr {df¶dñVw Ho$ {d{Y¶m| Am¡a ì¶yh aMZmAm| Ho$ ~rM {dÚ‘mZ AÝVa H$m’$s ñnîQ> ê$n go AZw^d
à^mdr T>§J go àñVwVrH$aU Ho$ {bE hr Zht hmoVm, ~pëH$ CgHo$ Ûmam {ZYm©[aV {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡& CXmhaU Ho$ {bE, ì¶m»¶mZ {d{Y EH$ ì¶m»¶mZ ì¶yh aMZm
{ejU-A{YJ‘ CÔooí¶m| H$s àm{á H$mo ^r AnZm bú¶ ~Zm¶m OmVm h¡& Bg H$m ê$n Cg g‘¶ ^br^m±{V YmaU H$aVr hþB© XoIr Om gH$Vr h¡, O~ ¶h ‘mÌ
àH$ma {ejU ì¶yh aMZm H$m Cn¶moJ joÌ Am¡a CgH$s g§aMZm {ejU {d{Y H$s {df¶ àñVwVrH$aU H$m T>J§ Z ~ZH$a {ZYm©[aV CÔoí¶m| H$s àm{á ‘| AÀN>r Vah
VwbZm ‘| H$ht A{YH$ {dñV¥V hmoVr h¡& BZ XmoZm| Ho$ ~rM Ho$ AÝVa H$mo {ZåZ ghm¶H$ hmo gHo$& ¶hr ~mV Aݶ {d{Y¶m| Ho$ {bE ^r bmJy hmo gH$Vr h¡& do {d{Y
{ddaU Ûmam AÀN>r Vah g‘Pm Om gH$Vm h¡- V^r VH$ ahVr h¢, O~ VH$ CÝh| ‘mÌ {df¶ {deof Ho$ àñVwVrH$aU hoVw EH$ {deof
H«$. {ejU {d{Y {ejU ì¶yh aMZm VarHo$ ¶m gmYZ Ho$ ê$n ‘| BñVo‘mb {H$¶m OmVm ahVm h¡&
g§.
1. {ejU {d{Y go {H$gr {df¶dñVw {deof {ejU ì¶yh aMZm go Bg àH$ma Ho$ {ejU-
H$mo Bg T>§J go àñVwV H$aZo ‘| ‘XX A{YJ‘ dmVmdaU Ho$ {Z‘m©U ‘| ghm¶Vm {‘bVr 15.5 {ejU ¶wp³V¶mo§ H$m AW© Ed§ n[a^mfm
{‘bVr h¡ {H$ Cgo C{MV ‹T>§J go J«hU h¡ {H$ {Oggo {ZYm©[aV {ejU-A{YJ‘ CÔooí¶m|
H$aZo Am¡a ^br^m±{V g‘PmZo ‘| ghm¶Vm H$s àm{á ‘| {dÚm{W©¶m| H$s C{MV ghm¶Vm H$s {ejU ¶w[³V¶m± H$jm ‘| nmR²>¶dñVw Ho$ àñVwVrH$aU H$m gmYZ h¢& EH$ {ejU
{‘b gHo$& Om gHo$& {d{Y ‘| AZoH$ ¶w[³V¶m| H$m Cn¶moJ {H$¶m OmVm h¡ V^r nmR²>¶dñVw H$m
2. {ejU {d{Y Ho$ Zm‘ go àM{bV ¶h {ejU ì¶yh aMZm Ho$ Zm‘ go àM{bV ¶h nX àñVwVrH$aU à^mdembr T>§J go hmo nmVm h¡& BÝh| {ejU à{H«$¶m H$s ghm¶H$
nX H$m’$s nwamZm h¡ Am¡a BgH$m gå~ÝY AnojmH¥$V Z¶m h¡ Am¡a BgH$m gå~ÝY g¡Ý¶
àUmbr ‘mZm OmVm h¡& {ejU {d{Y Ho$ Cn¶moJ ‘| BÝht ¶w[³V¶m| H$s ghm¶Vm
{ejU {dkmZ go h¡& {dkmZ Am¡a e¡{jH$ VH$ZrH$s go h¡&
3. {ejU H$m¶© Ho$ gånmXZ hoVw {H$gr ^r {ejU-A{YJ‘ CÔoí¶m| H$s àH¥${V hr ¶h
br OmVr h¡& BZHo$ Cn¶moJ go {ejU {d{Y gmW©H$ Ed§ ì¶mdhm[aH$ hmo nmVr h¡&
{ejU {d{Y H$m M¶Z {df¶dñVw {deof {ZYm©[aV H$aVr h¡ {H$ CZH$s àm{á hoVw {H$g {ejU ¶w[³V¶m± nmR²>¶dñVw Ho$ àñVwVrH$aU H$m Vm{H©$H$ Ed§ ì¶mdhm[aH$
H$s àH¥${V na {Z^©a H$aVm h¡& àH$ma H$s ì¶yh aMZm H$m‘ ‘| br OmE& gmYZ h¡& nmR²>¶dñVw Ho$ VËdm| H$m àñVwVrH$aU BÝht ¶w[³V¶m| Ûmam {H$¶m OmVm
4. {ejU {d{Y Bg YmaUm na AmYm[aV h¡ {ejU ì¶yh aMZm Bg ‘mݶVm na AmYm[aV h¡ h¡& à˶oH$ ¶w[³V ‘| AZoH$ {H«$¶mE± H$s OmVr h¡& BZ ¶w[³V¶m| H$s ghm¶Vm go
{H$ {ejU EH$ H$bm h¡& {H$ {ejU {dkmZ h¡ Am¡a BgH$s àH¥${V H$m’$s
VH$ZrH$s ¶w³V h¡& AZwXoeZmË‘H$ à{H«$¶m H$m g§MmbZ H$jm ‘| {H$¶m OmVm h¡&
5. H$moB© {ejU {d{Y {H$VZr à^mdembr H$moB© {ejU ì¶yh aMZm {H$VZr à^mdembr h¡ {H$gr {ejU ì¶yh aMZm H$mo ^br^m±{V Cn¶moJ ‘| bmZo hoVw {ejU
h¡ BgH$m {ZYm©aU Bg AmYma na {H$¶m BgH$m {ZYm©aU Bg ~mV Ho$ AmYma na {H$¶m ¶wp³V¶m| H$m à¶moJ Cgr Vah Amdí¶H$ hmoVm h¡, O¡go {H$ {H$gr ^r {ejU {d{Y
OmVm h¡ {H$ {dÚm{W©¶m| Ûmam {df¶dñVw OmVm h¡ {H$ {ZYm©[aV CÔooí¶m| H$s àm{á {H$g
H$s g’$bVm hoVw C{MV {ejU VH$ZrH$m| Am¡a {ejU gmYZm| Ho$ BñVo‘mb H$s
na {H$VZm A{YH$ma h¡ Am¡a ¶h nVm ê$n ‘| H$s Om gH$s h¡ Am¡a BgH$m nVm bJmZo
bJmZo Ho$ {bE CnbpãY narjmAm| H$m hoVw ‘mZXÊS> g§X{^©V narjUm| H$m à¶moJ {H$¶m Oê$aV AZw^d H$s OmVr h¡& {ejU ¶wp³V¶m| H$mo n[a^m{fV H$aVo hþE à{gÕ
à¶moJ {H$¶m OmVm h¡& OmVm h¡& {dÛmZ B©. ñQ>m|g VWm Eg. ‘mo[ag (1972) Zo {ZåZ {dMma 춳V {H$E h¢-
6. {ejU {d{Y ‘| Bg ~mV na Omoa {ejU ì¶yh aMZm ‘| Bg ~mV na Omoa {X¶m
{ejU ¶wp³V¶m± bú¶ {ZYm©[aV, à^m{dV Am¡a à^m{dV {H$E Om gH$Zo dmbo {ejH$
{X¶m OmVm h¡ {H$ {df¶dñVw Ho$ C{MV OmVm h¡ {H$ {ejU-A{YJ‘ dmVmdaU Ho$
àñVwVrH$aU hoVw {H$g àH$ma Ho$ e¡j{UH$ C{MV Am¶moOZ hoVw {H$g àH$ma H$s e¡j{UH$
ì¶dhma H$m à{V{Z{YËd H$aVr h¢, Cg ì¶dhma H$m {OgH$m dh {H$gr AZwXoeZmË‘H$
H$X‘ CR>mE OmE±& J{V{d{Y¶m± gånÝZ H$s OmE±& n[apñW{V Ho$ Xm¡amZ {H$gr ì¶yh aMZm Ho$ {Z‘m©U hoVw à¶moJ H$aVm h¡& BÝh| {ejH$
ì¶dhma H$s CZ BH$mB¶m| Ho$ ê$n ‘| ^r OmZm Om gH$Vm h¡ {OZH$s ghm¶Vm go {ejH$
7. {ejU {d{Y Ho$ VhV CR>mE JE H$X‘ {ejU ì¶yh aMZm Cn¶moJ H$s ÑpîQ> go H$m’$s
~hþV Hw$N> {ZpíMV Am¡a An[adV©Zerb bMrbr hmoVr h¡& CnbãY {ejU-A{YJ‘ g‘¶-g‘¶ na H$jm Ho$ {dÚm{W©¶m| Ho$ gmW {Z^mB© OmZo dmbr {d{^ÝZ AZwXoeZmË‘H$
hmoVo h¢& gm‘mݶV… BZHo$ àmê$nm| ‘§§o n[apñW{V¶m| Ho$ n[aàoú¶ ‘| {ZYm©[aV {ejU- ^y{‘H$mAm| H$m {Zdm©h H$aVm h¡ AWdm {ejH$ ì¶dhma Ho$ Eogo Ad¶dm| Ho$ ê$n ‘| ^r
n[adV©Z H$aZo H$s H$moB© ~mV AmgmZr go A{YJ‘ CÔoí¶m| H$s àm{á hoVw BZ‘| Amdí¶H$ OmZm Om gH$Vm h¡, {OgHo$ ‘mܶ‘ go {ejH$, {ejmWu Am¡a {df¶dñVw ‘| nmañn[aH$
Zht CR>Vr& g§emoYZ {H$E Om gH$Vo h¢& A§V…{H«$¶m MbVr ahVr h¡&
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&

n¥îR> 294 {ejU A{YJ‘ H$s ì¶yh aMZm Ed§ {d{Y¶m± àJʶ
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&

15.6 {ejU ¶wp³V¶m| H$s àH¥${V d {deofVmE±
{ejU ¶wp³V¶m| H$s àH¥${V Am¡a {deofVmAm| H$m dU©Z {ZåZ àH$ma h¡-
1. {ejU ¶wp³V¶m± {ejH$ H$s CZ J{V{d{Y¶m| d ì¶dhma H$m à{V{Z{YËd
H$aVr h¢, {OZH$mo dh {H$gr {deof {ejU ì¶yh aMZm Ho$ Am¶moOZ
Am¡a à¶moJ hoVw H$m‘ ‘| bmVm h¡&
2. {ejU ¶wp³V¶m± {ejH$ ì¶dhma H$s do ‘yb^yV B©H$mB¶m± hmoVr h¢,
Omo {ZYm©[aV {ejU A{YJ‘ CÔoí¶m| H$s àm{á hoVw C{MV A{YJ‘
g§aMZm Ho$ {Z‘m©U ‘| ghm¶H$ {gÕ hmoVr h¢&
3. {ejU ¶wp³V¶m± g‘¶-g‘¶ na {ejU ì¶yh aMZm Ho$ gånmXZ hoVw
EH$ {ejH$ H$mo CgHo$ {d{^ÝZ AZwXoeZmË‘H$ ^y{‘H$mAm| Ho$ {Z^mZo
7. H$jm ‘| {d{^ÝZ ¶wp³V¶m| go N>mÌm| H$s kmZopÝжm| H$mo {H«$¶merb
{H$¶m OmVm h¡ Am¡a dmñV{dH$ kmZ àXmZ {H$¶m OmVm h¡&
{ejU ¶wp³V¶m± {ejH$m| Ed§ N>mÌm|, XmoZm| Ho$ {bE g‘mZ én go Cn¶moJr
h¡& {ejH$m| Ed§ N>mÌm| Ho$ {bE BZH$s Cn¶mo{JVm H$mo {ZåZ àH$ma g‘Pm Om
gH$Vm h¡-
15.7.1 {ejH$m| hoVw Cn¶mo{JVm
1. H$m¶©-g§aMZm Ho$ AmYma na g‘w{MV {ejU ¶wp³V¶m| H$m M¶Z
{H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡&
2. {d{^ÝZ H$jmAm| Ho$ grIZo Ho$ CÔooí¶m| VWm {d{^ÝZ H$jmAm| Ho$
A{YJ‘ ñdê$nm| Ho$ gå~ÝY H$mo àX{e©V {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡&

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‘| ‘XX H$aVr h¢&
4. {ejU ¶wp³V¶m| ‘| do g^r empãXH$ Am¡a AempãXH$ {ejH$ ì¶dhma 3. H$m¶© H$s AmÝV[aH$ aMZm Ho$ à¶moJ go N>mÌm| H$s ~moYJå¶Vm H$s
Ed§ J{V{d{Y¶m± em{‘b hmo gH$Vr h¢, {OZH$s ghm¶Vm go {ejH$, JhZVm ‘| d¥{Õ H$s Om gH$Vr h¡& {ejH$ àñVwVrH$aU ‘| N>mÌm| Ho$
{ejmWu Am¡a {df¶dñVw Ho$ ~rM ñdñW A§V…{H«$¶m hmoVo ahZo ‘| ì¶dhma-n[adV©Z H«$‘ H$m g‘w{MV à¶moJ H$a gH$Vm h¡&
‘XX {‘bVr h¡& 4. gyMZmAm| Ed§ V϶m| H$mo Bg àH$ma àñVwV H$a gH$Vm h¡ {H$ N>mÌ
5. [ejU ¶wp³V¶m± {dÚm{W©¶m| H$mo {ZYm©[aV A{YJ‘ CÔooí¶m| H$s àm{á CÝh| A{YH$ g‘¶ VH$ ñ‘aU aI gH$Vo h¢&
hoVw C{MV A{YJ‘ g§aMZm Ho$ {Z‘m©U ‘| gh¶moJr {gÕ hmoVr h¢&
15.7.2 N>mÌm| hoVw Cn¶mo{JVm
6. {ejU ¶wp³V¶m| H$m A‘yV© ê$n hmoVm h¡& H$jm H$s {H«$¶mAm| go ¶wp³V
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1. H$jm VWm H$m¶©-g§aMZm Ho$ AmYma na g‘w{MV A{YJ‘ ¶wp³V¶m|

H$m ~moY hmoVm h¡&
H$m M¶Z H$a gH$Vm h¡&
7. nmR²>¶dñVw Ho$ VÎdm| H$m H$jm ‘| àñVwVrH$aU H$m gmYZ h¡&
2. {d{^ÝZ H$jmAm| Ho$ grIZo Ho$ CÔooí¶m| VWm {d{^ÝZ H$jmAm| Ho$
8. BZH$m Cn¶moJ {ejU ‘| à^mdembr Ed§ ê${MH$a hmoVm h¡&
ñdê$nm| Ho$ gå~ÝY H$m à˶jrH$aU H$a gH$Vm h¡&
9. Bgo {ejU à{H«$¶m H$s ghm¶H$ àUmbr ‘mZVo h¢&
3. H$m¶© H$r AmÝV[aH$ g§aMZm Ho$ à¶moJ go N>mÌ ~moYJå¶Vm H$s JhZVm
10. BZHo$ Cn¶moJ go ~hþ-BpÝж AZw^d àXmZ {H$¶o OmVo h¢&
‘| d¥{Õ H$a gH$Vo h¢& N>mÌ grIZo ‘| AnZo ì¶dhma-n[adV©Z Ho$
H«$‘ H$m g‘w{MV bm^ CR>m gH$Vo h¢&
15.7 {ejU ¶wp³V¶m| H$m ‘hÎd Ed§ Cn¶mo{JVm 4. {OZ V϶m| Ed§ gyMZmAm| H$mo grIm h¡ CÝh| N>mÌ A{YH$ g‘¶ VH$
ñ‘aU aI gH$Vo h¢& H$m¶© VWm kmZ H$s g§aMZm H$m ñdê$n N>mÌm|
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Cn¶w©³V {ddoMZ go {ejU ¶wp³V¶m| Ho$$‘hÎd H$m ~moY hmoVm h¡& {ejU ¶wp³V¶m|
H$s Amdí¶H$VmAm| VWm ¶mo½¶VmAm| Ho$ AmYma na {ZYm©[aV {H$¶m
H$m gOrd {ejU à{H«$¶m AWdm AÝV…à{H«$¶m AdñWm ‘| {deof ‘hÎd h¡&
Om gH$Vm h¡&
{ejU ¶wp³V¶m| Ho$ ‘hÎd H$mo {ZåZ àH$ma g‘Pm Om gH$Vm h¡-
1. {ejU ¶wp³V¶m| H$s ghm¶Vm go {ejU Am¶m‘, {d{Y¶m| VWm
à{d{Y¶m| H$m gånmXZ {H$¶m OmVm h¡& 15.8 {ejU ì¶yh aMZm Am¡a {ejU ¶wp³V¶m| ‘o§ AÝVa
2. {ejU ¶wp³V¶m| go H$jm ‘| VrZ àH$ma H$s {H«$¶mE± H$s OmVr h¢-
{ejU ì¶yh aMZm Am¡a {ejU ¶wp³V¶m| ‘| {Z{hV AÝVa H$mo {ZåZ {ddaU Ûmam
a. àXe©Z H$s {H«$¶mE±
ñnîQ> {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡-
b. H$WZ ¶m empãXH$ [H«$¶mE±
c. {ZînmXZ H$s {H«$¶mE± H«$.g§. {ejU ì¶yh aMZm {ejU ¶wp³V¶m±
3. {ejU H$s nyd© AdñWm ‘| AZwXoeZmË‘H$ à{H«$¶m Ho$ {Z¶moOZ ‘| BÝh| 1. {ejU ì¶yh aMZm bú¶ {ZX}{eV hmoVr h¢ Am¡a {ejU ¶wp³V¶m± {ejH$ H$s CZ
¶h bú¶, {ZYm©[aV {ejU A{YJ‘ CÔoí¶m| H$s J{V{d{Y¶m| Ed§ ì¶dhma H$m à{V{Z{YËd
gpå‘{bV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& CnbpãY H$aZm hmoVm h¡& H$aVr h¢, {OÝh| {ZYm©[aV {ejU-
4. H$jm H$s AÝV… à{H«$¶m AdñWm H$m g¥OZ ¶wp³V¶m| H$s ghm¶Vm A{YJ‘ CÔooí¶m| H$s àm{á hoVw {Z{‘©V
go {H$¶m OmVm h¡& Am¡a Cn¶moJ ‘| bm¶m OmVm h¡&
5. H$jm ‘| BZ ¶wp³V¶m| H$s ghm¶Vm go A{YJ‘ n[apñW{V¶m| H$mo 2. {ejU ì¶yh aMZm ‘| {ejH$ Am¡a {ejmWu H$s {ejU ¶wp³V¶m| H$m gå~ÝY Ho$db CZ
do g^r J{V{d{Y¶m± em{‘b hmoVr h¢ {OZgo {ejH$ J{V{d{Y¶m| Ed§ ì¶dhma go hmoVm
CËnÝZ {H$¶m OmVm h¡ {Oggo N>mÌm| Ho$ ì¶dhma ‘| Ano{jV ì¶dhma {ZYm©[aV {ejU-A{YJ‘ CÔoí¶m| H$s àm{á h¡, {OZHo$ Ûmam C{MV A{YJ‘ g§aMZm
n[adV©Z {H$¶m OmVm h¡& hoVw C{MV {ejU-A{YJ‘ {Z‘m©U ‘| ghm¶Vm Ho$ Am¶moOZ ‘| ‘XX {‘bVr h¡&
6. H$jm Ho$ dmVmdaU H$mo à^mdembr VWm Cn¶moJr BÝht ¶wp³V¶m| go {‘bVr h¡&
{H$¶m OmVm h¡&
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
àJʶ {ejU A{YJ‘ H$s ì¶yh aMZm Ed§ {d{Y¶m± n¥îR> 295

3. {ejU CÔoí¶ Am¡a {ejU H$m¶© {díbofU ¶o C{MV A{YJ‘ g§aMZm H$m {Z‘m©U- Om gH$Vm h¡ {H$ dh gX¡d AÀN>o Am¡Omam| H$m C{MV g‘¶ na C{MV ê$n go
XmoZm| hr {H$gr {ejU ì¶yh aMZm Ho$ H$m’$s {ejU ¶wp³V¶m| hoVw EH$ Ho$ÝÐr^yV VÎd Cn¶moJ H$aVm h¡& ¶hr ~mV EH$ AÀN>o AܶmnH$ Ho$ {bE h¡& AܶmnH$ H$m¶© ‘|
‘hÎdnyU© AmYma^yV VËd hmoVo h¢& H$m H$m¶© H$aVm h¡&
CgH$s g’$bVm ^r Bgr ~mV ‘| {Z{hV h¡ {H$ dh {H$g Vah go C{MV g‘¶
4. {ejU ì¶yh aMZm, {ejU ¶wp³V¶m| H$s VwbZm ‘| {ejU ¶wp³V {ejU ì¶yh aMZm H$s
H$m’$s Hw$N> Á¶mXm {dñV¥V Am¡a JhZ gåà˶¶ VwbZm ‘| H$m’$s N>moQ>m Am¡a gr{‘V na C{MV ê$n ‘| C{MV [ejU à{d{Y¶m| H$m AnZo {ejU H$m¶© Ho$ {bE Cn¶moJ
h¡& Bg‘| dh g^r Hw$N> em{‘b {H$¶m Om g§à˶¶ h¡& ¶h dmñVd ‘| {ejH$ H$aVm h¡& à{gÕ {dÛmZ E. EM. Jma{bH$ Ho$ AZwgma-
gH$Vm h¡, {Oggo EH$ {ejH$ H$mo AnZo {ejU ì¶dhma Ho$ Cg N>moQ>o go A§e, Ad¶d ¶m
CÎmaXm{¶Ëd ¶mZr {ejU-A[YJ‘ CÔoí¶m| H$s BH$mB© H$m à{V{Z{YËd H$aVm h¡, {OgH$s
{ejU à{d{Y¶m± Vmo {ejH$ Ho$ Am¡Oma h¢ Am¡a ¶{X H$m¶© AÀN>r Vah H$aZm h¡ Vmo
àm{á ‘| ¶WmZwH$y b ghm¶Vm àmá hmo gHo$& Bg ghm¶Vm go Cgo AnZo {ejU CÔooí¶m| C{MV Am¡Omam| H$mo C{MV ê$n ‘| H$m‘ bmZm hr hmoJm&
ÑpîQ> go EH$ {ejH$ ì¶yh aMZm ‘| CZ g^r H$s àm{á ‘| ghm¶Vm {‘bVr h¡&
{d{^ÝZ {ejU {d{Y¶m|, {ejU VH$ZrH$m|, {ejH$
ghm¶H$ gm‘J«r d {ejU ¶wp³V¶m| H$mo g‘m{dîQ>
hmoVo hþE XoIm Om gH$Vm h¡ {OZHo$ Ûmam EH$ 15.10 {ejU {d{Y Am¡a {ejU à{d{Y ‘| AÝVa
ì¶mnH$ {ejU-A[YJ‘ H$s g§aMZm H$a {ZYm©[aV
{ejU-A{YJ‘ CÔoí¶m| H$s à^mdnyU© CnbpãY
‘moQ>o Vm¡a na XoIZo ‘| {ejU {d{Y Am¡a {ejU à{d{Y eãXm| ‘| H$moB© AÝVa
H$m H$m¶© gånÝZ {H$¶m Om gHo$& ZOa Zht AmVm, Bg{bE àm¶… XmoZm| H$mo EH$ hr AW© ‘| à¶moJ H$a {b¶m OmVm
h¡& {ejU {d{Y Ed§ {ejU à{d{Y Ho$ ~rM AÝVa {ZåZ àH$ma ñnîQ> {H$¶m
Om gH$Vm h¡-
15.9 {ejU à{d{Y¶m| H$m AW© Ed§ n[a^mfm 1. {ejU {d[Y O¡go AmJ‘Z, {ZJ‘Z, {díbofUmË‘H$ Ed§ AZwgÝYmZ
{ejU EH$ A{V H$m¡eb ¶w³V H$m¶© h¡& EH$ {ejH$ H$mo AnZo {ejU H$m¶© H$mo {d{Y Am{X EH$ AܶmnH$ H$mo Bg ê$n ‘| ghm¶Vm nh±þMmVr h¡ {H$
AÀN>r Vah nyam H$aZo Ho$ {bE {d{^ÝZ àH$ma H$s ¶mo½¶VmAm|, j‘VmAm| VWm dh AnZo {ejU H$m¶© H$mo nyU©V¶m ì¶dpñWV Ed§ H«$‘~Õ ê$n ‘|
gånÝZ H$a gHo$& EH$ AܶmnH$ AnZo {df¶ H$s gm‘J«r H$mo {H$gr
Hw$ebVmAm| H$s Amdí¶H$Vm hmoVr h¡& {ejU à{d{Y¶m| H$s {JZVr CÝht na‘
{deof {ejU {d{Y Ho$ Ûmam hr àñVwV H$aVm h¡& {df¶ gm‘J«r Am¡a
Amdí¶H$VmAm| ‘| hmoVr h¡, {OZgo ¶w³V hmoZm EH$ {ejH$ Ho$ {bE AnZo H$m¶© ‘|
{ejU {d{Y BZH$mo EH$ Xÿgao go n¥WH²$ Zht {H$¶m Om gH$Vm& O¡gr
g’$bVm àm{á hoVw A{Zdm¶© hmoVm h¡& Mmho Cgo AnZo {dÚm{W©¶m| H$mo n‹T>Zo hoVw
{df¶ gm‘J«r hmoVr h¡ Cgr Ho$ AZwê$n {ejU {d{Y H$m MwZmd Ed§
V¡¶ma H$aZm hmo, {df¶dñVw H$mo ^br^m±{V àñVwV H$aHo$ N>mÌm| Ho$ ‘pñVîH$ ‘|
Cn¶moJ {H$¶m OmVm h¡& Bg{bE {df¶dñVw Ho$ àñVwVrH$aU ‘| {ejU
{~R>mZm hmo AWdm AnZo {ejU H$m¶© H$m ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$aZm hmo, BZ g^r H$m¶m] {d{Y¶m| H$mo Eogm Zht g‘Pm OmVm h¡ {H$ do H$moB© ~mha H$s dñVw h¢
‘| C{MV g’$bVm àmá H$aZo Ho$ {bE Cgo {ejU {d{Y¶m| Ho$ A{V[a³V {OZ AWdm CÝh§o D$na go H$moB© A{V[a³V ê$n ‘| {ejH$ Ho$ Ûmam à¶moJ
{deof VarH$m|, Zr{V¶m|, Hw$ebVmAm| Ed§ gmYZm| B˶m{X H$m à¶moJ H$aZm hmoVm ‘| bm¶m Om ahm h¡& BgHo$ {dnarV {ejU à{d{Y¶m± Am¡a {df¶dñVw
h¡ {ejU VH$ZrH$s H$s ^mfm ‘| ‘moQ>o Vm¡a na BÝht H$mo {ejU à{d{Y¶m| H$s Ho$ àñVwVrH$aU ‘| Bg àH$ma H$m gm‘r߶ Am¡a gå~ÝY ZOa Zht
g§km Xr Om gH$Vr h¡& AmVm& {df¶dñVw Ho$ àñVwVrH$aU ‘| CZH$m Cn¶moJ A{Zdm¶© Zhr§
{ejU à{d{Y¶m| go A{^àm¶… CZ A{V[a³V gmYZm| go h¡, {OZH$m h¡& EH$ AܶmnH$ Mmho Vmo {~Zm CZH$s ghm¶Vm go {H$gr C{MV
à¶moJ {ejH$ Ûmam AnZo {ejU H$mo A{YH$ à^mdnyU© Ed§ Cn¶moJr ~ZmZo Ho$ {d{Y H$m Cn¶moJ H$aVo hþE AnZo {df¶ H$s gm‘J«r H$mo àñVwV H$a
{bE {H$¶m OmVm h¡& BZHo$ Ûmam Cgo AnZo {ejU CÔooí¶m| H$mo AÀN>r Vah gH$Vm h¡&
àmá H$aZo ‘| nyar-nyar ghm¶Vm {‘bVr h¡& AnZo {ejU Ho$ Xm¡amZ O~ EH$ 2. AܶmnH$ {ejU à{d{Y¶m| H$m à¶moJ g‘¶-g‘¶ na {ejU
AܶmnH$ gå~{ÝYV {df¶dñVw H$m {ddaU XoVm h¡, dU©Z H$aVm h¡, ÑîQ>mÝV {d{Y¶m| H$mo à¶moJ ‘| bmVo hþE A{V[a³V ê$n go Bg{bE H$aVm
XoVm h¡, àXe©Z H$aVm h¡, àíZ nyN>Vm h¡ Am¡a AnZo {dÚm{W©¶m| H$mo {dMma- h¡ {H$ Bggo Cgo AnZo {ejU CÔoí¶m| H$mo ^br^m±{V àmá H$aZo ‘|
{d‘e©, {dMmaJmoîR>r VWm H$m¶©embm O¡go H$m¶m] ‘| g§b½Z H$aVm h¡ AWdm CÝh| Cn¶w³V ghm¶Vm {‘bVr h¡& Bg ê$n ‘| {ejU à{d{Y¶m± {ejU
Aä¶mg H$m¶© Ed§ J¥hH$m¶© XoH$a n‹T>mB© hþB© ~mVm| H$m Aä¶mg Ed§ nwZamd¥[Îm {d{Y¶m| H$s VwbZm ‘| ~mø Am¡a A{V[a³V gmYZm| AWdm {ejU
H$amVm h¡ V~ ¶h H$hm OmVm h¡ {H$ dh AnZo {ejU H$m¶© ‘| {ejU à{d{Y¶m| CnH$aUm| Ho$ ê$n ‘| h‘mao gm‘Zo AmVr h¢, {OZHo$ Ûmam EH$ {ejH$
H$m à¶moJ H$a ahm h¡& H$mo AnZo {ejU H$mo A{YH$ ¶WmW©, à^mdnyU© Ed§ Cn¶moJr ~ZmZo ‘|
Cn¶w©³V n§p³V¶m| Ho$ AmYma na {ejU à{d{Y¶m| H$mo {ZåZ àH$ma A{YH$ go A{YH$ ghm¶Vm {‘bVr h¡&
n[a^m{fV {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡- 3. {ejU H$m¶© hoVw {ejU {d{Y AnZo Amn ‘| nyU© hmoVr h¡& CgH$m
à¶moJ {~ëHw$b ñdVÝÌ ê$n go {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡, O~{H$ Ho$db
{ejU à{d{Y¶m| go VmËn¶© CZ {d{eîQ> ¶moOZmAm|, H$m¶© àUm{b¶m|, VaH$s~m|,
gmYZm| AWdm H$m¡ebm| go hmoVm h¡, {OÝh| EH$ AܶmnH$ Ûmam Amdí¶H$VmZwgma {ejU à{d{Y Ho$ ghmao EH$ AܶmnH$ AnZo {df¶-gm‘J«r H$m
g‘¶-g‘¶ na AnZo [ejU Ho$ Xm¡amZ à¶w³V {H$¶m OmVm h¡ {Oggo {ejU CÔoí¶m| {ejU Zht H$a gH$Vm, Cgo H$moB© {ejU {d{Y hr H$m‘ ‘| bmZr
H$mo gabVm Am¡a g’$bVmnyd©H$ àmá {H$¶m Om gHo$& hmoVr h¡& {ejU à{d{Y Vmo CgHo$ {ejU H$m¶© ‘| A{V[a³V ê$n go
EH$ AÀN>o {‘ñÌr ¶m H$marJa Ho$ ~mao ‘| ¶h {ZpíMV ê$n go H$hm hr ghm¶Vm H$aZo Ho$ H$m‘ ‘| AmVr h¡ AWm©V² Xÿgao eãXm| ‘| {ejU
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&

n¥îR> 296 {ejU A{YJ‘ H$s ì¶yh aMZm Ed§ {d{Y¶m± àJʶ
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
à{d{Y¶m±, {ejU {d{Y¶m| H$s nyaH$ hmoVr h¢, {OÝh| H$moB© AܶmnH$ 15.11.2 {ejU à{d{Y¶m±
{H$gr {ejU {d{Y H$m à¶moJ H$aVo hþE A{V[a³V ê$n go Bg{bE 1. {ddaU à{d{Y
H$m‘ ‘| bmVm h¡ Vm{H$ {ejU CÔoí¶m| H$mo gabVm go àmá {H$¶m 2. dU©Z à{d{Y
Om gHo$& CXmhaU Ho$ {bE ^mfm ‘| ì¶mH$aU gå~ÝYr àH$aU 3. ì¶m»¶m à{d{Y
{deofU Am¡a CgHo$ àH$ma H$mo n‹T>mZo hoVw AmJ‘Z {d{Y H$m à¶moJ 4. {S´>b à{d{Y
H$aZm AnZo Amn ‘| nyU© h¡, naÝVw Bgo Am¡a AÀN>r Vah n‹T>mZo 5. nwZ… Aä¶mg à{d{Y
hoVw hr AܶmnH$ Ûmam Hw$N> C{MV à{d{Y¶m| O¡go dU©Z, ì¶m»¶m 6. AÝdofU à{d{Y
VWm ÑîQ>mÝV Am{X H$m Cn¶moJ {H$¶m OmVm h¡& Bg Vah à{d{Y¶m±, BZ {d{Y¶m| VWm à{d{Y¶m| H$s {dñV¥V ì¶m»¶m Bg Aܶm¶ ‘| Xr JB© h¡&
{d{Y¶m| H$mo Am¡a A{YH$ gmW©H$ Am¡a à^mdnyU© ~ZmZo hoVw hr H$m‘
‘| bm¶r OmVr h¡, ñdVÝÌ ê$n go {ejU H$m¶© BZHo$ Ûmam gånÝZ
Zht {H$¶m OmVm& 15.12 ¶moOZm {ejU {d{Y

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4. {ejU {d{Y ‘| H¡$go H$s ^mdZm H$m¶©erb hmoVr h¡ O~{H$ {ejU
à{d{Y ‘| {H$gHo$ gmW H$m ‘w»¶ ^md {Z{hV hmoVm h¡& {ejU
à{d{Y¶m| ‘| ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ Ed§ Vm{H©$H$ njm| na {deof ܶmZ {X¶m
OmVm h¡& ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ nj Ho$ AZwgma {ejU à{d{Y H$m MwZmd
{ejmWu H$s ê${M, ‘Zmod¥[Îm, Amdí¶H$Vm Ed§ ~m¡{ÕH$ n[an³dVm H$mo
ÑpîQ>JV aIVo hþE {H$¶m OmVm h¡& Vm{H©$H$ nj Ho$ AZwgma {ejU
à{d{Y H$mo H«$‘~Õ Ed§ VH©$nyU© T>§J go {ejU H$s à{H«$¶m ‘| Omo‹S>m
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¶moOZm {d{Y {ejU H$s ZdrZ {d{Y ‘mZr OmVr h¡& BgH$m {dH$mg {ejm ‘|
gm‘m{OH$ àd¥[Îm Ho$ ’$bñdê$n hþAm h¡& {ejm Bg àH$ma H$s Xr OmZr Mm{hE
Omo OrdZ H$mo g‘W© ~Zm gHo$& BgHo àdV©H$ S>ãë¶y. EM. {H$bn¡{Q´>H$ Om°Z
S>rdr Ho$ {eî¶ Wo& ¶h {d{Y AZw^d-Ho$pÝÐV hmoVr h¡& ~mbH$m| Ho$ g‘mOrH$aU
na {deof ~b XoVr h¡& gm‘m{OH$ {df¶m| Ho$ {ejU ‘| Bgo ^br àH$ma à¶w³V
{H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡&

OmVm h¡& 15.12.1 ñdê$n

5. AܶmnH$ AnZr {ejU {d{Y Ho$ AmYma na {ejU H$m EH$ ì¶mnH$
ñdê$n {ZpíMV H$a boVm h¡, {H$ÝVw {ejU CÔoí¶ H$s àm{á Ho$ {bE
Cgo AZoH$ {ejU à{d{Y¶m| H$mo A{dbå~ J«hU H$aZm n‹S>Vm h¡&
6. {ejU {d{Y Ho$ AÝVJ©V {ejU H$s {Xem Ed§ J{V {ZYm©[aV hmoVr h¡
Am¡a CgH$m grYm gå~ÝY {ejU-CÔooí¶ go hmoVm h¡, {H$ÝVw {ejU
à{d{Y H$m gå~ÝY [ejU H$s ‘w»¶ {d{Y AWdm nÕ{V go hmoVm h¡&
7. {ejU à{d{Y¶m| H$m {ejU CÔoí¶ go à˶j gå~ÝY Z hmoH$a namoj
gå~ÝY hmoVm h¡&
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BgH$m ñdê$n Bg àH$ma h¡-
1. N>mÌm| Ho$ OrdZ go gå~pÝYV g‘ñ¶mAm| H$mo dmñV{dH$ ê$n ‘|
àñVwV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& N>mÌ g‘ñ¶m H$s AZw^y{V H$aVo h¢&
2. g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ Ho$ {b¶o ¶moOZm V¡¶ma H$s OmVr h¡&
3. BgHo$ {b¶o AZoH$ gyMZmAm| H$mo EH${ÌV {H$¶m OmVm h¡&
4. {ejH$ Ho$db {ZX}eZ H$m H$m¶© H$aVm h¡& N>mÌ ñd¶§ {df¶dñVw
gm‘J«r H$m Aܶ¶Z H$aHo$ g‘ñ¶m H$m g‘mYmZ H$aVo h¢&

15.12.2 A{Y{Z¶‘
¶h {d{Y {ZåZ{b{IV A{Y{Z¶‘m| na AmYm[aV h¡-
15.11 {ejU {d{Y¶m| Ed§ à{d{Y¶m| Ho$ àH$ma 1. N>mÌm| ‘| gm‘m{OH$ JwUm| VWm gh¶moJ H$s ^mdZm H$m {dH$mg hmoVm
{ejU {d{Y¶m| Ed§ {ejU à{d{Y¶m| H$m dJuH$aU {ZåZ àH$ma {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡, ³¶m|{H$ CÝh| g‘yh ‘| H$m¶© H$aZm n‹S>Vm h¡&
h¡- 2. N>mÌ A{YH$ {H«$¶merb ahVm h¡ VWm ñd¶§ AZw^d H$aHo$ grIVm h¡&
3. Bg‘| Cn¶mo{JVm H$mo {deof ‘hÎd {X¶m OmVm h¡&
15.11.1 {ejU {d{Y¶m± 4. g‘ñ¶m H$m gå~ÝY N>mÌm| Ho$ OrdZ go hmoVm h¡&
1. ¶moOZm {d{Y 5. N>mÌ ñdVÝÌ dmVmdaU ‘| ñdm^m{dH$ ê$n go H$m¶© H$aVm h¡&
2. àíZ {d{Y 6. A{YJ‘ n[apñW{V ‘| H¥${Ì‘Vm Zht hmoVr h¡&
3. AZwdJ© {ejU {d{Y
4. e¡{jH$ Iob {d{Y 15.12.3 ¶moOZm Ho$ ê$n
5. AZwH$aUr¶ {d{Y {H$bn¡{Q´>H$ Zo ¶moOZmAm| H$mo Mma dJm] ‘| {d^m{OV {H$¶m h¡-
6. {ZarjU {d{Y
1. aMZmˑH$
7. nmR>-àXe©Z {d{Y
8. ImoO {d{Y {Og‘| N>mÌ {H$gr H$m¶© H$mo gånÝZ H$a gH|$&
9. ~o«Z ñQ>maq‘J 2. g‘ñ¶m
10. n[an¥ÀN>m {d{Y Ho$pÝÐV N>mÌm| Ho$ g‘j g‘ñ¶m àñVwV H$s Om¶o, {Oggo do CgHo$ g‘mYmZ
Ty>±T>Zo H$m à¶mg H$a gH|$&
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
àJʶ {ejU A{YJ‘ H$s ì¶yh aMZm Ed§ {d{Y¶m±
3. gm‘y{hH$ Aä¶mg
N>mÌm| H$mo Eogm H$m¶© {X¶m Om¶o, {Ogo do gm‘y{hH$ ê$n ‘| Aä¶mg H$aHo$ nyam
H$a gH|$&
4. H$bmˑH$
Eogr g‘ñ¶mAm| H$m g‘mYmZ H$aHo$, {Oggo CZH$s gm¡ÝX¶m©Zw^y{V H$s j‘VmAm|
H$m {dH$mg hmo gHo$&
15.12.4 ¶moOZm Ho$ gmonmZ
g^r àH$ma H$s ¶moOZmAm| ‘| {ZåZ{b{IV gmonmZm| H$m AZwgaU {H$¶m OmVm
h¡-
1. àW‘ gmonmZ - N>mÌm| Ho$ OrdZ go gå~pÝYV g‘ñ¶m H$m M¶Z&
2. {ÛVr¶ gmonmZ - g‘ñ¶m M¶Z VWm CgHo$ ñdê$n H$mo g‘PZm&
3. V¥Vr¶ gmonmZ - g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ Ho$ {b¶o ¶moOZm V¡¶ma H$aZm&
4. MVwW© gmonmZ - ¶moOZm H$mo [H«$¶mpÝdV H$aZm&
5. n§M‘ gmonmZ - ¶moOZm H$m ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$aZm&
6. fîQ>‘ gmonmZ - ¶moOZm H$m AmboI V¡¶ma H$aZm&
15.12.5 {deofVmE±
BgH$s {ZåZ{b{IV {deofVmE± h¢-
1. N>mÌm| H$mo ‘m¡{bH$ {MÝVZ, {H«$¶mAm| VWm AZw^dm| Ûmam grIZo H$m
Adga {‘bVm h¡&
2. N>mÌm| H$mo ZdrZ kmZ OrdZ go gå~pÝYV H$aHo$ {X¶m OmVm h¡&
Bg{b¶o ¶h A{YH$ Cn¶moJr hmoVm h¡, N>mÌ ê${M boVo h¢&
3. N>mÌm| ‘| gyP H$s j‘VmAm| H$m {dH$mg hmoVm h¡&
4. ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ VWm gm‘m{OH$ A{Y{Z¶‘m| na AmYm[aV h¡&
5. {dÚmb¶ Ho$ g^r {df¶m| H$mo g‘pÝdV ê$n ‘| n‹T>m¶m OmVm h¡& Bggo
~moYJå¶Vm A{YH$ hmoVr h¡&
6. N>mÌ ‘§o kmZ Ho$ gmW gm‘m{OH$ JwUm| H$m {dH$mg hmoVm h¡&
15.12.6 gr‘mE±
BgH$s gr‘mE± {ZåZ àH$ma h¢-
1. {df¶m| H$mo H«$‘~Õ ê$n ‘| Zht {X¶m OmVm h¡&
2. ¶moOZmAm| H$mo dmñV{dH$ ê$n XoZo Ho$ {b¶o A{YH$ 춶 H$aZm hmoVm
h¡&
3. g^r {df¶m| VWm {df¶ H$s g‘ñV nmR²>¶dñVw Ho$ {b¶o ¶moOZm {d{Y
à¶w³V Zht H$s Om gH$Vr h¡&
4. g^r gm‘m{OH$ JwUm| H$m {dH$mg Zht {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡& A{YJ‘
Ho$ g^r CÔooí¶m| H$mo àmá Zht {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡&
5. CÀM H$jmAm| ‘| Bgo à¶moJ Zhr§ {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡&
6. {df¶m| H$m kmZ H«$‘~Õ ê$n ‘| Zht {X¶m OmVm h¡&
15.12.7 gwPmd
BgHo$ à¶moJ ‘| {ZåZ{b{IV gmdYm{Z¶m± aIZr Mm{hE-
1. H¥${f {dÚmb¶m| ‘| BgH$m à¶moJ H$aZm Mm{hE&
n¥îR> 297
2. VH$ZrH$s à{ejU g§ñWmAm| ‘| à¶moJ H$aZm Mm{hE&
3. ¶moOZm H$s g‘ñ¶m {‘V춶r hmoZr Mm{hE&
4. BgH$mo EH$ ghm¶H$ {ejU {d{Y Ho$ ê$n ‘| à¶moJ H$aZm Mm{hE&
15.13 àíZ {d{Y
{ejU à{H«$¶m ‘| àíZm| H$m à¶moJ H$B© CÔooí¶m| go {H$¶m OmVm h¡& H$^r-H$^r
àíZm| Ûmam A{^àoaU OmJ«V {H$¶m OmVm h¡& àíZm| H$mo ~ZmZm VWm nyN>Zm EH$
H$bm h¡& EH$ Hw$eb AܶmnH$ dh hmoVm h¡ Omo Hw$eb àíZH$Îmm© h¡& Q>r. ao‘ÊQ>
Ho$ ‘VmZwgma-
à˶oH$ {ejH$ H$s ¶h AmH$m§jm hmoZr Mm{hE {H$ dh ghr Ed§ gwÝXa àíZ H$aZo H$s
¶mo½¶Vm àmá H$ao&
àíZm| Ho$ ‘mܶ‘ go ~mbH$ Ho$ ‘pñVîH$ H$mo {H«$¶merb ~Zm¶m OmVm
h¡& BgHo$ A{V[a³V àíZm| H$m Cn¶moJ {ZåZ{b{IV CÔoí¶m| Ho$ {b¶o {H$¶m
OmVm h¡-
1. ~mbH$ Ho$ nyd©kmZ, ‘ZmoXem, ê${M Ed§ g‘ñ¶mAm| go AdJV hmoZo
Ho$ {b¶o&
2. ~mbH$ H$s ê${M Ed§ ܶmZ H$mo AmH${f©V H$aZo Ho$ {Z{‘Îm&
3. ~mbH$ Ho$ nyd© AZw^dm§o H$mo ZdrZ AZw^dm| go Omo‹S>Zo H$s ÑpîQ> go&
4. ~mbH$ Ho$ ~m¡{ÕH$ {dH$mg Ed§ CnbpãY¶m| H$mo EH$ {ZpíMV J{V Ed§
{Xem àXmZ H$aZo Ho$ {b¶o&
5. ~mbH$ H$s {dMma Ed§ {díbofU ep³V H$mo {dH${gV H$aZo Ho$ {Z{‘Îm&
6. nmR²>¶dñVw H$s nwZamd¥{Îm Ed§ ^br àH$ma ì¶m»¶m àñVwV H$aZo H$s
ÑpîQ> go&
7. àmá kmZ VWm AZw^d H$m ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$aZo Ho$ {b¶o Bg ÑpîQ> go nyN>o
OmZo dmbo àíZm| H$mo narjmË‘H$ àíZ H$s g§km Xr OmVr h¡&
15.13.1 àíZm| Ho$ àH$ma
gmYmaUV… àíZm| Ho$ Xmo àH$ma hmoVo h¢-
1. {ejmË‘H$ àíZ
2. narjmË‘H$ àíZ
{ejmË‘H$ àíZm| H$m à¶moJ nmR> H$mo {dH${gV H$aZo, ZdrZ kmZ VWm
AZw^dmo§ H$mo ~mbH$ VH$ nh°þ§MmZo Ed§ {df¶ H$s dmñV{dH$ AZw^y{V OJmZo Ho$
{bE {H$¶m OmVm h¡, O~{H$ narjmË‘H$ àíZ {df¶ na A{YH$ma, nyd©kmZ VWm
dV©‘mZ CnbpãY H$s Om±M H$aZo Ho$ {b¶o {H$E OmVo h¢& à˶oH$ narjm ‘| àíZm|
H$m à¶moJ An[ahm¶© VWm Adí¶å^mdr h¡& añH$ Ho$ AZwgma-
{ejmË‘H$ àíZm| Ûmam {dMma-{H«$¶m {dH${gV hmoVr h¡ VWm narjmË‘H$ àíZm| Ûmam
ñ‘¥{V nj H$mo ~‹T>mdm {‘bVm h¡&
H$hZo H$m A[^àm¶ ¶h h¡ {H$ {ejmË‘H$ àíZm| H$s ghm¶Vm go N>mÌ H$s
{dMma Ed§ H$ënZm e[³V VWm narjmË‘H$ àíZm| Ho$ ‘mܶ‘ go CgH$s ñ‘¥{V
e[³V H$m {dH$mg ‘w»¶ bú¶ hmoVm h¡& {H$gr nmR> H$mo n‹T>mVo g‘¶ gm‘mݶV…
{ZåZ{b{IV ñVam| na àíZm| H$m à¶moJ Amdí¶H$ h¡-
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
n¥îR> 298 {ejU A{YJ‘ H$s ì¶yh aMZm Ed§ {d{Y¶m±
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
1. àñVmdZm àíZ Ho$ ñVa na
O~ nmR> H$mo àmaå^ H$aZm hmo, Vmo {df¶ H$s ^y{‘H$m VWm Amapå^H$ n¥îR>^y{‘
{Z{‘©V H$aZo Ho$ {b¶o àíZm| H$s ghm¶Vm br OmVr h¡&
2. {dH$mgmË‘H$ àíZ ñVa na
O~ nmR> Amaå^ hmo OmVm h¡, Vmo {df¶ H$m àñVwVrH$aU H$aZo H$s ÑpîQ> go
àíZm| H$m nyN>m OmZm Amdí¶H$ hmoVm h¡& Eogo àíZ nmR> Ho$ Vm{H©$H$ {dH$mg Ho$
{b¶o A˶ÝV ‘hÎdnyU© h¡&
3. nwZamd¥[Îm àíZ Ho$ ñVa na
{df¶ H$mo XmohamZo Ed§ Cg na Aä¶mg H$amZo Ho$ {b¶o àíZm|o H$m nyN>m OmZm
bm^Xm¶H$ hmoVm h¡& S>o{dg Ho$ AZwgma-
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àíZm| H$m ‘w»¶ bú¶ h¡- kmZ H$mo R>mog H$aZm, {dMmam| H$mo ¶WmñWmZ aIZm VWm
gwì¶dpñWV ê$n XoZm&
4. nmR> Ho$ ‘yë¶m§H$Z Ho$ ñVa na
O~ nyao nmR> Ho$ ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$s AdñWm AmVr h¡, Vmo àíZm| H$s ghm¶Vm boZr
n‹S>Vr h¡& Bg ñVa na {Z~ÝYZmË‘H$ ê$n VWm dñVw{ZîR> ê$n XmoZm| hr àH$ma
Ho$ àíZm| H$m à¶moJ H$aZm Amdí¶H$ hmoVm h¡&
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15.13.2 AÀN>o àíZm| Ho$ bjU
Hw$eb Ed§ à^mdembr {ejU Ho$ {b¶o AÀN>o àíZm| H$m à¶moJ {ZVmÝV Amdí¶H$
h¡& AÀN>o àíZm| H$mo {Z{‘©V H$aZo Ho$ {b¶o {ejH$ ‘| gyP-~yP, Aä¶mg
‘mZ{gH$ j‘Vm VWm {ejU H$s g‘ñ¶mAm| H$mo ^br àH$ma g‘PZo H$s ¶mo½¶Vm
H$m hmoZm Ano{jV h¡& {ejU EH$ A˶ÝV J˶mË‘H$ à{H«$¶m h¡& AV… AÀN>o
àíZm| Ho$ {~Zm {ejU ¶ÝÌdV² Ed§ ê${‹T>dmXr ~Z OmVm h¡& Bg ÑpîQ> go AÀN>o
àíZm| H$s {deofVmAm| go AdJV hmoZm Amdí¶H$ h¡& AÀN>o àíZm| Ho$ ‘w»¶ bjU
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Bg àH$ma h¢-
1. AÀN>o àíZm| H$s n[a^mfm gab, ewÕ VWm ñnîQ> hmoVr h¡& ~mbH$ CZ
àíZm| H$mo g‘PZo ‘|o H${R>ZmB© H$m AZw^d Zht H$aVm h¡&
2. AÀN>o àíZm| H$m ñdê$n g§{já VWm grYm hmoVm h¡& CZ‘| gab
dm³¶ hr A{YH$Va à¶w³V hmoVo h¢&
3. AÀN>o àíZm| H$m AW© {ZpíMV hmoVm h¡& CZ‘| H$B© AW© ¶m ^md
à{VÜd{ZV Zht hmoVo&
4. AÀN>o àíZm| Ho$ CÎma {dMmamoÎmoOH$ Ed§ ~mbH$ H$s ‘mZ{gH$ àm¡‹T>Vm
Ho$ AZwHy$b hmoVo h¢& BZHo$ CÎma {ZH$mbZo ‘| H$moB© H${R>ZmB© Zht
CËnÝZ hmoVr&
5. AÀN>o àíZm| H$m nañna gå~ÝY H«${‘H$ VWm ì¶dñWmnyU© hmoVm h¡&
do EH$ Xÿgao go H«$‘nyd©H$ Ow‹S>o hmoVo h¢&
6. AÀN>o àíZm| H$s Cn¶w³VVm ~mbH$ H$s ‘mZ{gH$ ¶mo½¶Vm, ê${M,
{dH$mg H$s AdñWm VWm {df¶ H$s ÑpîQ> go n¶m©á ê$n ‘| hmoVr h¡&
15.13.3 àíZm| Ho$ Hw$N> XmofnyU© ê$n
{ejU {H«$¶m H$mo Aà^mdnyU© ~ZmZo ‘| XmofnyU© àíZm| H$m ~hþV ~‹S>m hmW ahVm
h¡& Eogo àíZ AܶmnH$ H$s AHw$ebVm Ed§ {ZH¥$îQ> H$mo{Q> H$s gyP-~yP Ho$
àJʶ
n[aMm¶H$ hmoVo h¢& {ejU H$s Ag’$bVm ~hþV Hw$N> Eogo àíZm| na {Z^©a H$aVr
h¡& àíZm| Ho$ Hw$N> XmofnyU© ê$nm| H$s gyMr AmJo àñVwV H$s Om ahr h¡&
1. à{VÜdݶmË‘H$ àíZ
O~ àíZ ‘| Hw$N> Eogo V϶ {Z{hV hmoVo h¢ {OZgo CÎma à{VÜd{ZV hmo OmVm h¡,
Vmo Eogo àíZm| H$mo à{VÜdݶmË‘H$ H$hm OmVm h¡& CXmhaUmW©-CÎma àXoe H$s
amOYmZr bIZD$ h¡- bIZD$ ³¶m h¡? Eogr aMZm ‘| CÎma ~‹S>r gabVmnyd©H$
{ZH$b OmVm h¡ Am¡a ~mbH$ H$mo {dMma H$aZo H$m Adga Zht {‘b nmVm h¡&
~mbH$ H$m ܶmZ {df¶ H$s Amoa AmH${f©V Zht hmo nmVm& Eogo àíZ B{bpßQ>H$b
^r H$ho OmVo h¢&
2. hm± ¶m Zht ê$n àíZ
Eogo àíZm| Ho$ CÎma hm± ¶m Zht Ho$ ê$n ‘| XoZm hmoVm h¡, {Oggo ~mbH$ gmoMZo H$s
Amoa àd¥Îm Zht hmoVo h¢& O¡go- ³¶m {Ì^wO Ho$ VrZm| H$moUm| H$m ¶moJ Xmo g‘H$moU
Ho$ ~am~a hmoVm h¡? ³¶m Bg H${dVm ‘| Xoe ào‘ H$m ^md àH$Q> {H$¶m J¶m h¡?
Am{X Eogo àíZ N>mÌm| H$mo {~Zm gmoMo-g‘Po CÎma XoZo Ho$ {b¶o àmoËgm{hV H$aVo
h¢& Eogo àíZ H$^r-H$^r CÎma H$s Amoa g§Ho$V H$aVo h¢& O¡go- ³¶m lr‘Vr
BpÝXam Jm±Yr AnZo Xoe H$s àYmZ‘ÝÌr Wr? Bg àíZ H$mo gm§Ho${VH$ H$hZm
A{YH$ C{MV hmoJm, ³¶m|{H$ Bg‘| àíZ Ho$ CÎma Ho$ à{V g§Ho$V CnbãY h¢&
3. nwpîQ>H$maH$ àíZ
Eogo àíZ {OZHo$ AÝV ‘| R>rH$ h¡ Am{X ñdrH$mamo[³V Ow‹S>r ahVr h¡, do N>mÌm| H$s
{dMma-{H«$¶m H$mo Hw$pÊR>V ~Zm XoVo h¢& ~mbH$ gmoMH$a CÎma Xo ahm h¡ AWdm
Zht, Eogo àíZm| ‘| ¶h nVm bJmZm H${R>Z h¡& O¡go- AnZm Xoe àOmVmpÝÌH$
emgZ Ho$ AmYrZ h¡, R>rH$ h¡ Z? Bg Vah Ho$ àíZ {ZVmÝV XmofnyU© h¢& BZHo$
Ûmam ~mbH$m| H$mo ñdVÝÌ {MÝVZ H$s Amoa AmH¥$îQ> H$amZo ‘| ~mYm nh±þMVr h¡&
4. Ab§H$m[aH$ àíZ
àíZm| H$s ^mfm Ab§H$m[aH$ Zht hmoZr Mm{hE& Eogo AܶmnH$, {OÝh| {ejU
AZw^d Zht hmoVm do àíZ nyN>Vo g‘¶ Ab§H$m[aH$ ^mfm à¶w³V H$aZo ‘| Jd©
H$m AZw^d H$aVo h¢& O¡go ZmJ[aH$ emñÌ ‘| Eogo àíZm| H$m CXmhaU AmJo {X¶m
Om ahm h¡-
1. ^maV-‘mVm H$mo XmgVm H$s ~o{‹S>¶m| go ‘w³V H$amZo H$m Anma lo¶
{H$gH$mo h¡?
2. amîQ´>n{V Xoe H$s godm H$m d«V {b¶m hþAm AZݶ Xoe ào‘r emgH$
hmoVm h¡&
BZ àíZm| H$s Ab§H$m[aH$Vm Ho$ H$maU N>mÌ {dMmaerb Zht ~Zm¶o Om
gH$Vo& do ^mfm Ho$ AmS>å~a ‘| BYa-CYa ~hH$ gH$Vo h¢& AV… {ejH$ H$mo
Mm{hE {H$ dh Eogo àíZm| H$m à¶moJ H$Xm{n Z H$ao&
5. A{ZpíMV g§{X½Y VWm Aàmg§{JH$ àíZ
àíZm| H$mo CÎma H$s ÑpîQ> go {ZpíMV H$a XoZm Amdí¶H$ h¡& A{ZpíMV CÎma
dmbo àíZ ~mbH$ Ho$ ‘pñVîH$ H$mo ^«‘Omb ‘| ’±$gm XoVo h¢& Bgr Vah àíZ
‘| Wmo‹S>m ^r g§Xoh Ho$ {b¶o ñWmZ Zht hmoZm Mm{hE& O~ àíZ Ho$ Ûmam ~mbH$
Ho$ ‘Z ‘| {H$gr Vah H$s Eogr e§H$m CËnÝZ hmo OmVr h¡, Omo {ZamYma hmo, Vmo
àíZ H$mo XmofnyU© g‘PZm Mm{hE& àíZm| H$m {df¶ go gå~pÝYV Z hmoZm ^r
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
àJʶ {ejU A{YJ‘ H$s ì¶yh aMZm Ed§ {d{Y¶m±
AZwgy{MV h¡& {~Zm àg§Jde àíZm| H$m nyN>m OmZm {ejU {H«$¶m H$s H$‘Omoar
‘mZr OmVr h¡&
6. EH$ go A{YH$ CÎma dmbo àíZ
Eogo àíZ {OZ‘| EH$ go A{YH$ CÎma H$s Amdí¶H$Vm n‹S>Vr h¡, H$^r Zht nyN>o
OmZo Mm{hE& O¡go… ‘hmË‘m Jm±Yr H$s ‘¥Ë¶w H$~ Am¡a H¡$go hþB©? àW‘ ñdVÝÌVm
g§J«m‘ H$hm± Am¡a {H$g àH$ma ewê$ hþAm? Am{X& Eogo àíZ Xmo ^mJm| ‘| ~m±Q> H$a
nyN>o OmZo Mm{hE& ¶o àíZm| Ho$ XmofnyU© ê$nm| Ho$ Hw$N> Z‘yZo h¢& AܶmnH$ Aݶ H$B©
Vah H$s ^yb| àíZ Ho$ JR>Z, ^mfm VWm AmH$ma Ho$ ~mao ‘| H$a gH$Vm h¡& BZ
Xmof-¶w³V àíZm| H$mo {Z{‘©V H$aZo go gå~pÝYV Xmofm| Ho$ A{V[a³V Hw$N> Aݶ
Xmof CZHo$ nyN>Zo Ho$ T>§J VWm {dVaU Am{X go Ow‹S>o hmoVo h¢& Bgr{b¶o àíZm| Ho$
nyN>Zo H$s {d{Y na {dMma H$a boZm Amdí¶H$ h¡&
15.13.4 àíZ nyN>Zo H$s {d{Y
àíZ nyN>Zm ^r EH$ H$bm h¡& {ejH$ H$mo Ho$db ewÕ, ñnîQ> Ed§ gab àíZm| Ho$
nyN>Zo H$m hr Aä¶mgr Z ~ZH$a CÝh| C{MV T>§J go N>mÌm| Ho$ gå‘wI aIZo H$s
Hw$ebVm ^r A{O©V H$aZr Mm{hE& àíZ nyN>Vo g‘¶ {OZ {deof ~mVm| na ܶmZ
XoZm Amdí¶H$ h¡, do Bg àH$ma h¢-
1. {H$gr N>mÌ {deof H$m Zm‘ boH$a àíZ Zht nyN>Zm Mm{hE& ¶{X àíZ
nyN>Zo Ho$ nhbo ¶m g‘H$mb hr {H$gr N>mÌ {deof H$mo CgH$m CÎma
XoZo Ho$ {b¶o H$h {X¶m OmVm h¡, Vmo H$jm Ho$ Aݶ N>mÌ Ü¶mZ Zht
XoVo&
2. àíZm| Ho$ nyN>Zo ‘| Z hr ~hþV erK«Vm Am¡a Z hr A{YH$ {e{WbVm H$m
{gÕmÝV AnZmZm Mm{hE& ~hþV OëXr-OëXr àíZ nyN>Zo go N>mÌ
H$s ~moYJå¶Vm à^m{dV hmoVr h¡& Bgr àH$ma ~hþV {dbå~ Ho$ gmW
àíZm| Ho$ nyN>o OmZo go ~mbH$ H$s {Okmgm {dH${gV Zht hmo nmVr&
3. àíZm| H$m {dVaU H$jm Ho$ g^r N>mÌm| na g‘mZ ê$n ‘| hmo& {H$gr
EH$ hr N>mÌ go ~ma-~ma àíZ nyN>Zm R>rH$ Zht h¡& Bgr Vah Ho$db
AmJo dmbo N>mÌm| go hr àíZ nyN>Zo go nrN>o ¶m AÝ¶Ì ~¡R>Zo dmbo N>mÌ
{df¶ ‘| ê${M Zht boVo VWm H$jm-ì¶dñWm H$s g‘ñ¶m CËnÝZ
hmo gH$Vr h¡&
4. àíZ nyN>Zo Ho$ nhbo AZmdí¶H$ eãX ¶m dm³¶ Zht à¶w³V hmoZo
Mm{hE& O¡go- AÀN>m ~VmAm| Vw‘ bmoJm| ‘| go H$m¡Z-H$m¡Z ~Vm gH$Vm
h¡? Am{X&
5. àíZm| H$s nwZamd¥[Îm Zht hmoZr Mm{hE& àíZ Ho$db EH$ ~ma hr nyN>m
OmE Vmo A{YH$ C{MV hmoJm& ^mfm Ho$ {ejU ‘| àíZm| H$m XþhamZm
bm^Xm¶H$ hmo gH$Vm h¡, {H$ÝVw Aݶ {df¶m| Ho$ {ejU ‘| àíZm| Ho$
XmohamZo go ~mbH$ ‘| AdYmZ ~‹T>Vm h¡&
6. EH$ hr T>§J go àíZ nyN>Zo go ~mbH$ ‘| Aê${M {dH${gV hmoVr h¡ Am¡a
dh {df¶ Ho$ à{V ܶmZ Zht Xo nmVm& AV… àíZm| Ho$ nyN>Zo Ho$ T>§J
‘| {d{dYVm bmZo H$s H$mo{ee H$aZr Mm{hE&
15.13.5 CÎma {ZH$bdmZm
àíZm| H$m nyN>Zm CVZm H${R>Z H$m¶© Zht h¡, {OVZm N>mÌm| Ûmam CZH$m CÎma
{ZH$bdmZm& àíZm| Ho$ CÎma go ~mbH$ H$s ‘ZmoXem Ed§ AZw^y{V H$m dmñV{dH$
n¥îR> 299
AZw‘mZ bJm¶m Om gH$Vm h¡& ~mbH$ O~ AewÕ ¶m Ag§JV CÎma XoVm h¡, Vmo
H$^r-H$^r AܶmnH$ AnZm Y¡¶© Imo ~¡R>Vo h¢ Am¡a AnZm ‘mZ{gH$ gÝVwbZ
{~Jm‹S> boVo h¢& Eogr Xem ‘| {ejU H$m¶© {d{YdV² gånÝZ Zht hmo gH$Vm& ¶h
AܶmnH$ H$s Ag’$bVm H$m àVrH$ h¡& ~mbH$ Ho$ AewÕ AWdm Aàmg§{JH$
CÎma H$mo R>rH$ H$aZo Ho$ {b¶o gd©àW‘ Aݶ ~mbH$m| H$s ghm¶Vm boZr Mm{hE&
¶{X do R>rH$ Z H$a gH|$, Vmo AܶmnH$ H$mo ñd¶§ CÎma ~Vm XoZm Mm{hE& H$^r-
H$^r N>mÌ {~Zm nyN>o ^r CÎma XoZo bJ OmVo h¢& Eogr àd¥{Îm H$mo amoH$Zm Mm{hE&
CÎma Ho$ ghr hmoZo na EH$X‘ hm± ¶m CÎm‘ H$hZm Mm{hE, bo{H$Z ¶{X àíZ
A{YH$ H${R>Z Z hmo, Vmo Eogm H$aZm C{MV Zht h¡&
CÎmam| H$mo R>rH$ H$aVo g‘¶ ^mfm VWm V϶ H$s Aew{Õ¶m| na {deof
ܶmZ XoZm Mm{hE& ¶{X H$moB© Eogr Aew{Õ ~mbH$ Ho$ CÎma ‘| hmo, Vmo Cgo
VËH$mb R>rH$ H$a XoZm Mm{hE&
15.14 AZwdJ© {ejU {d{Y
BgH$mo à^wËddmXr VWm àOmVÝÌdmXr XmoZm| àH$ma H$s {d{Y ‘mZVo h¢& ì¶m»¶mZ
{ejU {d{Y ‘| N>mÌm| H$s ì¶[³VJV H${R>ZmB¶m| H$mo {ejH$ go hb H$amZo H$m
Adga Zht {‘bVm h¡& Bg{bE H$jm H$mo N>moQ>-N>moQ>o gOmVr¶ dJm} ‘| ~m±Q>
{X¶m OmVm h¡& EH$ AZwdJ© H$mo EH$ {ejH$ H$mo gm¢n {X¶m OmVm h¡& dh {ejH$
AnZo AZwdJ© H$s g^r Aܶ¶Z gå~ÝYr H${R>ZmB¶m| Ho$ g‘mYmZ ‘| ghm¶Vm
H$aVm h¡& Bg àH$ma Ho$ {ejU H$mo AZwdJ© {ejU H$hm OmVm h¡& Bg‘| N>mÌm|
H$s ì¶[³VJV {^ÝZVm H$mo ‘hÎd {X¶m OmVm h¡& Bg‘| CnMmamË‘H$ {d{Y¶m|
H$m Cn¶moJ hmoVm h¡&
15.14.1 AZwdJ© {ejU {d{Y Ho$ A{Y{Z{¶‘
BgHo$ à‘wI A{Y{Z¶‘ Bg àH$ma h¢-
1. BgH$m à‘wI A{Y{Z¶‘ ì¶[³VJV {^ÝZVm H$m h¡&
2. N>mÌ-{ejH$ H$m gånH©$ {ZH$Q> H$m hmoVm h¡&
3. N>mÌm| H$mo e¡{jH$ {ZX}eZ {X¶m OmVm h¡&
4. ì¶[³VJV H${R>ZmB¶m| Ho$ g‘mYmZ H$m {ejU ‘| Adga {‘bVm h¡&
5. CnMmamË‘H$ {ejU H$s ì¶dñWm H$s OmVr h¡&
15.14.2 AZwdJ© {ejU Ho$ àH$ma
AZwdJ© {ejU H$s ì¶dñWm VrZ àH$ma go H$s OmVr h¡, Omo {ZåZ{b{IV h¢-
1. n¶©dojU AZwdJ© {ejU
Bg‘| N>mÌ VWm {ejH$ {Z¶{‘V ê$n go {‘bVo h¢& N>mÌ {Z~ÝYm| H$mo n‹T>Vo h¢
Am¡a {ejH$ Ho$ àíZm| H$m CÎma XoZo H$m à¶mg H$aVo h¢ VWm CZ na dmX-{ddmX
H$aVo h¢& ¶h {d{Y à{V^membr N>mÌm| Ho$ {b¶o A{YH$ à^mdembr ‘mZr OmVr
h¡& Bg‘| nmR²>¶-dñVw H$s JhZVm VWm ñdm{‘Ëd H$mo A{YH$ Adga àXmZ
{H$¶m OmVm h¡&
2. gm‘y{hH$ AZwdJ© {ejU
Bg àH$ma H$m {ejU gm‘mݶ ñVa Ho$ N>mÌm| Ho$ {b¶o A{YH$ Cn¶moJr hmoVm
h¡& ¶h CZH$s Amdí¶H$Vm H$s ny{V© H$aVm h¡& Bg‘| gm‘m{OH$ ‘Zmo{dkmZ H$s
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&

n¥îR> 300 {ejU A{YJ‘ H$s ì¶yh aMZm Ed§ {d{Y¶m±
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
n¥îR>^y{‘ hmoZm Amdí¶H$ hmoVm h¡& {ejH$ H$mo gm‘y{hH$ J{VerbVm H$m ~moY
hmoZm Mm{hE&
3. à¶moJmË‘H$ AZwdJ© {ejU
BgH$mo gm‘y{hH$ VWm ì¶[³VJV XmoZm| hr n[apñW{V¶m| ‘| à¶w³V {H$¶m OmVm h¡&
BgH$m à¶moJ {H«$¶mË‘H$ nj Ho$ CÔooí¶m| H$s àm{á Ho$ {b¶o A{YH$ {H$¶m OmVm
h¡& BgHo$ {b¶o N>mÌm| H$mo à¶moJembm, dH©$em°n Am{X ‘| H$m¶© H$aZm n‹S>Vm h¡&
BZHo$ Ûmam emar[aH$ H$m¡eb H$m {dH$mg {H$¶m OmVm h¡& BgH$m à¶moJ àm¡‹T>m| Ho$
{b¶o ^r à^mdembr T>§J go {H$¶m OmVm gH$Vm h¡, O~{H$ ì¶[³VJV AZwdJ©
{ejU N>moQ>o ~mbH$m| Ho$ {b¶o A{YH$ Cn¶moJr hmoVm h¡& AZwdJ© {ejU {d{Y H$s
ghm¶Vm go kmZmË‘H$ VWm ^mdmË‘H$ njm| Ho$ CÀM ñVam| Ho$ CÔoí¶m| H$s àm{á
àJʶ
15.15 e¡{jH$ Iob {d{Y
e¡{jH$ Iob {ejU AZwXoeZ Ho$ joÌ ‘| A^r hmb hr H$m ZdrZ àdV©Z h¡&
{OgHo$ Ûmam N>mÌm| H$mo Ano{jV grIZo Ho$ AZw^d àXmZ {H$¶o OmVo h¢& à¶moOZ
dmX Zo {ejm H$s à{H«$¶m H$mo AZw^d-Ho$[ÝÐV ‘mZm h¡ Am¡a N>mÌm| H$mo CZHo$ ^mdr
OrdZ Ho$ {b¶o V¡¶ma H$aZm h¡& Bg àH$ma H$s {ejm Ho$ {b¶o ¶moOZm {d{Y VWm
e¡{jH$ Iob CÎm‘ à{d{Y¶m± VWm {d{Y àUmbr ‘mZr OmVr h¢&
15.15.1 e¡{jH$ Iob {d{Y H$s n[a^mfm
e¡{jH$ Iob {d{Y H$s n[a^mfm Bg àH$ma h¡-
Xmo ¶m Xmo go A{YH$ {ZUm©¶H$m| Ho$ ‘ܶ {ZU©¶ boZo H$s ñdVÝÌ {H«$¶m VWm à{d{Y h¡,

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^br àH$ma H$s Om gH$Vr h¡& {Og‘| gr{‘V nmR²>¶dñVw go Ano{jV CÔoí¶m| H$mo àmá H$aZo H$m à¶mg {H$¶m OmVm h¡&
N>mÌm| H$mo OrdZ H$s n[apñW{V H$m dmñV{dH$ AZw^d àXmZ H$aZo H$m
15.14.3 AZwdJ© {ejU {d{Y Ho$ Cn¶moJ à¶mg {H$¶m OmVm h¡& {Oggo N>mÌ nyU©ê$noU ‘mZdr¶ ì¶dhma H$mo OrdZ H$s
Bg {d{Y Ho$ {ZåZ{b{IV Cn¶moJ hmoVo h¢- n[apñW{V ‘| g‘P gHo$& Bg {d{Y H$m ‘w»¶ CÔooí¶ gm‘m{OH$ n[apñW{V ‘|
1. ì¶[³VJV {ejU H$s ÑpîQ> go ¶h EH$ ~hþ‘yë¶ {d{Y g‘Pr OmVr ‘mZdr¶ AÝV… {H«$¶m H$aZm Omo ‘mZdr¶ ì¶dhma H$mo OrdZ ‘| {Z¶{‘V H$aVr
h¡& h¢& A{YH$m§e N>mÌ OrdZ Ho$ AmMaU Ed§ ‘mZdr¶ ì¶dhmam| H$mo gm‘m{OH$
2. {ejH$ H$mo CnMmamË‘H$ {ejU H$m Adga {‘bVm h¡&
n[apñW{V¶m| go hr grIVo h¢& BZ n[apñW{V¶m| ‘| N>mÌ Iob, {Ibm¡Zm| Ûmam
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3. N>mÌ Ho$ nyd© kmZ go A^md H$s ny{V© ^r H$s Om gH$Vr h¡&
Ano{jV {H«$¶mAm| H$mo H$aVo h¢& ¶h à{d{Y AZwH$aUr¶ {ejU VWm ZmQ>H$s¶
4. N>mÌ H$mo AnZr H${R>ZmB¶m| Ho$ g‘mYmZ H$m Adga {‘bVm h¡ Am¡a
à{d{Y Ho$ g‘mZ h¡&
{Zîn[Îm ñVa ~‹T>Vm h¡&
e¡{jH$ Iob ‘| gmYmaUV… gh¶moJ, g‘m¶moOZ, ‘ob ^md H$s ‘w»¶
5. {ejU CÔoí¶m| H$s àm{á A{YH$V‘ ê$n ‘| H$s Om gH$Vr h¡&
{deofVmAm| Ho$ {dH$mg H$mo ‘hÎd XoVo h¢& dmñV{dH$ OrdZ ‘| hma-OrV
15.14.4 AZwdJ© {ejU {d{Y H$s gr‘mE± gm‘m{OH$ VWm gmnoj hmoVr h¢& Hw$N> g‘yh Aݶ H$s Anojm A{YH$ g’$bVm
AZwdJ© {ejU H$s gr‘mE± {ZåZ{b{IV h¢- àmá H$aVo h¢, naÝVw Bg‘| ñnYm© H$m ^md Zht AmVm h¡&
1. {ejH$ njnmVnyU© ì¶dhma H$aVo h¢ Am¡a g^r N>mÌm| H$s H${R>ZmB¶m|
‘| ê${M Zht boVo h¢& 15.15.2 e¡{jH$ Iob Ho$ CÔoí¶
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2. A{YH$ ~mobZo dmbo N>mÌ Aݶ H$mo Adga Zht {‘bZo XoVo h¢&
3. EH$ {ejH$ g^r {df¶m| H$s H${R>ZmB¶m| Ho$ g‘mYmZ ‘| g‘W© Zht
hmoVm h¡& AnZo {df¶ ‘| A{YH$ ê${M boVm h¡&
4. H$jm Ho$ dJm] ‘| ñnYm© H$s ^mdZm H$m {dH$mg hmo OmVm h¡&
15.14.5 AZwdJ© {ejU {d{Y hoVw gwPmd
AZwdJ© {ejU hoVw gwPmd {ZåZ{b{IV h¢-
1. g‘mZ ¶mo½¶Vm AWdm g‘mZ H${R>ZmB© dmbo N>mÌm| H$mo EH$ dJ© ‘|
aIZm Mm{hE&
2. {ejH$ H$mo {Zînj ê$n ‘| AZwdJ© {ejU H$aZm Mm{hE&
3. {ejH$ H$s {Og {df¶ ‘| ê${M hmo CgHo$ H$‘Omoa N>mÌm| H$mo {ejU
Ho$ {b¶o Adga {X¶m OmZm Mm{hE&
4. N>mÌm| Ho$ g‘yh ~ZmVo g‘¶ {df¶ H$s H${R>ZmB© H$mo àYmZVm XoZr
Mm{hE&
5. EH$ hr {ejH$ H$mo g^r {df¶m| H$s H${R>ZmB¶m| H$m CÎmaXm{¶Ëd Zht
{X¶m OmZm Mm{hE&
6. à˶oH$ N>mÌ H$mo AnZr-AnZr H${R>ZmB¶m| H$mo 춳V H$aZo H$m
Adga {X¶m OmZm Mm{hE&
e¡{jH$ Iob {d{Y H$m Cn¶moJ {ZåZ{b{IV CÔooí¶m| H$s àm{á Ho$ {b¶o {H$¶m
OmVm h¡-
1. Q>H$amd H$s pñW{V Ho$ g‘mYmZ hoVw n[aH$ënZm H$m à{VnmXZ H$aZm
VWm àíZ CR>mZm&
2. n[aH$ënZmAm| H$s nwpîQ> hoVw OmZH$mar H$m {dH$mg H$aZm&
3. Eogr n[apñW{V CËnÝZ H$aZm {OgH$m AZw^d VWm H$m¡eb
dmñV{dH$ OrdZ H$s n[apñW{V¶m| ‘| ñWmZmÝV[aV H$aZm&
4. ‘yë¶m| Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘| {ZU©¶ boZm VWm ‘yë¶m| H$m OrdZ ‘| AZwgaU
H$aZm& Iob H$s n[apñW{V¶m± N>mÌm| ‘| A{YJ‘ Ho$ ñdm{‘Ëd H$m
{dH$mg H$aVr h¢& e¡{jH$ Iob Ûmam ‘yë¶m| H$m {díbofU H$aZm VWm
{ZU©¶ H$aZm {gIm¶m OmVm h¡&
15.15.3 e¡{jH$ Iob H$s à{H«$¶m
e¡{jH$ Iob H$s à{H«$¶m bMrbr hmoVr h¡& ¶h H$moB© gw{ZpíMV à{H«$¶m Zhr§ h¡,
{’$a ^r {ejm{dXm| Zo BgHo$ N>… gmonmZ {XE h¢-
1. àW‘ gmonmZ
e¡{jH$ Iob H$m {Z¶moOZ H$aZm, {Og‘| N>mÌm| H$s ^y{‘H$m {Zdm©h H$s gyMr
V¡¶ma H$s OmVr h¡ {Ogo MH«$s¶ H«$‘ ‘| ì¶dpñWV {H$¶m OmVm h¡&
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
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àJʶ {ejU A{YJ‘ H$s ì¶yh aMZm Ed§ {d{Y¶m±
2. {ÛVr¶ gmonmZ
{ejU Ho$ àH$aU H$m {ZU©¶ boZm VWm CgH$s V¡¶mar H$aZm, {Og‘| à˶¶m|
VWm H$m¡ebm| H$mo gw{ZpíMV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& {ejH$ N>mÌm| H$mo ^y{‘H$m ~‹S>r
g‘PXmar go XoVm h¡&
3. V¥Vr¶ gmonmZ
^y{‘H$m-{Zdm©h H$m H$m¶©H«$‘ V¡¶ma {H$¶m OmVm h¡ {H$ H$m¡Z N>mÌ Amaå^ H$aoJm
VWm H$m¡Z N>mÌ g‘má H$aoJm&
4. MVwW© gmonmZ
{ejH$ {ejU Ho$ {ZarjU VWm ‘yë¶m§H$Z {d{Y H$mo ^r gw{ZpíMV H$aVm h¡&
{H$g àH$ma H$s gyMZmAm| H$m AmboI V¡¶ma {H$¶m OmEJm, BgH$m ^r {ZU©¶
boVm h¡&
5. n§M‘ gmonmZ
{ejH$ H$m¶©H«$‘ H$mo Amaå^ H$aVm h¡ Am¡a N>mÌm| Ho$ H$m¶m] VWm CnbpãY¶m| H$mo
nwZ~©bZ ^r XoVm h¡& N>mÌm| H$mo H$m¶©H«$‘ H$s g^r ^y{‘H$mAm| H$m {Zdm©h H$aZm
hmoVm h¡ VWm {ejU gÌ g‘má hmoVm h¡&
6. fîQ>‘ gmonmZ
{ejH$ AnZo H$m¶©H«$‘ ‘| gwYma H$aVm h¡ N>mÌm| H$s {H«$¶mAm| VWm CnbpãY¶m|
Ho$ AmYma na n[adV©Z H$aVm h¡& N>mÌm| H$s {d{^ÝZ ^y{‘H$mAm| Ho$ AmYma na
{ejH$ {ZU©¶ boVm h¡ {H$ H$m¶©H«$‘ ‘| {H$g àH$ma H$m gwYma n[adV©Z Ano{jV
h¡&
15.15.4 e¡{jH$ Iob H$s {deofVmE±
e¡{jH$ Iob H$s {deofVmE± Bg àH$ma h¢-
1. ^y{‘H$m {Zdm©h Iob ‘| N>mÌm| H$mo dmñVd ‘| H$m¶© H$aZm hmoVm h¡&
^y{‘H$m {Zdm©h H$s n[apñW{V gm‘m{OH$ hmoVr h¡, {Og‘| AÝV…
à{H«$¶m hmoVr h¡&
2. {ejH$ Ho$ {b¶o BZ Iobm| H$m àmê$n Bg àH$ma V¡¶ma {H$¶m OmVm h¡
{Oggo ‘mZdr¶ ì¶dhmam| H$s J{VerbVm H$m {ejU {H$¶m Om gHo$
{Oggo gm‘m{OH$ g‘ñ¶m H$m g‘mYmZ H$a gH|$ VWm g‘m¶moOZ
H$a gH|$&
3. ^y{‘H$m {Zdm©h ‘| Eogr n[apñW{V¶m± CËnÝZ H$s OmVr h¢, {Og‘|
N>mÌm| H$mo {ZU©¶ boZm hmoVm h¡, g‘Pm¡Vm H$aZm hmoVm h¡, g‘m¶moOZ
H$aZm hmoVm h¡&
4. Iobm| ‘| {d{eîQ> n[apñW{V¶m| VWm AdñWmAm| Ho$ {b¶o Hw$N> {Z¶‘
^r ~Zm¶o OmVo h¢ {OZH$m N>mÌm| H$mo ^y{‘H$m {Zdm©h ‘| AZwgaU
H$aZm hmoVm h¡& {Z¶‘m| Ho$ AmYma na N>mÌm| H$s g’$bVm H$m {ZU©¶
{b¶m OmVm h¡&
5. ^y{‘H$m {Zdm©h H$s EH$ nÌmdbr ^r V¡¶ma H$s OmVr h¡& {Og‘|
gm‘m{OH$ n[apñW{V¶m| H$m dU©Z {H$¶m OmVm h¡, {OgHo$ AZwê$n
N>mÌm| H$mo ^y{‘H$m {Zdm©h H$aZm h¡&
6. {ejH$ N>mÌm| H$s ^y{‘H$m {Zdm©h H$s g’$bVm Ed§ Ag’$bVm H$m
‘yë¶m§H$Z H$aVm h¡ Am¡a N>mÌm| Ho$ {dH$mg hoVw gwPmd VWm nwZ~©bZ
n¥îR> 301
XoVm h¡&
15.15.5 e¡{jH$ Iob Ho$ CXmhaU
e¡{jH$ Iob {d{Y H$mo {ZåZ{b{IV CXmhaUm| go ñnîQ> {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡-
1. {dÚmb¶ VWm ‘hm{dÚmb¶m| ‘| N>mÌ g§K Ho$ MwZmd à{H«$¶m go
àOmVÝÌ ‘| ‘VXmZ H$aZo VWm CgHo$ ‘hÎd H$m kmZ hmoVm h¡&
2. ^maV Zo àOmVÝÌ OrdZ Ho$ T>§J H$mo ñdrH$ma {H$¶m h¡& àOmVÝÌ
ì¶dñWm ‘| ‘VXmZ àUmbr H$m {deof ‘hÎd h¡& g‘mO VWm amîQ´>
AnZo à{V{Z{Y¶m| H$m MwZmd H$aVm h¡& Bg àH$ma Ho$ AZw^d
{dÚmb¶ OrdZ ‘| hr àXmZ {H$¶o OmVo h¢&
3. à{V{Z{Y Ho$ MwZmd hmoZo na CÝh| AnZr ^y{‘H$mAm| Ho$ {Zdm©h H$m
^r AZw^d hmoVm h¡ {H$ gm‘y{hH$ {hV Ho$ H$m¶© {H$¶o Om¶|, {Og‘|
g^r H$m ^bm hmo&
4. N>mÌm| H$s g‘ñ¶mAm| H$mo H¡$go hb {H$¶m Om¶o AWdm CZHo$ gmW
g‘m¶moOZ {H$¶m Om¶o Bg àH$ma Ho$ AZw^d ^r CÝh| hmoVo h¢&
5. N>mÌm| ‘| ZoV¥Ëd Ho$ {dH$mg VWm ZoV¥Ëd Ho$ ^y{‘H$m {Zdm©h H$m kmZ
VWm AZw^d ^r àXmZ {H$¶m OmVm h¡&
Bg àH$ma MwZmd àUmbr ‘| N>mÌm| H$mo AZoH$ ^y{‘H$mAm| H$m {Zdm©h
H$aZm hmoVm h¡& ‘VXmVm Ho$ ê$n ‘|, Aä¶Wu Ho$ ê$n ‘|, AnZo Xb Ho$ gXñ¶ Ho$
ê$n ‘| VWm EH$ ZoVm Ho$ ê$n ‘| Am{X& ZmJ[aH$emñÌ {ejU ‘| Bg àH$ma Ho$
H$m¶©H«$‘m| H$s ì¶dñWm Aݶ àH$aUm| na ^r H$s Om gH$Vr h¡& n§MmXÝV àUmbr
H$mo ZmQ>H$s¶ T>§J go N>mÌm| H$mo ^y{‘H$m {Zdm©h H$m kmZ VWm AZw^d àXmZ {H$¶m
Om gH$Vm h¡& e¡{jH$ Iob à{d{Y Ho$ Ûmam àOmVmpÝÌH$ ‘yë¶m| VWm ^y{‘H$m
{Zdm©h H$m kmZ Ed§ AZw^d ^br àH$ma àXmZ {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡&
15.16 AZwH$aUr¶ {ejU {d{Y
Bg {d{Y H$m à¶moJ à{ejU g§ñWmAm| ‘| {H$¶m OmVm h¡& BgHo$ Ûmam gm‘m{OH$
H$m¡eb H$m {dH$mg {H$¶m OmVm h¡& nmR>-àXe©Z H$s Anojm AZwH$aUr¶ {ejU
H$mo A{YH$ ‘hÎd {X¶m OmZo bJm h¡, ³¶m|[H$ ¶h nmR>-àXe©Z H$s Anojm
A{YH$ à^mdembr hmoVr h¡&
15.16.1 ñdê$n
¶h EH$ ZmQ>H$s¶ {d{Y ‘mZr OmVr h¡& N>mÌm| H$mo BgHo$ Aä¶mg ‘| {ejH$ VWm
N>mÌ XmoZm| H$s ^y{‘H$m H$m {Zdm©h H$aZm n‹S>Vm h¡& N>mÌmܶmnH$ H$mo EH$ N>moQ>o
àH$aU H$mo AnZo gm{W¶m| H$mo hr n‹T>mZm n‹S>Vm h¡& CgHo$ Aݶ gmWr N>mÌm| H$s
^y{‘H$m {Z^mVo h¢& {ejU Ho$ H$m¶m]o H$s g‘rjm H$s OmVr h¡ Am¡a gwYma Ho$ {b¶o
gwPmd {X¶m OmVm h¡& BgHo$ ~mX Aݶ N>mÌmܶmnH$ {ejU H$aVo h¢&
15.16.2 A{Y{Z¶‘
¶h {d{Y {ZåZ{b{IV A{Y{Z¶‘m| na AmYm[aV h¡-
1. ñd¶§ H$m¶© H$aZo go A{YH$ grIm OmVm h¡&
2. dmñV{dH$ H$jm {ejU go nyd© CÝh| Aä¶mg H$m Adga {X¶m OmVm
h¡&
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&

n¥îR> 302 {ejU A{YJ‘ H$s ì¶yh aMZm Ed§ {d{Y¶m±
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
3. n¥îR>nmofU à{d{Y H$m à¶moJ {H$¶m OmVm h¡&
4. gm‘m{OH$ H$m¡eb H$m {dH$mg ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ A{Y{Z¶‘ Ho$ Cn¶moJ
go {H$¶m OmVm h¡&
15.16.3 gmonmZ
Bg‘| N>… gmonmZm| H$m AZwgaU {H$¶m OmVm h¡-
1. àW‘ gmonmZ - H$m¶©H«$‘ H$s ê$naoIm V¡¶ma H$s OmVr h¡&
2. {ÛVr¶ gmonmZ - N>mÌmܶmnH$ H$mo {ejH$, N>mÌ VWm {ZarjH$ H$s
^y{‘H$m H$~-H$~ {Z^mZr hmoJr, BgH$s ê$naoIm V¡¶ma H$s OmVr h¡&
3. V¥Vr¶ gmonmZ - N>mÌmܶmnH$ AnZo àH$aU H$m M¶Z H$aVm h¡&
Cggo gå~pÝYV {ejm-H$m¡eb Ho$ {d{eîQ> ê$n {ZpíMV H$a {b
àJʶ
4. dmñV{dH$ {ejm-{ejU go nyd© BgH$m Aä¶mg H$aZm Mm{hE&
15.17 {ZarjU {d{Y
¶Ú{n ì¶[³VËd AmH$bZ Ho$ ÑpîQ>H$moU go ¶h dñVw{ZîR> Zht ‘mZr OmVr,
{H$ÝVw {dkmZ Ho$ joÌ ‘| à¶moJmË‘H$ H$m¶© Bgr {d{Y H$m Cn¶moJ H$aHo$ Amaå^
{H$¶m OmVm h¡ Am¡a dhm± Bgo ¶WoîR> ê$n go dñVw{ZîR> ^r ~Zm¶m Om MwH$m h¡&
{ejm Ed§ ‘Zmo{dkmZ Ho$ joÌ ‘| {d{Y H$m Cn¶moJ ‘w»¶V… gd}jU Am¡a
{Z¶pÝÌV à¶moJm| ‘| {H$¶m OmVm h¡& BgH$s Cn¶mo{JVm H$mo XoIVo hþE A~ Bgo
Bg joÌ ‘| ^r ¶Wmím[³V dñVw{ZîR> ~ZmZo H$m à¶mg {H$¶m Om ahm h¡& AVEd

