LAB No4

LAB No.
Title: Germination Rate
Aim: To determine the germination rate of bean and corn seeds in various soils
Materials & Apparatus: Bean and Corn seeds, four soil types, seed trays, water
Method:
Both Bean and Corn seed, along with four different soil types (Compost, Ash & Top soil, Horse Manure,
Ash) were obtained. Each soil type was placed in its own labeled individual seed tray, each containing
seventy-two (72) slots. Thirty-six (36) bean seeds were placed in one half of each seed tray, while 36
corn seeds were placed in the other half of each seed tray. The seed trays were placed in an equally
fairly sunny area and watered daily. The seeds were observed daily and all observations were recorded.
This was done over a nine (9) day period. Differences between the four (4) soil types were recorded. A
graph for each soil type was plotted showing the rate of germination of the bean and corn seed versus
days.
Results:
Table showing results for germination rate using Compost.
Corn Beans
Week 1
Monday Seeds planted and watered Seeds planted and watered
Tuesday No observation change, plants watered No observation change, plants watered
Wednesday No observation change, plants watered 7/36 observed germinated seeds
Thursday No observation change, plants watered 8/36 observed germinated seeds
Friday 15/36 observed germinated seeds 18/36 observed germinated seeds
Saturday 22/36 observed germinated seeds 22/36 observed germinated seeds
Week 2
Sunday 26/36 observed germinated seeds 32/36 observed germinated seeds
Monday 28/36 observed germinated seeds 35/36 observed germinated seeds
Tuesday 29/36 observed germinated seeds 35/36 observed germinated seeds
Table showing results for germination rate using Ash & Top soil
Corn Beans
Week 1
Wednesday No observation change, plants watered No observation change, plants watered
Week 2
Table showing results for germination rate using Horse Manure
Corn Beans
Week 1
Wednesday No observation change, plants watered 2/36 observed germinated seeds
Friday No observation change, plants watered 15/36 observed germinated seeds
Week 2
Table showing results for germination rate using Ash

Corn Beans
Week 1
Wednesday No observation change, plants watered No observation change, plants watered
Week 2
Analysis:
Graph Showing Germination Rate using Compost

100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday Monday Tuesday
Corn Beans
Graph Showing Germination Rate using Ash & Top soil

100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
Corn Beans
Graph Showing Germination Rate using Horse Manure
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
Corn Beans
Graph Showing Germination Rate using Ash

100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
Corn Beans
Discussion:
Germination is the process of seeds developing into new plants. First, environmental conditions must
trigger the seed to grow. Usually, this is determined by how deep the seed is planted, water availability,
and temperature. When water is plentiful, the seed fills with water in a process called imbibition. The
water activates special proteins, called enzymes, that begin the process of seed growth. First the seed
grows a root to access water underground. Next, the shoots, or growth above ground, begin to appear.
The seed sends a shoot towards the surface, where it will grow leaves to harvest energy from the sun.
Seeds are living miniature plants in an arrested state and contain the same parts as larger plants: roots,
stem, apical meristems, and cotyledons or “seed” leaves. The seed leaves develop chlorophyll, the
green pigment in plants, soon after germination and begin fixing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere
while giving off the oxygen we need to breath. The carbon dioxide is made into organic (carbon
containing) molecules that the plant uses to grow and develop. Most of plant dry weight is made up of
carbon derived from the atmosphere. Plants are vital to our existence because they provide the food
and fiber animals and humans need and the oxygen we all need to breath.
Several factors influence if, and how, seeds germinate. The most important factors are water availability,
temperature and sunlight. Water is crucial to seed germination. The seed must go through imbibition to
activate root growth. However, too much water can be a bad thing, as most gardeners know. When a
plant is still growing underground, during root formation, it cannot use the sun to make food like most
grown plants do. It