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àjonU H$mo EH$ d¡km{ZH$ AmYma àXmZ H$aZo Ho$ {bE {deofkm| Zo Bg {d{Y ‘|
OmVo h¢& {ZåZ{b{IV JwUm| H$m g‘mdoe H$aZo H$m gwPmd {X¶m h¡-
4. MVwW© gmonmZ - {ejH$-ì¶dhma Ho$ {ZarjU {d{Y H$m ^r M¶Z
{H$¶m OmVm h¡& 1. gwì¶d[ñWV {ZarjU
5. n§M‘ gmonmZ - {ejU H$m Aä¶mg {H$¶m OmVm h¡& CgHo$ {ZarjU {ZarjU, Adgadm{XVm Ed§ O{Q>b ì¶dñWm go ‘w³V hmoZo Mm{hE& AWm©V²
H$m boIZ V¡¶ma {H$¶m OmVm h¡& àjonU nyd©-¶moOZm Ho$ AZwgma {H$gr ì¶[³V AWdm KQ>Zm Ho$ ghr Ed§
6. fîR>‘ gmonmZ - {ejU Ho$ AÝV ‘| CgH$s g‘rjm H$s OmVr h¡ Am¡a ‘hÎdnyU© nj Ho$ gÝX^© ‘| {H$E OmE, EH$ ñnîQ> ê$n go bú¶ AmYm[aV hmo&
gwYma Ho$ {b¶o gwPmd {X¶o OmVo h¢, {Oggo Cgo nwZ~©bZ {‘bVm h¡& 2. dñVw{ZîR> Ed§ njnmV a{hV {ZarjU
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{ZarjU Hw$N> n[aH$ënZmAm| na AmYm[aV hmoZo Mm{hE& V^r BZHo$ Ûmam

15.16.4 {deofVmE± n[aH$ënZmAm| H$s naI njnmV a{hV T>§J go H$s Om gHo$Jr&
Bg {d{Y H$s {deofVmE± Bg àH$ma h¢-
1. Bg‘| N>mÌmܶmnH$ Ho$ OrdZ go gå~pÝYV H$m¡eb H$m {dH$mg 3. n[a‘mUmË‘H$ {ZarjU
AZw^d Ûmam {H$¶m OmVm h¡& ¶Wm gå^d {ZarjU A§H$mo§ ‘| àmá hmoZo Mm{hE& ¶o A§H$ AWdm BZgo gå~pÝYV
2. AnZr {H«$¶mAm| H$m {díbofU, g§íbofU VWm ‘yë¶m§H$Z N>mÌmܶmnH$ VH$ZrH$r eãX {H$gr KQ>Zm AWdm ì¶[³V Ho$ {df¶ ‘| ñnîQ> n[a‘mUmË‘H$
^br àH$ma g‘P gH$Vm h¡& gyMZm XoZo ‘| gj‘ hmoZo Mm{hE&
3. {ejH$-ì¶dhma Ho$ ñdê$n H$m {dH$mg Ano{jV T>§J go {H$¶m Om 4. {dídgZr¶Vm, d¡YVm Ed§ Cn¶mo{JVm
gH$Vm h¡&
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{ZarjU H$m ñdê$n Eogm hmoZm Mm{hE {H$ {H$gr KQ>Zm AWdm ì¶[³V Ho$ {df¶
4. gm‘m{OH$-H$m¡eb H$m {dH$mg {H$¶m OmVm h¡& ‘| BZH$s nwZamd¥[Îm H$B© ~ma hmo gHo$& Bg àH$ma àjonUm| Ho$ ‘mܶ‘ go àmá
5. Ano{jV CÔoí¶m| H$s àm{á H$s Om gH$Vr h¡& n[aUm‘ A{YH$ {dídgZr¶ hmoJm&
15.16.5 gr‘mE± 5. ‘m¡{bH$Vm, Z‘Zr¶Vm Ed§ H$ënZmerbVm
Bg {d{Y H$s gr‘mE± {ZåZ{b{IV h¢- dñVwV… ¶h JwU narjU go H$‘ A{nVw {ZarjU go A{YH$ gå~pÝYV h¡&
1. Bg‘| dmVmdaU ~ZmdQ>r hmoVm h¡, N>mÌmܶmnH$ Bgo dmñV{dH$ ê$n ‘Zmo{dkmZ Ed§ {ejm Ho$ joÌ ‘| {ZarjU ‘mZd àH¥${V go gå~pÝYV hmoVm h¡&
XoZo ‘| Ag’$b ahVo h¢& ‘mZd-ì¶dhma Am¡a Cggo Ow‹S>r hþB© KQ>Zm¶| {~Zm MoVmdZr {XE hr n[adV©Zerb,
2. gm‘mݶ {ejH$-ì¶dhma Ho$ {dH$mg Ho$ {b¶o à¶w³V {H$¶m Om AVEd {ZarjU {d{Y H$m Cn¶moJ H$aVo g‘¶ n[apñW{V AZwgma {ZarjH$ H$mo
gH$Vm h¡& {d{eîQ> {ejU-H$m¡eb H$m {dH$mg BgHo$ Ûmam Zht AnZr H$m¶© {d{Y H$mo VËnaVm Ho$ gmW {Z¶mo{OV H$aZm n‹S>Vm h¡& Eogm V^r
{H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡& gå^d h¡ O~ ¶h ‘m¡{bH$, Z‘Zr¶ Ed§ H$ënZmerb hmo&

15.16.6 gwPmd 15.17.1 {ZarjU {d{Y H$m dJuH$aU

BgHo$ à¶moJ ‘| {ZåZ{b{IV gmdYm{Z¶m± aIZr Mm{hE-
1. BgH$m à¶moJ H$aZo go nyd© BgHo$ ~mao ‘| g‘PZm Mm{hE&
2. N>mÌmܶmnH$ H$s ^y{‘H$m {Zdm©h Ho$ g‘¶ àd³Vm H$s CnpñW{V ^r
hmoZr Mm{hE&
3. {ejU Ho$ AÝV ‘| g‘rjm Ho$ g‘¶ àd³Vm ^r hmoZm Mm{hE, Cgo
nwZ~©bZ XoZo H$m à¶mg H$aZm Mm{hE&
‘mZd-J{V{d{Y Ho$ {df¶ ‘| gyMZmE± H$B© àH$ma go àmá H$s Om gH$Vr h¢,
O¡go- ñd¶§ XoIH$a, Cg ì¶[³V go nyN>H$a AWdm {H$gr Vrgao ì¶[³V go
CgHo$ ~mao ‘| nyN>H$a& BZ à˶j Ed§ namoj {d{Y¶m| Ho$ AmYma na ì¶[³VËd
‘mnZ {d{Y Ho$ ñdê$n ‘| ^r AÝVa Am OmVm h¡& Bg àH$ma ê$nmÝV[aV {d{Y¶m|
H$mo {d{^ÝZ Zm‘m| go nwH$mam OmVm h¡&
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
àJʶ {ejU A{YJ‘ H$s ì¶yh aMZm Ed§ {d{Y¶m±
{ZarjU {d{Y Ho$ Ûmam {H$gr ‘Zwî¶ Ho$ {df¶ ‘| {ZarjH$ ñd¶§ XoIH$a
YmaUm ~ZmVm h¡& Bg {d{Y H$mo {ZåZ{b{IV àH$ma go dJuH¥$V {H$¶m J¶m h¡-
1. n[apñW{V-narjU
2. Am¡nMm[aH$-{ZarjU
3. AZm¡nMm[aH$-{ZarjU
1. n[apñW{V-narjU
Bg àH$ma Ho$ {ZarjU H$mo gånÝZ H$aZo Ho$ {bE ì¶p³V H$mo OrdZ H$s
dmñV{dH$ n[apñW{V¶m| H$m à{V{Z{YËd H$aZo dmbr n[apñW{V ‘| aIm OmVm
h¢& ¶o n[apñW¶m± H¥${Ì‘ hmoVr h¢ Am¡a BZgo AÝV…{H«$¶m H$aHo$ ì¶[³V ì¶dhma
àXe©Z H$aVm h¡& Bg ì¶dhma H$mo àjonU hr ì¶[³VËd Ho$ ‘mnZ H$m AmYma
~ZVm h¡& goZm Ho$ A’$gam| Ho$ MwZmd Ho$ g‘¶ g{d©goO gbo³eZ ~moS>© ‘§o g‘yh
H$m¶© n[apñW{V narjU H$m EH$ CXmhaU h¡& ‘o¶ Am¡a hmQ>©emoZ© (1925) Zo
Bgr àH$ma Ho$ AZoH$ narjUm| H$m {Z‘m©U {H$¶m h¡& BZ narjUm| H$s {deofVmE±
{ZåZ{b{IV h¢-
1. ¶h ì¶[³VËd ‘mnZ H$s EH$ amoMH$ à{d{Y h¡&
2. ³¶m|{H$ ¶o OrdZ n[apñW{V Zht h¢ AVEd BZ n[apñW{V¶m| ‘|
ì¶dhma H$m dmñV{dH$ ñdê$n Zht XoIm Om gH$Vm h¡& V~ ^r Bg
à{d{Y Ho$ Ûmam ZoV¥Ëd H${R>ZmB¶m| go OyPZo H$s j‘Vm, H$‘©R>Vm
Am{X JwUm| H$m ‘mnZ gÝVmofàX ê$n go hmo gH$Vm h¡&
3. Bg àH$ma Ho$ narjU H$s {dídgZr¶Vm Ed§ d¡YVm Ho$ {df¶ ‘|
gÝVmofOZH$ Am±H$‹S>o A^r VH$ CnbãY Zht h¢&
4. ¶h A^r VH$ EH$ ‘yb à{d{Y Ho$ ê$n ‘| emoY joÌ ‘| ‘mݶVm àmá
Zht H$a gH$s h¡&
5. BgHo$ Ûmam Xmo ì¶[³V¶m| Ho$ ì¶dhma H$m VwbZmË‘H$ Aܶ¶Z ghr-
ghr {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡&
2. Am¡nMm[aH$-{ZarjU
Bg à{d{Y ‘| {ZarjUH$Îmm© ~mbH$ Ho$ ì¶dhma H$m AdbmoH$Z Am¡nMm[aH$ ê$n
go H$aVm h¡& ~mbH$ AnZr {XZM¶m© ‘| ì¶ñV ahVm h¡ Am¡a {ZarjH$ AnZo
{ZarjUm| H$mo {b{n~Õ H$aVm OmVm h¡& ñnîQ> h¡ {H$ ZdmJwÝVwH$ H$s CnpñW{V ‘|
~mbH$ H$m ì¶dhma-Añdm^m{dH$ hmo OmVm h¡& n[aUm‘ ñdê$n ì¶dhma {ZarjU
ewÕ Zht ah nmVo& Cn¶w©³V H$‘r Ho$ hmoZo na ^r Am¡nMm[aH$-{ZarjU à{d{Y
Ho$ Ûmam {eewAm| Ho$ ì¶dhmam| Ho$ {df¶ ‘| AmgmZr go ghr-ghr OmZH$mar àmá
H$s Om gH$Vr h¡&
1. ~mbH$ AnZo ì¶dhma H$mo H¥${Ì‘ ~ZmZo H$s$ MoîQ>m Zht H$aVo h¢,
AVEd {H$gr AOZ~r H$s CnpñW{V ‘| A{YH$ Xoa VH$ AnZr
àH¥${V H$mo Zht {N>nmVo h¢&
2. ~mbH$m| ‘| ^mfm H$m {dH$mg ~hþV gr{‘V hmoVm h¡, AVEd Omo
à{d{Y¶m±-‘m¡{IH$ AWdm {b{IV gåàofU na AmYm[aV h¢, CZH$m
Cn¶moJ Zht {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡& Eogr Xem ‘| Am¡nMm[aH$ {ZarjU-
à{d{Y hr Cn¶moJr {gÕ hmoVr h¡&
¶{X Bg {ZarjU à{d{Y ‘| Amdí¶H$ n[adV©Z H$a {bE OmE, V~
BgH$m Cn¶moJ {H$emoam| Ed§ àm¡‹T>m| Ho$ AdbmoH$Z ‘| ^r {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡&
n¥îR> 303
3. AZm¡nMm[aH$-{ZarjU
¶h à{d{Y Am¡nMm[aH$ {ZarjU {d{Y H$m hr g§emo{YV ê$n h¡& Bg à{d{Y
H$mo g‘mOemñÌ Ho$ joÌ ‘| emoY H$m¶© Ho$ {bE ~hþV Cn¶moJr nm¶m J¶m h¡&
Am{Xdm{g¶m| H$s OrdZe¡br H$m {dídgZr¶ n[aM¶ Bgr àH$ma H$s {ZarjU-
à{d{Y Ho$ ‘mܶ‘ go g‘mOemñÌ Ho$ emoYH$Îmm©Am| Zo àñVwV {H$¶m h¡& Bg
{ZarjU-à{d{Y H$mo gwMmê$ ê$n go gånÝZ H$aZo Ho$ {bE {ZåZ{b{IV ~mVm|
H$m ܶmZ aIZm Mm{hE-
1. gd©àW‘ ì¶dhma àmê$n Ho$ {df¶ ‘| {ZU©¶ bo boZm Mm{hE& AWm©V²
¶h ^br ^m±{V gmoM {b¶m Om¶o {H$ ì¶dhma Ho$ H$m¡Z go nj H$m
AdbmoH$Z H$aZm h¡& Bg àH$ma ì¶dhma {ZarjU H$s n[agr‘mE±
{ZYm©[aV H$s OmVr h¢&
2. VËníMmV² M¶Z {H$E J¶o ì¶dhma Ho$ njm| H$mo Bg àH$ma n[a^m{fV
H$aZm Mm{hE {H$ dh ~mbH$ H$s Cg {H«$¶m Ho$ ~mao ‘| gyMZm Xo gH§o$,
Omo àH$Q> ê$n go XoIr Om gHo$& Bg àH$ma Ho$ {ZarjH$ AnZo H$m¶©
Ho$ {bE g§{H«$¶mË‘H$ n[a^mfmAm| H$m {Z‘m©U H$aVo h¢&
3. ì¶dhma-AdbmoH$Z Ho$ A{^boIZ Ho$ {bE ghm¶H$ {d{Y¶m| H$m
M¶Z {H$¶m OmVm h¡, O¡go- AënH$m{bH$-{b{n, Q>on-[aH$m°S>©a,
H¡$‘am Am{X&
4. ¶Wmgå^d {ZarjU H$mo A§H$m| ‘§o ~Xb boZm Mm{hE& Bg H$m¶© ‘| n§M
{~ÝXþ‘mnZr A{YH$ Cn¶w³V ahVm h¡&
15.17.2 {ZarjU {d{Y Ho$ bm^
1. BgH$m Cn¶moJ ~mbH$m| Ed§ àm¡‹T>m| XmoZm| Ho$ AdbmoH$Z Ho$ {bE {H$¶m
Om gH$Vm h¡&
2. BgH$m Cn¶moJ Jy§Jo, ~hao Ed§ Aݶ An§Jm| Ho$ ì¶dhma-AmH$bZ Ho$
{bE ^r {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡&
3. Bg àH$ma Ho$ {ZarjU Ho$ Ûmam ì¶p³V Ho$ ì¶dhma H$m àmH¥${VH$
n[apñW{V¶m| ‘| Aܶ¶Z {H$¶m OmVm h¡& ¶h ì¶dhma dmñV{dH$Vm Ho$
{ZH$Q> hmoVm h¡ AVEd BZ {ZarjUm| Ho$ AmYma na ì¶[³VËd ‘mnZ
A{YH$ {dídgZr¶ Ed§ d¡Y hmoVm h¡&
15.17.3 {ZarjU {d{Y H$s gr‘mE±
1. ¶h {d{Y g‘¶ Am¡a ‘mZd-l‘ Ho$ ÑpîQ>H$moU go ‘h±Jr h¡&
2. ì¶[³V Ho$ ghO ì¶dhma na {ZarjH$ H$s CnpñW{V H$m à^md
n‹S>Vm h¡, AVEd ^agH$ à¶mg H$aZo na ^r ~mbH$ Ho$ ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$
dmVmdaU H$mo gm‘mݶ Zht ~Zm¶m Om gH$Vm h¡&
3. EH$ Aà{e{jV {ZarjH$ Ho$ Ûmam ¶h à{d{Y AmË‘{ZîR>Vm Ed§
njnmV go n[anyU© hmoVr h¡, {OgHo$ H$maU ì¶[³VËd ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$s
{dídgZr¶Vm Ed§ d¡YVm na à^md n‹S>Vm h¡&
4. Bg {d{Y ‘| n[adoe à^md H$s gå^mdZmE± ^r A{YH$ h¡&
5. Bg {d{Y H$m Cn¶moJ H$aVo g‘¶ Bg ~mV H$m {ZU©¶ H$aZm H${R>Z
hmo OmVm h¡ {H$ {H$g ì¶dhma nj H$m AdbmoH$Z {H$¶m OmE Am¡a
{H$gH$m Zht {H$¶m OmE?
{ZarjU {d{Y H$m Cn¶moJ H$aZo dmbo {ZarjH$m| H$mo Cn¶w³V à{ejU
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
n¥îR> 304 {ejU A{YJ‘ H$s ì¶yh aMZm Ed§ {d{Y¶m±
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
{X¶m OmZm Mm{hE& Bg à{ejU Ho$ Xm¡amZ Cëbo{IV H$m¡ebm| Ho$ A{V[a³V
Cgo Bg àH$ma H$s H$bm ‘| ^r XjVm àmá H$amZo H$m àmdYmZ hmo, {OgHo$ Ûmam
dh AnZr CnpñW{V Ho$ dmñV{dH$ CÔoí¶ H$mo àH$Q> {H$E {~Zm hr ì¶[³V Ho$
ñdm^m{dH$ ì¶dhma H$m Aܶ¶Z H$a gHo$& {ZarjU H$mo d¡Y Ed§ {dídgZr¶
~ZmZo Ho$ {bE Bg àH$ma H$m à{ejU {ZVmÝV Amdí¶H$ h¡& Am{Xdm{g¶m| Ho$
OrdZ-¶mnZ Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘| kmZ àmá H$aZo Ho$ {bE Hw$N> ‘mnZH$Îmm©Am| Zo
H$~rbo Ho$ gXñ¶ Ho$ ê$n ‘| CZ bmoJm| Ho$ gmW hr ahZm Amaå^ H$a {X¶m Wm&
Bgr àH$ma do H$~rbm| H$s J{V{d{Y¶m| Ho$ ~mao ‘| dmñV{dH$ {MÌ àñVwV H$aZo
‘| g‘W© hþE h¢&
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15.18 nmR>-àXe©Z {d{Y
¶h {d{Y à{ejU H$s naånamJV {d{Y h¡& BgH$m à¶moJ VH$ZrH$s g§§ñWmAm|
VWm Am¡Úmo{JH$ à{ejU g§ñWmAm| ‘| {H$¶m OmVm h¡& BgH$mo AZwXoeZmË‘H$
nmR²>¶H«$‘ ‘| A{YH$ à¶w³V H$aVo h¢& ¶h à^wËddmXr {d{Y ‘mZr OmVr h¡,
³¶m|{H$ AZwXoeH$ {Og àH$ma nmR> H$m àXe©Z H$aVm h¡, N>mÌmܶmnH$ AZwH$aU
H$aZo H$m à¶mg H$aVo h¢& BgH$m AܶmnZ, {ejm VWm à{ejU {d^mJm| ‘|
www.praganya.org
A{YH$ à¶moJ {H$¶m OmVm h¡&
15.18.1 nmR>-àXe©Z {d{Y H$m ñdê$n
nmR>-àXe©Z {d{Y ‘| VrZ gmonmZm| H$m AZwgaU {H$¶m OmVm h¡-
1. àñVmdZm - àW‘ gmonmZ ‘| CÔoí¶m| H$s ì¶m»¶m H$s OmVr h¡&
2. {dH$mg - {ÛVr¶ gmonmZ ‘| nmR> H$mo {dH${gV {H$¶m OmVm h¡,
{Og‘| {ejH$ àíZm| VWm ghm¶H$ gm‘J«r H$mo à¶w³V H$aVm h¡&
3. EH$sH$aU - ApÝV‘ gmonmZ Ho$ AÝVJ©V nmR²>¶dñVw Ho$ EH$sH$aU
Ho$ {b¶o Aä¶mg H$am¶m OmVm h¡ VWm ‘yë¶m§H$Z àíZ nyN>o OmVo h¢&
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15.18.2 nmR>-àXe©Z {d{Y Ho$ A{Y{Z¶‘
BgHo$ ‘ww»¶ A{Y{Z¶‘ {ZåZ{b{IV h¢-
1. Bg {d{Y H$s ¶h YmaUm h¡ {H$ H$m¡eb H$m {dH$mg AZwH$aU go ^br
àH$ma {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡&
2. AZwH$aU Ho$ à˶jrH$aU H$m Adga {X¶m OmVm h¡&
15.18.3 nmR>-àXe©Z {d{Y H$s gr‘mE±
BgH$s à‘wI gr‘mE± {ZåZ{b{IV h¢-
1. N>mÌ-AܶmnH$m| H$s ‘m¡{bH$Vm H$m {dH$mg Zht hmo nmVm h¡, ³¶m|{H$
Bg‘| AZwH$aU na ~b {X¶m OmVm h¡&
2. N>mÌ nmR>-àXe©Z H$mo AmXe© ‘mZH$a H$m¡eb H$m {dH$mg H$aVo h¢,
O~{H$ g^r AZwXoeH$ nmR> H$mo ghr ê$n ‘| àñVwV Zht H$a nmVo h¢&
15.18.4 nmR>-àXe©Z {d{Y hoVw gwPmd
nmR>-àXe©Z {d{Y hoVw gwPmd Bg àH$ma h¢-
1. nmR-àXe©Z Ho$ ~mX N>mÌ AܶmnH$m| H$mo AnZr e§H$mAm| Ho$
ñnîQ>rH$aU H$m Adga XoZm Mm{hE&
àJʶ
2. nmR-àXe©Z Ho$ ñWmZ na AZwH$aUr¶ {ejU H$mo à¶w³V {H$¶m
OmZm Mm{hE&
15.18.5 nmR>-àXe©Z {d{Y H$m Cn¶moJ
Bg {ejU {d{Y H$mo gm‘mݶ ñVa VWm Cggo {ZåZ ñVa Ho$ N>mÌm| Ho$ {b¶o
‘w»¶ ê$n go à¶w³V {H$¶m OmVm h¡& à{ejU g§ñWmAm| Ho$ N>mÌ-AܶmnH$m| Ho$
{b¶o BgH$m à¶moJ {H$¶m OmVm h¡& BgHo$ Ûmam kmZmË‘H$ VWm {H«$¶mË‘H$ nj
Ho$ ‘ܶ VWm {ZåZ ñVa Ho$ CÔoí¶m| H$mo àmá {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡& Bg {ejU
{d{Y H$s à‘wI {deofVm VWm Cn¶mo{JVm ¶h h¡ {H$ Bggo AܶmnH$m| H$mo nmR>
H$mo {dH${gV H$aZo Ho$ {b¶o H«$‘~Õ gmonmZm| H$m ~moY hmoVm h¡&
15.19 Eo{Vhm{gH$ ImoO {d{Y
Bg {d{Y Ho$ àdV©H$ Oo. Eg. ~«Zya h¢& àm¶… Eo{Vhm{gH$ ImoO VWm AÝdofU
{d{Y¶m| H$mo ^«‘de {ejH$ EH$ hr AW© ‘| à¶moJ H$aVo h¢ naÝVw XmoZm| {d{Y¶m±
EH$-Xÿgao go {~ëHw$b hr {^ÝZ hmoVr h¢& Eo{Vhm{gH$ ImoO H$m à¶moJ gm‘m{OH$
{df¶m| ‘| V϶m| Ho$ {b¶o {H$¶m OmVm h¡, O~{H$ AÝdofU {d{Y H$m à¶moJ
d¡km{ZH$ {df¶m|, à˶¶m| VWm A{Y{Z¶‘m| Ho$ à{VnmXZ ‘| {H$¶m OmVm h¡&
AÝdofU {d{Y ‘| nmR²>¶-dñVw H$m ~moY dñVw{ZîR> ê$n ‘| {X¶m OmVm h¡, O~{H$
Eo{Vhm{gH$ ImoO ‘| V϶m| H$s ì¶m»¶m VWm dU©Z ì¶[³V{ZîR> hr hmoVm h¡&
AÝdofU {d{Y H$m gå~ÝY dV©‘mZ go hmoVm h¡ Am¡a {ZarjU à˶j ê$n ‘|
{H$¶m OmVm h¡, O~{H$ Eo{Vhm{gH$ ImoO H$m gå~ÝY AVrV AWm©V² ^yVH$mb
H$s KQ>ZmAm| go hmoVm h¡ VWm Adeofm| Ho$ AmYma na {ZîH$f© {ZH$mbo OmVo h¢&
15.19.1 ñdê$n
à‘wI ñdê$n {ZåZ àH$ma h¢-
1. N>mÌm| Ho$ e¡{jH$ n¶©Q>Z ‘| Eo{Vhm{gH$ AdbmoH$Z Ho$ ~mX CZgo dU©Z
H$am¶m OmVm h¡&
2. {H$gr ¶wJ Ho$ dU©Z AWdm emgZ H$m dU©Z H$aHo$ N>mÌm| go CgH$s
g’$bVm AWdm Ag’$bVm Ho$ H$maU H$mo kmV H$am¶m OmVm h¡&
3. N>mÌm| H$mo Z¶o V϶m| H$s ImoO ‘m¡{bH$ ê$n ‘| H$aZr hmoVr h¡, naÝVw
{dÚmb¶ ñVa na N>mÌ AnZo {b¶o hr V϶m| H$s ImoO H$aVm h¡&
4. Bg‘| V϶m| H$m ì¶dñWm AWm©nZ Bg àH$ma {H$¶m OmVm h¡, {Oggo
Z¶o V϶m| H$m ~moY hmoZo bJVm h¡&
15.19.2 A{Y{Z¶‘
¶h {d{Y {ZåZ{b{IV A{Y{Z¶‘m| na AmYm[aV h¢-
1. N>mÌm| H$mo {H«$¶merbVm Ho$ {b¶o Adga {X¶m OmVm h¡&
2. N>mÌm| ‘| gyP e[³V H$m {dH$mg hmoVm h¡&
3. N>mÌm| H$mo ì¶[³VJV ê$n go VWm ñdVÝÌ ê$n go {MÝVZ H$m Adga
{‘bVm h¢&
4. N>mÌm| H$s n[anmH$ VWm dU©Z H$aZo H$s j‘VmAm| H$m {dH$mg hmoVm
h¡&
5. AmÝV[aH$ VWm ~mø (ImoO) XmoZm| hr Amdí¶H$ hmoVr h¡&
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
àJʶ {ejU A{YJ‘ H$s ì¶yh aMZm Ed§ {d{Y¶m±
15.19.3 {deofVmE±
Bg {d{Y H$s ‘w»¶ {deofVmE± Bg àH$ma h¢-
1. gm‘m{OH$ V϶m| Ho$ aQ>Zo H$s Anojm ~moYJå¶Vm VWm {MÝVZ Ho$
{b¶o Adga {X¶m OmVm h¢&
2. N>mÌm| ‘| g¥OZmË‘H$ {MÝVZ H$m {dH$mg hmoVm h¡&
3. {díbofU VWm g§íbofU j‘VmAm| H$m {dH$mg {H$¶m OmVm h¡&
4. kmZmË‘H$ VWm ^mdmË‘H$ njm| Ho$ CÀM CÔoí¶m| H$s àm{á H$s OmVr
h¡&
5. N>mÌ Ho$db AnZo {b¶o Z¶o kmZ H$s ImoO hr Zht H$aVm h¡, A{nVw
g§{MV kmZ H$m à˶mñ‘aU ^r H$aVm h¡&
15.20 ~o«Z ñQ>m°aq‘J {d{Y
¶h {ejU Amì¶yh nyU©ê$n go àOmVmpÝÌH$ h¡& BgH$s YmaUm ¶h h¡ {H$ EH$
ì¶[³V H$s Anojm CZH$m g‘yh A{YH$ {dMma Xo gH$Vm h¡& Bg {ejU {d{Y
H$m àmê$n g‘ñ¶m Ho$pÝÐV hmoVm h¡& Bg‘| N>mÌm| H$mo g‘ñ¶m Xo Xr OmVr h¡ Am¡a
CZgo H$hm OmVm h¡ {H$ g‘ñ¶m na dmX-{ddmX H$a| Am¡a Omo {dMma CZHo$
‘pñVîH$ ‘| AmE CZH$mo n«ñVwV H$aZo H$m à¶mg H$a|& ¶h Amdí¶H$ Zht h¡ {H$
CZHo$ g^r {dMma gmW©H$ hr hm|& Bg àH$ma g‘yh H$mo àmoËgm{hV {H$¶m OmVm h¡
Am¡a g‘yh g‘ñ¶m H$m {díbofU, g§íbofU VWm ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$aVm h¡&
Bg {ejU Amì¶yh H$m AmYma e¡{jH$ VWm ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ XmoZm| hr h¢&
~«oZ ñQ>m°a{‘J H$m gå~ÝY ^mdmË‘H$ nj Ho$ {ZåZ VWm CÀM ñVa Ho$ CÔoí¶m|
go h¡& BgH$mo kmZmË‘H$ nj Ho$ CÀM ñVa Ho$ CÔoí¶m| H$s àm{á Ho$ {b¶o ^r
à¶w³V {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡& ¶h {ejU Amì¶yh N>mÌm| ‘| AÀN>o {dMmam| H$mo
{dH${gV H$aZo ‘| ghm¶H$ hmoVm h¡& Bg {ejU Amì¶yh Ho$ ‘yë¶m§H$Z Ho$ {b¶o
g¥OZmË‘H$ narjm¶| A{YH$ gmW©H$ VWm Cn¶moJr hmoVr h¡, ³¶m|{H$ BgH$s
{ejU n[apñW{V¶m| ‘| g¥OZmË‘H$ j‘VmAm| Ho$ {dH$mg Ho$ {b¶o A{YH$ Adga
{XE OmVo h¢&
15.21 n[an¥ÀN>m {d{Y
n[an¥ÀN>m EH$ à{H«$¶m h¡, {Oggo àíZm|, e§H$mAm| VWm g‘ñ¶mAm| H$m g‘mYmZ
{H$¶m OmVm h¡& n[an¥ÀN>m AZoH$ àH$ma H$s hmoVr h¡& n[an¥ÀN>m Ho$ T>§J go CgHo$
bú¶ H$mo àmá {H$¶m OmVm h¡& n[an¥ÀN>m EH$ gX²CÔoí¶ à{H«$¶m h¡& kmZ Ho$
à˶oH$ {ejU VWm emoY ‘| n[an¥ÀN>m H$m Cn¶moJ {H$¶m OmVm h¡&
15.21.1 n[an¥ÀN>m H$s n[a^mfm
O~ {ejm àíZm| na AmYm[aV hmoVr h¡ V~ n[an¥ÀN>m H$s n[a^mfm H$s OmVr
h¡& {ejm EH$ ~hþAm¶m‘r à˶¶ h¡, BgH$s n[a^mfm H$aZm H${R>Z h¡& {ejm
Ho$ AZoH$ AW© VWm n[a^mfm Xr JB© h¡& {ejm ‘| g‘ñ¶m-Ho$pÝÐV Am¶m‘ H$m
Cn¶moJ {H$¶m OmVm h¡ VWm A{YJ‘ Ed§ {ejU ^r g‘ñ¶m Ho$pÝÐV hmoVm h¡&
¶moOZm-{d{Y g‘ñ¶m-Ho$[ÝÐV hmoVr h¡& O~ {ejU N>mÌ-Ho$pÝÐV hmoVm h¡ V~
n[an¥ÀN>m H$m Cn¶moJ {H$¶m OmVm h¡& {ejU H$s à{H«$¶m ‘| N>mÌm| H$mo g{H«$¶
n¥îR> 305
aIZo Ho$ {bE n[an¥ÀN>m H$m Cn¶moJ {H$¶m OmVm h¡&
g^r àH$ma H$m A{YJ‘ N>mÌm| go Amaå^ hmoVm h¡& N>mÌ ³¶m OmZVo h¢?
do ³¶m OmZZm MmhVo h¢? VWm ³¶m n‹T>m¶m Om gH$Vm h¡? CgHo$ A{V[a³V
Hw$N> ‘yb àíZ ³¶m| n‹T>m¶m OmE? ³¶m n‹T>m¶m OmE? Am¡a H¡$go n‹T>m¶m OmE?
¶h A{YJ‘ VWm {ejU gå~ÝYr ~w{Z¶mXr àíZ h¡& Om°Z S>rdr Zo Mma àmW{‘H$
A[^ê${M¶m| H$m CëboI {H$¶m h¡, Omo AmO ^r Cn¶w³V h¢-
1. N>mÌm| H$s ê${M H$s ‘yb BÀN>mE±, {OÝh| do OmZZm MmhVo h¢
2. dmVm©bmn ‘| N>mÌm| H$s gåàofU H$s j‘VmE±
3. aMZmË‘H$ H$m¶m] go AmZÝX àmá H$aZo H$s àd¥{Îm
4. H$bmË‘H$ A[^ì¶[³V H$s à{V^m
~mbH$m| H$m {dH$mg VWm Aä¶mg, BÝht Mma A{^ê${M¶m| VWm j‘VmAm|
na {Z^©a hmoVm h¡&
Om°Z S>rdr H$m ‘mZZm h¡ {H$ {dÚmb¶ ‘| {ejm ì¶[³VJV N>mÌ VH$
gr{‘V Zht ahVr h¡ A{nVw g‘mO Am¡a amîQ´> H$s Amdí¶H$VmAm| H$mo ‘hÎd {X¶m
OmVm h¡& gm‘m{OH$ ‘mZH$m| H$m AZwgaU {H$¶m OmVm h¡& n[an¥ÀN>m ^r g‘mO
Am¡a amîQ´> Ho$ gÝX^© ‘| H$s OmVr h¡& {dÚmb¶ ‘| gm‘y{hH$ {dMmam| Ed§ ê${M¶m|
H$m gåàofU {H$¶m OmVm h¡& Bg àH$ma ZB© nr‹T>r H$mo kmZ Ed§ ‘yë¶m| H$mo àXmZ
H$aVr h¡& g‘mO AnZr g§ñH¥${V H$m ^r g§ajU {dÚmb¶ Ho$ Ûmam H$aVm h¡&
{ejU n[an¥ÀN>m H$s ghm¶Vm go BZ bú¶m| H$s àm{á H$aVm h¡&
N>mÌm| Ho$ A{YJ‘ Ho$ {bE n[an¥ÀN>m EH$ {d{Y H$m H$m¶© H$aVr h¡& H$jm
{ejU ‘| N>mÌm| H$mo MwZm¡Vr Ho$ ê$n ‘| dmñV{dH$ kmZ àXmZ {H$¶m OmVm h¡&
n[an¥ÀN>m Ho$ Cn¶moJ go H$jm Ho$ N>mÌ g‘J« hmoH$a {ejU H$s n[apñW{V ‘|
g{H«$¶ hmoH$a ^mJ boVo h¢&
n[an¥ÀN>m A{YJ‘ H$m EH$ Am¶m‘ h¡, {Og‘| àmH¥${VH$ Ed§ ^m¡{VH$
{díd Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘| OmZZo H$s à{H«$¶m h¡, {Og‘| ZdrZ kmZ Ed§ ~moY Ho$ {bE
àíZm| Ho$ ‘mܶ‘ go AJ«ga {H$¶m OmVm h¡&
15.21.2 n[an¥ÀN>m Ho$ àH$ma
n[an¥ÀN>m kmZ A{O©V H$aZo H$m AmYma VWm gmYZ h¡& BgH$m Cn¶moJ g^r
{df¶m| ‘| {H$¶m OmVm h¡& BgHo$ à‘wI VrZ àH$ma h¢-
1. H$bm n[an¥ÀN>m
2. {dkmZ n[an¥ÀN>m
3. Xme©{ZH$ n[an¥ÀN>m
BZ n[an¥ÀN>mAm| H$m {ddaU ¶hm± na {X¶m J¶m h¡-
1. H$bm n[an¥ÀN>m
¶hm± H$bm H$m A{^àm¶ gm{h˶, gm‘m{OH$ {df¶m| go h¡& BZ {df¶m| Ho$ {ejU
‘| n[an¥ÀN>m H$m Cn¶moJ {H$¶m OmVm h¡& gm‘mݶV… AmJ‘Z VWm {ZJ‘Z
{d{Y¶m| H$m Cn¶moJ {H$¶m OmVm h¡& BZH$m Cn¶moJ n[an¥ÀN>m H$s ghm¶Vm go
gå^d hmoVm h¡& Bg‘| Vm{H©$H$ {MÝVZ H$m {deof ‘hÎd hmoVm h¡& {ejU H$mo
AÝV…à{H«$¶m ‘mZVo h¢ Bg{bE àíZmoÎma {d{Y H$mo àmW{‘H$Vm Xr OmVr h¡&
àíZmoÎma{d{Y H$m gånmXZ ^r n[an¥ÀN>m H$s ghm¶Vm go {H$¶m OmVm h¡& {ejH$
Ed§ N>mÌ XmoZm| H$mo g{H«$¶ aIm OmVm h¡& {ejU NmÌ-Ho$pÝÐV A{YH$ hmoVm h¡&
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
n¥îR> 306 {ejU A{YJ‘ H$s ì¶yh aMZm Ed§ {d{Y¶m±
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
2. {dkmZ n[an¥ÀN>m
¶hm± {dkmZ H$m A{^àm¶, {dkmZ g§H$m¶ go h¡& {dkmZ Ho$ {df¶m| Ho$ {ejU ‘|
^r n[an¥ÀN>m H$m Cn¶moJ ì¶dhm[aH$ ê$n ‘| {H$¶m OmVm h¡& à¶moJ VWm àXe©Z
{d{Y¶m| H$m Cn¶moJ {dkmZ {df¶m| ‘| {H$¶m OmVm h¡& àíZmoÎma {d{Y H$m Cn¶moJ
{H$¶m OmVm h¡& n[an¥ÀN>m H$s ghm¶Vm go Aݶ {d{Y¶m| VWm à{d{Y¶m| H$m
Cn¶moJ {H$¶m OmVm h¡& {ZJ‘Z {d{Y H$m gånmXZ ^r n[an¥ÀN>m H$s ghm¶Vm
go {H$¶m OmVm h¡&
3. Xme©{ZH$ n[an¥ÀN>m
Xe©Z {ejm H$m {gÕmÝV h¡& {ejm gå~ÝYr ^m¡{VH$ àíZm| H$m CÎma Xe©Z Ûmam
hr gå^d h¡; O¡go-J{UV ³¶m| n‹T>m¶m OmE? J{UV ‘| ³¶m n‹T>m¶m OmE? VWm
www.praganya.org
J{UV H¡$go n‹T>m¶m OmE? BZ àíZm| Ho$ CÎma Ho$ Xme©{ZH$ n[an¥ÀN>m H$m Cn¶moJ
{H$¶m OmVm h¡& àW‘ àíZ Ho$ CÎma ‘| CÔoí¶, Xÿgao Ho$ CÎma ‘| nmR²>¶dñVw VWm
Vrgao àíZ Ho$ CÎma go {ejU {d{Y H$s OmZH$mar hmoVr h¡&
15.21.3 n[an¥ÀN>m H$s Amdí¶H$Vm
{ejm à{H«$¶m H$m bú¶ kmZ, H$m¡eb VWm ^mdZmAm| H$m {dH$mg H$aZm h¡&
n[an¥ÀN>m H$m kmZ go {ZH$Q> H$m gå~ÝY h¡& n[an¥ÀN>m go kmZ H$m {dH$mg {H$¶m
www.praganya.org
OmVm h¡& kmZmË‘H$ CÔoí¶m| H$s àm{á ‘| n[an¥ÀN>m H$m {deof ‘hÎd h¡& n[an¥ÀN>m
go N>mÌm| H$s {ZåZ[b{IV j‘VmAm| H$m {dH$mg {H$¶m OmVm h¡-
1. n[an¥ÀN>m Ho$ {d{dY ñdê$nm| H$mo g‘PZm Am¡a {d[^ÝZ g‘ñ¶mAm|
Ed§ {dMmam| Ho$ kmZ Ho$ {bE à¶w³V H$aZm&
2. kmZ Ho$ ñdê$n VWm Am¶m‘m| H$m narjU H$aZm&
3. kmZ gå~ÝYr {dMmam| H$m AmbmoMZmË‘H$ ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$aZm&
4. e¡{jH$ {H«$¶mAm| ‘| g{H«$¶ hmoZm&
5. ‘m¡{IH$ ê$n go {dMmam| H$s A{^ì¶[³V H$aZm VWm CZH$s nwpîQ> H$aZm&
n[an¥ÀN>m ‘| H$B© àH$ma Ho$ {MÝVZ H$s Amdí¶H$Vm hmoVr h¡ CgHo$
www.praganya.org
Cn¶moJ H$s j‘Vm VWm H$m¡eb H$m {dH$mg hmoVm h¡& AmbmoMZmË‘H$ {MÝVZ,
gO©ZmË‘H$ {MÝVZ VWm {ZîH$fm©Ë‘H$ {MÝVZ H$s Amdí¶H$Vm hmoVr h¡& {ejU
{~Zm AmJ‘Z Ed§ {ZJ‘Z {d{Y¶m| Ho gå^d Zht hmoVm h¡& ¶h {d{Y¶m± {MÝVZ
na AmYm[aV h¢& BZH$m {dH$mg ~¡H$Z Zo Vm{H©$H$ {MÝVZ go {H$¶m& n[an¥ÀN>m
‘mZdr¶ kmZ H$m à‘wI òmoV h¡&
15.21.4 n[an¥ÀN>m ‘| {MÝVZ
n[an¥ÀN>m ‘| AZoH$ àH$ma H$m {MÝVZ à¶w³V {H$¶m OmVm h¡, {OZH$m g§[já
dU©Z {ZåZ àH$ma h¡-
1. AmJ‘Z {MÝVZ
AmJ‘Z {MÝVZ ‘| {d{eîQ> go gm‘mݶ H$s Amoa AJ«ga {H$¶m OmVm h¡& {ejH$
CXmhaUm| H$s ghm¶Vm go {Z¶‘m| H$m ~moY H$amVm h¡& ì¶mH$aU {ejU ‘| Bg
àH$ma H$m {MÝVZ hr à¶w³V {H$¶m OmVm h¡&
2. {ZJ‘Z {MÝVZ
{ZJ‘Z {MÝVZ ‘| gm‘mݶ go {d{eîQ> H$s Amoa AJ«ga {H$¶m OmVm h¡& {ejH$
nhbo {Z¶‘ H$mo ~VmH$a CXmhaU H$s Amoa AJ«ga hmoVm h¡& ¶h XmoZm| àH$ma Ho$
{MÝVZ EH$ Xÿgao Ho$ nyaH$ h¡ {damoYr Zht h¢&
àJʶ
3. AmbmoMZmË‘H$ {MÝVZ
AmbmoMZmË‘H$ {MÝVZ ‘| ‘mZ{gH$ à{H«$¶m A{YH$ hmoVr h¡& BgHo$ AÝVJ©V
n[an¥ÀN>m go kmZ H$s g˶Vm H$s naI H$s OmVr h¡& kmZ H$s naI ‘| ‘yë¶m| H$m
{deof ‘hÎd hmoVm h¡& Bg n[an¥ÀN>m ‘| {ZU©¶ e[³V H$m A{YH$ ‘hÎd hmoVm h¡&
4. g¥OZmË‘H$ {MÝVZ
g¥OZmË‘H$ {MÝVZ ‘| ‘m¡{bH$Vm A{YH$ hmoVr h¡& Bg àH$ma Ho$ {MÝVZ go
g‘ñ¶mAm| VWm e§H$mAm| Ho$ g‘mYmZ Ty>‹±T>Zo H$m à¶mg {H$¶m OmVm h¡& Bg‘|
H$ënZme[º VWm à˶¶rH$aU H$m {deof ‘hÎd hmoVm h¡& nmR²>¶dñVw H$mo Vm{H©$H$
H«$‘ ‘| ì¶dpñWV H$aZo ‘| {ejH$ Bg àH$ma Ho$ {MÝVZ H$m Cn¶moJ H$aVm h¡&
n[an¥ÀN>m ‘| Bg àH$ma Ho$ {MÝVZ H$mo Adga {X¶m OmVm h¡&
5. {ZîH$fm©Ë‘H$ {MÝVZ
{ZîH$fm©Ë‘H$ {MÝVZ H$m Adga AmJ‘Z {ejU {d{Y ‘| {X¶m OmVm h¡& {ejH$
n[an¥ÀN>m H$s ghm¶Vm go g‘mZ àH$ma Ho$ CXmhaU àñVwV H$aVm h¡ Am¡a CZ‘|
{Z{hV VÎd H$mo kmV H$aZo Ho$ {bE N>mÌm| H$mo Adga XoVm h¡& Bgo {Z¶‘ VWm
gm‘mݶrH$aU ^r H$hVo h¢& ¶h à{H«$¶m {ZîH$fm©Ë‘H$ {MÝVZ go gå~pÝYV
hmoVr h¡&
n[an¥ÀN>m H$s ghm¶Vm go {ejH$ Eogr A{YJ‘ n[apñW{V¶m| H$m g¥OZ
H$aVm h¡ {Oggo N>mÌm| ‘| Ano{jV ì¶dhma n[adV©Z bm¶m Om gHo$ Am¡a {ejU
CÔoí¶m§o H$s àm{á H$s Om gHo$&
15.21.5 n[an¥ÀN>m H$s AdñWm
n[an¥ÀN>m H$s Xmo AdñWmE± hmoVr h¡-
1. CÎma H$s Amoa XoIZm
2. CÎma H$s d¡YVm H$s naI H$aZm
n[an¥ÀN>m H$s àW‘ AdñWm H$m gå~ÝY {ejU {d{Y go hmoVm h¡
{Og‘| {ejH$ àñVwVrH$aU H$aVm h¡& {ÛVr¶ AdñWm CÎma H$m Am¡{M˶ hmoVm
h¡, {Og‘| AmbmoMZmË‘H$ {MÝVZ {H$¶m OmVm h¡& BZ AdñWmAm| H$m Cn¶moJ
{ejU VWm emoY H$m¶m] ‘| {H$¶m OmVm h¡&
15.21.6 d¡km{ZH$ n[an¥ÀN>m
{ejU VWm emoY H$m¶m] ‘| d¡km{ZH$ n[an¥ÀN>m H$m Cn¶moJ A{YH$ {H$¶m OmVm
h¡& Bg‘| CÎma VWm {ZîH$fm] H$s d¡YVm A{YH$ hmoVr h¡& ¶h n[an¥ÀN>m g‘ñ¶m-
Ho$pÝÐV hmoVr h¡& n«¶moJmË‘H$ H$m¶m] ‘| Bg n«H$ma H$s n[an¥ÀN>m H$m Cn¶moJ {H$¶m
OmVm h¡& Bg‘| N>… gmonmZm| H$m AZwgaU {H$¶m OmVm h¡&
1. g‘ñ¶m H$mo nhMmZZm (n[an¥ÀN>m H$m Amaå^)
2. g‘ñ¶m H$m gå^m{dV g‘mYmZ ¶m CÎma
3. nmR²>¶-gm‘J«r VWm à{H«$¶m/àmê$n
4. {ZarjU, àXÎmm| H$m g§H$bZ H$aZm
5. àXÎmm|/{ZarjUm| H$m {díbofU VWm AWm©nZ H$aZm
6. {ZîH$f© {ZH$mbZm, g‘ñ¶m/àíZ H$m CÎma àmá H$aZm
Bg gmonmZm| H$s ghm¶Vm go d¡km{ZH$ n[an¥ÀN>m H$m Cn¶moJ {H$¶m OmVm
h¡& BgHo$ {bE {ZarjU, dJuH$aU, gåàofU, AWm©nZ, n[a^mfm H$aZm Am{X
H$m¡ebm| H$s Amdí¶H$Vm hmoVr h¡&
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
àJʶ {ejU A{YJ‘ H$s ì¶yh aMZm Ed§ {d{Y¶m±
15.21.7 n[an¥ÀN>m H$m Cn¶moJ
n[an¥ÀN>m Ho$ ‘w»¶ Cn¶moJ {ZåZ{b{IV h¢-
1. n[an¥ÀN>m H$m g^r {df¶m| Ho$ {ejU ‘| g^r ñVam| na Cn¶moJ {H$¶m
OmVm h¡&
2. AmJ‘Z Ed§ {ZJ‘Z {ejU {d{Y Ho$ Cn¶moJ ‘| n[an¥ÀN>m H$m Cn¶moJ
EH$ ghm¶H$ à{d{Y Ho$ ê$n ‘| {H$¶m OmVm h¡&
3. n[an¥ÀN>m H$m Cn¶moJ, {ejU, AZwXoeZ, à{ejU VWm emoY ‘o|
{H$¶m OmVm h¡&
4. n[an¥ÀN>m H$m Cn¶moJ EH$ à{H«$¶m, EH$ Am¶m‘, EH$ {d{Y VWm
à{d{Y Ho$ ê$n ‘| {H$¶m OmVm h¡&
5. n[an¥ÀN>m go kmZ H$s gmW©H$Vm VWm d¡YVm H$s naI ^r hmoVr h¡&
6. n[an¥ÀN>m ‘| {d{dY àH$ma Ho$ {MÝVZ H$m Cn¶moJ {H$¶m OmVm h¡&
7. n[an¥ÀN>m EH$ g‘ñ¶m Ho$pÝÐV à[H«$¶m h¡&
15.22 {ddaU à{d{Y
{ddaU {ejU {H«$¶m H$s A{Zdm¶© ¶w[³V h¡& {ejU Ho$ {H$gr Z {H$gr ñVa na
AܶmnH$ H$mo {ddaU ¶m H$WZ Adí¶ XoZm n‹S>Vm h¡& {H$gr {df¶ Ho$ {b¶o {ddaU
XoZo ‘| à‘wI CÔoí¶ ¶h hmoVm h¡ {H$ CgHo$ ‘w»¶ nhbwAm| na C{MV àH$me n‹S>
gHo$& {ddaU H$m à¶moJ nmR> Ho$ {ZåZ{b{IV ñWbm| na {H$¶m OmVm h¡-
1. àñVmdZm Ho$ AÝV ‘|
O~ nmR> H$s àñVmdZm àíZm|, {MÌm| Ed§ CXmhaUm| Am{X Ho$ Ûmam àñVwV H$s OmVr
h¡, Vmo Am‘Vm¡a go CZHo$ ~mX {ddaU H$s à{d{Y H$m à¶moJ H$aZm n‹S>Vm h¡&
2. nmR> Ho$ ‘ܶ ‘§o
O~ nmR> {dH${gV {H$¶m OmVm h¡, Vmo H$B© ñWbm| na {df¶ na {deof àH$me
S>mbZo H$s ÑpîQ> go {ddaU {X¶m OmVm h¡& {^ÝZ-{^ÝZ {df¶m| ‘| {ddaU
à{d{Y H$m à¶moJ {^ÝZ-{^ÝZ T>§Jm| go {H$¶m OmVm h¡& B{Vhmg H$m AܶmnH$
AVrV H$s KQ>ZmAm| Ed§ n[apñW{V¶m| H$m ñnîQ> {MÌU H$aZo Ho$ {b¶o {ddaU
XoZo H$s Amdí¶H$Vm AZw^d H$aVm h¡& J{UV ‘| à{d{Y H$m à¶moJ ~hþV H$‘
hmoVm h¡, O~{H$ gm‘m{OH$ {df¶m| ‘| {ddaU H$mo EH$ ‘hÎdnyU© Ed§ A{Zdm¶©
à{d{Y ‘mZm h¡&
15.22.1 {ddaU à{d{Y H$s {deofVmE±
Bg à{d{Y H$s ‘w»¶ {deofVmE± Bg àH$ma h¢-
1. {ddaU ~mbH$ Ho$ ‘pñVîH$ na ñWm¶r à^md S>mbVm h¡& Omo gyMZm
¶m kmZ nwñVH$m| Ho$ n‹T>Zo go Hw$N> g‘¶ Ho$ ~mX ‘mby‘ hmoVm h¡, dh
{ddaU Ho$ ‘mܶ‘ go A˶ÝV amoMH$ Ed§ {‘V춶r T>§J go erK« J«hU
{H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡&
2. {ddaU H$mo à^mdembr ~ZmZo na N>mÌm| ‘| ܶmZnyd©H$ {df¶ H$mo
g‘PZo H$s e[³V {dH${gV hmoVr h¡ Am¡a dh ñd¶§ AnZr A{^ì¶[³V
H$mo ~‹T>mVm h¡&
3. {ddaU Ûmam {df¶ Ho$ AZoH$ njm| na àH$me n‹S>Vm h¡& EH$ hr {df¶
H$s gdmªJnyU© g‘rjm {ddaU Ûmam àñVwV H$s Om gH$Vr h¡&
n¥îR> 307
4. {ddaU Ûmam ~mbH$ H$s {Okmgm H$mo nZnmZo ‘| gabVm hmoVr h¡&
5. {df¶ H$s VH©$nyU© ñWmnZm H$s ÑpîQ> go {ddaU ~‹S>m Cn¶moJr hmoVm h¡&
15.22.2 {ddaU à{d{Y H$s gr‘mE±
{ddaU à{d{Y H$m à¶moJ g^r {df¶m| Ho$ {ejU ‘| Zht {H$¶m Om gH$Vm& ¶{X
H$moB© {ejU {ddaU à{d{Y H$m à¶moJ Cn¶w³V ñWmZ na Zht H$aVm h¡, Vmo
{ejU H$m à^md KQ> OmVm h¡& {ddaU à{d{Y H$s gr‘mE± Bg àH$ma h¢-
1. {ddaU à{d{Y Ho$ à¶w³V hmoZo na {ejH$ A{YH$ g{H«$¶ ahVm h¡&
2. {ddaU H$mo àñVwV H$aZo ‘| ^mfm H$s ewÕVm Ed§ Cn¶w³VVm, {df¶
dñVw H$s amoMH$Vm VWm ~moYJå¶Vm Am{X AZoH$ ‘hÎdnyU© VÎd hmoVo
h¢, {OZ na ܶmZ Z XoZo go {ddaU H$m ‘hÎd KQ> OmVm h¡&
3. {ddaU H$s àmg§{JH$Vm Ed§ n¶m©áVm Ho$ ~mao ‘| {ZU©¶ boZm ~‹S>m
H${R>Z H$m¶© h¡&
4. {ddaU H$mo Vm{H©$H$ VWm ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ H«$‘ ‘| CnpñWV H$aZm EH$
H$bm h¡ {Og‘| à˶oH$ {ejH$ Xj Zht hmoVm h¡&
5. {ejH$ H$s Hw$ebVm na {ddaU H$s à^mderbVm {Z^©a H$aVr h¡&
15.22.3 {ddaU à{d{Y hoVw gwPmd
Bg à{d{Y H$m à¶moJ H$aVo g‘¶ Cn¶w©³V gr‘mAm| na ܶmZ XoZm Amdí¶H$
h¡& BgHo$ A{V[a³V Hw$N> Aݶ ~mVm| Ho$ à{V ^r gmdYmZr ~aVZr Mm{hE, Omo
{ZåZ{b{IV h¢-
1. {ddaU àg§JmZwHy$b VWm C{MV J{V go àñVwV {H$¶m OmZm Mm{hE&
2. {ddaU Z Vmo A{YH$ bå~m hmo Am¡a Z A{YH$ N>moQ>m hmo&
3. {ddaU XoVo g‘¶ AܶmnH$ H$mo AnZo ñda, CÀMmaU, Amamoh-
Adamoh Ed§ ~b Ho$ à{V {deof gOJ ahZm Mm{hE&
4. V϶m| VWm ^mfm H$s ÑpîQ> go {ddaU ‘| {H$gr àH$ma H$s Aew{Õ
Zht ahZr Mm{hE&
5. {ddaU H$s e¡br amoMH$, ñnîQ> VWm {d{dYVmnyU© hmoZr Mm{hE&
AܶmnH$ H$mo Y¡¶©nyd©H$ {ddaU àñVwV H$aZo H$m Aä¶mgr hmoZm
Amdí¶H$ h¡&
6. {ddaU H$mo N>mÌ Ho$ {b¶o amoMH$ Ed§ ~moYJ«mø ~ZmZo H$m à¶mg
H$aZm Mm{hE&
7. {ddaU XoVo g‘¶ {MÌm|, aoIm{MÌm|, MmQ>©, ‘mZ{MÌ VWm CXmhaU
Am{X ^r XoZo Mm{hE&
8. {ddaU H$s ì¶dñWm nmR> Ho$ {^ÝZ-{^ÝZ ñWmZm| na nyd© ¶moOZm Ho$
AZwgma H$aZm A{YH$ C{MV hmoVm h¡&
15.23 dU©Z à{d{Y
dU©Z à{d{Y H$m à¶moJ {H$gr KQ>Zm, Ñí¶ Ed§ {Z¶‘ H$m {dñVmanyd©H$ dU©Z
XoZo Ho$ {b¶o {H$¶m OmVm h¡& Ho$db àíZm| Ho$ nyN>Zo AWdm {ddaU Xo XoZo
go {H$gr KQ>Zm AWdm Ñí¶ H$m gånyU© {MÌ ~mbH$ Ho$ ‘pñVîH$ nQ>b na
CnpñWV Zht {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡& H$^r-H$^r AܶmnH$ H$mo {df¶ Ho$ à{V
{dñVmanyd©H$ {ddaU XoZm n‹S>Vm h¡& dU©Z H$mo {dñV¥V-{ddaU H$hZm A{YH$
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&

n¥îR> 308 {ejU A{YJ‘ H$s ì¶yh aMZm Ed§ {d{Y¶m±
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
g‘rMrZ h¡& {ddaU ‘| Q>rH$m-[Q>ßnUr VWm {díbofU H$s ^mdZm {Z{hV hmoVr
h¡, O~{H$ dU©Z ‘| {df¶ H$m gm§Jmonm§J {ddoMZ Ed§ àñVwVrH$aU ‘w»¶ CÔooí¶
hmoVm h¡& ZmJ[aH$emñÌ ‘| gZ² 1857 B©. Ho$ ñdVÝÌVm g§J«m‘ H$m dU©Z EH$
춳Vì¶ Ho$ ê$n ‘§o àñVwV {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡& ^mfm Ho$ {ejU Ûmam dU©Z {H$
¶mo½¶Vm {dH${gV H$s OmVr h¡ VWm N>mÌ dU©ZmË‘H$ {Z~ÝYm| VWm ^mfUm| Ho$
Aä¶mg Ûmam ¶h ¶mo½¶Vm bmZo H$m à¶mg H$aVo h¢& Bgr àH$ma B{Vhmg, ^yJmob,
AW©emñÌ VWm {dkmZ {ejU ‘| ^r dU©Z à{d{Y H$m à¶moJ {H$¶m OmVm h¡&
15.23.1 dU©Z H$s à^mdmoËnmXH$Vm Ho$ AmYma
gOrd Ed§ amoMH$ dU©Z àñVwV H$aZm EH$ H$bm h¡& dU©Z H$s à^mdmoËnmXH$Vm
àJʶ
à^mdmoËnmXH$ Zht hmoVr h¡, do dU©Z-à{d{Y H$m à¶moJ C{MV ê$n
‘| Zht H$a gH$Vo h¢&
5. dU©Z H$s ¶WoîQ>Vm Ed§ ì¶mnH$Vm Ho$ ~mao ‘| {ZU©¶ H$aZm ~‹S>m H${R>Z
hmoVm h¡& BgHo$ {b¶o {deof àH$ma H$s gyP-~yP Amdí¶H$ h¡&
15.23.3 dU©Z à{d{Y hoVw gwPmd
Cn¶w©³V gr‘mAm| na ܶmZ aIVo hþE {ejH$ H$mo Mm{hE {H$ dU©Z à{d{Y$ H$m
à¶moJ H$aVo g‘¶ {ZåZ{b{IV gmdYm{Z¶m± aIo-
1. dU©Z H$s e¡br ‘Zmoa§OH$ VWm AmH$f©H$ hmo& CgH$s ^mfm gab,
ewÕ VWm àdmh-¶w³V hmo&
2. dU©Z H$s {df¶dñVw ~mbH$ Ho$ gm‘m{OH$ VWm gm§ñH¥${VH$ n[adoem|

www.praganya.org
{ZåZ{b{IV {~ÝXþAm| na AmYm[aV h¡-
go gå~pÝYV hmoZr Mm{hE&
1. dU©Z H$s e¡br 3. dU©Z H$s à^mderbVm H$mo ~‹T>mZo Ho$ {b¶o {MÌ, Z‘yZo, CXmhaU VWm
dU©Z {H$¶o OmZo dmbo {df¶ go gå~pÝYV ^md ‘| CVma-M‹T>md, eãXm| H$m Aݶ ghm¶H$ gm‘{J«¶m| H$m à¶moJ {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡&
à¶moJ, dm³¶m| H$m JR>Z, A{^ì¶[³V Am{X ~mV| dU©Z H$s e¡br Ho$ Amdí¶H$ 4. dU©Z H$aVo g‘¶ {dMmam| H$mo H«${‘H$ Ed§ Vm{H©$H$ T>§J go CnpñWV
VÎd h¢& ¶{X dU©Z H$s ^mfm gab, ewÕ Ed§ ñnîQ> Zht h¡, Vmo dU©Z H$s e¡br H$aZm Mm{hE&
na BgH$m AÀN>m à^md Zht n‹S>Vm h¡& 5. dU©Z H$m {df¶ A{YH$ H${R>Z Zht hmoZm Mm{hE&
2. dU©Zr¶ {df¶ 6. dU©Z àmg§{JH$ hmo VWm Cg‘| AZmdí¶H$ CXmhaUm| H$m g‘mdoe
www.praganya.org

{Og {df¶ H$m dU©Z {H$¶m Om ahm hmo, CgH$m ~mbH$ Ho$ ‘mZ{gH$ ñVa VWm Z hmo&
gm‘m{OH$ n[adoe go {H$VZm {ZH$Q> H$m gå~ÝY h¡& ¶h ~mV ^r dU©Z H$mo 7. dU©Z Ûmam ~mbH$ Ho$ AÝXa Cn¶w³V ñ‘¥{V {MÌ ~ZmZo Mm{hE&
à^mdembr ~ZmZo ‘| ghm¶H$ hmoVr h¡& 8. dU©Z ‘| nyU© {df¶ H$m àmê$n àñVwV H$aZo H$s j‘Vm hmoZr Mm{hE&

3. dU©Z H$s Cn¶w³Vm 15.23.4 {ddaU VWm dU©Z à{d{Y¶m| ‘| AÝVa

¶{X dU©Z N>mÌm| H$s ê${M Ed§ {dH$mg AdñWm H$s ÑpîQ> go Cn¶w³V h¡, Vmo dh BZ XmoZm| à{d{Y¶m| ‘| n¶m©á g‘mZVm h¡& ^mfm VWm e¡br H$s ÑpîQ> go XmoZm|
ñdm^m{dH$ ê$n go N>mÌm| Ho$ ‘pñVîH$ na ñWm¶r à^md S>mbVm h¡& H$s à^mdmoËnmXH$Vm H$mo {ZYm©[aV H$aZo dmbo VÎd EH$ hr O¡go h¢& BZ XmoZmo§
4. dU©Z H$s gdmªJnyU©Vm à{d{Y¶m| H$m à¶moJ {df¶ H$m gånyU© {ddoMZ àñVwV H$aZo Ho$ CÔoí¶ go {H$¶m
www.praganya.org

dU©Z Ûmam {df¶ H$s gdmªJnyU© {ddoMZm àñVwV H$aZm à‘wI bú¶ hmoVm h¡& ¶{X OmVm h¡& BZ g‘mZVmAm| Ho$ hmoVo hþ¶o ^r XmoZm| à{d{Y¶m| ‘| AÝVa h¡& Bg AÝVa
dU©Z ì¶mnH$ Zht h¡, Vmo Cgo à^mdembr Zht ‘mZm Om gH$Vm h¡& EH$-njr¶ H$mo EH$ Vm{bH$m Ûmam Xem©¶m J¶m h¡-
dU©Z H$s Cn¶mo{JVm ~hw-njr¶ dU©Z H$s VwbZm ‘| gd©Xm H$‘ ahVr h¡& AV… H«$. {ddaU à{d{Y dU©Z à{d{Y
EH$ AÀN>m dU©Z ì¶mnH$ VWm ~hþ-njr¶ hmoVm h¡& g§.
1. g§{já Ed§ N>moQ>o AmH$ma H$m hmoVm h¡& {dñV¥V Ed§ bå~m hmoVm h¡&
15.23.2 dU©Z à{d{Y H$s gr‘mE± 2. {df¶ H$mo ñnîQ> H$aZo Ho$ {bE {df¶ H$m gdmªJnyU© empãXH$ {MÌ {Z{‘©V
à˶oH$ {df¶ Ho$ {ejU ‘| Bg à{d{Y H$m à¶moJ gå^d Zht h¡& Bgr Vah EH$ H$^r-H$^r à¶w³V hmoVm h¡& H$aZo H$s ÑpîQ> go bJmVma ê$n ‘| à¶w³V
hr {df¶ Ho$ à˶oH$ nhby H$m {ejU Bg à{d{Y Ho$ ‘mܶ‘ go Zht {X¶m Om hmoVm h¡&
gH$Vm h¡& dU©Z à{d{Y H$s Hw$N> gr‘mE± Bg àH$ma h¢- 3. Vm{H©$H$ ÑpîQ> go g§JV hmoZm A˶ÝV Vm{H©$H$ VWm ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ XmoZm| ÑpîQ>¶m| go
1. dU©Z ‘| {ejH$ A{YH$ g{H«$¶ hmoVm h¡& N>mÌ H$s {H«$¶merbVm H$mo Amdí¶H$ h¡& Cn¶w³V hmoZm Mm{hE&
OmJ«V H$aZo H$s MoîQ>m H$‘ hmoVr h¡& 4. {díbofUmË‘H$ A{YH$ hmoVm h¡& g§íbofUmË‘H$ A{YH$ hmoVm h¡&
2. dU©Z H$s ^mfm Ed§ {df¶-dñVw Cn¶w³V Z hmoZo na {ejU ‘| 5. ‘m¡{IH$ ê$n ‘w»¶ h¢& ‘m¡{IH$ VWm {b{IV XmoZm| hr ê$nm| ‘|
ZragVm Am OmVr h¡ Am¡a N>mÌ {df¶ H$s Amoa ܶmZ Zht Xo nmVo h¢& ‘hÎdnyU© hmoVm h¡&
3. dU©Z Ho$ A{YH$ {dñV¥V Ed§ bå~m hmo OmZo H$s gå^mdZm h‘oem ~Zr
ahVr h¡& H$^r-H$^r EH$ ì¶mnH$ dU©Z VWm ^mfU ‘| ~hþV H$‘
AÝVa ah OmVm h¡& 15.24 ì¶m»¶m à{d{Y
4. dU©Z H$mo àñVwV H$aZo H$m T>§J à˶oH$ {ejH$ ‘| g‘mZ ê$n go ì¶m»¶m à{d{Y {H$gr {df¶dñVw H$mo A{YH$ ñnîQ> H$aZo Ho$ {b¶o à¶w³V H$s
à^mdembr Zht hmo gH$Vr h¡& AV… Eogo {ejH$ {OZH$s A{^ì¶[³V OmVr h¡& BgHo$ AÝVJ©V {df¶ H$m {díbofU JhamB© Ho$ gmW {H$¶m OmVm h¡ VWm
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
àJʶ {ejU A{YJ‘ H$s ì¶yh aMZm Ed§ {d{Y¶m±
{df¶ H$mo A{YH$ ~moYJå¶ ~ZmZo H$s MoîQ>m H$s OmVr h¡& {df¶ H$s O{Q>bVm Ed§
Xþê$hVm Ho$ AmYma na ì¶m»¶m à{d{Y H$s Amdí¶H$Vm n‹S>Vr h¡&
15.24.1 ì¶m»¶m H$s à^mdmoËnmXH$Vm
ì¶m»¶m H$mo à^mdmoËnmXH$ ~ZmZo Ho$ {b¶o {ZåZ{b{IV ~mVm| H$m ܶmZ aIZm
Mm{hE-
1. ì¶m»¶m ‘| à¶w³V hmoZo dmbr ^mfm
dhr {ejH$ ì¶m»¶m à{d{Y H$m à¶moJ g’$bVmnyd©H$ H$a gH$Vm h¡, {OgH$m
^mfm na AÀN>m A{YH$ma hmo& ì¶m»¶m H$aVo g‘¶ ^mfm H$s gabVm, ñnîQ>Vm,
ewÕVm, Ed§ àdmh‘¶Vm {ZVmÝV Amdí¶H$ h¡&
2. {df¶ na A{YH$ma
Omo {ejH$ AnZo {df¶ H$mo ^br àH$ma Zht OmZVm, dh ì¶m»¶m Ûmam ~mbH$m|
H$mo {df¶ H$m ñnîQ>rH$aU XoZo ‘| Hw$eb Zht à‘m{UV hmoVm h¡& {df¶ H$s AÀN>r
OmZH$mar Z hmoZo go ì¶m»¶m Ìw{Q>nyU© VWm Ag§JV hmo OmVr h¡&
3. ì¶m»¶m H$s Cn¶w³VVm
{ejU Ho$ {H$g ñWb na ì¶m»¶m H$s Amdí¶H$Vm h¡? N>mÌ {H$g g‘¶
ì¶m»¶m H$s Amdí¶H$Vm AZw^d H$aVm h¡? Am{X ~mVo§ {ejU-H$bm H$mo
à^mdembr ê$n XoZo ‘| ghm¶H$ hmoVr h¢& {ejU Ho$ à˶oH$ ñWb na ì¶m»¶m
àñVwV H$aZm C{MV Zht h¡& O~ {dÚmWu {H$gr {df¶ H$mo g‘PZo ‘| H$[R>ZmB©
AZw^d H$a| AWdm {df¶ ~‹S>m O{Q>b hmo, Vmo ì¶m»¶m H$m à¶moJ Ano{jV h¡&
4. ì¶m»¶m H$s ‘yV©Vm
ì¶m»¶m H$mo A{YH$ go A{YH$ ‘yV© ~ZmZo Ho$ {b¶o CXmhaUm| VWm {MÌm| Am{X
H$s ghm¶Vm boZr Mm{hE&
15.24.2 ì¶m»¶m à{d{Y H$m à¶moJ
ì¶m»¶m à{d{Y H$m à¶moJ A{YH$Va ^mfm VWm gm‘m{OH$ {df¶m| ‘| {H$¶m OmVm
h¡& ^mfm H$s {ejm ‘| eãXm| Ed§ dm³¶m§em| H$mo ñnîQ> H$aZo Ho$ {b¶o ì¶m»¶m
H$m à¶moJ bm^Xm¶H$ hmoVm h¡& g§ñH¥$V ^mfm ‘| Vmo ì¶m»¶m Ho$ {~Zm ì¶mH$aU
n‹T>mZm Agå^d h¡& {hÝXr Ed§ A§J«oOr gm{h˶ ‘| JÚ-IÊS>m|, {Z~ÝYm§o Ed§
à~ÝY H$mì¶m| H$mo öX¶J‘ H$amZo Ho$ {b¶o ì¶m»¶m H$mo EH$‘mÌ à{d{Y ‘mZm
J¶m h¡& gm‘m{OH$ {df¶m| ‘| V϶mË‘H$ Ed§ gyMZmË‘H$ nmR>m| Ho$ {b¶o ì¶m»¶m
à{d{Y H$m à¶moJ {H$¶m OmVm h¡& ^mfm H$s {ejm ‘| ì¶m»¶m à{d{Y H$m à¶moJ
{ZåZ{b{IV ê$nm| ‘| {H$¶m OmVm h¡-
1. g‘mg {dJ«h Ûmam eãXm| Ed§ dm³¶m| H$m {dJ«h H$aHo$ CZH$mo g‘PmZm&
2. gpÝY {díbofU Ûmam eãXm| Ho$ ‘ܶ g§{Y¶m| H$s Amoa g§Ho$V H$aZm&
3. ì¶wËn[Îm Ûmam eãXm| H$s CËn[Îm {H$g àH$ma hþB©, Bg ~mV H$mo ñnîQ>
H$aHo$&
4. n[a^mfm Ûmam eãXm| AWdm nXm| H$s {ZpíMV n[a^mfm ~VmH$a&
5. ñnîQ>rH$aU Ûmam ^mfm Ed§ ^md H$s ÑpîQ> go H${R>Z ñWbm| H$m gab
^mfm ‘| ê$nmÝVa H$aHo$&
6. n¶m©¶ H$WZ Ûmam eãXm| Ho$ g‘mZmWu n¶m©¶m| H$mo {JZmH$a&
7. {dbmo‘ H$WZ Ûmam eãXm| VWm ‘whmdam| Ho$ {dbmo‘ H$mo ~VmH$a&
n¥îR> 309
15.24.3 ì¶m»¶m à{d{Y H$s gr‘mE±
ì¶m»¶m à{d{Y H$s g’$bVm Hw$N> ~mVm| na {Z^©a H$aVr h¡, Omo Bg à{d{Y H$s
gr‘mE± h¢& ì¶m»¶m à{d{Y H$s gr‘mE± {ZåZ àH$ma h¡-
1. Bg à{d{Y H$m à¶moJ H$aZo Ho$ {b¶o à˶oH$ {ejH$ ‘| Ano{jV
Hw$ebVm Zht hmoVr h¡&
2. ì¶m»¶m H$s Cn¶w³VVm Ed§ n¶m©áVm Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘| {ZpíMV ê$n go
{ZU©¶ boZm H${R>Z hmoVm h¡&
3. ì¶m»¶m ‘| {díbofU na A{YH$ ~b {X¶m OmVm h¡, {Oggo N>mÌ Ho$
g‘j {df¶dñVw H$m g‘J« {MÌ Zht ~Z nmVm h¡&
15.24.4 ì¶m»¶m à{d{Y hoVw gwPmd
ì¶m»¶m à{d{Y H$s Cn¶w©³V gr‘mAm| H$mo ܶmZ ‘| aIVo hþE BgH$m à¶moJ H$aVo
g‘¶ {ZåZ{b{IV gmdYm{Z¶m| na {deof ܶmZ XoZm Mm{hE-
1. ì¶m»¶m H$s ^mfm gab, ewÕ VWm àdmh‘¶ hmoZr Mm{hE&
2. Ag§JV ~mVm| H$mo ì¶m»¶m Ho$ AÝVJ©V Zht bmZm Mm{hE&
3. ì¶m»¶m XoVo g‘¶ CnXoe Ed§ gyÌ ê$n ‘| ~mVm§o H$mo g‘PmZm C{MV
Zht h¢&
4. ì¶m»¶m Z A{YH$ {dñV¥V Am¡a Z A{YH$ gyú‘ hmoZr Mm{hE&
5. ì¶m»¶m H$s e¡br H$mo ñnîQ> VWm amoMH$ ~ZmZm Mm{hE&
6. ì¶m»¶m H$mo AmH$f©H$ Ed§ ‘Zmoa§OH$ ~ZmZo H$m à¶mg H$aZm Mm{hE&
7. ì¶m»¶m H$mo à^mdnyU© ~ZmZo Ho$ {b¶o Cgo {ejU CÔooí¶ Ho$ gÝX^©
‘| ‘yë¶m§{H$V H$aZm Amdí¶H$ h¡&
8. {Og {df¶ na ì¶m»¶m àñVwV H$s OmE Cggo gå~pÝYV gÝX^©
J«ÝWm| H$m CëboI H$aZm Mm{hE VWm Amdí¶H$ A§emo§ H$mo í¶m‘nÅ>
H$s ghm¶Vm go A§{H$V H$am XoZm Mm{hE&
9. ì¶m»¶m Ûmam N>mÌm| H$s H${R>ZmB¶m|, ^«mÝV YmaUmAm| VWm Ag§JV
{dMmam| d H$ënZmAm| H$m {ZdmaU hmoZm Mm{hE&
10. ì¶m»¶m H$mo {ejU Ho$ à˶oH$ ñWb na à¶moJ H$aZm Amdí¶H$ Zht
h¡& Ho$db Eogo hr ñWbm| na Bgo à¶moJ H$aZm Mm{hE, Ohm± N>mÌm| H$mo
~moY-J«hU H$s ÑpîQ> go H${R>ZmB© H$m AZw^d hmo ahm hmo&
15.25 {S´>b à{d[Y
{ejU ‘| Hw$N> {df¶ Aä¶mg àYmZ hmoVo h¢, {OZ‘| Bg à{d{Y H$m Cn¶moJ
{H$¶m OmVm h¡& g^r {ejU {df¶m| ‘| BgH$m Cn¶moJ Zht {H$¶m OmVm h¡&
{d{eîQ> {df¶m| H$s {d{eîQ> nmR²>¶dñVw ‘| Bg pñWar¶ à{d{Y H$m Cn¶moJ {H$¶m
OmVm h¡& naånamJV {ejU ‘| aQ>Zo Ho$ {bE Bg à{d{Y H$m Cn¶moJ {H$¶m OmVm
h¡& Bg eãX H$m Cn¶moJ emar[aH$ ì¶m¶m‘ VWm emar[aH$ {ejm ‘| A{YH$ {H$¶m
OmVm h¡& ‘m±gno{e¶m| H$mo ge³V H$aZo Ho$ {bE emar[aH$ ì¶m¶m‘ H$m Aä¶mg
H$am¶m OmVm h¡& {ejU ‘| Bgr àH$ma Ho$ Hw$N> {df¶m| H$s nmR²>¶dñVw Ho$ {bE,
Omo Aä¶mg àYmZ hmoVr h¡, Bg à{d{Y H$m Cn¶moJ {H$¶m OmVm h¡&
15.25.1 {S´>b à{d{Y Ho$ àH$ma
{S´>b à{d{Y H$mo VrZ dJm] ‘| ~m±Q>m Om gH$Vm h¡, Omo {ZåZ àH$ma h¡-
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&

n¥îR> 310 {ejU A{YJ‘ H$s ì¶yh aMZm Ed§ {d{Y¶m± àJʶ
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
1. naånamJV Aä¶mg à{d{Y 4. Aä¶mg ({S´>b)
2. ZdrZ Aä¶mg à{d{Y CÀMmaU H$m Aä¶mg g‘yh ‘| H$am¶m OmVm h¡& ì¶[³VJV CÀMmaU ^r H$amVo
3. Aä¶mg H$s AZwH$aUr¶ {d{Y h¢& gm‘y{hH$ CÀMmaU ‘| b¶ H$m Cn¶moJ H$aVo h¡, {Og‘| CVma, M‹T>md, àdmh,
{dam‘ H$m ^r ܶmZ aIm OmVm h¡&
15.25.2 naånamJV Aä¶mg à{d{Y
Bg à{d{Y H$m Cn¶moJ naånamJV à{d{Y Ho$ ê$n ‘| {H$¶m OmVm h¡& {deof ê$n 15.25.5 ewÕ CÀMmaU Cn¶moJ Ho$ {Z¶‘
go ^mfm Am¡a J{UV {ejU ‘§o {H$¶m OmVm h¡& BgHo$ à‘wI Cn¶moJ Bg àH$ma h¢- {ejH$ H$mo CÀMmaU gå~ÝYr {Z¶‘m| H$m ^r ~moY hmoZm Mm{hE& ^mfm-{dkmZ ‘|
1. eãXm| Ho$ ewÕ CÀMmaU Ho$ {bE, ³¶m|{H$ ^mfmAm| Ho$ eãXm| Ho$ BgH$m {dñV¥V dU©Z {H$¶m OmVm h¡& ¶hm± na Hw$N> {Z¶‘m| H$m CëboI {H$¶m J¶m h¡-
CÀMmaU gå~ÝYr {Z¶‘ Zht hmoVo h¢& Bg à{d{Y go ewÕ CÀMmaU 1. {hÝXr dU©‘mbm Ho$ g‘w{MV kmZ H$m hmoZm&
{gIm¶m OmVm h¡& 2. Üd{Z VÎd H$m ~moY hmoZm, ‘wI Ho$ Ad¶dm| d A§Jm| H$m CÀMmaU go
2. àmW{‘H$ ñVa na nhm‹S>o H$mo ¶mX H$amZo ‘| Bgr à{d{Y H$m Cn¶moJ gå~ÝY H$m kmZ hmoZm&

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à^mdembr hmoVm h¡& 3. H${R>Z eãXmoÀMmaU H$m Aä¶mg H$amZm& Aä¶mg H$s {H«$¶m A{YH$
3. Bg à{d{Y ‘§o aQ>Zo na A{YH$ ~b {X¶m OmVm h¡& Cn¶moJr h¡&
4. ¶h à{d{Y ‘Zmo{dkmZ g§H$m¶ na AmYm[aV h¡& 4. {deof H${R>Z Üd{Z¶m| Ho$ AÝVa H$mo g‘PZm VWm ‘wI Ad¶dm| H$s
[H««$¶m gå~pÝYV H$aZo H$m kmZ hmoZm&
15.25.3 Zdr¶ Aä¶mg à{d{Y 5. eãX {díbofU {d{Y H$m à¶moJ H$aZm AWm©V² IÊS>m| ‘| CÀMmaU
¶h à{d{Y naånamJV à{d{Y Ho$ hr g‘mZ h¡& Bg à{d{Y Ho$ Ûmam eãXm| H$m H$amZm&
M¶Z {ZåZ{b{IV AmYma na {H$¶m OmVm h¢- 6. ewÕ CÀMmaU Ho$ à{V {ejH$ H$s gVH©$Vm hmoZm&
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1. N>mÌm| H$s Amdí¶H$VmAm| Ho$ AZwgma
2. nmR²>¶nwñVH$m| ‘| eãXm| Ho$ Cn¶moJ Ho$ AZwgma
ZdrZ à{d{Y Ho$ AÝVJ©V naånamJV à{d{Y Ho$ Xmofm| H$mo ܶmZ ‘| aIm
OmVm h¡& BgH$s {deofVmE± bJ^J naånamJV à{d{Y Ho$ g‘mZ hr hmoVr h¡&
naånamJV Ed§ ZdrZ Aä¶mg à{d{Y¶m| H$s Hw$N> gr‘mE± ^r h¢, Omo
{ZåZ àH$ma h¢-
1. BZ à{d{Y¶m| ‘| {ejH$ Ûmam CZ eãXm| H$s gyMr V¡¶ma H$s OmVr h¡,
{OZ eãXm| H$m Cn¶moJ ~hþV H$‘ hmoVm h¡&
2. {ejH$ {~Zm ܶmZ {X¶o eãXm| H$m M¶Z H$aVm h¡ CZH$m H$moB© AmYma
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7. B©H$ma-D$H$ma gå~ÝYr Aew{Õ¶m| H$m ~moY H$amZm&
8. AmXe© AZwH$aU {d{Y H$m à¶moJ H$aZm&
9. gm‘y{hH$ VWm ì¶[³VJV gwYma H$s Amdí¶H$Vm H$mo ܶmZ XoZm&
10. ñdamKmV, gwñdaVm, ~b, {dam‘, CVma-M‹T>md, Amd¥[Îm VWm J{V
na ܶmZ XoZm& Aä¶mg b¶ ‘| H$aZm&
11. ñda e[³V, ñda bmon, ñdamJ‘ gå~ÝYr Aew{Õ¶m| H$m kmZ XoZm&
12. AewÕ dU© {dn¶©H$ ¶m eãXm§e {dn¶©H$ H$m ~moY H$aZm&
13. CÀMmaU gå~ÝYr ‘m¡{IH$ narjmAm| H$m Am¶moOZ H$aZm&

14. CÀMmaU à{V¶mo{JVmAm| H$m Am¶moOZ H$aZm&

Zht hmoVm h¡& 15. dmX {ddmX, gå^mfU, g§dmX Am{X à{V¶mo{JVmAm| H$s ì¶dñWm H$aZm&
3. N>mÌm| H$mo ¶h ~moY Zht hmoVm {H$ H$~ Am¡a H$hm± {H$g àH$ma eãXm|
H$m CÀMmaU H$aZm Mm{hE& 15.25.6 AewÕ CÀMmaU Ho$ gwYma hoVw gwPmd
4. ¶h à{d{Y ¶mpÝÌH$ d AW©hrZ hmoVr h¡, N>mÌ A³ga BZ‘| ê${M N>mÌm| H$mo ewÕ CÀMmaU H$amZo hoVw {ejH$ Ho$ {bE ‘w»¶ gwPmd Bg àH$ma h¢-
Zht boVo h¢& 1. N>mÌm| H$mo ewÕ CÀMmaU H$m ‘hÎd ~VbmH$a CZ‘| ewÕ CÀMmaU
H$s AmH$m§jm OmJ«V H$s OmE VWm CÝh| à{ejU Ho$ gmW àmoËgm{hV
15.25.4 Aä¶mg H$s AZwH$aUr¶ {d{Y ^r {H$¶m OmE&
gm‘mݶV… Aä¶mg à{d{Y ‘| AZwH$aUr¶ {d{Y AnZmB© OmVr h¡ Bg‘| Mma 2. gm‘y{hH$ CÀMmaU VWm Aä¶mg H$mo A{YH$ ‘hÎd XoZm Mm{hE&
gmonmZm| H$m AZwH$aU {H$¶m OmVm h¡- 3. AewÕ CÀMmaU H$aZo dmbo N>mÌm| go ghmZw^y{VnyU© ì¶dhma H$aZm
1. à˶jrH$aU Mm{hE& AewÕ CÀMmaU ‘| CZH$m Cnhmg Zhr§ H$aZm Mm{hE&
{ejH$ eãX H$mo í¶m‘nÅ> na {bIVm h¡ Am¡a AmXe© CÀMmaU H$aVm h¡& N>mÌ 4. AewÕ CÀMmaU H$m gd©àW‘ {ZXmZ {H$¶m OmE, {Oggo H$maU H$m
Cg na ܶmZ XoVo h¢& ~moY hmo Am¡a g‘w{MV à{d[Y H$m à¶moJ {H$¶m Om¶o&
5. {ejH$ H$mo ^mfm-{dkmZ Ho$ dmMZ VWm CÀMmaU H$m n¶m©á ~moY
2. AZwH$aU hmoZm Mm{hE, ³¶m|{H$ ^mfm H$mo {dkmZ ‘mZVo h¢&
N>mÌm| H$mo AmXe© CÀMmaU H$m AZwH$aU H$am¶m OmVm h¡& 6. ¶{X gw{dYmE± CnbãY hm| V~ VH$ZrH$s ‘mܶ‘m| VWm gmYZm| H$m
3. n¥îR>nmofU à¶moJ {H$¶m OmZm Mm{hE& Bg‘| ^mfm-à¶moJembm H$m ^r Cn¶moJ
N>mÌ O~ ewÕ CÀMmaU H$a boVm h¡ V~ Cgo n¥îR>nmofU {X¶m OmVm h¡& JbV {H$¶m OmVm h¡&
CÀMmaU hmoZo na nwZamd¥[Îm H$amVo h¢& 7. {ejH$ H$mo CnMmar {ejU ‘| Y¡¶© go H$m¶© boZm Mm{hE Am¡a N>mÌm|
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
àJʶ {ejU A{YJ‘ H$s ì¶yh aMZm Ed§ {d{Y¶m±
go ghmZw^y{VnyU© ì¶dhma H$aZm Mm{hE&
8. CÀMmaU gå~ÝYr {d{dY àH$ma H$s à{V¶mo{JVmE± Am¶mo{OV H$s
OmZr Mm{hE&
15.26 nwZ… Aä¶mg à{d{Y
Wm°Z©S>mBH$ Zo AnZo A{YJ‘ {gÕmÝV Aä¶mg Ed§ Ìw{Q Ho$ AÝVJ©V Hw$N>
A{Y{Z¶‘m| H$m à{VnmXZ {H$¶m, CZ‘| go Aä¶mg H$m {Z¶‘ à‘wI h¡& BgHo$
AÝVJ©V {H$gr Z¶o à˶¶ H$mo grIZo Ho$ {bE CgH$m ~ma-~ma Aä¶mg H$aZm
hmoVm h¡ Eogm H$aZo go Ìw{Q>¶m± H$‘ hmoVr OmVr h¢ Am¡a Cgo à˶¶ H$m kmZ hmo
OmVm h¡& Bggo à˶mñ‘aU H$s à{H«$¶m H$mo ~‹T>mdm {‘bVm h¡& eãXm| H$s dV©Zr
VWm gyÌm| H$s ewÕVm Ho$ {bE CÝh| ~ma-~ma {bIZo go ewÕ dV©Zr {bIZo
bJVm h¡ Am¡a ewÕ ê$n {bIZo bJVm h¡& A{YJ‘ H$s à{H«$¶m ‘o§ Wm°Z©S>mBH$ Ho$
VrZm| A{Y{Z¶‘m| H$m {deof ‘hÎd h¡-
1. Aä¶mg H$m A{Y{Z¶‘
2. à^md H$m A{Y{Z¶‘
3. VËnaVm H$m A{Y{Z¶‘
¶h pñWar¶ à{d{Y Wm°Z©S>mBH$ Ho$ àW‘ A[Y{Z¶‘ na AmYm[aV h¡&
Bg A{Y{Z¶‘ Ho$ AZwgma CÔrnZ H$mo ~ma-~ma {X¶m OmVm h¡, {Oggo ~ma-
~ma AZw{H«$¶m hmoVr h¡& A{YH$ g‘¶ VH$ Eogm H$aZo go YmaU e[³V ~‹T> OmVr
h¡& CÔrnZ-AZw{H«$¶m H$m gå~ÝY JhZ hmo OmVm h¡& Wm°Z©S>mBH$ H$m ‘mZZm h¡
{H$ ¶{X n[apñW{V¶m± g‘mZ aho, Vmo ~ma-~ma Aä¶mg go CÔrnZ-AZw{H«$¶m
H$m gå~ÝY àJm‹T> hmo OmVm h¡& Aä¶mg Ho$ A^md ‘| CÔrnZ d AZw{H«$¶m H$m
gå~ÝY H$‘Omoa hmo OmVm h¡, {Ogo ^ybZm ^r H$hVo h¢&
Wm°Z©S>mBH$ Zo Aä¶mg A{Y{Z¶‘ Ho$ CnamÝV à^md H$m {Z¶‘ {X¶m&
CÔrnZ-AZw{H«$¶m Ho$ gå~ÝYm| H$m à^md ^r hmoZm Mm{hE VWr CZHo$ gå~ÝYm|
‘| JhZVm hmo gH$Vr h¡& Bg àH$ma ¶h XmoZm| hr A{Y{Z¶‘ EH$ Xÿgao Ho$ nyaH$
h¡& ghr AZw{H«$¶m H$mo nwZ~©bZ ^r {X¶m OmE V^r à^md n‹S>oJm, {Oggo N>mÌ
H$mo àgÝZVm àmá hmoJr& Wm°Z©S>mBH$ XÊS> H$m nyU©ê$n go IÊS>Z Zht H$aVm h¡&
O~{H$ ~r. E’$. pñH$Za JbV AZw{H«$¶m Ho$ XÊS> XoZo Ho$ nj ‘| Zht h¡ A{nVw
ghr AZw{H«$¶m H$mo VwaÝV nwZ~©bZ {X¶m OmE& A{YJ‘ à{H«$¶m ‘| XmoZm| hr
A{Y{Z¶‘ gmW-gmW {H«$¶merb hmoVo h¢&
¶h XmoZm| hr A{Y{Z¶‘ {H$gr AdYmaUm VWm CÔoí¶m| na AmYm[aV
Zht hmoVo h¢, A{nVw ¶h A{Y{Z¶‘ ¶mpÝÌH$ T>§J go {H«$¶merb hmoVo h¢& g^r
{dH$mg Ho$ AdñWmAm| Ho$ ì¶dhmam| Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘| nydm©Zw‘mZ bJmVo h¢& CÝht
ì¶dhmam| Ho$ n[adV©Z Ed§ {ZînmXZ H$m à¶mg {H$¶m OmVm h¡&
15.26.1 nwZ…Aä¶mg à{d{Y H$m Cn¶moJ
Wm°Z©S>mBH$ Zo gd©àW‘ A{YJ‘ Ho$ A{Y{Z¶‘m| H$m à{VnmXZ {H$¶m& BÝhm|Zo ‘yb
VWm Jm¡U A{Y{Z¶‘m| H$mo {X¶m BZ XmoZm| hr àH$ma Ho$ A{Y{Z¶‘m| H$m Cn¶moJ
{ejm H$s à{H«$¶m ‘| {H$¶m OmVm h¡& Bg à{d{Y Ho$ ‘w»¶ Cn¶moJ Bg àH$ma h¢-
1. A{YJ‘ V^r à^mdembr hmoVm h¡ O~ N>mÌ VËna hmoH$a Aä¶mg H$aVm
h¡& {ejH$ H$mo N>mÌm| H$s Amdí¶H$VmAm| Ho$ AZwê$n n[apñW{V¶m| H$m H$jm
‘| g¥OZ H$aZm Mm{hE& N>mÌm| H$s ghr AZw{H«$¶mAm| H$mo VwaÝV nwZ~©bZ
n¥îR> 311
XoZm Mm{hE& àíZmoÎma à{d{Y go N>mÌm| ‘| VËnaVm bmB© Om gH$Vr h¡&
2. Bg à{d{Y ‘| grIZo ‘| gwJ‘Vm hmoVr h¡ VWm YmaU e[³V A{YH$
g‘¶ VH$ ahVr h¡& {S´>b à{d{Y H$mo ghm¶H$ àUmbr Ho$ ê$n ‘|
à¶w³V {H$¶m OmVm h¡& àmW{‘H$ ñVa na BZH$m Cn¶moJ A{YH$
{H$¶m OmVm h¡&
3. {ejH$ H$s ghr AZw{H«$¶m Ho$ ghm¶Vm VWm AZw~moYZ H$aZm Mm{hE&
{H$gr àíZ Ho$ AZoH$ CÎma hmo gH$Vo h¢, naÝVw ghr CÎma Ho$ {bE
CËgm{hV H$aZm Mm{hE& Wm°Z©S>mBH$ Ho$ AZwgma Ìw{Q>¶m± grIZo ‘|
ghm¶H$ hmoVr h¢&
4. H$jm {ejU go N>mÌm| H$mo gÝVwpîQ> àmá hmoZr Mm{hE VWm nmR²>¶dñVw
H$mo gmW©H$ ê$n ‘| àñVwV H$aZm Mm{hE& {ejH$ H$mo H$jm {ejU
go AmZÝX AZw^d H$aZm Mm{hE& {ejH$m| H$mo N>mÌm| H$mo nwZ~©bZ Ho$
gmW {ZX}eZ VWm àmoËgmhZ ^r XoZm Mm{hE&
5. {ejU ‘| gmÑe AZw^d A{YH$ ghm¶H$ hmoVm h¡& {ejU ‘| n[anmH$
H$s {H«$¶m A{YH$ ‘hÎdnyU© VWm Cn¶moJr hmoVr h¡& EH$ à˶¶ go
ZdrZ à˶¶ H$mo g‘PZo ‘| ghm¶Vm H$aVr h¡& Bg‘| gmX¥í¶ AZw^d
à{d{Y ^r ghm¶H$ hmoVr h¡&
6. {ejH$ H$mo H$jm ‘| gm‘m{OH$ ^mdmË‘H$ dmVmdaU H$m g¥OZ H$aZm
hmoVm h¡, Omo N>mÌm| H$mo grIZo ‘| ghm¶H$ hmoVm h¡ gmW©H$ H$m¶m] Ho$
à{V CÝ‘wI H$aVr h¡&
15.27 AÝdofU {d{Y
AÝdofU H$m AW© ImoO H$aZm ^r hmoVm h¡& BgH$m ‘w»¶ CÔoí¶ ImoO H$s àd¥{Îm
H$mo OmJ«V H$aZm h¡& BgHo$ àdÎm©H$ Am‘© ñQ´>m§J Wo& ¶h gåàofU h~©Q>© ñnoÝga
H$s Bg {dMmaYmam na AmYm[aV h¡ {H$-
~mbH$m| H$mo {OVZm gå^d hmo H$‘ ~Vm¶m Om¶o Am¡a CZH$mo {OVZm A{YH$ gå^d
hmo ñd¶§ ImoOZo Ho$ {b¶o àmoËgm{hV {H$¶m Om¶o&
Bg {d{Y H$m CëboI nmo{b¶mo VWm S>ZH$a Zo (1945) AnZo boI
g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ ‘| {H$¶m Wm& BgH$s {d{Y ‘| Ìw{Q> Ed§ à¶mg AWdm AÝdofU
{H«$¶m¶| {Z{hV hmoVr h¢& ¶h {d{Y A{YH$ {‘V춶r VWm ÐþVJm‘r hmoVr h¡& BgHo$
AÝVJ©V g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ hoVw AZoH$ {dH$ënm| H$mo à¶w³V {H$¶m OmVm h¡& Bg‘|
VH©$ VWm H$ënZm e[³V H$s ^r A{YH$ Amdí¶H$Vm hmoVr h¡&
15.27.1 AÝdofU {d{Y Ho$ CÔoí¶
BgHo$ {ZåZ{b{IV CÔoí¶ hmoVo h¢-
1. ~mbH$m| H$s g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ H$s àd¥[Îm H$m {dH$mg {H$¶m OmVm h¡&
2. ~mbH$m| ‘| VH©$ VWm H$ënZm e[³V H$m {dH$mg H$aZm&
3. d¡km{ZH$ ÑpîQ>H$moU H$m {dH$mg H$aZm&
4. ñd¶§ H$m¶© H$aZo VWm ñdVÝÌ {MÝVZ H$m {dH$mg H$aZm&
15.27.2 ñdê$n
N>mÌm| Ho$ gm‘Zo g‘ñ¶m àñVwV H$a Xr OmVr h¡& g^r N>mÌ Cg g‘ñ¶m H$m
g‘mYmZ H$aZo H$m à¶mg H$aVo h¢& à˶oH$ N>mÌ H$mo ì¶[³VJV ê$n ‘| gmoMZo
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&

n¥îR> 312 {ejU A{YJ‘ H$s ì¶yh aMZm Ed§ {d{Y¶m± àJʶ
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
VWm H$m¶© H$aZo H$s nyar ñdVÝÌVm Xr OmVr h¡& g‘ñ¶m Ho$ g‘mYmZ Ho$ {b¶o
AZoH$ ¶w[³V¶m| H$m à¶moJ H$aVo h¢& g‘ñ¶m Ho$ VÎdm| H$m {díbofU H$aVo h¢
Aä¶mgmW© àíZ
VWm gå^m{dV g‘mYmZ gmoMVo h¢& Amdí¶H$Vm n‹S>Zo na Amng ‘| dmX-{ddmX
^r H$aVo h¢, nwñVH$mb¶ ‘| OmH$a nwñVH$m| H$mo n‹T>Vo h¢& BZ H$m¶m] Ho$ {b¶o
{ejH$ àmoËgm{hV H$aVm h¡& {ejH$ N>mÌm| Ho$ àíZm| H$m CÎma XoVm h¡ VWm CÝh| 1. {ejU {d{Y¶m| VWm {ejU ì¶yh aMZmAm| ‘| AÝVa hmoVm h¡-
Amdí¶H$ òmoVm| VWm gmYZm| go n[a{MV H$amVm h¡& (1) nmR²>¶dñVw H$m (2) CÔoí¶m| H$m
(3) àmê$n H$m (4) A{Y{Z¶‘m| H$m
15.27.3 AÝdofU {d{Y H$s$ {deofVmE±
2. {ejU {d{Y¶m| go-
BgH$s {ZåZ{b{IV {deofVmE± hmoVr h¢- (1) {eúmU amoMH$ hmo OmVm h¡&
1. N>mÌm| ‘| {ZarjÊm VWm {Okmgm H$s ^mdZm {dH${gV hmoVr h¡, {Oggo (2) N>mÌm| H$m ‘Z n‹T>mB© ‘| bJm ahVm h¡&
d¡km{ZH$ ÑpîQ>H$moU H$m {dH$mg hmoVm h¡&

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(3)
2. {ejH$ à˶oH$ N>mÌ Ho$ gånH©$ ‘| AmVm h¡ Am¡a CZHo$ H$m¶m] H$m (4)
{ZarjU H$aVm h¡ VWm gwPmd XoVm h¡&
3. Bg {d{Y ‘| N>mÌ H$mo A{YH$ {H«$¶merb ahZm n‹S>Vm h¡& AV… ¶h 3. {ejU ¶wp³V¶m| H$m gå~ÝY h¡-
AmYw{ZH$ ì¶dñWm A{Y{Z¶‘ na AmYm[aV h¡& (1)
(2)
4. ¶h ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ A{Y{Z¶‘m| na AmYm[aV h¡& Bg‘| H$m¶© Ûmam
grIZo H$m Adga {X¶m OmVm h¡& (3)
5. N>mÌm| H$s VH©$ e[³V VWm H$ënZm e[³V H$m {dH$mg hmoVm h¡& (4)
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{ejU à^mdembr hmo OmVm h¡&
BZ‘| go H$moB© Zht
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg
A{YJ‘ g§aMZm go nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m
A{YJ‘ CnbpãY¶m| go h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ>
A{YJ‘ AZw^dm| go www.praganya.org
na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF
A{YJ‘ n[apñW{V¶m| go

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6. N>mÌm| ‘| AmË‘-{Z^©aVm H$s ^mdZm {dH${gV hmoVr h¡&
4. {ejU {d{Y¶m| H$m bm^ h¡-
(1) [ejU amoMH$ ~Z OmVm h¡&
15.27.4 AÝdofU {d{Y H$s$ gr‘mE± (2) {ejU gab, {H$ÝVw à^mdembr ~Z OmVm h¡&
BgH$s {ZåZ{b{IV gr‘mE± hmoVr h¢- (3) N>mÌm| H$m ܶmZ n‹T>mB© ‘| AmH¥$îQ> ahVm h¡&
1. Bg‘| V϶m| Ho$ {ejU VWm grIZo ‘| A{YH$ g‘¶ bJVm h¡& Bg‘| g‘¶ (4) Cn¶w©³V g^r
H$m An춶 A{YH$ hmoVm h¡& N>mÌm| Ho$ AZoH$ à¶mg ì¶W© hmo OmVo h¢&
2. BgH$mo àmW{‘H$ H$jmAm| Ho$ {ejU ‘| à¶w³V Zht {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡& 5. {ejU ‘| {^ÝZ-{^ÝZ {d[Y¶m| H$m à¶moJ ³¶m| Cn¶moJr h¡?
BgH$m Cn¶moJ CÀM H$jmAm| ‘| hr g’$bVmnydH© $ {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡& (1) {ejU H$mo gw~moY ~ZmZo Ho$ {bE
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3. BgH$m à¶moJ H$‘ N>mÌm| na hr gå^d hmoVm h¡, O~{H$ H$jm ‘| N>mÌm| (2) {ejU H$mo amoMH$ ~ZmZo Ho$ {bE
H$s g§»¶m gmYmaUV… A{YH$ hmoVr h¡& (3) {dÚm{W©¶m| H$m ܶmZ AmH¥$îQ> H$aZo Ho$ {bE
4. g^r {ejH$ Bg {d{Y H$m à¶moJ g’$bVmnyd©H$ Zht H$a gH$Vo, (4) Cn¶w©³V g^r
³¶m|{H$ Bg‘| AZwemgZ H$s g‘ñ¶m CËnÝZ hmo OmVr h¡&
6. AZwH$aUr¶ {ejU à{d[Y H$mo ‘mZm OmVm h¡-
(1) H$m¡eb (2) ZmQ>H$s¶ à{d{Y
15.27.5 AÝdofU {d{Y hoVw gwPmd (3) Iob {d{Y (4) BZ‘| go H$moB© Zht
BgHo$ à¶moJ ‘| {ZåZ ~mVm| H$mo ܶmZ aIZm Mm{hE-
1. AÝV…à{H«$¶m Ho$ gå^m{dV ê$n AZoH$ VWm {demb hmoVo h¢ Am¡a 7. {ejU H$s CÎm‘ {d{Y h¡-
CZH$m gå~ÝY O{Q>b hmoVm h¡& (1) nmR²>¶-nwñVH$ {d{Y (2) àmoOo³Q> {d{Y
2. AÝdofU {d{Y ‘| Omo{I‘ ^r hmoVm h¡& AZoH$m| à¶mg ì¶W© hmo OmVo (3) n¶©Q>Z {d{Y (4) ^mfÊm {d{Y
h¢& JbV g‘mYmZ H$mo ñdrH$ma H$aZo H$s gå^mdZm A{YH$ ahVr h¡&
3. Bg‘| gå^m{dV CnbpãY¶m± dmñVd ‘| AZoH$ hmoVr h¡& 8. nwZ~©bZ H$m¡eb H$m Cn¶moJ H$aVo h¢-
(1) {ejU Ho$ AJ«gaU hoVw
4. nmR²>¶-dñVw H$m ñdê$n {ZpíMV Zht hmoVm h¡&
(2) N>mÌm| Ho$ àmoËgmhZ hoVw
(3) A{YJ‘ H$mo ê${MH$a ~ZmZo hoVw
*******
(4) Cnamo³V g^r

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
(2) (3) (1) (4) (4) (2) (3) (4)
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
àJʶ {ejU A{YJ‘ H$s ì¶yh aMZm Ed§ {d{Y¶m± n¥îR> 313

9. {ejU Ho$ {H«$¶mË‘H$ CÔoí¶m§o H$mo nyam H$aZo Ho$ {bE nmR²>¶H«$‘ ‘§o {H$g 16. ¶{X AmnH$mo H$ht à[ejU hoVw ^oOm OmE, Vmo Amn-
na Omoa {X¶m OmVm h¡? (1) {ejH$m| go ZB©-ZB© {d{Y¶m± grI|Jo&
(1) {gÕmÝV Ed§ AdYmaUm (2) {ejU H$s ZB©-ZB© {d{Y¶m± grI|Jo&
(2) {H«$¶m Ed§ à¶moJ (3) AZw^dr AܶmnH$m| Ho$ AZw^d grI|Jo&
(3) {dÚmb¶ à~ÝYZ (4) Cn¶w©³V g^r
(4) BZ‘| go H$moB© Zht
17. [ñH$Za H$s nwZ~©bZ H$s {dMmaYmam ¶h h¡ {H$-
10. àmW{‘H$ {dÚmb¶m§o ‘| AܶmnH$m| Ûmam à¶w³V {ejU {d{Y¶m| go- (1) ghr CÎma na nwZ~©bZ XoZo go AmJo ghr CÎma XoZo H$s gå^mdZm Am¡a
(1) {dÚm{W©¶m| ‘§o g¥OZmË‘H$Vm CËnÝZ hmoZr Mm{hE& ~‹T> OmVr h¡&
(2) {dÚm{W©¶m| ‘| aQ>Zo H$s j‘Vm CËnÝZ hmoZr Mm{hE& (2) ì¶dhma gm‘Zo Am OmZo Ho$ ~mX nwZ~©bZ {X¶m OmVm h¡, nhbo Zht&
(3) {bIZo H$s H$bm CËnÝZ hmoZr Mm{hE& (3) Cnamo³V XmoZm|
(4) ~mobZo d gwZZo H$s j‘Vm CËnÝZ hmoZr Mm{hE& (4) Cnamo³V H$moB© Zht

11. {ejU {d{Y H$m CÔoí¶ nmR²>¶nwñVH$ H$m à^mdr àñVwVrH$aU h¡ O~{H$ 18. EH$ AÀN>o {ejH$ H$mo {ejU {d{Y¶m| H$m kmZ Adí¶ hmoZm Mm{hE,
{ejU aUZr{V H$m ܶoo¶- ³¶m|{H$-
(1) C{MV A{YJ‘ dmVmdaU n¡Xm H$aZm h¡& (1) Bggo {ejU A{YH$ à^mdembr hmo OmVm h¡&
(2) CÔoí¶ H$s àm{á h¡& (2) Bggo {ejU H$m¶© OëXr gånÝZ {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡&
(3) N>mÌm| d AܶmnH$ Ho$ ~rM AÝV…{H«$¶m H$mo ~‹T>mZm h¡& (3) Bggo {ejU H$m¶© AmgmZr go {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡&
(4) Cnamo³V g^r (4) Bggo [ejH$ H$mo AmË‘-{dídmg {‘bVm h¡&

12. {ddoMZmË‘H$ {ejmemñÌ H$m ¶h Ñ‹T> {dídmg h¡ {H$- 19. {ZåZ {d{Y¶m| ‘§o {ejU H$s H$m¡Zgr Eogr {d{Y h¡, {Og‘| {H$ h‘ N>mÌm|
(1) EH$ {ejH$ H$mo h‘oem H$jm H$j Ho$ AZwXoeZ H$m ZoV¥Ëd H$aZm Mm{hE& H$mo A[YH$ go A{YH$ ^mJ boZo H$m Adga Xo gH$Vo h¢?
(2) {ejm{W©¶m| H$mo ñdVÝÌ ê$n go VH©$Um Zht H$aZr Mm{hE& (1) àXe©Z {d{Y (2) {ZJ‘Z {d{Y
(3) ~ÀMo ñHy$b go ~mha ³¶m grIVo h¢? ¶h Aàmg§{JH$ h¡& (3) àíZmoÎma {d{Y (4) {díbofU {d{Y
(4) {ejm{W©¶m§o Ho$ AZw^d Am¡a à˶jU ‘hÎdnyU© hmoVo h¢&
20. AmJ‘Z {d{Y ‘o§ {ejU gyÌ H$m à¶moJ hmoVm h¡-
13. {ZåZ ‘| go grIZo Ho$ nR>ma Ho$ {ZamH$aU H$m/Ho$ Cnm¶ h¡/h¢- (1) {Z¶‘ go CXmhaU H$s Amoa
(1) {ejU {d{Y (2) gyú‘ go ñWyb H$s Amoa
(2) {dlm‘ H$s ì¶dñWm (3) kmV go AkmV H$s Amoa
(3) àoaUm ‘| n[adV©Z (4) C³V g^r
(4) Cn¶w©³V g^r
21. AmJ‘ZmË‘H$ Ed§ {ZJ‘ZmË‘H$ {ejU {d{Y¶m± h¢-
14. ¶{X ñHy$b ‘| nyao g‘¶ VH$ ~ÀMm| H$mo {ejm H$m¶©H«$‘m| ‘| nyar Vah (1) n¥WH²$-n¥WH²$
ì¶ñV aIm OmE, Vmo AmnHo$ »¶mb go H$m¡Zgr g‘ñ¶m n¡Xm Zht hmoJr? (2) EH$-Xÿgao na Am{lV
(1) J¥h-H$m¶© XoZo H$s Amdí¶H$Vm Zht n‹S>oJr& (3) EH$-Xÿgao H$s nyaH$
(2) N>mÌm| Ho ñHy$b Ho$ ~mX Q²>¶yeZ n‹T>Zo H$s Oê$aV Zht hmoJr& (4) EH$-Xÿgao go ñdVÝÌ
(3) AZwemgZhrZVm n¡Xm Zht hmoJr&
22. {ZJ‘Z {d{Y ‘mJ© h¡-
(4) N>mÌm| ‘| n‹T>Zo Ho$ à{V ê${M ‘| H$‘r Zht AmEJr&
(1) emoY H$m (2) Vrd«Vm H$m
15. H$jm-{ejU Ho$ Xm¡amZ N>mÌ àíZ nyN>Vo Am¡a àíZm| H$m CÎma XoVo h¢& (3) AZwH$aU H$m (4) ImoO H$m
Bg {d{Y go- 23. ~mb Ho$pÝÐV {ejU {d{Y H$m CÔoí¶ hmoVm h¡-
(1) AܶmnH$ H$mo nVm bJVm h¡ {H$ N>mÌ nmR> H$mo {H$VZm g‘P aho h¢&
(1) N>mÌm| ‘| ‘w³V$ T>§J go grIZo H$s ¶mo½¶VmAm| H$m {dH$mg H$aZm
(2) N>mÌm| ‘| AmË‘-{dídmg n¡Xm hmoVm h¡ d ~‹T>Vm h¡&
(2) N>mÌm| ‘| ñdVÝÌ H$m¡ebm| H$m {dH$mg H$aZm
(3) N>mÌm§o H$mo AnZr ~mV R>rH$ T>§J go nyN>Zo H$m à{ejU {‘bVm h¡&
(3) N>mÌm| ‘| AmË‘ {Z^©aVm H$m {dH$mg H$aZm
(4) Cn¶w©³V g^r
(4) Cn¶w©³V g^r
9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23.
(2) (1) (4) (4) (4) (4) (4) (2) (3) (1) (3) (2) (3) (3) (4)
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&

n¥îR> 314 {ejU A{YJ‘ H$s ì¶yh aMZm Ed§ {d{Y¶m± àJʶ
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
24. O~ {ejH$ A{V g{H«$¶ hmo VWm N>mÌJU {ZpîH«$¶ hmo Am¡a Ho$db 32. Iob-{d{Y H$m ghr AW© h¡-
lmoVm‘mÌ hr hmo, Vmo Eogr nÕ{V H$mo H$hVo h¢- (1) ~mbH$m| H$s ‘Zmoa§OZ H$s BÀN>m H$s ny{V© ‘mÌ
(1) ì¶m»¶mZ nÕ{V (2) AgmBZ‘oÝQ> nÕ{V (2) ~mbH$m| H$mo Iob H$s nyU© ñdmYrZVm ‘mÌ
(3) àmoOo³Q> nÕ{V (4) Cn¶w©³V ‘| go H$moB© Zht (3) ~mbH$m| H$s Iob àd¥{Îm H$mo gÝVwîQ> H$aVo hþE bm^àX e¡{jH$ n[aUm‘
{ZH$mbZm&
25. ì¶m»¶mZ {d{Y H$m à¶moJ {H$g n[apñW{V ‘| H$aZo na dh A˶{YH$ (4) Cn¶w©³V ‘| go H$moB© Zht
Cn¶moJr {gÕ hmoJr?
(1) O~ {ejH$ {H$gr ZdrZ Ed§ O{Q>b nmR> H$mo àmaå^ H$aZo Om ahm hmo& 33. gm‘y{hH$ Iobm| go N>mÌ H$mo H$m¡Zgm bm^ hmoVm h¡?
(2) O~ {ejH$ {H$gr g¡ÕmpÝVH$ nj H$s ì¶m»¶m H$aZm MmhVm hmo& (1) CÎmaXm{¶Ëd {Z^mZo Ho$ JwU H$m {dH$mg
(3) O~ {ejH$ {H$gr àXe©Ým H$s ì¶m»¶m H$aZo ‘| ê${M aIVm hmo& (2) {Z¶‘ nmbZ H$m Aä¶mg
(4) Cn¶w©³V g^r (3) {‘bH$a H$m¶© H$aZo H$s Q´>oqZJ

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(4) Cn¶w©³V g^r
26. H$jm-{ejU Ho$ Xm¡amZ Amn {H$Z N>mÌm| go àíZ nyN>|Jo?
(1) g~go H$‘Omoa ~ÀMm| go (2) Am¡gV XO©o Ho$ ~ÀMmo§ go 34. {dZo{Q>H$m {d{Y ‘§o {ejU {H$¶m OmVm h¡-
(3) n‹T>mB© ‘| VoO ~ÀMm| go (4) g^r ~ÀMm| go (1) d¡¶p³VH$ {ejU (2) H$jm {ejU
(3) naånamJV [ejU (4) gm‘y{hH$ {ejU
27. N>mÌ Ho$pÝÐV {ejU H$m Ame¶ h¡-
(1) à˶oH$ N>mÌ H$s Amdí¶H$Vm H$m ܶmZ aIZm 35. {ejU H$s AmJ‘Z {d{Y-
(2) N>mÌm| H$mo ‘Z‘mZr H$aZo H$s Ny>Q> XoZm (1) ñWyb go gyú‘ H$s Amoa ~‹T>Vr h¡&
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(3) N>mÌm| H$mo {Z…ewëH$ [ejm XoZm (2) à˶j go à‘mU H$r Amoa ~‹T>Vr h¡&
(4) [ejU ‘§o N>mÌm| H$m nyU© gh¶moJ boZm (3) {d{eîQ> go gm‘mݶ H$s Amoa ~‹T>Vr h¡&
(4) Cnamo³V g^r
28. H$jm-{ejU ‘| [ejH H$mo N>mÌm| H$mo-
(1) kmV go kmV H$s Amoa bo OmZm Mm{hE& 36. {ZåZ ‘| go {H$g {d{Y ‘| nm±M nX hmoVo h¢?
(2) kmV go AkmV H$s Amoa bo OmZm Mm{hE& (1) àmoOo³Q> {d{Y (2) ha~Q>© {d{Y
(3) AkmV go kmV H$s Amoa bo OmZm Mm{hE& (3) ãby‘ {dY (4) gwH$amVr {d{Y
(4) AkmV go AkmV H$s Amoa bo OmZm Mm{hE&
37. {ZJ‘Z {d{Y MbVr h¡-
29. {ejm H$s Iob {d{Y H$m AW© h¡- (1) kmV go AkmV H$s Amoa (2) {Z¶‘ go CXmhaU H$s Amoa
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(1) Iob {H«$¶mAm| Ûmam {ejm (3) gm‘mݶ go {d{eîQ> H$s Amoa (4) Cnamo³V g^r
(2) Iob {H«$¶mAm| Ûmam ‘Zmoa§OZ
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ 38. {ZJ‘Z {d{Y H$m EH$ à‘wI Xmof h¡-
(3) Iob H$s {ejm H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU (1) g‘¶ H$s ~~m©Xr
(4) {H«$¶merbVm na Omoa àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr (2) g˶ narjU ‘| Ag’$bVm
h¡ {H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s
30. à¶mooJ {d{Y go- (3) aQ>Zo H$s AmXV S>mbZm
PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ>
(1) N>mÌ H$aHo$ grIVo h¢& (4) H$moB© Zht
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(2) N>mÌ XoIH$a grIVo h¢& go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
39. CXmhaU XoZo Ho$ ~mX {Z¶‘ {ZH$bdmZo dmbo nmR> h¡-
(3) N>mÌ AZw^d H$aHo$ grIVo h¢&
(1) AmJ‘Z (2) {ZJ‘Z
(4) Cn¶w©³V g^r
(3) {dH$mgmË‘H$ (4) Cnamo³V g^r
31. Iob-{d{Y H$s {deofVm ¶h h¡ {H$-
40. AmJ‘Z {d{Y-
(1) H$m¶© (n‹T>mB©) H$m ñWmZ Iob bo bo&
(1) ‘pñVîH$ H$m {dH$mg H$aVr h¡&
(2) Bg‘o§ H$m¶© (n‹T>mB©) H$m H$moB© ‘hÎd Zht hmoVm&
(2) g‘¶ ~~m©X H$aVr h¡&
(3) Iob H$m g‘mdoe H$aHo$ H$m¶© (n‹T>mB©) H$s ZragVm H$mo Xÿa H$aZm&
(3) ~mbH$ H$mo grIZo H$s à{H«$¶m ‘| gh^mJr ~ZmVr h¡&
(4) Iob Ho$ {~Zm {ejm nyar Zht hmo gH$Vr&
(4) Cnamo³V g^r

24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40.
(1) (2) (4) (4) (2) (1) (4) (3) (3) (4) (4) (4) (2) (4) (3) (1) (4)
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àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
àJʶ {ejU A{YJ‘ H$s ì¶yh aMZm Ed§ {d{Y¶m± n¥îR> 315

41. gm‘y{hH$ {ejU àm¶…- 50. H$jm {ejU ‘| N>mÌm| H$m ܶmZ AmH¥$îQ> H$aZo Ho$ {bE Mm{hE-
(1) {ejH$-N>mÌ gånH©$ H$‘ H$aVm h¡& (1) Ñí¶ lì¶ gm‘J«r H$m à¶moJ
(2) H$jm Ho$pÝÐV hmoVm h¡& (2) nmR> Ho$ {dH$mg ‘| N>mÌm| H$m à¶moJ
(3) d¡¶p³VH$ ^oX H$m nmbZ Zht H$a nmVm& (3) nmR> H$mo amoMH$ ~Zm¶m OmZm ~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$
(4) Cnamo³V g^r (4) Cnamo³V g^r H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU
àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr
42. d¡¶p³VH$ {ejU {d{Y- 51. VwbZm {d{Y Ûmam {dH$mg hmoVm h¡- h¡ {H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s
(1) g‘¶ Am¡a ep³V H$m An춶 H$aVr h¡& (1) gmoMZo H$s ep³V H$m PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ>
(2) à{VñnYm© H$m ^md {dH${gV Zht H$aVr& (2) {ZarjU ep³V H$m www.praganya.org
(3) gm‘m{OH$Vm H$m kmZ Zht H$am nmVr& (3) dJuH$aU H$aZo H$s ep³V H$m go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
(4) Cnamo³V g^r (4) Cnamo³V g^r

43. àmoOo³Q> {d{Y Ho$ AÝVJ©V {ejH$- 52. à^mdr Ed§ g’$b {ejU Ho$ {bE gdm©{YH$ Amdí¶H$ h¡-
(1) EH$ ‘mJ©Xe©H$ hmoVm h¡& (1) {dÚm{W©¶m| H$mo A{YH$m{YH$ ZmoQ²>g {bIdmZm
(2) ‘yë¶m§H$ZH$Vm© hmoVm h¡& (2) ì¶mdhm[aH$ CXmhaUm| Ûmam {df¶ H$mo ñnîQ> H$aZm
(3) Ho$db Xe©H$ hmoVm h¡& (3) í¶m‘nÅ H$m A{YH$m{YH$ Cn¶moJ H$aZm
(4) H$moB© Zht (4) gm{hp˶H$ ^mfm H$m A{YH$m{YH$ à¶moJ H$aZm

44. Iob {d{Y Ûmam {ejm H$m AW© h¡- 53. àmW{‘H$ ñVa H$o {ejU H$m g~go AÀN>m VarH$m ³¶m h¡?
(1) Iob Ûmam ‘Zmoa§OZ (2) Iob H$s {ejm (1) naånamJV í¶m‘nÅ Am¡a Mm°H$ {d{Y
(3) Iob {H«$¶mAm| Ûmam {ejm (4) BZ‘| go H$moB© Zht (2) ñd¶§ grIZm
(3) à¶moJmË‘H$ {d{Y
45. {dkmZ [ejU H$s gdm}Îm‘ {d{Y h¡- (4) Iob {d{Y
(1) S>oH«$mobr {d{Y (2) à¶moJembm {d[Y
(3) {ZJ‘Z {d[Y (4) AmJ‘Z {d{Y 54. {ZåZ ‘| go {H$g aUZr{V go AܶmnH$ {H$gr ^r àH$ma go Zht ~M
gH$Vm?
46. øy[apñQ>H$ {d{Y gdm©{YH$ Cn¶moJr hmoJr- (1) ì¶m»¶mZ (2) nmR²>¶nwñVH$
(1) {dkmZ ‘| (2) ^mfm ‘| (3) ñnîQ>rH$aU (4) Cnamo³V g^r
(3) H$bm ‘| (4) Cnamo³V g^r ‘|
55. nmR> n[aM¶ Ho$ {bE {ZåZ ‘| go H$m¡Zgr aUZr{V gdm©{YH$ Cn¶w³V h¡?
47. H$moB© dñVw AnZo Am¶VZ Ho$ ~am~a Ob ~mha {ZH$mbVr h¡ ¶h {Z¶‘ (1) ì¶m»¶mZ (2) àíZmoÎma
~VmZo Ho$ ~mX H$B© à¶moJm| Ho$ Ûmam Bgo {gÕ {H$¶m OmVm h¡& [ejU (3) {ddaU (4) àXe©Z
H$s ¶h {d{Y h¡-
(1) AmJ‘Z {d{Y (2) {ZJ‘Z {d{Y 56. {ZåZ ‘| go H$m¡Zgm AZwdJ© {ejU H$m g~go ~‹S>m bm^ h¡?
(3) à¶moJembm {d{Y (4) øy[apñQ>H$ {d{Y (1) H$‘Omoa N>mÌm| H$mo CnMmamË‘H$ {ejU àXmZ {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡&
(2) h‘ EH$-EH$ H$aHo$ g^r {eî¶m| na ܶmZ Xo gH$Vo h¢&
48. àmoOo³Q> {d{Y {H$g {gÕmÝV na AmYm[aV h¡? (3) Bg‘| N>mÌm| H$s Amoa go A[YH$V‘ AmË‘ A{^ì¶p³V gå^d h¢&
(1) M¶Z Ho$ {gÕmÝV na (4) Cnamo³V g^r
(2) àoaUm Ho$ {gÕmÝV na
(3) {Z¶‘rH$aU Ho$ {gÕmÝV na 57. àíZmoÎma {d{Y H$mo g’$ëm ~ZmZo Ho$ {bE {ZåZ ‘| go {H$g {~ÝXþ H$mo
(4) H$aHo$ grIZo Ho$ {gÕmÝV na ܶmZ ‘| aIZm Mm{hE?
(1) ha àíZ AJbo àíZ go gå~pÝYV hmoZm Mm{hE&
49. ì¶mH$aU {ejU H$s gdm}Îm‘ {d{Y h¡- (2) N>mÌm| H$mo ^r H$jm ‘| àíZ nyN>Zo H$s ñdVÝÌVm Xr OmZr Mm{hE&
(1) g§íbofU {d{Y (2) {díbofU {d{Y (3) Eogo àíZ Zht nyN>o OmZo Mm{hE, {OZH$m CÎma hm± ¶m Zht ‘| hmo&
(3) AmJ‘Z {d{Y (4) {ZJ‘Z {d{Y (4) Cnamo³V g^r

41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57.
(4) (4) (1) (3) (2) (1) (2) (4) (2) (4) (3) (2) (4) (3) (2) (2) (4)
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&

n¥îR> 316 {ejU A{YJ‘ H$s ì¶yh aMZm Ed§ {d{Y¶m± àJʶ
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
58. {ZåZ ‘| go H$m¡Zgr aUZr{V ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ {gÕmÝVm| Ho$ g~go A{YH$ 67. nydm©ä¶mg {ejU {ZåZ ‘| go {H$g ‘mݶVm na AmYm[aV h¡?
{ZH$Q> h¡? (1) AܶmnH$ Ho$ ì¶dhma ‘| n[adV©Z bm¶m Om gH$Vm h¡&
(1) àíZmoÎma (2) ì¶m»¶mZ (2) BpÀN>V ì¶dhma H$m Aä¶mg {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡&
(3) nmR>²¶nwñVH$ (4) Cnamo³V g^r (3) gm‘m{OH$ H$m¡ebm| H$mo gåào{fV {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡&
(4) Cnamo³V g^r
59. n[a¶moOZm {d{Y ‘| {ZåZ ‘| go {H$Z Ho$ Zm‘ Ow‹S>o h¢?
(1) Om°Z S>rdr (2) {H$bn¡{Q´>H$ 68. gyú‘ {ejU ì¶dhma ‘| gwYma bmVm h¡-
(3) Cnamo³V XmoZm| (4) Cnamo³V H$moB© Zht (1) Aä¶mg Ûmam (2) àojU Ûmam
(3) nwîQ>nmofU Ûmam (4) Cnamo³V g^r
60. n[a¶moOZm {d{Y ‘o§ hb H$s J¶r g‘ñ¶m hmoVr h¡-
(1) dmñV{dH$ Ed§ ì¶mdhm[aH$ (2) dmñV{dH$ Ed§ g¡ÕmpÝVH$ 69. àH¥${VdmXr {ejm CnmJ‘ Ho$ AZwgma {ZåZm§{H$V {ejU {d{Y na {deof
(3) g¡ÕmpÝVH$ Ed§ H$mën{ZH$ (4) Cnamo³V g^r ~b {X¶m OmVm h¡-

www.praganya.org
(1) à¶moOZm {d{Y (Project Method)
61. n[a¶moOZm {d{Y H$m bm^ Zht h¡- (2) H$aHo$ grIZm (Learning by Doing)
(1) ¶h H$aHo$ grIZo Ho$ {gÕmÝV na AmYm[aV h¡& (3) {dMma {d‘e© (Discussion)
(2) ¶h VËnaVm, Aä¶mg VWm à^md Ho$ {gÕmÝVm| na AmYm[aV h¡& (4) Cnamo³V ‘| go H$moB© Zht
(3) ¶h Ho$db g¥OZmË‘H$ Ed§ à{V^mdmZ N>mÌm| Ho$ {bE Cn¶w³V h¡&
(4) ¶hm± dmñV{dH$ OrdZ H$s g‘ñ¶mAm| H$mo hb {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡& 70. à¶moOZdmX {ejm-Xe©Z H$s {ejm H$mo XoZ h¡-
(1) AmJ‘Z {ZJ‘Z {d{Y
62. {H$g {d{Y Ûmam N>mÌm| H$mo H$m¶© AZw^d àXmZ {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡?
www.praganya.org

(2) H$aHo$ grIZm

(1) ImoO {d{Y Ûmam (2) {díbofU {d{Y Ûmam (3) ¶moOZm nÕ{V
(3) n[a¶moOZm {d{Y Ûmam (4) n[aMMm© {d{Y Ûmam (4) Cnamo³V g^r
63. ^y{‘H$m {Zd©hZ {d[Y AܶmnH$ n«{ejU H$m°boOm| Ho$ {bE g~go A[YH$ 71. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go EH$ {deofVm grIZo go gå~pÝYV Zht h¡-
Cn¶w³V h¡, ³¶m|{H$- (1) ZdrZ à{V{H«$¶mAm| H$m AO©Z
(1) Aä¶mg ì¶p³V H$mo n[anyU© ~ZmVm h¡& (2) ì¶dhma ‘| ñWm¶r n[adV©Z
(2) AmbmoMZmË‘H$ àojU ^r Jb{V¶m| H$mo Xÿa H$a gH$Vm h¡& (3) à{ejU Ed§ {ZarjU na AmYm[aV
(3) Cnamo³V XmoZm| (4) CÔrnH$-AZw{H«$¶m ‘| AgmhM¶©
(4) Cnamo³V H$moB© Zht
www.praganya.org

72. {ejU H$mo à^mdr ~Zm¶m Om gH$Vm h¡-

64. AÝdofU d ImoO aUZr{V¶m| go {ZH$Q> aUZr{V h¡- (1) àOmVmpÝÌH$ {d{Y Ûmam (2) H$R>moa AZwemgZ Ûmam
(1) AmJ‘Z (2) {ZJ‘Z (3) VmZmemhr ì¶dhma Ûmam (4) H$jm H$mo ì¶ñV aIH$a
(3) {díbofU (4) g§íbofU
73. àmW{‘H$ ñVa na {dkmZ {ejU H$s à^mdr {d{Y h¡-
65. {ZåZ ‘| go H$m¡Z g§íbofU {d{Y H$m CXmhaU h¡? (1) AZw^d AmYm[aV {ejU (2) à¶moJembm {d{Y
(1) nmR> H$m gmam§e {bIZm (3) ‘m¡{IH$ dmVm© (4) nmR²>¶-nwñVH$ {d{Y
(2) g‘ñ¶m Ho$ H$maUm| H$mo OmZZm
(3) à¶moJm| Ho$ AmYma na {Z¶‘ d {gÕmÝV à{Vnm{XV H$aZm 74. ZdmMma H$mo dmñV{dH$Vm H$s H$gm¡Q>r na naIZo hoVw Am¶moOZ {H$¶m
(4) Cnamo³V g^r OmZm Mm{hE-
(1) H$m¶©embmAm| H$m (2) go{‘Zma H$m
66. gyú‘ {ejU Bg ‘mݶVm na AmYm[aV h¡ {H$- (3) {dMma-{d‘e© g§JmoîR>r H$m (4) Cn¶w©³V g^r
(1) AܶmnH$ Ho$ ì¶dhma ‘| gwYma Aä¶mg Ûmam gå^d h¡&
(2) nwZ~©bZ AܶmnH$ Ho$ ì¶dhma ‘| gwYma bm gH$Vm h¡& 75. {ZåZ ‘§o go {H«$¶m AmYm[aV nÕ{V Zht h¡-
(3) {ejU H$s O{Q>bVm Ho$ ì¶dhma ‘| gwYma bm gH$Vm h¡& (1) H$m¶© embm (2) ^y{‘H$m {Zdm©h
(4) Cnamo³V g^r (3) à¶moJembm {d{Y (4) Xb {ejU

58. 59. 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 67. 68. 69. 70. 71. 72. 73. 74. 75.
(1) (3) (1) (3) (3) (3) (3) (4) (4) (4) (4) (2) (3) (4) (1) (1) (4) (4)
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
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àJʶ {ejU A{YJ‘ H$s ì¶yh aMZm Ed§ {d{Y¶m± n¥îR> 317

76. A{^H«${‘V A{YJ‘ ‘§o emIr¶ ’«o$‘ {Z‘m©U {H$gZo {dH${gV {H$¶m? 84. N>mÌm| ‘| Aܶ¶Z Ho$ à{V ê${M {dH${gV H$aZo Ho$ {bE g~go ‘hÎdnyU©
(1) H«$mCS>a (2) Oo. Oo. em°d VarH$m h¡- ~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$
(3) ³bmH©$ (4) ³bmg{‘¶a (1) {ejU {d{Y ‘| gwYma H$aZm H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU
(2) N>mÌm| H$mo XpÊS>V H$aZm àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr
77. Iob {ejU {d{Y Ho$ à{VnmXH$ H$m¡Z h¡? (3) A{^^mdH$m§o go {eH$m¶V H$aZm h¡ {H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s
(1) gwH$amV (2) ’«$mo~ob (4) N>mÌm| H$mo {nH${ZH$ na bo OmZm PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ>
(3) {H$bn¡{Q´>H$ (4) AañVy www.praganya.org
85. ZdmMma H$s {deofVm Zht h¡- go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
78. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgm gyú‘ J{VH$ H$m¡eb H$m CXmhaU h¡? (1) BgH$m CX²^d Amdí¶H$Vm Ed§ n[apñW{VOݶ h¡&
(1) ’w$XH$Zm (2) Xm¡‹S>Zm (2) Bg‘| {d{eîQ>Vm H$m nwQ> ahVm h¡&
(3) {bIZm (4) M‹T>Zm (3) ¶h gMoVZ Ed§ AZm¶mg AnZm¶m OmVm h¡&
(4) Bg‘| A{^àoaUm Ed§ J˶mË‘H$Vm Ho$ JwU hmoVo h¢&
79. {ZåZ H$jmAm| ‘| {ejU H$s Iob {d{Y AmYm[aV h¡-
(1) emar[aH$ {ejm H$m¶©H«$‘m| Ho$ {gÕmÝV na 86. AmJ‘Z {d{Y N>moQ>o ~ÀMm| Ed§ ‘ÝX g^r N>mÌm| Ho$ {bE Cn¶w³V h¡,
(2) {ejU H$s {d{Y¶m| Ho$ {gÕmÝV na
³¶m|{H$-
(3) {dH$mg Ed§ d¥{Õ Ho$ ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ {gÕmÝV na
(1) {Z¶‘ d gyÌ CZ V϶mo§ Ho$ AmYma na {ZH$mbo OmVo h¢ {OÝh| N>mÌ nhbo
(4) {ejU Ho$ gm‘m{OH$ {gÕmÝVm| na
go OmZVo h¢&
80. [ejU H$mo gwMmê$ ê$n go MbmZo Ho$ {bE EH$ {ejH$ H$mo A{YH$ go (2) Bg‘| kmV A{YH$m§eV… ñd A{YJ‘ Ûmam àmá {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡&
(3) Bg‘| N>mÌ Amaå^ go AÝV VH$ ê${M Zht ImoVo&
A{YH$ àíZ nyN>Zo Mm{hE, ³¶m|{H$ Bggo-
(4) Cnamo³V g^r
(1) H$jm H$m AZwemgZ ~Zm ahVm h¡&
(2) N>mÌm| H$mo ¶h nÕ{V ngÝX Zht hmoVr h¡& 87. {ZåZ g^r AmJ‘Z {d{Y H$s hm{Z¶m± h¢, {gdm¶-
(3) N>mÌm| H$mo A{^ì¶p³V H$m Adga {‘bVm h¡& (1) ¶h A{YH$ g‘¶ ZîQ> H$aVr h¡&
(4) {ejH$ H$mo A{^ì¶p³V H$m Adga {‘bVm h¡& (2) ¶h kmV go AkmV H$s Amoa MbVr h¡&
(3) ¶h B{Vhmg, ^yJmob Am{X H$mo n‹T>mZo Ho$ {bE ~hþV H$‘ Cn¶w³V h¡&
81. CÀM àmW{‘H$ ñVa na {ejH$ H$mo {H«$¶mË‘H$ emoY H$m kmZ hmoZm
(4) ¶h N>mÌm| Ho$ ‘pñVîH$ ‘| nyU© H$m à˶¶ {dH${gV Zht H$aVr&
Mm{hE, ³¶m|{H$ do-
(1) BgHo$ ‘mܶ‘ go ~ÀMm| H$s g‘ñ¶m H$s nhMmZ H$a gwYma H$aZo H$m 88. ¶{X H$jm ‘| Hw$N> ~ÀMo n‹T>Zo ‘o§ H$‘Omoa hmo Am¡a Hw$N> VoO hmo, Vmo
H$m¡eb {dH${gV H$a nmE±Jo& AܶmnH$ Ho$ {bE ³¶m C{MV h¡?
(2) AnZm ñd¶§ H$m {dH$mg H$a nmE±Jo& (1) {d{^ÝZ à¶moOZm| Ho$ {bE ~ÀMm| H$mo ¶mo½¶Vm d ê${M Ho$ AmYma na g‘yhm|
(3) ~ÀMm| H$mo à^mdr T>§J go n‹T>m nmE±Jo& ‘| ~m±Q> H$a H$m¶© H$amE&
(4) emoY H$aZo H$m H$m¡eb {dH${gV H$a nmE±Jo& (2) H$‘Omoa ~ÀMm| H$mo n‹T>mZo H$m H$m‘ VoO ~ÀMm| H$mo gm¢n Xo&
(3) H$‘Omoa ~ÀMm| H$mo ñHy$b Q>mB‘ Ho$ ~mX AbJ go n‹T>mE&
82. nmR²>¶H«$‘ d {ejU {d{Y ‘| JwU hmoZm A{Zdm¶© h¡-
(4) VoO ~ÀMm| H$mo ñdV… n‹T>Zo H$s Ny>Q> XoH$a H$‘Omoa ~ÀMm| H$s Amoa ܶmZ
(1) H$R>moanZ H$m
Xo&
(2) bMrbonZ H$m
(3) nwZ~©bZ H$m 89. H$jm-{ejU Ho$ Xm¡amZ H$moB© N>mÌ n‹T>mB© H$s Amoa ܶmZ Zht Xo ahm hmo,
(4) Cn¶w©³V g^r
Vmo Eogr [ñW{V ‘| Amn EH$ {ejH$ hmoZo Ho$ ZmVo ³¶m H$a|Jo?
83. ~rOm| H$m A§Hw$aU g§H$ënZm Ho$ {ejU H$s g~go à^mdr nÕ{V h¡- (1) Cg N>mÌ H$mo S>m±Q>|Jo&
(1) {dñV¥V ì¶m»¶m H$aZm (2) Cgo MoVmdZr XoZo H$o ~mX H$jm go ~mha {ZH$mb X|Jo&
(2) {dÚm{W©¶m| Ûmam nm¡Yo Ho$ ~rO ~moZm Am¡a CgHo$ A§Hw$aU Ho$ MaUm| H$m (3) n‹T>mVo g‘¶ Cggo àíZ nyN>Vo ah|Jo, Vm{H$ CgH$m ܶmZ n‹T>mB© ‘| bJm
AdbmoH$Z H$aZm aho&
(3) í¶m‘nÅ> na {MÌ ~ZmZm Am¡a dU©Z H$aZm (4) CgH$mo ñnîQ> ~Vm X|Jo {H$ ¶m Vmo dh ܶmZ Xo ¶m H$jm go ~mha Mbm
(4) ~rO H$s d¥{Õ Ho$ {MÌ {XImZm OmE&
*******
76. 77. 78. 79. 80. 81. 82. 83. 84. 85. 86. 87. 88. 89.
(1) (2) (3) (3) (3) (4) (2) (2) (1) (3) (3) (2) (3) (3)
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
n¥îR> 318 ‘yë¶m§H$Z
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Aܶm¶ 16
‘yë¶m§H$Z
16.1 àñVmdZm
{ejm Ho$ joÌ ‘| Om±M Am¡a narjm Ho$ ñWmZ na ‘mnZ Ed§ ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$m à¶moJ
{H$¶m OmVm h¡& BgHo$ CÔoí¶, joÌ Am¡a H$m¶©-àUmbr nwamZo T>§J go br OmZo
dmbr narjm go {^ÝZ h¢& AܶmnZ {H«$¶mAm| Ûmam N>mÌm| Ho$ kmZmË‘H$, ^mdmË‘H$
VWm {H«$¶mË‘H$ VrZm| hr njm| H$m {dH$mg {H$¶m OmVm h¡& {Zîn{Îm ¶m CnbpãY
narjUm| Ûmam N>mÌm| Ho$ kmZmË‘H$ nj H$m ‘mnZ {H$¶m OmVm h¡, naÝVw CZHo$
^mdmË‘H$ Am¡a ‘Zmoemar[aH$ njm| Ho$ {dH$mg H$m ‘mnZ H${R>Z hmoVm h¡& AV…
BZ XmoZm| njm| Ho$ ‘mnZ hoVw ‘yë¶m§H$Z à{H«$¶m A{YH$ Cn¶moJr h¡, ³¶m|{H$
‘yë¶m§H$Z EH$ gVV² à{H«$¶m h¡ VWm BgHo$ Ûmam n[a‘mUmË‘H$ Am¡a JwUmË‘H$
XmoZm| hr njm| Ho$ ~mao ‘| gyMZmE± àmá hmoVr h¢& Bg àH$ma {ejm Ho$ joÌ ‘|
‘yë¶m§H$Z H$m {deof ‘hÎd h¡&
N>mÌm| Ho$ ì¶dhma ‘| n[adV©Z {H$g gr‘m VH$ hmo nmE VWm CZH$m
‘yë¶m§H$Z ³¶m ahm? Bg gå~ÝY ‘| {ZU©¶ ‘yë¶m§H$Z Ûmam hr {H$¶m Om gH$Vm
h¡& àmMrZ T>§J H$s narjmAm| Ûmam Ho$db {df¶-dñVw Ho$ kmZ H$s CnbpãY
H$m {ZU©¶ hr {H$¶m OmVm h¡, O~{H$ ‘yë¶m§H$Z Ûmam {ejm Ho$ CÔoí¶m| H$s àm{á
VWm gånyU© ì¶p³VËd Ho$ {Z‘m©U H$s Om±M H$mo bú¶ ‘mZm OmVm h¡¡& AV… ¶h
H$hm Om gH$Vm h¡ {H$ àM{bV narjmAm| H$s Anojm ‘yë¶m§H$Z A{YH$ ì¶mnH$
VWm CÔoí¶nyU© h¡&
16.2 ‘mnZ H$m AW©
‘mnZ H$m AW© h¡- {H$gr ì¶p³V Ho$ JwU Ed§ ì¶dhma AWdm dñVw Ho$ JwU H$m
g§»¶mË‘H$ {ddaU àñVwV H$aZm& ‘mnZ {H«$¶m ‘| {d{^ÝZ njm| Ho$ gå~ÝY
‘| gmú¶m| H$m g§H$bZ {H$¶m OmVm h¡& ‘mnZ {H$gr dñVw ¶m CnbpãY H$m
g§»¶mË‘H$ ‘mZ h¡& O¡go- àmMr H$m dOZ 35 {H$J«m. h¡, ObO H$s ~w{ÕbpãY
140 h¡, MH«o$e Ho$ J{UV ‘§o 90% A§H$ h¢, Am{X& Xÿgao eãXm| ‘| ‘mnZ Ûmam
¶h nVm bJm¶m Om gH$Vm h¡ {H$ H$moB© dñVw, JwU ¶m {deofVm ‘| {H$VZr h¡?
Bg àH$ma ‘mnZ ‘| A§H$ àXmZ {H$¶o OmVo h¢ VWm {H$gr JwU ¶m
{deofVm Ho$ àVrH$ {ZYm©[aV {H$¶o OmVo h¢, {Oggo n[a‘mU H$m ghr kmZ hmo
gHo$& narjH$ N>mÌm| H$s CÎma nwpñVH$mAm| H$s Om±M H$aHo$ AnZm {ZU©¶ A§H$m|
Ho$ ê$n ‘| XoVo h¢& ¶hm± na narjm ‘| àmá {H$¶o J¶o A§H$ ~mbH$ H$s CnbpãY H$m
àVrH$ ‘mÌ hr h¢& AV… ‘mnZ dh à{H«$¶m h¡ {OgHo$ Ûmam {d{^ÝZ ¶mo½¶VmAm|
VWm JwUm| Ho$ n[a‘mU Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘| ~Vm¶m OmVm h¡, naÝVw BVZm hr n¶m©á Zht
ahVm, AܶmnH$ H$mo ¶h ^r ܶmZ aIZm hmoVm h¡ {H$ ‘mnZ Ûmam àmá A§H$m|
H$m ñVa ³¶m h¢? AWm©V² N>mÌm| Ho$ àmám§H$ {H$VZo AÀN>o h¢? BgH$m {ZYm©aU
H$aZm ‘yë¶m§H$Z Ho$ AÝVJ©V AmVm h¡& Bggo ¶h {ZîH$f© {ZH$bVm h¡ {H$ ‘mnZ
‘yë¶m§H$Z H$m hr ^mJ h¡ AWm©V² ‘yë¶m§H$Z ‘| ‘mnZ {Z{hV hmoVm h¡&
àJʶ
16.3 ‘mnZ H$s n[a^mfmE±
{^ÝZ-{^ÝZ {dÛmZm| Zo ‘mnZ H$mo {^ÝZ-{^ÝZ àH$ma n[a^m{fV {H$¶m h¡, CZ‘|
go Hw$N> n[a^mfmE± {ZåZ{b{IV h¢-
1. Eg.Eg. ñQ>rdoÝg Ho$ AZwgma-
‘mnZ {H$Ýht {ZpíMV ñdrH¥$V {Z¶‘m| Ho$ AZwgma dñVwAm§o H$mo A§H$ àXmZ H$aZo
H$s à{H«$¶m h¡&
2. ‘mBH$b VWm H$mZug Ho$ AZwgma-
‘mnZ ¶h ~VmVm h¡ {H$ H$moB© dñVw {H$VZr ‘mÌm ‘| h¡ ¶m dh {H$VZr H$‘ ¶m Á¶mXm
h¡ ¶m {H$VZr A{YH$ ¶m H$‘ h¡&
3. ~«oS>’$sbS> VWm ‘moaoS>m°H$ Ho$ AZwgma-
{H$gr V϶ Ho$ {d{^ÝZ Am¶m‘m| H$mo àVrH$ àXmZ H$aZm hr ‘mnZ H$hbmVm h¡&
4. h¡ë‘ñQ>oS>a Ho$ AZwgma-
‘mnZ H$mo {H$gr ì¶p³V ¶m nXmW© ‘| {Z{hV {deofVmAm| Ho$ Am§{H$H$ dU©Z H$s à{H«$¶m
Ho$ ê$n ‘| n[a^m{fV {H$¶m J¶m h¡&
16.4 ‘mnZ H$s {deofVmE±
‘mnZ H$s Hw$N> à‘wI {deofVmE± {ZåZ{b{IV h¢-
1. ¶h dñVw{ZîR> Ed§ d¡km{ZH$ {d{Y h¡&
2. ‘mnZ Ho$ {bE ‘mnZr H$m à¶moJ {H$¶m OmVm h¡, O¡go- ~w{Õ ‘mnZ
Ho$ {bE {~Zo-gmB‘Z ~w{Õ ‘mnZr&
3. ‘mnZ Ho$ {bE BH$mB©¶m± hmoVr h¢, O¡go- bå~mB© Ho$ {bE ‘rQ>a,
goÊQ>r‘rQ>a VWm e¡{jH$ ‘mnZ ‘| àm‘m{UH$, àmám§H$, O¡go-eVm§H$,
OoS>-ñH$moa, Q>r-ñH$moa Am{X&
4. ‘mnZ ‘| A§H$m| H$s ì¶m»¶m H$aZo Ho$ à{V‘mZ hmoVo h¢, {OgHo$ AmYma
na VwbZm H$aHo$ h‘ ~Vm gH$Vo h¢ {H$ H$m¡Z ~mbH$ Am¡gV ~w{Õ H$m
h¡ Am¡a H$m¡Z Am¡gV go D$na h¡ VWm {H$VZm D$na h¡&
16.5 ‘mnZ Ho$ ñVa
‘mnZ Ho$ AÝVJ©V ì¶p³V¶m|, KQ>ZmAm|, dñVwAm|, erbJwUm| AWdm {deofVmAm|
H$mo g§»¶mË‘H$ ¶m n[a‘mUmË‘H$ ê$n àXmZ {H$¶m OmVm h¡& ì¶mdhm[aH$ ê$n go
‘mnZ H$s ‘w»¶V… Mma àM{bV {d{Y¶m± h¢& ‘mnZ H$s BZ {d{Y¶m| H$mo ‘mnZr
¶m ñVa ^r H$hVo h¢& à˶oH$ ‘mnZr H$m n[aewÕVm Ho$ ñVa na gabVmnyd©H$
dJuH$aU {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡-
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
àJʶ ‘yë¶m§H$Z n¥îR> 319
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
1. Zm{‘V ‘mnZr AWdm empãXH$ ‘mnZr {H$VZm A{YH$ nmg ¶m Xÿa h¡&
¶h ‘mnZ H$s g~go {ZåZ loUr H$s ‘mnZr h¡& Bg‘| dñVwAm|, KQ>ZmAm| AWdm
{deofVmAm| H$mo CZHo$ {H$Ýht {ZpíMV JwUm| Ho$ AmYma na AbJ-AbJ g‘yhm|
‘| aIm OmVm h¡& Cg g‘yh H$s nhMmZ Ho$ {bE Cgo H$moB© g§»¶m, {M• AWdm 16.6 ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$m AW©
Zm‘ Xo {X¶m OmVm h¡& Bg g‘yh H$s EH$ {deofVm hmoVr h¡ {H$ Cg g‘yh Ho$ {ejH$ O~ CÔoí¶m| Ho$ {bE A{YJ‘ n[apñW{V¶m| H$m gmdYmZrnyd©H$ {ZYm©aU
g^r ì¶p³V ¶m VÎd Amng ‘| Vmo g‘mZ hmoVo h¢, naÝVw {H$gr Xÿgao g‘yh go H$a boVm h¡ V~ ‘yë¶m§H$Z Ho$ {bE narjm H$m {Z‘m©U {H$¶m OmVm h¡& Bg narjm
{~ëHw$b {^ÝZ hmoVo h¢& O¡go- ‘VXmVmAm| H$mo ñÌr ¶m nwê$f dJmoª ‘| {d^m{OV Ûmam ¶h {ZpíMV {H$¶m OmVm h¡ {H$ BZ CÔoí¶m| H$s àm{á H$hm± VH$ hmo gH$s
H$aZm, {d{^ÝZ Xoem| H$s {H«$Ho$Q> ¶m ’w$Q>~m°b Am{X Iobm| H$s Q>r‘m| H$mo AbJ- h¡& ‘oJa Ho$ AZwgma Bg nX Ho$ AÝVJ©V {ejH$ {ejU {d{Y¶m|, à{d{Y¶m|,
AbJ a§J H$s doe^yfm VWm nhMmZ {M• VWm H«$‘m§H$ XoZm, {d{^ÝZ ñVa Ho$ AZwXoeZ VWm Aݶ {ejU ghm¶H$ gm‘J«r H$s Cn¶mo{JVm H$m ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$aVm
N>mÌ-N>mÌmAm| H$mo AbJ-AbJ lo{U¶m| ‘| {d^m{OV H$aZm Am{X& Bg ñVa h¡, {Oggo CZ‘| gwYma VWm {dH$mg Ho$ {bE {ejH$ H$mo àmoËgmhZ {‘bVm h¡,
Ho$ ‘mnZ Ho$ {bE àíZmdbr VWm {ZarjU à{d{Y H$m à¶moJ {H$¶m OmVm h¡& {OgHo$ AmYma na dh CÎm‘ gmÜmZm| VWm òmoVm| H$m à¶moJ A{YJ‘ CÝZ{V
Ho$ {bE H$aVm h¡& ‘mnZ Ûmam {d{^ÝZ JwUm|, ¶mo½¶mVmAm| AWdm {deofVmAm| Ho$
2. H«${‘H$ ‘mnZr AWdm H«$‘gyMH$ ‘mnZr
n[a‘mU Ho$ ~mao ‘| OmZH$mar àmá hmoVr h¡ {H$ A‘wH$ N>mÌ ¶m N>mÌm Zo 50 ‘| go
‘mnZ H$s empãXH$ ‘mnZr H$s Anojm H«${‘H$ ‘mnZr A{YH$ n[aewÕ ‘mnZr
35 ¶m 40 A§H$ àmá {H$¶o, naÝVw 50 ‘| go 35 ¶m 40 A§H$ àmá H$aZm hr
h¡& Bg‘| KQ>ZmAm| Ed§ dñVwAm| H$m dJuH$aÊm AnojmH¥$V A{YH$ ñnîQ> hmoVm
n¶m©á Zht hmoVm h¡& AܶmnH$ H$mo ¶h ^r OmZZm hmoVm h¡ {H$ N>mÌ Ho$ àmám§H$
h¡& Bg ‘mnZr ¶m ñVa ‘| KQ>ZmAm|, ì¶p³V¶m| AWdm {deofVmAm| H$mo {H$gr
{H$VZo AÀN>o h¢? AV… ‘yë¶m§H$Z Ho$ AÝVJ©V {H$gr JwU, ¶mo½¶Vm AWdm
JwU ¶m g‘mZVm Ho$ AmYma na ~‹T>Vo hþE H«$‘ ¶m KQ>Vo hþE H«$‘ ‘| ì¶d{ñWV
{deofVm H$m ‘yë¶ {ZYm©[aV {H$¶m OmVm h¡ AWm©V² ‘yë¶m§H$Z Ûmam n[a‘mUmË‘H$
H$aHo$, CÝh| loUr àXmZ H$s OmVr h¡& Bg ‘mnZr H$mo H«$‘ {ZYm©aU ‘mnZr ^r
¶m JwUmË‘H$ XmoZm| hr àH$ma H$s gyMZmE± àmá hmoVr h¢, {OZHo$ AmYma na ~mbH$
H$hVo h¢, ³¶m|{H$ Bg‘| {H$gr KQ>Zm AWdm erbJwU H$mo {d{^ÝÝm lo{U¶m§o ‘§o
H$s ¶mo½¶Vm Ed§ CnbpãY¶m| H$m Am§H$bZ {H$¶m OmVm h¡& ‘yë¶m§H$Z Ho$ empãXH$
H«${‘H$ AmYma na àñVwV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& BgH$s ghm¶Vm go {d{^ÝZ BH$mB¶m|
AW© H$mo Bg àH$ma go ñnîQ> {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡-
H$m dJuH$aU VWm VwbZmË‘H$ Aܶ¶Z AmgmZr go {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡& O¡go-
‘yë¶m§H$Z = ‘mnZ + ‘yë¶ {ZYm©aU
narjm ‘| àmám§H$m| Ho$ AmYma na àW‘, {ÛVr¶, V¥Vr¶, MVwW© Am{X H«$‘ àXmZ
. .
H$aZm, loîR> àXe©Z Ho$ AmYma na {Ibm{‹S>¶m| H$mo H«$‘ àXmZ H$aZm& Bgr àH$ma
g§»¶mË‘H$/n[a‘mUmË‘H$ JwUmË‘H$
gwÝXaVm Ho$ AmYma na {d{^ÝZ H«$‘ àXmZ H$aZm, O¡go-~hþV A{YH$ gwÝXa,
Bg àH$ma ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$m Ame¶ ‘mnZ Ho$ gmW-gmW ‘yë¶ {ZYm©aU go
A{YH$ gwÝXa, H$‘ gwÝXa Am{X&
h¡ AWm©V² A{YJ‘ AZw^dm| Ûmam {dÚmWu ‘| Ano{jV ì¶dhmaJV n[adV©Z {H$g
3. AÝVamb ‘mnZr gr‘m VH$ hþE? BgH$m ‘yë¶ {ZYm©aU (‘yë¶m§H$Z) H$aHo$ {ZU©¶ XoZm h¡& AV…
¶h ‘mnZr ¶m ñVa H«${‘H$ ‘mnZr H$s Anojm A{YH$ ewÕ, {dH${gV VWm ‘mnZ ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$m hr ^mJ h¡ VWm gX¡d Cg‘| {Z{hV ahVm h¡&
{dñV¥V gyMZmE± àXmZ H$aVm h¡, ³¶m|{H$ ¶h ‘mnZr {d{^ÝZ BH$mB©¶m| Ho$ ‘w»¶ amîQ´r¶ e¡{jH$ AZwg§YmZ Ed§ à{ejU g§ñWmZ, {Xëbr H$s nwñVH$
AÝVa H$mo ^r ñnîQ> H$aVr h¡& ¶h AÝVa EH$ àH$ma go JwUmË‘H$ Am±H$‹S>m| H$mo H$m°ÝgoßQ> Am°’$ Bdoë¶weZ Ho$ AZwgma ‘yë¶m§H$Z à{H«$¶m ‘| ‘w»¶V… {ZåZ ~mVm|
n[a‘mUmË‘H$ Am±H$‹S>m| ‘| àñVwV H$aVm h¡& ’$m°aZohmBQ> VWm goÝQ>rJ«oS> W‘m©‘rQ>a Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘| {ZU©¶ {H$¶m OmVm h¡&-
Bg ‘mnZr Ho$ Cn¶w³V VWm àM{bV CXmhaU h¢& W‘m©‘rQ>a ‘| VmnH«$‘ 98 1. {ejU CÔoí¶m| H$s àm{á {H$g gr‘m VH$ hþB©?
{S>J«r go 108 {S>J«r VH$ A§{H$V hmoVm h¡ VWm Cg‘| {OVZm AÝVa 99 {S>J«r 2. CÔoí¶ àmá H$aZo H$s {d{Y/à{d{Y {H$VZr à^mdr ahr?
VWm 100 {S>J«r Ho$ ~rM hmoVm h¡, CVZm hr AÝVa 104 Am¡a 105 {S>J«r Ho$ 3. A{YJ‘-AZw^d {H$VZo à^mdr CËnmXH$ aho?
‘ܶ ahVm h¡& Cn¶w©³V VrZm| {~ÝXþ {‘bH$a ‘yë¶m§H$Z à{H«$¶m H$mo nyam H$aVo h¢& BZ
4. AZwnmV ‘mnZr VrZm| Ho$ gå~ÝY H$mo {Ì^wOmH$ma AmH¥${V go AJ« àH$ma àX{e©V {H$¶m Om
¶h g~go A{YH$ àM{bV VWm bmoH${ච‘mnZr h¡, ³¶m|{H$ BgHo$ Ûmam ‘mnZ gH$Vm h¡-
A˶{YH$ ¶WmW© VWm ewÕ ahVm h¡& ‘mnZ H$s ¶h dñVw{ZîR>, {dídgZr¶
VWm d¡km{ZH$ ‘mnZr h¡& Bg‘| Cn¶w©³V VrZm| àH$ma H$s ‘mn{Z¶m| H$s {deofVmE±
{dÚ‘mZ hmoVr h¢& Bg ‘mnZr H$s à‘wI {deofVm {Zanoj eyݶ {~ÝXþ h¡& Bg
eyݶ {~ÝXþ H$m gå~ÝY {H$gr KQ>Zm, erbJwU AWdm {deofVm H$s eyݶ ‘mÌm
go hmoVm h¡& AZwnmV ‘mnZr (ñVa) ‘| {Zanoj eyݶ {~ÝXþ, ‘mnZr H$m àmapå^H$
{~ÝXþ ‘mZm OmVm h¡& Bgr Ho$ Ûmam h‘ Xmo ñWmZm| ¶m {deofVmAm| Ho$ ‘ܶ Xÿar
H$m AZw‘mZ bJm nmVo h¢ VWm H$h gH$Vo h¢ {H$ A ñWmZ H$s VwbZm ‘| ~ ñWmZ
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&

n¥îR> 320 ‘yë¶m§H$Z àJʶ

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16.7 ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$s n[a^mfmE± 3. ‘yë¶m§H$Z dU©ZmË‘H$ Ed§ g§»¶mË‘H$ XmoZm| àH$ma H$m hmoVm h¡&
4. ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$m {ejm Ho$ CÔoí¶ go K{ZîR> gå~ÝY hmoVm h¡&
dV©‘mZ {ejm H$m CÔoí¶ Z Ho$db {dÚmWu H$mo kmZ àXmZ H$aZm h¡, ~pëH$
5. ‘yë¶m§H$Z narjU EH$ ì¶mnH$ nX h¡, {Og‘| Om±M Ed§ ‘mnZ XmoZm|
CgH$m gdmªJrU {dH$mg H$aZm hmoVm h¡& AV… {ejH$m| Ho$ {bE ¶h Amdí¶H$
H$m g‘mdoe h¡&
hmo OmVm h¡ {H$ dh {df¶-dñVw Ed§ {ejU nÕ{V¶m| Ho$ gmW-gmW {dÚmWu
6. ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$m gå~ÝY N>mÌ H$s pñW{V go Z hmoH$a N>mÌ Ho$ {dH$mg
H$s CnbpãY Ed§ ¶mo½¶Vm ‘mnZo dmbo narjU CnH$aUm| H$s Amoa ^r ܶmZ X|&
go hmoVm h¡&
{ejU à{H«$¶m Ho$ ‘w»¶ Mma Cnm§J hmoVo h¢ 7. ‘yë¶m§H$Z EH$ gh¶moJr H$m¶© h¡, ³¶m|{H$ Bg‘| N>mÌm|, {ejH$m§o,
1. AZwXoer CÔoí¶ A{^^mdH$m|, g^r H$m gh¶moJ àmá {H$¶m OmVm h¡&
2. N>mÌ H$m à{dîQ> ì¶dhma 8. ‘yë¶m§H$Z Ho$db {dÚmWu H$s e¡{jH$ CnbpãY H$m hr ‘mnZ Zht
3. {ejU-à{d{Y H$aVm h¡, A{nVw CgH$s e¡{jH$ CnbpãY ‘| gwYma H$aVm h¡&
4. CnbpãY ¶m {ZînmXZ ‘yë¶m§H$Z 9. ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$m gå~ÝY, g‘yh ‘| {dÚmWu H$s pñW{V go Zht hmoVm
Bg àH$ma ‘yë¶m§H$Z {ejm à{H«$¶m H$m A{dpÀN>ÝZ A§J ^r ‘mZm OmVm daZ² CgHo$ {dH$mg go ^r hmoVm h¡&
h¡& e¡{jH$ ‘yë¶m§H$Z Ho$ ñdê$n H$mo Am¡a A{YH$ ñnîQ> H$aZo Ho$ {bE h‘ {ZåZ 10. ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$m joÌ A˶ÝV ì¶mnH$ h¡, ³¶m|{H$ Bg‘| {dÚmWu Ho$
n[a^mfmAm| H$m AdbmoH$Z H$a|Jo g^r nj Am OmVo h¢- Z¡{VH$, ‘mZ{gH$, emar[aH$, gm‘m{OH$ Ed§
1. JwS²>g Ho$ AZwgma- g§doJmË‘H$&
‘yë¶m§H$Z EH$ Eogr à{H«$¶m h¡, {Oggo ghr T>§J go {H$gr dñVw H$m ‘mnZ {H$¶m 11. ‘yë¶m§H$Z ‘| N>mÌ Ho$ ì¶dhma ‘| hmoZo dmbo n[adV©Zm| H$s ì¶m»¶m
Om gH$Vm h¡& H$aZo ‘| g‘ñV gm‘J«r H$mo EH$Ì {H$¶m OmVm h¡&
{ZîH$f©V… ¶h H$hm Om gH$Vm h¡ {H$ e¡{jH$ ‘yë¶m§H$Z EH$ Eogr à{H«$¶m
2. S>mÝS>oH$a Ho$ AZwgma- h¡ {OgH$m AmYma {ZYm©[aV e¡{jH$ CÔoí¶ (AZwXoer CÔoí¶) hmoVo h¢ VWm BZgo
‘yë¶m§H$Z EH$ Eogr H«$‘~Õ à{H«$¶m h¡, Omo h‘| ¶h ~VmVr h¡ {H$ ~mbH$ Zo [H$g gå~pÝYV {df¶dñVw, {ejU A{YJ‘ {H«$¶mE± VWm ‘yë¶m§H$Z Ho$ ¶o g^r nhby
gr‘m VH$ {H$Z CÔoí¶m| H$mo àmá {H$¶m h¡& EH$-Xÿgao go Ow‹S>o hþE h¢ Am¡a BÝh| AbJ Zht {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡¡& AV… O¡go hr
{ejm Ho$ CÔoí¶m| H$m {ZYm©aU hmo OmVm h¡, ‘yë¶m§H$Z à{H«$¶m àmaå^ hmo OmVr h¡
3. Q>maJog©Z VWm ES>åg Ho$ AZwgma-
VWm ~mbH$ Ho$ ì¶dhma ‘| dm§{N>V n[adV©Z hmoZo Ho$ gmW hr g‘má hmo OmVr h¡&
‘yë¶m§H$Z H$m AW© h¡ {H$gr dñVw ¶m à{H«$¶m H$m ‘yë¶ {ZYm©[aV H$aZm VWm e¡{jH$
‘yë¶m§H$Z go Ame¶ {H$gr {ejU à{H«$¶m ¶m A{YJ‘ AZw^dm§o H$s Cn¶mo{JVm Ho$
gå~ÝY ‘| ‘yë¶ àXmZ H$aZm hmoVm h¡&
16.9 ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$s Amdí¶H$Vm
4. p³dboZ d hÝZm Ho$ AZwgma- ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$s Amdí¶H$Vm N>mÌ, {ejH$, A{^^mdH$ Am¡a g‘mO, g^r Ho$
{dÚmb¶ Ûmam ~mbH$ Ho$ ì¶dhma ‘| bm¶o J¶o n[adV©Zm| Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘| à‘mUm| Ho$ {bE h¡& Bg Amdí¶H$Vm Ho$ ³¶m H$maU h¡? BZ H$maUm| H$m n¥WH²$ erf©H$m| Ho$
g§H$bZ Am¡a CZH$s ì¶m»¶m H$aZo H$s à{H«$¶m H$mo ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$hVo h¢& AÝVJ©V dU©Z {ZåZ{b{IV h¢-

5. ‘wâ’$mV Ho$ AZwgma-
‘yë¶m§H$Z EH$ gVV² à{H«$¶m h¡ VWm ¶h ~mbH$m| H$s Am¡nMm[aH$ e¡{jH$ CnbpãY
H$s Cnojm H$aVm h¡& ¶h ì¶p³V Ho$ {dH$mg ‘| A{YH$ ê${M aIVm h¡& ¶h ì¶p³V Ho$
{dH$mg H$mo CgH$s ^mdZmAm|, {dMmam| VWm {H«$¶mAm| go gå~pÝYV dm§{N>V ì¶dhmaJV
n[adV©Zm| Ho$ ê$n ‘| 춳V H$aVm h¡&
6. H$moR>mar H$‘reZ Ho$ AZwgma-
‘yë¶m§H$Z EH$ AZdaV à{H«$¶m h¡, Omo {H$ gånyU© {ejm àUmbr H$m EH$ A{^ÝZ A§J
h¡ VWm BgH$m e¡{jH$ CÔoí¶m| go K{ZîR> gå~ÝY ahVm h¡&
16.8 ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$s {deofVmE±
‘yë¶m§H$Z H$s Hw$N> à‘wI {deofVmE± {ZåZ{b{IV h¢-
1. ‘yë¶m§H$Z {ZaÝVa MbZo dmbr à{H«$¶m h¡&
2. ‘yë¶m§H$Z g‘ñV {ejU Ed§ A{YJ‘ H$m A{^ÝZ A§J h¡&
16.9.1 N>mÌm| Ho$ {bE ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$s Amdí¶H$Vm
N>mÌ Ho$ {bE ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$s Amdí¶H$Vm Ho$ H$maU {ZåZ{b{IV h¢-
1. N>mÌ H$mo AnZr AÀN>mB© d H${‘¶m| H$m kmZ hmo OmVm h¡&
2. N>mÌ H$mo ¶h kmV hmo OmVm h¡ {H$ CgH$s ¶mo½¶Vm ‘| H¡$gm gwYma
hmo ahm h¡&
3. N>mÌ ‘§o g‘¶ VËnaVm Ho$ JwU H$m {dH$mg hmoVm h¡&
4. N>mÌ H$mo AnZr àJ{V H$s OmZH$mar hmo OmVr h¡&
5. N>mÌ ‘| ñnÕm© H$s ^mdZm H$m CX¶ hmoVm h¡&
6. ‘yë¶m§H$Z Ho$ AmYma na N>mÌ nwañH$ma àmá H$aZo Ho$ ¶mo½¶ hmo OmVm
h¡&
7. N>mÌ ‘| AmË‘-gÝVmof Ed§ AmË‘{dídmg Ho$ JwUm| H$m {Z‘m©U hmoVm h¡&
8. ‘yë¶m§H$Z Ho$ Ûmam à˶oH$ N>mÌ Ho$ {df¶ ‘| n¶m©á OmZH$mar àmá
H$s Om gH$Vr h¡&
9. ‘yë¶m§H$Z N>mÌ H$mo ¶h OmZZo ‘| ghm¶Vm àXmZ H$aVm h¡ {H$ Cgo
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
àJʶ ‘yë¶m§H$Z
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
ì¶dhma H$mo {H$g àH$ma {dH${gV Ed§ n[ad{V©V H$aZm Mm{hE&
10. ‘yë¶m§H$Z, N>mÌ H$mo àJ{V H$aZo H$m àmoËgmhZ XoVm h¡ VWm Cgo
AnZo Ed§ H$m¶© Ho$ dmñV{dH$ ñVa ‘| AÝVa ~VmVm h¡&
16.9.2 {ejH$ Ho$ {bE ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$s Amdí¶H$Vm
{ejH$ Ho$ {bE ‘yë¶m§H$Z Amdí¶H$Vm Ho$ nj ‘| {ZåZ{b{IV VH©$ CnpñWV
{H$E Om gH$Vo h¢-
1. ‘yë¶m§H$Z Ho$ Ûmam {ejH$ H$mo AnZr {ejm H$s ¶moOZm, {ejU H$s
{d{Y¶m±, {ejU Ho$ CnH$aUm| H$s g’$bVm Ed§ Ag’$bVm H$m kmZ
hmoVm h¡&
2. {ejH$ H$mo {ejm Ho$ bú¶m| H$s àm{á ¶m Aàm{á H$m ñnîQ> ~moY
hmoVm h¡&
3. {ejH$ Bg ~mV H$mo kmV H$a gH$Vm h¡ {H$ CgH$s {ejU-{d{Y¶m±
{H$VZr Cn¶w³V h¢&
4. {ejH$ H$mo N>mÌ H$s CnbpãY H$m kmZ hmoVm h¡&
5. {ejH$ H$mo N>mÌm| H$s ghm¶Vm H$aZo H$m Adga àmá hmoVm h¡&
16.9.3 A{^^mdH$ Ho$ {bE ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$s Amdí¶H$Vm
A{^^mdH$ Ho$ {bE ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$s Amdí¶H$Vm Ho$ {ZåZ{b{IV H$maU ñdrH$ma
{H$E OmVo h¢-
1. A{^^mdH$ H$mo AnZo ~ÀMo H$s dmñV{dH$ pñW{V H$m kmZ hmoVm h¡&
2. ‘yë¶m§H$Z Ûmam àmá àJ{V-nÌ go A{^^mdH$ H$mo AnZo ~ÀMm| H$s
¶mo½¶Vm, ê${M, {Zîn{Îm Am{X JwUm| H$m kmZ hmoVm h¡&
3. A{^^mdH$ AnZo ~ÀMoo H$mo H${‘¶m± kmV H$aHo$, CÝho§ Xÿa H$aZo H$m
à¶mg H$aVo h¢&
4. A{^^mdH$, ‘yë¶m§H$Z Ûmam AnZo ~ÀMo H$r ¶mo½¶Vm Ho$ AZwê$n
ì¶dgm¶ H$m M¶Z H$a gH$Vo h¢&
5. A{^^mdH$ H$mo AnZo ~ÀMo H$m ^{dî¶ CÁOdb ~ZmH$a CgH$mo
gwI Ed§ gÝVmof H$m OrdZ ì¶VrV H$aZo H$m Adga àmá hmoVm h¡&
16.9.4 g‘mO Ho$ {bE ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$s Amdí¶H$Vm
g‘mO Ho$ {bE {OZ H$maUm| go ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$s Amdí¶H$Vm H$m AZw^d {H$¶m
OmVm h¡, do gm‘mݶ ê$n go {ZåZm§{H$V h¢-
1. g‘mO H$mo àM{bV {ejm Ho$ ñVa H$m kmZ hmoVm h¡&
2. g‘mO, {ejm Ho$ ñVa H$mo CR>mZo Ho$ à¶mg H$a gH$Vm h¢
3. ‘yë¶m§H$Z go {H$gr Xoe ¶m g‘mO H$s àJ{V H$m kmZ hmoVm h¡,
³¶m|{H$ àJ{V-gm{hp˶H$, d¡km{ZH$ Ed§ àm¡Úmo{JH$ joÌ go kmV hmoVr
h¢ VWm g~H$m AmYma {ejm-ì¶dñWm h¡&
4. ‘yë¶m§H$Z Ûmam ¶h kmV hmoVm h¡ {H$ {ejm Ho$ ñdê$n, CÔoí¶m| Ed§
nmR²>¶H«$‘ ‘| g‘mO H$m {H$VZm à^md h¡&
5. ‘yë¶m§H$Z Ûmam ¶h kmV hmoVm h¡ {H$ N>mÌ H$s A{^d¥[Îm¶m±, ê${M¶m±,
emar[aH$ Hw$ebVmE± Am{X g‘mO Ho$ {hV ‘| h¢ AWdm Zht&
Cn¶w©³V {ddoMZ ‘| ¶h {ZîH$f© {ZH$bVm h¡ {H$ ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$m ~hþV
‘hÎd h¡ VWm ¶h ~hþV Amdí¶H$ h¡& ‘yë¶m§H$Z g‘¶-g‘¶ na N>mÌ, {ejH$,
n¥îR> 321
A{^^mdH$ Ed§ g‘mO H$s ghm¶Vm H$aVm h¡& Bg{bE, Bg ~mV na Omoa {X¶m
OmVm h¡ {H$ ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$mo gånyU© e¡{jH$ à{H«$¶m H$m A{^ÝZ A§J hmoZm Mm{hE&
16.10 ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$s ZdrZ YmaUm
‘yë¶m§H$Z à{H«$¶m H$s ZdrZ YmaUm Ho$ AZwgma Bg à{H«$¶m Ho$ à‘wI VrZ A§J
h¢-
1. e¡{jH$ CÔoí¶
2. grIZo Ho$ AZw^d
3. ì¶mdhm[aH$ n[adV©Z
BZ VrZm| A§Jm| ‘| nañna K{ZîR> gå~ÝY h¡, {Ogo {ZåZm§{H$V {Ì^wO
Ûmam ñnîQ> {H$¶m J¶m h¢-
Cn¶w©³V aoIm{MÌ ‘yë¶m§H$Z à{H«$¶m Ho$ VrZm| A§Jm| H$s nañna {Z^©aVm
춳V H$aVm h¡& grIZo Ho$ AZw^d ¶m {ejU-A{YJ‘ à{H«$¶m, CÔoí¶-àm{á
Ho$ {bE H$m¶© H$aVo h¡& CÔoí¶, A{YJ‘H$Vm© Ho$ ì¶dhma n[adV©Z ‘| n[ab{jV
hmoVo h¢& ì¶dhma-n[adV©Z do à‘mU h¢, Omo CÔoí¶ H$s àm{á Am¡a grIZo Ho$
AZw^d VWm {ejU-à{H«$¶m H$s Cn¶w³VVm ¶m AZwn¶w³VVm H$s Amoa g§Ho$V
H$aVo h¡& ‘yë¶m§H$Z Ho$ Ûmam h‘ ¶h nVm bJmVo h¢ {H$ grIZo Ho$ AZw^d AWdm
{ejU-à{H«$¶m N>mÌm| H$mo e¡j{UH$ CÔoí¶m| H$s Amoa bo OmZo ‘| H$hm± VH$ g’$b
hþE h¢?
{ejU-à{H«$¶m àmaå^ H$aZo H$m {~ÝXþ h¡- ì¶mdhm[aH$ CÔoí¶ H$mo
{ZpíMV H$aZm& BgHo$ ~mX {ejH$ ¶h ‘mby‘ H$aVm h¡ {H$ N>mÌ àmaå^ ‘| H$hm±
na h¡? VËníMmV² {ejH$ {d{Y H$m AZwgaU H$aHo$ N>mÌ ‘| Cn¶w³V grIZo Ho$
AZw^d CËnÝZ H$aVm h¡ Am¡a N>mÌ H$mo Amapå^H$ {~ÝXþ go dhm± na bo OmVm h¡,
Ohm± dh OmZm MmhVm h¡& Bg àH$ma N>mÌ ì¶mdhm[aH$ CÔoí¶ H$s àm{á H$aVm
h¡, AWm©V² Cg‘| dm§{N>V ì¶dhma n[adV©Z hmo OmVm h¡&
{ejU CÔoí¶ ¶m ì¶mdhm[aH$ CÔoí¶ dh {~ÝXþ h¡, {Ogo Ho$ÝÐ ‘mZH$a
g‘ñV {ejU {H«$¶m g§Mm{bV hmoVr h¢& Bg àH$ma go AܶmnZ H$s {df¶-
gm‘J«r, {ejU-{d{Y, ghm¶H$ gm‘J«r Am{X g^r {ejU CÔoí¶ na AmYm[aV
hmoVo h¡& {ejH$ Bg T>§J go {ejU H$m¶© gånm{XV H$aVm h¡ {H$ N>mÌ Cn¶w³V
grIZo Ho$ AZw^d àmá H$a gH|$, Omo CZHo$ ì¶dhma ‘| {XImB© n‹S>Vo h¢& {ejU
Ho$ gmW-gmW ‘yë¶m§H$Z MbVm ahVm h¡, {Oggo N>mÌ ‘| hmoZo dmbo ì¶dhma-
n[adV©Z H$m nVm hmo OmVm h¡& ‘yë¶m§H$Z Ho$ CnH$aU Ho$ ê$n ‘| narjU H$s
Cn¶w³VVm Bg ~mV na {Z^©a H$aVr h¡ {H$ dh {H$g gr‘m VH$ {ejU CÔoí¶m|
H$s àm[á Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘| ghr-ghr Om±M H$a ahm h¡& Bggo ñnîQ> hmoVm h¡ {H$
‘yë¶m§H$Z H$s ÑpîQ> go {ejU à{H«$¶m Am¡a narjU (‘yë¶m§H$Z H$m CnH$aU)
XmoZm| CÔoí¶ (e¡j{UH$ CÔoí¶) Ho$pÝÐV hmoZo Mm{hE&
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
n¥îR> 322 ‘yë¶m§H$Z
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
16.11 e¡{jH$ ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$s à{H«$¶m
‘yë¶m§H$Z EH$ gVV² VWm H«$‘~Õ à{H«$¶m h¡ {OgHo$ nX {ZpíMV hmoVo h¢ VWm
{OZH$m AZwH$aU H$aHo$ BgH$mo nyam {H$¶m OmVm h¡& ‘w»¶V… ‘yë¶m§H$Z à{H«$¶m
‘| {ZpåZ{b{IV gmonmZ hmoVo h¢-
1. CÔoí¶m| H$m M¶Z Ed§ {ZYm©aU H$aZm&
2. CÔoí¶m| H$m {díbofU (ì¶dhma n[adV©Z Ho$ gÝX^© ‘|)&
3. ‘yë¶m§H$Z à{d{Y¶m| H$m M¶Z&
4. à{d{Y¶m| H$m à¶moJ Ed§ n[aUm‘ {ZH$mbZm&
5. n[aUm‘m| H$s ì¶m»¶m Ed§ gm‘mݶrH$aU H$aZm&
Bg àH$ma Cn¶w©³V nXm| Ho$ AZwgma H«$‘e… AmJo ~‹T>Vo OmVo h¢ Am¡a
n[aUm‘ {ZH$mbZo ‘| g‘W© hmo OmVo h¢, VËníMmV² àmá n[aUm‘m| H$s ì¶m»¶m
H$aHo$ gm‘mݶrH$aU H$a boVo h¢& {H$gr {ZU©¶ na nhþ±MZo Ho$ {bE h‘| {ZåZ
~mVm| H$mo ܶmZ ‘| aIZm Mm{hE&-
1. narjU ‘| A{YH$V‘ A§H$ ³¶m h¡?
2. ~mbH$m| Ûmam àmá {ZåZV‘ VWm CÀMV‘ A§H$ ³¶m h¢?
3. àmá A§H$m| H$m Am¡gV ³¶m h¡?
4. A‘wH$ N>mÌ H$s j‘Vm gr‘m ³¶m h¡?
5. CgZo AnZr ¶mo½¶VmZwgma H$hm± VH$ A§H$ àmá {H$¶o h¢?
S>m°. nQ>ob Zo {ZåZ{b{IV Mma {~ÝXþAm§o Ûmam ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$s à{H«$¶m H$mo
ñnîQ> {H$¶m h¡-
16.12 ‘mnZ Ed§ ‘yë¶m§H$Z Ho$ CÔoí¶ Ed§ à¶moOZ
‘mnZ Ed§ ‘yë¶m§H$Z Ho$ CÔoí¶ Ed§ à¶moOZ {ZåZ{b{IV {~ÝXþAm| H$s ghm¶Vm
go g‘Po Om gH$Vo h¢-
1. ‘mnZ d ‘yë¶m§H$Z go e¡{jH$ CÔoí¶m| H$s àm{á H$m kmZ hmoVm h¡&
Bggo ¶h kmV hmoVm h¡ {H$ CÔoí¶m| H$s àm{á hþB© h¡ ¶m Zht, ¶{X hþB©
h¡ Vmo {H$g gr‘m VH$?
2. e¡{jH$ CÔoí¶m| Ho$ gmW-gmW {ejU-à{H«$¶m gå~ÝYr Aݶ {ZU©¶
^r ‘mnZ Ed§ ‘yë¶m§H$Z Ho$ AmYma {bE OmVo h¢& AZwXoer CÔoí¶m| Ho$
AZwHy$b N>mÌm| Zo grIm ¶m Zht, N>mÌm| ‘| {H$VZm dm§{N>V n[adV©Z
hþAm, {ejH$ Ûmam AnZm¶r J¶r {ejU {d{Y¶m± {H$VZr à^mdembr
Ed§ Cn¶moJr aht, BZ g^r ~mVm| H$s OmZH$mar ‘yë¶m§H$Z Ûmam hr
gå^d h¢&
àJʶ
3. ‘yë¶m§H$Z Ho$db N>mÌ H$m hr Aܶ¶Z Zht H$aVm, ~pëH$ ¶h {ejH$
H$m ^r ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$aVm h¡ H$jmܶmnZ H$s {H«$¶mAm| H$mo à^mdembr
~ZmZo ‘| {ejH$ H$hm± VH$ Xj h¡, BgH$m ^r ‘yë¶m§H$Z {H$¶m OmVm h¡?
4. ‘mnZ Ed§ ‘yë¶m§H$Z {ejU à{H«$¶m H$m A{^ÝZ A§J h¡& ¶h {ejU
H$r à{H«$¶m Ho$ gmW gVV² MbVm ahVm h¡& {ejU àmaå^ H$aVo g‘¶
H$jm Ho$ N>mÌm| Ho$ à{dîQ> ì¶dhma H$m ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$aZm Amdí¶H$
hmoVm h¡, {Oggo {ejU-à{H«$¶m H$s ¶moOZm ~Zm¶r Om gHo$&
5. {ejU Ho$ CnamÝV N>mÌ CnbpãY H$m ‘mnZ Ed§ ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$aZm
hmoVm h¢, {Oggo N>mÌ H$mo ñd¶§ AnZr CnbpãY Ed§ H${‘¶m| H$m kmZ
hmo OmVm h¡ Bggo N>mÌm| H$mo àoaUm Ed§ à{VnwpîQ> àmá hmoVr h¡&
6. N>mÌm| H$s grIZo gå~ÝYr H${R>ZmB¶m| VWm H$‘Omo[a¶m| H$m kmZ
{ejH$ Ho$ {bE Amdí¶H$ hmoVm h¡& ‘mnZ Ed§ ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$s VH$ZrH$s
Ho$ à¶moJ go N>mÌm| H$s grIZo gå~ÝYr H${R>ZmB¶m| ¶m g‘ñ¶mAm|
H$m {ZXmZ {H$¶m OmVm h¡& {ZXmZmË‘H$ narjU Bg H$m¶© Ho$ {bE
Cn¶moJr {gÕ hþE h¢&
7. ‘mnZ Ed§ ‘yë¶m§H$Z Ho$ n[aUm‘m| Ho$ AmYma e¡{jH$ Ed§ ì¶mdgm{¶H$
{Xem-{ZX}eZ {X¶m Om gH$Vm h¡&
8. BgHo$ Ûmam {H$gr {dÚmWu Ho$ {df¶ ‘| ^{dî¶dmUr H$aZm, nydm©Zw‘mZ
bJmZm gå^d h¡&
9. ‘mnZ Ed§ ‘yë¶m§H$Z Ho$ CnH$aUm| H$m EH$ CÔoí¶ ì¶p³V go ì¶p³V
VWm g‘yh go g‘yh H$s VwbZm H$aZm h¡& Xmo ¶m Xmo go A{YH$ g‘yh
H$m VwbZmË‘H$ Aܶ¶Z BZ CnH$aUm| H$s ghm¶Vm go H$a gH$Vo h¢&
10. BgHo$ Ûmam {ejmWu Ho$ ì¶p³VËd H$s ‘mn H$s OmVr h¡, {Oggo ¶h
kmV hmoVm h¡ {H$ H$m¡Zgm {ejmWu gÝVw{bV ì¶p³VËd H$m h¡ VWm
H$m¡Z Hw$g‘m¶mo{OV ì¶p³VËd dmbm h¡& Bg àH$ma H$s OmZH$mar hmo
OmZo na {ejH$ AnZo N>mÌ H$s g‘ñ¶mAm| Ho$ {ZamH$aU Ho$ {bE
Cnm¶ H$aVm h¡&
11. H$jm-{ejU H$aVo g‘¶ N>mÌm| H$mo CZH$s ~m¡{ÕH$ j‘Vm Ho$ AmYma
Hw$emJ« ~w{Õ Ho$ N>mÌ, gm‘mݶ ñVa VWm ‘ÝX-~w{Õ Ho$ N>mÌm| H$m
dJuH$aU H$aZo Ho$ {bE ‘mnZ Ed§ ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$s Amdí¶H$Vm hmoVr h¡&
Bg àH$ma ‘mnZ Ed§ ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$m ‘w»¶ à¶moOZ {ejU-à{H«$¶m H$mo
g§Mm{bV H$aZm h¡& ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$m à‘wI H$m¶© {ejmWu H$s ¶mo½¶Vm Ed§ ì¶dhma
VWm {ejUmonamÝV N>mÌ ‘| A{YJ‘ Ho$ H$maU CËnÝZ ì¶mdhm[aH$ n[adV©Z
H$s Om±M H$aZm h¡, {Oggo gånyU© {ejU A{YJ‘ à{H«$¶m ì¶dpñWV T>§J go
g§Mm{bV hmo gHo$&
16.13 ‘mnZ Ed§ ‘yë¶m§H$Z ‘| AÝVa
~o«S>’$sëS> VWm Jm|aS>mH$ Zo AnZr nwñVH$ {ejm ‘| ‘mnZ Ed§ ‘yë¶m§H$Z ‘| BZ
XmoZm| eãXm| H$m AÝVa ~VmVo hþE CëboI {H$¶m h¡ {H$ ‘mnZ H$s à{H«$¶m ‘|
{H$gr KQ>Zm ¶m V϶ Ho$ {d{^ÝZ n[aUm‘m| Ho$ {bE àVrH$ {ZpíMV {H$¶o OmVo
h¢, Vm{H$ Cg KQ>Zm ¶m V϶ Ho$ ~mao ‘| ¶WmW© {ZíM¶ {H$¶m Om gHo$, O~{H$
‘yë¶m§H$Z ‘| Cg KQ>Zm ¶m V϶ H$m ‘yë¶ kmV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& CXmhaUmW©-
EH$ Q>mBqnJ grIZo dmbo {dÚmWu H$mo br{OE& ¶{X Aݶ {dÚm{W©¶m| Ho$ gmW
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
àJʶ ‘yë¶m§H$Z n¥îR> 323
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
Cgo EH$ Q>mBqnJ narjm Xr Om¶o Am¡a n[aUm‘ {ZH$bo {H$ dh à{V {‘ZQ> 40 16.14 ‘mnZ Ed§ ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$m ‘hÎd
eãX Q>mBn H$aVm h¡ Am¡a Hw$b 5 Ìw{Q>¶m± H$aVm h¡, Vmo Bgo ‘mnZo H$s à{H«$¶m ‘mnZ Ed§ ‘yë¶m§H$Z {ejm-à{H«$¶m H$s Ywar h¢& ¶h g‘ñV e¡{jH$-à{H«$¶m,
H$h|Jo& Bg‘| ‘w»¶ V϶ Q>mBn H$aVm h¡& J{V Ed§ n[aewÕVm Bg V϶ Ho$ do O¡go- e¡{jH$ CÔoí¶, {ejU-{d{Y¶m|, A{YJ‘ (grIZo H$s pñW{V¶m|),
n[aUm‘ h¢ {OZH$m ‘mnZ {H$¶m Om ahm h¡& 40 eãX VWm 5 Ìw{Q>¶m±, do àVrH$ ~mbH$ Ed§ {ejH$ g^r H$m à˶oH$ ñVa na {ZaÝVa ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$aVm ahVm h¡&
h¢ {OZ‘| narjmWu H$s Q>mBn-¶mo½¶Vm à‘m{UV hþB© h¡& A~ ¶{X b‹S>Ho$ H$s Q>mBn {ejU-à{H«$¶m ‘| e¡{jH$ CÔoí¶, grIZo dmbo ~mbH$ H$s àmapå^H$ ¶mo½¶Vm
H$aZo H$s ¶mo½¶Vm H$mo Aݶ {dÚm{W©¶m| H$s Q>mBn-¶mo½¶Vm go ¶m gm‘mݶ {dVaU {ejU-{d{Y¶m± VWm ‘yë¶m§H$Z Ho$ ~rM EH$ H$‹S>r ~Z OmVr h¡&
‘| {dÚm{W©¶m| Ûmam àmá A§H$m| H$mo gm‘Zo aIH$a Am±H$m Om¶o Am¡a Cg AmYma ‘mnZ Ed§ ‘yë¶m§H$Z Ho$ ‘hÎd Ed§ Cn¶mo{JVm na {ZåZ{b{IV ê$n ‘|
na narjmWu H$mo ~r Jo«S> {X¶m Om¶o Vmo Bg à{H«$¶m H$mo ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$h|Jo& Bg‘| àH$me S>mbm Om gH$Vm h¡-
àVrH$ kmV H$aZo Ho$ {bE gm‘mݶ {ddaU ‘| àmá A§H$m| ¶m Aݶ {dÚm{W©¶m| 1. ‘mnZ Ed§ ‘yë¶m§H$Z, e¡{jH$-à{H«$¶m ‘| A˶ÝV Cn¶moJr Ed§
H$s ¶mo½¶Vm H$mo à{V‘mZ ‘mZm OmVm h¡& ‘hÎdnyU© h¡, ³¶m|{H$ Bggo {ejUmonamÝV A{YJ‘H$Vm© (N>mÌ) H$s
XmoZm| eãXm| H$m gm‘mݶV¶m EH$ hr AW© g‘Pm OmVm h¡, {H$ÝVw XmoZm| CnbpãY H$s OmZH$mar àmá hmoVr h¡&
‘| AÝVa h¢& ‘mnZ Ed§ ‘yë¶m§H$Z ‘| AÝVa H$mo {ZåZ Vm{bH$m Ho$ ê$n ‘| ñnîQ> 2. BgHo$ Ûmam N>mÌ Ho$ {d{^ÝZ {df¶m| H$s H$‘Omoar H$m nVm MbVm h¡&
{H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡- Bg H$‘Omoar H$mo Xÿa H$aZo Ho$ {bE {ejH$ CnMmamË‘H$ {ejU H$s
H«$.g§. ‘mnZ ‘yë¶m§H$Z ì¶dñWm H$aVm h¡&
1. ‘mnZ H$m joÌ gr{‘V hmoVm h¡& ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$m joÌ ì¶mnH$ hmoVm h¡& Bg‘| 3. ‘mnZ Ed§ ‘yë¶m§H$Z Ûmam {ejH$ AnZr {ejU {d{Y¶m| VWm {ejU
N>mÌ Ho$ gånyU© ì¶p³VËd H$m ‘mnZ {H$¶m ¶moOZm H$s Cn¶mo{JVm H$s OmZH$mar àmá H$a boVm h¡& {ejU
OmVm h¢&
{d{Y¶m| H$m ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$aZo Ho$ CnamÝV {ejH$ Amdí¶H$VmZwgma
2. ‘mnZ Ho$ Ûmam ì¶p³VËd Ho$ {H$gr EH$ ‘yë¶m§H$Z ‘| ì¶p³V H$s gånyU© narjm br Cg‘| dm§{N>V n[adV©Z ¶m n[a‘mO©Z H$a boVm h¡&
nj na ~b {X¶m OmVm h¡& Bg àH$ma OmVr h¡& ‘yë¶m§H$Z ‘| narjmAm| H$m g‘mdoe
‘mnZ ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$m EH$ ^mJ h¡& hmoVm h¡&
4. ~mbH$ H$mo ñd¶§ AnZr H$‘Omoar ¶m grIZo go gå~pÝYV H${R>ZmB¶m|
Ed§ Xþ~©bVmAm| H$s OmZH$mar ‘yë¶m§H$Z Ho$ CnH$aUm| Ûmam kmV hmo
3. ‘mnZ ‘| {H$gr ^r dñVw ¶m V϶ ‘yë¶m§H$Z ‘| ‘mnZ Ho$ gmW-gmW
H$m g§»¶mË‘H$ {MÌ hmoVm h¡& n[a‘mUmË‘H$ {MÌ H$mo ^r gpå‘{bV {H$¶m OmVr h¡& dh VX²Zwê$n AnZo ‘| dm§{N>V gwYma bmZo H$m à¶mg H$aVm
OmVm h¡& h¡&
4. ‘mnZ {H$gr N>mÌ Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘| ‘yë¶m§H$Z Ho$ AmYma na {H$gr N>mÌ Ho$ {df¶ 5. ‘yë¶m§H$Z Ed§ ‘mnZ Ho$ CnH$aUm| Ûmam N>mÌ (A{^J‘H$Vm©) H$s
YmaUm 춳V Zht H$aVm& ‘| ñnîQ> YmaUm ~ZmB© Om gH$Vr h¡& CnbpãY H$s OmZH$mar Cgo hmo OmVr h¡& AÀN>r g’$bVm àmá H$aZo
5. ‘mnZ Ho$ {bE A{YH$ l‘ Am¡a ‘yë¶m§H$Z ‘| A{YH$ l‘ Am¡a g‘¶ H$s Ho$ ~mX dh ào[aV hmoH$a AnZo ‘w»¶ bú¶ H$s Amoa AJ«ga hmo Om
g‘¶ H$s Amdí¶H$Vm Zhr n‹S>Vr h¡& Amdí¶H$Vm Zht n‹S>Vr h¡& gH$Vm h¡&
6. ‘mnZ go EH$ pñW{V H$m kmZ hmoVm ‘yë¶m§H$Z gånyU© dmVmdaU Ho$ gÝX^© ‘| 6. ‘yë¶m§H$Z Ed§ ‘mnZ Ûmam N>mÌ (grIZo dmbm) H$s ì¶p³VJV
h¡& ¶h gånyU© dmVmdaU go n¥WH²$ pñW{V H$m kmZ H$amVm h¢& {d{^ÝZVm H$m kmZ hmo OmVm h¡ VWm N>mÌ H$s ¶mo½¶Vm, ~w{Õ,
ahVm h¡& A{^j‘Vm, ê${M, ì¶p³VËd Ho$ AZwgma {ejm H$s ì¶dñWm H$s Om
7. ‘mnZ ‘| A§H$ àXmZ {H$¶o OmVo h¢& A§H$ àXmZ H$aZo Ho$ níMmV² A§H$m| H$m ‘yë¶ gH$Vr h¡&
CÎma-nwpñVH$mAm| H$s Om±M H$aHo$ {ZYm©[aV {H$¶m OmVm h¢, Vmo ¶h ‘yë¶m§H$Z
7. e¡{jH$, ì¶mdgm{¶H$ Ed§ ì¶p³VJV {ZX}eZ ‘| ‘mnZ Ed§ ‘yë¶m§H$Z
CZ‘| A§H$ àXmZ H$aZm hr ‘mnZ H$hbmVm h¡&
h¡& Bg àH$ma ñnîQ> h¡ {H$ ‘mnZm Ho$ CnH$aUm| H$s {deof Cn¶mo{JVm ñnîQ> hmoVr h¡&
hr ‘mnZ h¡& 8. ì¶mdgm{¶H$ à{ejU H$s H$jmAm| ‘| àdoe Ho$ g‘¶ Aä¶{W©¶m| Ho$
8. ‘mnZ Ho$ AmYma na ^{dî¶dmUr ‘yë¶m§H$Z ‘| gmW©H$Vm Ho$ gmW ^{dî¶dmUr M¶Z hoVw ‘mnZ d ‘yë¶m§H$Z Ho$ CnH$aUm|; ¶Wm-~w{Õ narjU,
gmW©H$Vm Ho$ gmW Zhr§ H$s Om H$s Om gH$Vr h¡& Bg‘| g^r njm| H$m kmZ ì¶p³VËd àíZmdbr, A{^j‘Vm narjU Am{X H$m {deof ‘hÎd
gH$Vr& àmá {H$¶m OmVm h¡& hmoVm h¡&
9. ‘mnZ Ho$ AÝVJ©V ~w{Õ narjU, ‘yë¶m§H$Z Ho$ AÝVJ©V ‘mZd-ì¶dhma ‘| hþE 9. N>mÌm| H$mo H$jmoÝZ{V àXmZ H$aVo g‘¶ ‘mnZ Ed§ ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$m
ì¶p³VËd narjU Am{X AmVo h¢& n[adV©Zm| H$s OmZH$mar àmá H$s OmVr h¡& {deof ‘hÎd h¡&
10. {H$gr {ZarjU H$s ‘mÌm H$m ì¶p³V, g‘mO, g§ñH¥${V H$s ÑpîQ> go Cg
{ZYm©aU H$aZm ‘mnZ h¡& {ZarjU H$m {H$VZm ‘hÎd h¡, ¶h ‘yë¶m§H$Z
H$hm OmVm h¡& 16.15 narjm gwYma hoVw ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$s ^y{‘H$m
11. ‘mnZ ‘| ì¶p³V H$s ¶mo½¶VmAm| Ed§ ‘yë¶m§H$Z ‘| ì¶p³V H$s ¶mo½¶VmAm| Ed§
ì¶dhma H$m A§em| ‘| Aܶ¶Z {H$¶m ì¶dhma H$m g‘J« ê$n go Aܶ¶Z {H$¶m
‘mnZ H$m CÔoí¶ {dÚm{W©¶m| Ho$ A{O©V kmZ H$m ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$aZm hr Zht daZ²
OmVm h OmVm h¡& BgH$m bú¶ narjm àUmbr ‘| gwYma H$aZm ^r h¡& BZ XmoZm| bú¶m| H$s ny{V©
V^r hmo gH$Vr h¡, O~ h‘ Cg gmao kmZ H$s Om±M H$a b| Omo N>mÌm| H$mo n‹T>m¶m
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&

n¥îR> 324 ‘yë¶m§H$Z àJʶ

¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
J¶m h¡ VWm Omo kmZ Om±MZm hmoVm h¡, Cgo ^r ^br àH$ma n‹T>mZm AܶmnH$ ‘m¡{IH$ Ed§ Aݶ {H«$¶mH$bmnm| Ho$ ‘mܶ‘ go gånÝZ hmoVm h¡& gVV² ‘yë¶m§H$Z
H$m H$Îm©ì¶ hmoVm h¡& Xÿgao eãXm| ‘|, narjm boZo go nyd© h‘| ¶h ñnîQ> hmoZm ‘| à˶oH$ BH$mB© (nmR>/Aܶm¶) go {ejU Ho$ CnamÝV ¶m {ejU Ho$ Xm¡amZ
Mm{hE {H$ h‘| narjm H$m joÌ H$hm± VH$ gr{‘V aIZm h¡, ~mbH$m| H$mo {H$VZm {d{^ÝZ CnH$aUm| go N>mÌm| H$m ‘yë¶m§H$Z {H$¶m OmVm h¡& Bggo ¶h nVm bJm¶m
kmZ {X¶m Om MwH$m h¡ VWm {H$g ê$n ‘| {X¶m J¶m h¡, ~mbH$m| ‘| H$m¡Z-H$m¡Z OmVm h¡ {H$ Aܶm{nV {df¶ dñVw H$mo N>mÌ g‘P ahm h¡ AWdm Zht&
go ì¶mdhm[aH$ n[adV©Z {H$E Om MwHo$ h¢ Omo CZH$s àJ{V Ho$ gyMH$ h¢ Am{X& {ejU A{YJ‘ à{H«$¶m ‘| h‘mam EH$‘mÌ CÔoí¶ ahVm h¡- ~mbH$ H$m
narjm Ho$ ‘mܶ‘ go ¶h gw{ZpíMV {H$¶m OmVm h¡ {H$ ~mbH$m| ‘| Ano{jV gdmªJrU {dH$mg& BgHo$ A{V[a³V ~mbH$ H$s Am¶w d H$jm Ho$ ñVa H$mo ܶmZ
ì¶mdmhar¶ n[adV©Z hþE ^r h¢ AWdm Zht& ¶{X hþE h¢ Vmo {H$g gr‘m VH$ Am¡a ‘| aIVo hþE grIZo Ho$ CÔoí¶ {ZpíMV {H$¶o OmVo h¢, bo{H$Z CÔoí¶m| H$s àm{á
AJa Zht hmo nmE h¢ Vmo ³¶y±? My±{H$ {ejm H$m EH$‘mÌ CÔoí¶ ~mbH$ Ho$ ì¶dhma V^r gå^d h¡ O~ ~mbH$ Ho$ grIZo Ho$ ñVa Ho$ ~mao ‘| {ZaÝVa OmZH$mar kmV
‘| n[adV©Z bmZm hmoVm h¢ Bg ÑpîQ> go CgHo$ ì¶dhma ‘| Eogo n[adV©Z bmE hmoVr aho& BgHo$ {bE ¶h Amdí¶H$ h¡ {H$ {ejH$ {ejU Ho$ Xm¡amZ hr {d{^ÝZ
OmE Omo CgHo$ ñd¶§ H$s VWm g‘mO H$s ÑpîQ> go Cn¶moJr hm|, gmW hr, Cgo narjUm| Ho$ AmYma na ¶h gw{ZpíMV H$a bo {H$ ~mbH$ Zo {H$VZm grI {b¶m
grIZo Ho$ AZw^d ^r ì¶dpñWV H«$‘ ‘| àXmZ {H$¶o OmE& BgHo$ {dnarV ¶{X h¡ Am¡a Cgo {H$g-{H$g gmonmZ na ghm¶Vm H$s Amdí¶H$Vm h¢
CÝh| C{MV AZw^d g‘w{MV T>§J go àXmZ Zht {H$E OmVo, V~ h‘mar narjm H$m gVV² ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$m Ame¶ Cg AmH$bZ ¶m narjU go h¡, {Oggo
Am¡{M˶ hr g‘má hmo OmVm h¢ {ejmWu Ho$ Aܶ¶Z Ed§ CnbpãY¶m| H$m à{V‘mh AmH$bZ {H$¶m OmVm h¡&
gVV² ‘yë¶m§H$Z à{H«$¶m ‘| gm‘mݶV… gånyU© nmR²>¶H«$‘ H$mo Xg BH$mB¶m| ‘|
{d^³V H$a {X¶m OmVm h¡& Cg BH$mB© H$m AܶmnZ H$amZo Ho$ ~mX ñdm^m{dH$
16.16 narjm Ed§ ‘yë¶m§H$Z ‘| AÝVa ê$n go à{V‘mh narjU {H$¶m OmVm h¡ VWm CgH$m ì¶dpñWV boIm-OmoIm
narjm Ed§ ‘yë¶m§H$Z ‘| à‘wI AÝVa {ZåZ{b{IV h¢- aIm OmVm h¡& àmW{‘H$ Ed§ nyU© ‘mܶ{‘H$ H$jmAm| ‘| gVV² à{H«$¶m ha OJh
H«$. narjm ‘yë¶m§H$Z àM{bV Zht, {H$ÝVw ¶h Cg ê$n ‘| àM{bV Zht h¡ {Og àH$ma H$s gVV²
g§. ‘yë¶m§H$Z Ho$ ‘m¡{bH$ ñdê$n ‘| hmoZr Mm{hE& Bggo Ho$db kmZmO©Z Ho$ e¡{jH$
1. narjm H$m joÌ ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$s Anojm ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$m joÌ A˶{YH$ ì¶mnH$ Ed§ H$m¡eb H$m ‘yë¶m§H$Z Zht {H$¶m OmVm h¡& Bgo {ZaÝVa ‘yë¶m§H$Z ¶moOZm ^r
g§Hw${MV hmoVm h¡& {dñV¥V hmoVm h¡& H$hVo h¢&
2. ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$s Anojm narjm H$‘ ‘yë¶m§H$Z A{YH$ {dídgZr¶ VWm d¡Y
{dídgZr¶ VWm d¡Y hmoVr h¡& hmoVm h¡&
3. narjm df© ‘| {ZpíMV g‘¶ níMmV² ‘yë¶m§H$Z EH$ gVV² à{H«$¶m h¡, Omo {H$ 16.18 gVV² ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$m ‘hÎd
Am¶mo{OV H$s OmVr h¡, O¡go- {ZaÝVa MbVr ahVr h¡& H$jmoÝZ{V H$m à‘wI gmYZ dm{f©H$ narjm VWm CgHo$ n[aUm‘ hmoVo h¢& Bg
dm{f©H$, AÕ©dm{f©H$, ‘m{gH$&
àWm go g^r ^br-^m±{V n[a{MV h¢& gånyU© ñHy$b g§H$ënZm Ho$ H$m¶©H«$‘
4. narjm Ûmam ~mbH$ H$s Ho$db e¡{jH$ ‘yë¶m§H$Z Ûmam ~mbH$ Ho$ gånyU© ì¶p³VËd
¶mo½¶VmAm| Ed§ Hw$ebVmAm| Ho$ ‘mZ VWm ì¶dhma H$m {ZYm©aU {H$¶m OmVm h¡,
AÝV{Z©{hV gVV² ‘yë¶m§H$Z Bg g‘ñ¶m H$m à‘wI g‘mYmZ h¢& gVV²
{ZYm©[aV {H$¶o OmVo h¡& {Og‘| ì¶dhma Ho$ VrZm| nj- kmZmË‘H$, ‘yë¶m§H$Z Ho$ ‘mܶ‘ go ~mbH$ H$s ¶mo½¶Vm VWm A¶mo½¶Vm Ho$ ~mao ‘| {Z¶{‘V
^mdmË‘H$ VWm ‘Zmoemar[aH$ nj g‘m{hV ê$n go Cn¶moJr VÎdm| H$m g§H$bZ gå^d hmo gHo$Jm& BZ V϶m| H$m à¶moJ
ahVo h¢& Eogo CnMmamË‘H$ {ejU ¶ÝÌ VWm g‘¥Õ {ejU Ho$ ê$n ‘| {H$¶m Om gHo$Jm,
5. narjm ‘w»¶V… {b{IV, ‘m¡{IH$ VWm ‘yë¶m§H$Z ‘| {d{^ÝZ {d{Y¶m| VWm à{d{Y¶m| {Oggo {H$ ~mbH$m| Ho$ ì¶p³VËd Ho$ {d{^ÝZ nhbwAm| H$m A{YH$V‘ {dH$mg
à¶moJmË‘H$ hmoVr h¡& H$m à¶moJ H$aHo$ ~mbH$ Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘|
gyMZmE± EH$Ì H$s OmVr h¡&
{H$¶m Om gHo$ Am¡a {ejm Ho$ bú¶m| H$mo àmá {H$¶m Om gHo$& Bg ’$sS>~¡H$ go Z
Ho$db {dÚmWu H$mo ‘mnZ, dJuH$aU Ed§ à‘mnrH$aU ‘| ghm¶Vm {‘boJr A{nVw
6. narjm Ûmam àmá {ZîH$f© n[a‘mUmË‘H$ ‘yë¶m§H$Z Ûmam àmá {ZîH$f© n[a‘mUmË‘H$
hmoVo h¢& hmoZo Ho$ gmW-gmW JwUmË‘H$ ^r hmoVo h¢& CgH$s H$m¶©Hw$ebVm Ed§ g’$bVm Ho$ ñVa H$mo gwYmaZo H$s VWm Bg àH$ma Ho$
7. narjm H$m Cn¶moJ dJuH$aU VWm BgH$m Cn¶moJ dJuH$aU Ho$ gmW-gmW aMZmË‘H$ ‘yë¶m§H$Z Ho$ Ûmam CgHo$ A{YH$V‘ {dH$mg H$s ì¶dñWm H$mo gj‘
H«$‘moÝZ{V Ho$ {bE hr {H$¶m OmVm h¡& e¡{jH$ {ZXmZ, N>mÌm| H$m ‘mJ©Xe©Z VWm ~Zm¶m Om gHo$Jm& Bg àH$ma gVV² ‘yë¶m§H$Z Ho$ n[aUm‘ h‘| erK« àmá hm|Jo
nyd© H$WZ H$aZo Ho$ {bE {H$¶m OmVm h¡& Am¡a gVV² ì¶mnH$ ‘yë¶m§H$Z ñd¶§ bú¶ Z hmoH$a bú¶ àmá H$aZo H$m gmYZ
h¡ {dÚmWu narjm Ho$ ^¶ go ‘w³V hmo gH|$Jo VWm ghO ^md go ‘yë¶m§H$Z Ho$
{bE VËna ah|Jo&
16.17 gVV² ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$s AdYmaUm gVV² ‘yë¶m§H$Z gmW©H$ kmZ Ho$ {bE {ZXmZ H$m nW àeñV H$aVm h¡&
gVV² ‘yë¶m§H$Z, ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$s Eogr ì¶dñWm h¡ Omo grIZo-{gImZo Ho$ gmW- EH$ àmW{‘H$ {ejH$ AnZo kmZ VWm H$m¶©Hw$ebVm H$s ghm¶Vm go ‘yë¶m§H$Z
gmW MbVr h¡, {Og‘| {ejm{W©¶m| Ho$ AZw^dm| Am¡a ì¶dhmam| ‘| hmoZo dmbo H$m à¶moJ {dÚmWu Ho$ kmZmO©Z H$s H${R>ZmB¶m| Am¡a CgHo$ H$maUm| H$m {ZXmZ
n[adV©Zm| H$m bJmVma ‘yë¶m§H$Z hmoVm ahVm h¡& gVV² ‘yë¶m§H$Z {b{IV, H$aZo Ho$ {bE H$a gH$Vm h¡& dh C{MV CnMmamË‘H$ gmYZ AnZm H$a CgH$s
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
àJʶ ‘yë¶m§H$Z n¥îR> 325
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
àJ{VamoY VWm j{V H$mo H$‘ H$a gH$Vm h¡ VWm Bg Vah Cgo A{YH$V‘ kmZ 16.20 ì¶mnH$ ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$m AW©
àmá H$aZo ‘| ghm¶Vm H$a gH$Vm h¡& gmW©H$ kmZ H$m AW© h¡- {dÚmWu H$s {ejm OrdZ-n¶©ÝV MbZo dmbr EH$ à{H«$¶m h¡ Omo ‘mZd OrdZ Ho$ g^r njm|
dm§N>Zr¶ ¶mo½¶VmAm| VWm j‘VmAm| H$m {dH$mg {Oggo dh ^{dî¶ ‘| A[YH$V‘ H$mo à^m{dV H$aVr h¡& My±{H$ ‘yë¶m§H$Z Am¡a {ejm H$m nañna JhZ gå~ÝY h¡
bm^ àmá H$a gHo$, {dÚmWu H$mo ê${M kmZmO©Z Ho$ {bE CnbãY g‘¶ Ed§ AV… ‘yë¶m§H$Z ^r OrdZ go ‘¥Ë¶w VH$ {H$gr Z {H$gr ê$n ‘| {H$¶m OmVm h¡&
{ejm go bm^ CR>mZo H$s j‘Vm àmá hmoVr h¡& ‘Zwî¶ Ho$ OrdZ Ho$ AZoH$ nhbwAm|, njm|, Ad¶dm|, AdYmaUmAm| H$m g§¶w³V
ñdê$n h¢, Omo ‘Zwî¶ Ho$ OrdZ H$mo à^m{dV H$aVm h¡ dñVwV… dh h‘| {XImB©
16.19 gVV² ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$s {d{Y¶m± Zht n‹S>Vm&
~mbH$ Ho$ A{YJ‘ H$mo {H$gr Z {H$gr ê$n ‘| à^m{dV H$aZo dmbo
dV©‘mZ ‘| naånamJV ê$n go AÕ© dm{f©H$ narjm Ed§ dm{f©H$ narjm H$m’$s
ñWyb-gyú‘, à˶j-Aà˶j, kmV-AkmV AZoH$m| nj h¢, {OZH$m ‘yë¶m§H$Z
A{YH$ g‘¶mÝVamb Ho$ ~mX hmoVr h¢, {OZHo$ H$maU ~mbH$m| H$s H${R>ZmB¶m|
H$aZm ì¶mnH$ ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$hbmVm h¡& Bg ‘yë¶m§H$Z Ho$ Ûmam ¶h {ZU©¶ {b¶m
H$mo nhMmZ H$a CÝh| Xÿa H$aZm Agå^d hmoVm h¡& AV… ~mbH$m| H$s àJ{V H$mo
Om gH$Vm h¡ {H$ H$m¡Z go VÎd N>mÌ Ho$ AÝXa AÀN>o h¢ Am¡a H$m¡Z go ~wao h¢
{ZaÝVa ~Zm¶o aIZo Ho$ {bE gVV² ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$aZo hoVw Hw$N> {ZåZ{b{IV ZB©
VWm VÎdm| H$m N>mÌ Ho$ {dH$mg ‘| ³¶m ¶moJXmZ h¢& e¡{jH$ joÌ ‘| {H$gr ~mbH$
à{d{Y¶m| H$mo AnZm¶m OmZo bJm h¡-
H$m ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$aVo g‘¶ CgHo$ dmVmdaU VWm gm‘m{OH$ n¥îR>^y{‘ d CgH$s
1. gÌ narjm emar[aH$ j‘Vm H$mo g‘PH$a hr ì¶mnH$ ‘yë¶m§H$Z {H$¶m OmVm h¡&
{dÚmb¶m| ‘| naånamJV, Ì¡‘m{gH$, AÕ©dm{f©H$ narjmAm| Ho$ A{V[a³V gVV²
ì¶mnH$ ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$mo ܶmZ ‘| aIVo hþE {ejm gÌ ‘| {gVå~a d ’$adar ‘mh
‘| Xmo Am¡a narjmE± boZo H$m àmdYmZ {H$¶m J¶m h¡& emgZmXoemZwgma ¶o XmoZm| 16.21 ì¶mnH$ ‘yë¶m§H$Z Ho$ {d{^ÝZ nj
narjmE± XmoZm| ‘mhm| Ho$ àW‘ gámh ‘| {Obm {ejm Ed§ à{ejU g§ñWmZm| Ho$ ~mbH$ Ho$ gånyU© njm| H$m ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$aZm ì¶mnH$ ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$hbmVm h¡&
ZoV¥Ëd ‘| gånÝZ hm|Jr& H$jm 1 go 8 VH$ Ho$ {bE à˶oH$ {df¶ H$s narjm ì¶mnH$ ‘yë¶m§H$Z Ho$ AÝVJ©V {ZåZ{b{IV njm| H$mo gpå‘{bV {H$¶m OmVm h¡-
100 A§H$ H$s hmoJr& H$jm 1 d 2 Ho$ {bE A§H$m| H$s ‘m¡{IH$ d 50 A§H$m| H$s 1. g§kmZmË‘H$ nj
{b{IV narjm hmoJr& N>mÌ narjmAm| Ho$ A§H$m| H$mo dm{f©H$ narjm Ho$ A§H$m| ‘| ~mbH$ ‘| {Z{hV kmZ, ñ‘aU, nwZ… ñ‘aU VWm A{^kmZ H$s AdYmaUm H$mo
Omo‹S> {X¶m OmVm h¡& ‘O~yV H$aZm g§kmZmË‘H$ ‘yë¶m§H$Z h¡, {Og‘| ê${M Ed§ {MÝVZ gpå‘{bV
2. BH$mB© narjU {H$¶o OmVo h¢&
gVV² ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$mo {dH${gV Ed§ gwÑ‹T> ~ZmZo H$s ÑpîQ> go nmR²>¶-nwñVH$ Ho$ 2. ^mdmË‘H$ nj
Aܶm¶ Ho$ ~mX BH$mB© narjU ¶moOZm H$mo bmJy {H$¶m J¶m h¡& EH$ Aܶm¶ Ho$ ~mbH$ ‘| {Z{hV ^mdnj, X¶m, H$ê$Um, nwZdm©g H$s BÀN>m, g˶{ZîR>m l¥Õm
{ejU Ho$ ~mX CgH$m narjU {H$¶m OmVm h¡ {H$ n‹T>m¶o J¶o nmR> H$m ~mbH$m| ^md Am{X H$m ‘yë¶m§H$Z {H$¶m OmVm h¡&
H$mo ~moY hmo J¶m h¡ AWdm Zht& ¶{X CÝh| Cg Aܶm¶ H$m ~moY Zht hþAm h¡,
Vmo {ejU nwZ… {H$¶m OmVm h¡& 3. H$m¡ebmË‘H$ nj
~mbH$ ‘| {Z{hV H$m¶©Hw$ebVm, H$m¶© H$aZo H$s j‘Vm, l‘ Ho$ à{V {ZîR>m VWm
3. ‘m{gH$ narjmE± aMZmË‘H$ d {H«$¶mË‘H$ àd¥{Îm H$m ‘yë¶m§H$Z {H$¶m OmVm h¡&
EH$ ‘mh ‘| n‹T>m¶r J¶r {df¶-dñVw H$m AmH$bZ H$aZo Ho$ {bE {dÚmb¶m| ‘|
‘m{gH$ narjmAm| H$m Am¶moOZ {H$¶m OmVm h¡& Bg narjm H$m Am¶moOZ Bg *******
ÑpîQ> go {H$¶m OmVm h¡ {H$ EH$ ‘mh ‘| n‹T>m¶r J¶r {df¶-dñVw H$m N>mÌm| H$mo
{H$VZm ~moY hþAm h¡, ¶{X {ejU ‘| Hw$N> H${‘¶m± ‘hgyg H$s OmVr h¢, Vmo CÝh|
VËH$mb à^md go Xÿa {H$¶m Om gHo$&
4. go‘oñQ>a nÕ{V
gVV² ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$s AdYmaUm H$mo ܶmZ ‘| aIVo hþE dV©‘mZ ‘| CÀM {ejm,
ì¶mdgm{¶H$ {ejm Ed§ à{ejU Am{X ‘| 6-6 ‘mh H$s go‘oñQ>a nÕ{V H$mo bmJy
{H$¶m J¶m h¡& à˶oH$ go‘oñQ>a nyam H$aZo Ho$ ~mX narjm Am¶mo{OV H$s OmVr
h¡& Bg Ad{Y ‘| gr{‘V nmR²>¶H«$‘ hmoZo Ho$ H$maU N>mÌm| H$mo A{YJ‘ H$aZo ‘|
AmgmZr ahVr h¡ VWm 6 ‘mh Ho$ ~mX ¶h kmV hmo OmVm h¡ {H$ N>mÌm| ‘| {H$g
ñVa na H$‘r h¡& Bg nÕ{V ‘| go‘oñQ>a H$m narjm’$b {ZH$bZo H$m BÝVOma Z
H$aHo$ VwaÝV AJbo go‘oñQ>a H$s n‹T>mB© àmaå^ H$a Xr OmVr h¡&
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&

n¥îR> 326 ‘yë¶m§H$Z àJʶ

¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&

Aä¶mgmW© àíZ 9. gVV² Am¡a ì¶mnH$ ‘yë¶m§H$Z .......... hmoVm h¡&

(1) {ejH$-Ho$pÝÐV (2) {dÚmWu-Ho$pÝÐV
(3) narjm-Ho$pÝÐV (4) {ZînmXZ-AmYm[aV

10. gVV² ‘yë¶m§H$Z ‘| JwU {Z{hV hmoVm h¡-

1. ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$m AW© h¡-
(1) {Z¶‘~ÕVm H$m (2) {ZaÝVaVm H$m
(1) {ZarjU
(3) AñnîQ>Vm H$m (4) Aì¶dñWm H$m
(2) narjU
(3) {ZU©¶ XoZm 11. gVV² Ed§ ì¶mnH$ ‘yë¶m§H$Z Ho$ ‘ܶ AÝVa h¡-
(4) Cnamo³V g^r (1) {ejU-ep³V H$m (2) nmR²>¶-dñVw H$m
(3) g‘¶ H$m (4) CÔoí¶ H$m
2. ‘yë¶m§H$Z go A{^àm¶ h¡-
(1) N>mÌm| H$s Amdí¶H$Vm H$m nVm bJmZm 12. N>mÌm| H$m ‘yë¶m§H$Z {H$¶m OmZm Mm{hE-
(2) N>mÌm| H$s ~w{Õ H$m nVm bJmZm (1) df© ‘| Xmo ~ma (2) bJmVma df© ^a
(3) N>mÌm| Ho$ A{YJ‘ H$s g’$bVm d Ag’$bVm H$m Aܶ¶Z H$aZm (3) df© ‘| VrZ ~ma (4) df© Ho$ AÝV ‘|
(4) ñdmñ϶ narjU H$aZm
13. ‘yë¶m§H$Z ‘| Xr OmVr h¡- ~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$
3. ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$m CÔoí¶ h¢- (1) e¡{jH$ àJ{V H$s àoaUm
H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU
(1) e¡{jH$ CÔoí¶m| ‘| ñnîQ>Vm bmZm& àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr
(2) ^mfU H$s àoaUm
(2) N>mÌm| H$m dJuH$aU AWdm loUr {ZYm©aU H$aZm h¡ {H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s
(3) ImZo-nrZo H$s àoaUm PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ>
(3) à¶moOZ Ho$ AZwgma M¶Z H$aZm (4) BZ‘| go H$moB© Zht www.praganya.org
(4) Cnamo³V g^r
go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
14. ‘yë¶m§H$Z Ho$ nj hmoVo h¢-
4. EH$ AÀN>o ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$s {deofVm hmoZr Mm{hE- (1) VrZ (2) Mma
(1) {dÚmWu Ho$pÝÐV hmo (2) ì¶mnH$ hmo (3) nm±M (4) Xmo
(3) CÔoí¶ Ho$pÝÐV hmo (4) Cn¶w©³V g^r
15. {ejU à{H«$¶m {H$g gr‘m VH$ g’$b h¡, BgH$m nVm bJm¶m OmVm h¡-
5. ‘yë¶m§H$Z ‘| em{‘b h¡- (1) {ejH$m| go
(1) ‘yë¶ {ZYm©aU (2) ‘mnZ (2) ‘yë¶m§H$Z go
(3) Cn¶w©³V XmoZm| (4) nwañH$ma/XÊS> (3) g‘mO go
6. ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$m CÔoí¶ h¡- (4) {dÚm{W©¶m| go
(1) {Zanoj (2) gmnoj 16. gVV² Am¡a ì¶mnH$ ‘yë¶m§H$Z ~b XoVm h¡-
(3) EH$m§Jr (4) ~hþ‘wIr (1) ~moS>© narjmAm| H$s AZmdí¶H$Vm na
7. ‘yë¶m§H$Z à{H«$¶m Ho$ VrZ ‘hÎdnyU© {~ÝXþ h¢- (2) grIZo H$mo gw{ZpíMV H$aZo Ho$ {bE ì¶mnH$ ñHo$b na {ZaÝVa narjU
(1) CÔoí¶, A{YJ‘ AZw^d d ‘yë¶m§H$Z Ho$ CnH$aU na
(2) N>mÌ, AܶmnH$ d CÔoí¶ (3) grIZo H$mo {H$g àH$ma Adbmo{H$V, [aH$m°S>© Am¡a gwYmam OmE Bg na
(3) N>mÌ, g‘mO d A{YJ‘ Ho$ AZw^d (4) {ejU Ho$ gmW narjmAm| Ho$ gm‘§Oñ¶ na
(4) N>mÌ, narjm d n[aUm‘
17. O~ EH$ ~mdMu, ImZm nH$mVo g‘¶ ImZo H$mo MIVm h¡, Vmo ¶h
8. ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$m ‘w»¶ CÔoí¶ hmoZm Mm{hE- .........Ho$ g‘mZ h¡&
(1) {ejm[W¶m] H$s CnbpãY H$mo ‘mnZm (1) grIZo H$m AmH$bZ
(2) ¶h {ZU©¶ boZm {H$ ³¶m {dÚmWu H$mo AJbr H$jm ‘| àmoÝZV {H$¶m (2) grIZo Ho$ {bE AmH$bZ
OmZm Mm{hE (3) grIZo Ho$ ê$n ‘| AmH$bZ
(3) grIZo ‘| hmoZo dmbr H${‘¶m| H$m {ZXmZ Am¡a CnMma H$aZm (4) AmH$bZ Am¡a grIZm
(4) {ejm[W©¶m| H$s Ìw{Q>¶m± {ZH$mbZm
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17.
(3) (3) (4) (4) (3) (2) (4) (1) (2) (2) (4) (2) (1) (1) (2) (3) (2)
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
àJʶ ‘yë¶m§H$Z n¥îR> 327
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
18. ......... Ho$ Abmdm {ZåZ{b{IV KQ>Zm/d¥ÎmmÝV [aH$m°S>© H$s {deofVmE± 26. ‘w±h Xa ‘w±h ~mVMrV AZwgÝYmZ H$s H$m¡Zgr à{d{Y h¡?
h¢- (1) àíZmdbr (2) gmjmËH$ma
(1) ¶h KQ>ZmAm| H$m ghr dU©Z h¡& (3) {ZarjU (4) g‘mO{‘{V
(2) ¶h ~ÀMo Ho$ ì¶p³VJV {dH$mg AWdm gm‘m{OH$ AÝV…{H«$¶mAm| H$mo
d{U©V H$aVm h¡& 27. ¶{X ‘mnZ Ho$ gmao ¶ÝÌ VWm gmYZ {díd go g‘mßV H$a {XE OmE, Vmo
(3) ¶h n¶m©ßV {dñVma go nyU© V϶mË‘H$ à{VdoXZ h¡& AmYw{ZH gä¶Vm ~mby H$s Xrdma H$s Vah ‹T>h Om¶oJr& ¶h H$WZ h¡-
(4) ¶h ì¶dhma H$m ì¶p³V{ZîR> gmú¶ h¡ Am¡a Bg{bE dh e¡j{UH$ joÌ Ho$ (1) am°¶ H$m (2) am°g H$m
{bE à{VnwpîQ> (’$sS>~¡H$) CnbãY Zht H$amVm& (3) ha~Q>© H$m (4) qgngZ H$m

19. gVV² Am¡a ì¶mnH$ ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$s ¶moOZm ‘| ì¶mnH$ eãX .......... Ho$ 28. {H$gr dñVw H$mo ‘mÌm Ho$ ê$n ‘| àH$Q> H$aZo H$s à{H«$¶m H$mo .........
Abmdm {ZåZ{b{IV Ho$ Ûmam g‘{W©V {H$¶m OmVm h¡& H$hVo h¢&
(1) ~hþ~w{Õ {gÕmÝV (1) ‘mnZ (2) ‘yë¶m§H$Z
(2) gyMZm àH«$‘U {gÕmÝV (3) n[a{Y (4) g§{H«$¶m
(3) Oo. nr. {Jb’$moS>© H$m ~w{Õ-g§aMZm H$m {gÕmÝV
29. dhr narjm nyU©V¶m d¡Y ‘mZr OmEJr, {Og‘|-
(4) WñQ>©Z H$m àmW{‘H$ ‘mZ{gH$ ¶mo½¶VmAm| H$m {gÕmÝV
(1) {Z~ÝYmË‘H$ àíZ hmo& (2) bKyÎmamË‘H$ àíZ hmo&
20. {dÚm{W©¶m| Ho$ nmoQ>©’$mo{b¶mo Ho$ {bE gm‘J«r H$m M¶Z H$aVo g‘¶ (3) dñVw{ZîR> àíZ hmo& (4) Cn¶w©³V g^r hmo&
......... H$m ......... Oê$a hmoZm Mm{hE& 30. grIZo Ho$ {bE AmH$bZ {ZåZ{b{IV H$m ܶmZ h¡ {gdm¶-
(1) {dÚm{W©¶m|, g‘mdoeZ (2) A{^^mdH$m|, g‘mdoeZ (1) {dÚm{W©¶m| H$s Amdí¶H$VmE±
(3) {dÚm{W©¶m|, ~{hîH$aU (4) Aݶ {ejH$m|, g‘mdoeZ (2) {dÚm{W©¶m| H$s Ìw{Q>¶m±
21. grIZo .......... AmH$bZ, AmH$bZ Am¡a AZwXoeZ Ho$ ~rM .......... (3) {dÚm{W©¶m| H$s A{YJ‘-e¡{b¶m±
(4) {dÚm{W©¶m| H$s j‘VmE±
Ho$ Ñ‹T>rH$aU Ûmam grIZo H$mo à^m{dV H$aVm h¡&
(1) Ho$ {bE, gå~ÝYm| (2) Ho$ {bE, AÝVa 31. gVV² Am¡a ì¶mnH$ ‘yë¶m§H$Z Ho$ {bE Vm{H©$H$ AmYma h¡-
(3) H$m, AÝVa (4) H$m, {^ÝZVm (1) grIZo Ho$ EH$ go A{YH$ njmo§ H$m AmH$bZ
(2) AmH$bZ Ho$ Adgam| H$m A{YH$‘rH$aU
22. gm‘m{OH$ pñW{V H$m gdm}Îm‘ CnH$aU ³¶m h¡?
(3) ‘mZd ì¶p³VËd H$s g‘J« àH¥${V
(1) àíZmdbr (2) gmjmËH$ma
(4) {ejH$m| na ~moP ~‹T>mZm
(3) {ZarjU (4) g‘mO{‘{V
32. àíZmdbr ‘mnZ H$s EH$ à{d{Y h¡, {OgH$s ghm¶Vm go àíZm| Ho$ CÎma
23. {Ho$gr {dÚmWu Ho$ AmÝV[aH$ ‘Zmo^mdm| Ho$ ‘mn H$s gdm}Îm‘ à{d{Y
àmßV {H$¶o OmVo h¢, {OÝh| ݶmXe© Ho$ gXñ¶m| Ûmam ñd¶§ {bIZm n‹S>Vm
H$m¡Zgr h¡?
(1) àíZmdbr (2) gmjmËH$ma h¡& ¶h {H$gZo H$hm h¡?
(3) à˶mamonU {d{Y (4) g‘mO{‘{V (1) JwS> VWm ñHo$Q> Zo
(2) JwS> VWm h¡Q> Zo
24. {H$gr H$jm ‘| {H$gr [dÚmWu Ho$ gm‘m{OH$ gå~ÝYm| H$m ‘mnZ {H$g (3) dmQ>, S>o{dg VWm Om°ZgZ Zo
{d{Y go {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡? (4) Cn¶w©³V g^r
(1) àíZmdbr (2) gmjmËH$ma
33. AmH$bZ H$mo Cn¶moJr Am¡a amoMH$ à{H«$¶m ~ZmZo Ho$ {bE .......... Ho$
(3) {ZarjU (4) g‘mO{‘{V
à{V gMoV hmoZm Mm{hE&
25. e¡{jH$ AZwgÝYmZ ‘| g~go A{YH$ {H$g à{d{Y H$m à¶moJ {H$¶m (1) AbJ-AbJ {dÚm{W©¶m| ‘| VwbZm H$aZo
OmVm h¡? (2) {dÚm{W©¶m| H$mo ~w{Õ‘mZ ¶m Am¡gV {ejmWu H$s Cnm{Y XoZo
(1) àíZmdbr (2) gmjmËH$ma (3) e¡{jH$ Am¡a gh-e¡{jH$ joÌm| ‘| {dÚmWu Ho$ grIZo Ho$ ~mao ‘| OmZH$mar
(3) {ZarjU (4) g‘mO{‘{V àmßV H$aZo Ho$ {bE {d{dY VarH$m| H$m à¶moJ H$aZo
(4) à{VnwpîQ> (’$sS>~¡H$) XoZo Ho$ {bE VH$ZrH$s ^mfm H$m à¶moJ H$aZo

18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33.
(4) (3) (1) (1) (4) (3) (4) (2) (2) (2) (1) (3) (1) (1) (1) (2)
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&

n¥îR> 328 ‘yë¶m§H$Z àJʶ

¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
34. {H«$pñQ>Zm AnZr H$jm H$mo joÌ-^«‘U na bo OmVr h¡ Am¡a dmng AmZo 40. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgm gVV² Ed§ ì¶mnH$ ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$m EH$ CÔoí¶
na AnZo {dÚm{W©¶m| Ho$ gmW ^«‘U na MMm© H$aVr h¡& ¶h .......... Zht h¡?
H$s Amoa g§Ho$V H$aVm h¡& (1) ¶mX aIZo na ~b XoZo Ho$ ~Xbo grIZo H$s à{H«$¶m na ~b XoZm&
(1) grIZo Ho$ {bE AmH$bZ (2) N>mÌm| Ho$ grIZo H$s à{H«$¶m Ed§ n[adoe Ho$ ~mao ‘| Cn¶w³V {ZU©¶ boZm&
(2) AmH$bZ Ho$ {bE grIZm (3) AܶmnZ Ed§ A{YJ‘ à{H«$¶m H$mo {ejH$ Ho$pÝÐV H$m¶©H$bmn ~ZmZm&
(3) AmH$bZ H$m grIZm (4) ~moYmË‘H$, ‘ZmoàoaH$ Am¡a ^mdmË‘H$ H$m¡ebm| Ho$ {dH$mg ‘| ghm¶Vm
(4) grIZo H$m AmH$bZ H$aZm&

35. {ZåZ ‘| go A{YJ‘ Ho$ ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$s {deofVm Zht h¡- 41. gmjmËH$ma H$mo {H$g loUr ‘| aIm J¶m h¡?
(1) ¶h ‘yë¶m§H$Z {ejm-àm{ßV Ho$ ~mX {H$¶m OmVm h¡& (1) àojU (2) àjonU
(2) Bg‘| gyMZm H$mo gm‘mݶ ê$n go A§H$m| AWdm J«oS>m| ‘| ê$nmÝV[aV {H$¶m (3) dmVm©bmn (4) BZ‘| go H$moB© Zht
OmVm h¡&
(3) Bg‘| gyMZm AܶmnH$ Ûmam EH$Ì H$s OmVr h¡& 42. ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$s à{H«$¶m Ho$ Xm¡amZ {ejH$m| H$mo H$m’$s gmdYmZr ~aVZo H$s
(4) Bg‘| gyMZm N>mÌm| Ho$ Ûmam ñd¶§ EH$Ì H$s OmVr h¡& Amdí¶H$Vm hmoVr h¡& Bg Xm¡amZ {ejH$m| H$mo {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgm
H$m¶© H$aZm Mm{hE?
36. dh ‘yë¶m§H$Z, Omo {dÚmb¶ n[afXm| Ho$ {Xem-{ZX}em§o Ho$ AmYma na (1) N>mÌm| H$mo ’$sS>~¡H$ CnbãY H$amZm, Vm{H$ do ~ohVa T>§J go H$m¶© H$a
Vmo {H$¶m OmVm h¡, {H$ÝVw n[afX² (~moS>©) ñVa na Zht, H$hbmVm h¡- gHo$&
(1) {dÚmb¶ AmYm[aV ‘yë¶m§H$Z (2) {ZarjU (2) N>mÌm| Ho$ ~rM VwbZm H$aZm&
(3) AdbmoH$Z (4) ì¶mnH$ ‘yë¶m§H$Z (3) N>mÌm| Ho$ ~mao ‘| ZH$mamË‘H$ ~¶mZ XoZm&
(4) {ejm{W©¶m| H$mo ‘ÝX, H$‘Omoa, ~w{Õ‘mZ Am[X Ho$ ê$n ‘| dJuH¥$V H$aZm&
37. AmOH$b {dÚmb¶ AmYm[aV ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$s MMm© H$s OmVr h¡, BgHo$
AÝVJ©V AܶmnH$m| H$mo {dÚm{W©¶m| Ho$ ~mao ‘| {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go ³¶m 43. gVV² Ed§ ì¶mnH$ ‘yë¶m§H$Z Ho$ ~mao ‘| {ZåZ[b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgm H$WZ
OmZZo H$m Adga àmßV hmoVm h¡? Ag˶ h¡?
1. do ³¶m grIVo h¢? 2. do ³¶m gmoMVo h¡§? (1) gVV² Am¡a ì¶mnH$ ‘yë¶m§H$Z Ho$ gVV² nhby Ho$ AÝVJ©V ‘yë¶m§H$Z Ho$
3. do H¡$go grIVo h¢? gVV² Am¡a Amd{YH$ nhby H$m ܶmZ aIm OmVm h¡&
(1) Ho$db 1 (2) 2 Am¡a 3 (2) ì¶mnH$ g§KQ>H$ ‘| {dÚm{W©¶m| Ho$ {dH$mg Ho$ e¡{jH$ Am¡a BgHo$ Abmdm
(3) 1 Am¡a 3 (4) ¶o g^r gh-e¡{jH$ nhbwAm| H$m {ZYm©aU em{‘b h¡&
(3) Bg‘| N>mÌm| H$s CnbpãY¶m| H$m ‘yë¶m§H$Z A§H$m| Ho$ ê$n ‘| hmoVm h¡&
38. Ho$ÝÐr¶ ‘mܶ{‘H$ {ejm ~moS>© Zo {dÚmb¶ AmYm[aV gVV² Ed§ ì¶mnH$ (4) Bg‘| ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$s ~hþ{dY VH$ZrH$m| H$m Cn¶moJ AZm¡nMm[aH$ ê$n go
‘yë¶m§H$Z Ho$ {Xem-{ZX}e {XE h¢, {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgm BgH$m {H$¶m OmVm h¡&
EH$ CÔoí¶ Zht h¡?
(1) ~ÀMm| na n‹S>Zo dmbo X~md H$mo H$‘ H$aZm 44. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgm gVV² Ed§ ì¶mnH$ ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$m EH$
(2) {dÚm{W©¶m| H$mo AnZr ê${M Ho$ AZwgma n‹T>Zo H$s Ny>Q> XoZm CnH$aU ¶m gmYZ h¡?
(3) N>mÌm| H$s àdrUVm Ho$ {ZYm©aU Ho$ {bE A§H$mo| Ho$ ñWmZ na J«oS>m| H$m 1. {ZarjU
Cn¶moJ 2. àíZmdbr
(4) {ZXmZ Ed§ CnMma Ho$ gmYZ H$s ì¶dñWm H$aZm 3. Om±M gyMr
(1) Ho$db 1 (2) Ho$db 2
39. gVV² Ed§ ì¶mnH$ ‘yë¶m§H$Z ‘| ì¶mnH$ H$m VmËn¶© ³¶m h¡? (3) Ho$db 3 (4) ¶o g^r
(1) EH$ ~ma Ho$ H$m¶©H«$‘ Ho$ ~Xbo {ZaÝVa ‘yë¶m§H$Z&
(2) N>mÌm| Ho$ e¡{jH$ Ed§ gh-e¡{jH$ njm| H$s$ {H$gr EH$ j‘Vm H$m ì¶mnH$ 45. A{YJ‘ H$o AÀN>o ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$m/Ho$ ‘mZXÊS> h¡/h¢-
‘yë¶m§H$Z& (1) ¶o ¶wp³Vg§JV hmoVo h¢&
(3) N>mÌm| H$s kmZ, g‘P, ì¶m»¶m, AZwà¶moJ, {díbofU B˶m{X H$s j‘Vm (2) ¶o {dídgZr¶ hmoVo h¢&
H$m ‘yë¶m§H$Z& (3) ¶o VwbZr¶ hmoVo h¢&
(4) N>mÌm| H$s ¶mX H$aZo H$s j‘Vm H$m ì¶mnH$ ‘yë¶m§H$Z& (4) ¶o g^r

34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45.
(1) (4) (1) (4) (2) (2) (3) (1) (1) (3) (4) (4)
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
àJʶ ‘yë¶m§H$Z n¥îR> 329
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
46. nmaån[aH$ ~mø narjm H$s VwbZm ‘| dV©‘mZ g‘¶ ‘| {dÚmb¶- 51. ‘yë¶m§H$Z Ûmam nVm MbVm h¡-
AmYm[aV ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$mo gwÑ‹T> H$aZo H$s Amdí¶H$Vm ³¶m| h¡? (1) N>mÌ Ho$ ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg H$m
(1) ³¶m|{H$ {dÚmb¶ AmYm[aV ‘yë¶m§H$Z ‘| ~ÀMm| H$s g^r ¶mo½¶VmAm| H$m (2) N>mÌ H$s e¡{jH$ pñW{V VWm àJ{V H$m
‘yë¶m§H$Z hmoVm h¡& (3) N>mÌ Ho$ gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg H$m
(2) ³¶m|{H$ {dÚmb¶ AmYm[aV ‘yë¶m§H$Z df© Ho$ AÝV ‘| EH$ ~ma hmoVm h¡, (4) N>mÌ H$s gmoM H$m
{Oggo N>mÌm| H$mo gw{dYm hmoVr h¡&
(3) ³¶m|{H$ {dÚmb¶ AmYm[aV narjm ‘§o A§H$m| Ho$ AmYma na {dÚm{W©¶m| H$mo 52. ‘yë¶m§H$Z Ho$ Ûmam-
CÎmrU© AWdm AZwÎmrU© {H$¶m OmVm h¡& (1) N>mÌ AnZr H${‘¶m| H$mo OmZ OmVo h¢&
(4) Cnamo³V g^r (2) N>mÌ H$jm ‘| à{VñnÕm© H$aVo h¢&
(3) N>mÌ AnZr ¶mo½¶Vm ‘| gwYma bmZo H$m à¶mg H$aVo h¢&
47. gVV² Ed§ ì¶mnH$ ‘yë¶m§H$Z Ho$ AÝVJ©V {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgm (4) Cn¶w©³V g^r bm^ àmßV H$aVo h¢&
H$m¶© Zht {H$¶m OmVm h¡?
53. AmÝV[aH$ ‘yë¶m§H$Z h¡-
(1) Bg‘| narjm-n[aUm‘m| H$m {díbofU, Am¡a ì¶mnH$ d¡km{ZH$ VarHo$ go
(1) {ejm n[afX² Ûmam ‘yë¶m§H$Z
{H$¶m OmVm h¡&
(2) Aܶ¶ZaV {dÚmb¶ Ho$ AܶmnH$ Ûmam ‘yë¶m§H$Z
(2) Bg‘| narjm Ho$ àmßVm§H$m§o Ho$ AmYma na {dÚm{W©¶m| H$mo CÎmrU© AWdm
(3) N>mÌm| Ûmam ñd-‘yë¶m§H$Z
AZwÎmrU© {H$¶m OmVm h¡&
(4) AܶmnH$m| Ho$ {ejU H$m ‘yë¶m§H$Z
(3) Bg‘| ~ÀMm| na n‹S>Zo dmbo X~md H$mo H$‘ {H$¶m OmVm h¡&
(4) ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$mo ì¶mnH$ Ed§ {Z¶{‘V ~Zm¶m OmVm h¡& 54. X¡{ZH$ ‘yë¶m§H$Z bm^Xm¶H$ h¡-
(1) ~mbH$m| H$m ܶmZ Ho$pÝÐV H$aZo ‘|
48. gVV² Ed§ ì¶mnH$ ‘yë¶m§H$Z ‘| {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go {H$gH$m ‘yë¶m§H$Z
(2) ~mbH$m| H$s VmËH$m{bH$ e¡{jH$ pñW{V H$m nVm bJmZo ‘|
Zht {H$¶m OmZm Mm{hE?
(3) H$jm H$mo A{YH$m{YH$ V§J H$aZo ‘|
(1) N>mÌm| Ho$ {d{^ÝZ {df¶ joÌm| Ho$ H$m¡eb
(4) {ejH$ Ûmam AnZo H$Îm©ì¶ H$m ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$aZo ‘|
(2) N>mÌm| Ho$ {d{^ÝZ {df¶ joÌm| ‘| g’$bVm H$m ñVa
(3) N>mÌm| H$s gm‘m{OH$-Am[W©H$ [ñW{V 55. ‘yë¶m§H$Z ‘| JwUmË‘H$ nj H$m ‘mnZ H$aVo h¢-
(4) N>mÌm| Ho$ d¡¶p³VH$ H$m¡eb, ê${M Ed§ A{^d¥{Îm (1) gmjmËH$ma Ed§ AdbmoH$Z Ho$ Ûmam
(2) N>mÌm| Ho$ JwUm| Ho$ ñne© Ûmam
49. ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$s à{H«$¶m Ho$ Xm¡amZ {ejH$m| H$mo H$m’$s gmdYmZr ~aVZo H$s
(3) {b{IV narjm Ûmam
Amdí¶H$Vm hmoVr h¡& Bg Xm¡amZ {ejH$m| H$mo {ZåZ{b[IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgm (4) ‘m¡{IH$ narjm Ûmam
H$m¶© Zht H$aZm Mm{hE?
(1) à˶oH$ {dÚmWu H$s AZw{H«$¶m Ho$ ~mao ‘| g§doXZerb hmoZm& 56. {ZåZ ‘| go H$m¡Zgr ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$s {deofVm Zht h¢?
(2) ~ÀMm| H$s àJ{V Ho$ ~mao ‘| gyMZm EH$Ì H$aVo ahZm& (1) ¶h EH$ ì¶mnH$ à{H«$¶m h¡, Omo ì¶dhma Ho$ VrZm| njm| H$mo em{‘b H$aVr
(3) {ejm{W©¶m| H$mo {d{^ÝZ dJm] ‘| {d^m{OV H$a CZHo$ ~rM VwbZm H$aZm& h¡&
(4) ~ÀMm| H$s {d{^ÝZ àH$ma H$s gyMZmAm| H$mo A{^boI~Õ H$aZm& (2) ¶h EH$ ì¶dpñWV à{H«$¶m h¡, Omo nyd© {ZYm©[aV CÔoí¶m| H$s {Xem ‘|
AmJo ~‹T>Vr h¡&
50. gVV² Ed§ ì¶mnH$ ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$s {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go {H$g {d{Y ‘| {ejH$ (3) ¶h H$m¶© nyam hmoZo Ho$ ~mX {H$¶m OmVm h¡&
{dÚmWu Ho$ {d{^ÝZ V϶m| O¡go- ^mfm Ho$ à¶moJ, g§doJmË‘H$, Iob Ho$ (4) ¶h EH$ CÔoí¶ nyU© {H«$¶m h¡, Omo {H$ {ejH$ VWm {eî¶ XmoZm| H$s Oê$aV
Xm¡amZ ì¶dhma B˶m{X H$mo {bIVm h¡ Ed§ Bg Vah EH$Ì gyMZmAm| Ho$ H$mo nyam H$aVr h¡&
AmYma na ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$aVm h¡?
(1) Om±M-gyMr 57. ‘yë¶m§H$Z ghm¶H$ h¡-
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$
(2) àíZmdbr 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm (1) g§M¶r A{^boI V¡¶ma H$aZo ‘|
(3) {ZarjU h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡ {H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV (2) A{YJ‘ CÔoí¶m| H$s àm{ßV ‘|
(4) gmjmËH$ma g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> (3) AܶmnH$ Ho$ ì¶dhma ‘| gwYma bmZo ‘|
www.praganya.org (4) Cnamo³V g^r
go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&

46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57.
(4) (2) (3) (3) (1) (2) (4) (2) (2) (1) (3) (4)
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&

n¥îR> 330 ‘yë¶m§H$Z àJʶ

¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
58. ‘yë¶m§H$Z {H$g àH$ma go AܶmnH$ Ho$ {bE Cn¶moJr h¡? 64. {ZåZ{b{IV H$WZmo§ na {dMma H$s{OE-
(1) ¶h {H«$¶m AZwgÝYmZm| Ho$ {bE Z¶o amñVo ImobVm h¡& 1. àíZmdbr, àíZm| H$m EH$ g‘yh, Omo CÎmaXmVm Ho$ gå‘wI àñVwV {H$¶m
(2) AܶmnH$ AnZo N>mÌm| H$mo {d{^ÝZ lo{U¶m| ‘| dJuH¥$V H$a gH$Vm h¡& OmVm h¡&
(3) AܶmnH$ AnZo N>mÌm| H$mo VwaÝV nwpîQ>>nmofU Xo gH$Vm h¡& 2. àíZmdbr à‘mUrH¥$V gmjmËH$ma H$m {b{IV ê$n h¡& gmjmËH$ma ‘| àíZ
(4) Cnamo³V g^r ‘m¡{IH$ ê$n go H«$‘ ‘| nyN>o OmVo h¢&
Cnamo³V H$WZm| ‘| H$m¡Zgm/go H$WZ ghr h¡/h¢?
59. ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$aVo g‘¶ Amn- (1) Ho$db 1 (2) Ho$db 2
(1) {චN>mÌm| H$mo A{YH$ A§H$ X|Jo& (3) 1 Am¡a 2 (4) Z Vmo 1 Am¡a Z hr 2
(2) ‘yë¶m§H$Z {Zînj H$a|Jo&
(3) ‘O~yarde {g’$m[ae dmbo N>mÌm| H$mo AÀN>o A§H$ X|Jo 65. àíZmdbr V¡¶ma H$aVo g‘¶ {H$Z ~mVm| H$m ܶmZ aIZm Mm{hE?
(4) Cn¶w©³V g^r 1. àíZmdbr Ho$ gmW ‘wI-nÌ Adí¶ ê$n go g§b½Z ahZm Mm{hE, {Og‘|
àíZmdbr H$mo àem{gV H$aZo Ho$ CÔoí¶ H$m ñnîQ> CëboI {H$¶m OmZm
60. {ejU H$mo ~ohVa ~ZmZo Ho$ {bE Amdí¶H$ h¡ {H$- Mm{hE&
(1) nmR²>¶H«$‘ H$mo ~ma-~ma Xmoham¶m OmE& 2. àíZmdbr ‘§o gpå‘{bV àíZ AmH$ma H$s ÑpîQ> go N>moQ>o d ~moYJå¶ hmoZo
(2) J¥hH$m¶© {X¶m OmE& Mm{hE&
(3) N>mÌm| H$mo àíZ nyN>Zo Ho$ {bE àmoËgm{hV {H$¶m OmE& Cnamo³V H$WZm| ‘| H$m¡Zgm/go H$WZ ghr h¡/h¢?
(4) N>mÌm| H$m ‘yë¶m§H$Z Am¡a g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ gmW-gmW {H$¶m Om¶| (1) Ho$db 1
(2) Ho$db 2
61. gVV² ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$m H$m¶© h¡-
(3) 1 Am¡a 2
(1) {eî¶m| d AܶmnH$m| H$s H$‘Omo[a¶m| H$m nVm bJmZm
(4) Z Vmo 1 Am¡a Z hr 2
(2) N>mÌ VWm AܶmnH$m| H$mo H${R>Z n[al‘ H$aZo Ho$ {bE A{^ào[aV H$aZm
(3) N>mÌm| H$mo {deofkVm ñVa VH$ nhþ±MmZm 66. {ZåZ{b{IV H$WZm| na {dMma H$s{OE-
(4) Cnamo³V g^r 1. AZwgy{M¶m± EH$-Xÿgao go E³g³by{gd hmoVr h¡&
2. gmjmËH$ma H$mo àm‘m{UH$ ~ZmZo ‘| AZwgy{M¶m± ghm¶H$ Zht hmoVr h¡&
62. ‘yë¶m§H$Z Am±H$‹S>m| H$s AW©nyU© ì¶m»¶m Ho$ {bE {díbofU Ho$ ‘w»¶
Cnamo³V H$WZm| ‘| H$m¡Zgm/go H$WZ ghr h¡/h¢?
gmonmZ ~VmBE? (1) Ho$db 1 (2) Ho$db 2
1. Am±H$‹S>m| H$m dJuH$aU Am¡a gmaUrH$aU
(3) 1 Am¡a 2 (4) Z Vmo 1 Am¡a Z hr 2
2. g‘§H$m| H$m gm§p»¶H$s¶ {díbofU
3. Ìw{Q>¶m| H$m {díbofU 67. àíZmdbr Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘| ³¶m g˶ h¡?
4. J«m’$s¶ {díbofU Am¡a {Zê$nU (1) {‘{lV àíZmdbr ‘| ‘w³V àíZmdbr Ed§ à{V~pÝYV àíZmdbr em{‘b
5. ‘mZH$m| Am¡a ‘mZXÊ‹S>m| H$m Cn¶moJ Zht h¡&
Hy$Q>- ~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ (2) à{V~pÝYV àíZmdbr ‘| {dMmamZwgma CÎma {X¶m OmVm h¡&
(1) 1,4,2,5 Am¡a 3 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm (3) ‘w³V àíZmdbr ‘| {H$gr EH$ CÎma H$m M¶Z H$aZm hmoVm h¡&
(2) 1,2,4,5 Am¡a 3 h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡ {H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV (4) Cnamo³V ‘| go H$moB© Zht
(3) 1,2,5,4 Am¡a 3 g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ>
www.praganya.org 68. àíZ H$aVo g‘¶ gmjmËH$maH$Vm© H$mo {H$Z ~mVm| H$m ܶmZ aIZm hmoVm
(4) 3,1,2,5 Am¡a 4
go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
h¡?
63. {dÚmb¶-AmYm[aV AmH$bZ ‘w»¶ ê$n go {H$g {gÕmÝV na AmYm[aV 1. àíZ H«$‘~Õ hmo&
hmoVm h¡? 2. àíZ gab d ñnîQ> hmo&
(1) AmH$bZ ~hþV {H$’$m¶Vr ({‘V춶r) hmoZm Mm{hE& 3. gmjmËH$ma XoZo dmbo ì¶p³V H$mo AnZr A{^ì¶p³V H$m C{MV Adga
(2) ~mø narjH$m| H$s Anojm {ejH$ AnZo {ejm[W©¶m| H$s j‘VmAm| H$mo àXmZ Zht {H$¶m OmVm h¡&
~ohVa OmZVo h¢& Hy$Q>-
(3) {H$gr ^r H$s‘V na {dÚm{W©¶m| H$mo AÀN>o J«oS> {‘bZo Mm{hE& (1) Ho$db 1 (2) Ho$db 2
(4) {dÚmb¶, ~mø narjm {ZH$m¶m| H$s Anojm Á¶mXm gj‘ h¡& (3) 1 Am¡a 2 (4) Ho$db 3

58. 59. 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 67. 68.
(4) (2) (4) (4) (2) (2) (3) (3) (4) (4) (3)
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
àJʶ ‘yë¶m§H$Z n¥îR> 331
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
69. ‘yë¶m§H$Z Ho$ {df¶ ‘| Omo C{MV h¡, dh h¡- 76. H$jm Zm¶H$ (CnXoeH$) Ûmam à¶w³V ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$m àH$ma, Omo AZwXoeZ
(1) ‘yë¶m§H$Z {ZaÝVa MbZo dmbr à{H«$¶m h¡& Ho$ g‘¶ grIZo Ho$ {dH$mg ‘| {H$¶m OmVm h¡, H$hbmVm h¡-
(2) N>mÌm| Ho$ ì¶dhma gå~ÝYr gm‘J«r EH${ÌV H$aZo H$m gmYZ& (1) Z¡Xm{ZH$ ‘yë¶m§H$Z (2) ’$m°‘}{Q>d ‘yë¶m§H$Z
(3) {ejm Ho$ CÔoí¶m| go K{ZîR> gå~ÝY h¡& (3) ßbog‘oÝQ> ‘yë¶m§H$Z (4) g§H${bV ‘yë¶m§H$Z
(4) Cnamo³V g^r h¢&
77. {ZåZ ‘| go H$m¡Z gVV² Ed§ ì¶mnH$ ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$m ^mJ Zht hmo gH$Vm h¡?
70. {ejH$ Ho$ H$m¶© ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$m à‘wI AmYma h¡- (1) g§{MV A{^boI (2) XÎm H$m¶©
(1) narjm n[aUm‘ Ho$ AmYma na ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$aZm (3) A{^^mdH$-{ejH$ ~¡R>H$ (4) EZoH$S>m°Q>b [aH$m°S>©
(2) g‘mO Ûmam ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$aZm
(3) {ejH$ Ho$ ì¶p³VËd H$m ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$aZm 78. ¶moJmË‘H$ ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$m CÔoí¶ h¡-
(4) {dÚmb¶ Ho$ {dÚm{W©¶m| Ûmam ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$aZm (1) g‘¶ {deof Ed§ {d{^ÝZ H$m¶m] na EH$ {dÚmWu Zo {H$VZm AÀN>m
{Zînm{XV {H$¶m h¡, H$m nVm bJmZm&
71. {dÚmb¶ Ho$ {ZYm©[aV CÔoí¶m| H$s ny{V© H$s Om±M hoVw Amdí¶H$ h¡- (2) A{YJ‘ H$mo gwJ‘ ~ZmZm d J«oS> Z àXmZ H$aZm&
(1) ‘yë¶m§H$Z (3) Eogo {dÚmWu H$m nVm bJmZm, Omo AnZo gm{W¶m| Ho$ g‘H$j gåàm{ßV ‘|
(2) n¶©dojU H${R>ZmB© AZw^d H$a ahm h¡&
(3) {ejU (4) AJbr BH$mB© Ho$ AZwXoeZ go nyd© àJ{V H$m nVm bJmZm&
(4) Cn¶w©³V g^r
79. ~ÀMm| H$mo grIZo-{gImZo H$s à{H«$¶m Ho$ Xm¡amZ, do Cg H$m¶© H$mo {H$g
72. Odmha ¶moOZm {Ogo gaH$ma ~Iy~r Mbm ahr h¡, Ho$ à{V bmoJm| H$s àH$ma go H$a aho h¢, BgH$s OmZH$mar CÝh|-
‘Zmod¥{Îm Om±MZo H$m g~go CÎm‘ Ed§ d¡km{ZH$ VarH$m h¡- (1) H$m¶© g‘mßV hmoZo Ho$ níMmV² Xr OmZr Mm{hE&
(1) gmjmËH$ma (2) H$m¶© H$aVo g‘¶ gVV² ê$n go Xr OmZr Mm{hE&
(2) àíZmdbr (3) H$m¶© Ho$ ~rM ‘| EH$ ~ma Xr OmZr Mm{hE&
(3) à¶moJ (4) BgH$s H$moB© Amdí¶H$Vm Zht h¡&
(4) àojU
80. amîQ´>r¶ nmR²>¶M¶m© ê$naoIm, 2005 H$s g§ñVw{V¶m| Ho$ AZwgma H$jm 1
73. ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$mo ì¶mnH$ V^r ‘mZm Om gH$Vm h¡, O~- Ed§ H$jm 2 Ho$ {dÚm{W©¶m| H$o {bE ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$m VarH$m hmoZm Mm{hE-
(1) g^r AܶmnH$ ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$ao& (1) {b{IV narjU Ho$ AmYma na
(2) g^r CÔoí¶ ‘yë¶m§{H$V {H$E OmE& (2) ‘m¡{IH$ narjU H$o AmYma na
(3) ~ÀMm| Ho$ ì¶p³VËd Ho$ g^r njm| H$m ‘yë¶m§H$Z hmo& (3) {b{IV Ed§ ‘m¡{IH$ narjU Ho$ AmYma na
(4) gånyU© {df¶dñVw H$m ‘yë¶m§H$Z hmo& (4) àojU Ho$ AmYma na
74. ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$m CÔoí¶ h¡- 81. .......... Ho$ A{V[a³V {ZåZ{b{IV g^r grIZo Ho$ ê$n ‘| AmH$bZ
(1) ~mbH$m| H$mo Yr‘r J{V go grIZo dmbo Ed§ à{V^mímmbr ~mbH$m| Ho$ ê$n H$mo ~‹T>mdm XoVo h¢&
‘| bo~b H$aZm& (1) {ejm{W©¶m| H$mo AmÝV[aH$ n¥îR>nmofU boZo Ho$ {bE H$hZo
(2) {OZ ~mbH$m| H$mo CnMmamË‘H$ {ejm H$s Amdí¶H$Vm h¡, CZH$s nhMmZ (2) Adga boZo hoVw {ejm{W©¶m| Ho$ {bE EH$ gwa{jV dmVmdaU H$m {Z‘m©U
H$aZm& H$aZo
(3) A{YJ‘ H$s H${R>ZmB¶m| d g‘ñ¶m dmbo joÌm| H$m nVm bJmZm& (3) n‹T>mE JE {df¶ na ‘ZZ H$aZo Ho$ {bE {ejm{W©¶m| H$mo H$hZo
(4) CËnmXZ OrdZ OrZo Ho$ {bE {ejm {H$g gr‘m VH$ V¡¶ma H$a nmB© h¡, (4) {OVZr gå^mdZm hmo {ejm{W©¶m| H$m bJmVma narjU boZo
H$m nwpîQ>nmofU àXmZ H$aZm&
82. EH$ g‘mO d¡km{ZH$ hmoZo Ho$ ZmVo Amn Ad¡Y Am±H$‹S>m| Ho$ g§J«hU Ho$
75. ~ÀMm| H$m ‘yë¶m§H$Z hmoZm Mm{hE- {bE {ZåZm§{H$V ‘| go {H$go ‘hÎdnyU© g‘PVo h¢?
(1) ~moS>© narjm Ûmam (1) {g’©$ àíZmdbr H$mo
(2) gVV² Ed§ ì¶mnH$ ‘yë¶m§H$Z Ûmam (2) {g’©$ AZwgyMr H$mo
(3) J¥h narjm Ûmam (3) àíZmdbr d AZwgyMr XmoZm| H$mo
(4) {b{IV Ed§ ‘m¡{IH$ narjm Ûmam (4) BZ‘| go {H$gr H$mo Zht

69. 70. 71. 72. 73. 74. 75. 76. 77. 78. 79. 80. 81. 82.
(4) (1) (1) (2) (3) (4) (2) (2) (3) (1) (2) (4) (4) (3)
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&

n¥îR> 332 ‘yë¶m§H$Z àJʶ

¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
83. àíZmdbr H$s ‘w»¶ {deofVmAm| ‘| Omo ghr Zht h¡, dh h¡- Cnamo³V H$WZm| ‘| H$m¡Zgm/go H$WZ ghr h¡/h¢?
(1) àíZmdbr Ûmam JwUmË‘H$ VWm n[a‘mUmË‘H$ àXÎmm| H$m g§H$bZ {H$¶m (1) Ho$db 1 (2) Ho$db 2
OmVm h¡& (3) 1 Am¡a 2 (4) ¶o g^r
(2) àíZmdbr ‘| g‘w{MV {ZX}e hmoVo h¢&
(3) àíZm| H$s àH¥${V dñVw{ZîR> hmoVr h¡ Am¡a CZHo$ CÎma ^r dñVw{ZîR> hmoVo 88. ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$s d¡YVm go VmËn¶© h¡-
h¢& (1) ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$s d¡YVm h¡ {H$ dhr ‘mnZ H$ao, {OgHo$ {bE CgH$m {Z‘m©U
(4) àíZmdbr H$m àemgZ VWm {Z‘m©U AnojmH¥$V gab hmoVm h¡& hþAm h¡&
(2) ‘yë¶m§H$Z Hw$eb AܶmnH$m| Ûmam gånÝZ hþAm hmo&
84. gmjmËH$ma {Ogo Am§½b ^mfm ‘| BÝQ>aì¶y H$hVo h¢, BgH$s CËn{Îm EÝQ>a (3) ‘yë¶m§H$Z nyU©V… {Zînj Am¡a AmXe© n[apñW{V¶m| Ho$ AZwHy$b hmo&
hmB© eãX go hþB© h¡& EÝQ>ahmB© {H$g ^mfm H$m eãX h¡? (4) ~mbH$ H$m g‘J« ‘yë¶m§H$Z hmo&
(1) b¡{Q>Z ^mfm H$m (2) J«rH$ ^mfm H$m
(3) ’«¢$M ^mfm H$m (4) O‘©Z ^mfm H$m *******
AJa Amn B.Ed, D.Ed, BSTC ¶m {ejU AܶmnZ Ho$ joÌ ‘| n‹T>mB©
85. AZwgyMr Ho$ {df¶ ‘| ³¶m g˶ Zht h¡? H$a aho h¢ Vmo Amngo {ZdoXZ h¡ {H$ {ZåZ{b{IV Whatsapp No. AnZr
1. AZwgyMr g‘§H$ g§H$bZ hoVw ~hþbVm go à¶moJ hmoZo dmbm EH$ ‘mnH$ H$jm Ho$ ìhmQ²>gEn Jw«n ‘| Omo‹S>|& AJa AmnH$m ìhmQ²>gEn Jw«n Zht ~Zm hþAm
CnH$aU h¡& h¡ Vmo H¥$n¶m H$‘ go H$‘ 20 {dÚmWu {‘bH$a ìhmQ²>gEn Jw«n ~Zm b|&
2. gmYmaUV AZwgyMr H$s ny{V© g‘§H$$ g§H$bZ H$aZo dmbm ì¶p³V ñd¶§ REET - 94604 43210
H$aVm h¡& UPTET - 95301 43210
3. {d{^ÝZ àH$ma H$s gyMZmAm| H$mo àmßV H$aZo Ho$ {bE ¶h EH$ A{dídgZr¶ MP Samvida - 95302 43210
CnH$aU h¡& BTET - 95302 43210
(1) Ho$db 1 (2) Ho$db 2 UTET - 72209 29294
(3) Ho$db 3 (4) ¶o g^r JTET - 72209 29239
HTET - 72209 29266
86. {ZåZ{b{IV H$WZm| na {dMma H$s{OE- CGTET - 72209 28969
1. ‘yë¶m§H$Z Ho$db ‘yë¶ {ZYm©aU H$m Xÿgam Zm‘ Zht h¡, {dÚm{W©¶m| Ho$ HPTET - 72209 28535
grIZo Ho$ JwUmË‘H$ ñVa H$mo naIZm Ho$db EH$ {~ÝXþ h¡&
2. Aݶ {Zîn{Îm¶m± Bg ~mV H$s Amoa g§Ho$V H$aVr h¢ {H$ ‘yë¶m§H$Z ‘§o Hw$N> AmnHo$ ³bmg Ho$ ìhmQ²>gEn Jw«n ‘| {ejm g§~§Yr g^r à{V¶moJr narjm Ho$
AZno{jV ~mV| kmV hmo gH$Vr h¡& nong©, ‘m°S>b nong© Ed§ Aݶ Aܶ¶Z gm‘J«r ^oOr OmEJr& AmnH$m ewê$ go
Cnamo³V H$WZm| ‘| H$m¡Zgm/go H$WZ ghr h¡/h¢? ‘mJ©Xe©Z {H$¶m OmEJm, Vm{H$ Amn à{V¶moJr narjm ‘| A{VerK« g’$bVm
(1) Ho$db 1 àmá H$a gH|$&
(2) Ho$db 2
(3) 1 Am¡a 2 àJʶ àH$meZ Ûmam CTET Ed§ à˶oH$ amÁ¶ Ho$ TET (UPTET, MP
(4) Z Vmo 1 Am¡a Z hr 2 Samvida, BTET, UTET, JTET, HTET, CGTET, HPTET)
87. {ejm g§ñWmAm| Ho$ Ûmam {Z¶mo{OV {H$E OmZo dmbo {H$gr AÀN>o g§ñWmJV Ho$ {bE ‘m°S>b nona H$s ’«$s PDF àH$m{eV H$s OmVr h¡& ‘m°S>b nona H$s ’«$s
‘yë¶m§H$Z H$m¶©H«$‘ ‘| ³¶m {deofVmE± hmoZr Mm{hE? PDF àmá H$aZo Ho$ {bE {ZåZ{b{IV Whatsapp No. AnZo H$m°boO Ho$
1. Bgo gh^m{JVm Ho$ AmYma na {H$¶m OmZm Mm{hE& {H$gr ^r AÀN>o ³bmg J«wn ¶m H$moqMJ Ho$ ³bmg Jw«n ¶m Aݶ ñQ>S>r Jw«n ‘| Om|S>o& AmnHo$ J«wn ‘|
g§ñWmJV ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$m¶©H«$‘m| ‘| AܶmnH$m|, N>mÌm| d A{^^mdH$m| H$mo ‘m°S>b nona ^ooO {XE OmE±J|&
nyU© ghm¶Vm àmßV hmoVr h¡&
2. {ejm Ho$ ³¶m CÔoí¶ h¢ VWm CZH$s àm{ßV H$m JwU ¶m kmZ {H$g àH$ma REET - 94604 43210
UPTET - 95301 43210
go gå^d h¡, Bg ~mV na g‘w{MV T>§J go {dMma H$aZo Ho$ CnamÝV hr
MP Samvida - 95302 43210
g§ñWmJV ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$s ¶moOZm ~ZmZr Mm{hE& BTET - 95302 43210
3. g§ñWmJV ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$^r ^r gÝVw{bV Zht hmoZm Mm{hE& UTET - 72209 29294
4. ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$m¶©H«$‘ ~ZmVo g‘¶ Bg na AmZo dmbo IM© na A§Hw$e Zht JTET - 72209 29239
bJmZm Mm{hE, ³¶m|{H$ Bggo H$m¶© à^m{dV Zht hmoVm h¡& HTET - 72209 29266
CGTET - 72209 28969
83. 84. 85. 86. 87. 88.
HPTET - 72209 28535
(3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (1)
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
àJʶ CnbpãY narjU H$m {Z‘m©U n¥îR> 333

Aܶm¶ 17
CnbpãY narjU H$m {Z‘m©U
17.1 àñVmdZm
à˶oH$ ì¶p³V AnZo OrdZ ‘| AZoH$m| àH$ma H$m kmZ VWm H$m¡eb àmá H$aVm
h¡& Bg kmZ VWm H$m¡eb ‘| {H$VZr XjVm ì¶p³V Zo àmá H$s h¡, BgH$m nVm
Cg kmZ VWm H$m¡eb Ho$ CnbpãY narjU go hr MbVm h¡&
{dÚmb¶ H$s {d{^ÝZ H$jmAm| ‘| AZoH$m| àH$ma Ho$ N>mÌ, {ejm J«hU
H$aZo Ho$ {bE AmVo h¢& g‘mZ ‘mZ{gH$ ¶mo½¶VmAm| go gånÝZ Z hmoZo Ho$ H$maU
do g‘¶ H$s EH$ hr Ad{Y ‘| {d{^ÝZ {df¶m| VWm Hw$ebVmAm| ‘| {d{^ÝZ
gr‘mAm| VH$ àJ{V H$aVo h¢& CZH$s Bgr àJ{V, àm{á ¶m CnbpãY H$m ‘mnZ
¶m ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$aZo Ho$ {bE CnbpãY narjmAm| H$s ì¶dñWm H$s JB© h¡&
17.2 CnbpãY narjU H$m AW© Ed§ n[a^mfmE±
CnbpãY narjmE± do narjmE± h¢, {OZH$s ghm¶Vm go {dÚmb¶ ‘| n‹T>m¶o OmZo
dmbo {df¶m| Am¡a {gImB© OmZo dmbr Hw$ebVmAm| ‘| N>mÌm| H$s g’$bVm ¶m
CnbpãY H$m kmZ àmá {H$¶m OmVm h¡&
CnbpãY narjmAm| Ho$ AW© H$mo A{YH$ ñnîQ> H$aZo Ho$ {bE Hw$N>
n[a^mfmE± àñVwV h¢-
1. àogr, am°{~ÝgZ d hm°a³g Ho$ AZwgma-
CnbpãY narjmAm| H$m {Z‘m©U ‘w»¶ ê$n go N>mÌm| Ho$ grIZo Ho$ ñdê$n Am¡a gr‘m
H$m ‘mn H$aZo Ho$ {bE {H$¶m OmVm h¡&
2. J¡[agZ d Aݶ Ho$ AZwgma-
CnbpãY narjm, ~mbH$ H$s dV©‘mZ ¶mo½¶Vm ¶m {H$gr {d{eîQ> {df¶ Ho$ joÌ ‘|
CgHo$ kmZ H$s gr‘m H$m ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$aVr h¢&
3. Wm°Z©S>mBH$ d hoJZ Ho$ AZwgma-
O~ h‘ CnbpãY narjm H$m à¶moJ H$aVo h¢, V~ h‘ Bg ~mV H$m {ZíM¶ H$aZm
MmhVo h¢ {H$ EH$ {d{eîQ> àH$ma H$s {ejm àmá H$aZo Ho$ CnamÝV ì¶p³V Zo ³¶m
grIm h¡&
17.2.1 CnbpãY narjU H$s {deofVmE±
CnbpãY narjU, kmZ VWm H$m¡eb Ho$ ‘mnZ Ho$ {bE hmoVr h¡, Bg{b¶o
{dÚmb¶m| go BgH$m grYm gå~ÝY hmoVm h¡& BgH$s {deofVmE± {ZåZ{b{IV h¢-
1. CnbpãY narjU {X hþE kmZ VWm H$m¡eb H$m ‘mnZ H$aVm h¡&
2. CnbpãY narjU Ûmam kmZ VWm CnbpãY H$s bpãY kmV H$s
OmVr h¡&
3. CnbpãY narjU ‘| àíZm| H$s aMZm CnbpãY H$s ‘mÌm H$s JUZm
VWm ì¶p³V H$s àJ{V H$s ‘mÌm H$m ‘mnZ H$aZo Ho$ {bE H$s OmVr
h¡&
4. CnbpãY narjU go dV©‘mZ àJ{V H$m nVm MbVm h¡&
5. {df¶m| H$s {^ÝZVm Ho$ AZwgma AbJ-AbJ narjU ~Zm¶o OmVo h¢&
6. CnbpãY narjU ‘| A{O©V kmZ H$m ‘mnZ CgH$m gmܶ hmoVm h¡&
7. CnbpãY narjU, ì¶p³V H$s CnbpãY H$s j‘Vm H$m àXe©Z H$aVm h¡&
17.3 CnbpãY narjU H$m CÔoí¶
gmYmaUV… df© Ho$ AÝV ‘| {d{^ÝZ H$jmAm| Ho$ N>mÌm| Ho$ {bE CnbpãY
narjmAm| H$m Am¶moOZ {ZåZ{b{IV CÔoí¶m| H$s àm{á Ho$ {bE {H$¶m OmVm h¡-
1. ~mbH$m| H$s CnbpãY go gm‘mݶ ñVa H$mo {ZYm©[aV H$aZo Ho$ {bE
{H$¶m OmVm h¡&
2. ~mbH$m| H$mo n‹T>m¶o OmZo dmbo {dÚmb¶-{df¶m| ‘| CZH$r kmZ H$s
gr‘m H$m ‘mnZ H$aZo Ho$ {bE {H$¶m OmVm h¡&
3. ~mbH$m| H$s {d{^ÝZ {df¶m| VWm {H«$¶mAm| ‘| dmñV{dH$ pñW{V H$mo
kmV H$aZo Ho$ {bE {H$¶m OmVm h¡&
4. ~mbH$m| H$s n‹T>Zo-{bIZo Ho$ g‘mZ Hw$ebVmAm| ‘| J{V VWm
loîR>Vm H$mo {ZpíMV H$aZo Ho$ {bE {H$¶m OmVm h¡&
5. nmR²>¶H«$‘ Ho$ bú¶m| VWm CÔoí¶m| H$s àm{á H$s Am¡a ~mbH$m| H$s
àJ{V H$s OmZH$mar H$aZo Ho$ {bE {H$¶m OmVm h¡&
6. ~mbH$m| H$mo kmZ Ho$ {d{^ÝZ joÌm| ‘| {X¶o JE à{ejU Ho$ n[aUm‘m|
H$m ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$aZo Ho$ {bE {H$¶m OmVm h¡&
7. ~mbH$m| H$s A{YJ‘ gå~ÝYr H${R>ZmB¶m| H$mo kmV H$aZo VWm CZH$m
{ZdmaU H$aZo Ho$ {bE nmR²>¶H«$‘m| ‘| Amdí¶H$ n[adV©Z H$aZo Ho$
{bE {H$¶m OmVm h¡&
{ejH$ Ho$ {ejU VWm Aܶ¶Z H$s g’$bVm H$m AZw‘mZ bJmZo Ho$
{bE {H$¶m OmVm h¡&
17.4 CnbpãY narjU Ho$ àH$ma
S>Jbg Ed§ hm°b¡ÊS> Ho$ AZwgma CnbpãY narjU {ZåZ{b{IV àH$ma Ho$ hmoVo
h¢-
1. à‘m{nV narjU
2. {ejH$-{Z{‘©V narjU
3. ‘m¡{IH$ narjU
4. {Z~ÝYmË‘H$ narjU
5. dñVw{ZîR> narjU
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
n¥îR> 334 CnbpãY narjU H$m {Z‘m©U
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
BZ {d[^ÝZ àH$ma Ho$ narjUm| H$m {ddaU {ZåZ àH$ma àñVwV h¡-
17.5 à‘m{nV narjU
à‘m{nV narjU AmYw{ZH$ ¶wJ H$s EH$ XoZ h¡& BZHo$ AW© H$mo ñnîQ> H$aVo hþE
Wm°Z©S>mBH$ d hoJ‘ Zo H$hm h¡ {H$-
à‘m{nV narjU H$m A[^àm¶ Ho$db ¶h h¡ {H$ g~ N>mÌ g‘mZ {ZX}em| Am¡a g‘¶
H$s g‘mZ gr‘mAm| Ho$ AÝVJ©V g‘mZ àíZm| Am¡a AZoH$ àíZm| H$m CÎma XoVo h¢&
à‘m{nV narjUm| Ho$ Hw$N> CëboIZr¶ V϶ {ZåZ{b{IV h¢-
1. BZH$m {Z‘m©U EH$ {deofk ¶m {deofkm| Ho$ g‘yh Ûmam {H$¶m OmVm h¡&
2. BZH$m {Z‘m©U, narjU-{Z‘m©U Ho$ {ZpíMV {Z¶‘m| VWm {gÕmÝVm|
Ho$ AZwgma {H$¶m OmVm h¡&
3. BZH$m {Z‘m©U {d{^ÝZ H$jmAm| VWm {df¶m| Ho$ {bE {H$¶m OmVm h¡&
EH$ H$jm VWm EH$ {df¶ Ho$ {bE AZoH$ àH$ma Ho$ narjU hmoVo h¢&
4. {Og H$jm Ho$ {bE {OZ narjUm| H$m {Z‘m©U {H$¶m OmVm h¡, CZH$mo
{d{^ÝZ ñWmZm| na Cgr H$jm Ho$ g¡H$‹S>m|-hOmam| ~mbH$m| na à¶moJ
H$aHo$ {ZXm}f ~Zm¶m OmVm h¡ ¶m à‘m{nV {H$¶m OmVm h¡&
5. {Z‘m©U Ho$ g‘¶ Bg‘| àíZm| H$s g§»¶m ~hþV A{YH$ hmoVr h¡, bo{H$Z
{d{^ÝZ ñWmZm| na à¶moJ {H$E OmZo Ho$ ’$bñdê$n àmá hmoZo dmbo
AZw^dm| Ho$ AmYma na CZH$s g§»¶m ‘| H$m’$s H$‘r H$a Xr OmVr h¡&
6. BZ‘| {XE hþE àíZm| H$mo {ZpíMV {ZX}em§o Ho$ AZwgma {ZpíMV g‘¶
Ho$ AÝVJ©V H$aZm n‹S>Vm h¡& ‘yë¶m§H$Z ¶m A§H$ àXmZ H$aZo Ho$ {bE
^r {ZX}e hmoVo h¢&
7. BZH$m àH$meZ {H$gr g§ñWm ¶m ì¶mnm[aH$ ’$‘© Ho$ Ûmam {H$¶m
OmVm h¡& O¡go- ^maV ‘| goÝQ´>b BÝñQ>rQ²>¶yQ> Am°’$ EOyHo$eZ,
amîQ´>r¶ e¡j{UH$ Ed§ à{ejU n[afX², Om{‘¶m {‘{b¶m, Am°³g’$moS>©
¶y[Zd{g©Q>r àog B˶m{X Zo BZH$mo àH$m{eV {H$¶m h¡&
17.6 {ejH$-{Z{‘©V narjU
{ejH$-{Z{‘©V narjU, AmË‘{ZîR> VWm dñVw{ZîR> XmoZm| àH$ma Ho$ hmoVo h¢&
gm‘mݶ ê$n go {ejH$m| Ûmam g^r {df¶m| na narjUm| H$m {Z‘m©U {H$¶m OmVm h¡
VWm Hw$N> g‘¶ nyd© VH$ BZ narjUm| H$m ê$n AmË‘{ZîR> Wm& ^maV ‘| A~ ^r
Bgr àH$ma Ho$ narjUm| H$m àMbZ h¡, ¶Ú{n dñVw{ZîR> narjUm| Ho$ {Z‘m©U H$s
{Xem ‘| g{H«$¶ H$X‘ CR>m¶o Om aho h¢& g~ {ejH$m| ‘| narjUm§o Ho$ {bE àíZm|
H$m {Z‘m©U H$aZo H$s g‘mZ ¶mo½¶Vm Zht hmoVr h¡& AV… EH$ hr {df¶ na Xmo
àJʶ
{ejH$m| Ûmam {Z{‘©V àíZm| Ho$ ñVam| ‘| AÝVa hmo gH$Vm h¡& Bgr{bE, {ejH$-
{Z{‘©V narjUm| H$mo {dídgZr¶ Zht ‘mZm OmVm h¡& Eo{bg Zo H$hm h¡ {H$-
{ejH$-{Z{‘©V narjUm| ‘| ~hþYm H$‘ {dídgZr¶Vm hmoVr h¡&
à‘m{nV Ed§ {ejH$-{Z{‘©V narjU H$s VwbZm
Wm°Z©S>mBH$ Ed§ hoJZ Zo à‘m{nV narjU H$mo {ejH$-{Z{‘©V narjU go loîR>Va
{gÕ H$aZo Ho$ {bE {ZåZ{b{IV V϶ àñVwV {H$E h¢-
1. à‘m{nV narjU H$mo gånyU© Xoe Ho$ {H$gr ^r {dÚmb¶ H$s {H$gr
^r H$jm Ho$ {bE à¶moJ {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡, bo{H$Z {ejH$-{Z{‘©V
narjU H$mo Ho$db Cgr {dÚmb¶ H$s {H$gr {deof H$jm Ho$ {bE
à¶moJ {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡&
2. à‘m{nV narjU H$m {Z‘m©U {H$gr {deofk ¶m {deofkm| Ho$ g‘yh
Ho$ Ûmam {H$¶m OmVm h¡, bo{H$Z {ejH$-{Z{‘©V narjU H$m {Z‘m©U
AܶmnH$ Ho$ Ûmam AHo$bo VWm {H$gr H$s ghm¶Vm Ho$ {~Zm {H$¶m
OmVm h¡&
3. à‘m{nV narjU ‘| à¶moJ H$s OmZ| dmbr narjm-gm‘J«r H$m ì¶mnH$
ê$n ‘| nhbo hr narjU H$a {b¶m OmVm h¡, bo{H$Z {ejH$-{Z{‘©V
narjU ‘| Bg àH$ma H$m H$moB© narjU Zht {H$¶m OmVm h¡&
4. à‘m{nV narjU ‘| ~hþV Hw$N> {dídgZr¶Vm hmoVr h¡, bo{H$Z
[ejH$-{Z{‘©V narjU ‘| H$‘ {dídgZr¶Vm hmoVr h¡& Bg gå~ÝY
‘| Wm°Z©S>mBH$ d hoJZ H$s gbmh h¡ {H$-
à‘m{nV narjUm| H$m hr {dídmg {H$¶m OmZm Mm{hE&
Hw$N> boIH$m| Zo à‘m{nV narjU H$mo {ejH$-{Z{‘©V narjU go {ZåZVa
{gÕ H$aZo Ho$ {bE {ZåZ{b{IV H$maU àñVwV {H$E h¢, Omo {ZåZ{b{IV h¢-
1. à‘m{nV narjU Ho$ {Z‘m©U Ho$ {bE ~hþV g‘¶ VWm YZ H$s
Amdí¶H$Vm hmoVr h¡, bo{H$Z {ejH$-{Z{‘©V narjU Ho$ {bE A{V
Aën g‘¶ VWm YZ H$m’$s h¡&
2. à‘m{nV narjU Bg ~mV H$m ‘yë¶m§H$Z Zht H$a gH$Vm h¡ {H$ H$jm
‘| ³¶m n‹T>m¶m Om gH$Vm Wm? ³¶m n‹T>m¶m OmZm Mm{hE Wm?
bo{H$Z {ejH$-{Z{‘©V narjU BZ XmoZm| ~mVm| H$m ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$a
gH$Vm h¡&
3. à‘m{nV narjU, {ejH$ Ho$ e¡{jH$ bú¶m§o H$m AZw‘mZ bJmZo ‘|
Ag’$b ahVm h¡, bo{H$Z {ejH$-{Z{‘©V narjU BZ bú¶m| H$m
‘mnZ H$a gH$Vm h¡&
4. à‘m{nV narjU, AܶmnH$ H$s e¡{jH$ g’$bVm VWm N>mÌm| H$s
dmñV{dH$ àJ{V H$m ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$aZo ‘| g’$b Zht hmoVm h¡, bo{H$Z
{ejU-{Z{‘©V narjU XoVo h¢&
AV… Cnamo³V H$maUm| Ho$ ’$bñdê$n AZoH$ boIH$ à‘m{nV narjU H$mo
{ejH$-{Z{‘©V narjU go {ZåZVa ñWmZ XoVo h¢&
AmO {OZ n[apñW{V¶m| ‘| h‘mao {dÚmb¶ H$m¶© H$a aho h¢, CZ na
{dMma H$aHo$ Vmo ¶hr H$hZm C{MV OmZ n‹S>Vm h¡ {H$ {ejH$-{Z{‘©V narjUm|
H$m à¶moJ hr A{YH$ bm^Xm¶H$ h¡& à‘m{nV narjUm| Ho$ à¶moJ ‘| VrZ {deof
Amn[Îm¶m± h¢-
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
àJʶ CnbpãY narjU H$m {Z‘m©U
1. CZH$mo H$m’$s YZ 춶 H$aHo$ hr à¶moJ {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡, bo{H$Z
YZ 춶 H$aZo na ^r ¶h Amdí¶H$ Zht h¡ {H$ do C{MV g‘¶ na
CnbãY hmo OmE&
2. {dÚmb¶ VWm N>mÌm| H$s ñWmZr¶ Amdí¶H$VmAm| H$mo Ho$db {ejH$-
{Z{‘©V narjU hr nyam H$a gH$Vo h¢, bo{H$Z à‘m{nV narjU Zht&
3. à‘m{nV narjU H$m ^bo hr gdm}Îm‘ {d{Y go {Z‘m©U {H$¶m J¶m hmo,
na ¶h Amdí¶H$ Zht h¡ {H$ Cg‘| EH$ {deof AܶmnH$ ¶m EH$
{deof {dÚmb¶ Ho$ g^r ‘hÎdnyU© bú¶m§o H$m g‘mdoe hmo&
17.7 ‘m¡{IH$ narjU
EH$ g‘¶ Eogm Wm, O~ {dÚmb¶m§o VWm CÀM {ejm-g§ñWmAm| ‘| ‘m¡{IH$
narjmAm| H$s àYmZVm Wr, bo{H$Z AmYw{ZH$ ¶wJ ‘| {b{IV narjmAm| H$m
àMbZ hmoZo Ho$ H$maU BZH$m ‘hÎd ~hþV H$‘ hmo J¶m h¡& [’$a ^r, àmW{‘H$
H$jmAm| VWm CÀM H$jmAm| ‘| {dkmZ Ho$ {df¶m| H$s à¶moJmË‘H$ narjmAm| Ed§
dm¶dm Ho$ ê$n ‘| A~ ^r BZH$m ApñVËd eof h¡& ‘m¡{IH$ narjm H$m ‘yë¶m§H$Z
H$aVo hþE amB©Q>ñQ>moZ Zo H$hm h¡ {H$ ‘m¡{IH$ narjm {H$VZr ^r AÀN>r ³¶m| Z
hmo, na N>mÌm| H$mo A§H$ àXmZ H$aZo Ho$ {bE EH$ {ZåZ gmYZ h¡& BgH$m ‘hÎd
Ho$db {ZXmZmË‘H$ gmYZ Ho$ ê$n ‘§o Am¡a CZ n[apñW{V¶m| ‘| h¡, {OZ‘| {b{IV
narjmAm| H$m à¶moJ Zht {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡&
17.8 {Z~ÝYmË‘H$ narjU
{Z~ÝYmË‘H$ narjU, gdm©{YH$ àM{bV CnbpãY narjU h¢& BÝh| {ejH$
~ZmVm h¡& BZ‘§o àíZm| H$m CÎma {Z~ÝY Ho$ ê$n ‘| XoZm n‹S>Vm h¡, Bgr{bE BZH$mo
{Z~ÝYmË‘H$ narjU H$hm J¶m h¢& h‘mao Xoe ‘| ‘mÌ {Z~ÝYmË‘H$ narjm H$m hr
àMbZ h¡& Bg narjm-àUmbr ‘| N>mÌm| H$mo Hw$N> àíZ Xo {X¶o OmVo h¢, {OZHo$
CÎma CZH$mo {ZYm©[aV g‘¶ ‘| {bIZo n‹S>Vo h¢&
17.8.1 {Z~ÝYmË‘H$ narjU Ho$ JwU ¶m {deofVmE±
{Z~ÝYmË‘H$ narjm àUmbr ‘| CÎm‘ JwUm| H$m BVZr ~hþVm¶V h¡ {H$ dfm] ì¶VrV
hmo OmZo na ^r BgH$s bmoH${à¶Vm ‘| H$moB© {deof ݶyZVm {XImB© Zht n‹S>Vr h¡&
Bg àUmbr Ho$ CëboIZr¶ JwU {ZåZ{b{IV h¡-
1. ¶h g~ {df¶m| Ho$ {bE Cn¶moJr h¡
¶h àUmbr {dÚmb¶ Ho$ g~ {df¶m| Ho$ {bE Cn¶moJr h¡& Bg Vah Ho$ EH$ ^r
{df¶ H$m g§Ho$V Zht {X¶m Om gH$Vm h¡, {OgHo$ {bE Bg àUmbr H$m bm^àX
T>§J go à¶moJ Zht {H$¶m Om gHo$&
2. Bg‘| CÎma Ed§ ^md àH$meZ H$s ñdVÝÌVm h¡
¶h àUmbr ~mbH$m| H$mo àíZm| Ho$ CÎma XoZo VWm CZHo$ gå~ÝY ‘| AnZo ^mdm|
H$m àH$meZ H$aZo H$s nyar ñdVÝÌVm àXmZ H$aVr h¡& BZ XmoZm| ~mVm| ‘| CZHo$
D$na {H$gr àH$ma H$m à{V~ÝY Zht hmoVm h¡&
3. ¶h {ejH$ H$s gwJ‘Vm àXmZ H$aVr h¡
¶h àUmbr {ejH$ Ho$ {bE A˶{YH$ gwJ‘ hmoVr h¡, ³¶m|{H$ dh àíZm| H$s aMZm
n¥îR> 335
Wmo‹S>o hr g‘¶ ‘| VWm {~Zm {H$gr {deof à¶mg Ho$ H$a gH$Vm h¡& Amdí¶H$Vm
n‹S>Zo na dh CZH$mo ~mob gH$Vm h¡ ¶m í¶m‘nÅ> na {bI ^r gH$Vm h¡&
4. ¶h ~mbH$m| H$mo gwJ‘Vm àXmZ H$aVr h¡
¶h àUmbr ~mbH$m| Ho$ {bE ^r gwJ‘ hmoVr h¡, ³¶m|{H$ Bg‘| Eogo H$moB© {deof
{ZX}e Zhr§ hmoVo h¢, {OZH$mo g‘PZo ‘| CZH$mo {H$gr ^r àH$ma H$s H${R>ZmB©
H$m AZw^d hmo&
5. ¶h ~mbH$m| Ho$ V϶mË‘H$ kmZ H$s narjm H$aVr h¡
Bg àUmbr H$m à¶moJ H$aHo$ ~mbH$m| Ho$ V϶mË‘H$ kmZ H$s ~hþV A{YH$
gabVm go narjm br Om gH$Vr h¡&
6. ¶h ~mbH$mo§ H$s {d{^ÝZ ¶mo½¶VmAm| H$s narjm H$aVr h¡
Bg narjm H$m à¶moJ H$aHo$ ~mbH$m| H$s bJ^J g^r àH$ma H$s ¶mo½¶VmAm| H$s
narjm br Om gH$Vr h¡, O¡go- {dMma-g§JR>Z, {ddoMZ VWm A{^ì¶p³V,
gå~ÝY qMVZ Ed§ Vm{H©$H$ boIZ B˶m{X&
7. ¶h ~mbH$m| H$s àJ{V H$m dmñV{dH$ kmZ H$amVr h¡
¶h àUmbr, {ejH$ H$mo ~mbH$m| H$s àJ{V H$m dmñV{dH$ kmZ àXmZ H$aVr h¡&
dh CZHo$ CÎmam| H$mo n‹T>H$a CZgo gå~{ÝYV {df¶m| ‘| CnbpãY¶m| H$m ghr
kmZ àmá H$a boVm h¡&
17.8.2 {Z~ÝYmË‘H$ narjÊm Ho$ Xmof
AmYw{ZH$ {ejm ‘Zmo{dkmZ Zo {Z~ÝYmË‘H$ narjm àUmbr Ho$ AZoH$ Xmofm| na
àH$me S>mbH$a, CgH$s AZwn¶w³VVm à‘m{UV H$aZo H$m à¶mg {H$¶m h¡& BZ‘|
go ‘w»¶ Xmof {ZåZ{b{IV h¢-
1. Bg‘| A§H$m| ‘| {d{dYVm hmoVr h¡
Bg àUmbr ‘| àXmZ {H$E OmZo dmbo A§H$m| ‘| {d{dYVm nmB© OmVr h¡& Bg
gå~ÝY ‘| AZoH$m| Aܶ¶Z {H$E JE h¢& CXmhaUmW©, ñQ>mM© Ed§ B{b¶Q> Zo
~Vm¶m h¡ {H$ O~ 142 {ejH$m| Ûmam A§J«oOr H$s CÎma-nwpñVH$mAm| H$s Om±M
H$s JB©, Vmo CZHo$ Ûmam àXmZ {H$E JE A§H$ 50 Am¡a 95 Ho$ ~rM ‘| hr Wo&
2. Bg‘| {dídgZr¶Vm H$m A^md hmoVm h¡
Bg àUmbr ‘| Omo A§H$ àXmZ {H$E OmVo h¢, CZ na {dídmg Zht {H$¶m Om gH$Vm
h¡& BgH$m H$maU ¶h h¡ {H$ AJa EH$ N>mÌ H$s EH$ hr CÎma-nwpñVH$m H$mo Xmo
narjH$ Om±MVo h¢, ¶m EH$ hr {ejH$ Hw$N> g‘¶ ì¶VrV hmoZo Ho$ ~mX Om±MVm h¡,
Vmo A§H$m| ‘| AÝVa {‘bVm h¡& narjm H$mo {dídgZr¶ V^r H$hm Om gH$Vm h¡, O~
N>mÌ H$mo AnZo CÎmam| Ho$ {bE h‘oem g‘mZ A§H$ àmá hmo& {Z~ÝYmË‘H$ narjm-
àUmbr H$mo Bg ÑpîQ>H$moU go {dídgZr¶ Zht H$hm Om gH$Vm h¡&
3. ¶h gr{‘V à{V{Z{YËd H$aVr h¡
Bg àUmbr H$m g~go {චXmof ¶h h¡ {H$ dh {df¶ H$m gr{‘V à{V{Z{YËd
H$aVr h¡& BgH$m AW© ¶h h¡ {H$ Bg‘| gånyU© {df¶ go gå~{ÝYV àíZ Zht nyN>o
OmVo h¢& {df¶ Ho$ AZoH$ ^mJ hmoVo h¢, {Og na EH$ ^r àíZ Zht nyN>m OmVm h¡&
àUmbr H$s Bg {Z~©bVm go bm^ CR>mH$a N>mÌ Wmo‹S>o go àíZm| H$m MwZmd H$aHo$
aQ> boVo h¢& Bg {Z~©bVm H$m ‘w»¶ H$maU h¡- àíZm| H$s gr{‘V gr‘m& nm±M ¶m
Xg àíZ gånyU© {df¶ H$m à{V{Z{YËd Zht H$a gH$Vo h¢&
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
n¥îR> 336 CnbpãY narjU H$m {Z‘m©U
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
4. d¡YVm H$m A^md hmoVm h¡
Bg àUmbr ‘| d¡YVm H$m ñnîQ> A^md hmoVm h¡& d¡YVm H$m AW© h¡ {H$ narjm CZ
JwUm|, V϶m| VWm Hw$ebVmAm| H$s Om±M H$ao, {OgH$s Om±M H$aZm CgH$m ܶo¶
hmoVm h¡& AZoH$ Aܶ¶Zm| Ûmam ¶h {gÕ {H$¶m J¶m h¡ {H$ {Z~ÝYmË‘H$ narjm
dmñVd ‘| {df¶ Ho$ kmZ H$s Om±M Z H$aHo$, ~mbH$m| H$s ^mfm, boIZ-ep³V
B˶m{X H$s Om±M H$aVr h¡&
5. Bg‘| ^{dî¶dmUr H$m A^md hmoVm h¡
Bg àUmbr Ho$ n[aUm‘m| Ho$ AmYma na N>mÌm| Ho$ ^{dî¶ Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘| {H$gr
àH$ma H$m {ZpíMV {ZU©¶ Zht {X¶m Om gH$Vm h¡& BgH$m H$maU ¶h h¡ {H$
A§H$m§o H$s àm{á aQ>Zo H$s ep³V, boIZ-ep³V, A{^춧OZm, gwboI, Cn¶w³V
^mfm Ed§ g§¶moJ na {Z^©a ahVr h¡&
6. Bg‘| AmË‘{ZîR>Vm hmoVr h¡
Bg àUmbr ‘| AmË‘{ZîR>Vm H$s àYmZVm nmB© OmVr h¡, O~{H$ AÀN>o narjU
‘| dñVw{ZîR>Vm H$m hmoZm Amdí¶H$ hmoVm h¡& Bg‘| CÎmam| Ho$ A§H$Z ‘| narjH$
Ho$ {dMmam|, YmaUmAm|, ‘mZ{gH$ ñVa, ‘ZmoXem, A{^d¥[Îm¶m± B˶m{X H$m ~hþV
à^md n‹S>Vm h¡& Bg‘| CÎma-nwpñVH$mAm| Ho$ A§H$Z Ho$ {bE dñVw{ZîR> narjmAm|
Ho$ g‘mZ H$moB© CÎma-Vm{bH$m Zht hmoVr h¡, {OgH$mo AmYma ~ZmH$a g^r
narjH$, CÎma-nwpñVH$mAm| H$m A§H$Z H$a gH|$& Hw$N> narjH$ göX¶ hmoZo
Ho$ H$maU A{YH$ A§H$ àXmZ H$aVo h¢, Hw$N> H$R>moa hmoZo Ho$ H$maU H$‘, Hw$N>
Ambgr VWm bmnadmh hmoZo Ho$ H$maU CÎmam| H$mo n‹T>Vo hr Zht h¢, ~pëH$
Aì¶dpñW{V T>§J go A§H$ àXmZ H$aVo h¢& BZ g~ H$maUm| Ho$ ’$bñdê$n Bg
àUmbr ‘| AmË‘{ZîR>m H$s ‘mÌm A{YH$ {‘bVr h¡&
7. Bg‘| A§H$Z ‘| A{YH$ g‘¶ bJVm h¡
Bg àUmbr ‘| N>mÌm| Ûmam {XE OmZo dmbo CÎma H$m’$s bå~o hmoVo h¢& CZH$mo
AmÚmonmÝV n‹T>H$a hr CZH$m C{MV T>§J go ‘yë¶m§H$Z {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡&
BgHo$ {bE Z Ho$db A{YH$ g‘¶ daZ² A{YH$ ep³V H$s ^r Amdí¶H$Vm h¡&
ñQ>mbZH$a Zo H$hm h¡ {H$-
^br àH$ma {bIo JE {Z~ÝYmË‘H$ àíZ H$m R>rH$ ‘yë¶m§H$Z XrK©H$mbrZ Am¡a
H${R>Z H$m¶© h¡ Am¡a Bgo C{MV àH$ma go H$aZo Ho$ {bE ~w{Õ, n[al‘ Am¡a Y¡¶© H$s
Amdí¶H$Vm h¡&
{Z~ÝYmË‘H$ narjm-àUmbr Ho$ JwU ^r h¢ VWm Xmof ^r& BZ na gå¶H²$
ÑpîQ> go {dMma H$aHo$ h‘ ¶hr H$h gH$Vo h¢ {H$ BZH$s CnmXo¶Vm H$mo MwZm¡Vr
Zht Xr Om gH$Vr h¡& Bg gå~ÝY ‘| Eo{bg Zo H$hm h¡ {H$-
{Z~ÝYmË‘H$ narjmE±, N>mÌm| H$mo ‘m¡{bH$Vm H$m Adga XoVr h¢ Am¡a CZH$s VH©$-
ep³V H$s Om±M H$aZo Ho$ {bE dñVw{ZîR> narjmAm| H$s Anojm BZH$m à¶moJ gmYmaUV…
A{YH$ gab h¡&
17.8.3 {Z~ÝYmË‘H$ narjU ‘| gwYma Ho$ {bE gwPmd
{Z~ÝYmË‘H$ narjU ì¶p³V H$s ñ‘¥{V, VH©$, {MÝVZ VWm H$ënZm ep³V H$m
‘mnZ H$aVo h¢& ¶o AmO Ho$ g‘¶ H$s ~‹S>r Amdí¶H$Vm h¡& BZ narjU Ho$ Xmofm|
H$mo {ZåZ{b{IV àH$ma go Xÿa {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡-
àJʶ
1. àíZ aMZm
{Z~ÝYmË‘H$ narjU H$m g~go ~‹S>m Xmof ¶h h¡ {H$ Bg‘| àíZ àm¶… CÔoí¶
AmYm[aV Zht ~Z nmVo h¢, ³¶m|{H$ ³¶m, H$~, H$hm± Am¡a H¡$go H$s gå^mdZmAm|
H$m {ZamH$aU ImoOVr h¢& Bg‘| CÔoí¶ Ho$ AZwgma àíZ aMZm H$s OmZr Mm{hE&
nmR²>¶H«$‘ H$m ܶmZ aIZm Mm{hE& àíZm| H$s g§»¶m A{YH$ hmo VWm CgH$m
ñdê$n ^r ~XbZm Amdí¶H$ hmoVm h¡& àíZ N>moQ>o VWm dñVwnaH$ àH¥${V Ho$ hmo
VWm g^r àíZm| H$m CÎma XoZm A{Zdm¶© hmo&
2. ‘yë¶m§H$Z à{H«$¶m
‘yë¶m§H$Z à{H«$¶m Bg Vah hmo, {Og‘| {H$gr Vah H$m nydm©J«h Z hmo& CÎma
g§{já VWm gQ>rH$ hmo& AÀN>o ~wao CÎmam| H$m ‘mnXÊS> {ZYm©[aV H$a {b¶m
OmE VWm nm±M lo{U¶m| ‘| ‘yë¶m§H$Z ‘mnXÊS> ~Zm¶m OmE& N>mÌ H$m Zm‘ CÎma
nwpñVH$m ‘| Zht hmo& d¡go Vmo AmOH$b, {‘{lV àUmbr A{YH$ Cn¶moJ ‘| bmB©
Om ahr h¡&
17.9 dñVw{ZîR> narjU
dñVw{ZîR> narjUm| H$m {dH$mg H$aZo H$m gamhZr¶ H$m¶© Oo. E‘. amBg H$m h¡&
CgZo BZ narjUm| H$s aMZm, à¶moJ Am¡a A§H$Z B˶m{X Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘| AZoH$m|
‘m¡{bH$ H$m¶© {H$E h¢& CgHo$ H$m¶m] go àmoËgm{hV hmoH$a ñQ>mM© d B{b¶Q>
Zo AZoH$ Aܶ¶Z H$aHo$ BZ narjUm| H$s Cn¶mo{JVm H$mo {gÕ {H$¶m h¡&
’$bñdê$n BZHo$ à¶moJ na A{YH$m{YH$ ~b {X¶m OmZo bJm h¡&
dñVw{ZîR> narjm, dh narjm h¡, {OZ‘| {d{^ÝZ narjH$ ñdVÝÌmnyd©H$
H$m¶© H$aZo Ho$ ~mX A§H$m| Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘| EH$ hr {ZîH$f© na nhþ±MVo h¢ ¶m g‘mZ
CÎmam| Ho$ {bE g‘mZ A§H$ àXmZ H$aVo h¢& JwS> H$m H$hZm h¡ {H$-
dñVw{ZîR> narjm gmYmaUV… g˶-Ag˶ CÎma, ~hþg§»¶H$ MwZmd, {‘bmZ ¶m
nyaH$ àH$ma Ho$ àíZm| na AmYm[aV hmoVr h¡, {OgHo$ ghr CÎmam| H$m Vm{bH$m H$s
ghm¶Vm go A§H$Z {H$¶m OmVm h¡& ¶{X H$moB© Vm{bH$m Ho$ {dnarV hmoVm h¡, Omo Cgo
JbV ‘mZm OmVm h¡&
17.9.1 dñVw{ZîR> narjUm| Ho$ àH$ma
dñVw{ZîR> narjUm| Ho$ ‘w»¶ àH$ma {ZåZ{b{IV h¢-
1. gab nwZ… ñ‘aU Q>oñQ>
Bg Q>oñQ> Ho$ AÝVJ©V narjmWu H$mo àíZm| Ho$ CÎma ñd¶§ ñ‘aU H$aHo$ {bIZo
n‹S>Vo h¢& O¡go-
{ZX}e- {ZåZ{b{IV àíZm| Ho$ CÎma CZHo$ g‘j {XE hþE H$moîR>H$m|
‘| {b{IE-
1. ^maV H$~ ñdVÝÌ hþAm? (..........)
2. CÎma àXoe Ho$ amÁ¶nmb H$m¡Z h¢? (..........)
3. ^maV Ho$ àW‘ amîQ´>n{V H$m¡Z Wo? (..........)
4. am‘m¶U H$s aMZm {H$gZo H$s Wr? (..........)
2. g˶-Ag˶ Q>oñQ>
Bg Q>oñQ> Ho$ AÝVJ©V narjmWu H$mo g˶ ¶m Ag˶ ‘| CÎma XoZo n‹S>Vo h¢& O¡go-
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
àJʶ CnbpãY narjU H$m {Z‘m©U n¥îR> 337

{ZX}e- {ZåZ{b{IV H$WZ AJa ghr hmo, Vmo g˶ VWm JbV hmo, 2. Bg‘| dñVw{ZîR>Vm hmoVr h¡
Vmo Ag˶ H$mo aoIm§{H$V H$s{OE- Bg àUmbr ‘| dñVw{ZîR>Vm BVZr A{YH$ hmoVr h¡ {H$ A§H$ àXmZ H$aZo Ho$ g‘¶
1. {edmOr H$m OÝ‘ 1605 ‘| hþAm Wm& g˶/Ag˶ narjH$ Ho$ ì¶p³VJV {ZU©¶, {dMma, YmaUm, ‘mZ{gH$ ñVa, ‘ZmoXem B˶m{X
2. Jm±Yr Or H$s ‘¥Ë¶w ~å~B© ‘| hþB© Wr& g˶/Ag˶ Ho$ {bE H$moB© ñWmZ Zht ah OmVm h¡&
3. A‘o[aH$m H$s ImoO H$mobå~g Zo H$s Wr& g˶/Ag˶
3. Bg‘| {dídgZr¶Vm hmoVr h¡
4. H$m‘m¶Zr Ho aM{¶Vm O¶e§H$a àgmX Wo& g˶/Ag˶
Bg àUmbr ‘| {dídgZr¶Vm AnZr Ma‘ gr‘m na nmB© OmVr h¡& BgH$m H$maU
3. ~hþg§»¶H$ MwZmd Q>oñQ ¶h h¡ {H$ Mmho H$moB© ^r ì¶p³V A§H$ àXmZ H$ao, CZ‘| {H$gr ^r àH$ma H$m
Bg Q>oñQ> Ho$ AÝVJ©V narjmWu H$mo {XE hþE AZoH$ CÎmam| ‘| go ghr CÎma H$m AÝVa Zht hmoVm h¡&
MwZmd H$aZm n‹S>Vm h¡& O¡go-
4. Bg‘| {d^oXrH$aU hmoVm h¡
{ZX}e- {ZåZ{b{IV H$WZm| Ho$ AZoH$ CÎma {X¶o hþE h¢, {OZ‘| EH$
Bg àUmbr H$s EH$ ‘w»¶ {deofVm h¡-BgH$s {d^oXrH$aU H$aZo H$s j‘Vm&
ghr h¡& ghr CÎma H$mo aoIm§{H$V H$s{OE-
BgH$m AW© ¶h h¡ {H$ à{V^membr VWm ‘ÝX~w{Õ N>mÌm| Ho$ ^oX H$mo ñnîQ> H$a
1. n§Om~ H$s amOYmZr ({Xëbr/bIZD$/M§S>rJ‹T>/O¶nwa) h¡&
XoVr h¡&
2. AH$~a Zo (B©gmB© Y‘©/XrZBbmhr/~m¡Õ Y‘©/O¡Z Y‘©) Mbm¶m Wm&
3. ‘hmË‘m Jm±Yr H$s ‘¥Ë¶w (1952/1947/1948/1950) ‘| hþB© 5. Bg‘| {dñV¥V à{V{Z{YËd hmoVm h¡
Wr& Bg àUmbr ‘| à˶oH$ àíZ-nÌ ‘| àíZm| H$s g§»¶m BVZr A{YH$ hmoVr h¡ {H$
4. ^maV ‘| àYmZ‘§Ìr Ho$ nX na (lr amOrd Jm±Yr/lr ‘Z‘mohZ qgh/ {df¶ H$m H$moB© ^r A§H$ ANy>Vm Zht ah OmVm h¡& Bg Vah ¶h àUmbr {df¶
lr ZaoÝÐ ‘moXr) gwemo{^V h¢& H$m {dñV¥V à{V{Z{YËd H$aVr h¢
4. {‘bmZ Q>oñQ> 6. Bg‘| YZ H$s ~MV hmoVr h¡
Bg Q>oñQ> Ho$ AÝVJ©V narjmWu H$mo Xmo nXm| ‘| {‘bmZ H$aHo$ H$moîR>H$ ‘| ghr Bg àUmbr ‘| BVZm H$‘ {bIZm n‹S>Vm h¡ {H$ gmYmaUV¶m Xmo-VrZ n¥îR>m| H$s
nX {bIZm n‹S>Vm h¡& CÎma-nwpñVH$mE± H$m’$s hmoVr h¢& AV… Bg àUmbr H$m à¶moJ H$aZo go YZ H$s
{ZX}e- ZrMo Hw$N> KQ>ZmE± Xr hþB© h¢& CZHo$ gm‘Zo Aì¶dpñWV ê$n ~MV hmoVr h¡&
go CZgo gå~{ÝYV {V{W¶m± Xr hþB© h¢& à˶oH$ H$moîR>H$ ‘| ghr {V{W {b{IE-
7. Bg‘| g‘¶ H$s ~MV hmoVr h¡
1. nmZrnV H$m àW‘ ¶wÕ 1784 B©. (..........)
Bg àUmbr ‘| N>mÌ H$‘ g‘¶ ‘| ~hþV go àíZm| H$m CÎma XoVo h¢& narjH$m| H$mo
2. amUm àVmn H$s ‘¥Ë¶w 1627 B©. (..........)
^r CÎma nwpñVH$mAm| H$mo Om±MZo ‘| H$‘ g‘¶ bJVm h¡& Bg Vah N>mÌm| VWm
3. {edmOr H$m OÝ‘ 1597 B©. (..........)
narjH$m|-XmoZm| Ho$ g‘¶ H$s ~MV hmoVr h¡&
4. {nQ> H$m BpÊS>¶m {~b 1526 B©. (..........)
8. Bg‘| EH$ g§{já CÎma XoZm n‹S>Vm h¡
5. nyaH$ Q>oñQ>
Bg àUmbr ‘| EH$ àíZ H$m Ho$db EH$ hr g§{já CÎma hmo gH$Vm h¡& AV…
Bg Q>oñQ> Ho$ AÝVJ©V narjmWu H$mo dm³¶m| ‘| [a³V ñWmZm| H$s ny{V© H$aZr
N>mÌm| H$mo AnZo CÎmam| Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘| {H$gr àH$ma H$m ^«‘ Zht ah gH$Vm h¡&
n‹S>Vr h¡& O¡go-
{ZX}e- {ZåZ{b{IV dm³¶m| ‘| [a³V ñWmZm| H$s ny{V© H$s{OE- 9. Bg‘| CÎma H$s gabVm hmoVr h¡
1. ^maV Ho$ CnamîQ´>n{V ........................... h¢& Bg àUmbr ‘| CÎma XoZm ~hþV hr AmgmZ hmoVm h¡& BgH$m H$maU ¶h h¡ {H$
2. CÎma àXoe H$s amOYmZr ........................... h¡& N>mÌ hm± ¶m Zht {bIH$a g˶ ¶m Ag˶ ‘| go EH$ na {ZemZ bJmH$a, EH$
3. {ÛVr¶ {díd¶wÕ ........... B©. ‘| hþAm Wm& ¶m Xmo eãXm| H$mo aoIm§{H$V H$aHo$ VWm Bgr àH$ma Ho$ Aݶ gab H$m¶© H$aHo$
4. JrVm§O{b Ho$ boIH$ ........................... Wo& CÎma Xo gH$Vo h¢&
10. Bg‘| N>mÌm| H$mo gÝVmof àmá hmoVm h¡
17.9.2 dñVw{ZîR> narjUm| Ho$ JwU VWm {deofVmE±
Bg àUmbr ‘| N>mÌm| H$mo R>rH$ A§H$ {‘bVo h¢& Bggo CZH$mo Z Ho$db gÝVmof
AnZo JwUm| ¶m {deofVmAm| Ho$ H$maU hr dñVw{ZîR> narjm-àUmbr Ho$ àMbZ
hr àmá hmoVm h¡, ~pëH$ CZH$mo A{YH$ n[al‘ H$aZo H$s àoaUm ^r {‘bVr h¡&
‘| {XZ-à{V{XZ bJmVma d¥{Õ hmoVr Mbr Om ahr h¡& h‘ ¶hm± BZH$m g§{já
{ddaU àñVwV H$a aho h¢- 11. Bg‘| N>mÌm| H$s CÎma nwpñVH$m H$mo Om±MZo ‘| H$‘ g‘¶ bJVm h¡
Bg àUmbr ‘| CÎma-nwpñVH$mAm| H$mo Om±MZo ‘| BVZm H$‘ g‘¶ bJVm h¡ {H$
1. Bg‘| d¡YVm hmoVr h¡
do erK« hr N>mÌm| H$mo bm¡Q>m Xr OmVr h¢& N>mÌ AnZr Aew{Õ¶m| go AdJV hmoH$a
d¡YVm Bg àUmbr H$m EH$ ‘w»¶ JwU h¡& ¶h Cgr {ZYm©[aV ¶mo½¶Vm H$m ‘mn
CZHo$ gå~ÝY ‘| {ejH$ go {dMma {d‘e© H$a boVo h¢& Bg Vah ¶h àUmbr
H$aVr h¡, {OgHo$ {bE BgH$m {Z‘m©U {H$¶m OmVm h¡&
N>mÌm| Ho$ {bE ~hþV Cn¶moJr h¡&
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
n¥îR> 338 CnbpãY narjU H$m {Z‘m©U
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
12. Bg‘| A§H$m| ‘| g‘mZVm hmoVr h¡
Bg àUmbr ‘| g~ N>mÌm| H$mo g~ narjH$m| go g‘mZ A§H$ àmá hmoVo h¢& AV…
CZHo$ A§H$m| ‘| nyU© g‘mZVm hmoVr h¡&
13. Bg‘| A§H$Z ‘| gabVm hmoVr h¡
Bg àUmbr ‘| A§H$Z, CÎmam| H$s Vm{bH$m H$s ghm¶Vm go {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AV…
A§H$Z H$m H$m¶© EH$X‘ gab hmoVm h¡ VWm g‘¶ ^r H$‘ bJVm h¡&
14. Bg‘| aQ>Zo H$m AÝV hmo OmVm h¡
¶h àUmbr aQ>Zo H$s àWm H$m AÝV H$aVr h¡, ³¶m|{H$ Bg àUmbr ‘| Hw$N> àíZm|
Ho$ CÎmam| H$mo aQ> boZo go hr H$m‘ Zht MbVm h¡& AV… N>mÌ aQ>Zo Ho$ ~Om¶
{df¶-dñVw H$mo ܶmZ go n‹T>H$a ñ‘aU H$aVo h¢&
15. Bg‘| kmZ H$s dmñV{dH$ Om±M hmoVr h¡
Bg àUmbr ‘| N>mÌm| H$mo A{V g§{já CÎma XoZo n‹S>Vo h¢& AV… do AnZr
AkmZVm H$mo ^mfm Ho$ AmdaU ‘| Zhr§ {N>nm nmVo h¢& Bg Vah ¶h àUmbr kmZ
H$s dmñV{dH$ Om±M H$aVr h¡&
17.9.3 dñVw{ZîR> narjUm| Ho$ Xmof
dñVw{ZîR> narjUm| Ho$ {ZaÝVa à¶moJ go BZ‘| Hw$N> Xmof Bg Vah C^a H$a
gm‘Zo Am JE h¢, {OZHo$ H$maU AZoH$m| {ejm{dX² BZH$mo N>mÌm| Ho$ {bE A{hVH$a
g‘PZo bJo h¢& Bg àH$ma Ho$ Hw$N> Xmof {ZåZ{b{IV h¢-
1. ¶h AZw‘mZ H$mo àmoËgmhZ XoVm h¡
¶o narjU, N>mÌm| ‘| AZw‘mZ bJmZo H$s Adm§N>Zr¶ àd¥[Îm H$mo àmoËgmhZ XoVo h¢&
do ~w{Õ H$m à¶moJ Zht H$aHo$ Ho$db AZw‘mZ go g˶ ¶m Ag˶ na {M• bJm
XoVo h¢ VWm eãXm| H$mo aoIm§{H$V H$a XoVo h¢&
2. Bg‘| ^mfm d e¡br H$s Xþ~©bVm hmoVr h¡
BZ narjUm| H$m ^mfm VWm e¡br go H$moB© à¶moOZ Zht hmoVm h¡& AV… N>mÌ BZ
~mVm| H$s Amoa Oam ^r ܶmZ Zht XoVo h¢& ’$bñdê$n, CZH$s ^mfm VWm e¡br
h‘oem Ho$ {bE Xþ~©b hmo OmVr h¡&
3. Bg‘| ^md-àH$meZ H$s Ag‘W©Vm hmoVr h¡
¶o narjU, N>mÌm| H$s A{^춧OZm-ep³V H$m {dH$mg Zht H$a nmVo h¢& AV… do
AnZo ^mdm| H$m àH$mímZ H$aZo ‘| Ag‘W© {gÕ hmoVo h¢&
4. Bg‘| loîR> ‘mZ{gH$ ep³V¶m| H$s Om±M Agå^d hmoVr h¡
BZ narjUm| Ûmam loîR> ‘mZ{gH$ ep³V¶m| H$s Om±M Agå^d hmoVr h¡&
CXmhaUmW©, BZ narjUm| ‘| VH©$ {MÝVZ, ‘m¡{bH$ {dMma, g¥OZmË‘H$ H$ënZm
VWm {díbofUmË‘H$ ep³V¶m| H$s Om±M H$m H$moB© ñWmZ Zht hmoVm h¡&
5. Bg‘| Ho$db V϶mË‘H$ kmZ H$s Om±M hmoVr h¡
BZ narjUm| Ûmam Ho$db V϶mË‘H$ kmZ na ~b {X¶m OmVm h¡& AV… BgHo$
AÝVJ©V Ho$db Bgr kmZ H$s Om±M H$s Om gH$Vr h¡&
6. Bg‘| {ddmXJ«ñV V϶m| Ed§ g‘ñ¶mAm| H$s AdhobZm hmoVr h¡
gm{h˶, B{Vhmg VWm gm‘m{OH$ {dkmZ ‘| AZoH$m| {ddmXJ«ñV V϶ VWm
g‘ñ¶mE± hmoVr h¢ VWm BZH$mo A˶{YH$ ‘hÎdnyU© g‘Pm OmVm h¡, ³¶m|{H$
àJʶ
dñVw{ZîR> narjUm| ‘| àíZm| Ho$ CÎma gÝXohnyU© Zht hmo gH$Vo h¢& Bg{bE BZ
‘hÎdnyU© {ddmXJ«ñV V϶m| VWm g‘ñ¶mAm| H$mo h‘oem Ho$ {bE N>mo‹S> {X¶m OmVm
h¡& ’$bñdê$n, N>mÌm| H$s VH©$ VWm qMVZ ep³V¶m± A{dH${gV hr ah OmVr h¢&
7. Bg‘| A{YH$ YZ H$s Amdí¶H$Vm hmoVr h¡
dñVw{ZîR> narjUm| ‘| àíZm| H$s g§»¶m ~hþV A{YH$ hmoVr h¡& BZ àíZm| H$mo
~mobZm ¶m í¶m‘nÅ> na {bIZm Agå^d hmoVm h¡& AV… ha ~ma BZH$s CVZr
hr à{V¶m± N>ndmZr n‹S>Vr h¢, {OVZo {H$ N>mÌ hmoVo h¢& BgHo$ {bE H$m’$s ‘mÌm
‘| YZ H$s Amdí¶H$Vm n‹S>Vr h¡&
8. Bg‘| {ejH$ na A˶{YH$ ^ma hmoVm h¡
¶o narjU, {ejH$ na A˶{YH$ ^ma S>mbVo h¢& N>moQ>o CÎmam| dmbo àíZm| H$m
{Z‘m©U H$aZo ‘| Cgo H$m’$s H${R>ZmB© H$m gm‘Zm H$aZm n‹S>Vm h¡& BgHo$ Abmdm
BZH$s g§»¶m ^r ~hþV A{YH$ hmoVr h¡& AV… BgH$m A{YH$m§e g‘¶ BZ àíZm|
H$s aMZm ‘| ì¶VrV hmo OmVm h¡&
17.9.4 dñVw{ZîR> narjUm| H$m ¶moJXmZ
pñH$Za H$m {dMma h¡ {H$ AnZr gr‘mAm| Ho$ ~mdOyX dñVw{ZîR> narjUm| Zo {ejm
H$mo Mma ê$nm| ‘| Anyd© ¶moJXmZ {X¶m h¡-
1. BZ narjUm| Zo N>mÌm| ‘o§ d¡¶p³VH$ ^oXm| H$s CnpñW{V na ~b XoZo
dmbo gmYZm| Ho$ ê$n ‘| H$m‘ {H$¶m h¡&
2. BÝhm|Zo N>mÌm| H$s ep³V¶mo§ VWm CnbpãY¶m| H$m A{YH$ CÎm‘
dJuH$aU H$aZo H$s {d{Y àñVwV H$s h¡&
3. BÝhm|Zo N>mÌm| Ho$ ~mao ‘| {ejH$m| Ho$ A{V Ëd[aV, A{V g§Hw${MV VWm
A{V d¡¶p³VH$ {ZU©¶m| na A§Hw$e bJm {X¶m h¡&
4. O¡gm {H$ pñH$Za Zo H$hm h¡ {H$-
Eogo narjUm| Ho$ {~Zm {OZ na A§H$ dñVw{ZîR> ÑpîQ> go {XE OmVo h¢, ~ÀMm| Am¡a
¶wdH$m| Ho$ ‘mZ{gH$ Am¡a e¡{jH$ {dH$mg na ~hþV gm Eogm AZwgÝYmZ Zht hmo nmVm,
{OgZo {ejm H$s à{H«$¶m na à^md S>mbm h¡&
17.10 CnbpãY narjmAm| Ho$ Cn¶moJ
Wm°Z©S>mBH$ Ed§ hoJZ Zo {dÚmb¶ ‘| CnbpãY narjmAm| Ho$ AZoH$ Cn¶moJm| H$m
dU©Z {H$¶m h¡, Omo {ZåZ{b{IV h¡-
1. Bg‘| dJuH$aU hmoVm h¡
BZ narjmAm| ‘| N>mÌm| H$mo Omo A§H$ àmá hmoVo h¢, CZHo$ ‘mZ{gH$ ñVam| H$m
ghO ê$n go hr AZw‘mZ bJm¶m Om gH$Vm h¡& AV… CÝh| {ejU Ho$ {bE AnZo
‘mZ{gH$ ñVam| Ho$ AZwHy$b dJmªo ‘| ñWmZ {X¶m Om gH$Vm h¡&
2. Bg‘| loUr-{d^mOZ hmoVm h¡
¶o narjmE±, N>mÌm| H$s ¶mo½¶VmAm| H$m ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$aZo H$s g~go CÎm‘ Ed§ {ZXm©of
{d{Y h¡& AV… BgH$m à¶moJ H$aHo$ N>mÌm| H$mo A{V CÎm‘ T>§J go {d{^ÝZ lo{U¶m|
‘| {d^m{OV {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡&
3. Bg‘| àoaUm hmoVr h¡
¶o narjm¶|, N>mÌm| H$mo àoaUm àXmZ H$aZo ‘| A{V g’$b {gÕ hþB© h¢& CZH$mo
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
àJʶ CnbpãY narjU H$m {Z‘m©U
ì¶p³VJV ¶m gm‘y{hH$ ê$n go narjm’$bm| H$mo gwZmH$a ¶m narjm’$bm| Ho$ MmQ>©
{XImH$a A{YH$ Aܶ¶Z H$aZo Ho$ {bE ào[aV {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡&
4. Bg‘| ì¶p³VJV {ejU hmoVm h¡
BZ narjmAm| H$s ghm¶Vm go Hw$emJ«-~w{Õ N>mÌm| H$s g‘¶ go nyd© H$jmoÝZ{V H$s
Om MwH$s hmoVr h¡ VWm ‘ÝX-~w{Õ N>mÌm| H$mo A{YH$ H$m¶© XoH$a H$jm Ho$ gm‘mݶ
ñVa na bm¶m Om gH$Vm h¡&
5. Bg‘| ì¶p³VJV ghm¶Vm Xr Om gH$Vr h¡
BZ narjmAm| H$m à¶moJ H$aHo$ gm‘mݶ à{H«$¶m, ‘ÝX-~w{Õ VWm {d{^ÝZ
{df¶m| ‘| {deof ¶mo½¶Vm dmbo N>mÌ H$m AmgmZr go MwZmd H$aHo$ CZH$mo CZH$s
ì¶p³VJV Amdí¶H$VmAm| Ho$ AZwgma ghm¶Vm Xr Om gH$Vr h¡&
6. Bg‘| N>mÌm| H$mo nam‘e© {X¶m OmVm h¡
¶o narjmE±, N>mÌm| H$s {d{eîQ> ê${M¶m| VWm H$m¶©-j‘VmAm| H$m ñnîQ> {MÌ
àñVwV H$aVr h¢& AV… BZHo$ AmYma na N>mÌm| H$mo ^mdr Aܶ¶Z Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘|
nam‘e© XoH$a CZH$mo bm^mpÝdV {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡&
7. Bg‘| N>mÌm| H$s H${R>ZmB© H$m {ZXmZ {H$¶m OmVm h¡
¶o narjmE±, N>mÌm| H$s gm‘mݶ H${R>ZmB¶m| H$m kmZ àXmZ H$aVr h¡& ¶h kmZ
àmá hmo OmZo na CZH$m {ZdmaU {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡ VWm Bg Vah N>mÌm| H$s
àJ{V ‘| à˶j ¶moJXmZ {X¶m Om gH$Vm h¡&
8. Bg‘| e¡{jH$ {ZX}eZ {X¶m Om gH$Vm h¡
BZ narjmAm| ‘| N>mÌm| Ûmam àmá {H$E JE A§H$m| Ho$ nyd© VWm dV©‘mZ A{^boIm|
H$m Aܶ¶Z H$aHo$ CZH$mo CZ {df¶m| H$mo Zhr§ boZo H$m {ZX}eZ {H$¶m Om gH$Vm
h¡, {OZ‘| CZH$s CnbpãY¶m± A{YH$ {ZåZ hmoVr h¢&
9. Bg‘| AܶmnH$ Ho$ H$m¶© H$m narjU hmoVm h¡-
CnbpãY-narjmE± EH$ àH$ma go {ejH$ Ho$ H$m¶© H$m narjU H$aVr h¡,
CXmhaUmW© AJa {H$gr narjm ‘| A{YH$m§e N>mÌm| H$mo H$‘ A§H$ àmá hmoVo h¢,
Vmo BgH$m AW© ¶h h¡ {H$ AܶmnH$ H$s {ejH$-{d{Y XmofnyU© Wr ¶m {ejU-
gm‘J«r ‘| H$moB© Ìw{Q> Adí¶ Wr& gå^dV… AܶmnH$ H$s {ejH$-{d{Y, nmR²>¶
{df¶ ¶m {ejm-gm‘J«r, N>mÌm| Ho$ ‘mZ{gH$ ñVa Ho$ AZwHy$b Zht Wr& Bg{bE
CgZo {ejU-gm‘J«r H$s ñnîQ> ì¶m»¶m Zht H$s& Bg Vah Ho$ Am¡a ^r Aݶ
H$maU hmo gH$Vo h¢& AV… CnbpãY narjmE±, AܶmnH$ Ho$ H$m¶© H$m narjU
H$aVr h¢& Bg àg§J ‘| H$mobog{ZH$ Zo H$hm h¡ {H$-
~w{Õ‘mZ AܶmnH$ H$mo narjmAm| H$mo AnZo ñd¶§ Ho$ H$m¶© H$m narjU g‘PZm
Mm{hE&
¶h ~‹S>m IoX H$m {df¶ h¡ {H$ AmOmXr Ho$ AmO 50 df© ~rVZo na ^r
CnbpãY narjUm| Ho$ joÌ ‘| ¶m ¶y± H$hm Om¶ {H$ narjm Ho$ joÌ ‘| H$moB© {deof
àJ{V Zht H$a nmE h¢& h‘ B©‘mZXmar Ho$ gmW ¶h Zht H$h gH$Vo h¢ {H$ h‘mar
CnbpãY narjmE± VWm ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$s VH$ZrH$ N>mÌm| Ho$ gmW ݶm¶ H$a nm ahr
h¡& {H$VZo Bg Vah Ho$ {dÚmb¶ h¢, Ohm± BZ narjUm| Ho$ àmámH$mo§ H$m bm^
CR>m¶m OmVm h¡&
{ejm ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| VWm {ejmempñ̶m| H$mo Bg {Xem ‘| {dMma H$aZm
A{V Amdí¶H$ h¡&
n¥îR> 339
17.11 CÎm‘ narjU H$m {Z‘m©U Ed§ {deofVmE±
narjU {H$gr ^r ¶mo½¶Vm, j‘Vm VWm CnbpãY Ho$ ‘mnZ H$m EH$ gdm}Îm‘
CnH$aU hmoVm h¡& AJa CnH$aU gmW©H$ d àm‘m{UH$ h¡ VWm Cg na Xoe, H$mb
VWm n[apñW{V H$m à^md Zht n‹S>Vm h¡, Vmo Cgo CÎm‘ narjU H$hm OmVm h¡&
JV dfm] ‘| {ejH$m| Zo {d{^ÝZ {d{Y¶m| H$m à¶moJ H$aHo$ N>mÌm| H$s
CnbpãY¶m| H$m ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$aZo ‘| ~hþV A{YH$ àJ{V H$s h¡& Bg H$m¶© ‘|
CÝhm|Zo dñVw{ZîR> narjUm| H$m ~hþV A{YH$ Hw$ebVm go à¶moJ {H$¶m h¡& {’$a
^r CZH$s ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$s {d{Y¶m| H$mo nyU©V¶m {ZXm}f Zht H$hm Om gH$Vm h¡& ¶h
V^r gå^d h¡, O~ do ñd{Z{‘©V narjUm| H$m à¶moJ Z H$aHo$, à‘m{nV e¡{jH$
narjUm| H$mo H$m‘ ‘| bmE, ³¶m§o{H$ BZH$s AnZr Hw$N> Img {deofVmE± hmoVr h¡&
Bg gå~ÝY ‘o§ S>Jbg d hm°b¡ÊS> Zo H$hm h¡ {H$-
CÎm‘ narjm ‘| AZoH$ {deofVmAm| H$m hmoZm Amdí¶H$ h¡ Am¡a ¶o {deofVmE± à˶oH$
narjU Ho$ {Z‘m©U Ho$ AmYma^yV {gÕmÝV hmo OmVo h¢&
A~ h‘ EH$ CÎm‘ narjU H$s {deofVmAm| ¶m CgHo$ {Z‘m©U Ho$
{gÕmÝVm| na {ZåZ{b{IV ê$n go {dMma H$a|Jo-
1. Bg‘o§ d¡YVm hmoVr h¡
CÎm‘ narjU ‘| d¡YVm H$m JwU ¶m {deofVm A{YH$ hmoVr h¡& BgH$m AW© ¶h
h¡ {H$ narjU H$mo ~mbH$ H$s Cgr ¶mo½¶Vm H$s Om±M H$aZr Mm{hE, {OgH$s
Om±M H$aZo Ho$ {bE Cgo ~Zm¶m J¶m h¡& d¡YVm H$m {dñV¥V {ddoMZ Aܶm¶ ‘|
AmJo {H$¶m J¶m h¡&
2. Bg‘| {dídgZr¶Vm hmoVr h¡
CÎm‘ narjU ‘| {dídgZr¶Vm H$m JwU A{YH$ hmoVm h¡& BgHo$ {d{^ÝZ njm| H$m
{dñV¥V {ddoMZ Aܶm¶ ‘| AmJo {H$¶m J¶m h¡&
3. Bg‘| ì¶mdhm[aH$Vm hmoVr h¡
CÎm‘ narjU ‘| ì¶mdhm[aH$Vm ¶m g’$bVmnyd©H$ à¶moJ {H$E OmZo H$m JwU hmoVm
h¡& BgH$m AW© ¶h hmoVm h¡ {H$ narjU Ho$ {bE {deof à{ejU àmá ì¶p³V,
{deof V¡¶mar VWm gm‘J«r Ed§ A{YH$ g‘¶ H$s Amdí¶H$Vm Zht hmoVr h¡& AV…
CgHo$ à¶moJ ‘| {H$gr ^r àH$ma H$s H${R>ZmB© Zht hmoVr h¡&
4. Bg‘| {ZpíMV CÔoí¶ hmoVm h¡
CÎm‘ narjU ‘| {ZpíMV CÔoí¶ H$m JwU hmoVm h¡& ¶o CÔoí¶ Cg {df¶ ¶m
nmR²>¶H«$‘ H$m ܶmZnyd©H$ Aܶ¶Z H$aZo Ho$ ~mX {ZpíMV {H$E OmVo h¢, {OgHo$
{bE narjU H$m {Z‘m©U {H$¶m OmVm h¡&
5. Bg‘| gabVm hmoVr h¡
CÎm‘ narjU ‘| gabVm H$m JwU hmoVm h¡& Xÿgao eãXm| ‘| àíZ, {ZX}e VWm A§H$
XoZo H$s {d{Y¶m± BVZr AmgmZ hmoVr h¢ {H$ narjH$ VWm narjmWu CZH$mo A{V
gabVm go g‘P OmVo h¢& AV… {H$gr àH$ma H$s Ìw{Q> H$s Ame§H$m Zht ahVr h¢&
6. Bg‘| dñVw{ZîR>Vm hmoVr h¡
CÎm‘ narjU ‘| dñVw{ZîR>Vm H$m JwU {deof ê$n go nm¶m OmVm h¡& Bg narjU
‘| ~mbH$, àíZm| H$mo {ZpíMV {ZX}em| Ho$ AZwgma H$aVo h¢ VWm narjH$ A§H$-
Vm{bH$m H$s ghm¶Vm go A§H$ XoVm h¡& AV… ¶h narjU nyU©ê$n go {Zînj
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
n¥îR> 340 CnbpãY narjU H$m {Z‘m©U
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
hmoVm h¡& Bg na {dÚmWu H$s Om§M VWm narjH$ H$s ‘ZmoXem H$m H$moB© à^md
Zht n‹S>Vm h¡&
7. Bg‘| ì¶mnH$Vm hmoVr h¡
CÎm‘ narjU ‘| ì¶mnH$Vm H$m JwU nm¶m OmVm h¡& BgH$m AW© hmoVm h¡ ~mbH$m|
H$s {Og ¶mo½¶Vm H$m ‘mn {H$¶m OmVm h¡, CgHo$$ g~ nhbwAm| go gå~{ÝYV
àíZ hmoVo h¢& Bg Vah H$m H$moB© ^r ‘hÎdnyU© nhby Zht hmoVm h¡, {Og na àíZ
Zht hm|& AV… narjU EH$m§Jr Zhr§ hmoH$a ì¶mnH$ hmoVm h¡&
8. Bg‘| amoMH$Vm hmoVr h¡
CÎm‘ narjU ‘| amoMH$Vm H$m JwU hmoVm h¡& Bgr JwU Ho$ H$maU ~mbH$ Bg‘| nyU©
VÝ‘¶Vm go H$m¶© H$aVo h¢& ’$bñdê$n BgHo$ n[aUm‘ AewÕ Zht hmoZo nmVo h¢&
9. Bg‘| {‘V춶Vm hmoVr h¡
CÎm‘ narjU ‘| {‘V춶Vm H$m JwU hmoVm h¡& Bg‘| {H$gr {deof ¶ÝÌ ¶m gm‘J«r
H$s Amdí¶H$Vm Zht hmoZo Ho$ H$maU 춶 H$m H$moB© àíZ hr Zht CR>Vm h¡&
~mbH$ H$mJO na N>no hþE àíZm| Ho$ CÎma H$b‘ ¶m nopÝgb H$m à¶moJ H$aHo$
Xo gH$Vm h¡&
10. Bg‘| gw{dYm hmoVr h¡
CÎm‘ narjU gw{dYmOZH$ hmoVm h¡& BgH$m AW© ¶h hmoVm h¡ {H$ BgHo$ {bE
{H$gr {deof ì¶dñWm H$s Amdí¶H$Vm Zht hmoVr h¡& ¶h H$‘ ñWmZ VWm H$‘
g‘¶ ‘| A{YH$ go A{YH$ ~mbH$m| Ho$ {bE à¶moJ {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡&
11. Bg‘| {d^oXrH$aU hmoVm h¡
CÎm‘ narjU ‘| {d^oXrH$aU H$m JwU A{Zdm¶© ê$n go {dÚ‘mZ ahVm h¡& Xÿgao
eãXm| ‘| ¶h narjU à{V^membr VWm ‘ÝX~w{Õ ~mbH$m| ‘| AÝVa H$aVm h¡& Bg
CÔoí¶ go BgHo$ g~ àíZ H${R>Z Zht hmoVo h¢, ³¶m|{H$ CZH$mo Ho$db à{V^membr
~mbH$ hr H$a gH$Vo h¢& Bg‘| gab àíZ ^r hmoVo h¢, Vm{H$ ‘ÝX~w{Õ ~mbH$m|
H$mo ^r CZH$mo H$aZo H$m Adga àmá hmo gHo$&
12. Bg‘| à‘m{nVVm hmoVr h¡
CÎm‘ narjU à‘m{nV hmoVm h¡& BgH$m AW© ¶h hmoVm h¡ {H$ narjU ‘| {XE
OmZo dmbo àíZm|, {ZX}em|, narjm boZo H$s {d{Y¶m| VWm A§H$ XoZo Ho$ {bE T>§Jm|
H$mo nhbo go {ZpíMV H$a {b¶m OmVm h¡ VWm ¶h Om±M H$a br OmVr h¢ {H$ ¶o
g~ ~mV R>rH$ h¢ ¶m Zht&
13. Bg‘| gm‘mݶ ñVa hmoVm h¡
CÎm‘ narjU H$m EH$ ¶m A{YH$ gm‘mݶ ñVa hmoVm h¡& narjU-{Z‘m©Vm nhbo
hr Bg ~mV H$m {ZíM¶ H$a boVm h¡ {H$ ~mbH$m| H$s {H$g ¶mo½¶Vm ‘| {H$g ñVa
Ho$ hmoZo H$s Amem H$s Om gH$Vr h¡& gm‘mݶ ñVa nhbo go {ZpíMV hmoZo Ho$
H$maU Bg ~mV H$m gwJ‘Vm go kmZ hmo OmVm h¡ {H$ ~mbH$ H$s ‘mZ{gH$ Am¶w
Bg ñVa go H$‘, A{YH$ ¶m ~am~a h¡&
14. Bg‘| H${R>ZmB© H$m H«$‘ gab go H${R>Z H$s Amoa MbVm h¡
CÎm‘ narjU ‘| àíZm| H$m H«$‘ gab go H${R>Z H$s Amoa MbVm h¡& narjmWu
àmapå^H$ àíZm| H$mo gab nmVm h¡, na O¡go-O¡go dh AmJo ~‹T>Vm h¡, d¡go-d¡go
àíZ A{YH$ go A{YH$ H${R>Z hmoVo Mbo OmVo h¢&
àJʶ
17.12 d¡YVm
d¡YVm EH$ AÀN>o narjU H$s VH$ZrH$s {deofVm hmoVr h¡& gå^dV… d¡YVm
narjU H$s g~go à‘wI Am¡a A{Zdm¶© {deofVm ¶m JwU h¡& ¶{X narjU d¡Y
Zht hmoJm, Vmo narjU Ûmam àmá {ZîH$f© ¶m n[aUm‘ ^r d¡Y Zhr§ hm|Jo& {H$gr ^r
narjU H$m {Z‘m©U H$aZo Ho$ níMmV² ¶h Amdí¶H$ Zht {H$ CgH$m à‘mnrH$aU
{H$¶m OmE, naÝVw CgH$s d¡YVm H$mo kmV H$aZm A˶ÝV Amdí¶H$ h¡&
narjU H$m {Z‘m©U {H$gr Z {H$gr CÔoí¶ H$mo ÑpîQ> ‘| aIH$a {H$¶m
OmVm h¡& {Og CÔoí¶ Ho$ {bE narjU H$m {Z‘m©U {H$¶m J¶m h¡ ¶{X Cg CÔoí¶
H$s ny{V© narjU Ûmam hmo ahr h¡, Vmo narjU d¡Y h¡ Am¡a ¶{X Zht hmo ahr h¡,
Vmo narjU Ad¡Y h¡&
17.12.1 d¡YVm H$m AW©
d¡YVm go VmËn¶© h¡ {H$ H$moB© A‘wH$ narjU {H$VZr ewÕVm Am¡a gmW©H$Vm go
narjU Ho$ CZ {d{eîQ> Ed§ gm‘mݶ CÔoí¶m| H$m ‘mnZ H$aVm h¡, {OZHo$ {bE
CgH$m {Z‘m©U {H$¶m J¶m h¡& Xÿgao eãXm| ‘|, d¡YVm H$m AW© ¶h h¡ {H$ narjU
‘| ~mbH$ H$s Cgr ¶mo½¶Vm H$s Om±M H$s OmE, {OgH$s Om±M H$aZo Ho$ {bE Cgo
~Zm¶m J¶m h¡& d¡YVm Ho$ AW© na àH$me S>mbVo hþE àogr, am°{~ÝgZ d hm°a³g
Zo H$hm h¡ {H$-
narjU ‘| d¡YVm V^r hmoVr h¡, O~ dh dmñVd ‘| Cgr ~mV H$m ‘mnZ H$aVm h¡,
{OgHo$ ‘mnZ H$s Cggo Amem H$s OmVr h¡&
d¡YVm Ho$ AW© H$mo h‘ CXmhaU Ûmam AÀN>r Vah ñnîQ> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
h‘ ’w$Q>ê$b go bå~mB© Zmn gH$Vo h¢, JmobmB© Zht& Bgr Vah, h‘ B{Vhmg Ho$
Q>oñQ> go ~mbH$ Ho$ B{Vhmg Ho$ kmZ H$s Om±M H$a gH$Vo h¢, CgHo$ ^yJmob Ho$
kmZ H$s Zht& BVZm hr Zht, B{Vhmg H$m Q>oñQ> Bg àH$ma {Z{‘©V {H$¶m OmZm
Mm{hE {H$ Cggo ~mbH$ Ho$ B{Vhmg gå~ÝYr kmZ H$m ‘mnZ {H$¶m Om gHo$, Z
{H$ CgH$s n‹T>Zo H$s J{V VWm Hw$ebVm H$m& V^r B{Vhmg Ho$ Q>oñQ> go d¡YVm
H$m dmñV{dH$ JwU àH$Q> hmo gH$Vm h¡&
17.12.2 d¡YVm H$s n[a^mfmE±
d¡YVm H$m à˶¶ H${R>Z hmoZo Ho$ H$maU Bgo n[a^m{fV H$aZm A˶ÝV H${R>Z H$m¶©
h¡& Hw$N> {dÛmZm| Zo d¡YVm H$mo {ZåZ eãXm| ‘| n[a^m{fV H$aZo H$m à¶mg {H$¶m h¢-
1. $’«$s‘¡Z Ho$ AZwgma-
d¡YVm H$m gyMH$m§H$ Cg ‘mÌm H$mo 춳V H$aVm h¡, {Og ‘mÌm VH$ EH$ narjU Cg
V϶ H$mo ‘mnVm h¡, {OgHo$ ‘mnZ hoVw ¶h ~Zm¶m J¶m hmo, O~{H$ CgH$s VwbZm {H$gr
ñdrH$¥{V H$gm¡Q>r go H$s OmVr h¡&
2. H«$m°Z~¡H$ Ho$ AZwgma-
{H$gr narjU H$s d¡YVm CgH$s dh gr‘m h¡, {Og gr‘m VH$ dh, dhr ‘mnVm h¡,
{OgHo$ {bE CgH$m {Z‘m©U {H$¶m J¶m h¡&
3. {Kgobr Ho$ AZwgma-
em¶X d¡YVm H$s g~go gm‘mݶ n[a^mfm ¶h h¡ {H$ EH$ narjU {H$g gr‘m VH$
àñVm{dH$ CÔoí¶m| H$m ‘mnZ H$aVm h¡&
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
àJʶ CnbpãY narjU H$m {Z‘m©U
4. Jw{b³gZ Ho$ AZwgma-
{H$gr H$gm¡Q>r Ho$ gmW narjU H$m gh-gå~ÝY hr d¡YVm h¡&
Cn¶w©³V n[a^mfmAm| H$o AmYma na ¶h H$hm Om gH$Vm h¡ {H$ d¡YVm
Am¡a narjU Ho$ CÔoí¶ ‘| K{ZîR> gå~ÝY h¡& AV… narjU H$s d¡YVm gX¡d
CÔoí¶m| na {Z^©a ahVr h¡& ¶{X narjU d¡Y Zht h¡, Vmo CZ CÔoí¶m| H$s àm{á
H$^r Zht hmo gH$Vr, {OZ CÔoí¶m| Ho$ {bE CgH$m {Z‘m©U {H$¶m J¶m h¡&
17.12.3 d¡YVm Ho$ àH$ma
³bmg{‘¶a Ed§ JwS>{dZ Ho$ AZwgma, d¡YVm {ZåZ{b{IV Mma àH$ma H$s hmoVr
h¡, {OZ‘| go CÎm‘ narjU ‘§o H$‘ go H$‘ EH$ H$m hmoZm A{Zdm¶© hmoVm h¡-
1. {df¶-dñVw H$s d¡YVm
AJa narjU ‘| AܶmnH$ Ûmam n‹T>mB© JB© {df¶-dñVw H$m nyU© ¶m n¶m©á
gm‘doe h¡, Vmo Cg‘| {df¶-dñVw H$s d¡YVm hmoVr h¡&
2. nyd©-H$WZ H$s d¡YVm
¶{X narjU ‘| ~mbH$ Ûmam àmá {H$¶o JE A§H$, N>mÌ Ho$ {df¶ ‘| ¶h ^{dî¶dmUr
H$aVo h¢ {H$ dh AmJo MbH$a ³¶m H$aoJm, Vmo Cg‘| nyd©-H$WZ H$s d¡YVm hmoVr
h¡&
3. {Z‘m©U H$s d¡YVm
AJa narjU ‘| ~mbH$ Ûmam àmá {H$E JE A§H$ CVZo hr h¢, {OVZo CgHo$ Ûmam
àmá {H$¶o OmZo H$s Amem Wr, Vmo Cg‘| narjU-{Z‘m©U H$s d¡YVm hmoVr h¡&
4. g‘dVu-d¡YVm
AJa narjU ‘| ~mbH$ Ûmam àmá {H$E JE A§H$ CgHo$ Mmby H$m¶m] go gh-
gå~ÝY ~VmVo h¢, Vmo Cg‘| g‘dVu d¡YVm hmoVr h¡&
d¡YVm Ho$ Omo àH$ma D$na ~VmE JE h¢ CZ‘| {df¶-dñVw H$s d¡YVm H$mo
CnbpãY narjU Ho$ {bE g~go A{YH$ ‘hÎdnyU© ‘mZm J¶m h¡& BgH$m H$maU
¶h h¡ {H$ Bgr H$s ghm¶Vm go N>mÌm| H$s CnbpãY¶m| H$m ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$aHo$ CZH$m
loUr-{d^mOZ VWm dJuH$aU {H$¶m OmVm h¡ VWm CZH$s H$jmoÝZ{V ^r H$s
OmVr h¡& Bgr{bE, ³bmg{‘¶a d JwS>{dZ Zo H$hm h¡ {H$-
CnbpãY narjU ‘| {df¶-dñVw H$s d¡YVm A˶{YH$ ‘hÎdnyU© h¡&
17.12.4 d¡YVm H$mo à^m{dV H$aZo dmbo H$maH$
{H$gr ^r narjU H$s d¡YVm H$mo à^m{dV H$aZo dmbo H$maH$m| H$m g§{já {ddaU
{ZåZ àH$ma h¡-
1. narjU H$m AmH$ma
¶{X {H$gr narjU ‘| nXm| H$s g§»¶m ~‹T>m Xr OmVr h¡, Vmo Ho$db {dídgZr¶Vm
JwUm§H$ ‘| hr d¥{Õ Zht hmoVr, A{nVw d¡YVm ^r ~‹T> OmVr h¡& narjU H$m AmH$ma
{OVZm ~‹T>m hmoVm h¡, CVZr hr A{YH$ {dídgZr¶Vm Am¡a d¡YVm hmoVr h¡& BgHo$
{dnarV narjU H$m AmH$ma {OVZm N>moQ>m hmoVm h¡ ¶m àíZm| H$s g§»¶m {OVZr
H$‘ hmoVr h¡, d¡YVm Ed§ {dídgZr¶Vm CVZr H$‘ hmoVr h¡& Bg àH$ma narjUm|
H$m AmH$ma ~‹T>Zo go CZH$s d¡YVm ^r ~‹T> OmVr h¡&
n¥îR> 341
2. narjU H$s J˶mˑH$Vm
narjU H$s d¡YVm Am¡a CgH$s J˶mË‘H$Vm H$m K{ZîR> gå~ÝY hmoVm h¡& ¶{X
narjU H$s àemgZ H$s Ad{Y H$mo ~‹T>m {X¶m OmE, Vmo narjU H$s J˶mË‘H$Vm
H$‘ hmo OmVr h¡& d¡YVm JwUm§H$ ~‹T>Vm h¡ Am¡a ¶{X CgH$s àemg{ZH$ Ad{Y
H$‘ H$a Xr OmE, Vmo J˶mË‘H$Vm ~‹T>Vr h¡ Am¡a d¡YVm JwUm§H$ H$‘ hmoVm OmVm
h¡& Bg àH$ma narjU H$s J˶mË‘H$Vm CgH$s d¡YVm H$mo à^m{dV H$aVr h¡&
3. g‘yh H$s gOmVr¶Vm
{Og g‘yh H$mo narjU {X¶m OmVm h¡, CgH$s gOmVr¶Vm Am¡a {dOmVr¶Vm d¡YVm
H$mo à^m{dV H$aVr h¡& ¶{X g‘yh Ho$ N>mÌ gOmVr¶ h¡, Vmo d¡YVm JwUm§H$ A{YH$
hmoJm Am¡a ¶{X g‘yh Ho$ N>mÌ {dOmVr¶ h¡, Vmo d¡YVm H$m JwUm§H$ H$‘ hmoJm& Bg
àH$ma g‘yh H$s {dOmVr¶ ~‹T>Zo go d¡YVm H$m JwUm§H$ H$‘ hmoVm OmVm h¡&
4. AñnîQ> {ZX}e
narjU Ho$ àemgZ ‘| Omo {ZX}e {XE OmVo h¢, CZ‘| g‘ê$nVm VWm ñnîQ>Vm
hmoZr Mm{hE& ¶{X dh {ZX}e ñnîQ> Zht h¡, Vmo narjU H$s d¡YVm à^m{dV hmoJr&
AWm©V² dmñV{dH$ d¡YVm go àmá H$s hþB© d¡YVm H$‘ hmoJr& AV… narjU XoVo
g‘¶ {OZ {ZX}em| H$m à¶moJ {H$¶m OmE, do ^r àm‘m{UH$ hmoZo Mm{hE&
5. gm‘m{OH$ Ed§ gm§ñH¥${VH$ AÝVa H$m à^md
g‘mO Ho$ {d{^ÝZ g‘yhm| H$mo narjU {X¶m OmVm h¡, Vmo CZHo$ àmám§H$m| na
CZHo$ Am{W©H$, gm‘m{OH$ d gm§ñH¥${VH$ njm| H$m à^md n‹S>Vm h¡, Omo Cg
narjU H$s d¡YVm H$mo à^m{dV H$aVm h¡& AV… {H$gr narjU H$mo ~ZmVo g‘¶
¶h gmdYmZr aIZr Mm{hE {H$ narjU Ho$ nXm| H$m ñdê$n Eogm hmo {OZ na
gm§ñH¥${VH$, gm‘m{OH$ Ed§ Am{W©H$ njm| H$m H$‘ go H$‘ à^md hmo& O~ H$moB©
narjU gm§ñH¥${VH$ Ed§ gm‘m{OH$ gr‘mAm| H$mo nam H$a boVm h¡ V~ ^r narjU
H$s d¡YVm à^m{dV Zht hmoVr h¡&
6. narjU Ho$ nXm| H$m H${R>ZmB© ñVa
{H$gr narjU ‘| Eogo àíZm| H$mo gpå‘{bV {H$¶m OmVm h¡, {OZHo$ H${R>ZmB© ñVa
H$m {dñVma ~hþV A{YH$ hmoVm h¡ V~ Cg narjU H$s {dídgZr¶Vm Am¡a d¡YVm
H$‘ hmo OmVr h¡& narjU H$s d¡YVm dmñdV ‘| CgHo$ nXm| Ho$ H${R>ZmB© ñVa
VWm CZH$s {d^oXrH$aU ep³V na {Z^©a H$aVr h¡&
7. AZw{H«$¶m àd¥{Îm
dñVw{ZîR> narjUm| ‘| AZw‘mZ go ghr H$aZo H$m Adga hmoVm h¡& Bg{bE
O~ narjUm| ‘| AZw‘mZ àíZm| H$mo ghr H$aVm h¡ V~ d¡YVm JwUH$ H$‘ hmoJm
Am¡a {dídgZr¶Vm JwUH$ ^r H$‘ hmoJm& Bg{bE narjmWu Ho$ àmám§H$m| Ho$ {bE
AZw‘mZ go ghr H$aZo Ho$ gyÌ H$m à¶moJ H$aZm Mm{hE&
8. d¡YVm JwUH$ H$s {d{Y H$m à^md
narjU nXm| H$m hmoVm h¡ nX H$s H${R>ZmB© narjmWu¶m| H$s OmZH$mar na {Z^©a
H$aVr h¡& ¶{X h‘ {H$gr nX H$mo OmZVo h¢, Vmo gab h¡ Zht OmZVo h¡, Vmo
H${R>Z h¡& Bg àH$ma d¡YVm Am¡a {dídgZr¶Vm H$s JUZm ‘| nXm| H$s M[aVm
H$mo ‘hÎd Zht {X¶m OmVm, Bg{bE d¡YVm JwUm§H$ dmñV{dH$Vm go H$‘ hmoVm
h¡& g¡ÕmpÝVH$ ê$n go ¶h nX M[aVm hmoVr h¡& CgH$s d¡YVm JwUm§H$ H$s JUZm
‘| ‘hÎd XoZm Mm{hE&
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
n¥îR> 342 CnbpãY narjU H$m {Z‘m©U
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
9. Aݶ H$maH$
ewÕVm Ho$ ñWmZ na J{V go H$m¶© H$aZo H$s àd¥{Îm, A§H$Z na narjH$ H$s AmË‘{ZîR>Vm
Ed§ ‘Zmd¥{Îm H$m hmdr hmoZm, Am¶w, qbJ, ¶mo½¶Vm ñVa, e¡j{UH$ n¥îR>^{y ‘, {df¶-
dñVw, ì¶dhma, n[adV©Z, emar[aH$ ‘mZ{gH$ AdñWm, narjU H$m ñdê$n, ^mfm,
H$‘ ì¶dñWm Am{X g^r H$maH$ narjU H$s d¡YVm H$mo à^m{dV H$aVo h¢&
17.13 {dídgZr¶Vm
EH$ AÀN>o narjU H$s Amdí¶H$ VH$ZrH$s H$gm¡Q>r h¡ {H$ narjU {dídgZr¶
hmo& AV… {H$gr ^r Z¶o narjU H$m {Z‘m©U H$aVo g‘¶ Bg ~mV H$m ܶmZ
aIZm Amdí¶H$ h¡ {H$ narjU {dídgZr¶ hmo& ¶{X h‘mam narjU {dídgZr¶
Zht h¡, Vmo CgH$m Cn¶moJ Zht hmo gHo$Jm, ³¶m|{H$ O~ h‘mam narjU hr
{dídgZr¶ Zht h¡ Vmo Bggo àmá {ZîH$f© ¶m n[aUm‘ ^r {dídgZr¶ Zht hm|Jo&
A{dídgZr¶ narjU Ho$ Ûmam h‘ {H$gr ‘hÎdnyU© {ZîH$f© na ^r Zht nhþ±M
nmE±Jo Am¡a Z hr N>mÌm| H$m ghr ‘yë¶m§H$Z hmo gHo$Jm&
narjU H$s {dídgZr¶Vm Bg V϶ H$mo àH$Q> H$aVr h¡ {H$ Cg‘| Ma
Ìw{Q> {H$VZr h¡& Ma Ìw{Q> Ho$ H$‘ hmoZo na narjU A{YH$ {dídgZr¶ hmoJm,
O~{H$ Ma Ìw{Q> Ho$ A{YH$ hmoZo na narjU H$‘ {dídgZr¶ hmoJm&
17.13.1 {dídgZr¶Vm H$m AW©
{dídgZr¶Vm H$m AW© hmoVm h¡ {H$ narjU H$m O~ ^r à¶moJ {H$¶m OmE,
V~ CgHo$ n[aUm‘m| ‘| {H$gr àH$ma H$m AÝVa Zht hmoH$a g‘mZVm hr hmo&
CXmhaUmW© AJa {H$gr ~mbH$ Ho$ {bE EH$ hr narjU H$m Mma ~ma à¶moJ
{H$¶m OmE Am¡a AJa Cg Ad{Y ‘| CgHo$ kmZ ‘| {H$gr àH$ma H$s d¥{Õ Zht
hmo, Vmo Mmam| ~ma g‘mZ A§H$ àmá hmoZo Mm{hE& AJa CgHo$ A§H$mo§ ‘| n[adV©Z
hmo OmVm h¡, Vmo narjU H$mo {dídgZr¶ Zht H$hm Om gH$Vm h¡& Bg Vah, h‘
H$h gH$Vo h¢ {H$ {dídgZr¶Vm H$m AW© h¡- n[aUm‘ H$s g‘mZVm ¶m pñWaVm&
³bmg{‘¶a d JwS>{dZ H$m H$hZm h¡ {H$-
{dídgZr¶Vm Cg gr‘m H$m CëboI H$aVr h¡, {Og gr‘m VH$ narjU Ûmam àmá
‘mnZm| ‘| g‘mZVm ¶m pñWaVm hmoVr h¡&
17.14 {dídgZr¶Vm H$s n[a^mfmE±
1. {Kgobr Ho$ AZwgma
‘mnZ H$s {dídgZr¶Vm H$mo ì¶p³V Ho$ Hw$b erb JwUm| na àmá àmám§H$m| Ho$
Aì¶dñW{V {dMbZ H$s gr‘m Ho$ ê$n ‘| n[a^m{fV {H$¶m J¶m h¡, O~{H$ Cg
erb JwU H$mo AZoH$ ~ma ‘mnm J¶m&
2. EZoñQ>ogr Ho$ AZwgma
narjU {dídgZr¶Vm {d{^ÝZ Adgam| ¶m g‘mZ nXm| Ho$ {d{^ÝZ {dݶmgm| ‘|
EH$ hr ì¶p³V Ho$ g§J{V àmám§H$m| H$s àm{á H$s Amoa B§{JV H$aVr h¡&
3. J¡aoQ> Ho$ AZwgma
EH$ narjU ¶m ‘mZ{gH$ ‘mnZ ¶ÝÌ H$s {dídgZr¶Vm Cg g§J{V na {Z^©a
àJʶ
H$aVr h¡, Omo CZ ì¶p³V¶m| H$s ¶mo½¶Vm H$m AZw‘mZ bJmVr h¡, {OZHo$ {bE
CgH$m à¶moJ hmoVm h¡&
4. {Jb’$moS>© Ho$ AZwgma
g§{já ‘| {dídgZr¶Vm àmá narjU àmám§H$m| ‘| dmñV{dH$ {dMaU AZwnmV h¡&
5. ñQ>moS>mobm Ed§ ñQ>moaS>b Ho$ AZwgma
EH$ hr g‘yh Ho$ ì¶p³V¶m| na g‘ê$n narjU àem{gV H$a Ed§ Xmo ¶m A{YH$
àmám§H$m| Ho$ {dݶmgm| Ho$ ‘ܶ gh-gå~ÝY kmV H$aZo Ho$ ê$n ‘| narjU
{dídgZr¶Vm H$mo n[a^m{fV {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡&
Cnamo³V n[a^mfmAm| Ho$ AmYma na {ZîH$f© ê$n ‘| ¶h H$hm Om gH$Vm
h¡ {H$ ¶{X {H$gr narjU H$mo EH$ hr g‘yh na AbJ-AbJ g‘¶ na àem{gV
{H$¶m OmE Am¡a g‘yh Ûmam àmá A§H$ bJ^J g‘mZ AmVo ah|, Vmo narjU
{dídgZr¶Vm H$hm Om gHo$Jm& ¶{X g‘yh Ûmam àmá A§H$ AbJ-AbJ Adgam|
na AbJ-AbJ hm|Jo, Vmo narjU {dídgZr¶ Zht hmoJm&
17.14.1 {dídgZr¶Vm H$s {deofVmE±
{dídgZr¶Vm H$s Hw$N> à‘wI {deofVmE± {ZåZ{b{IV h¡-
1. {dídgZr¶Vm narjU Ho$ n[aUm‘m| go gå~pÝYV h¡ AWm©V²
{dídgZr¶Vm H$m gå~ÝY ‘yë¶m§H$Z Ho$ CnH$aU Ûmam àmá n[aUm‘m|
go h¡ Z {H$ CnH$aU go&
2. {dígZr¶Vm, d¡YVm Ho$ {bE Amdí¶H$ hmoVr h¡ ¶h BgH$m EH$
{ZYm©aH$ VËd h¡, {H$ÝVw ¶h A{Zdm¶© eV© Zht ho& AWm©V² {H$gr
A{YH$ {dídgZr¶ narjU H$m A{YH$ d¡Y hmoVm Amdí¶H$ Zht h¡&
3. {dígZr¶Vm EH$ gm§p»¶H$s¶ {díbofU h¡& Bg‘| Xmo ~ma àem{gV
{H$¶o J¶o narjU Ho$ àmám§H$ ‘| ghgå~ÝY kmZ {X¶m OmVm h¡& ¶h
ghgå~ÝY JwUm§H$ H$m ‘yë¶ hr {dígZr¶Vm JwUm§H$ hmoVm h¡&
4. narjU Ho$ àmám§H$ H$s {dídgZr¶Vm H$mo ‘mnZ H$s Ìw{Q> H$‘ H$aHo$ ¶m
narjU A{dídgZrV¶m Ho$ H$maUm| H$mo Xÿa H$aHo$ ~‹T>m¶m Om gH$Vm h¡&
17.14.2 {dídgZr¶Vm H$mo à^m{dV H$aZo dmbo H$maH$
narjU H$s {dídgZr¶Vm H$mo à^m{dV H$aZo dmbo à‘wI H$maH$ {ZåZ{b{IV h¡-
1. narjU H$s bå~mB©
¶hm°§ na narjU H$s bå~mB© H$m VmËn¶© nXm| H$s g§»¶m go h¡& ¶{X narjU ‘|
A{YH$ nX h¢ Vmo h‘ H$h gH$Vo h¢ {H$ Cg narjU H$s bå~mB© A{YH$ h¡ Am¡a
¶{X narjU ‘| nXm| H$s g§»¶m H$‘ h¡ Vmo CgH$s bå~mB© H$‘ hmoJr& narjU H$s
bå~mB© H$m à^md narjU H$s {dídgZr¶Vm na ^r n‹S>Vm h¡& ¶{X {H$gr narjU
‘| nXm| H$s g§»¶m A{YH$ h¡ AWm©V² CgH$s bå~mB© A{YH$ h¡ Vmo Cg narjU ‘|
A{YH$ {dídgZr¶Vm hmoJr Am¡a narjU ‘| nXm| H$s g§»¶m H$‘ h¡ AWm©V² CgH$s
bå~mB© H$‘ h¡ Vmo dh narjU AnojmH¥$V H$‘ {dídgZr¶ hmoJm& narjU H$s
bå~mB© A{YH$ hmoZo go ‘mnZ H$s A³ga Ìw{Q>¶m± H$‘ hmoVr h¢, narjU A{YH$
à{V{Z{YH$mar hmoVm h¡ VWm narjU-ewÕVm go ì¶p³V H$s {deofVmAm| H$m ‘mnZ
H$aVm h¡& ¶hr H$maU h¡ {H$ {Z~§YmË‘H$ narjmAm| H$s Anojm dñVw{ZîR> narjm
A{YH$ {dídgZr¶ hmoVr h¡ ³¶m|{H$ {Z~§YmË‘H$ narjm ‘| nXm| H$s g§»¶m ‘H$
hmoVr h¡ VWm dñVw{ZîR> narjm ‘| nXm| H$s g§»¶m A{YH$ hmoVr h¡&
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
àJʶ CnbpãY narjU H$m {Z‘m©U
2. ’$bm§H$ àgma
{H$gr narjU Ho$ ’$bm§H$ àgma ^r narjU Ho$ {dídgZr¶Vm JwUm§H$ H$mo
à^m{dV H$aVo h¢& ¶{X {H$gr narjU Ho$ ’$bm§H$m| H$m àgma A{YH$ hmoJm Vmo
CgH$m {dídgZr¶Vm-JwUm§H$ ^r A{YH$ hmoJm Am¡a AJa narjU H$m ’$bm§H$-
àgma H$‘ hmoJm Vmo CgH$m {dídgZr¶Vm-JwUm§H$ ^r H$‘ hmoJm& CXmhaUmW©,
EH$ narjU H$m ’$bm§H$-àgma 17 go 50 h¡ VWm Aݶ Xÿgao narjU H$m
’$bm§H$-àgma 33 go 100 h¡ Vmo nhbo narjU H$s Anojm Xÿgao narjU H$m
{dídgZr¶Vm JwUm§H$ A{YH$ hmoJm ³¶m|{H$ Xÿgao narjU H$m ’$bm§H$-àgma
nhbo narjU H$s Anojm A{YH$ h¡&
3. g‘yh àgma
narjU H$s {dídgZr¶Vm H$mo à^m{dV H$aZo dmbm Vrgam ‘hÎdnyU© H$maH$
g‘yh H$m àgma h¡& {Og narjU H$m {dídgZr¶Vm-JwUm§H$ kmV H$aZm h¡
Cg narjU H$mo ¶{X ~‹S>o g‘yh na àem{gV {H$¶m OmE Vmo Cg narjU
H$m {dídgZr¶Vm JwUm§H$ A{YH$ AmEJm Am¡a AJa narjU H$mo N>moQ>o g‘yh
na àem{gV {H$¶m OmEJm Vmo narjU H$m {dídgZr¶Vm JwUm§H$ H$‘ AmEJm&
BgHo$ A{V[a³V {Og g‘yh na narjU àem{gV {H$¶m Om ahm h¡ dh g‘yh
¶{X {dOmVr¶ h¡ AWm©V² Cg g‘yh ‘| AbJ-AbJ ¶mo½¶Vm Ho$ N>mÌ A{YH$
h¢ Vmo narjU H$m {dídgZr¶Vm JwUm§H$ H$‘ hmoJm& BgHo$ {dnarV g‘yh ¶{X
gOmVr¶ h¡ AWm©V² g‘yh ‘| EH$ hr ¶mo½¶Vm Ho$ N>mÌ A{YH$ h¢ Vmo narjU H$m
{dídgZr¶Vm JwUm§H$ AnojmH¥$V A{YH$ hmoJm&
4. Am¶w àgma
g‘yh Ho$ N>mÌm| H$s Am¶w ^r narjU Ho$ {dídgZr¶Vm-JwUm§H$ H$mo à^m{dV H$aVr
h¡& narjU Ho$ {OVZo A{YH$ Am¶w-àgma dmbo g‘yh na àem{gV {H$¶m OmVm
h¡ Cg narjU H$m {dídgZr¶Vm-JwUm§H$ CVZm hr A{YH$ hmoJm VWm narjU
H$mo {OVZo H$‘ Am¶w-àgma dmbo g‘yh na àem{gV {H$¶m OmVm h¡ Cg narjU
H$m {dídgZr¶Vm-JwUm§H$ CVZm hr H$‘ hmoJm& CXmhaUmW©E EH$ narjU 12
go 16 df© H$s Am¶w dmbo N>mÌm| Ho$ g‘yh na àem{gV {H$¶m OmVm h¡, Vmo àW‘
narjU H$m {dídgZr¶Vm-JwUm§H$ AnojmH¥$V A{YH$ hmoJm ³¶m|{H$ Bg‘| A{YH$
Am¶w àgma dmbo N>mÌ h¢& BgH$m H$maU ¶h h¡ {H$ H$‘ Am¶w Ho$ N>mÌm| H$s g‘P
A{YH$ Am¶w dmbo N>mÌm| go H$‘ hmoVr h¡ Am¡a do AZw‘mZ go H$m‘ boVo h¢ VWm
AZw‘mZ H$s g§^mdZm A{YH$ hmoZo go narjU ‘| A{dídgZr¶Vm AmVr h¡&
5. AZw‘mZ bJmZm d g§¶moJ H$m à^md
¶{X {H$gr narjU Ho$ nXm| H$mo hb H$aZo Ho$ {bE AZw‘mZ Ho$ Adga A{YH$
hm|Jo Vmo narjU H$m {dídgZr¶Vm-JwUm§H$ H$‘ AmEJm Am¡a ¶{X narjU Ho$
nXm| H$mo hb H$aZo Ho$ {bE AZw‘mZ Ho$ Adga H$‘ hm|Jo Vmo narjU H$m
{dídgZr¶Vm-JwUm§H$ A{YH$ AmEJm& ~hþ{dH$ën nXm| H$mo AZw‘mZ go ghr
H$aZo H$s g§^mdZm H$‘ hmoVr h¡& ~hþ{dH$ën nXm| ‘| {dH$ënm| H$s g§»¶m {OVZr
A{YH$ hmoJr, AZw‘mZ go CÎma XoZo H$s g§^mdZm CVZr hr H$‘ hmoJr& O~{H$
hm±/Zht ¶m g˶/Ag˶ àH$ma Ho$ nXm| ‘| nMmg à{VeV nXm| H$mo AZw‘mZ go
ghr H$aZo H$s g§^mdZm ahVr h¡ ¶hr H$maU h¡ {H$ ~hþ{dH$ën nXm| H$mo CÎm‘
‘mZm OmVm h¡& AZw‘mZ H$s g§^mdZm A{YH$ hmoZo go narjU ‘| A{dídgZr¶Vm
AmVr h¡&
n¥îR> 343
6. àemgZ H$s n[apñW{V¶m± Ed§ ’$bm§H$ JwUm§H$
narjU XoZo H$s n[apñW{V¶m± VWm A§H$Z H$s à{H«$¶m ^r narjU Ho$ {dídgZr¶Vm-
JwUm§H$ H$mo à^m{dV H$aVr h¢& N>mÌm| H$mo narjU XoZo H$s n[apñW{V¶m| ‘| ¶{X
g‘mZVm Zht h¡ ¶m n[apñW{V¶m| ‘| {df‘Vm hmoJr Vmo ’$bm§H$m| ‘| AÝVa AmEJm
Am¡a narjU H$s {dídgZr¶Vm ^r H$‘ hmo OmEJr& BgHo$ A{V[a³V N>mÌm| H$s
CÎma-nwpñVH$mAm| Ho$ A§H$Z H$s à{H«$¶m dñVw{ZîR> hmoZr Mm{hE AWm©V² ¶{X
N>mÌ {H$gr àíZ H$m CÎma ghr XoVm h¡ Vmo A§H$ àXmZ {H$¶o OmE± Am¡a JbV
CÎma XoZo na eyݶ {X¶m OmE& Am§{eH$ ê$n go {H$gr àíZ H$m CÎma ghr H$aZo
na A§H$ XoZo H$m àmdYmZ Z aIm OmE& ¶{X Am§{eH$ ghr CÎma na A§H$ {X¶m
J¶m Vmo narjU H$s {dídgZr¶Vm H$‘ hmoJr&
17.14.3 {dídgZr¶Vm ‘| d¥{Õ H$aZo Ho$ Cnm¶
{dídgZr¶Vm EH$ gmno{jH$ eãX hmoVm h¡& AV… CgH$s d¥{Õ Vmo H$s hr Om
gH$Vr h¢, bo{H$Z Cgo nyU© Zht ~Zm¶m Om gH$Vm h¡& S>Jbg Ed§ hm°b¡ÊS> Ho$
AZwgma Cg‘| d¥{Õ H$aZo Ho$ {bE {ZåZ{b{IV Cnm¶ bm^àX {gÕ hmo gH$Vo
h¢-
1. narjU bå~m hmoZm Mm{hE, Vm{H$ Cg‘| {df¶ ¶m nmR²>¶H«$‘ H$s
bJ^J g^r ~mVm| H$m g‘mdoe hmo OmE&
2. narjU Ho$ àíZ N>moQ>o hmoZo Mm{hE, Vm{H$ CZHo$ CÎma erK«Vm VWm
gabVm go {XE Om gH|$&
3. narjU Ho$ àíZ H$s aMZm Bg Vah H$s OmZr Mm{hE {H$ CZHo$ CÎma
{M• ~ZmH$a g§»¶m {bIH$a ¶m EH$-Xmo eãX Ho$ Ûmam {XE Om gH|$&
4. narjU Ho$ àíZ Eogo hmoZo Mm{hE {H$ CZHo$ CÎma ¶m Vmo {ZpíMV ê$n
go ghr hmo ¶m JbV hmo&
5. narjU ‘| àíZm| H$s g§»¶m A{YH$ hmoZr Mm{hE, Vm{H$ AZw‘m{ZV
CÎmam| Ho$ H$maU CgH$s {dídgZr¶Vm na H$‘ à^md n‹S>o& CXmhaUmW©
AJa narjU ‘| Ho$db 10 àíZ h¡, Vmo ~mbH$ CZ‘| go 3 ¶m 4 H$m
AZw‘mZ go CÎma XoH$a CgH$s {dídgZr¶Vm H$mo H$‘ H$a gH$Vo h¢&
BgHo$ {dnarV AJa àíZm| H$s g§»¶m 100 h¡, Vmo AZw‘m{ZV CÎmam|
H$m {dídgZr¶Vm na VwbZmË‘H$ à^md ~hþV H$‘ n‹S>Vm h¡&
6. narjU H$m g‘¶, XemE± VWm {ZX}e {~ëHw$b ñnîQ> ê$n ‘| A§{H$V
hmoZo Mm{hE&
7. EH$ hr narjU EH$ hr H$jm Ho$ ~mbH$m| H$mo Xmo ~ma XoZm Mm{hE& XmoZm|
~ma Ho$ n[aUm‘m| ‘| {OVZr A{YH$ g‘mZVm hmoVr h¡, narjU CVZm
hr A{YH$ {dídgZr¶ hmoVm h¡&
8. EH$ hr narjU H$mo Xmo g‘mZ H$jmAm| ¶m g‘yhm| Ho$ ~mbH$m| H$mo XoZm
Mm{hE& XmoZm| g‘yhm| Ho$ n[aUm‘m| ‘| {OVZr A{YH$ g‘mZVm hmoVr h¡,
narjU CVZm hr A{YH$ {dídgZr¶ hmoVm h¡&
{ZîH$f© Ho$ ê$n ‘| h‘ Eo{bg Ho$ eãXm| ‘| H$h gH$Vo h¢ {H$-
{dídgZr¶Vm, narjU-gm‘J«r Ho$ {ddoH$nyU© M¶Z na Am¡a {deof ê$n go narjU
H$s bå~mB© na ^r {Z^©a ahVr h¡& ¶{X Aݶ ~mV| g‘mZ h¢, Vmo narjU {OVZm bå~m
hmoVm h¡, CVZm hr A{YH$ {dídgZr¶ hmoVm h¡&&
*******
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
n¥îR> 344 CnbpãY narjU H$m {Z‘m©U àJʶ
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&

Aä¶mgmW© àíZ 9. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| H$m¡Zgm dñVw{ZîR> àíZ h¡?

(1) {Z~ÝYmË‘H$ àíZ (2) bKwÎmamË‘H$ àíZ
(3) ‘w³V CÎma dmbm àíZ (4) g˶ ¶m Ag˶

10. ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$m ‘w»¶ CÔoí¶ hmoZm Mm{hE-

1. CnbpãY narjU ‘mn h¡-
(1) {ejm{W©¶m| H$s Cnb{ãY H$mo ‘mnZm
(1) ~w{Õ H$m (2) ‘mZ{gH$ ¶mo½¶Vm H$m
(2) ¶h {ZU©¶ boZm {H$ ³¶m {dÚmWu H$mo AJbr H$jm ‘| àmoÝZV {H$¶m
(3) kmZ H$m (4) emar[aH$ j‘Vm H$m
OmZm Mm{hE&
2. {dÚm{W©¶m| Ho$ {bE CnbpãY narjm H$m g~go AÀN>m VarH$m h¡- (3) grIZo ‘| hmoZo dmbr H${‘¶m| H$m {ZXmZ Am¡a CnMma H$aZm
(1) dm{f©H$ narjm (2) AÕ©dm{f©H$ narjm (4) {ejm{W©¶m| H$s Ìw{Q>¶m± {ZH$mbZm
(3) Amd{YH$ narjm (4) ‘m{gH$ narjm
11. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgm aMZmË‘H$ AmH$bZ Ho$ {bE C{MV CnH$aU
3. N>mÌ H$s CnbpãY Ho$ ‘yë¶m§H$Z Ho$ {bE g~go ~ohVa VarH$m ³¶m hmo Zht h¢?
gH$Vm h¡? (1) ‘m¡{IH$ àíZ (2) gÌ narjm
(1) àmßVm§H$m| Ho$ AmYma na loUr àXmZ H$aZm& (3) àíZmoÎmar Am¡a Iob (4) XÎm H$m¶©
(2) J«oqS>J nÕ{V H$m à¶moJ
12. g¥OZmË‘H$ CÎmam| Ho$ {bE Amdí¶H$ h¡-
(3) VwbZmË‘H$ ‘yë¶m§H$Z
(1) {df¶-dñVw na AmYm[aV àíZ
(4) Cnamo³V g^r
(2) ‘w³V-CÎma dmbo àíZ
4. CnbpãY narjU ‘| {ZåZm§{H$V ‘| {H$g Vah H$s d¡YVm H$s Oê$aV (3) EH$ A˶ÝV AZwem{gV H$jm
g~go A{YH$ n‹S>Vr h¡? (4) à˶j {ejU Ed§ à˶j àíZ
(1) AÝV{d©f¶ d¡YVm (2) g‘dVu d¡YVm
13. {ejm{W©¶m| H$mo ........... Ho$ {bE àmoËgm{hV Zhr§ H$aZm Mm{hE&
(3) ^{dî¶dmMr d¡YVm (4) aMZmË‘H$ d¡YVm
(1) g‘yh H$m¶© ‘| Xÿgao {ejm{W©¶m| Ho$ gmW g{H«$¶ ê$n go AÝV…{H«$¶m H$aZo
5. àíZ hmoZo Mm{hE- (2) A{YH$ go A{YH$ nmR²>¶ ghJm‘r {H«$¶mAm| ‘| {hñgm boZo
(1) ñnîQ> (2) CÔoí¶nyU© (3) {ejH$ Omo àíZ nyN> gH$Vo h¢, CZ g^r àíZm| Ho$ CÎma ¶mX H$aZo
(3) {ZpíMV CÎma dmbo (4) ¶o g^r (4) H$jm Ho$ AÝXa Am¡a ~mha A{YH$ go A{YH$ àíZ nyN>Zo

6. narjm ‘| {dÚm{W©¶m| go {H$g àH$ma Ho$ àíZ nyN>Zo Mm{hE? 14. dV©‘mZ g‘¶ ‘| gVV² Ed§ ì¶mnH$ ‘yë¶m§H$Z Ho$ AÝVJ©V J«oS>m| ‘| A§H$mo§
(1) ñ‘¥{V Ed g‘P AmYm[aV H$m {dVaU {H$¶m OmVm h¡& Bg àUmbr ‘| {H$VZo à{VeV A§H$ àmá
(2) dñVw{ZîR> Ed§ {df¶JV H$aZo dmbo N>mÌ H$mo ~hþV AÀN>m ¶m ~r J«oS> Ho$ AÝVJ©V aIm OmVm h¡?
(3) g‘P Ed§ AZwà¶moJ AmYm[aV (1) 90%-100%
(4) Ho$db dñVw{ZîR> (2) 56%-74%
(3) 75%-89%
7. {dÚmb¶ AmYm[aV AmH$bZ- (4) 35%-55%
(1) {ejm{W©¶m| Am¡a {ejH$m| H$mo AJå^ra Am¡a bmnadmh ~ZmVm h¡&
(2) {ejm-~moS>© H$s Odm~Xohr H$‘ H$a XoVm h¡& 15. dV©‘mZ g‘¶ ‘| gVV² Ed§ ì¶mnH$ ‘yë¶m§H$Z Ho$ AÝVJ©V J«oS>m| ‘| A§H$mo§
(3) gmd©^m¡{‘H$ amîQ´>r¶ ‘mZH$m| H$s àm{ßV ‘| ~mYm CËnÝZ H$aVm h¡& H$m {dVaU {H$¶m OmVm h¡& Bg àUmbr ‘| {H$VZo à{VeV A§H$ àmßV
(4) n[a{MV dmVmdaU ‘| A{YH$ grIZo ‘| g^r {ejm{W©¶m| H$s ‘XX H$aVm h¡& H$aZo dmbo N>mÌ H$mo gdm}ËH¥$îQ> ¶m E+ J«oS> Ho$ AÝVJ©V aIm OmVm h¡?
(1) 90%-100% (2) 56%-74%
8. O~ ~ÀMm ’o$b hmoVm h¡, Vmo BgH$m VmËn¶© h¡ {H$- (3) 75%-89% (4) 35%-55%
(1) ~ÀMm n‹T>mB© Ho$ {bE ¶mo½¶ Zht h¡&
(2) ~ÀMo Zo CÎmam| H$mo ghr VarHo$ go ¶mX Zht {H$¶m h¡& 16. ~ÀMo Ho$ ‘yë¶m§H$Z Ho$ {bE àíZ EH$ AÀN>m VarH$m h¡, {H$ÝVw àíZ
(3) ~ÀMo H$mo àmBdoQ> Q²>¶yeZ boZr Mm{hE Wr& nyN>Vo g‘¶ Bg ~mV H$m ܶmZ aIm OmZm Amdí¶H$ h¡ {H$ Bg‘| EH$
(4) ì¶dñWm ’o$b hþB© h¡& AÀN>o àíZ H$s A{YH$Va {deofVmE± Adí¶ hmo& EH$ AÀN>o àíZ H$s

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16.

(3) (4) (2) (1) (4) (3) (4) (4) (4) (1) (2) (2) (3) (2) (1) (4)
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
àJʶ CnbpãY narjU H$m {Z‘m©U n¥îR> 345

{deofVm h¡- 24. {Z~ÝYmË‘H$ àíZm| Ho$ Ûmam {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go {H$g j‘Vm H$m ‘yë¶m§H$Z
(1) ¶h CÔoí¶ na AmYm[aV hmoZm Mm{hE& gå^d Zht h¡?
(2) àíZ narjU {H$E OmZo dmbo {df¶ joÌ go gå~pÝYV hmoZm Mm{hE& (1) A{O©V kmZ go g§JV V϶ H$m M¶Z H$aZm&
(3) àíZ ‘| CÎma H$s gr‘m Am¡a joÌ H$m CëboI {H$¶m OmZm Mm{hE& (2) ñWyb Ed§ gyú‘ XmoZm| ñVam| na g‘ñ¶m H$mo g‘PmZm&
(4) Cnamo³V g^r (3) {dÚmWu H$m ^mfU H$m¡eb
(4) g‘ñ¶m Am¡a ‘wÔo Ho$ à{V AmÝV[aH$ A{^d¥{Îm H$m àXe©Z H$aZm&
17. àíZm| Ho$ H$B© àH$ma hmoVo h¢& nm¡Yo Ed§ OmZdam| ‘| Mma AÝVa ~VmBE&
¶h àíZ {H$g àH$ma Ho$ àíZ H$m CXmhaU h¡? 25. AmnH$mo {H$gr N>mÌ Ho$ ~mao ‘| ¶h ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$aZm h¡ {H$ dh Xr JB©
(1) bKwÎmamË‘H$ àíZ (2) dñVw{ZîR> àíZ g‘ñ¶m Ho$ ~mao ‘| AnZo ì¶p³VJV Am¡a ‘yb ÑpîQ>H$moU H$mo 춳V H$a
(3) A{V bKwÎmamË‘H$ àíZ (4) Cnamo³V ‘| go H$moB© Zht nmVm h¡ ¶m Zht& BgHo$ {bE Amn {H$g àH$ma Ho$ àíZm| H$m {Z‘m©U
H$a|Jo?
18. M¶Z àH$ma Ho$ g^r àíZ .......... àH$ma Ho$ àíZ hr hmoVo h¢&
(1) A{V bKwÎmamË‘H$ àíZ (2) {Z~ÝYmË‘H$ àíZ
(1) dñVw{ZîR> (2) bKwÎmamË‘H$
(3) dñVw{ZîR> àíZ (4) bKwÎmamË‘H$ àíZ
(3) A{V bKwÎmamË‘H$ (4) {Z~ÝYmË‘H$
26. ì¶mdhm[aH$ ê$n go aMZmË‘H$ ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$m AW© Zht h¡-
19. g˶/Ag˶, ghr/JbV Ed§ hm±/Zht CÎma XoZo dmbo àíZ {H$g
(1) ¶h {dídmg H$aZm {H$ à˶oH$ {dÚmWu H$mo gwYmaZo Ho$ {bE {ejH$ H$s
àH$ma Ho$ àíZm| Ho$ CXmhaU h¢? ^y{‘H$m gdm©{YH$ Amdí¶H$ h¡&
(1) {‘bmZ àH$ma Ho$ àíZ
(2) ’$sS>~¡H$ ‘wh¡¶m H$aZm, Omo {dÚm{W©¶m| H$mo g‘PZo ‘| Am¡a AJbo H$X‘
(2) ~hþd¡H$pënH$ àíZ
CR>mZo ‘| ghm¶Vm H$aVm h¡&
(3) d¡H$pënH$ CÎma dmbo àíZ
(3) {ejm-àm{ßV Ho$ bú¶ {dÚm{W©¶m| Ho$ gmW ~m±Q>Zm
(4) Cnamo³V ‘| go H$moB© Zht
(4) ñd-{ZYm©aU ‘| {dÚm{W©¶m| H$mo em{‘b H$aZm&
20. AmOH$b Bg ~mV na A{YH$ Omoa {X¶m OmVm h¡ {H$ N>mÌm| ‘| {df¶- 27. ............ ‘yë¶m§H$Z Ho$ AÝVJ©V {ejH$m| H$mo {d{^ÝZ VarHo$ BñVo‘mb
dñVw H$mo aQ>Zo H$s àd¥{Îm H$mo H$‘ H$aZo Ho$ {bE àíZm| H$m {Z‘m©U {H$¶m H$aZo Mm{hE, ³¶m|{H$ ........... {df¶ joÌm| ‘| {ejm àm{ßV Am¡a {dH$mg
OmE& {H$g àH$ma Ho$ àíZm| go ~mbH$m| ‘| aQ>Zo H$s àd¥{Îm H$mo ~‹T>mdm Ho$ nhbwAm| H$m ........... {H$¶m OmZm hmoVm h¡-
{‘bVm h¡? (1) gmam§emË‘H$; Hw$N>; {Zê$nU
(1) A{V bKwÎmamË‘H$ àíZ (2) dñVw{ZîR> àíZ (2) aMZmË‘H$; {d{^ÝZ; ‘yë¶m§H$Z
(3) {Z~ÝYmË‘H$ àíZ (4) {‘bmZ àH$ma Ho$ àíZ (3) gmam§emË‘H$; {d{^ÝZ; dU©Z
(4) aMZmË‘H$; Hw$N>; dU©Z
21. O~ narjm{W©¶m| H$s g§»¶m A{YH$ hmo, Vmo {H$g àH$ma Ho$ àíZm| Ûmam
CZH$m ‘yë¶m§H$Z {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡? 28. ........... ‘yë¶m§H$Z ........... ‘wh¡¶m H$aVm h¡, Omo {dÚmWu H$mo {ejm-
(1) A{V bKwÎmamË‘H$ àíZ (2) dñVw{ZîR> àíZ àm{ßV ........... H$mo g‘PZo Am¡a CÝh| ........... H$aZo ‘| ghm¶Vm
(3) {Z~ÝYmË‘H$ àíZ (4) bKwÎmamË‘H$ àíZ
XoVm h¡&
22. ^mfm H$s narjm ‘| eãX, nX~ÝY, dm³¶, Ab§H$ma B˶m{X H$s Om±M (1) gmam§emË‘H$; gw{dYmE±; H$s Ìw{Q>¶m|; àmßV
(2) aMZmË‘H$; gw{dYmE±; Ho$ CÔoí¶m|; àmßV
Ho$ {bE {H$g àH$ma Ho$ àíZm| H$m à¶moJ gdm©{YH$ Cn¶w³V hmoVm h¡?
(3) gmam§emË‘H$; ’$sS>~¡H$; Ho$ CÔoí¶m|; àmßV
(1) A{V bKwÎmamË‘H$ àíZ
(4) aMZmË‘H$; ’$sS>~¡H$; H$s Ìw{Q>¶m|; Xÿa
(2) dñVw{ZîR> àíZ
(3) {Z~ÝYmË‘H$ àíZ 29. Amn EH$ {ejH$ Ho$ ê$n ‘| {dÚmWu Ho$ kmZ Ho$ {d{^ÝZ nhbwAm| Ho$ ~rM
(4) ¶o g^r
CZH$s nhMmZ H$aZo Am¡a CZHo$ Amng H$m gå~ÝY {ZYm©[aV H$aZo H$r
23. N>mÌm| Ho$ ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$o {bE nyaH$ àH$ma Ho$ àíZ nyN>o OmVo h¢& nyaH$ ¶mo½¶Vm H$s Om±M H$aZm MmhVo h¢& BgHo$ {bE AmnH$mo {H$g n«H$ma Ho$
àH$ma Ho$ àíZ h¢- àíZm| H$m {Z‘m©U H$aZm Mm{hE?
(1) A{V bKwÎmamË‘H$ àíZ (2) dñVw{ZîR> àíZ (1) {Z~ÝYmË‘H$ (2) A{V bKwÎmamË‘H$
(3) {Z~ÝYmË‘H$ àíZ (4) ¶o g^r (3) dñVw{ZîR> (4) {‘bmZ dmbo àíZ

17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29.
(1) (1) (3) (3) (2) (4) (4) (2) (2) (1) (2) (4) (1)
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
n¥îR> 346 CnbpãY narjU H$m {Z‘m©U àJʶ
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
30. {dÚm{W©¶m| H$m$ ghr ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$aZo dmbo AÀN>o àíZ-nÌ ‘| 37. ~mbH$ H$s ê${M H$m narjU ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$s H$m¡Zgr {d{Y h¡?
{ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgr {deofVm hmoZr Mm{hE? (1) gm‘y{hH$ narjm (2) gm‘϶© narjU
1. d¡YVm 2. {dídgZr¶Vm (3) d¡¶p³VH$ narjm (4) àjonU {d{Y
3. dñVw{ZîRVm 4. ì¶mnH$Vm
(1) 1 Am¡a 2 (2) 1 Am¡a 3 38. O~ {H$gr narjm Ho$ ~ma-~ma A§H$Z H$aZo na H$moB© AÝVa Zht AmVm,
(3) 1,2 Am¡a 3 (4) Cnamo³V g^r Vmo dh narjm H$hbm¶oJr-
(1) d¡Y (2) {dídgZr¶
31. àíZ-nÌ H$s d¡YVm H$m ³¶m VmËn¶© h¡? (3) ì¶mnH$ (4) dñVw{ZîR>
(1) ‘yë¶m§H$Z Ho$ n[aUm‘m| ‘| EH$ê$nVm hmo&
(2) Bggo {dÚmWu Ho$ Cgr JwU H$m ‘yë¶m§H$Z hmo, {OgHo$ {bE Cgo à¶moJ 39. ¶{X H$moB© narjU {d{^ÝZ Adgam| na g§JV (EH$ àH$ma) n[aUm‘ XoVm
‘| bm¶m Om ahm h¡& h¡, Vmo Bgo H$hVo h¢-
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$
(3) àíZ-nÌ Ho$ àíZm| ‘| ì¶mnH$Vm hmo& (1) d¡Y narjU
H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU
(4) àíZ-nÌ ‘| dñVw{ZîR>Vm hmo& (2) AܶmnH$ {Z{‘©V narjU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr
(3) {dídgZr¶ narjU h¡ {H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s
32. àíZ-nÌ H$s {dídgZr¶Vm H$m ³¶m VmËn¶© h¡? (4) Cnamo³V ‘| go H$moB© Zht PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ>
(1) ‘yë¶m§H$Z Ho$ n[aUm‘m| ‘| EH$ê$nVm hmo& www.praganya.org
(2) Bggo {dÚmWu Ho$ Cgr JwU H$m ‘yë¶m§H$Z hmo, {OgHo$ {bE Cgo à¶moJ 40. àíZ-nÌ CÎm‘ hmoVo h¢- go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
‘| bm¶m Om ahm h¡& (1) N>moQ>o, gab Ed§ VH©$¶w³V
(3) àíZ-nÌ Ho$ àíZm| ‘| ì¶mnH$Vm hmo& (2) ~‹S>o, H${R>Z Ed§ {Û-AWu
(4) àíZ-nÌ ‘| dñVw{ZîR>Vm hmo& (3) N>moQ>o, H${R>Z Ed§ Ag§JV
(4) ~‹S>o, gab Ed§ VH©$g§JV ~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg
33. àíZ-nÌ H$m ghr ê$n h¡- nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m
(1) nhbo AmgmZ Am¡a ~mX ‘| H${R>Z àíZ 41. ãby-{àÝQ> h¡- h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ>
(2) H${R>Z Am¡a AmgmZ H$m AZwnmV ~am~a (1) àíZ-nÌ H$s AmYma{ebm www.praganya.org
na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF
(3) àíZ-nÌ Eogm hmo {H$ g^r ~ÀMo nmg hmo OmE& (2) {ejU H$s AmYma{ebm S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
(4) AmgmZ Am¡a H${R>Z ~mar-~mar go (3) {dÚmb¶ H$s AmYma{ebm
(4) BZ‘| go H$moB© Zht
34. EH$ AÀN>r narjm Ho$ VrZ ‘hÎdnyU© JwU h¢-
(1) ì¶mnH$Vm, ‘yë¶m§H$Z Am¡a ì¶mdhm[aH$Vm 42. {ejU Ho$ ‘yë¶m§H$Z MaU H$m ܶo¶ h¡-
(2) d¡YVm, ì¶mnH$Vm Am¡a ‘yë¶m§H$Z (1) ¶h OmZZm {H$ CÔoí¶ H$hm± VH$ àmßV hþE h¢&
(3) d¡YVm, ì¶mdhm[aH$Vm Am¡a ‘yë¶m§H$Z (2) AܶmnH$ H$s H${‘¶m| H$mo OmZZm&
(4) BZ‘| go H$moB© Zht (3) {ejU aUZr{V¶m| H$s à^mderbVm H$mo OmZZm&
(4) Cnamo³V g^r
35. àíZm| H$m dh ñdê$n, {Og‘| ñdVÝÌ A{^ì¶p³V H$mo Adga Zht
{‘bVm- 43. H$jm ‘| àñVmdZm àíZ nyN>Zm {ejU Ho$ {H$g gyÌ na AmYm[aV h¡?
(1) dñVw{ZîR> àíZ (1) Ñí¶ go AÑí¶ H$s Amoa
(2) bKwÎmamË‘H$ àíZ (2) AmgmZ go H${R>Z H$s Amoa
(3) {Z~ÝYmË‘H$ àíZ (3) kmV go AkmV H$s Amoa
(4) A{V bKwÎmamË‘H$ àíZ (4) ‘yV© go A‘yV© H$s Amoa

36. narjU {ejU Ho$ {bE h¡, {ejU narjU Ho$ {bE Zht& ¶h ‘yë¶m§H$Z 44. dñVw{ZîR> narjU do hmoVo h¢, {OZ‘|-
H$m bú¶ h¡- (1) narjm{W©¶m| H$mo ~hþ{dH$ënr¶ àíZ {X¶o OmVo h¢&
(1) g§Hw${MV (2) ì¶mnH$ (2) narjH$ H$s AnZr gmoM A§H$m| H$mo à^m{dV Zht H$aVr&
(3) gr{‘V (4) Cnamo³V g^r (3) narjmWu 100% A§H$ bm gH$Vm h¡&
(4) Cnamo³V g^r

30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44.
(3) (2) (1) (1) (3) (1) (2) (3) (2) (1) (1) (1) (4) (3) (4)
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
àJʶ CnbpãY narjU H$m {Z‘m©U n¥îR> 347

45. {Z~ÝYmË‘H$ narjUm| Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘| {ZåZ ‘| go H$m¡Zgm H$WZ g˶ 51. {Z~ÝYmË‘H$ àíZ hmoVo h¢-
h¡? (1) {dídgZr¶ (2) d¡Y
(1) H$^r-H$^r N>mÌ ¶h g‘P hr Zht nmVo {H$ CZgo àíZ ‘| nyN>m ³¶m (3) dñVw{ZîR> (4) ì¶p³V{ZîR>
J¶m h¡&
(2) BZ narjUm| Ho$ ‘mܶ‘ go N>mÌm| H$s g§JR>ZmË‘H$ j‘Vm VWm Vm{H©$H$ 52. dñVw{ZîR> àíZm| ‘|-
{ddaU ep³V H$m ‘yë¶m§H$Z {H$¶m OmVm h¡& (1) {dídgZr¶Vm hmoVr h¡&
(3) N>mÌ nyao nmR²>¶H«$‘ go Hw$N> AÝXmOm bJm¶o OmZo dmbo àíZm| H$s V¡¶mar (2) d¡YVm H$m A^md hmoVm h¡&
H$a Ho$ narjm Xo XoVo h¡§& (3) dñVw{ZîR>Vm H$m A^md hmoVm h¡&
(4) Cnamo³V g^r (4) ì¶p³V{ZîR>Vm H$m JwU hmoVm h¡&

46. ghr-JbV dmbo àíZ ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$m ghr ‘mZXÊS> Zht àXmZ H$a 53. ‘m¡{IH$ ‘yë¶m§H$Z Ûmam {Og CÔoí¶ H$s Om±M H$aZm gå^d Zhr§ h¡,
gH$Vo, ³¶m|{H$- dh h¡-
(1) Bg‘§o N>mÌm| Ûmam AÝXmOm bJmH$a CÎma XoZo H$s gå^mdZm 50% hmoVr (1) kmZ (2) Ad~moYZ
h¡& (3) kmZmon¶moJ (4) H$m¡eb
(2) BZ àíZm| H$m CÎma XoZo Ho$ {bE JhZ Aܶ¶Z H$s Amdí¶H$Vm Zht 54. g§M¶r à‘mU ‘XX H$aVm h¡-
hmoVr& (1) Z¡{VH$Vm H$m ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$aZo ‘|
(3) Bg‘| ZH$b H$aHo$ dmñV{dH$ CnbpãY ~‹T>m¶r Om gH$Vr h¡& (2) {dÚmWu Ho$ {ejm Ho$ joÌ ‘| ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$aZo ‘|
(4) Cnamo³V g^r (3) H$jm ‘| AZwemgZ ~Zm¶o aIZo ‘|
47. ~hþ{dH$ënr¶ àíZ ghr-JbV àíZm| go loîR> h¡, ³¶m|{H$- (4) {dÚmWu Ho$ {dH$mg H$m ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$aZo ‘|
(1) Bg‘| AZw‘mZ H$s gå^mdZm KQ> H$a 25% hr ah OmVr h¡& 55. {MÝVZ-ñVa Ho$ {ejU ‘| {ZåZm§{H$V ‘| go {H$g àH$ma H$s narjm br
(2) BZH$m VoOr go CÎma {X¶m Om gH$Vm h¡&
OmZr C{MV h¡?
(3) BZH$m {Z‘m©U AmgmZ h¡&
(1) dñVw{ZîR> narjm (2) {Z~ÝYmË‘H$ narjm
(4) Cnamo³V g^r
(3) ‘m¡{IH$ narjm (4) àm¶mo{JH$ narjm
48. AZw~moYH$ (Probing) àíZ V~ nyN>o OmVo h¢, O~-
56. ñ‘¥{V ñVa Ho$ àíZ H$m CXmhaU Zhr§ h¡-
(1) N>mÌ Ûmam {X¶m CÎma AܶmnH$ Ho$ AmH$m§jm ñVa go ZrMo hmoVm h¡&
(1) AH$~a H$m OÝ‘ H$hm± hþAm Wm?
(2) N>mÌ nmR> ‘| ê${M H$‘ bo aho hmoVo h¢&
(2) AH$~a Ho$ amÁ¶ H$s gr‘m H$hm± VH$ H$s Wr?
(3) AܶmnH$ N>mÌ H$m ܶmZ {H$gr {deof ~mV H$s Amoa AmH¥$îQ> H$aZm Mmh
(3) AH$~a H$mo ‘hmZ² ³¶m| H$hm OmVm h¡?
ahm hmo&
(4) AH$~a H$m OÝ‘ {H$g gZ² ‘| hþAm Wm?
(4) Cnamo³V g^r
57. {ejH$ A{YJ‘ à{H«$¶m Ho$ Xm¡amZ EH$ N>mÌ H$s gh^m{JVm h¡, ¶h V^r
49. narjU H$s Cg j‘Vm H$mo ‘mnZo H$m JwU, {Ogo ‘mnZo Ho$ {bE Cgo
H$hm Om gH$Vm h¡, O~ dh-
~Zm¶m J¶m Wm, H$mo H$hm OmVm h¡-
(1) {ejH$ Ho$ àíZm| H$m CÎma XoVm h¡&
(1) {dídgZr¶Vm
(2) AnZr Va’$ go nhb H$aVm h¡&
(2) AmÝV[aH$ g§JVVm
(3) Xÿgam| Ho$ {dMmam| na à{V{H«$¶m H$aVm h¡&
(3) d¡YVm
(4) gå~Õ àíZ nyN>Vm h¡&
(4) nyd©H$WZmË‘H$ ep³V
58. O~ h‘ {Zîn{Îm narjUm| H$m à¶moJ H$aVo h¢, V~ h‘ Bg ~mV H$mo
50. dñVw{ZîR> àíZ H$m {deof ‘hÎd h¡-
(1) BgH$m ‘yë¶m§H$Z {ZpíMV hmoVm h¡&
{ZpíMV H$aZo ‘| ê${M aIVo h¢ {H$ {deof àH$ma H$s {ejm àmßV H$aZo
(2) BgHo$ {bE A{YH$ g‘¶ H$s Oê$aV hmoVr h¡& Ho$ ~mX ì¶p³V Zo ³¶m grIm& ¶h H$WZ h¡-
(3) BgHo$ {bE H${R>Z n[al‘, Y¡¶© VWm ~w{Õ‘Îmm H$s Oê$aV hmoVr h¡& (1) Wm°Z©S>mBH$ d h¡JZ H$m (2) AZmñQ>mogr H$m
(4) BgHo$ Ûmam ‘ÝX ~w{Õ dmbo ~mbH$ Ed§ VoO ~w{Õ dmbo ~mbH$ ‘| VwbZm (3) hmoamg‘¡Z H$m (4) BZ‘| go H$moB© Zht
Zht hmoVr h¡&

45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58.
(4) (4) (4) (4) (3) (3) (4) (1) (4) (4) (2) (3) (4) (1)
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
n¥îR> 348 CnbpãY narjU H$m {Z‘m©U àJʶ
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
59. gyMr-I Omo ‘Zmo{‘Vr¶ gåà˶¶ h¡, H$mo gyMr-II Omo CZH$m {ddaU h¡, narjU H$m EH$ Adm§N>Zr¶ JwU h¡&
Ho$ gmW gw‘o{bV H$s{OE Am¡a gy{M¶m| Ho$ ZrMo {X¶o J¶o Hy$Q>m| H$m à¶moJ (3) {dídgZr¶Vm narjU H$m AmË‘gå~ÝY hmoVm h¡, O~{H$ d¡YVm narjU
H$aVo hþE ghr CÎma Mw{ZE- H$m {H$gr ~mø H$gm¡Q>r Ho$ gmW gh-gå~ÝY hmoVm h¡&
(4) {dídgZr¶Vm narjU àmßVm§H$mo§ H$m JwU hmoVm h¡, O~{H$ d¡YVm narjU
gyMr-I gyMr-II H$m&
(i) dñVw{ZîR>Vm 1. narjU Ho$ g§MmbZ Ed§ àmßVm§H$-boIZ
63. ¶{X AmnH$mo narjmWu H$s g§JR>ZmË‘H$ j‘Vm H$s ‘mn H$aZr h¡, Vmo
‘| EH$ê$nVm Amn {ZåZm§{H$V ‘| go {H$g Vah Ho$ EH$m§e dmbo narjU ngÝX H$a|Jo?
(ii) {dídgZr¶Vm 2. g§JV Ed§ {ñWa àmßVm§H$mo§ H$m àmßV hmoZm (1) {Z~ÝYmË‘H$ EH$m§e dmbo narjU
(2) dñVw{ZîR> EH$m§e
(iii) ‘mZH$sH$aU 3. ì¶p³VJV nydm©J«h go ñdVÝÌ hmoH$a (3) 1 VWm 2 XmoZm| Vah Ho$ EH$m§e
narjU H$m àmßVm§H$-boIZ CZH$s Hw§$Or Ho$ (4) ‘mÌ EH$ ‘m¡{IH$ narjm
AZwgma H$aZm 64. Amny{V© àH$ma H$m narjU V¡¶ma H$aZo Ho$ {bE Cn¶w³V àíZ hm|Jo-
(1) ~hþ{dH$ënr àíZ (2) Vwë¶mË‘H$ àíZ
(iv) d¡YVm 4. àñVm{dV {deofVm/ erbJwU H$m ‘mnZ (3) dJuH$aU gå~ÝYr àíZ (4) nyaH$ àíZ
H$aZm
Hy$Q>- 65. EH$ AÀN>o narjU H$s ³¶m {deofVmE± hmoVr h¡?
1. narjU H$s {dídgZr¶Vm kmZ Ho$ Bg V϶ H$mo àH$Q> H$aVr h¡ {H$ Cg‘|
(i) (ii) (iii) (iv) Ma Ìw{Q> H¡$gr h¡&
(1) 1 2 3 4 2. ¶{X N>mÌm| Ho$ àmßVm§H$ {d{^ÝZ Adgam| na Omo‹S>o OmE, Vmo ¶h narjU
{dídgZr¶ ‘mZm OmEJm&
(2) 3 4 1 2
Hy$Q>-
(3) 3 2 1 4 (1) Ho$db 1 (2) Ho$db 2
(4) 1 4 3 2 (3) 1 Am¡a 2 (4) Z Vmo 1 Am¡a Z hr 2

60. N>mÌm| Ho$ ì¶dhma gd} ‘| à˶oH$ N>mÌ go H$hm J¶m {H$ do g§jon ‘| 66. [a³V ñWmZm| H$s ny{V© Ho$ {df¶ ‘| {ZåZ ‘| go H$m¡Zgm H$WZ ghr h¡?
(H$ar~ gm¡ eãXm| ‘|) AnZo OrdZ Ho$ gÝVmofXm¶r AZw^dm| H$m dU©Z 1. Bg àH$ma Ho$ àíZm| H$mo EH$ AnyU© dm³¶, H$WZ Ho$ ê$n ‘| àñVwV {H$¶m
H$a|& ¶h nX EH$ CXmhaU h¡- OmVm h¡&
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg
(1) {ZpíMV {dH$ën àmê$n H$m nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m 2. Bg àH$ma Ho$ àíZm| ‘| grYo-grYo àíZ nyN>o OmVo h¢&
(2) ‘mnZr EH$m§e H$m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ Hy$Q>-
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ>
(3) dñVw{ZîR> narjU EH$m§e H$m www.praganya.org (1) Ho$db 1 (2) Ho$db 2
na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF
(4) ‘w³V EH$m§e H$m S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
(3) 1 Am¡a 2 (4) ¶o g^r

61. {Z~ÝYmË‘H$ àíZ Ho$ {bE {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgm g~go AÀN>m 67. {ZåZ{b{IV H$WZm| na {dMma H$s{OE-
{dH$ën h¡? 1. ‘mZm {H$gr ì¶p³V H$mo EH$ Q>oñQ> {X¶m OmE d dhr Q>oñQ> CgH$mo Hw$N>
(1) ݶyQ>Z Ho$ J{V Ho$ {Z¶‘ H$s MMm© H$ao& g‘¶ Ho$ AÝVamb ‘| {’$a {X¶m OmE Am¡a CgHo$ àmßVm§H$m| ‘| g‘mZVm
(2) ݶyQ>Z Ho$ J{V Ho$ VrZm| {Z¶‘m| H$s ì¶m»¶m H$ao& hmo, Vmo Cg Q>oñQ> H$mo {dígZr¶ ‘mZm OmEJm&
(3) ݶyQ>Z Ho$ J{V H$m {Z¶‘ ³¶m h¡? 2. Bgr àH$ma ~hþV go ì¶p³V¶m| H$mo H$moB© Q>oñQ> ~ma-~ma {X¶m OmE, dh
(4) ݶyQ>Z Ho$ J{V Ho$ {Z¶‘ na EH$ boI {bIo& à˶oH$ ~ma Ho$ àmßVm§H$ Ho$ g‘mZ hr A{dídgZr¶ ‘mZm OmEJm&
Cnamo³V H$WZm| ‘| H$m¡Zgm/go H$WZ ghr h¡/h¢?
62. {dídgZr¶Vm VWm d¡YVm ‘| ‘w»¶ AÝVa ¶h h¡ {H$- (1) Ho$db 1
(1) {dídgZr¶Vm narjU H$m {H$gr ~mø H$gm¡Q>r Ho$ gmW ghgå~ÝY hmoVm (2) Ho$db 2
h¡, O~{H$ d¡YVm narjU H$m AmË‘-gå~ÝY hmoVm h¡& (3) 1 Am¡a 2
(2) {dídgZr¶Vm narjU H$m EH$ dm§N>Zr¶ JwU hmoVm h¡, O~{H$ d¡YVm (4) Z Vmo 1 Am¡a Z hr 2

59. 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 67.

(1) (4) (2) (3) (1) (4) (3) (3) (3)
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
àJʶ CnbpãY narjU H$m {Z‘m©U n¥îR> 349

68. {Z~ÝYmË‘H$ narjU Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘| H$hm OmVm h¡ {H$ AܶmnH$ N>mÌm| Cnamo³V H$WZm| ‘| H$m¡Zgm/go H$WZ ghr h¡/h¢?
Ho$ ~mao ‘| Omo YmaUm aIVo h¢, CgHo$ AZwgma hr CÝh| A§H$ àXmZ H$aZo (1) Ho$db 1 (2) Ho$db 2
H$s àd¥{Îm aIVo h¢& ¶h {H$g àH$ma H$m à^md h¡? (3) Ho$db 3 (4) ¶o g^r
(1) H¡$ar Amoda à^md (2) hobmo à^md
74. H$WZ (A) ~hþ{dH$ënmË‘H$ àíZ, g˶-Ag˶ àíZ, {‘bmZ àíZ
(3) {dídgZr¶Vm (4) BZ‘| go H$moB© Zht
d dJuH$aU àíZ Am{X M¶Z àH$ma Ho$ dñVw{ZîR> àíZm| Ho$ AÝVJ©V
69. H$m¡Zgm {Z~ÝYmË‘H$ àH$ma H$m àíZ Zht h¡? AmVo h¢&
(1) ì¶m»¶mË‘H$ (2) {ddoMZmË‘H$ H$maU (R) à˶mñ‘aU àíZ VWm [a³V ñWmZm| H$s ny{V© O¡go àíZ H$mo
(3) AmbmoMZmË‘H$ (4) gab à˶mñ‘aU Amny{V© àH$ma Ho$ AÝVJ©V g{å‘{bV {H$¶m OmVm h¡&
Hy$Q>- ~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg
70. {ZåZ{b{IV H$WZm| na {dMma H$s{OE- (1) A Am¡a R XmoZm| ghr h¢& nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m
h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
1. {Z~ÝYmË‘H$ narjUm| H$m A§H$Z H$aVo g‘¶ nhbo àíZm| Ho$ CÎmam| H$s (2) A Am¡a R XmoZm|o JbV h¢& àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ>
JwUdÎmm ~mX Ho$ àíZm| Ho$ A§H$Z H$mo ~war Vah à^m{dV H$a gH$Vr h¡& (3) A ghr h¡, {H$ÝVw R JbV h¡& www.praganya.org
na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF
2. {Z~ÝYmË‘H$ narjUm| H$s ‘w»¶ AmbmoMZm BZHo$ AmË‘{ZîR>, (4) A JbV h¡, {H$ÝVw R ghr h¡& S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
A{dídgZr¶ d Ad¡Y hmoZo Ho$ H$maU H$s OmVr h¡&
Cnamo³V H$WZm| ‘| H$m¡Zgm/go H$WZ ghr h¡/h¢? 75. dñVw{ZîR> narjU Aݶ narjUm| go ~ohVa h¡, ³¶m|{H$-
(1) Ho$db 1 (2) Ho$db 2 (1) {M• {d{eîQ> ì¶p³V Ûmam {X¶m OmVm h¡&
(3) 1 Am¡a 2 (4) Z Vmo 1 Am¡a Z hr 2 (2) {M• ‘| {deof H$m¡eb H$s Amdí¶H$Vm hmoVr h¡&
(3) ¶o nydm©J«h go ‘w³V hmoVo h¢&
71. {ZåZ{b{IV H$WZm| na {dMma H$s{OE- (4) nyao nmR²>¶H«$‘ Ho$ {bE A{YH$-go-A{YH$ à{VXe© H$s
1. dñVw{ZîR> narjU {Z~ÝYmË‘H$ narjU H$s Anojm A{YH$ {dídgZr¶ d Amdí¶H$Vm hmoVr h¡&
d¡Y hmoVo h¢&
2. Bg àH$ma Ho$ àíZm| ‘| ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$aVo g‘¶ narjH$ N>mÌm| H$mo {ZYm©[aV 76. {ZåZ{b{IV H$WZm| na {dMma H$s{OE-
A§H$ àXmZ H$aVm h¡& 1. ‘yë¶m§H$Z Ho$db ‘yë¶ {ZYm©aU H$m Xÿgam Zm‘ Zht h¡, {dÚm{W©¶m| Ho$
3. dñVw{ZîR> àíZ AZoH$ àH$ma Ho$ hmo gH$Vo h¢& grIZo Ho$ JwUmË‘H$ ñVa H$mo naIZm Ho$db EH$ {~ÝXþ h¡&
Cnamo³V H$WZm| ‘| H$m¡Zgm/go H$WZ ghr h¡/h¢? 2. Aݶ {Zîn{Îm¶m± Bg ~mV H$s Amoa g§Ho$V H$aVr h¡ {H$ ‘yë¶m§H$Z ‘| Hw$N>
(1) Ho$db 1 (2) Ho$db 2 AZno{jV ~mV| kmV hmo gH$Vr h¢&
(3) 1,2 Am¡a 3 (4) BZ‘| go H$moB© Zht Cnamo³V H$WZm| ‘| H$m¡Zgm/go H$WZ ghr h¡/h¢?
(1) Ho$db 1 (2) Ho$db 2
72. {ZåZ{b{IV H$WZm| na {dMma H$s{OE- (3) 1 Am¡a 2 (4) Z Vmo 1 Am¡a Z hr 2
1. e¡{jH$ gÌ Ho$ AÝV ‘| narjUm| Ho$ Ûmam N>mÌm| H$s e¡{jH$ CnbpãY H$m
‘mnZ {H$¶m OmVm h¡& 77. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Z àíZ ~¢H$ H$m àH$ma Zht h¡?
2. ¶h ¶moOZm H$jm CÝZ{V Ho$ {bE ewê$ H$s JB© h¡& (1) dñVw{ZîR> àíZ ~¢H$
Cnamo³V H$WZm| ‘| H$m¡Zgm/go H$WZ ghr h¡/h¢? (2) A{‘{lV àíZm| H$m ~¢H$
(1) Ho$db 1 (2) Ho$db 2 (3) bKwÎmamË‘H$ àíZm| H$m ~¢H$
(3) 1 Am¡a 2 (4) Z Vmo 1 Am¡a Z hr 2 (4) {dñV¥V àíZm| H$m ~¢H$

73. MoH$ {bñQ> H$m à¶moJ {H$¶m OmVm h¡, {ZåZ n[a{ñW{V¶m| ‘|-
1. MoH$ {bñQ> H$m à¶moJ V~ O~ {H$gr ì¶p³V ‘| JwU H$s Cn{ñW{V ¶m
AZwn{ñW{V H$m kmZ H$aZm hmoVm h¡, {H$¶m OmVm h¡&
2. {ZUm©¶H$ H$mo H$WZm| Ho$ ghr ¶m JbV hmoZo H$s {ñW{V H$mo ghr
({) ¶m JbV (#) [M• bJmH$a ~Vm¶m OmVm hmo&
3. {ZUm©¶H$ Ho$ CÎmam| Ho$ AmYma na ì¶p³V ‘| ‘m¡OyX JwUm| H$s ‘mÌm H$m
nVm bJm¶m OmVm h¡&
78. J«oqS>J Ho$ gÝX^© ‘| {ZåZ H$WZm| na {dMma H$s{OE-
1. ‘mܶ{‘H$ {ejm Am¶moJ VWm {ejm Am¶moJ Zo A§H$mo§ Ho$ ñWmZ na J«oS>
àXmZ H$aZo H$m gwPmd {X¶m Wm&
2. df© 1975 ‘| amîQ´>r¶ e¡{jH$ AZwgÝYmZ d à{ejU n[afX² Zo ^r J«oS>
àUmbr Ho$ à¶moJ H$s {g’$m[ae H$s h¡&
3. {díd{dÚmb¶ AZwXmZ Am¶moJ Ho$ Ûmam àH$m{eV narjm gwYma EH$ H$m¶©
¶moOZm Zm‘H$ à{VdoXZ ‘| ^r J«oS> àUmbr H$mo ñdrH$ma H$aZo H$m g‘W©Z
{H$¶m J¶m&

68. 69. 70. 71. 72. 73. 74. 75. 76. 77. 78.
(2) (4) (3) (3) (2) (4) (2) (3) (3) (2) (4)
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
n¥îR> 350 CnbpãY narjU H$m {Z‘m©U àJʶ
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
Cnamo³V H$WZm| ‘| H$m¡Zgm/go H$WZ ghr h¡/h¢? 82. gw‘o{bV H$s{OE-
(1) Ho$db 1 (2) Ho$db 2
(3) Ho$db 3 (4) ¶ g^r gyMr I gyMr II
A. CÔoí¶ 1. gm‘mݶ dU©Z na AmYm[aV
79. narjmAm| Ho$ àmßVm§H$m§o H$m {díbofU VWm {dÚm{W©¶m| H$s à{VnwpîQ> hoVw
{ZåZ H$WZm| na {dMma H$s{OE- B. narjU {Z‘m©U H$m AmYma 2. 50% H${R>ZmB© ñVa
1 narjU Ho$ àemgZ Ho$ CnamÝV narjU nwpñVH$mAm| ¶m CÎma nwpñVH$mAm| C. àíZm| H$m H${R>ZmB© ñVa 3. g§H${bV g‘§H$mo H$m Cn¶moJ
H$m A§H$Z {H$¶m OmVm h¡&
D. àíZm| H$m M¶Z 4. NmÌm| H$s gåàm{ßV H$m ‘mnZ
2. narjU Ho$ A§H$Z ‘| à¶moÁ¶m| Ho$ Ûmam {XE JE CÎmam| H$mo A§H$ àXmZ {H$E
OmVo h¢& Hy$Q>-
3. gånyU© narjU ¶m CgHo$ {d[^ÝZ ^mJm| Ho$ g^r àíZm| na à¶moÁ¶ H$mo
A B C D
àmßV A§H$m| H$m ¶moJ hr à¶moÁ¶ Ho$ {bE narjU (gånyU©) àmßVm§H$m| H$mo
¶m {d^mJr¶ àmßVm§H$mo§ H$mo B§{JV H$aVm h¡& (1) 1 2 3 4
Cnamo³V H$WZmo§ ‘| H$m¡Zgm/go H$WZ ghr h¡/h¢? (2) 4 3 2 1
(1) Ho$db 1 (2) Ho$db 2 (3) 3 4 1 2
(3) Ho$db 3 (4) ¶o g^r
(4) 4 1 2 3

80. {ZåZ{b{IV H$WZmo§ na {dMma H$s{OE- 83. ñHo$qbJ ‘mZH$ àmßVm§H$ Ho$ {df¶ ‘| {ZåZ na {dMma H$s{OE-
1. {dJV² Hw$N> dfm] ‘| e¡j{UH$ ‘mnZ VWm ‘yë¶m§H$Z Ho$ joÌ ‘| AZoH$ ZdrZ 1. {^ÝZ-{^ÝZ narjH$m| Ho$ {bE àmßVm§H$m| H$m A{^àm¶ {^ÝZ-{^ÝZ hmo
à˶¶m| VWm ZdmMmam| H$m àmXþ^m©d hþAm h¡& gH$Vm h¡&
2. BZ‘| go Hw$N> à˶¶ A˶ÝV ‘hÎdnyU© Ed§ g‘gm‘{¶H$ h¢ VWm e¡{jH$ 2. Hw$N> narjH$m| ‘| A{YH$ A§H$ àXmZ H$aZo H$s àd¥{Îm hmoVr h¡&
‘mnZ d ‘yë¶m§H$Z Ho$ joÌ ‘| H$m¶©aV g^r ì¶p³V¶m| Ho$ {bE BZ à˶¶m| 3 Hw$N> narjH$m| ‘| H$‘ A§H$ àXmZ H$aZo H$s àd¥{Îm hmoVr h¡ VWm Hw$N>
‘o§ ZdmMmam| H$m kmZ d CZ‘| {ZnwUVm àmßV H$aZm Amdí¶H$ h¡& narjH$m| ‘| Am¡gV ñVa Ho$ A§H$ àXmZ H$aZo H$s ‘¥Vàm¶… àd¥{Îm hmoVr
3. e¡{jH$ ‘mnZ d ‘yë¶m§H$Z Ho$ Hw$N> à‘wI ZdmMmam| ‘| hr ‘mZH$ VWm h¡&
{ZH$f gÝX{^©V narjU ^r h¢& Cnamo³V H$WZm| ‘| H$m¡Zgm/go H$WZ ghr h¡/h¢?
Cnamo³V H$WZm| ‘| H$m¡Zgm/go H$WZ ghr h¡/h¢? (1) Ho$db 1 (2) Ho$db 2
(1) Ho$db 1 (3) Ho$db 3 (4) ¶o g^r
(2) Ho$db 2
84. CnbpãY ‘mnZ go VmËn¶© ¶h h¡ {H$-
(3) Ho$db 1, 2 Am¡a 3
1. CnbpãY ‘mnZ go VmËn¶© CZ narjUm| go h¡, Omo N>mÌm| Ho$ kmZ, ~moY,
(4) Ho$db 3
H$m¡eb Am{X H$m ‘mnZ H$aVo h¢&
81. {ZåZ{b{IV H$WZm| na {dMma H$s{OE- 2 {dÚmb¶m| ‘| n‹T>mE OmZo dmbo {d{^ÝZ {df¶m| ‘| N>mÌm| Zo ³¶m grIm h¡?
1. {ZH$f gÝX{^©V ‘mnZ H$s Amdí¶H$Vm gd©àW‘ df© 1963 ‘| am°~Q>© BgH$m ‘mnZ H$aZo Ho$ {bE gåàm{ßV/CnbpãY narjUm| H$m à¶moJ {H$¶m
½boOa Zo ‘hgyg H$s& OmVm h¡&
2 gmVd| XeH$ ‘o§ A{^H«${‘V AZwXoeZ H$s à^mderbVm H$m ‘mnZ H$aVo Hy$Q>-
g‘¶ ¶h ‘hgyg {H$¶m J¶m, {H$ VËH$mbrZ CnbpãY narjUm| Ho$ (1) Ho$db 1 (2) Ho$db 2
A˶{YH$ gm‘mݶ àH¥${V H$m hmoZo Ho$ H$maU CZH$m à¶moJ Bg H$m¶© Ho$ (3) 1 Am¡a 2 (4) Z Vmo 1 Am¡a Z hr 2
{bE VH©$g§JV T>§J go {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡&
85. {ZåZ H$WZm| H$s g˶Vm {ZYm©[aV H$s{OE-
Cnamo³V H$WZm| ‘| H$m¡Zgm/go H$WZ ghr h¡/h¢?
1. àm¶… XoIm OmVm h¡ {H$ àíZ-nÌm| ‘| A{YH$m§e àíZ ~hþV hr gVhr ñVa
(1) Ho$db 1
Ho$ hmoVo h¢&
(2) Ho$db 2
2. àíZ-nÌ {Z‘m©Vm Ûmam V¡¶ma {H$E JE àíZ-nÌ Z, Vmo gånyU© nmR²>¶H«$‘
(3) 1 Am¡a 2
H$m ghr T>§J go à{V{Z{YËd H$a nmVo h¢ VWm Z hr do N>mÌm| Ho$ kmZ ~moY
(4) Z Vmo 1 Am¡a Z hr 2
¶m H$m¡eb H$m {dñV¥V AWm] ‘| ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$a nmVo h¢&

79. 80. 81. 82. 83. 84. 85.

(4) (4) (1) (4) (4) (3) (3)
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
àJʶ CnbpãY narjU H$m {Z‘m©U n¥îR> 351

Hy$Q>- 2. {deofkm| Ûmam ¶h ‘mZm J¶m h¡ {H$ A§H$Z dJm]o H$s g§»¶m H$mo H$‘ H$aHo$
(1) Ho$db 1 (2) Ho$db 2 A§H$Z H$s Ìw{Q>¶m| H$mo H$m’$s hX VH$ g‘mßV {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡&
(3) 1 Am¡a 2 (4) Z Vmo 1 Am¡a Z hr 2 3. J«oS> àUmbr A§H$ àUmbr Ho$ {dnarV dmñdV ‘| N>mÌm| H$mo Hw$N> JwUmË‘H$
lo{U¶m| ‘| ~m±Q>Vr h¡&
86. àíZ ~¢H$ Ho$ gÝX^© ‘| {ZåZ H$WZm| na {dMma H$s{OE- Cnamo³V H$WZm| ‘| H$m¡Zgm/go H$WZ ghr h¡/h¢?
1. dV©‘mZ narjm àUmbr Ho$ à‘wI Xmofm| ‘| go EH$ Xmof narjm ‘| nyN>o OmZo (1) Ho$db 1 (2) Ho$db 2
dmbo àíZm| H$m Aܶ¶Z-AܶmnH$ narjU go Vmb-‘ob H$m A^md h¡& (3) Ho$db 3 (4) ¶o g^r
2. àíZ-nÌ aM{¶Vm AnZr ngÝX-ZmngÝX, ê${M-A{^ê${M VWm àíZ
{Z‘m©U H$m¡eb Ho$ AmYma na àíZm| H$s aMZm H$aHo$ àíZ-nÌm| ‘| 90. J«oS> àUmbr Ho$ bm^m| Ho$ {df¶ ‘| ³¶m g˶ h¡?
g{å‘{bV H$aVo h¢& 1. J«oS> H$s ghm¶Vm go N>mÌm| H$m ‘yë¶m§H$Z A{YH$ {dídgZr¶ hmo gH$Vm
3. àíZm| H$s Cnamo³V H${‘¶m| Ho$ ’$bñdê$n N>mÌ narjm hoVw Hw$N> {d{eîQ> h¡& AV… J«oS> àUmbr H$m à¶moJ narjm n[aUm‘m| H$s {dídgZr¶Vm H$mo
àíZm|/àH$aUm| H$mo V¡¶ma H$aVo h¢& ~‹T>mVm h¡&
Cnamo³V H$WZm| ‘| H$m¡Zgm/go H$WZ ghr h¡/h¢? 2. N>mÌm| H$s A{^ê${M d ¶mo½¶mVm Ho$ AmYma na ^mdr nmR²>¶H«$‘ Ho$ M¶Z
(1) Ho$db 1 (2) Ho$db 2 H$aZo H$s ÑpîQ> go J«oS> àUmbr A{YH$ Cn¶w³V d d¡km{ZH$ h¡&
(3) Ho$db 3 (4) ¶o g^r 3. J«oS> àUmbr H$mo AnZmE OmZo na EH$ ñWmZ go Xÿgao ñWmZ H$mo àdO©Z
H$aVo g‘¶ hmoZo dmbr H${R>ZmB¶m± H$m’$s H$‘ hmo gH|$Jr, {Oggo AÝVj}
87. gVV² AmÝV[aH$ ‘yë¶m§H$Z Ho$ {df¶ ‘| {ZåZ H$WZm| na {dMma H$s{OE- Ìr¶ ñWmZmÝVaU ‘| gw{dYm hmo gHo$Jr&
1. gVV² AmÝV[aH$ ‘yë¶m§H$Z àUmbr Ho$ AÝVJ©V N>mÌm| H$s e¡{jH$ àJ{V Hy$Q>-
H$m ‘yë¶m§H$Z {ejU H$m¶© H$a aho AܶmnH$m| Ho$ Ûmam gÌ Ho$ ~rM ‘| (1) Ho$db 1 (2) Ho$db 2
bJmVma Wmo‹S>o-Wmo‹S>o AÝVamb na {H$¶m OmVm ahm h¡& (3) Ho$db 3 (4) ¶o g^r
2. N>mÌm| H$mo n¥îR>nmofU {‘bZo na do AnZr j‘Vm Ho$ AZwê$n
gdm©oÎm‘ e¡{jH$ àJ{V H$aZo Ho$ {bE à¶mgaV² ahVo h¢& 91. {ZåZ{b{IV H$WZm| na {dMma H$s{OE-
3. gVV² AmÝV[aH$ ‘yë¶m§H$Z ‘| AܶmnH$m| Ho$ Ûmam N>mÌm| H$s e¡{jH$ àJ{V 1. {Z~ÝYmË‘H$ narjU A{V àmMrZH$mb go à¶w³V {H$E Om aho h¢&
H$m ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$aZo Ho$ {bE à¶mgaV² {b{IV narjmAm| Ho$ Abmdm ‘mnZ 2. dñVw{ZîR> narjU AnojmH¥$V ZE àH$ma H$m narjU h¡&
d ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$s {d{^ÝZ {d{Y¶m| VWm CnH$aUm| H$m à¶moJ {H$¶m OmVm 3. {Z~ÝYmË‘H$ narjUm| H$s dñVw{ZîR>Vm, {dídgZr¶Vm d d¡YVm H$‘ hmoVr
h¡& h¡&
Cnamo³V H$WZm| ‘| H$m¡Zgm/go H$WZ ghr h¡/h¢? 4. Cnamo³V Ho$ AÝVJ©V g‘wÐr bham| H$s gKZVm H$m Aܶ¶Z {H$¶m OmVm
(1) Ho$db 1 (2) Ho$db 2 h¡&
(3) Ho$db 3 (4) ¶o g^r Cnamo³V H$WZm| ‘| H$m¡Zgm/go H$WZ ghr h¡/h¢?
(1) Ho$db 1 (2) Ho$db 2
88. {ZåZ{b{IV H$WZm| na {dMma H$s{OE- (3) Ho$db 3 (4) ¶o g^r
1. gVV² AmÝV[aH$ ‘yë¶m§H$Z N>mÌmo§ Ho$ gmW-gmW AܶmnH$m| H$mo ^r
AnZr {ejU ¶moOZm ‘| gwYma H$aZo Ho$ Adga àXmZ H$aVm h¡& 92. {ZåZ{b{IV H$WZm| na {dMma H$s{OE-
2. N>mÌm| Ûmam A{O©V kmZ d H$m¡eb H$s OmZH$mar Ho$ AmYma na AܶmnH$ 1. narjU Ho$ d¡Y hmoZo Ho$ {bE CgH$s {dídgZr¶Vm VWm d¡YVm XmoZm| EH$
dJ© ^r AnZr {ejU ì¶yh aMZm H$mo Amdí¶H$VmZwgma n[ad{V©V H$a hr {g³Ho$ Ho$ Xmo nhby h¢&
gH$Vm h¡& 2. gm§p»¶H$s¶ ÑpîQ>H$moU go {H$gr ^r narjU H$s d¡YVm H$m
Cnamo³V H$WZm| ‘| H$m¡Zgm/go H$WZ ghr h¡/h¢? A{YH$V‘ gå^mì¶ ‘mZ CgH$s {dídgZr¶Vm Ho$ dJ©‘yb Ho$ ~am~a hr
(1) 1 Am¡a 2 ~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg hmo gH$Vm h¡&
nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m
(2) Ho$db 1 h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ 3. {dídgZr¶Vm JwUm§H$ eyݶ hmoZo na ^r d¡YVm JwUm§H$ eyݶ hmoJm&
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ>
(3) Ho$db 2 www.praganya.org
Cnamo³V H$WZm| ‘| H$m¡Zgm/go H$WZ ghr h¡/h¢?
(4) Z Vmo 2 Am¡a Z hr 2 na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF (1) Ho$db 1
S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
(2) Ho$db 2
89. {ZåZ{b{IV H$WZm| na {dMma H$s{OE- (3) Ho$db 3
1. narjm gwYma Ho$ joÌ ‘| H$m¶©aV {deofkm| H$m ܶmZ Bg {dMma H$s Amoa (4) ¶o g^r
erK«Vm go AmH${f©V hþAm&

86. 87. 88. 89. 90. 91. 92.

(4) (4) (1) (4) (4) (4) (4)
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
n¥îR> 352 CnbpãY narjU H$m {Z‘m©U àJʶ
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
93. ZrMo àíZ Ed§ CgHo$ àH$mam| H$mo Xem©¶m J¶m h¡& BZH$mo gw‘o{bV H$s{OE- 97. EH$ {ejH$ àíZ-nÌ ~ZmZo Ho$ ~mX ¶h Om±M H$aVm h¡ {H$ ³¶m àíZ
gyMr I gyMr II narjU Ho$ {d{eîQ> CÔoí¶m| H$s narjm bo aho h¢& dh ‘w»¶ ê$n go àíZ-
A. Om±M-gyMr I. {‘bmZ àH$ma Ho$ àíZ nÌ H$s/Ho$ .......... Ho$ ~mao ‘| {MpÝVV h¡&
(1) d¡YVm
B. g˶/Ag˶ II. {Z~ÝYmË‘H$ àíZ (2) gånyU© {df¶-dñVw H$mo em{‘b H$aZo
C. ì¶m»¶m III. d¡H${ënH$ CÎma dmbo (3) àíZm| Ho$ àH$ma
àíZ (4) {dídgZr¶Vm
A B C 98. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Z CnbpãY narjU H$m CÔoí¶ Zht h¡?
(1) III II I (1) N>mÌm| H$mo Aܶ¶Z Ho$ {bE ào[aV H$aZm&
(2) I III II (2) N>mÌm| Ho$ dJuH$aU VWm àmoÝZ{V ‘| ghm¶Vm àXmZ H$aZm&
(3) N>mÌm| H$mo e¡{jH$ ‘mJ©Xe©Z Ed§ nam‘e© XoZm&
(3) I II III
(4) e¡{jH$ ñVa H$mo ~ZmE aIZo ‘o§ ghm¶Vm Z H$aZm&
(4) Cnamo³V ‘| go H$moB© Zht
99. {ZåZ{b{IV H$WZm| na {dMma H$s{OE-
94. N>mÌm| Ho$ ‘yë¶m§H$Z Ho$ {bE gm‘mݶV… {Z~ÝYmË‘H$ àíZm| H$m à¶moJ 1. J«oS> àUmbr H$s ghm¶Vm go N>mÌm| H$m ‘yë¶m§H$Z A{YH$ {dídgZr¶ T>§J
{H$¶m OmVm h¡& Bg àH$ma Ho$ àíZm| H$s g~go ~‹S>r H$‘r ³¶m h¡? go hmo gH$Vm h¡&
(1) BZ àíZm| ‘| dñVw{ZîR>Vm Ed§ {dídgZr¶Vm H$s H$‘r hmoVr h¡& 2. J«oS> àUmbr {d{^ÝZ {df¶m| VWm g§H$m¶m| ‘| N>mÌm| H$s e¡{jH$ CnbpãY
(2) ¶o àíZ {dÚmWu Ho$ boIZ H$m¡eb H$s Om±M Ho$ {bE ghr Zht hmoVo h¢& H$s VwbZm H$aZo Ho$ {bE EH$ C^¶{ZîR> n¡‘mZo H$m H$m¶© g’$bVmnyd©H$
(3) BZ àíZm| H$s ghm¶Vm go {H$gr àH$ma H$m ‘yë¶m§H$Z gå^d Zht& H$a gH$Vr h¡&
(4) Cnamo³V g^r Cnamo³V H$WZm| ‘| H$m¡Zgm/go H$WZ ghr h¡/h¢?
(1) 1 Am¡a 2 (2) Ho$db 2
95. [ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgo J«oS> àUmbr Ho$ bm^ h¢? (3) Ho$db 1 (4) Z Vmo 1 Am¡a Z hr 2
(1) J«oS> àUmbr H$s ghm¶Vm go N>mÌm| H$m ‘yë¶m§H$Z A{YH$ A{dídgZr¶ hmo
gH$Vm h¡& 100. {ZåZ ‘| go dñVw{ZîR> narjUm| Ho$ JwU Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘| ghr H$WZ h¡?
(2) J«oS> àUmbr narjm n[aUm‘m| H$s A{dídgZr¶Vm H$mo ~‹T>mVr h¡& 1. BZH$m A§H$Z erK«Vm Ed§ gwJ‘Vm go {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡&
(3) {d{^ÝZ narjm g§ñWmAm| AWdm {díd{dÚmb¶ Ho$ Ûmam Kmo{fV N>mÌm| 2. ¶o narjH$m| Ho$ ì¶p³VJV à^md go à^m{dV Zht hmoVo h¢&
Ho$ n[aUm‘m| H$s VwbZm H$aZo H$s ÑpîQ> go ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$s J«oS> àUmbr 3. dñVw{ZîR>Vm Ho$ H$maU ¶o A{YH$ {dídgZr¶ Ed§ d¡Y hmoVo h¢&
A˶{YH$ Cn¶moJr h¡& 4. Cn¶w©³V ‘| go H$moB© Zht
(4) N>mÌm| H$s A{^ê${M Ho AmYma na nmR²>¶H«$‘ M¶Z H$aZo H$s ÑpîQ> go (1) Ho$db 1 (2) 1,2 Ed§ 3
¶h AZwn¶w³V h¡& (3) Ho$db 4 (4) 2 Ed§ 3

96. J«oS> àUmbr Ho$ bm^ {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgo h¢? 101. EH$ {ejH$ EH$ nmgm BñVo‘mb H$aVo h¢, {Og na dU©Z, ^{dî¶dmUr,
1. N>mÌm| H$m ‘yë¶m§H$Z {dídgZr¶ VarHo$ go hmo gH$Vm h¡& ñnîQ>, g§jonU, A{Z{‘©V Am¡a ‘yë¶m§H$Z A§{H$V h¢& àH$aU H$s g‘m{ßV
2. ¶h narjm àUmbr H$s {dídgZr¶Vm H$mo KQ>mVm h¡& na do nmgm ’|$H$Vo h§¡ Am¡a nmgo H$s {ñW{V na AmYm[aV àíZ H$m CÎma
3. {d{dY {df¶m| VWm g§H$m¶m| ‘| N>mÌm| H$s e¡{jH$ CnbpãY H$s VwbZm XoZo Ho$ {bE {dÚm{W©¶m| go H$hVo h¢& {ejH$-
H$aZo Ho$ {bE EH$ A{^ê${M VWm n¡‘mZo H$m H$m¶© g’$bVmnyd©H$ H$aVm (1) ê$nmË‘H$ AmH$bZ H$a aho h¡&
h¡& (2) {dÚm{W©¶m| Ho$ {MÝVZ H$mo àmoËgm{hV H$a aho h¢&
Hy$Q>- ~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg (3) {dÚm{W©¶m| H$s {MÝVZ à{H«$¶m H$m {d{dYrH$aU H$a aho h¢&
(1) 1 Am¡a 3 nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m
(4) AnZr Img e¡br ‘| nmR> H$mo g‘mßV H$a aho h¢&
h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
(2) 1, 2 Am¡a 3 àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ>
(3) Ho$db 3 www.praganya.org
na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF *******
(4) 2 Am¡a 3 S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&

93. 94. 95. 96. 97. 98. 99. 100. 101.

(2) (1) (3) (1) (2) (4) (1) (2) (1)
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
àJʶ {H«$¶mË‘H$ AZwgÝYmZ n¥îR> 353

Aܶm¶ 18
{H«$¶mË‘H$ AZwg§YmZ
gmW H$s JB© ImoO h¡, {Og‘| V϶m|, {gÕmÝVm| VWm AWm] H$s OmZH$mar Xr OmVr h¡&
18.1 àñVmdZm AZwg§YmZ H$s CnbpãY VWm {ZîH$f© àm‘m{UH$ VWm nwpîQ> ¶mo½¶ hmoVo h¢, {Oggo kmZ
dV©‘mZ ¶wJ ‘| à˶oH$ joÌ H$m MVw‘I
©w r {dH$mg H$aZo Ho$ {bE AZwgY§ mZ H$m¶© H$mo ‘| d¥{Õ hmoVr h¡&
~hþV ‘hÎd {X¶m Om ahm h¡& e¡{jH$ OJV² ‘| AZoH$ g‘ñ¶mAm| H$m CX¶ hþAm
h¡, {OZH$m {ZamH$aU H$aZo Ho$ {bE Am¡a ì¶mdhm[aH$ ê$n ‘| dm§{N>V n[adV©Z 6. ‘wZamo Ho$ AZwgma-
H$aZo Ho$ {bE {ejm Ho$ joÌ ‘| AZwgY§ mZ H$aZo H$s Amdí¶H$Vm h¡& Bg ÑpîQ> AZwg§YmZ H$mo g‘ñ¶mAm| Ho$ Aܶ¶Z H$s nÕ{V Ho$ ê$n ‘| n[a^m{fV {H$¶m Om
gH$Vm h¡ {OZHo$ gwPmd Am§{eH$ ¶m nyU© ê$n go V϶m| go àmá {H$¶o OmVo h¢& AZwg§YmZ
go {ejm joÌ ‘| Omo AZwgY§ mZ H$m¶© hmoVo aho h¢, CZgo {ejm H$m g¡ÕmpÝVH$ nj
Ho$ V϶ Mmho {dMma Ho$ d³Vì¶ hm|, Eo{Vhm{gH$ hm|, CZH$m A{^boI Ed§ à{VdoXZ hmo,
‘O~yV hþAm, bo{H$Z {ejm Ho$ {H«$¶mË‘H$ ¶m ì¶mdhm{aH$ nj ‘| BZ AZwgY§ mZ n[aUm‘ narjm na hm|, CÎma àíZmdbr, à¶moJmË‘H$ Am±H$‹S>mo§ ¶m {H$gr Aݶ V϶ go
H$m¶m] go H$moB© Img bm^ Zht hþAm& Bg pñW{V ‘| EH$ Eogr nÕ{V H$s Oê$aV àmá hþE hm|&
‘hgyg hþB,© {OgHo$ Ûmam {dÚmb¶ go gå~pÝYV g‘ñ¶mAm| H$m {ZXmZ Ty>T‹± >m Om
gHo$ Am¡a {d{eîQ> pñW{V ‘| n[adV©Z Am¡a gwYma {H$¶m Om gHo$& BZ {dMmam| Ho$
n[aUm‘ñdê$n hr {H«$¶mË‘H$ AZwgY§ mZ Ho$ ‘hÎd ‘| d¥{Õ hþB&© 18.3 AZwg§YmZ H$s {deofVmE±
AZwg§YmZ H$s n[a^mfmAm| na {dMma H$aZo Ho$ níMmV² h‘ Bg {ZîH$f© na
nhþ±MVo h¢ {H$ AZwg§YmZ {H$gr ^r g‘ñ¶m Ho$ H«$‘~Õ Aܶ¶Z H$s à{H«$¶m
18.2 AZwg§YmZ H$m AW© Ed§ n[a^mfm
‘mÌ h¡& Bg àH$ma Ho$ AZoH$ nX h¢, {OZ‘| g‘ñ¶m H$m MwZmd, àmá Am±H$‹S>m|
dV©‘mZ ¶wJ ‘| AZwg§YmZ H$m {deof ‘hÎd h¡& AZwg§YmZ {H$gr amîQ>´ H$s àJ{V H$m {díbofU VWm CZgo ’$b àm{á Ho$ nX à‘wI h¢& AZwg§YmZ H$s à‘wI
Ho$ nhMmZ {MÝh h¢& AZwg§YmZ H$m empãXH$ AW© h¡- bú¶ H$m AZwJm‘r Xÿgao {deofVmAm| H$mo {ZåZ aoIm{MÌ Ûmam àX{e©V {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡-
eãXm| ‘| AZwg§YmZ EH$ d¡km{ZH$ ImoO h¡, Omo H«$‘~Õ à¶mgm| Ûmam B©‘mZXmar
Ho$ gmW ~w{Õnyd©H$ nyU©ê$noU H$s OmVr h¡& AZoH$ ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| Zo AZwg§YmZ
H$s AZoH$ n[a^mfmE± Xr h¢, {OZ‘| go Hw$N> {ZåZ{b{IV h¢-
1. do~ñQ>a AÝVam©îQ>´r¶ eãXH$moe Ho$ AZwgma-
AZwg§YmZ Ho$db g˶ Ho$ {bE ImoO ‘mÌ Zht h¡, A{nVw ¶h XrK©H$mbrZ gKZ Ed§
gmoÔoí¶ AZwg§YmZ h¡&

2. Ooåg S´>oda Ho$ AZwgma-

kmZ H$s ImoO AWdm {g{Õ Ho$ {bE {H$¶m OmZo dmbm H«$‘~Õ d¡km{ZH$ ImoO hr
AZwg§YmZ H$hbmVm h¡&

3. a¡S>‘¡Z VWm ‘m¡ar Ho$ AZwgma-
ZdrZ kmZ H$s àm{á Ho$ {bE H«$‘~Õ à¶ËZ H$mo AZwg§YmZ H$hVo h¢&
4. Om°Z S>ãë¶y. ~oñQ> Ho$ AZwgma-
AZwg§YmZ A{YH$ Am¡nMm[aH$, ì¶dpñWV VWm JhZ à{H«$¶m h¡, {Og‘| d¡km{ZH$
{d{Y {díbofU H$mo à¶w³V {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AZwg§YmZ ‘| ì¶dpñWV ñdê$n H$mo gpå‘{bV
{H$¶m OmVm h¡ {OgHo$ ’$bñdê$n {ZîH$f© àmá {H$¶o OmVo h¢ Am¡a CZH$m Am¡nMm[aH$
AmboI V¡¶ma {H$¶m OmVm h¡&
5. nr. E‘. Hw$H$ Ho$ AZwgma-
AZwg§YmZ {H$gr g‘ñ¶m Ho$ à{V B©‘mZXmar Ed§ ì¶mnH$ ê$n ‘| g‘PXmar Ho$
18.4 e¡{jH$ AZwg§YmZ H$m AW©
{ejm H$m joÌ A˶ÝV {dñV¥V h¡& BgHo$ AÝVJ©V Ho$db nR>Z-nmR>Z hr Zht
h¡, A{nVw nR>Z-nmR>Z go gå~pÝYV {OVZr ^r g‘ñ¶mE± h¢, CVZr hr e¡{jH$
AZwg§YmZ Ho$ joÌ H$m {Z‘m©U H$amVr h¢& N>mÌ Am¡a AܶmnH$, AܶmnH$m| H$m
ñVa, g‘mO Am¡a AܶmnH$, nmR²>¶H«$‘ Am¡a Vmo Am¡a {dÚmb¶ Ho$ ^dZ VWm
’$ZuMa ^r e¡{jH$ AZwg§YmZ Ho$ {df¶ h¢& Q>o´dg© Ho$ AZwgma-
g§ñWmAm| ‘| {H$¶m J¶m e¡{jH$ AZwg§YmZ gånyU© ê$n go kmZ H$m {dH$mg H$aVm h¡
Am¡a ñWmZr¶ g‘ñ¶m H$mo hb H$aZo Ho$ ~mX Xÿgar g‘ñ¶m hb H$aZr n‹S>Vr h¡ Am¡a Bg
àH$ma AZoH$ gå~pÝYV g‘ñ¶mAm| H$s ûm¥§Ibm ~ZVr Mbr OmVr h¡& g§ñWmJV e¡{jH$
AZwg§YmZ ‘| Bg àH$ma H$s {deofVm Zht h¡&
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
n¥îR> 354 {H«$¶mË‘H$ AZwgÝYmZ
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
18.5 e¡{jH$ AZwg§YmZ H$s n[a^mfmE±
e¡{jH$ AZwg§YmZ H$s n[a^mfmE± {ejm{dXm| Ûmam {ZåZ àH$ma H$s JB© h¢-
1. ‘wZamo Ho$ AZwgma-
e¡{jH$ AZwg§YmZ H$m Ma‘ CÔoí¶ h¡-{ejm gå~ÝYr {gÕmÝVm| VWm {d{Y¶m| H$m
à{VnmXZ H$aZm&
2. Q>´odg© Ho$ AZwgma-
e¡{jH$ AZwg§YmZ EH$ Eogr à{H«$¶m h¡, {OgHo$ Ûmam e¡{jH$ n[apñW{V¶m| ‘| ZdrZ
ì¶dhmam| H$m {dH$mg hmoVm h¡&
18.6 e¡{jH$ AZwg§YmZ Ho$ àH$ma
e¡{jH$ AZwg§YmZ VrZ àH$ma Ho$ hmoVo h¢-
1. Eo{Vhm{gH$ AZwg§YmZ
Eo{Vhm{gH$ g‘ñ¶mAm| Ho$ AÝdofU ‘| d¡km{ZH$ {d{Y H$m à¶moJ Eo{Vhm{gH$ AZwgY§ mZ
h¡& Bg‘| EH$ gw{Z¶mo{OV {d{Y Ed§ àd¥[Îm Ho$ ‘mnXÊS> H$s Amdí¶H$Vm hmoVr h¡&
¶h AVrV H$s KQ>ZmAm|, {dH$mg-H«$‘m| VWm AZw^dm| H$m {d{eîQ> AÝdofU hmoVm h¡,
{Og‘| AVrV go gå~pÝYV gyMZmAm| Ho$ gmYZ VWm àmá gÝVw{bV {ddoMZm H$s
d¡YVm H$m gmdYmZrnydH© $ narjU {H$¶m OmVm h¡& Om°Z S>ãë¶y. ~oñQ> Ho$ AZwgma-
Eo{Vhm{gH$ AZwg§YmZ Eo{Vhm{gH$ g‘ñ¶mAm| H$m d¡km{ZH$ {d{Y¶m| Ûmam Aܶ¶Z h¡&
2. à¶moJmË‘H$ AZwg§YmZ
à¶moJmË‘H$ AZwg§YmZ ‘| à¶moJembm Ho$ ‘mܶ‘ go {Z¶pÝÌV XemAm| ‘| n[aUm‘
{ZH$mbo OmVo h¢& Om°Z S>ãë¶y. ~oñQ> Ho$ AZwgma-
à¶moJmË‘H$ nÕ{V Bg ~mV H$m dU©Z d {díbofU H$aVr h¡ {H$ ³¶m hmoJm? ¶m
gmdYmZrnyd©H$ {Z¶pÝÌV H$s JB© XemAm| ‘| ³¶m K{Q>V hmo gH$Vm h¡&
3. {ddaUmË‘H$ AZwg§YmZ
{ddaUmË‘H$ AZwg§YmZ dV©‘mZ go gå~pÝYV hmoVm h¡ Am¡a AZwemgZ Ho$
AÝVJ©V KQ>Zm Ho$ ñVa H$mo {ZYm©{aV H$aVm h¡& ¶h à¶moJmË‘H$ AZwg§YmZ H$s
Anojm dmñV{dH$ h¡& Om°Z S>ãë¶y. ~oñQ> Ho$ AZwgma-
BgH$m gå~ÝY {dÚ‘mZ XemAm| VWm gå~ÝYm| Ed§ {dH${gV hmoZo dmbr àM{bV
naånamAm|, {dídmgm|, ‘ZmoXemAm|, àM{bV à{H«$¶mAm|, AZw^d {H$¶o OmZo dmbo à^mdm|
AWdm ì¶dhmam| go hmoVm h¡&
18.7 {H«$¶mË‘H$ AZwg§YmZ H$m AW©
{H«$¶mË‘H$ AZwgY§ mZ {dÚmb¶m| Ed§ ‘hm[dÚmb¶m| H$s H$m¶©-àUmbr ‘| gwYma Ed§
n[adV©Z bmZo Ho$ {bE EH$ ‘hÎdnyU© {d{Y h¡& {H«$¶mË‘H$ AZwgY§ mZ Xmo eãXm|
H$m ¶moJ h¡- {H«$¶mË‘H$+AZwgY§ mZ AWm©V² {H«$¶mË‘H$ AZwgY§ mZ ì¶p³V Ho$
{H«$¶mË‘H$ njm| go gå~pÝYV h¡& AnZo gm‘mݶ AW© ‘| {H$gr ì¶{³V Ûmam AnZr
{H«$¶mAm| H$mo gwYmaZo H$s {d{Y¶m± ImoOZm {H«$¶mË‘H$ AZwgY§ mZ h¡& ¶{X {H$gr
ì¶p³V H$mo ñd¶§ Ho$ H$m¶m] ‘| {H$gr AdamoY H$m AZw^d hmoVm h¡ Am¡a AnZr H$m¶©-
{d{Y ‘| gwYma H$aVm h¡ O~ ¶h H$m¶© AZwgY§ mZ H$s d¡km{ZH$ {d{Y go {H$¶m OmVm
àJʶ
h¡ AWm©V² AdamoYm| H$m dñVw{ZîR> T>J§ go {ZarjU {H$¶m OmVm h¡ Am¡a AdamoY H$mo
ñnîQ> ê$n go g‘Pm OmVm h¡ AdamoY go gå~pÝYV V϶m| H$m g§H$bZ {H$¶m OmVm
h¡ Am¡a BgHo$ H$maUm| H$m {díbofU {H$¶m OmVm h¡ Am¡a CgHo$ AmYma na {H«$¶mAm|
‘| gwYma H$s {d{Y¶m| H$s H$ënZm H$s OmVr h¡& BZ CnH$ënZmAm| H$m narjU hmoVm
h¡ Am¡a AÝV ‘| Bg {ZîH$f© na nhþM± m OmVm h¡ {H$ ³¶m ~Xbmd H$aZm h¡ Am¡a ³¶m
Zht, Vmo Bgo [H«$¶mË‘H$ AZwgY§ mZ H$hm OmVm h¡&
18.8 {H«$¶mË‘H$ AZwg§YmZ H$s n[a^mfmE±
{H«$¶mË‘H$$ AZwg§YmZ Ho$ AW© H$mo {d{^ÝZ ÑpîQ>H$moUm| go ñnîQ> H$aZo Ho$ {bE
h‘ {d{^ÝZ {dÛmZm| Ûmam Xr JB© n[a^mfmE± àñVwV H$a aho h¢
1. JwS> Ho$ AZwgma-
{H«$¶mË‘H$ AZwg§YmZ, {ejH$m§o, {ZarjH$m| Am¡a àemgH$m| Ûmam AnZo {ZU©¶m| Am¡a
H$m¶m] H$s JwUmË‘H$ CÝZ{V Ho$ {bE à¶moJ {H$¶m OmZo dmbm AZwg§YmZ h¡&
2. H$moao Ho$ AZwgma-
{ejm ‘| {H«$¶mË‘H$ AZwg§YmZ, H$m¶©H$Vm©Am| Ûmam {H$¶m OmZo dmbm AZwg§YmZ h¡
Vm{H$ do AnZo H$m¶m] ‘| gwYma H$a gHo$&
3. ñQ>r’$Z Ho$ AZwgma-
{ejm ‘| {H«$¶mË‘H$ AZwg§YmZ H$m¶©H$Vm©Am| Ûmam {H$¶m OmZo dmbm AZwg§YmZ h¡,
Vm{H$ do AnZo H$m¶© ‘| gwYma H$a gH|$&
4. ‘¡H$J«oW Ho$ AZwgma-
{H«$¶mË‘H$ AZwg§YmZ EH$ àH$ma H$s g§J{R>V ImoOnyU© à{H«$¶m h¡, {OgH$m CÔoí¶
ì¶p³V AWdm g‘yh H$s {H«$¶m ‘| n[adV©Z VÏmm {dH$mg H$aZo Ho$ {bE Aܶ¶Z H$aZm
VWm aMZmË‘H$ gwPmd àñVwV H$aZm h¡&
5. OoZ ’«$m§goW Ho$ AZwgma-
{H«$¶mË‘H$ AZwg§YmZ ì¶p³V ¶m g‘yh Ûmam AnZo H$m¶© ‘| AmB© hþB© g‘ñ¶mAm| H$m
g‘mYmZ àmá H$aZo Ho$ {b¶o, {d{Ynyd©H$ {H$¶m OmZo dmbm Aܶ¶Z h¡& BgH$m CÔoí¶
AnZo H$m¶©joÌ H$s CnbpãY¶m| ‘| d¥{Õ bmZm h¡&
6. ‘m¡bo Ho$ AZwgma-
{ejH$ Ho$ g‘j CnpñWV hmoZo dmbr g‘ñ¶mAm| ‘| go AZoH$ VËH$mb hr g‘mYmZ
MmhVr h¢& ‘m¡Ho$ na {H$¶o OmZo dmbm AZwg§YmZ, {OgH$m CÔoí¶ VmËH$m{bH$ g‘ñ¶m H$m
g‘mYmZ hmoVm h¡, {ejm ‘| gmYmaUV¶m {H«$¶mË‘H$ AZwg§YmZ Ho$ Zm‘ go OmZm OmVm h¡&
Cn¶w©³V H$WZ go ñnîQ> hmo OmVm h¡ {H$ {H«$¶mË‘H$ AZwg§YmZ ‘|
ì¶dhma nj na ~b {X¶m OmVm h¡& BgHo$ Ûmam AܶmnH$ H$s AܶmnZ à{H«$¶m
‘|, [dÚmb¶ H$s àemgH$s¶ VWm e¡j{UH$ à{H«$¶mAm| ‘| Cn¶w³V n[adV©Z,
g§emoYZ VWm gwYma bmZo H$m à¶mg {H$¶m OmVm h¡& {H«$¶mË‘H$ AZwg§YmZ ‘|
{ZåZ{b{IV Xmo à‘wI ~mVo| h¢-
1. ì¶p³V ñd¶§ hr AnZr g‘ñ¶mAm| H$m g‘mYmZ Ed§ {ZamH$aU H$aVm h¡&
2. {H«$¶mË‘H$ AZwg§YmZ Cgr pñW{V ‘| hmoVm h¡, O~ {H$gr g‘ñ¶m H$m
g‘mYmZ H$aZo Ho$ {b¶o emoY H$s Amdí¶H$Vm n‹S>Vr h¡&
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
àJʶ {H«$¶mË‘H$ AZwgÝYmZ
18.9 {H«$¶mË‘H$ AZwg§YmZ H$s {deofVmE±
1. {H«$¶mË‘H$ AZwg§YmZ, {dÚmb¶ H$s dmñV{dH$ n[apñW{V¶m| H$m
gm‘m{OH$ n[apñW{V¶m| ‘| {H$¶m OmVm h¡&
2. {H«$¶mË‘H$ AZwg§YmZ H$m ܶmZ Ho$db EH$ n[apñW{V na Zht hmoVm
~pëH$ AZoH$m| n[apñW{V¶m| na Ho$pÝÐV ahVm h¡&
3. {H«$¶mË‘H$ AZwg§YmZ H$m ܶmZ gånyU© n[apñW{V na Zht hmoH$a
CgHo$ {H$gr {deof A§J na Ho$pÝÐV ahVm h¡&
4. {H«$¶mË‘H$ AZwg§YmZ Aݶ n[apñW{V¶m| Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘| {H$gr àH$ma
H$m gm‘mݶrH$aU ñWm{nV Zht H$aVm h¡&
5. {H«$¶mË‘H$ AZwg§YmZ {d{^ÝZ àH$ma H$s gm‘J«r VWm gyMZmAmo§ H$mo
EH$Ì H$aZo Ho$ {bE gmYZm| H$m {Z‘m©U H$aVm h¡&
6. {H«$¶mË‘H$ AZwg§YmZ H$aZo dmbm| Ho$ ‘pñVîH$ ‘| AnZr ñd¶§ H$s
{d{Y¶m| ‘| gwYma H$aZo H$m {dMma h‘oem {dÚ‘mZ ahVm h¡&
7. {H«$¶mË‘H$ AZwg§YmZ Ho$ n[aUm‘m| H$mo H$m¶m©pÝdV H$aZo dmbo ì¶p³V
Cg‘| ewê$ go AÝV VH$ g{H«$¶ ^mJ boVo h¢&
8. {H«$¶mË‘H$ AZwg§YmZ Cg g‘¶ H$s àJ{V H$s ‘mÌm H$mo {ZpíMV
H$aZo H$m à¶ËZ H$aVm h¡, {OgHo$ gå~ÝY ‘| dh Aܶ¶Z H$aVm h¡&
9. {H«$¶mË‘H$ AZwg§YmZ ‘| {dÚmb¶ Ho$ {ejH$, àemgH$ VWm {ZarjH$
Ed§ H$m°boOm| VWm {díd{dÚmb¶m| Ho$ AܶmnH$ gmYmaUV… EH$-Xÿgao
Ho$ gh¶moJ go H$m¶© H$aVo h¢&
10. {H«$¶mË‘H$ AZwg§YmZ ‘| {dÚmb¶ Ho$ g‘¶ CÔoí¶m| ‘| n[adV©Z,
ZdrZ CnH$ënZmAm| H$m {Z‘m©U VWm CZH$m narjU {H$¶m Om
gH$Vm h¡&
AV… h‘ EÊS>agZ Ho$ eãXm| ‘| H$h gH$Vo h¢ {H$-
{H«$¶mË‘H$ AZwg§YmZ H$s EH$ g~go ‘hÎdnyU© {deofVm h¡- àoaUm, Omo dh {ejH$m|,
{ZarjH$m| Am¡a àemgH$m| H$mo n[aUm‘m| H$m A{YH$ AmË‘{ZîR> Am¡a AmH$pñ‘H$ ‘yë¶m§H$Z
H$m ˶mJ H$aZo Am¡a {dMmam| H$m narjU H$aZo Ho$ {bE {d{^ÝZ àH$ma Ho$ à‘mUm| H$m
A{YH$ dñVw{ZîR> g§J«h H$aZo Ho$ {bE XoVm h¡&
18.10 {H«$¶mË‘H$ AZwg§YmZ Ho$ CÔoí¶
{d{^ÝZ ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| Zo AnZo T>§J go {H«$¶mË‘H$ AZwg§YmZ Ho$ CÔoí¶m| H$mo
춳V {H$¶m h¡, Omo {ZåZ{b{IV h¡-
1. {dÚmb¶ Ho$ H$m¶m©ä¶mg ‘| CÝZ{V
g^r {dÚmb¶m| H$r ‘m¡{bH$ g‘ñ¶mE± Eogr hmoVr h¢, {OZH$m gå~ÝY {dÚmb¶m|
Ho$ H$‘©Mm[a¶m| go hmoVm h¡& {dÚmb¶ Ho$ H$‘©Mm[a¶m| Ûmam à¶w³V H$m¶©{d{Y¶m±
{H$g gr‘m VH$ à^mdembr h¢, BgH$m narjU {H«$¶mË‘H$ AZwg§YmZ Ho$ Ûmam
{H$¶m OmVm h¡& {H«$¶mË‘H$ AZwg§YmZ go {dÚmb¶ H$s H$m¶©{d{Y ‘| CÝZ{V Ed§
Hw$ebVm A{O©V H$s Om gH$Vr h¡&
2. {ejH$m| H$s CÝZ{V
{ejH$ {ejm H$m ‘hÎdnyU© A§J h¡& CgH$m nmR²>¶H«$‘, {ejU {d{Y VWm
{dÚm{W©¶m| go grYm gånH©$ ahVm h¡& N>mÌm| H$s g‘ñ¶mAm| H$m Aܶ¶Z H$aZo
H$m Cgo C{MV Adga {‘bVm h¡& {H«$¶mË‘H$ AZwg§YmZ Ho$ gh¶moJ go dh N>mÌm|
n¥îR> 355
Ed§ ñd¶§ H$s ~wamB¶m| H$m {ZamH$aU H$a ñd¶§ Ed§ N>mÌm| H$mo àJ{V Ho$ ‘mJ© na
AJ«ga H$a gH$Vm h¡& ~oñQ> Ho$ AZwgma, {ejH$ H$s àJ{V, {dMma ep³V,
ì¶mdgm{¶H$ ^mdZm Am¡a Xÿgam| Ho$ gmW {‘bH$a H$m¶© H$aZo H$s ¶mo½¶Vm ‘§o
{H«$¶mË‘H$ AZwg§YmZ d¥{Õ H$a gH$Vm h¡&
3. nmR²>¶H«$‘ H$m {dH$mg
{H«$¶mË‘H$ AZwg§YmZ Ho$ Ûmam nmR²>¶H«$‘ H$s nyU©Vm Ed§ AnyU©Vm H$m Aܶ¶Z
{H$¶m OmVm h¡ Ed§ Bggo CgH$s H${‘¶m| na {dMma H$aHo$ Cgo n[aîH¥$V {H$¶m
OmVm h¡& nmR²>¶H«$‘ {ejm Ho$ CÔoí¶m| H$s ^r ny{V© H$aZo ‘| g’$b h¡ ¶m Zht
BgH$m nVm {H«$¶mË‘H$ AZwg§YmZ go MbVm h¡&
4. {PPH$ Xÿa H$aZm
{H«$¶mË‘H$ AZwg§YmZ gm‘mݶV¶m g‘ñ¶mJ«ñV ì¶p³V¶m| Ûmam gånÝZ {H$¶o
OmVo h¢& AV… BZHo$ n[aUm‘m| H$mo A{O©V ¶m àmá H$aHo$ {H«$¶mpÝdV H$aZo ‘|
{H$gr ^r Vah H$s {PPH$ Zht hmoVr&
5. ì¶dhma ‘| n[adV©Z
{H«$¶mË‘H$ AZwg§YmZ H$m ‘hÎdnyU© CÔoí¶ AܶmnH$m| VWm {dÚm{W©¶m| Ho$
AÝVJ©V ì¶mdhm[aH$ n[adV©Z H$aVm h¡& BgHo$ ‘mܶ‘ go {dÚmb¶ g§JR>Z
VWm àemgZ, {ejU nÕ{V, narjm àUmbr Am{X ‘| {dÚ‘mZ g‘ñ¶mAm| H$m
{ZamH$aU ImoOH$a ì¶dhma ‘§o n[adV©Z H$aZm h¡&
6. àemgH$m| Ed§ {ZarjH$m| Ho$ kmZ ‘| d¥{Õ
{H«$¶mË‘H$ AZwg§YmZ H$m ‘hÎdnyU© CÔoí¶ {ejm go gå~Õ nXm{YH$m[a¶m| O¡go-
àemgH$m|, ‘¡ZoOam| Ed§ {ZarjH$m| Ho$ H$m¶©, {Xem Ed§ nÕ{V Ho$ kmZ ‘| d¥{Õ
H$aZm h¢& {H«$¶mË‘H$ AZwg§YmZ Ho$ {ZîH$fm] go do ghOVmnyd©H$ H$‘Omoa ñWbm|
Ho$ A^mdm| H$mo {ZamH$[aV H$a Hw$ebVm ‘| d¥{Õ H$a gH$Vo h¢&
18.11 {H«$¶mË‘H$ AZwg§YmZ H$m e¡{jH$ ‘hÎd
AmYw{ZH$ ¶wJ ‘| [H«$¶mË‘H$ AZwg§YmZ EH$ Eogr {d{Y h¡, {OgHo$ AÝVJ©V {ejm
Ho$ joÌ ‘| CËnÝZ g‘ñ¶mAm| H$m d¡km{ZH$ {d{Y go Aܶ¶Z {H$¶m OmVm h¡&
àmá {ZîH$fm] Ho$ AmYma na g‘ñ¶mAm| H$m {ZamH$aU H$aVo h¢& AV… BgH$m
A˶{YH$ ‘hÎd h¡, {Ogo {ZåZ{b{IV ê$n ‘| ñnîQ> {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡-
1. {dÚmb¶ Ho$ {H«$¶m-H$bmn ‘| dm§{N>V gwYma H$aZm
{H«$¶mË‘H$ AZwgY§ mZ Ho$ gh¶moJ go AܶmnH$, àmMm¶©, à~ÝYH$ Am¡a {ZarjH$ Am{X
AnZo {dÚmb¶ ‘| {dÚ‘mZ g‘ñ¶mAm| Ho$ ~mao ‘| OmZH$mar àmá H$aHo$ CZHo$ {ZXmZ
H$m Cnm¶ T>T‹y± >Vo h¢ Am¡a {dÚmb¶ H$s H$m¶©-àUmbr ‘| dm§{N>V gwYma H$aVo h¢&
2. {dÚmb¶ ‘| ì¶má ¶mpÝÌH$Vm Ed§ ê${‹T>dm{XVmnyU© dmVmdaU H$m AÝV
H$aZm
h‘mao {dÚmb¶m| ‘| naånamJV {ejU {d{Y¶m| Ed§ {ejm {gÕmÝVm| Ho$ AmYma na
hr Aܶ¶Z {H$¶m OmVm Wm& AܶmnH$ BZ‘| {H$gr ^r Vah H$s ZdrZVm Zht
bmVm Wm, bo{H$Z AmYw{ZH$ ¶wJ ‘| {H«$¶mË‘H$ AZwg§YmZ Ho$ à¶moJ ‘| d¥{Õ hmoZo
Ho$ H$maU CZ‘| Oê$aV Ho$ ‘wVm{~H$ ~Xbmd Am ahm h¡ Am¡a ¶mpÝÌH$Vm VWm
ê${‹T>dm{XVm H$m ~mXb T>b ahm h¡&
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
n¥îR> 356 {H«$¶mË‘H$ AZwgÝYmZ
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
3. {dÚmb¶ Ho$ KQ>H$m| ‘| d¡km{ZH$ àd¥[Îm {dH${gV H$aZo ‘| ghm¶H$
{H«$¶mË‘H$ AZwg§YmZ Ho$ Ûmam {dÚmb¶ Ho$ KQ>H$m|, O¡go- AܶmnH$, àmMm¶©,
à~ÝYH$ Ed§ {ZarjH$m| Am{X ‘| d¡km{ZH$ àd¥[Îm H$m {dH$mg hmoVm h¡&
4. N>mÌm| Ho$ MVw‘w©Ir {dH$mg ‘| ghm¶H$
{dÚmb¶ Ho$ à‘wI KQ>H$ {H«$¶mË‘H$ AZwg§YmZ Ho$ Ûmam {dÚmb¶ H$s g‘ñ¶mAm|
H$m JhZVmnyd©H$ Aܶ¶Z H$aVo h¢ Ed§ CZHo$ {ZXmZ hoVw ZdrZ kmZ ImoO
{ZH$mbVo h¢& ¶h à˶oH$ joÌ ‘| N>mÌm| H$m g‘w{MV {dH$mg H$aZo Ho$ {bE
{dÚmb¶ H$s {H«$¶mAm| H$mo à^mdembr T>§J go Am¶mo{OV H$aVo h¢&
5. amîQ>´ Ho$ CËWmZ ‘| ghm¶H$
à˶oH$ amîQ>´ H$m CËWmZ Cg amîQ>´ H$s e¡{jH$ àJ{V na {Z^©a H$aVm h¡&
{ejm H$s àm{á Ho$ {bE CgH$s g‘ñ¶mAm| H$mo Xÿa H$aZm Ed§ ZdrZV‘ Ed§
Cn¶moJr {ejU H$s ImoO H$aZm {H«$¶mË‘H$ AZwg§YmZ H$m hr H$m¶© h¡& Bg
Vah {H«$¶mË‘H$ AZwg§YmZ {ejm H$s àJ{V ‘| gh¶moJ H$aHo$ amîQ>´ Ho$ CËWmZ
‘| ghm¶H$ hmoVm h¡&
6. {dÚmb¶ H$s CnbpãY H$s d¥{Õ ‘| ghm¶H$
{H«$¶mË‘H$ AZwg§YmZ Ho$ ‘mܶ‘ go {ejm gå~ÝYr {d{^ÝZ g‘ñ¶mAm| H$m
Aܶ¶Z H$aHo$ CZH$m {ZamH$aU ImoOm OmVm h¡& narjmAm| ‘| A˶{YH$
Ag’$bVm Ho$ H$maUm| H$m nVm bJmH$a, CÝh| Xÿa H$aZo H$m à¶mg {H$¶m OmVm
h¡, {Oggo {dÚmb¶ H$s CnbpãY ‘| d¥{Õ hmoVr h¡&
7. AܶmnH$m| ‘| nañna gh¶moJ Ed§ ào‘nyd©H$ H$m¶© H$aZo ‘| ghm¶H$
{dÚmb¶ H$s MmaXrdmar Ho$ AÝXa {H«$¶mË‘H$ AZwgY§ mZ Ho$ AZoH$ ‘hÎd h¢&
O¡g- {ejH$, àmMm¶©, à~ÝYH$ Ed§ {ZarjH$ Am{X Ho$ ‘ܶ gh¶moJ Ed§ ào‘nydH© $
H$m¶© H$aZo H$s ZgrhV XoZm, {OgHo$ ’$bñdê$n CZ‘| Amngr ‘mYw¶© ~‹T>Vm h¡&
8. {dÚmb¶ ‘| gm‘m{OH$ Hw$ebVm H$m {dH$mg H$aZo ‘| ghm¶H$
AmYw{ZH$ {ejm H$m à‘wI CÔoí¶ N>mÌm| ‘| gm‘m{OH$ Hw$ebVm H$r ^mdZm H$m
{dH$mg H$aZm h¡, ³¶m|{H$ N>mÌ Xoe Ho$ ^mdr H$U©Yma hmoVo h¢& AV… CZ‘| Hw$eb
gm‘m{OH$Vm Ed§ AmXe© ZmJ[aH$Vm H$m {dH$mg H$aZm Amdí¶H$ h¡& ¶h H$m¶©
{dÚmb¶ hr H$a gH$Vm h¡& {H«$¶mË‘H$ AZwg§YmZ Bg H$m¶© ‘| ghm¶H$ hmoVm h¡&
18.12 {H«$¶mË‘H$ AZwg§YmZ Ho$ gmonmZ
EÊS>agZ Ho$ AZwgma {H«$¶mË‘H$ AZwg§YmZ H$s àUmbr ‘| gmV gmonmZm| H$m hmoZm
A{Zdm¶© h¡, ¶o {ZåZ{b{IV h¢-
1. g‘ñ¶m H$m kmZ
2. H$m¶© Ho$ à{V àñVmdm| na {dMma-{d‘e©
3. ¶moOZm H$m M¶Z d CnH$ënZm H$m {Z‘m©U
4. V϶-g§J«h H$aZo H$s {d{Y¶m| H$m {Z‘m©U
5. ¶moOZm H$m H$m¶m©Ýd¶Z Ed§ à‘mUm| H$m g§H$bZ
6. V϶m| na AmYm[aV {ZîH$f©
7. Xÿgam| H$mo n[aUm‘m| H$s gyMZm
A~ g^r gmonmZm| na ~mar-~mar go {dMma H$a aho h¢, Omo Bg àH$ma h¢-
àJʶ
1. g‘ñ¶m H$m kmZ
{H«$¶mË‘H$ AZwg§YmZ H$m nhbm gmonmZ h¡- {dÚmb¶ ‘| CnpñWV hmoZo dmbr
g‘ñ¶m H$mo AÀN>r Vah g‘PZm& ¶h V^r gå^d hmo gH$Vm h¡, O~ {dÚmb¶
Ho$ {ejH$, àYmZmMm¶© B˶m{X CgHo$ gå~ÝY ‘| AnZo {dMma 춳V H$a|& Bg
Vah H$aHo$ hr do dmñV{dH$ g‘ñ¶m H$mo g‘PH$a AnZo H$m¶© H$mo AmJo ~‹T>m
gH$Vo h¢&
2. H$m¶© H$o {bE àñVmdm| na {dMma {d‘e©-
¶h {H«$¶mË‘H$ AZwg§YmZm| H$m Xÿgam gmonmZ h¡- g‘ñ¶m H$mo AÀN>r Vah
g‘PZo Ho$ ~mX Bg ~mV na {dMma H$aZm {H$ CgHo$ H$maU ³¶m h¢ VWm CgH$m
{ZamH$aU H$aZo Ho$ {bE H$m¡Z go H$m¶© {H$¶o Om gH$Vo h¢? {ejH$, àYmZmMm¶©,
à~ÝYH$ B˶m{X BZ H$m¶m] Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘| AnZo-AnZo àñVmd ¶m gwPmd XoVo h¢&
CgHo$ ~mX do AnZo {dídmgm|, gm‘m{OH$ ‘yë¶m|, {dÚmb¶m| Ho$ CÔoí¶m| B˶m{X
H$mo ܶmZ ‘| aIH$a CZ na {dMma-{d‘e© H$aVo h¢&
3. ¶moOZm H$m M¶Z Ed§ CnH$ënZm H$m {Z‘m©U
¶h {H«$¶mË‘H$ AZwg§YmZ H$m Vrgam gmonmZ H$hbmVm h¡- {dMma-{d‘e© H$o
’$bñdê$n g‘ñ¶m H$m {ZamH$aU H$aZo Ho$ {bE EH$ ¶moOZm H$m MwZmd VWm
CnH$ënZm H$m {Z‘m©U H$aZm& BgHo$ {bE {dMma-{d‘e© H$aZo dmbo g~ ì¶p³V
g§¶w³V ê$n go CÎmaXm¶r hmoVo h¢&
CnH$ënZm ‘| VrZ ~mVm| H$m g{dñVma dU©Z {H$¶m OmVm h¡-
1. g‘ñ¶m H$m {ZamH$aU H$aZo Ho$ {bE AnZmB© OmZo dmbr ¶moOZm
2. ¶moOZm H$m narjU
3. ¶moOZm Ûmam àmá {H$¶m OmZo dmbm CÔoí¶
CXmhaUmW©, EH$ CnH$ënZm Bg àH$ma H$s hmo gH$Vr h¡-
¶{X à˶oH$ H$jm ‘| {d{^ÝZ àH$ma H$s {ejU-gm‘J«r H$m à¶moJ {H$¶m Om¶, Vmo
~mbH$m| H$mo A{YH$ Am¡a AÀN>r {ejm Xr Om gH$Vr h¡&
¶hr g‘ñ¶m h¡- ~mbH$m| H$mo A{YH$ VWm AÀN>r {ejm {H$g àH$ma Xr
Om gH$Vr h¡& BgH$m g‘mYmZ H$aZo Ho$ {bE AnZmB© OmZo dmbr ¶moOZm h¡-
à˶oH$ H$jm ‘| {d{^ÝZ àH$ma H$s {ejU-gm‘J«r H$m à¶moJ& ¶moOZm ~ZmZo dmbm|
H$mo Bg ~mV H$m {dídmg h¡ {H$ {ejU-gm‘J«r Ho$ à¶moJ go A{YH$ AÀN>r {ejm
Xr Om gH$Vr h¡& AV… do Bg ¶moOZm H$m narjU H$aZm MmhVo h¢& ¶moOZm Ûmam
àmá {H$¶m OmZo dmbm CÔoí¶ h¡- ~mbH$m| H$mo A{YH$ VWm AÀN>r {ejm XoZm&
4. V϶ g§J«h H$aZo H$s {d{Y¶m| H$m {Z‘m©U
¶h {H«$¶mË‘H$ AZwg§YmZ H$m Mm¡Wm gmonmZ H$hbmVm h¡- ¶moOZm H$mo H$m¶m©pÝdV
H$aZo Ho$ ~mX V϶m| ¶m à‘mUm| H$m g§J«h H$aZo H$s {d{Y¶m± {ZpíMV H$aZm& BZ
{d{Y¶m| H$s ghm¶Vm go Omo V϶ g§J«h {H$¶o OmVo h¢, CZ‘| ¶h AZw‘mZ bJm¶m
OmVm h¡ {H$ ¶moOZm H$m ³¶m à^md n‹S> ahm h¡? CXmhaUmW©, {d{^ÝZ àH$ma
H$s {ejU gm‘J«r H$m à¶moJ {H$¶o OmZo Ho$ g‘¶ {ZåZ{b{IV Mma {d{Y¶m| H$m
à¶moJ H$aHo$ ¶h {ZîH$f© {ZH$mbm Om gH$Vm h¡ {H$ n‹T>mB© nhbo go A{YH$ VWm
AÀN>r hmo ahr h¡ ¶m Zht-
1. {ejH$ Ûmam à˶oH$ KÊQ>o ‘| n‹T>mB© OmZo dmbr {df¶-gm‘J«r H$m
boIm aIm OmZm&
2. àíZmdbr H$m à¶moJ H$aHo$ N>mÌm| go CÎma àmá H$aZm&
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
àJʶ {H«$¶mË‘H$ AZwgÝYmZ
3. {d{^ÝZ N>mÌm| go gmjmËH$ma H$aZm&
4. {d{^ÝZ H$jmAm| go N>mÌm| H$m ‘V-g§J«h H$aZm&
5. ¶moOZm H$m H$m¶m©Ýd¶Z d à‘mUm| H$m g§H$bZ
¶h {H«$¶mË‘H$ AZwg§YmZ H$m nm±Mdm± gmonmZ H$hbmVm h¡& {ZpíMV H$s J¶r
¶moOZm H$mo H$m¶m©pÝdV H$aZm VWm CgH$s g’$bVm ¶m Ag’$bVm Ho$ gå~ÝY
‘| à‘mUm| ¶m V϶m| H$m g§H$bZ H$aZm& ¶moOZm go gå~{ÝYV g^r ì¶p³V
Mm¡Wo gmonmZ ‘| {ZpíMV H$s JB© {d{Y¶m| H$s ghm¶Vm go V϶m| H$m g§J«h H$aVo
h¢& do g‘¶-g‘¶ na EH$Ì hmoH$a BZ V϶m| Ho$ {df¶ ‘| {dMma-{d‘e© H$aVo
h¢& BgHo$ AmYma na do ¶moOZm Ho$ ñdê$n ‘| n[adV©Z H$aVo h¢, Vm{H$ CÔoí¶
H$s àm{á gå^d hmo gHo$& CXmhaUmW©, à˶oH$ H$jm ‘| à¶moJ H$s OmZo dmbr
{ejU-gm‘J«r H$mo do H$‘, A{YH$ ¶m n[ad{V©V H$a gH$Vo h¢&
6. V϶m| na AmYm[aV {ZîH$f©
¶h {H«$¶mË‘H$ AZwg§YmZ H$m N>R>dm± gmonmZ H$hbmVm h¡- ¶moOZm H$s g‘m{á Ho$
~mX g§J«h {H$E hþE V϶m| ¶m à‘mUm| go {ZîH$f© {ZH$mbZm& CXmhaUmW©, à˶oH$
H$jm ‘| {d{^ÝZ àH$ma H$s {ejU-gm‘J«r H$m à¶moJ H$aZo go ~mbH$m| H$mo A{YH$
VWm AÀN>r {ejm Xr JB© ¶m Zht& Bg Vah {ZH$mbo OmZo dmbo {ZîH$f© Cgr
{dÚmb¶ Ho$ hmoVo h¢, Ohm± {H«$¶mË‘H$ AZwg§YmZ {H$¶m OmVm h¡& Hw$N> {ZîH$f©
Bg Vah Ho$ hmoVo h¢, {OZH$s H$ënZm ^r Zht H$s OmVr h¡& C³V CXmhaU ‘|
EH$ {ZîH$f© ¶h ^r hmo gH$Vm h¡ {H$ EH$ {deof àH$ma H$s {ejU-gm‘J«r A{YH$
VWm AÀN>r {ejm XoZo ‘| {deof Cn¶moJr {gÕ hþB© h¡&
7. Xÿgam| H$mo n[aUm‘m| H$s gyMZm
¶h {H«$¶m AZwg§YmZ H$m gmVdm± VWm ApÝV‘ gmonmZ H$hbmVm h¡- Xÿgao
ì¶p³V¶m| H$mo ¶moOZm Ho$ n[aUm‘m| H$s gyMZm XoZm& CXmhaUmW© AJa C³V
¶moOZm, {dÚmb¶ Ho$ Hw$N> hr {ejH$m| Ûmam {Z{‘©V VWm H$m¶m©pÝdV H$s JB© h¡,
Vmo CgHo$ n[aUm‘m| H$s gyMZm {dÚmb¶ Ho$ eof {ejH$m| H$mo Xr OmZr Amdí¶H$
hmoVr h¡& BZ n[aUm‘m| go Xÿgao {dÚmb¶ Ho$ {ejH$m| H$mo ^r AdJV H$am¶m OmZm
Mm{hE& BgH$s Amdí¶H$Vm ~VmVo hþE EÊS>agZ Zo H$hm h¡ {H$-
{dÚmb¶ Ho$ bmoJm| H$mo Bg ~mV ‘| ê${M hmoVr h¡ {H$ AZwg§YmZ {H$g àH$ma {H$¶m
OmVm h¡ Am¡a CgHo$ ³¶m n[aUm‘ h¢? n[aUm‘V… Omo ì¶p³V {H«$¶mË‘H$ AZwg§YmZ H$aVo
h¢, CZ na CgH$s gyMZm XoZo H$m CÎmaXm{¶Ëd h¡&
18.13 {H«$¶mË‘H$ AZwg§YmZ H$m joÌ
{H«$¶mË‘H$ AZwg§YmZ H$m ‘w»¶ H$m¶© {dÚmb¶ H$s g‘ñ¶mAm| H$m {ZamH$aU
H$aHo$ CgH$s JwUmË‘H$ CÝZ{V H$aZm h¡& AV… BgH$m joÌ ~hþV hr ì¶mnH$ h¡
VWm Bg‘| {ZåZ{b{IV g‘ñ¶mAm| H$mo ñWmZ {X¶m Om gH$Vm h¡-
1. ~mb-ì¶dhma go gå~{ÝYV g‘ñ¶mE±
BZ g‘ñ¶mAm| H$m gå~ÝY Ho$db N>mÌm| go hmoVm h¡, O¡go- Mmoar H$aZm,
{dÚmb¶ Z AmZm, Xoa ‘| AmZm ¶m ^mJ OmZm, {dÚmb¶ H$s gån[Îm H$mo hm{Z
nhþ±MmZm, H$jm ‘| emoa ‘MmZm, eamaV H$aZm, ¶m¡Z AnamY H$aZm, EH$ Xÿgao
Ho$ b‹S>Zm, PJ‹S>Zm ¶m ‘manrQ> H$aZm Am{X &
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2. {ejU go gå~{ÝYV g‘ñ¶mE±
BZ g‘ñ¶mAm| H$m gå~ÝY N>mÌm| VWm {ejH$m| XmoZm| go hmoVm h¡, O¡go- N>mÌm|
H$m nmR²>¶-{df¶m| H$mo Zht g‘PZm ¶m CZ‘| ê${M Zht boZm, J¥h H$m¶© ¶m
{b{IV H$m¶© Zht H$aZm, dmMZ, CÀMmaU B˶m{X H$s Amoa ܶmZ Zht XoZm&
AnZo {dMmam| H$mo 춳V H$aZo H$m Adga Zht nmZm, {ejH$m| H$m Cn¶w³V
{ejU-{d{Y¶m| H$mo Zhr AnZmZm, {ejU Ho$ {bE nyar V¡¶mar Zht H$aZm, {ejU
Ho$ {bE Cn¶w³V dmVmdaU H$m {Z‘m©U Zht H$a nmZm, N>mÌm| VWm {ejH$m| ‘|
AÀN>o gå~ÝY H$m Zht hmoZm, Am{X&
3. narjm go gå~pÝYV g‘ñ¶mE±
BZ g‘ñ¶mAm| H$m gå~ÝY àm¶… N>mÌm| go hmoVm h¡, O¡go- narjm-àUmbr H$m
{dídgZr¶, àm‘m{UH$ VWm dñVw{ZîR> Zht hmoZm, {Z~ÝYmË‘H$ àH$ma H$s
narjmAm| Ho$ H$maU N>mÌm| H$s dmñV{dH$ Cnbpãܶm| H$m ‘yë¶m§H$Z Zht hmo nmZm,
{ZXmZmË‘H$ narjUm| H$m {Z‘m©U VWm à¶moJ Zht {H$¶m OmE, CnbãY narjUm|
Ho$ à¶moJ H$s gw{dYm Zht hmoZm, N>mÌm| Ûmam M¶Z {H$¶o OmZo Ho$ {bE àíZ-nÌm|
‘| A{YH$ àíZ Zht hmoZm, narjm VWm {ejU ‘| g‘Ýd¶ Zht hmoZm Am{X&
4. nmR>mÝVa-{H«$¶mAm| go gå~pÝYV g‘ñ¶mE±
BZ g‘ñ¶mAm| H$m gå~ÝY N>mÌm|, {ejH$mo§ VWm àYmZmMm¶© go hmoVm h¡, O¡go-
nmR>mÝVa-{H«$¶mAm| Ho$ {bE n¶m©á gmYZ H$m Zht hmoZm, BZ {H«$¶mAm| H$m
{d{YdV Am¶moOZ Zht {H$¶m OmZm, BZ {H«$¶mAm| VWm nmR²>¶H«$‘ ‘| C{MV
gå~ÝY VWm gÝVwbZ H$m Zht hmoZm, BZ {H«$¶mAm| H$mo {dÚmb¶ Ho$ {bE ^ma
VWm AmS>å~a g‘Pm OmZm, BZ {H«$¶mAm| Ho$ {bE àYmZmMm¶© Ûmam H$m’$s g‘¶
Zht {X¶m OmZm, BZ {H«$¶mAm| Ho$ à{V {ejH$m| H$m CXmgrZ ahZm, BZ {H«$¶mAm|
H$mo N>mÌm| Ho$ g‘¶ H$m An춶 g‘PZm, CËgmhr N>mÌm| H$mo AnZr ê${M¶m|
Ho$ AZwgma {d{^ÝZ àH$ma H$s nmR>mÝVa {H«$¶mAm| ‘| ^mJ boZo H$m Adga Zht
{‘bZm Am{X&
5. {dÚmb¶-g§JR>Z Ed§ àemgZ go gå~{ÝYV g‘ñ¶mE±
BZ g‘ñ¶mAm| H$m gå~ÝY àm¶… {dÚmb¶ à~ÝYH$ VWm àemgH$ go hmoVm
h¡, O¡go- {dÚmb¶ ‘| ^mdmË‘H$ EH$Vm H$m A^md hmoZm, {dÚmb¶-ñVa H$m
CÝZ¶Z H$aZo ‘| Ag’$b hmoZm, {dÚmb¶ Ho$ H$jm| H$m ñdÀN> VWm hdmXma
Zht hmoZm, H$jm ‘| ñWmZ VWm ’$ZuMa H$m A^md hmoZm, {ejU narjmAm| VWm
nmR>mÝVa-{H«$¶mAm| ‘| C{MV g‘Ýd¶ H$m Zht hmoZm, H$bm, {dkmZ, ^yJmob,
B{Vhmg B˶m{X Ho$ {ímjU Ho$ {bE n¶m©á Cn¶w³V CnH$aUm| H$m A^md hmoZm,
nwñVH$mb¶, dmMZmb¶ VWm à¶moJembm H$s CÎm‘ ì¶dñWm H$m Zht hmoZm,
{ejH$m| ‘| nmañn[aH$ gh¶moJ VWm ghmZw^y{V H$s ^mdZm H$m A^md hmoZm,
N>mÌm| H$m AZwemgZhrZ hmoZm, N>mÌ-g§K VWm AܶmnH$ Ho$ H$m¶m] na {Z¶ÝÌU
H$m Zht hmoZm, Am{X&
18.14 {H«$¶mË‘H$ AZwg§YmZ Ho$ Xmof
‘m¡bo Zo {H«$¶mË‘H$ AZwg§YmZ ‘| {ZåZ{b{IV ‘w»¶ Xmofm| H$s Amoa g§Ho$V {H$¶m
h¡-
1. {H«$¶mË‘H$ AZwg§YmZ ‘| loîR>Vm Am¡a CÎm‘ JwU H$m A^md hmoVm h¡,
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
n¥îR> 358 {H«$¶mË‘H$ AZwgÝYmZ àJʶ
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³¶m|{H$ {ejH$, {ZarjH$ Am{X H$mo AZwg§YmZ H$aZo H$m H$moB© AZw^d 2. {H«$¶mË‘H$ AZwg§YmZ {ejH$, àemgH$ ‘m¡{bH$ AZwg§YmZ Zo {ejm Ho$ joÌ
¶m à{ejU Zht hmoVm h¡& VWm {ZarjH$m| ‘| d¡km{ZH$ àd¥[Îm ‘| Z¶o {gÕmÝVmo§ H$s ImoO H$aZo ‘|
2. {H«$¶mË‘H$ AZwg§YmZ H$aZo dmbo {ejH$, {ZarjH$ Am{X AZwg§YmZ OmJ«V H$aVm h¡& ghm¶Vm H$s h¡&
H$s d¡km{ZH$ {d{Y go AZ{^k hmoZo Ho$ H$maU g‘ñ¶m Am¡a CgHo$ 3. ¶h Cgr {dÚmb¶ go gå~pÝYV ahVm g‘ñ¶m H$m joÌ ì¶mnH$ hmoVm h¡&
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hb ImoOZo ‘| Ag‘W© hmoVo h¢&
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H$s g‘ñ¶mAm| go BVZm gå~ÝY hmoVm h¡ {H$ CZH$m g‘mYmZ H$aVo h¡& h¡&
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ì¶mdhm[aH$ H${R>ZmB©¶m| go gå~{ÝYV A{YH$ {ZH$Q> hmoVr h¡&
Ag’$b hmoVo h¢&
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n[apñW{V ‘| EH$ {deof g‘ñ¶m hmoVr h¡& Bg g‘ñ¶m H$m hb Zht hmoVr& AZmdí¶H$ h¡&
ImoOZo dmbm {ejH$ Xÿgao {dÚmb¶ ‘| OmZo Ho$ ~mX dhm± CgH$m
7. AZwg§YmZ H$s ê$naoIm ‘| g‘¶ Ho$ AZwg§YmZ H$s ê$naoIm {ZpíMV VWm
à¶moJ Zht H$a nmVm h¡& AZwgma n[adV©Z {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡& An[adV©Zerb hmoVr h¡&
5. {H«$¶mË‘H$ AZwg§YmZ H$m ^ma CZ {ejH$m| H$mo dhZ H$aZm n‹S>Vm 8. AZwg§YmZH$Vm© ‘| {deof ¶mo½¶Vm H$s AZwg§YmZH$Vm© ‘§o {deof ¶mo½¶Vm H$s
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18.15 {H«$¶mË‘H$ d ‘m¡{bH$ AZwg§YmZ ‘| AÝVa UPTET - 95301 43210
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AÝVa {XImB© XoVm h¡& ‘m¡{bH$ AZwg§YmZ H$mo naånamJV AZwg§YmZ ^r H$hm UTET - 72209 29294
J¶m h¡& ‘m¡{bH$ AZwg§YmZ Ho$ CÔoí¶, joÌ VWm AZwg§YmZH$Vm©Am| Ho$ ÑpîQ>H$moU JTET - 72209 29239
Am¡a H$m¶©-àUmbr ‘| ì¶mnH$Vm hmoVr h¡, O~{H$ {H«$¶mË‘H$ AZwg§YmZ H$m joÌ, HTET - 72209 29266
CÔoí¶ VWm Aݶ ~mV| gr{‘V hmoVr h¢& {H«$¶mË‘H$ AZwg§YmZ Am¡a ‘m¡{bH$ CGTET - 72209 28969
HPTET - 72209 28535
AZwg§YmZ ‘| ^oXm| H$mo ZrMo ñnîQ> {H$¶m J¶m h¡-
H«$. {H«$¶mË‘H$ AZwg§YmZ ‘m¡{bH$ AZwg§YmZ AmnHo$ ³bmg Ho$ ìhmQ²>gEn Jw«n ‘| {ejm g§~§Yr g^r à{V¶moJr narjm Ho$
g§.
nong©, ‘m°S>b nong© Ed§ Aݶ Aܶ¶Z gm‘J«r ^oOr OmEJr& AmnH$m ewê$ go
1. Bg AZwg§YmZ Ûmam {dÚmb¶ H$s Bg‘| Ma‘ V϶m| H$s ImoO H$s Amoa
‘mJ©Xe©Z {H$¶m OmEJm, Vm{H$ Amn à{V¶moJr narjm ‘| A{VerK« g’$bVm
J{V{d{Y¶m| ‘| gwYma Ed§ àJ{V H$mo Amoa ܶmZ {X¶m OmVm h¡&
ܶmZ {X¶m OmVm h¡& àmá H$a gH|$&
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
àJʶ {H«$¶mË‘H$ AZwgÝYmZ n¥îR> 359

Aä¶mgmW© àíZ 11. {H«$¶mË‘H$ AZwg§YmZ ‘| n[aUm‘m| H$m à¶moJH$Vm© hmoVm h¡-
(1) {ZarjH$ (2) àYmZmMm¶©
(3) emoYH$Vm© (4) {ejH$

12. {H«$¶mË‘H$ AZwg§YmZ Ho$ {ZîH$fm] H$m ê$n hmoVm h¡-

1. {H«$¶mË‘H$ AZwg§YmZ h¡-
(1) gm‘mݶrH$aU (2) {gÕmÝV H$m à{VnmXZ
(1) ~mø ‘yë¶m§H$Z (2) AmÝV[aH$ ‘yë¶m§H$Z
(3) ì¶mdhm[aH$ ê$n (4) Cnamo³V g^r
(3) 1 d 2 XmoZm| (4) Cnamo³V H$moB© Zht
13. {H«$¶mË‘H$ AZwg§YmZ Ho$ {bE ³¶m Amdí¶H$ h¡?
2. [H«$¶mË‘H$ AZwgÝYmZ H$m CÔoí¶ h¡-
(1) ໶mV {ejH$ (2) n¶m©á {ejH$
(1) ZdrZ kmZ H$s ImoO
(3) n[aH$ënZm {Z‘m©U (4) H$jm-H$j
(2) e¡{jH$ n[apñW{V¶m| ‘| ì¶dhma {dkmZ H$m {dH$mg
(3) {dÚmb¶ VWm H$jm H$s e¡{jH$ H$m¶© àUmbr ‘| gwYma bmZm 14. {H«$¶mË‘H$ AZwg§YmZ {ejm OJV² ‘| H$~ à{VpîR>V hþAm?
(4) BZ‘| go g^r (1) 1948 ‘| (2) 1953 ‘|
(3) 1955 ‘| (4) 1945 ‘|
3. {H«$¶mË‘H$ AZwg§YmZ H$m ‘w»¶ CÔoí¶ h¡-
(1) g¡ÕmpÝVH$ (2) V϶mË‘H$ 15. {H«$¶mË‘H$ emoY H$s ê$naoIm hmoVr h¡-
(3) ì¶mdhm[aH$ (4) Cnamo³V g^r (1) bMrbr (2) Z‘Zr¶
(3) H$R>moa (4) gab
4. {H«$¶mË‘H$ AZwg§YmZ Ho$ àdV©H$ h¢-
(1) Om°Z S>ãë¶y. doñQ> (2) ñQ>r’$Z E‘. H$moao 16. {H«$¶mË‘H$ emoY ‘| CnH$aU à¶w³V hmoVm h¡-
(3) H$Q>©br{dZ (4) H$moB© Zht (1) AdbmoH$Z (2) àíZmdbr
(3) gmjmËH$ma (4) Cn¶w©³V VrZm|
5. {H«$¶mË‘H$ AZwg§YmZ H$m gd©àW‘ gyÌnmV {H$g Xoe ‘| hþAm?
(1) ^maV ‘| (2) ê$g ‘| 17. {H«$¶mË‘H$ AZwg§YmZ hoVw gmonmZ hmoVo h¢-
(3) BQ>br ‘| (4) A‘o[aH$m ‘| (1) 4 (2) 7
(3) 6 (4) 10
6. [H«$¶mË‘H$ AZwg§YmZ eãX H$m gd©àW‘ à¶moJ {H$gZo {H$¶m?
(1) ãbo¶a Zo (2) {gångZ Zo 18. EÊS>agZ Ho$ AZwgma, {H«$¶mË‘H$ AZwg§YmZ Ho$ nX (gmonmZ) h¢-
(3) H$mo{b¶a Zo (4) ñQ>r’$Z H$moao Zo (1) 3 (2) 7
(3) 5 (4) 4
7. {H«$¶mË‘H$ AZwg§YmZ H$mo {ejm OJV ‘| ñWm¶r ê$n go {H$gZo à{V[îR>V
{H$¶m? 19. {H«$¶mË‘H$ AZwg§YmZ gå~pÝYV h¡-
(1) ãbo¶a Zo (2) bo{dZ Zo (1) {ejH$ go (2) {ejmWu go
(3) H$mo{b¶a Zo (4) ñQ>r’$Z E‘. H$moao Zo (3) {dÚmb¶ go (4) Cnamo³V g^r go
8. {H«$¶mË‘H$ AZwg§YmZ gr{‘V hmoVm h¡- 20. {H«$¶mË‘H$ AZwg§YmZ H$m ‘yb CÔoí¶ h¡-
(1) {dÚmWu VH$ (2) ‘whëbo VH$ (1) g‘ñ¶m H$m g‘mYmZ Ty>±‹T>Zm (2) ZdrZ emoY H$aZm
(3) g‘mO VH$ (4) {dÚmb¶ VH$ (3) Cnm{Y àmá H$aZm (4) nwañH$ma àmá H$aZm
9. {hÝXr {ejU ‘| {H«$¶mË‘H$ AZwg§YmZ H$s g‘ñ¶m h¡- 21. {H«$¶mË‘H$ AZwg§YmZ H$m à¶moJ {ejm ‘| H$aZo H$m lo¶ {H$go OmVm h¡?
(1) ewÕ CÀMmaU (2) ewÕ {bIZm (1) aoS>‘¡Z H$mo (2) S>rdr H$mo
(3) dm³¶ g§aMZm (4) Cnamo³V g^r (3) ñQ>r’$Z E‘. H$moao H$mo (4) pñH$Za H$mo
10. {H«$¶mË‘H$ AZwg§YmZ H$m gånmXZ H$aVm h¡- 22. {H«$¶mË‘H$ AZwg§YmZ dh AZwg§YmZ h¡, Omo EH$ ì¶{³V AnZo CÔoí¶m|
(1) emoYH$Vm© (2) {hÝXr {ejH$ H$mo A{YH$ CÎm‘ àH$ma go àmá H$aZo Ho$ {bE H$aVm h¡& C³V n[a^mfm
(3) 1 d 2 XmoZm| (4) Cnamo³V H$moB© Zht

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22.
(3) (4) (3) (2) (4) (3) (4) (4) (4) (2) (3) (3) (3) (2) (1) (4) (2) (2) (4) (1) (3) (3)
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
n¥îR> 360 {H«$¶mË‘H$ AZwgÝYmZ àJʶ
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
Xr h¡- 29. {H«$¶mË‘H$ AZwg§YmZ EH$ Eogr à{H«$¶m h¡, {OgHo$ Ûmam Aä¶mgH$Vm©
(1) H$moR>mar Am¶moJ Zo (2) ‘wXm{b¶a Am¶moJ Zo AnZo {ZU©¶m| H$m ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$aZo VWm {ZX}eZ Ho$ {bE g‘ñ¶mAm| H$m
(3) [agM© BZ EOwHo$eZ Zo (4) BZ‘| go H$moB© Zht d¡km{ZH$ {d{Y Ûmam Aܶ¶Z H$aZo H$m à¶mg H$aVo h¢& ¶h n[a^mfm
{H$gZo Xr?
23. {ejH$ Ho$ g‘j CnpñWV hmoZo dmbr g‘ñ¶mAm| ‘| go AZoH$ g‘ñ¶mE±
(1) bo{dZ Zo (2) Eg. E‘. H$moao Zo
VËH$mb hr g‘mYmZ MmhVr h¢& ‘m¡Ho$ na {H$¶o OmZo dmbo AZwg§YmZ {OZH$m (3) H$mQ>a© dr. JwS> Zo (4) JwS> Ed§ hmQ> Zo
CÔoí¶ VmËH$m{bH$ g‘ñ¶m H$m g‘mYmZ hmoVm h¡, {ejm ‘| gmYmaUV…
{H«$¶mË‘H$ AZwg§YmZ Ho$ Zm‘ go à{gÕ h¡& ¶h H$WZ h¡- 30. {H«$¶mË‘H$ AZwg§YmZ ‘| 7 gmonmZ {H$gZo Amdí¶H$ ‘mZo h¢?
(1) ‘m¡bo H$m (2) H$moao H$m (1) ñQ>r’$Z H$moao Zo (2) EÊS>agZ Zo
(3) ~|W‘ H$m (4) ha~Q>© H$m (3) nrQ>agZ Zo (4) ãbo¶a Zo

24. {eúmm ‘| {H«$¶mË‘H$ AZwg§YmZ H$m¶©H$Vm©Am| Ho$ Ûmam {H$¶m OmZo dmbm 31. {H«$¶mË‘H$ AZwg§YmZ H$s àUmbr H$m/Ho$ gmonmZ h¡/h¢-
AZwg§YmZ h¡, Vm{H$ do AnZo H$m¶© ‘| gwYma H$a gHo$& ¶h H$WZ h¡- (1) àñVmdm| na {dMma-{d‘e© (2) ¶moOZm H$m M¶Z
(1) {‘ba H$m (2) H$moao H$m (3) g‘ñ¶m H$m kmZ (4) Cnamo³V g^r
(3) EÊS>agZ H$m (4) ‘m¡bo H$m
32. {H«$¶mË‘H$ AZwg§YmZ H$m {ÛVr¶ gmonmZ h¡-
25. {ZåZ ‘| go {H«$¶mË‘H$ AZwg§YmZ H$m joÌ h¡- (1) CnH$ënZm {Z‘m©U ~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg
(1) narjm go gå~pÝYV g‘ñ¶mE± (2) V϶ g§J«h {d{Y¶m± nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV²
(2) {dÚmb¶ àemgZ go gå~pÝYV g‘ñ¶mE± (3) ¶moOZm H$m H$m¶m©Ýd¶Z g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m
(3) ~mb ì¶dhma go gå~pÝYV g‘ñ¶mE± (4) H$m¶© Ho$ {bE àñVmdm| na {dMma-{d‘e© OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr
(4) Cnamo³V g^r h¡ {H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV
33. {H«$¶mË‘H$ AZwg§YmZ H$m ApÝV‘ gmonmZ h¡- g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ
26. {H«$¶mË‘H$ AZwg§YmZ H$s {deofVm Zht h¡- (1) g‘ñ¶m H$m M¶Z àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ>
(1) {dÚmb¶ H$s dmñV{dH$ n[apñW{V¶m| H$m gm‘mݶrH$aU gm‘m{OH$ (2) V϶m| H$m g§J«h www.praganya.org
n[apñW{V¶m| ‘| {H$¶m OmVm h¡& (3) Xÿgam| H$mo n[aUm‘m| H$s gyMZm XoZm go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
(2) BgH$m ܶmZ AZoH$ n[apñW{V¶m| na Ho$pÝÐV ahVm h¡& (4) ¶moOZm H$m H$m¶m©Ýd¶Z
(3) ¶h {d{^ÝZ àH$ma H$s gm‘J«r Ed§ gyMZmAm| H$mo EH$Ì H$aZo Ho$ {bE
gmYZm| H$m {Z‘m©U H$aVm h¡& 34. {ZåZ ‘| go {H«$¶mË‘H$ AZwg§YmZ H$m ‘yb CÔoí¶ ³¶m h¡?
(4) ¶h Aݶ n[apñW{V¶m| Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘| gm‘mݶrH$aU ñWm{nV H$aVm h¡& (1) {dÚmb¶ H$s H$m¶© àUmbr ‘| gwYma H$aZm&
(2) {dÚmb¶ H$m Am{W©H$ T>m±Mm gwYmaZm&
27. {H«$¶mË‘H$ AZwg§YmZ H$s EH$ g~go ‘hÎdnyU© {deofVm h¡-àoaUm (3) Z¶o {gÕmÝVm| H$s ImoO H$aZm&
Omo ¶h {ejH$m|, {ZarjH$m| Am¡a àemgH$m| H$mo n[aUm‘m§o H$m A{YH$ (4) nwamZo {gÕmÝVm| H$s ì¶m»¶m H$aZm&
AmË‘{ZîR> Am¡a AmH$pñ‘H$ ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$m ˶mJ H$aZo Am¡a {dMmam| H$m
35. {H«$¶mË‘H$ AZwg§YmZ go hb H$s Om gH$Vr h¡-
narjU H$aZo Ho$ {bE {d{^ÝZ àH$ma Ho$ à‘mUm| H$m A{YH$ dñVw{ZîR> (1) n¶m©daU àXÿfU H$s g‘ñ¶m
g§J«h H$aZo Ho$ {bE XoVm h¡& ¶h H$WZ h¡- (2) g‘mO H$s ~wamB¶m±
(1) EÊS>agZ H$m (2) H$moao H$m (3) ~mbH$m| ‘| PJ‹S>o H$s g‘ñ¶m
(3) ‘m¡bo H$m (4) {‘ba H$m (4) Cn¶w©³V g^r
28. {H«$¶mË‘H$ AZwg§YmZ H$m JwU h¡- 36. {H«$¶mË‘H$ AZwg§YmZ Ûmam {ZåZ ‘| go H$m¡Zgm H$m¶© Zht {H$¶m OmVm
(1) {H«$¶mË‘H$ AZwg§YmZ ‘| loîR>Vm Am¡a CÎm‘ JwU H$m A^md hmoVm h¡& h¡?
(2) g‘ñ¶m H$m dmñV{dH$ hb ImoOZo ‘| Ag‘W© hmoVm h¡ (1) g‘ñ¶mAm| H$m ì¶mdhm[aH$ Aܶ¶Z H$aZm
(3) BgH$m ì¶mnH$ à¶moJ Zht {H$¶m Om gH$Vm (2) g‘ñ¶mAm| H$m ì¶mdhm[aH$ g‘mYmZ {ZH$mbZm
(4) {ejH$ Ho$ ì¶dhma, CgHo$ {dMma Am¡a ÑpîQ>H$moU H$mo gH$mamË‘H$ (3) H$m¶© àUmbr ‘| gwYma bmZm
n[adV©Z H$aVm h¡& (4) kmZ Ho$ joÌ ‘| ZdrZ ¶moJXmZ XoZm

23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36.
(1) (2) (4) (4) (1) (4) (2) (2) (4) (4) (3) (1) (3) (4)
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
àJʶ {H«$¶mË‘H$ AZwgÝYmZ n¥îR> 361

37. {dÚmb¶ ‘| {H«$¶mË‘H$ AZwg§YmZ H$m à¶moJ {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡- (2) AmYw{ZH$ gm{h˶ Ho$ ~XbVo ê$n
(1) {ejU {d{Y¶m| d à{d{Y¶m| ‘| gwYma hoVw (3) eo³g{n¶a H$s H${dVmAm| ‘| gm¡ÝX¶© ~moY
(2) {dÚm{W©¶m| ‘| Aܶ¶Z Ho$ à{V é{M {dH${gV H$aZo hoVw (4) Cn¶w©³V ‘| H$moB© Zht
(3) {dÚmb¶ ‘| AZwemgZ go gå~pÝYV g‘ñ¶mAm| Ho$ gwYma hoVw
(4) Cn¶w©³V g^r 45. {H«$¶mË‘H$ AZwg§YmZ Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘| {ZåZ ‘| go H$m¡Zgm H$WZ ghr
Zht h¡?
38. {H«$¶mË‘H$ AZwg§YmZ hoVw àW‘ gmonmZ h¡- (1) ¶h AܶmnH$m| Ed§ {ejm ì¶dgm¶ go Ow‹S>o bmoJm§o Ho$ Ûmam {H$¶m OmVm h¡&
(1) g‘ñ¶m H$s nhMmZ H$aZm (2) ¶h {H$gr {d{eîQ> g‘ñ¶m Ho$ g‘mYmZ Ho$ {bE {H$¶m OmVm h¡&
(2) g‘ñ¶m H$mo n[a^m{fV H$aZm (3) ì¶mnH$ ñVa na {ZU©¶ boZo Ho$ {bE gyMZm g§H$bZ H$m H$m¶© Bg‘| {H$¶m
(3) H$maUm| H$m {díbofU H$aZm OmVm h¡&
(4) n[aH$ënZmAm| H$m {Z‘m©U H$aZm (4) ñWmZr¶ ñVa na amoO‘am© H$s g‘ñ¶mAm| Ho$ g‘mYmZ Ho$ {b¶o {H«$¶mË‘H$
AZwg§YmZ {H$¶m OmVm h¡&
39. {H«$¶mË‘H$ AZwg§YmZ H$m ApÝV‘ MaU h¡-
(1) nhMmZ (2) n[a^mfm 46. {H«$¶mË‘H$ AZwg§YmZ H$m CÔoí¶ h¡-
(3) n[aH$ënZm (4) {ZîH$f© (1) ZdrZ kmZ H$s ImoO
(2) e¡{jH$ n[apñW{V¶m| ‘| ì¶dhma {dkmZ H$m {dH$mg
40. amOñWmZ ‘| e¡{jH$ joÌ ‘| {H«$¶mË‘H$ AZwg§YmZ H$mo ~‹T>mdm XoZo dmbr (3) {dÚmb¶ VWm H$jm H$s e¡{jH$ H$m¶© àUmbr ‘| gwYma bmZm
g§ñWm h¡- (4) BZ‘| go g^r
(1) gd© {ejm A{^¶mZ
(2) amîQ´>r¶ ‘mܶ{‘H$ {ejm A[^¶mZ *******
(3) ‘mܶ{‘H$ {ejm ~moS>©, amOñWmZ
(4) amOñWmZ nmR²>¶-nwñVH$ ‘ÊS>b
àJʶ àH$meZ Ûmam CTET Ed§ à˶oH$ amÁ¶ Ho$ TET (UPTET, MP
41. {ejm Ho$ joÌ ‘| {H«$¶mË‘H$ AZwg§YmZ H$mo àmoËgmhZ XoZo hoVw àm¶mo{JH$
Samvida, BTET, UTET, JTET, HTET, CGTET, HPTET)
¶moOZm H$m àmén {H$gHo$ Ûmam {Z{‘©V {H$¶m J¶m h¡?
Ho$ {bE ‘m°S>b nona H$s ’«$s PDF àH$m{eV H$s OmVr h¡& ‘m°S>b nona H$s ’«$s
(1) NCERT (2) IASE
(3) SIERT (4) CTE PDF àmá H$aZo Ho$ {bE {ZåZ{b{IV Whatsapp No. AnZo H$m°boO Ho$
³bmg J«wn ¶m H$moqMJ Ho$ ³bmg Jw«n ¶m Aݶ ñQ>S>r Jw«n ‘| Om|S>o& AmnHo$ J«wn ‘|
42. {H«$¶mË‘H$ AZwg§YmZ Ho$ {df¶ ‘| H$m¡Zgm H$WZ JbV h¡? ‘m°S>b nona ^ooO {XE OmE±J|&
(1) BgHo$ n[aUm‘m| H$m à¶moJ emoYH$Vm© hr H$aVm h¡&
(2) BgHo$ n[aUm‘m| H$m gm‘mݶrH$aU {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡& REET - 94604 43210
(3) H$m¶© H$aZo dmbm hr emoYH$Vm© hmoVm h¡& UPTET - 95301 43210
(4) ¶h X¡{ZH$ g‘ñ¶mAm| Ho$ g‘mYmZ ‘| ghm¶H$ h¡& MP Samvida - 95302 43210
BTET - 95302 43210
43. {ZåZ ‘o§ go {H«$¶mË‘H$ AZwg§YmZ Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘| Ag˶ H$WZ h¡- UTET - 72209 29294
(1) ¶h {dÚmb¶ H$s H$m¶© àUmbr ‘| g§emoYZ Am¡a gwYma H$aVm h¡& JTET - 72209 29239
HTET - 72209 29266
(2) ¶h {dÚmb¶ ‘| OZVÝÌmË‘H$ ‘yë¶m| H$s ñWmnZm na ~b XoVm h¡&
CGTET - 72209 28969
(3) ¶h {dÚmb¶ à~ÝYH$m|, N>mÌm| d {ejH$m| Am{X H$s g‘ñ¶mAm| H$m
HPTET - 72209 28535
ì¶mdhm[aH$ g‘mYmZ H$aVm h¡&
(4) ¶h {dÚmb¶ ‘§o ¶mpÝÌH$ Am¡a naånamJV dmVmdaU ~ZmZo H$m à¶ËZ
H$aVm h¡&

44. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgm {df¶ {H«$¶mË‘H$ AZwg§YmZ H$m hmo gH$Vm

h¡?
(1) {dÚmb¶ ‘| N>mÌm| ‘| AZwemgZ H$s g‘ñ¶m H$m {ZXmZ

37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46.
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Aܶm¶ 19
{Z…ewëH$ Ed§ A{Zdm¶© {ejm A{YH$ma A{Y{Z¶‘,2009
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CÎmaXm{¶Ëd h¡ {H$ AmOr{dH$m H$s Xm¡‹S> ‘| amîQ´> Ho$ g^r ~ÀMm| H$mo, Mmho do YZr
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‘O~yV, gmja Am¡a A{YH$ma gånÝZ ~ZmZo H$m ‘mJ© àeñV H$aZm gaH$ma H$m
à‘wI CÎmaXm{¶Ëd h¡& Xoe Ho$ g^r ~ÀMm| H$mo JwUdÎmmnyU© Am¡a A{Zdm¶© {ejm
n«XmZ H$aZm VWm kmZ, H$m¡eb Am¡a ‘yë¶ go b¡g H$a CÝh| ^maV H$m à~wwÕ
ZmJ[aH$ ~ZmZm hr gaH$ma H$m à‘wI CÔoí¶ h¡& ñdVÝÌVm Ho$ ~mX àmW{‘H$
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‘| {Z…ewëH$ Ed§ A{Zdm¶© {ejm A{YH$ma A{Y{Z¶‘, 2009 ^r gaH$ma Ûmam
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19.2 A{Y{Z¶‘ H$m {Z‘m©U
1 Aà¡b, 2010 H$mo, {Z…ewëH$ Am¡a A{Zdm¶© ~mb {ejm H$m A{YH$ma
A{Y{Z¶‘, 2009 Oå‘y Ed§ H$í‘ra H$mo N>mo‹S>H$a gmao Xoe ‘| bmJy H$a {X¶m
J¶m& ¶h A{Y{Z‘¶ 6 go 14 df©© Ho$ Am¶w dJ© Ho$ g^r ~ÀMm| H$mo {Z…ewëH$
Am¡a A{Zdm¶© {ejm àXmZ H$aZo hoVw {d{^ÝZ àmdYmZm| Ed§ CZ àmdYmZm| H$mo
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Bg A{Y{Z¶‘ Ho$ bmJy hmooZo Ho$ ~mX 6 go 14 df© VH$ Ho$ à˶oH$ ~ÀMo Ho$ {bE
{ejm H$m A{YH$ma ‘m¡{bH$ A{YH$ma h¡ VWm g^r ~ÀMm| H$mo H$jm 8 VH$ {Z…
ewëH$ {ejm CnbãY H$amZo H$m Xm{¶Ëd amÁ¶ H$m h¡&
nyd© ‘| gZ² 1948 ‘| g§{dYmZ g^m Ho$ gm‘Zo ^r {ejm H$mo ‘m¡{bH$
A{YH$ma ~ZmZo H$s ‘m±J CR>r Wr, bo{H$Z V~ CÝhm|Zo Bgo ‘m¡{bH$ A{YH$ma Z
‘mZVo hþE Zr{V {ZX}eH$ {gÕmÝVm| H$s gyMr ‘| aIm Am¡a AZwÀN>oX 45 ‘| {bIm
{H$ amÁ¶ Bg g§{dYmZ Ho$ bmJy hmoZo Ho$ 10 df© H$s Ad{Y ‘| g^r ~ÀMm| Ho$
{bE O~ VH$ {H$ do 14 df© H$s Am¶w H$mo àmá Zht H$a boVo, {Z…ewëH$ Am¡a
A{Zdm¶© {ejm CnbãY H$amZo H$m à¶mg H$aoJm&
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AZwÀN>oX 21A Omo‹S>m J¶m, {Og‘| H$hm J¶m {H$ amÁ¶ 6 go 14 df© Ho$ Am¶w
dJ© dmbo g^r ~ÀMm| Ho$ {bE {Z…ewëH$ d A{Zdm¶© {ejm CnbãY H$amZo H$m,
Eogr ar{V ‘| Omo amÁ¶ {d{Y Ûmam AdYm[aV H$ao, Cn~ÝY H$aoJm& BgHo$ gmW
hr AZwÀN>oX 45 Ho$ {bE {ZåZ{b{IV AZwÀN>oX ñWmZmnÝZ {H$¶m-
amÁ¶ g^r ~ÀMm| H$mo O~ VH$ do AnZr 6 df© H$s Am¶w nyar Zht H$a boVo, ~MnZ
nyd© gwajm CnbãY H$amZo H$m à¶mg H$aoJm&
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Ho$ VhV amÁ¶ gaH$ma Zo Bg A{Y{Z¶‘ Ho$ àmdYmZm| H$s {H«$¶mpÝd{V hoVw
amOñWmZ {Z…ewëH$ Am¡a A{Zdm¶© ~mb {ejm H$m A{YH$ma A{Y{Z¶‘, 2011
{Z{‘©V H$a 29 ‘mM©, 2011 H$mo A{Ygy{MV H$a {X¶m& BgHo$ àmdYmZ amÁ¶
Ho$ g^r gaH$mar Ed§ J¡a gaH$mar àmW{‘H$ Ed§ CÀM àmW{‘H$ {dÚmb¶m| VWm
Eogo ‘mܶ{‘H$ Ed§ CÀM ‘mܶ{‘H$ {dÚmb¶m|, {OZ‘| H$jm 1 go 8 VH$ {ejU
hmoVm h¡, na bmJy hmoVo h¢&
19.3 A{Y{Z¶‘ H$s {deofVmE±
{Z…ewëH$ Ed§ A{Zdm¶© ~mb {ejm A{YH$ma A{Y{Z¶‘,2009 H$s Hw$N> à‘wI
{deofVmE± {ZåZ{b{IV h¡-
1. gaH$ma Ho$ {bE 6 go 14 df© Ho$ Am¶w dJ© Ho$ ~mbH$/~m{bH$mAm|
H$mo {e{jV H$aZm A{Zdm¶© hmoJm&
2. g^r amÁ¶ gaH$mam| Am¡a ñWmZr¶ {ZH$m¶m| Ho$ {bE ¶h A{Zdm¶©
hmoJm {H$ Cg joÌ {deof Ho$ g^r ~mbH$m| H$mo {dÚmb¶ ^oO|&
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~ÀMm| H$s Vbme H$a|Jo&
4. A{^^mdH$m| H$s ^r ¶h {Oå‘oXmar hmoJr {H$ ~ÀMm| H$mo {dÚmb¶ ^oOo&
5. ~mbH$m| H$mo AZwÎmrU© Zht {H$¶m Om¶o&
6. H$moB© ^r {dÚmb¶ ~ÀMm| H$mo àdoe XoZo go BÝH$ma Zht H$a gHo$Jm&
7. 60 {dÚm{W©¶m| VH$ n‹T>mZo Ho$ {bE H$‘ go H$‘ 2 à{e{jV {ejH$
hm|Jo&
8. Bg H$mZyZ ‘| àmdYmZ h¡ {H$ EH$ {ejH$ na 40 go A{YH$ N>mÌ
Zht hm|Jo& Omo {H$ H$moR>mar Am¶moJ H$s AZwe§gm 1…30 go H$‘ h¡&
9. {dH$bm§J, ‘ÝX~w{Õ ~ÀMm| Ho$ {bE à{e{jV {ejH$m| H$s ì¶dñWm
hmoJr&
10. IM© H$m dhZ Ho$ÝÐ d amÁ¶ gaH$ma| {‘bH$a H$ao§Jr&
11. ~mbH$m| H$mo Ka go 1 {H$‘r. Ho$ Xm¶ao ‘| ñHy$b CnbãY H$amZm hmoJm&
12. amÁ¶ gaH$ma| 6 df© go H$‘ Am¶w Ho$ ~mbH$m| Ho$ {bE àr-ñHy$qbJ
H$s ì¶dñWm H$a|Jr&
13. gÌ ewê$ hmoZo go 6 ‘hrZo ~mX VH$ àdoe {X¶m OmEJm&
14. {ZOr {dÚmb¶m| ‘| 25 ’$sgXr grQ> Jar~ ~ÀMm| Ho$ {bE Ama[jV
hmoJr&
15. {ZOr ñHy$bm| ‘| H$moB© nyd© ñH«$sqZJ Q>oñQ>, à{V¶mo{JVm Am{X na
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à{V~ÝY hmoJm& 2. Ymam 4
16. AܶmnH$m| H$mo AZmdí¶H$ gaH$mar H$m¶m] go ‘w³V aIm OmEJm& 6 go A{YH$ Am¶w Ho$ ~mbH$m| H$mo {OÝh| {dÚmb¶ ‘| àdoe Zht {X¶m J¶m, Ho$
17. VrZ df© H$s Ad{Y ‘| AmYma^yV gw{dYmAm| H$s ì¶dñWm {dÚmb¶m| {bE {deof Cn~ÝY&
‘| H$amB© OmEJr&
3. Ymam 5
18. ~ÀMm| H$m ñHy$b ’$sg, ¶y{Z’$m°‘©, {H$Vm~m|, n[adhZ, ‘ܶm• O¡gr
~mbH$m| H$mo Aݶ {dÚmb¶m| ‘| ñWmZmÝVaU H$m A{YH$ma hmoVm h¡¡&
ì¶dñWmAm| na IM© ^r eyݶ hmoJm&
4. Ymam 6
3 df© Ho$ ^rVa ñHy$b H$m ~w{Z¶mXr T>m±Mm V¡¶ma H$aZm hmoJm& {ZYm©[aV gr‘m ‘|
19.4 A{Y{Z‘¶ Ho$ Aܶm¶ {dÚmb¶ ñWm{nV hmoZm Mm{hE&
{Z…ewëH$ Ed§ A{Zdm¶© {ejm A{YH$ma A{Y{Z¶‘, 2009 Ho$ AÝVJ©V gmV 5. Ymam 12
Aܶm¶ gpå‘{bV h¢, Omo {ZåZ{b[IV h¢- Xþ~©b Ed§ Abm{^V g‘yh Ho$ {bE ZOXrH$s {ZOr {dÚmb¶ ‘| 25 à{VeV
1. àW‘ Aܶm¶ AmajU {X¶m OmEJm&
àW‘ Aܶm¶ ‘| A{Y{Z¶‘ H$m g§{já Zm‘, {dñVma Ed§ àmaå^ gpå‘{bV h¢ 6. Ymam 15
VWm Xmo n[a^mfmE± ^r Xr JB© h¡& ~mbH$ àmaå^ ‘| AWdm {d{hV g‘¶ 6 ‘mh VH$ H$^r ^r {dÚmb¶ ‘| àdoe
2. {ÛVr¶ Aܶm¶ bo gH$Vm h¡&
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Am¡a A{Zdm¶© {ejm H$m A{YH$ma, Aݶ {dÚmb¶ ‘| ñWmZmÝVaU H$m A{YH$ma {H$gr {dÚmb¶ Ûmam ~mbH$ H$mo {H$gr H$jm ‘| àdoe boZo go amoH$m Zht OmEJm
VWm àdoe Z {XE JE ~mbH$m| Ho$ {bE {deof Cn~ÝYm| H$m dU©Z {H$¶m J¶m h¡& Am¡a Z hr {ZîH$m{gV {H$¶m OmEJm&
3. V¥Vr¶ Aܶm¶ 8. Ymam 19
V¥Vr¶ Aܶm¶ Ho$ AÝVJ©V g‘w{MV gaH$ma, ñWmZr¶ àm{YH$mar Am¡a ‘mVm- {dÚmb¶ H$mo ‘mݶVm àXmZ H$aVm h¡, Bg‘| {Z¶‘ h¡&
{nVm Ho$ H$Îm©ì¶ gpå‘{bV h¢&
9. Ymam 21
4. MVwW© Aܶm¶ à˶oH$ {dÚmb¶ EH$ {dÚmb¶ g{‘{V H$m JR>Z H$aoJm& g{‘{V ‘| H$‘ go H$‘
MVwW© Aܶm¶ ‘| {dÚmb¶ Am¡a {ejH$m| Ho$ CÎmaXm{¶Ëd H$m dU©Z {H$¶m J¶m h¡& VrZ Mm¡WmB© gXñ¶ ‘mVm-{nVm ¶m g§ajH$ hm|Jo, 50 à{VeV pñ̶m± g{‘{V
5. n§M‘ Aܶm¶ H$s gXñ¶ hm|Jr& BgHo$ gXñ¶ ~mbH$m| Ho$ ‘mVm-{nVm ¶m g§ajH$ Am¡a {ejH$m|
n§M‘ Aܶm¶ ‘| àmapå^H$ {ejm Ho$ nmR²>¶H«$‘ Am¡a CgHo$ nyam {H$E OmZo Ho$ Ho$ {Zdm©{MV à{V{Z{Y gXñ¶ hm|Jo&
gå~ÝY ‘| dU©Z {H$¶m J¶m h¡& 10. Ymam 22
6. fîR>‘² Aܶm¶ à˶oH$ {dÚmb¶ à~ÝY g{‘{V EH$ {dÚmb¶ {dH$mg ¶moOZm ~ZmEJr&
fîR>‘² Aܶm¶ ‘| ~mbH$m| Ho$ A{YH$mam| Ho$ g§ajU H$m àmdYmZ h¡& 11. Ymam 23
7. gᑲ Aܶm¶ Ymam 23 H$s CnYmam 1 Ho$ AZwgma {Z¶w³V {ejH$ {dÚmb¶ ‘| CnpñWV hmoZo
gᑲ Aܶm¶ Ho$ AÝVJ©V {ZX}e Omar H$aZo H$s ep³V, A{^¶moOZ Ho$ {bE nyd© ‘| {Z¶{‘VVm Am¡a g‘¶ nmbZ H$aoJm&
‘ÝOyar, g‘w{MV gaH$ma Ho$ gmW {Z¶‘ ~ZmZo H$s ep³V Ed§ gX²^mdnyU© H$s 12. Ymam 27
JB© H$m¶©dmhr Ho$ {bE g§ajU Am{X {df¶ gpå‘{bV {H$E J¶o h¢& {ejH$ H$mo {H$gr J¡a-e¡{jH$ à¶moOZ Ho$ {bE A{^{Z¶mo{OV Zht {H$¶m OmEJm,
OZJUZm, AmnXm amhV, MwZmdr à{H«$¶m go A{V[a³V&
19.5 A{Y{Z¶‘ H$s Cn~ÝY YmamE± Ed§ {Z¶‘ 13. Ymam 28
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{H$E J¶o h¢, {OZH$m dU©Z {ZåZ àH$ma h¡- Zht hm|Jo&
1. Ymam 3 14. Ymam 29
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~ÀMo H$mo nhbr go 8dt H$jm VH$ H$m àmdYmZ& Cgo nyam H$aZm&
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15. Ymam 30
~mbH$ H$mo H$moB© ~moS>© narjm CÎmrU© H$aZm Amdí¶H$ Zht hmoJm& à˶oH$ ~mbH$ H$mo
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16. Ymam 33
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{ejH$m| H$s ^y{‘H$mAm| na ñnîQ> ê$n go àH$me S>mbm J¶m h¡& à˶oH$ Ymam ‘|
Cëbo{IV {ddaU H$m g§{já {ddaU {ZåZ àH$ma h¡-
1. Ymam 23
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1. H$moB© ì¶p³V, {OgHo$ nmg Ho$ÝÐr¶ gaH$ma Ûmam ‘mݶVm A{YgyMZm
Ûmam àm{YH¥$V {H$gr {ejm àm{YH$mar Ûmam ¶Wm A{YH${WV Eogr
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2. Ohm± {H$gr amÁ¶ ‘| AܶmnH$ {ejm Ho$ nmR²>¶H«$‘ ¶m Cg‘| à{ejU
àXmZ H$aZo dmbr n¶m©á g§ñWmE± Zht h¢ ¶m CnYmam-1 Ho$ AYrZ
¶Wm A{YH${WV ݶyZV‘ ¶mo½¶VmE± aIZo dmbo {ejH$ n¶m©á g§»¶m
‘| Zht h¢, dhm± Ho$ÝÐ gaH$ma ¶{X dh Amdí¶H$ g‘Po, A{YgyMZm
Ûmam {ejH$ Ho$ ê$n ‘| {Z¶wp³V Ho$ {bE Ano{jV ݶyZV‘ ¶mo½¶VmAm|
H$mo 5 df© go A{YH$ H$s Eogr Ad{Y Ho$ {bE {e{Wb H$a gHo$Jr,
Omo Cg A{YgyMZm ‘| {d{Z{X©îQ> H$s OmE&
naÝVw Eogm H$moB© {ejH$, {OgHo$ nmg Bg A{Y{Z¶‘ Ho$ àmaå^ ‘|
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dh hm|Jr, Omo {d{hV H$s OmE±&
4. H$moB© ^r ì¶p³V {OgH$o nmg Ho$ÝÐ gaH$ma Ûmam Kmo{fV {ejm
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5. ¶{X {H$gr amÁ¶ ‘| AܶmnH$ {ejm Ho$ {bE nmR²>¶H«$‘ ¶m à{ejU
XoZo dmbr n¶m©á g§ñWm ¶m CnYmam-1 Ho$ VhV Mmho JE Cn¶w³V
{ejH$ n¶m©á g§»¶m ‘| Zht h¡, Vmo Ho$ÝÐ gaH$ma EH$ {b{IV gyMZm
Omar H$aHo$ {ejH$ ^Vu Ho$ {bE ݶyZV‘ ¶mo½¶VmAm| ‘| A{YH$V‘ 5
df© Ho$ {bE {e{WbVm Xo gH$Vr h¡&
6. ¶{X dV©‘mZ ‘| Eogo {ejH$/{e{jH$mE± h¢, Omo [H$ V¶ ‘mnXÊS> Ho$
AZwê$n ¶mo½¶Vm nyar Zhr§ H$aVo h¢, Vmo CÝh| ¶h H$mZyZ bmJy hmoZo Ho$
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2. Ymam 24
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4. à˶oH$ ~mbH$ Ho$ {ejm J«hU H$aZo Ho$ gm‘϶© H$m {ZYm©aU H$aZm
Am¡a VXZwgma VWm Ano{jV A{V[a³V {ejU (¶{X H$moB© hmo)
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g‘¶-g‘¶ na ~ÀMm| H$mo {gImB© JB© AdYmaUm na Aä¶mg H$m¶©
XoVo ah|&
6. ~ÀMm| H$mo A{^ì¶p³V Ho$ n¶m©á Adga {XE OmE±& Bg H$m¶© Ho$ {bE
~ÀMm| H$mo H$ba, no{Ýgb, em°n©Za VWm ñHo$M noZ Ho$ gmW S´>m°B§J
erQ> Am{X Xr OmZr h¡&
7. ~ÀMm| H$m ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$aZo Ho$ {bE {ejH$ Ho$ nmg n¶m©á gmú¶ hmoZm
Mm{hE& BgHo$ {bE ~ÀMm| Ho$ Ûmam {H$E J¶o H$m¶m] H$mo nmoQ>©’$mo{b¶mo
’$mB©b ‘| g§H${bV {H$¶m OmZm h¡&
8. gVV² Am¡a ì¶mnH$ {ejU A{YJ‘ à{H«$¶m Ho$ Xm¡amZ ~mbH$ H$m
‘yë¶m§H$Z {Z¶{‘V ê$n go {H$¶m OmZm h¡&
9. ~ÀMm| Ho$ ~mao ‘| OmZZo Ho$ {bE Omo ^r gå^d Vm{H©$H$ Ed§ aMZmË‘H$
VarHo$ h¢, ¶h VarHo$ H$jm ‘| grIZo-{gImZo H$s à{H«$¶m Ho$ Xm¡amZ
hm|Jo&
10. {df¶mYm[aV AdYmaUmAm| Ho$ gmW Vm{H©$H$ gmoM, g‘yh ‘| ì¶dhma,
d¡km{ZH$ ÑpîQ>H$moU, gm¡ÝX¶©~moY, ݶm¶ d g‘Vm Ho$ à{V ÑpîQ>H$moU
Am{X H$m ^r ‘yë¶m§H$Z {H$¶m OmZm h¡&
11. ~ÀMo Ho$ grIZo H$s à{H«$¶m Ho$ Xm¡amZ {ZaÝVa àmá hmo ahr gyMZmAm|
Ho$ AmYma na ~ÀMm| Ho$ g‘yh/Cng‘yhm| ‘| {ejU hoVw nm{jH$
¶moOZm ~ZmVo hþE H$m¶© H$aZm Amdí¶H$ h¡&
12. ‘yë¶m§H$Z Ho$ {bE {d{^ÝZ VH$ZrH$ O¡g- o ‘m¡{IH$, àmoO³o Q>, àñVw{V
Am¡a {d{^ÝZ CnH$aU O¡g- o MoH${bñQ>, AdbmoH$Z, aoqQ>J ñHo$b,
nmoQ>’© $mo{b¶mo Am{X H$m Cn¶moJ {ejU ¶moOZm AZwgma {H$¶m OmZm h¡&
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13. g‘¶-g‘¶ na A{^^mdH$m| H$mo ~mbH$ H$s àJ{V go AdJV H$amVo
ahZm h¡&
14. ñd‘yë¶m§H$Z d g‘yh H$m¶© Ho$ {bE ~mbH$m| H$mo ghr g‘P ~ZmVo
hþE ào[aV H$aZm h¡&
19.8.2 gVV² Ed§ ì¶mnH$ ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$s à{H«$¶m
Ama.Q>r.B©., 2009 Ho$ AZwgma {ejH$ à˶oH$ ~ÀMo Ho$ ñVa H$m AmH$bZ
H$a|Jo-
1. CZHo$ ñVa Ed§ J{V Ho$ AZwgma J{V{d{Y AmYm[aV {ejU H$amE±Jo&
2. {ejU Ho$ Xm¡amZ hr à˶oH$ ~ÀMo H$m ì¶mnH$ AmH$bZ gVV² ê$n
go H$a|Jo&
3. A{^^mdH$m| H$mo ~ÀMm| H$s àJ{V, CnpñW{V Am{X Ho$ ~mao ‘| {Z¶{‘V
~VmE±Jo&
BgH$m AW© ¶h hþAm {H$ {ejH$m| H$mo AnZr H$m¶©e¡br Am¡a ‘yë¶m§H$Z
nÕ{V ‘| ì¶mnH$ ~Xbmd H$aZo hm|Jo VWm gmÏm hr ~ÀMm| H$s àJ{V H$mo ^r XO©
H$aZm hmoJm&
19.8.3 gVV² Ed§ ì¶mnH$ ‘yë¶m§H$Z ‘| à¶w³V eãXmdbr
{ejH$m| Ûmam AnZr H$m¶©e¡br VWm ‘yë¶m§H$Z nÕ{V ‘| ~Xbmd VWm ~ÀMm| H$s
àJ{V H$mo XO© H$aZo hoVw H$B© Z¶o eãXm| go n[a{MV hmoZm hmoJm& Bg eãXmdbr
Ho$ Hw$N> à‘wI eãXm| H$m dU©Z {ZåZ àH$ma h¡-
1. aMZmˑH$ AmH$bZ
~ÀMm| Ho$ H$m¶m] H$m {ZaÝVa AdbmoH$Z H$aZm Am¡a Cgo XO© H$aVo hþE CZHo$
H$m¶© H$m ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$aZo H$m VarH$m aMZmË‘H$ AmH$bZ h¡& Bg‘| H$m¶© H$mo
H$aVo hþE {ejU A{YJ‘ Ho$ Xm¡amZ ~ÀMm| Ho$ grIZo H$mo J«oS> XoVo hþE {Q>ßnUr
XO© H$s OmVr h¡& ¶h à˶oH$ Xmo ‘mh ‘| EH$ ~ma {H$¶m OmVm h¡&
2. ¶moJmË‘H$ AmH$bZ
EH$ {ZpíMV Ad{Y ‘| ~ÀMm| Ûmam grIo JE g‘ñV nmR²>¶H«$‘ H$m AmH$bZ
¶moJmË‘H$ AmH$bZ H$hVo h¢& Bg‘| à˶oH$ 5 ‘mh ‘| EH$ ~ma g‘ñV à‘mUm| Ho$
AmYma na ~ÀMo H$s g‘P H$s pñW{V H$mo XO© H$aVo h¢&
3. nmoQ>©’$mo{b¶mo
g‘¶ H$s {ZpíMV Ad{Y ‘| {dÚmWu Ûmam {H$E JE H$m¶m] H$m g§J«h nmoQ>©’$mo{b¶mo
H$hm OmVm h¡& Bg‘| amoO‘am© Ho$ H$m‘ hmo gH$Vo h¢ ¶m {ejmWu Ho$ H$m¶© Ho$
CËH¥$îQ> Z‘yZo ^r hmo gH$Vo h¢&
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H$s JB© gyMZmAm| H$m ’$m°‘© h¡& ¶o ~ÀMo Ho$ {H$gr ^r Img nhby H$s Va’$ ܶmZ
AmH${f©V H$aZo ‘| ‘XX H$aVr h¡&
5. AmYma aoIm ‘yë¶m§H$Z
~ÀMo Ho$ ñVa Ho$ AZwê$n {ejU H$admZo Ho$ {bE Amdí¶H$ h¡ {H$ CgHo$ ñVa
H$mo OmZo& AV… [ejU A{YJ‘ ‘yë¶m§H$Z go nyd© ~ÀMo Ho$ e¡{jH$ ñVa H$m nVm
bJmZo Ho$ {bE {H$¶m OmVm h¡&
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
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6. ‘m°S²>¶yb
EH$ df© Ho$ nmR²>¶H«$‘ H$mo gw{dYmZwgma N>moQ>o ^mJm| ‘| ~m±Q>m Om gH$Vm h¡& Bgo
Xmo ^mJm| ‘| ~m±Q> H$a à˶oH$ dJ© Ho$ Xmo ‘m°S²>¶yb ~Zm¶o JE h¢&
19.9 A{Y{Z¶‘ ‘| {dÚmb¶ Ho$ {bE V¶ ‘mnXÊS>
1. {ejH$m| H$s g§»¶m
1. H$jm 1 go 5 Ho$ {bE - àdoe boZo dmbo ~mbH$m| H$s g§»¶m 60 VH$
h¡, Vmo {ejH$m| H$s g§»¶m 2, 61 go 90 ~mbH$ hmo, Vmo 3, 91 go
120 Ho$ ‘ܶ ~mbH$ hmo, Vmo 4, 121 go 200 VH$ ‘ܶ ~mbH$
hmo, Vmo 5, 150 ~mbH$m| go A{YH hmo$, Vmo 5 {ejH$ Am¡a EH$
àYmZmܶmnH$ VWm 200 ~mbH$m| go A{YH$ hmo, Vmo N>mÌ-{ejH$
AZwnmV (àYmZmܶmnH$ H$mo N>mo‹S>H$a) 40 go A{YH$ Zht hmoJm&
2. H$jm 6 go 8 Ho$ {b¶o - H$‘ go H$‘ à{V H$jm EH$ {ejH$ hmoJm&
¶h ì¶dñWm Bg àH$ma hmoJr {H$ {ZåZ{b{IV à˶oH$ Ho$ {bE H$‘
go H$‘ EH$ {ejH$ hmo- (1) {dkmZ Am¡a J{UV, (2) gm‘m{OH$
Aܶ¶Z, (3) ^mfm& à˶oH$ 35 ~mbH$m| Ho$ g‘yh Ho$ {bE H$‘ go
H$‘ EH$ {ejH$ hmoZm A{Zdm¶© h¡& Ohm± 100 go A{YH$ ~mbH$m§o
H$mo àdoe {X¶m J¶m h¡, dhm± EH$ nyU©H$m{bH$ àYmZmܶmnH$ Ho$ gmW
H$bm {ejm, ñdmñ϶ Am¡a emar[aH$ {ejm VWm H$m¶© {ejm Ho$ {bE
A§eH$m{bH$ {ejH$ hmoZo Mm{hE&
2. ^dZ
g^r ‘m¡g‘ dmbm ^dZ, {Og‘| {ZåZ{b{IV ì¶dñWmE± hmo-
1. à˶oH$ {ejH$ Ho$ {bE H$‘ go H$‘ EH$ H$jm Am¡a EH$ H$m¶m©b¶-
gh-^ÊS>ma, gh-àYmZmܶmnH$ H$j&
2. ~mYm ‘w³V nhþ±M&
3. b‹S>H$m| Am¡a b‹S>{H$¶m| Ho$ {bE n¥WH²$ em¡Mmb¶&
4. g^r ~mbH$m| Ho$ {bE gwa{jV Am¡a n¶m©á no¶Ob gw{dYm&
5. Ohm± Xmonha H$m ^moOZ {dÚmb¶ ‘| nH$m¶m OmVm h¡, dhm± EH$ agmoB©&
6. Iob H$m ‘¡XmZ&
7. gr‘m Xrdma ¶m ~m‹S> Ûmam {dÚmb¶ ^dZ H$s gwajm H$aZo Ho$ {bE
ì¶dñWmE±&
3. EH$ e¡j{UH$ df© ‘| H$m¶© {Xdgm|/{ejU KÊQ>m| H$s ݶyZV‘ g§»¶m
1. H$jm 1 go 5 Ho$ {bE 200 H$m¶© {Xdg&
2. H$jm 6 go 8 Ho$ {bE 220 H$m¶© {Xdg&
3. H$jm 1 go 5 Ho$ {bE à{V e¡j{UH$ df© 800 {ejU KÊQ>o&
4. H$jm 6 go 8 Ho$ {bE à{V e¡j{UH$ df© 1000 {ejU KÊQ>o&
4. {ejH$ Ho$ {bE à{V gámh H$m¶© KÊQ>m| H$s ݶyZV‘ g§»¶m
45 {ejU KÊQ>o, {OgHo$ AÝVJ©V V¡¶mar Ho$ KÊQ>o ^r em{‘b h¢&
5. AܶmnZ {ejU CnñH$a
à˶oH$ H$jm Ho$ {bE AnojmZwgma CnbãY H$am¶o OmE±Jo&
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6. nwñVH$mb¶
à˶oH$ {dÚmb¶ ‘| EH$ nwñVH$mb¶ hmoJm, {Og‘| g‘mMma-nÌ, n{ÌH$mE± Am¡a
Aä¶mgmW© àíZ
g^r {df¶m| na nwñVH|$, {OZHo$ AÝVJ©V H$hmZr H$s nwñVH|$ ^r h¢, CnbãY
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1. {ejm A{YH$ma A{Y{Z¶‘ Xoe^a ‘| bmJy hþAm-
7. Iob gm‘J«r Am¡a H«$s‹S>m CnñH$a
(1) 1 Aà¡b, 2010 go (2) 1 AJñV, 2010 go
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2. {Z…ewëH$ Ed§ A{Zdm¶© {ejm A{YH$ma A{Y{Z¶‘ H$mo amîQ´>n{V Ûmam

19.10 A{Y{Z¶‘ go gå~pÝYV ‘hÎdnyU© V϶ ‘ÝOyar H$~ Xr JB© Wr?
{Z…ewëH$ Ed§ A{Zdm¶© {ejm A{YH$ma A{Y{Z¶‘, 2009 go gå~pÝYV Hw$N> (1) ‘B©, 2009 (2) ‘B©, 2010
‘hÎdnyU© V϶ {ZåZ{b{IV h¡- (3) AJñV, 2009 (4) AJñV, 2010
1. df© 2006 ‘| {ejm Ho$ A{YH$ma A{Y{Z¶‘ H$m ‘m°S>b {dYo¶H$
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2. 4 AJñV, 2009 H$mo {ejm H$m A{YH$ma, 2009 nm[aV hþAm& H${nb {gã~b Zo H$~ ‘ÝOyar àXmZ H$s?
3. 27 AJñV, 2009 H$mo ^maV gaH$ma Ho$ amOnÌ ‘| àH$m{eV hþAm& (1) 13 ’$adar, 2010 (2) 2 ’$adar, 2010
(3) 1 Aà¡b, 2010 (4) 28 ’$adar, 2010
4. 1 Aà¡b, 2010 H$mo gmao Xoe ‘| bmJy hmo J¶m&
5. Eogm ~mbH$ {OgH$s Am¶w 6 df© go D$na h¡, CgZo àmW{‘H$ 4. 1 Aà¡b, 2010 go bmJy {H$E OmZo H$s KmofUm amîQ´>n{V à{V^m
{dÚmb¶ ‘| àdoe Zht {b¶m h¡, Vmo CgH$s Am¶w Ho$ AZwgma H$jm nm{Q>b Ûmam {H$g {XZ H$s JB© Wr?
‘| Xm{Ibm H$am¶m OmEJm& O¡go- ¶{X H$moB© ~mbH$ 12 df© H$m h¡, (1) 1 Aà¡b, 2010
{H$ÝVw CgZo H$ht Xm{Ibm Zht {b¶m h¡, Vmo ^r Cgo grYo H$jm 6 (2) 13 ’$adar, 2010
‘| n§OrH¥$V {H$¶m OmEJm& (3) 22 ’$adar, 2010
6. O~ VH$ {H$ ~mbH$ àmW{‘H$ {ejm nyU© Z H$a bo, Cgo ~rM ‘| {H$gr (4) 13 Aà¡b, 2010
H$jm ‘| AZwÎmrU© H$a amoH$m Zht Om gH$Vm&
7. ñWmZmÝVaU à‘mU-nÌ àñVwV H$aZo ‘| {dbå~ ¶m Z àñVwV H$aZo 5. A{Zdm¶© {ejm go ³¶m VmËn¶© h¡?
Ho$ AmYma na ~mbH$ H$mo àdoe go d§{MV Zht {H$¶m Om gH$Vm& (1) gå~pÝYV gaH$ma 6-14 df© Ho$ ~mbH$m| H$mo ‘wâV {ejm àXmZ H$aoJr&
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(3) ~mbH$m| H$mo {d{^ÝZ ì¶mdgm{¶H$ à{ejU {X¶m OmEJm&
9. {H$gr ^r {ejH$ Ho$ {bE {ZOr {ejU H$m¶© nyU©V… d{O©V h¡&
(4) 1 Am¡a 2 XmoZm|
10. {H$gr {ejH$ H$mo Xg dfu¶ OZg§»¶m, AmnXm amhV H$Îm©ì¶m| go
{^ÝZ {H$gr J¡a e¡{jH$ à¶moOZ Ho$ {bE A{^{Z¶mo{OV Zht {H$¶m 6. amOñWmZ {Z…ewëH$ Ed§ A{Zdm¶© ~mb {ejm A{YH$ma A{Y{Z¶‘,
Om gH$Vm& 2010 Ho$ AZwgma àmW{‘H$ {dÚmb¶ h¡-
11. à˶oH$ {dÚmb¶ ‘| EH$ {dÚmb¶ à~ÝY g{‘{V H$m JR>Z {H$¶m (1) H$jm 1 go 5 VH$ {ejm XoZo dmbo {dÚmb¶
OmEJm& (2) H$jm 1 go 8 VH$ {ejm XoZo dmbo {dÚmb¶
12. Am{W©H$ ê$n go H$‘Omoa g‘wXm¶m| Ho$ {bE g^r {ZOr ñHy$bm| Ho$ H$jm (3) H$jm 6 go 8 VH$ {ejm XoZo dmbo {dÚmb¶
1 ‘| Xm{Ibm boZo Ho$ {bE 25 à{VeV AmajU& (4) H$jm 1 go 10 VH$ {ejm XoZo dmbo {dÚmb¶

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àmapå^H$ {ejm go VmËn¶© h¡-
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$
(1) H$jm 1 go 5 VH$ H$s {ejm
H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU
àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr (2) H$jm 1 go 8 VH$ H$s {ejm
h¡ {H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s (3) H$jm 1 go 10 VH$ H$s {ejm
PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> (4) H$jm 6 go 8 VH$ H$s {ejm
www.praganya.org
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
(1) (3) (1) (3) (2) (1) (2)

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8. H$jm 1 go 5 VH$ Ho$ ~ÀMm| Ho$ {bE {H$VZr Xÿar H$s gr‘m ‘o§ EH$ 17. {Z…ewëH$ Ed§ A{Zdm¶© {ejm A{YH$ma A{Y{Z¶‘, 2009 {H$g Am¶w
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(1) 2 {H$bmo‘rQ>a (2) 5 {H$bmo‘rQ>a (1) 6-14 df© (2) 7-13 df©
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9. {ejm H$m A{YH$ma H$mZyZ {H$g amÁ¶ na bmJy Zht h¡? 18. {ejm H$m A{V ‘hÎdnyU© CÔoí¶ h¡-
(1) AmÝY«àXoe (2) Oå‘y-H$í‘ra (1) AmOr{dH$m H$‘mZm (2) ~ÀMo H$m gdmªJrU {dH$mg
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10. Bg A{Y{Z¶‘ Ho$ AZwgma {dÚmb¶ à~ÝYZ g{‘{V ‘| {H$VZo à{VeV 19. H$jm 6 go 8 VH$ {ejH$-N>mÌ AZwnmV hmoZm Mm{hE-
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(1) 25 à{VeV (2) 33 à{VeV (3) 1…40 (4) 1…45
(3) 50 à{VeV (4) 60 à{VeV
20. H$jm 1 go 5 VH$ Ho$ {bE 200 ~mbH$m| Ho$ D$na N>mÌ-{ejH$
11. Bg A{Y{Z¶‘ Ho$ AZwgma {H$g H$jm VH$ ~mbH$ H$mo amoH$m ¶m AZwnmV hmoZm Mm{hE-
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(1) 5dt H$jm VH$ (2) 8dt H$jm VH$ (3) 40…1 (4) 45…1
(3) 10dr§ H$jm VH$ (4) 9dt H$jm VH$
21. CÀM àmW{‘H$ ñVa VH$ ’o$b H$aZo H$s ì¶dñWm H$m AÝV {H$g H$mZyZ
12. ^maVr¶ g§{dYmZ H$s Ymam 45 ‘| {H$g Am¶w VH$ Ho$ ~mbH$-~m{bH$mAm| H$s XoZ h¡?
H$s {ejm {Z…ewëH$ d A{Zdm¶© H$aZo H$m {ZX}e {X¶m J¶m h¡? (1) RTI (2) RTE
(1) 21 df© (2) 14 df© (3) RTCP (4) REI
(3) 18 df© (4) 11 df©
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H$mo {Z…ewëH$ Ed§ A{Zdm¶© {ejm àXmZ H$aZo H$m àmdYmZ {H$¶m J¶m (1) Ho$ab (2) n§Om~
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(1) Ymam 41 (2) Ymam 45
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(1) (1) (4) (1) (2) (2) (4) (1) (4) (2) (1) (4) (4) (2) (4)

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57. {Z…ewëH$ Ed§ A{Zdm¶© {ejm A{YH$ma A{Y{Z¶‘, 2009 Ho$ AÝVJ©V Samvida, BTET, UTET, JTET, HTET, CGTET, HPTET)
{H$gr ^r AܶmnH$ H$mo {ZåZ ‘| go {H$g H$m¶© Ho$ {bE Zht bJm¶m Ho$ {bE ‘m°S>b nona H$s ’«$s PDF àH$m{eV H$s OmVr h¡& ‘m°S>b nona H$s ’«$s
Om gH$Vm? PDF àmá H$aZo Ho$ {bE {ZåZ{b{IV Whatsapp No. AnZo H$m°boO Ho$
(1) Xg df© níMmV² hmoZo dmbr OZJUZm ‘| ³bmg J«wn ¶m H$moqMJ Ho$ ³bmg Jw«n ¶m Aݶ ñQ>S>r Jw«n ‘| Om|S>o& AmnHo$ J«wn ‘|
(2) AmnXm amhV H$m¶© ‘| ‘m°S>b nona ^ooO {XE OmE±J|&
(3) MwZmd gå~ÝYr H$m¶© ‘|
(4) nëg nmo{b¶mo H$m¶©H«$‘ ‘| REET - 94604 43210
UPTET - 95301 43210
*******
MP Samvida - 95302 43210
BTET - 95302 43210
UTET - 72209 29294
JTET - 72209 29239
HTET - 72209 29266
CGTET - 72209 28969
HPTET - 72209 28535

54. 55. 56. 57.

(3) (4) (2) (4)

~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
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Aܶm¶ 20
amîQ>´r¶ nmR²>¶M¶m© ê$naoIm, 2005
1.1 àñVmdZm
nmR²>¶M¶m© EH$ ì¶mnH$ gåà˶¶ h¡, {OgHo$ Ûmam N>mÌ {ZpíMV ê$n go A{YJ‘
H$aVm h¡& AV… nmR²>¶M¶m© Ho$ Ûmam {ejH$ Ed§ N>mÌ XmoZm| H$mo C{MV ‘mJ©Xe©Z
àmá hmoVm h¡&
nmR²>¶H«$‘ gwYma Ed§ CgH$mo ZdrZ ~ZmZo Ho$ à¶mg AZdaV ê$n go {H$E OmVo
aho h¢, ³¶m|{H$ nmR²>¶H«$‘ Ûmam hr g‘mO Ed§ dV©‘mZ g‘¶ H$s AmH$m§jm H$mo nyU©
{H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡, Bg{bE g‘ñV {ejm {deofk AnZo à¶ËZm| Ho$ ‘mܶ‘
go nmR²>¶H«$‘m| ‘| g‘¶-g‘¶ na gwYma H$aVo h¢& amîQ´>r¶ nmR²>¶M¶m© ê$naoIm,
2005 ^r Bg nmR²>¶H«$‘ gwYma H$s ‘hÎdnyU© Ed§ Cn¶moJr H$‹S>r h¡&
1.2 {Z‘m©U
amîQ´>r¶ e¡{jH$ AZwg§YmZ Am¡a à{ejU n[afX² H$s H$m¶©H$m[aUr Zo 14 Ed§
19 OwbmB©, 2004 H$s ~¡R>H$m| ‘| amîQ´>r¶ nmR²>¶M¶m© H$mo gwYmaZo ¶m g§emo{YV
H$aZo H$m {ZU©¶ {b¶m& ¶h ${ZU©¶ ‘mZZr¶ ‘mZd g§gmYZ {dH$mg ‘§Ìr Ûmam
bmoH$g^m ‘| Bg d³Vì¶ Ho$ AZwgaU ‘| {b¶m J¶m {H$ n[afX² H$mo ¶h g§emoYZ
H$aZm Mm{hE& Bgr H«$‘ ‘| ‘mZd g§gmYZ {dH$mg ‘§Ìmb¶ Ho$ {ejm g{Md
Zo n[afX² Ho$ {ZXoeH$ H$mo EH$ nÌ {bIm& nÌ ‘| CÝhm|Zo 1993 H$s {ejm
{~Zm ~moP Ho$ [anmoQ>© H$s amoeZr ‘| {dÚmb¶r {ejm Ho$ {bE amîQ´>r¶ nmR²>¶M¶m©
ê$naoIm, 2000 H$s g‘rjm H$aZo H$s Amdí¶H$Vm 춳V H$s& BÝht {ZU©¶m|
Ho$ gÝX^© ‘| àmo’o$ga ¶enmb H$s AܶjVm ‘| EH$ amîQ´>r¶ ’$moH$g g‘yh H$m
JR>Z {H$¶m J¶m& BZ g{‘{V¶m| ‘| CÀM {ejm g§ñWmZm| Ho$ à{V{Z{Y, amîQ´>r¶
e¡{jH$ AZwg§YmZ Am¡a à{ejU n[afX² Ho$ AH$mX{‘H$ gXñ¶, {dÚmb¶m| Ho$
{ejH$ Am¡a J¡a-gaH$mar g§JR>Zm| Ho$ à{V{Z{Y gXñ¶m| Ho$ ê$n ‘| em{‘b hþE&
amîQ´> Ho$ à˶oH$ joÌ ‘| BgHo$ gå~ÝY ‘§o {dMma-{d‘e© {H$¶m J¶m& BgHo$ gmW
hr AO‘oa, ‘¡gya, ^monmb, ^wdZoída Am¡a {ebm§J ‘| pñWV n[afX² Ho$ joÌr¶
{ejm g§ñWmZm| ‘| ^r joÌr¶ g§JmopîR>¶m| H$m Am¶moOZ {H$¶m J¶m& amÁ¶m| Ho$
g{Mdm|, amÁ¶m| H$s e¡{jH$ AZwg§YmZ Am¡a à{ejU n[afXm| Am¡a narjm ~moS>© Ho$
gXñ¶m| go {dMma-{d‘e© {H$¶m J¶m& J«m‘rU {ejH$m| go gwPmd boZo Ho$ {bE EH$
amîQ´>r¶ gå‘obZ H$m Am¶moOZ {H$¶m J¶m& amîQ´>r¶ Am¡a joÌr¶ g‘mMma-nÌm|
‘| {dkmnZ {XE JE, {Oggo bmoJ Z¶r nmR²>¶M¶m© Ho$ ~mao ‘| AnZr am¶ Xo gH|$
Am¡a ~‹S>r g§»¶m ‘| bmoJm| H$s à{V{H«$¶mE± AmBª&
g§emo{YV amîQ´>r¶ nmR²>¶M¶m© XñVmdoO H$m Amaå^ adrÝÐZmW Q>¡Jmoa
Ho$ {Z~ÝY gä¶Vm Am¡a àJ{V Ho$ EH$ CÕaU go hmoVm h¡, {Og‘| H${dJwé h‘|
¶mX {XbmVo h¢ {H$ g¥OZmË‘H$Vm Am¡a CXma AmZÝX ~MnZ H$s Hw$ÝOr h¡ Am¡a
Zmg‘P d¶ñH$ g§gma Ûmam CZH$s {dH¥${V H$m IVam h¡&
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AnZr CÎmoOZm ‘| dh EH$ MrO ^yb J¶m, dh V϶ Omo Cgo Cg d³V ~hþV ‘m‘ybr
bJm Wm {H$ Bg àbmo^Z ‘| EH$ Eogr MrO Imo JB© Omo CgHo$ {Ibm¡Zo go H$ht loîR>
Wr, EH$ loîR> d nyU© ~ÀMm& Cg {Ibm¡Zo go ‘hO CgH$m YZ 춳V hmoVm Wm, ~ÀMo
H$s aMZmË‘H$ D$Om© Zht& CgHo$ Iob ‘| Z hr ~ÀMm| H$mo AmZÝX Wm Z hr gm{W¶m|
H$mo Iwbm {Z‘ÝÌU& ~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV
g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡ {H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s
g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ>
www.praganya.org
1.3 {deofVmE± go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
amîQ´>r¶ nmR²>¶M¶m© ê$naoIm, 2005 H$s à‘wI {deofVmE± {ZåZ h¢-
1. {ejm {~Zm ~moP Ho$ [anmoQ>© H$s gyP Ho$ AmYma na nmR²>¶M¶m© Ho$
~moP H$mo H$‘ H$aZm&
2. nmR²>¶M¶m© gwYma go gwg§JV ì¶dñWmJV n[adV©Z H$aZm&
3. Eogo ZmJ[aH$ dJ© H$m {Z‘m©U, Omo bmoH$VmpÝÌH$ ì¶dhmam|, ‘yë¶m|
Ho$ à{V H${Q>~Õ hmo, b¢{JH$ ݶm¶ Ho$ à{V, AZwgy{MV Om{V¶m|-
OZOm{V¶m| Am¡a {deof Amdí¶H$Vm dmbo ~ÀMm| H$s g‘ñ¶mAm| Ed§
Amdí¶H$VmAm| Ho$ à{V g§doXZerb hmo VWm {OZ‘| amOZr{VH$ Ed§
Am{W©H$ à{H«$¶mAm| ‘| ^mJ boZo H$s j‘Vm hmo&
4. gm‘m{OH$-gm§ñH¥${VH$ ¶WmW© na {ddoMZmË‘H$ n[aàoú¶ H$mo
{dH${gV H$aZo dmbr à{H«$¶mAm| H$mo nmR²>¶M¶m© ‘| ñWmZ XoZo H$s
Amdí¶H$Vm&
5. {dÚm[W©¶m| H$s gh^m{JVm Ho$ joÌ-AdbmoH$Z, AÝdofU,
{díbofUmË‘H$ {d‘e© Am{X ^r CVZo hr ‘hÎdnyU© h¢, {OVZr {H$
kmZ H$s {df¶-dñVw&
6. {dÚm{W©¶m| Ho$ {dH$mg Ed§ A{YJ‘ Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘| gdmªJrU ÑpîQ>H$moU&
7. H$jm ‘| g^r {dÚm{W©¶m| Ho$ {bE g‘mdoer dmVmdaU V¡¶ma H$aZm&
8. kmZ {Z‘m©U ‘| {dÚm{W©¶m| H$s gh^m{JVm Am¡a aMZmË‘H$Vm H$mo
~‹T>mdm&
9. à¶moJmË‘H$ ‘mܶ‘m| Ûmam g{H«$¶ {ejU&
10. AܶmnH$ Am¡a Aܶ¶Z gå~ÝYr h‘mar g‘P H$m nwZ…
A{^‘wIrH$aU&
11. nmR²>¶M¶m© H$s à{H«$¶mAm| ‘| ~ÀMm| H$s gmoM, {Okmgm Am¡a àíZm| Ho$
{bE n¶m©á ñWmZ&
12. kmZ H$mo AZwemg{ZH$ gr‘mAm| Ho$ nma Omo‹S>Vo hþE kmZ Ho$
AÝVÑ©pîQ>nyU© {Z‘m©U Ho$ {bE EH$ ì¶mnH$ T>m±Mm àXmZ H$aZm&
13. ñWmZr¶ kmZ Ed§ ~ÀMm| Ho$ AZw^d nmR²>¶nwñVH$m| Am¡a AܶmnH$
à{H«$¶mAm| Ho$ ‘hÎdnyU© A§J h¡&
14. n¶m©daU gå~ÝYr n[a¶moOZmAm| go Ow‹S>o {dÚmWu Eogo kmZ Ho$ {Z‘m©U
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
n¥îR> 374 amîQ´>r¶ nmR²>¶M¶m© ê$naoIm, 2005
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
‘| AnZm ¶moJXmZ Xo gH$Vo h¢, Omo ^maVr¶ n¶m©daU H$m EH$ nmaXeu
Ed§ gmd©O{ZH$ S>mQ>m~og V¡¶ma H$aZo ‘| ghm¶H$ hmo&
15. {ejm H$s amîQ´>r¶ ì¶dñWm H$mo ~hþbVmdmXr g‘mO ‘| ‘O~yVr àXmZ
H$aZm&
16. g§{dYmZ ‘| Cpëb{IV ‘yë¶m|, O¡go- gm‘m{OH$ ݶm¶, g‘Vm Ed§
Y‘©{ZanojVm na AmYm[aV nmR²>¶M¶m© Aä¶mg&
17. g^r ~ÀMm| Ho$ {bE JwUdÎmmnyU© {ejm gw{ZpíMV H$aZm&
1.4 CÔoí¶
gm‘m{OH$ ݶm¶ Am¡a g‘mZVm Ho$ g§dY¡ m{ZH$ ‘yë¶m| na AmYm[aV EH$ Y‘©{Zanoj,
g‘Vm‘ybH$ Am¡a ~hþbVmdmXr g‘mO Ho$ AmXe© go àoaUm boVo hþE Bg XñVmdoO ‘|
{ejm Ho$ Hw$N> ì¶mnH$ CÔoí¶ {M[•V {H$E JE h¢, Omo {ZåZ{b{IV h¢-
1. bmoH$Vm§{ÌH$ à{H«$¶m ‘| ^mJrXmar H$s àd¥{Îm
2. {dMma Am¡a H$‘© H$s ñdVÝÌVm
3. Xÿgam| H$s ^bmB© Am¡a ^mdZmAm| Ho$ à{V g§doXZerbVm
4. Am{W©H$ à{H«$¶mAm| VWm gm‘m{OH$ ~Xbmd ‘| ¶moJXmZ XoZo Ho$ {bE
H$m‘ H$aZo H$s j‘Vm&
5. ZB© pñW{V¶m| H$m bMrbonZ Am¡a aMZmË‘H$ VarHo$ go gm‘Zm H$aZm
AJa {ejm Ho$ bmoH$VmpÝÌH$ VarH$m| H$mo gwÑ‹T> H$aZm h¡, Vmo Cgo ñHy$b
‘§o OmZo dmbr nhbr nr‹T>r H$s CnpñW{V H$m ^r ܶmZ aIZm hr hmoJm, {OgH$m
ñHy$b ‘| ~Zo ahZm Cg g§{dYmZ g§emoYZ Ho$ MbVo A{Zdm¶© hmo J¶m h¡ {OgZo
Amapå^H$ {ejm H$mo ha ~ÀMo H$m ‘m¡{bH$ A{YH$ma ~Zm {X¶m h¡& g§{dYmZ Ho$
Bg g§emoYZ go h‘ na ¶h {Oå‘oXmar Am JB© h¡ {H$ h‘ gmao ~ÀMm| H$mo Om{V,
Y‘© gå~ÝYr AÝVa, qbJ Am¡a Ag‘W©Vm gå~ÝYr MwZm¡[V¶m| go {Zanoj ahVo
hþE ñdmñ϶, nmofU Am¡a g‘mdoer ñHy$br n[adoe CnbãY H$amE, Omo CÝh|
{ejm J«hU H$aZo ‘| ghm¶Vm nhþ±MmE VWm CÝh| ge³V ~ZmE&
1.5 nmR²>¶M¶m© {Z‘m©U Ho$ {ZX}eH$ {gÕmÝV
h‘mao e¡{jH$ CÔoí¶m| Am¡a {ejm H$s JwUdÎmm ‘§o AmO Jhar {dH¥${V Am JB© h¡,
BgH$m à‘mU ¶h V϶ h¡ {H$ {ejm ~ÀMm| Am¡a CZHo$ ‘mVm-{nVm Ho$ {bE VZmd
Am¡a ~moP H$m H$maU ~Zr AmB© h¡, Bg {dH¥${V H$mo Xÿa H$aZo Ho$ {bE nmR>²¶M¶m©
Ho$ Bg XñVmdoO Zo nmR²>¶M¶m© {Z‘m©U Ho$ nm±M {ZX}eH$ {gÕmÝVm| H$m àñVmd
aIm h¡, Omo {ZåZ àH$ma h¡-
1. nmR²>¶M¶m© H$m Bg Vah g§dÕ©Z {H$ dh ~ÀMm| H$mo Mhþ±‘wIr {dH$mg
Ho$ Adga CnbãY H$amdmE, ~OmE BgHo$ {H$ nmR²>¶nwñVH$ Ho$pÝÐV
~Z H$a ah OmE&
2. narjm H$mo AnojmH¥$V A{YH$ bMrbm ~ZmZm Am¡a H$jm H$s
J{V{d{Y¶m| go Omo‹S>Zm&
3. kmZ H$mo {dÚmb¶ Ho$ ~mhar OrdZ go Omo‹S>Zm&
4. ¶h gw{ZpíMV H$aZm {H$ {ejU aQ>ÝV àUmbr go ‘w³V hmo&
5. EH$ Eogr A{Y^mdr H$m {dH$mg, {Og‘| àOmVmpÝÌH$ amÁ¶ ì¶dñWm
Ho$ AÝVJ©V amîQ´>r¶ {MÝVmE± g‘m{hV hmo&
àJʶ
1.6 Aܶm¶
1. àW‘ Aܶm¶
Amapå^H$ Aܶm¶ ‘| ñdVÝÌVm Ho$ ~mX nmR²>¶M¶m© ‘| {H$E JE gwYma Ho$ à¶mgm|
H$s MMm© H$s JB© h¡& amîQ´>r¶ nmR²>¶M¶m© H$mo {ejm H$s amîQ´>r¶ ì¶dñWm {dH${gV
H$aZo H$m EH$ gmYZ hmoZm Mm{hE, Omo ^maVr¶ g§{dYmZ ‘| amîQ´>r¶ {Z‘m©U Ho$
Xe©Z H$mo AnZr AmYma ^y{‘ ‘mZo& Bg Aܶm¶ ‘| {ZåZ{b{IV {~ÝXþAm| na
{dñV¥V MMm© H$s JB© h¡-
1. {ejm Ho$ bú¶
2. {ejm H$s JwUdÎmm
3. {ejm Ho$ gm‘m{OH$ gÝX^©
2. {ÛVr¶ Aܶm¶
{ÛVr¶ Aܶm¶ ‘| kmZ H$s àH¥${V Am¡a ~ÀMm| Ho$ grIZo H$s H$m¶©Zr{V¶m| na
MMm© H$s JB© h¡, Omo Aܶm¶ 3 ‘| {XE JE CZ gwPmdm| H$m g¡ÕmpÝVH$ AmYma
{Zê${nV H$aVr h¡, Omo nmR²>¶M¶m© Ho$ {d{^ÝZ joÌm| Ho$ {bE {XE JE h¢& ¶h
V϶ {H$ ~ÀMm kmZ H$m g¥OZ H$aVm h¡, BgH$m {Z{hVmW© h¡ {H$ nmR²>¶M¶m©,
nmR²>¶H«$‘ Ed§ nmR²>¶nwñVH|$ {ejH$ H$mo Bg ~mV Ho$ {bE gj‘ ~ZmE± {H$ do
~ÀMm| H$s àH¥${V Am¡a dmVmdaU Ho$ AZwê$n H$jm¶r AZw^d Am¶mo{OV H$a|,
Vm{H$ gmao ~ÀMm| H$mo Adga {‘b nmE& {ejU H$m CÔoí¶ ~ÀMo Ho$ grIZo H$s
ghO BÀN>m Am¡a ¶wp³V¶m| H$mo g‘¥Õ H$aZm hmoZm Mm{hE& AZw^d ¶m kmZ H$mo
gyMZm go n¥WH²$ H$aZo H$s Amdí¶H$Vm h¡ Am¡a {ejU H$mo EH$ noeoda J{V{d{Y
Ho$ ê$n ‘| nhMmZZo H$s Oê$aV h¡ Z {H$ V϶m| Ho$ aQ>Zo Am¡a àgma Ho$ à{ejU
Ho$ ê$n ‘|& O{Q>b Ed§ g{H«$¶ J{V{d{Y Ho$ ‘mܶ‘ go ~mbH$ AnZo Amgnmg
Ho$ dmVmdaU H$mo OmZZo H$m à¶mg H$aVm h¡, Bg{bE à˶oH$ gmYZ H$m Cn¶moJ
Bg Vah {H$¶m OmZm Mm{hE {H$ ~ÀMo H$mo IwX H$mo A{^춳V H$aZo ‘|, dñVwAm|
H$m BñVo‘mb H$aZo ‘|, AnZo àmH¥${VH$ Am¡a gm‘m{OH$ n[adoe H$s ImoO~rZ
H$aZo ‘| Am¡a ñdñW ê$n go {dH${gV hmoZo ‘| ghm¶Vm {‘bo&
3. V¥Vr¶ Aܶm¶
V¥Vr¶ Aܶm¶ Ho$ AÝVJ©V nmR²>¶M¶m© Ho$ {d{^ÝZ joÌm| Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘| gwPmd
{XE JE h¡& BgHo$ AÝVJ©V ñHy$b Ho$ {df¶m| Am¡a nmR²>¶M¶m© Ho$ joÌm| H$s {’$a go
g§H$ënZm H$aZo na Omoa {X¶m J¶m h¡&
4. MVwW© Aܶm¶
MVwW© Aܶm¶ ‘| {dÚmb¶ VWm H$jm Ho$ dmVmdaU Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘| MMm© H$s JB©
h¡& Bg Aܶm¶ ‘| ^m¡{VH$ dmVmdaU Ho$ gmW-gmW ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ dmVmdaU H$s
^r {dñV¥V MMm© H$s JB© h¡& ¶h Aܶm¶ ñHy$bm| Ho$ bmoH$mMma H$s JwUdÎmm H$mo
gwYmaZo Ho$ {bE g§gmYZ OwQ>mE OmZo na Omoa XoVm h¡&
5. n§M‘ Aܶm¶
ApÝV‘ Aܶm¶ ‘| ì¶dñWmJV gwYmam| na MMm© H$s JB© h¡& ¶{X ~ÀMm| Ho$ H$jm
Ho$ AZw^dm| H$mo Bg Vah Am¶mo{OV H$aZm hmo, {Oggo CÝh| kmZ g¥{OV H$aZo
H$m ‘m¡H$m {‘bo, Vmo h‘mar {dÚmb¶r ì¶dñWm ‘| ì¶mnH$ ì¶dñWmJV gwYmam| H$s
Amdí¶H$Vm hmoJr& Bg Aܶm¶ ‘| Bg ~mV na Omoa {X¶m J¶m h¡ {H$ {ejU ~ÀMo
H$s grIZo H$s ghO BÀN>m H$mo g‘¥Õ H$a|, Z {H$ Ho$db gyMZmE± àXmZ H$ao&
àJʶ amîQ´>r¶ nmR²>¶M¶m© ê$naoIm, 2005
1.7 gwYma gå~ÝYr {Xem-{ZX}e
{ejm Ho$ ‘mܶ‘ go ~ÀMm| ‘| ~m¡{ÕH$ n[adV©Z hmoVm h¢ CZH$s j‘Vm, A{^é{M
d ÑpîQ>H$moU ‘| H$m’$s ~Xbmd AmVo h¢, Bg{bE {df¶dñVw Ho$ MwZmd, ì¶dñWm
VWm kmZ {Z‘m©U H$s à{H«$¶mAm| H$mo CZHo$ {hgm~ go AZwHy${bV H$aZm Mm{hE&
¶h amîQ´>r¶ nmR²>¶M¶m© XñVmdoO Bg ~mV H$s {g’$m[ae H$aVm h¡ {H$ {df¶m| Ho$
~rM H$s Xÿar H$mo H$‘ H$aZo Ho$ à¶mg {H$E OmE, Vm{H$ ~ÀMm| H$mo kmZ H$m g‘J«
AmZÝX {‘b gHo$ Am¡a {H$gr MrO H$mo g‘PZo go {‘bZo dmbr Iwer hm{gb
hmo gHo$& BgHo$ gmW ¶h ^r gwPm¶m J¶m h¡ {H$ nmR²>¶nwñVH$ Am¡a Xÿgar gm‘J«r
H$s ~hþbVm hmo, {OZ‘| ñWmZr¶ kmZ Am¡a nmaån[aH$ H$m¡eb em{‘b hmo gH$Vo
h¢ Am¡a ~ÀMm| Ho$ J¥h Am¡a gm‘wXm{¶H$ n[adoe go OrdÝV gå~ÝY ~ZmZo dmbo
ñ’y${V©Xm¶H$ {dÚmb¶r n[adoe H$mo gw{ZpíMV {H$¶m Om gHo$&
1.7.1 J{UV {df¶ Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘|
J{UV {ejU H$m ‘w»¶ bú¶ Am¡nMm[aH$ Ed§ ¶m{ÝÌH$ à{H«$¶mAm| H$m kmZ
AWm©V² J{UV H$m kmZ àXmZ H$aZm Z hmoH$a J{UVrH$aU hmoZm Mm{hE& J{UV
H$s {ejm go ~ÀMm| H$s Vm{H©$H$, gmoMZo H$s, A‘yV©Zm| Ho$ {Z‘m©U d ÑpîQ>H$aU
H$s Ed§ g‘ñ¶m gwbPmZo H$s j‘Vm H$m {dH$mg hmoZm Mm{hE&
CÔoí¶m| H$m ¶h ì¶mnH$ ’$bH$ Cg àmg§{JH$ Am¡a AW©nyU© J{UV H$mo
n‹T>mH$a V¶ {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡, Omo ~ÀMm| Ho$ AZw^dm| ‘| Jw±Wr hþB© hmo& J{UV
‘| g’$bVm H$mo à˶oH$ ~ÀMo Ho$ A{YH$ma H$s Vah XoIm OmZm Mm{hE& BgHo$
{bE J{UV Ho$ Xm¶ao H$mo Am¡a {dñV¥V H$aZo H$s Oê$aV h¡ Am¡a Bgo Xÿgao {df¶m|
go Omo‹S>Zo H$s Oê$aV h¡& à˶oH$ {dÚmb¶ H$mo H$å߶yQ>a, hmS>©do¶a, gm°âQ>do¶a
Am¡a H$Z¡p³Q>{dQ>r CnbãY H$amZo O¡gr AmYma^yV g‘ñ¶mAm| H$m g‘mYmZ
H$aZo H$s Amdí¶H$Vm h¡&
1.7.2 ^mfm {df¶ Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘|
n‹T>Zm, {bIZm, ~mobZm Am¡a gwZZm ¶o {H«$¶mE± nmR²>¶M¶m© Ho$ g^r joÌm| ‘| ~ÀMm|
H$s àJ{V ‘| ‘hÎdnyU© ^y{‘H$m {Z^mVr h¡ Am¡a CÝh| nmR²>¶M¶m© H$s ¶moOZm H$m
AmYma hmoZm Mm{hE& Amapå^H$ H$jmAm| Ho$ nyao Xm¡a ‘o§ n‹T>Zo na Omoa XoZm Oê$ar
h¡, {Oggo à˶oH$ ~ÀMo H$mo ñHy$br {ejm H$m R>mog AmYma {‘b gHo$&
{Ì^mfm ’$m°‘ybo H$mo nwZ… bmJy {H$E OmZo H$s {Xem ‘| H$m‘ {H$¶m OmZm
Mm{hE, {Og‘| ~ÀMm| H$s Kaoby ^mfmAm| Am¡a ‘mV¥^mfmAm| H$mo {ejU Ho$ ‘mܶ‘
Ho$ ê$n ‘| ‘mݶVm XoZo H$s Oê$aV h¡& BZ‘| Am{Xdmgr ^mfmE± ^r gpå‘{bV h¢&
A§J«oOr H$mo Aݶ ^maVr¶ ^mfmAm| Ho$ ~rM ñWmZ {XE OmZo H$s Amdí¶H$Vm h¡&
^maVr¶ g‘mO H$s ~hþ^mfmË‘H$ àH¥${V H$mo ñHy$br OrdZ H$s g‘¥{Õ Ho$ {bE
g§gmYmZ Ho$ ê$n ‘| XoIm OmZm Mm{hE&
1.7.3 gm‘m{OH$ {dkmZ Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘|
~ÀMm| H$mo gm‘m{OH$ {ejm XoZo ‘o|$Ho$db Bg àH$ma H$s {ejm H$s Amdí¶H$Vm h¡,
{Oggo CZH$s gm‘m{OH$ AdYmaUm {dH${gV hmo& Bggo CÝh| gm‘m{OH$ ‘wÔm|
na ñdVÝÌ VWm AmbmoMZmË‘H$ ê$n go gmoMZo H$m Adga {‘boJm& ZmJ[aH$
emñÌ H$mo amOZr{VemñÌ ‘§o VãXrb H$a {X¶m OmE VWm B{Vhmg H$mo ~ÀMo
Ho$ AVrV VWm ZmJ[aH$Vm H$s nhMmZ H$s AdYmaUm na à^md S>mbZo dmbo
n¥îR> 375
{df¶ Ho$ ê$n ‘| nhMmZm OmE& à‘wI amîQ´>r¶ {MÝVmAm|, O¡go- b¢{JH$ ݶm¶,
‘mZd A{YH$ma, hm{eE na T>Ho$b {XE JE g‘yhm| Am¡a Aëng§»¶H$mo§ Ho$ à{V
g§doXZerbVm H$mo {dH${gV {H$E OmZo Ho$ {bE A§V…AZwemgZmË‘H$ ÑpîQ>H$moU
AnZmE OmZo H$s Oê$aV h¡&
1.7.4 {dkmZ {df¶ Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘|
{dkmZ H$s ^mfm, à{H«$¶m Ed§ {df¶dñVw {dÚmWu H$s C‘« Am¡a CgH$s kmZ H$s
gr‘m Ho$ AZwHy$b hmoZr Mm{hE& {dkmZ H$s {ejm ‘| Bg àH$ma H$m n[adV©Z
Ed§ gwYma H$aZm Mm{hE {H$ ¶h à˶oH$ ~mbH$ H$mo AnZo à{V{XZ Ho$ H$m¶m] Ho$
AZw^dm| H$mo naIZo Ed§ Om±MZo Am¡a CZH$m {díbofU H$aZo ‘| gj‘ ~ZmE&
n[adoe gå~ÝYr gamoH$mam| Am¡a {MÝVmAm| na ha {df¶ ‘| Omoa {XE
OmZo H$s Oê$aV h¡ Am¡a ¶h T>oam| J{V{d[Y¶m± Am¡a ~mhar Xþ{Z¶m na H$s JB©
n[a¶moOZmAm| Ho$ Ûmam hmoZm Mm{hE& g^r àH$ma H$s n[a¶moOZmAm| Ho$ ‘mܶ‘ go
{ZH$bZo dmbr gyMZmAm| Am¡a g‘P Ho$ AmYma na ^maVr¶ n¶m©daU H$mo boH$a
EH$ gd©gwb^ Am¡a nmaXeu S>mQ>m~og V¡¶ma hmo gH$Vm h¡, Omo A˶ÝV Cn¶moJr
e¡j{UH$ g§gmYZ gm{~V hmoJm& ¶{X {dÚm{W©¶m| H$s n[a¶moOZmE± gw{Z¶mo{OV
hmo, Vmo CZgo kmZ g¥{OV hmoJm& ~mb {dkmZ H$m§J«og H$s VO© na EH$ gm‘m{OH$
AmÝXmobZ H$s H$ënZm H$s Om gH$Vr h¡, {Oggo nyao Xoe ‘| AÝdofU H$s {ejm
H$mo àmoËgmhZ {‘boJm, Omo ~mX ‘| nyao X{jU E{e¶m ‘| ’¡$b gH$Vm h¡&
{dkmZ H$s {ejm H$mo ~ÀMm| Ho$ n[adoe Ho$ ì¶mnH$ gÝX^© Ho$ AZwHy$b
hmoZm Mm{hE Vm{H$ CZ‘| ~mhar Xþ{Z¶m ‘o§ àdoe H$aZo bm¶H$ Oê$ar kmZ Ed§
H$m¡eb {dH${gV hmo gHo$& n¶m©daU H$s {MÝVmAm| Ho$ à{V OmJê$H$Vm H$mo gånyU©
ñHy$br nmR²>¶M¶m© ‘| ì¶má hmoZm Mm{hE&
1.7.5 H$m‘ {df¶ Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘|
nyd© àmW{‘H$ ñVa go boH$a CÀM ‘mܶ{‘H$ ñVa na ñHy$br nmR²>¶M¶m©
H$mo nwZJ©{R>V {H$E OmZo H$s Amdí¶H$Vm h¡, {Og‘| kmZ AO©Z, ‘yë¶m| H$m
{dH$mg Am¡a ~hþ{dY H$m¡ebm| Ho$ {Z‘m©U Ho$ gÝX^© ‘| H$m‘ H$s {ejmemñÌr¶
gå^mdZmAm| H$mo XoIm Om gHo$&
H$m‘ Ho$ gÝX^© ‘| Amapå^H$ ñVa go ewê$ H$aVo hþE A{YJ‘ go Omo‹S>Zo
Ho$ {bE Hw$N> ~w{Z¶mXr H$X‘ gwPmE JE h¢& CZHo$ nrN>o AmYma ¶h h¡ {H$ kmZ
H$m‘ H$mo AZw^d ‘| ê$nmÝV[aV H$a XoVm h¡ Am¡a gh¶moJ, g¥OZmË‘H$Vm Am¡a
AmË‘-{Z^©aVm O¡go ‘yë¶m| H$s CËn{Îm H$aVm h¡& ¶h kmZ Am¡a aMZmË‘H$Vm Ho$
ZE ê$nm| H$s àoaUm ^r XoVm h¡& d[aîR> H$jmAm| ‘| ñHy$b Ho$ ~mha Ho$ g§gmYZm|
H$mo Am¡nMm[aH$ ‘mݶVm XoZo H$s {g’$m[ae H$s JB© h¡ Vm{H$ CZ ~ÀMm| H$mo bm^
nhþ±M gHo$, Omo AmOr{dH$m go grYo Ow‹S>r hþB© {ejm H$m MwZmd H$aVo h¢& ñHy$b Ho$
~mha H$s AmOr{dH$m g§ñWmAm| H$mo Am¡nMm[aH$ ‘mݶVm H$s Oê$aV h¡, {Oggo
do ~ÀMm| H$mo Eogm ñWmZ CnbãY H$admE±, Ohm± ~ÀMo Am¡Omam| Am¡a Xÿgao gmYZm|
go H$m‘ H$a|& XñVH$m[a¶m| Ho$ ‘mZ{MÌrH$aU H$s {g’$m[ae H$s JB© h¡, {Oggo
CZ joÌm| H$s nhMmZ H$s Om gHo$ Ohm± ~ÀMm| H$mo ñWmZr¶ H$marJam| Ho$ ghmao
XñVH$m[a¶m| ‘| à{ejU {X¶m Om gHo$&
1.7.6 H$bm {df¶ Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘|
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
n¥îR> 376 amîQ´>r¶ nmR²>¶M¶m© ê$naoIm, 2005
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&
H$bm (g§JrV, Z¥Ë¶, Ñí¶H$bm, H$R>nwVbr H$bm, {‘År H$s H$bm, ZmQ>H$ Am{X Ho$
bmoH$ VWm emñÌr¶ ê$n) Am¡a Yamoha {eënm| H$mo nmR²>¶M¶m© ‘| g‘o{H$V KQ>H$m|
Ho$ ê$n ‘| ‘mݶVm àXmZ H$s OmZr Mm{hE& ^maVr¶ nmaån[aH$ XñVH$m[a¶m±
Am[W©H$ Am¡a gm¡ÝX¶©naH$ ‘yë¶m| Ho$ AW© ‘| ñHy$br {ejm Ho$ {bE àmg§{JH$ Am¡a
‘hÎdnyU© h¡, ¶h V϶ nhMmZm OmZm Mm{hE& d¡¶p³VH$, Am{W©H$, gm‘m{OH$
Am¡a gm¡ÝX¶m©Ë‘H$ Amdí¶H$VmAm| Ho$ gÝX^© ‘| CZH$s àmg§{JH$Vm Ho$ ~mao ‘|
‘mVm-{nVm, {dÚmb¶ Ho$ A{YH$m[a¶m| Am¡a àemgH$m| ‘| OmJê$H$Vm n¡Xm H$aZm
Amdí¶H$ h¡& ~ÀMm| ‘| H$bm Ho$ à{V é{M {dH${gV H$aZo Ho$ {bE {dÚmb¶r
{ejm Ho$ à˶oH$ ñVa na H$bm H$mo em{‘b {H$¶m OmZm Mm{hE&
1.7.7 ñdmñ϶ Ed§ emar[aH$ {ejm Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘|
ñdmñ϶ Ed§ emar[aH$ {ejm {dÚm{W©¶m| Ho$ g‘J« {dH$mg Ho$ {bE Amdí¶H$ h¡&
ñdmñ϶ Ed§ emar[aH$ {ejm Ho$ ‘mܶ‘ go ñHy$b ‘| Zm‘m§H$Z, CnpñW{V Ed§
R>hamd Am{X H$s g‘ñ¶m go {ZnQ>m Om gH$Vm h¡&
{dÚmb¶ ‘| ~ÀMm| H$s g’$bVm CZHo$ nmofU Am¡a gw{Z¶mo{OV emar[aH$ J{V{d{Y
Ho$ H$m¶©H«$‘m| na {Z^©a hmoVr h¡& Bgr{bE Amdí¶H$ g§gmYZm| Am¡a ñHy$b Ho$
g‘¶ H$mo, ‘ܶm• ^moOZ H$m¶©H«$‘ H$mo gwÑ‹T> ~ZmZo ‘| bJmZm Mm{hE& ¶h
gw{ZpíMV H$aZo Ho$ {bE {deof à¶mgm| H$s Oê$aV hmoJr, O¡go {H$ ñdmñ϶
Am¡a emar[aH$ {ejm Ho$ H$m¶©H«$‘m| ‘| embm nyd© AdñWm go boH$a AmJo VH$
b‹S>{H$¶m| H$s Amoa ^r CVZm hr ܶmZ {X¶m OmE, {OVZm {H$ b‹S>H$m| H$s Va’$
{X¶m OmVm h¡&
1.7.8 empÝV Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘|
ñHy$br {ejm Ho$ Xm¡amZ Cn¶w³V J{V{d{Y¶m| Ho$ ‘mܶ‘ go g^r {df¶m| ‘| empÝV
Ho$ ‘yë¶m| H$m g§dÕ©Z {H$¶m OmZm Mm{hE VWm empÝV Ho$ {bE {ejm H$mo {ejH$-
à{ejU H$m ^r EH$ Ad¶d ~Zm¶m OmZm Mm{hE&
{díd ‘o§ ~‹T>Vr Ag{hîUwVm Am¡a ‘V^oXm| H$mo gwbPmZo Ho$ VarHo$ Ho$ ê$n
‘| Bg ~mV H$s {g’$m[ae H$s JB© h¡ {H$ empÝV H$mo amîQ´>r¶ {Z‘m©U H$s nyd© eV©
Am¡a EH$ gm‘m{OH$ g§ñH$ma Ho$ ê$n ‘| g‘J« ‘yë¶ g§aMZm Ho$ Vm¡a na ñdrH$ma
{H$¶m OmE, {OgH$s AmO A˶{YH$ àmg§{JH$Vm h¡& EH$ bmoH$VmpÝÌH$ Am¡a
ݶm¶nyU© g§ñH¥${V ‘| ~ÀMm| Ho$ g‘mOrH$aU Ho$ {bE, empÝV Ho$ {bE {ejm H$s
gå^mdZmAm| H$mo {d{^ÝZ J{V{d{Y¶m| Ho$ Ûmam à˶oH$ ñVa na Am¡a à˶oH$ {df¶
‘| {df¶m| Ho$ {ddoH$nyU© MwZmd Ho$ O[aE gmH$ma {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡&
1.7.9 {dÚmb¶ dmVmdaU Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘|
{ejH$m| Ho$ àXe©Z H$mo gwYmaZo Ho$ {bE AmYma^yV Am¡a ^m¡{VH$ gm‘J«r H$s
ݶyZV‘ CnbãYVm Am¡a X¡{ZH$ ¶moOZm H$mo bMrbm ~ZmZm Amdí¶H$ h¡& ~ÀMm|
H$mo grIZo dmbm| Ho$ ê$n ‘| nhMmZZo dmbr ñHy$br g§ñH¥${V à˶oH$ ~ÀMo H$s
é{M¶m| Am¡a CgH$s gå^mdZmAm| H$mo Am¡a A{YH$ g‘¥Õ H$aVr h¡& grIZo Ho$
{bE EH$ g~go A{Zdm¶© eV© ¶h h¡ {H$ Eogr {d{eîQ> J{V{d{Y¶m| H$m Am¶moOZ
{H$¶m OmE, {OZ‘| gj‘ Am¡a {d{^ÝZ Aj‘VmAm| H$mo Pob aho ~ÀMo ^r ^mJ
bo gH|$&
dV©‘mZ n[aàoú¶ ‘| {ejm Am¡a grIZo Ho$ gmYZm| Ho$ ~mao ‘| nwZ{d©Mma
àJʶ
H$s Amdí¶H$Vm h¡& {ZåZ ‘hÎdnyU© gÝX^m] na {deof ê$n go ܶmZ XoZo H$s
Oê$aV h¡-
1. {dÚmb¶ H$m nwñVH$mb¶ {dÚm{W©¶m|, {ejH$m| Am¡a g‘wXm¶ Ho$ bmoJm|
Ho$ {bE kmZ H$mo Jham H$aZo Am¡a {dñV¥V g§gma Ho$ gmW Omo‹S>Zo
dmbm hmoZm Mm{hE&
2. nmR²>¶nwñVH$ ‘| AdYmaUmAm| H$s ì¶m»¶m, J{V{d{Y¶m±, g‘ñ¶mE±
Am¡a Aä¶mg Cggo gå~pÝYV {MÝVZ Am¡a g‘yh H$m¶© H$mo ~‹T>mdm
XoZo dmbo hmoZo Mm{hE&
3. [ejm ‘| {Ûnjr¶ g§dmX ~ZmZo Ho$ {bE ‘ëQ>r‘r{S>¶m Am¡a gyMZm Ed§
g§Mma VH$ZrH$s Ho$ gmYZm| H$m Cn¶moJ {H$¶m OmZm Mm{hE&
4. ghm¶H$ nwñVH|$, H$m¶© nwpñVH$mE±, {ejH$m| Ho$ {bE ‘mJ©X{e©H$mE±
Am{X A{^Zd {MÝVZ Am¡a ZdrZ ÑpîQ> na AmYm[aV hmoZr Mm{hE&
{ejm H$m dmVmdaU ~ZmZo Ho$ {bE ñHy$b gmaUr H$s {dHo$ÝÐrH¥$V
¶moOZm, X¡{ZH$ gmaUr Am¡a {ejH$ H$mo noeoda H$m¶m] Ho$ {bE ñdm¶ÎmVm A{Zdm¶©
h¡&
{dÚmb¶ Ho$ dmVmdaU H$mo nmR²>¶M¶m© Ho$ EH$ A§J Ho$ ê$n ‘| ‘mZm OmVm
h¡, ³¶m|{H$ ¶h N>mÌm| H$mo {ejm Ho$ bú¶m| Am¡a A{YJ‘ H$s CZ {d{Y¶m| hoVw
V¡¶ma H$aVm h¡, Omo {dÚmb¶ ‘| g’$bVm hoVw Amdí¶H$ h¡& EH$ g§gmYZ Ho$
ê$n ‘| ñHy$b Ho$ g‘¶ H$mo bMrbo T>§J go {Z¶mo{OV {H$E OmZo H$s Amdí¶H$Vm
h¡& ñWmZr¶ ñVa na {Z¶mo{OV bMrbo ñHy$br H¡$boÊS>a Am¡a g‘¶ gmaUr H$s
{g’$m[ae H$s JB© h¡, Vm{H$ n[a¶moOZm Am¡a nmaån[aH$ Yamoha dmbo ñWbm| Ho$
{bE ^«‘U O¡gr {d{dY àH$ma H$s J{V{d{Y¶m| Ho$ {bE Adga {‘b gHo$&
amîQ>´r¶ nmR²>¶M¶m© ê$naoIm, 2005 ‘mܶ{‘H$ ñVa na {dH$ënm| ‘|
~hþbVm Am¡a bMrbonZ Ho$ ‘hÎd na Omoa XoVr h¡ Am¡a ~ÀMm| H$mo ~ÝX Im±Mm| ‘|
S>mb XoZo H$s ñWm{nV àd¥[Îm H$mo hVmoËgm{hV H$aVr h¡, ³¶m|{H$ Bggo ~ÀMm| Ho$,
{deofH$a J«m‘rU joÌm| Ho$ ~ÀMm| Ho$ Adga gr{‘V hmo OmVo h¢&
1.7.10 ì¶dñWmJV gwYma Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘|
ì¶dñWmJV gwYma go A{^àm¶, g§ñWm Ûmam AnZr H${‘¶m| H$mo OmZH$a CZ‘|
gwYma H$aHo$ JwUdÎmm ‘| gwYma VWm Z¶r j‘VmAm| H$mo {dH${gV H$aZo go h¡& ¶h
dm§N>Zr¶ h¡ {H$ g‘mZ ñHy$b ì¶dñWm {dH${gV H$s OmE, Vm{H$ Xoe Ho$ AbJ-
AbJ joÌm| H$s VwbZr¶ JwUdÎmm ^r gw{ZpíMV hmo gHo$, ³¶m|{H$ O~ AbJ-
AbJ n¥îR>^y{‘¶m| Ho$ ~ÀMo gmW-gmW n‹T>Vo h¢, Vmo Bggo {ejU H$s JwUdÎmm ‘|
{dH$mg hmoVm h¡ Am¡a {dÚmb¶ H$m dmVmdaU g‘¥Õ hmoVm h¡& AmJm‘r ¶moOZm Ho$
{bE ‘hÎdnyU© joÌm| H$s nhMmZ H$s ewéAmV ñHy$bm| go H$aVo hþE, g§Hw$b VWm
IÊS>-ñVa na hmo& ~mX ‘| BÝh| g‘o{H$V H$aVo hþE {dñV¥V ê$naoIm ~ZmB© Om
gH$Vr h¡& ¶h AmJo {Obm ñVa na {dHo$ÝÐrH$aU ¶moOZm Zr{V ~ZmZo ‘| ‘XX
H$a gH$Vr h¡& àYmZmܶmnH$ Am¡a {ejH$m| Ho$ gh¶moJ go gmW©H$ AH$mX{‘H$
¶moOZm H$m {dH$mg VWm nR>Z-nmR>Z Ho$ gÝX^© ‘| à˶oH$ ñHy$b Ho$ gmW gVV²
AÝV…{H«$¶m H$s OmZr Mm{hE, Vm{H$ JwUdÎmm H$m {ZarjU {H$¶m Om gHo$&
ì¶dñWmJV g§emoYZm| Ho$ n[aàoú¶ ‘| amîQ>´r¶ nmR²>¶M¶m© ê$naoIm,
2005 n§Mm¶VramO ì¶dñWm H$mo gwÑ‹T> ~ZmZo na Omoa XoVr h¡& JwUdÎmm Am¡a
Odm~Xohr ~‹T>mZo Ho$ ‘mܶ‘ Ho$ ê$n ‘| gm‘wXm{¶H$ ^mJrXmar H$mo àmoËgm{hV
àJʶ amîQ´>r¶ nmR²>¶M¶m© ê$naoIm, 2005
H$aZo Ho$ {bE EH$ A{YH$ gw{Z¶mo{OV éI AnZmH$a ¶h {H$¶m Om gH$Vm
h¡& MÅmonmܶm¶ H$‘reZ (1984) Ûmam gwPmE JE noeoda ‘mZH$m| ‘| T>rbmnZ
bmZo H$s hmb H$s àd¥{Îm Ho$ H$m¶©H«$‘m| H$mo Á¶mXm bå~r Ad{Y H$m VWm A{YH$
g‘J«Vm {bE hþE hmoZm Mm{hE, Vm{H$ ~ÀMm| H$m ܶmZnyd©H$ AdbmoH$Z H$aZo Ho$
{bE VWm {dÚmb¶m| ‘| B§Q>Z©{en Ho$ Ûmam {ejmemñÌr¶ {gÕmÝVm| H$mo ì¶dhma
go Omo‹S>Zo$Ho$ {bE n¶m©á Adga àmá hmo gHo$&
1.7.11 AܶmnH$ {ejm Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘|
{ejH$ {ejm H$m¶©H«$‘m| H$m Bg àH$ma nwZg©yÌrH$aU Ed§ ep³VH$aU {H$¶m OmE
{H$ {ejH$ {ZåZ àH$ma AnZr ^y{‘H$m {Z^m gHo$-
1. {ejH$-{ejm H$m Bg àH$ma nwZg©yÌrH$aU hmo {H$ Bg‘| kmZ {Z‘m©U
‘| {dÚmWu H$s g{H«$¶ ^mJrXmar, A{YJ‘ Ho$ gmPo gÝX^©, kmZ
{Z‘m©U H$s à{H«$¶m ‘| {ejH$ CËàoaH$ H$m H$m‘ H$ao Am{X na ~b
{X¶m OmE& {ejH$ {ejm H$m ÑpîQ>H$moU ~hþ-AZwemgZmË‘H$ hmo,
Cg‘| {gÕmÝV Am¡a ì¶dhma AÝV^y©V hmo VWm Bg‘| AmbmoMZmË‘H$
n[aàoú¶ {dH${gV H$aZo H$s ÑpîQ> go g‘H$mbrZ ^maVr¶ gm‘m{OH$
‘wÔm| na ~mVMrV hmo&
2. Aܶ¶Z-AܶmnZ H$s n[apñW{V¶m| H$mo {ejH$m| Ho$ {bE
CËgmhdÕ©H$, gh¶moJr Am¡a ‘mZdr¶ ~Zm¶m OmE, Vm{H$ {dÚm{W©¶m|
H$mo AnZr emar[aH$ VWm ~m¡{ÕH$ gå^mdZmAm| Ho$ nyU© {dH$mg H$m
Adga {‘bo& gmW hr {Oå‘oXma ZmJ[aH$ Ho$ ê$n ‘| AnZr ^y{‘H$m
{Z^mZo Ho$ {bE dm§N>Zr¶ gm‘m{OH$ Am¡a ‘mZdr¶ ‘yë¶m| Ho$ {dH$mg
H$m ^r Adga {‘b gHo$&
3. bmoH$VmpÝÌH$ gh^m{JVm H$mo gmH$ma H$aZo hoVw J«m‘ ñVa H$s
g‘mZmÝVa g§ñWmAm| Ho$ {H«$¶mH$bmnm| H$mo {Z¶{ÝÌV H$a n§Mm¶VramO
g§ñWmAm| H$mo ‘O~yVr àXmZ H$s Om gHo$&
4. {ejH$ H$mo Eogo g‘yh H$m {hñgm hmoZm Mm{hE, Omo bJmVma {dÚm{W©¶m|
H$s ì¶p³VJV Am¡a gm‘m{OH$ Amdí¶H$VmAm| H$mo ܶmZ ‘| aIH$a
gwYma ‘| gOJVm go bJm hmo&
5. {ejH$ {ejm ‘| ^m{fH$ XjVm H$mo Ho$ÝÐ ‘| aIm OmE Am¡a {ejH$
{ejm H$m g‘o{H$V ‘m°S>b {dH${gV {H$¶m OmE, Vm{H$ {ejH$m| Ho$
noeodanZ H$mo ‘O~yV {H$¶m Om gHo$&
6. godmH$mbrZ {ejU ñHy$b ‘| ~Xbmd H$m CËàoaH$ hmo&
1.7.12 narjm ì¶dñWm ‘| gwYma Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘|
N>mÌm| ‘| hmoZo dmbo narjm VZmd H$mo H$‘ H$aZo VWm narjm ‘| g’$bVm H$s d¥{Õ
Ho$ {bE {ZåZ ‘hÎdnyU© {~ÝXþAm| na ~b XoZo H$s Amdí¶H$Vm h¡-
1. {df¶dñVw Ho$ narjU Ho$ ñWmZ na {ejm{W©¶m| H$s g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ
VWm g‘P H$mo Om±MZo H$s {Xem ‘| n[adV©Z {H$¶m OmZm Mm{hE&
BgHo$ {bE àíZ-nÌ Ho$ dV©‘mZ ñdê$n ‘| n[adV©Z Amdí¶H$ h¡&
2. EH$ Eogr ZmoS>b EOoÝgr H$s ñWmnZm, Omo àdoe narjmAm| Ho$ {S>OmBZ
~ZmE VWm CÝh| g§Mm{bV H$a gHo$&
3. nmaX{e©Vm Am¡a AmÝV[aH$ AmH$bZ H$mo ~‹T>mdm XoVo hþE narjmAm| H$mo
H$jm H$s J{V{d{Y¶m| go Omo‹S>m OmZm Mm{hE&
n¥îR> 377
4. AmO àM{bV nmg Am¡a ’o$b H$s gm‘mݶrH¥$V lo{U¶m| H$s H$‘r Xÿa
H$aZo Ho$ {bE Oê$ar hmoJm {H$ Eogr ¶wp³V¶m± ImoOr OmE±, Omo ~ÀMm| H$mo
AbJ-AbJ ñVa H$s CnbpãY¶m| H$m {dH$ën boZo H$mo ào[aV H$a gH|$&
5. Xgdt Am¡a ~mhadt H$jm ‘| ~ÀMm| Am¡a CZHo$ ‘mVm-{nVm na ~‹T>Vo
‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ X~md H$s JhamVr g‘ñ¶mAm| H$m g‘mYmZ&
6. {dÚm{W©¶m| H$s aQ>Zo H$s j‘Vm Ho$ ñWmZ na VH©$ep³V Am¡a
aMZmË‘H$ j‘VmAm| H$mo AmH$bZ H$m AmYma ~Zm¶m OmZm Mm{hE&
7. ~moS>©-nyd© narjmAm| na A{V[a³V Omoa H$mo ^r hVmoËgm{hV {H$E OmZo
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg
H$s Oê$aV h¡& nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m
8. bMrbr g‘¶ gr‘m Ho$ gmW narjm& h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJʶ
àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ>
9. bKw narjmAm| H$s Amoa ~Xbmd& www.praganya.org
na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF
S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
1.7.13 ì¶mdgm{¶H$ {ejm Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘|
{dÚmb¶r nmR²>¶M¶m© ‘| nyd© àmW{‘H$ go 12dt H$jm VH$ H$m‘ Ho$pÝÐV {ejm
H$mo, {ejm H$m A{^ÝZ A§J ‘mZ g§ñWmJV XOm© {X¶m OmE& Bggo d¡pídH$
AW©ì¶dñWm H$s MwZm¡{V¶m| H$m gm‘Zm H$aZo Ho$ {bE ì¶mdgm{¶H$ {ejm H$s
nwZa©MZm hmo gHo$Jr& ì¶mdgm{¶H$ {ejm Ed§ à{ejU (doQ>) H$mo {‘eZ ‘moS>
Ho$ ê$n ‘| àmaå^ H$aZo VWm {H«$¶mpÝdV H$aZo H$s Amdí¶H$Vm h¡& Bg joÌ
‘| nhbo go CnbãY gw{dYmAm| Ho$ gh¶moJ go Jm±d, g‘wXm¶ Am¡a ãbm°H$ ñVa
go boH$a {Obm, ZJa Am¡a ‘hmZJa VH$ ‘| ì¶mdgm{¶H$ {ejm VWm à{ejU
Ho$ÝÐm| Am¡a g§ñWmAm| H$s ñWmnZm H$s OmE& {ejH$m| Ho$ MwZmd Am¡a ~ÀMm| H$s
Amdí¶H$VmAm| VWm é{M¶m| H$m {d{d{YVm go {dñVma H$aZo Ho$ {bE {d{dY
nmR²>¶nwñVH$m| H$mo CnbãY H$am¶m OmE&
1.7.14 ZdmMmam| Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘|
AÝVV… amîQ>´r¶ nmR²>¶M¶m© ê$naoIm, 2005 ñHy$br ì¶dñWm Am¡a Xÿgao ZmJ[aH$
g‘yhm| Ho$ ~rM gh^m{JVm H$s {g’$m[ae H$aVr h¡, {OZ‘| J¡a-gaH$mar g§JR>Z
Am¡a {ejH$ g§JR>Z ^r em{‘b h¢& nhbo go hr ‘m¡OyX ZdmMmam| Ho$ AZw^dm| H$mo
‘w»¶ Ymam H$m ñdê$n XoZo H$s Oê$aV h¡& {ejU AZw^dm| VWm {d{dY H$jm
Aä¶mgm| ‘| gmPoXmar H$mo ~‹T>mdm {‘bo Vm{H$ ZE {dMma CËnÝZ hmo gHo$ Am¡a
ZdmMma d à¶moJ H$mo ~‹T>mdm {‘bo& AmO Oê$aV Bg ~mV H$s h¡ {H$ Amapå^H$
{ejm Ho$ gd©ì¶mnrH$aU ‘| {Z{hV MwZm¡{V¶m| Ho$ à{V gOJVm H$mo amÁ¶ Am¡a
~ÀMm| H$mo boH$a H$m‘ H$a ahr EOo{Ýg¶m| Ho$ ~rM EH$ ì¶mnH$ gh^m{JVm H$m
{df¶ ~Zm¶m OmE Am¡a nhbo go ‘m¡OyX ZdmMmam| Ho$ AZw^dm| H$mo ‘w»¶Ymam ‘|
bm¶m OmE&
{ZîH$f©V… amîQ>r´ ¶ nmR²>¶M¶m© ê$naoIm, 2005 ~mbH$m| Ho$ gdmªJrU
{dH$mg na ~b XoVr h¡& Bg‘| ZdrZ VH$ZrH$s, {ejU {d{Y¶m| VWm {ejU gm‘J«r
Ho$ à¶moJ H$mo ì¶mnH$Vm Ho$ gmW ‘mݶVm àXmZ H$s JB© h¡& ¶h nmR²>¶M¶m© ~mbH$m|
H$mo ‘mZ{gH$ Ed§ emar[aH$ ê$n go g{H«$¶ ~ZmVo hþE {ejU àXmZ H$aZo na ~b
XoVr h¡& BgHo$ AÝVJ©V {ejU go gå~pÝYV g^r joÌm| H$mo ܶmZ ‘| aIm J¶m h¡&
AV… ¶h H$hm Om gH$Vm h¡ {H$ amîQ>r´ ¶ nmR²>¶M¶m© ê$naoIm nmR²>¶M¶m© gwYma Ed§
~mbH$m| Ho$ gdmªJrU {dH$mg H$s {Xem ‘| EH$ à§egZr¶ à¶mg h¡&
*******
~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m à˶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡
{H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJʶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&
n¥îR> 378 amîQ´>r¶ nmR²>¶M¶m© ê$naoIm, 2005 àJʶ
¶h nwñVH$ àJʶ àH$meZ, www.praganya.org O¶nwa Ûmam àH$m[eV H$s J¶r h¡ Ed§ BgHo$ àH$meZ Ho$ gdm©{YH$ma àJʶ àH$meZ Ho$ nmg gwa{jV h¡&

Aä¶mgmW© àíZ 8. amîQ´>r¶ nmR²>¶M¶m© ê$naoIm, 2005 ‘| JwUdÎmm Am¶m‘ erf©H$ Ho$
AÝVJ©V A˶{YH$ ‘hÎd {X¶m J¶m h¡-
(1) ^m¡{VH$ g§gmYZm| H$mo
1. nmR> ¶moOZm go A{^àm¶ h¡- (2) {e{jV Ed§ A{^ào[aV AܶmnH$m| H$mo
(1) n‹T>m¶o JE nmR> H$mo ñd¶§ n‹T>H$a OmZZm& (3) ~mbH$m| Ho$ {bE kmZ Ho$ gÝX^© ‘| g§a{MV AZw^dm| H$mo
(2) CZ g^r ~mVm| H$m {ddaU V¡¶ma H$aZm, {OÝh| {ejH$ H$jm Ho$ AÝXa (4) ~mbH$m| Ho$ {bE g§a{MV AZw^d Ed§ nmR²>¶H«$‘ gwYma H$mo
EH$ {ZpíMV g‘¶ ‘| nyam H$aZo H$s BÀN>m aIVm h¡&
9. amîQ´>r¶ nmR²>¶M¶m© ê$naoIm, 2005 ‘| ~mVMrV H$s JB©-
(3) N>mÌm| go nyN>o OmZo dmbo àíZm| H$m ã¶m¡aodma CÎma V¡¶ma H$aZm&
(1) kmZ ñWm¶r h¡ d {X¶m OmVm h¡, kmZ H$m {dH$mg hmoVm h¡ Am¡a BgH$s
(4) N>mÌm| go nyN>o OmZo dmbo g^r àíZm| H$s gyMr V¡¶ma H$aZm&
g§aMZm hmoVr h¡&
2. AmnHo$ {dMma go nmR²>¶H«$‘- (2) e¡{jH$ Ho$ÝÐ go {df¶ Ho$ÝX« na hmo&
(1) N>mÌ H$s é{M¶m| Ho$ AZwgma hmoZm Mm{hE& (3) {dÚmWu Ho$pÝÐV go AܶmnH$ Ho$pÝX«V H$s Amoa
(2) Eogm hmo, Omo {dÚm{W©¶m| H$s Amdí¶H$VmZwgma ~Xbm Om gHo$& (4) BZ‘| go H$moB© Zht
(3) N>mÌ H$s {H«$¶merbVm H$m gXþn¶moJ H$aZo dmbm hmo&
10. amîQ´>r¶ nmR²>¶M¶m© ê$naoIm, 2005 ‘| {ZåZ ‘| go {H$g narjm gå~ÝYr
(4) Cn¶w©³V g^r
gwPmd H$mo gwPm¶m J¶m h¡?
3. amîQ´>r¶ nmR²>¶M¶m© ê$naoIm, 2005 Ho$ AÝVJ©V narjm gwYmam| ‘| (1) 10dt H$jm H$s ~moS>© narjm EopÀN>H$ hmo&
{ZåZ{b{IV ‘§o go {H$g gwYma H$mo gwPm¶m J¶m h¡? (2) {dÚmb¶ {ejm H$s {d{^ÝZ AdñWmAm| na amÁ¶ ñVar¶ narjm g§MmbZ
(1) Iwbr nwñVH$ narjm (2) gVV²/{ZaÝVa ‘yë¶m§H$Z (3) à{V¶moJr àdoe narjmAm| H$mo Eo[ÀN>H$ H$aZm
(3) gm‘y{hH$ H$m¶© ‘yë¶m§H$Z (4) g^r (4) Cn¶w©³V g^r

4. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgm {gÕmÝV nmR>-¶moOZm ‘| em{‘b Zht h¡? 11. X~md H$mo H$‘ H$aZo Ed§ narjmAm| ‘| g’$bVm Ho$ {bE Amdí¶H$ h¡-
(1) CÔoí¶m| H$s ñnîQ>Vm (2) {ejH$ H$m kmZ (1) H$‘ Ad{Y H$s narjmAm| ‘| AÝVaU
(3) ¶moOZm H$s Ñ‹T>Vm (4) {ejm{W©¶m| H$m kmZ (2) {dÚmb¶r {ejm H$s {d{^ÝZ MaUm| ‘| narjmAm| H$m Am¶moOZ
(3) dm{f©H$ Ed§ AÕ©dm{f©H$ narjmE±
5. amîQ´>r¶ nmR²>¶M¶m© ê$naoIm, 2005 H$s g§ñVw{V¶m| Ho$ AZwgma H$jm EH$ (4) {d{^ÝZ àdoe narjmAm| Ho$ {bE {d{^ÝZ EOopÝg¶m| H$s ñWmnZm
Ed§ H$jm Xmo Ho$ {dÚm{W©¶m| Ho$ {bE ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$m VarH$m hmoZm Mm{hE-
(1) {b{IV narjU Ho$ AmYma na
12. amîQ´>r¶ nmR²>¶M¶m© ê$naoIm, 2005 ‘| empÝV {ejm H$mo ~‹T>mdm XoZo Ho$
(2) ‘m¡{IH$ narjU Ho$ AmYma na {bE Hw$N> {H«$¶mAm| H$s AZwe§gm H$s JB© h¡& nmR²>¶M¶m© ê$naoIm ‘| {ZåZ
(3) {b{IV Ed§ ‘m¡{IH$ narjU Ho$ AmYma na ‘| go {H$go gyMr~Õ {H$¶m J¶m h¡?
(4) àojU Ho$ AmYma na (1) ‘{hbmAm| Ho$ à{V AmXa Ed§ {Oå‘oXmar H$m ÑpîQ>H$moU H$m {dH${gV H$aZo
Ho$ {bE H$m¶©H«$‘ Am¶mo{OV {H$E OmE&
6. amîQ´>r¶ nmR²>¶M¶m© ê$naoIm, 2005 H$s g§ñVw{V¶m| Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘| (2) Z¡{VH$ {ejm H$mo n‹T>m¶m OmE&
H$m¡Zgm H$WZ g˶ Zht h¡? (3) empÝV {ejm H$mo EH$ AbJ {df¶ Ho$ ê$n ‘| n‹T>m¶m OmE&
(1) {díd{dÚmb¶m| H$mo amOZr{V go ‘w³V aIZm (4) empÝV {eúmm H$mo nmR²>¶H«$‘ ‘| gpå‘{bV {H$¶m OmE&
(2) kmZ H$mo ~mø OrdZ go Omo‹S>Zm
(3) amîQ´> Ho$ àOmVm§{ÌH$ ‘yë¶m| H$m gå‘mZ 13. amîQ´>r¶ nmR²>¶M¶m© ê$naoIm, 2005 ‘| ~hþ^mfm H$mo EH$ g§gmYZ Ho$ ê$n
(4) narjmAm| ‘| bMrbmnZ ‘| g‘W©Z {X¶m J¶m h¡, ³¶m|{H$-
(1) ¶h EH$ VarH$m h¡, {Og‘| à˶oH$ ~mbH$ gwa{jV ‘hgyg H$ao&
7. amîQ´>r¶ nmR²>¶M¶m© H$s ê$naoIm, 2005 Ho$ AZwgma J{UV {ejU H$m (2) ^mfmJV n¥îR>^y{‘ Ho$ H$maU H$moB© ^r ~mbH$ nrN>o Z Ny>Q> OmE&
‘w»¶ CÔoí¶ h¡- (3) ¶h ~mbH$m| H$mo ñd¶§ na {dídmg Ho$ {bE àmoËgmhZ XoJm&
(1) ~mbH$m| H$mo A§H$J{UV H$m kmZ XoZm& (4) BZ‘| go g^r
(2) ~mbH$m| ‘| J{UV Ho$ à{V é{M n¡Xm H$aZm&
(3) ~mbH$m| ‘| Vm{H©$H$ {MÝVZ Am¡a g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ H$s ¶mo½¶Vm H$m {dH$mg H$aZm& *******
(4) ~mbH$m| H$m g§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mg H$aZm&
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13.
(2) (2) (4) (3) (4) (1) (3) (4) (1) (1) (1) (1) (4)
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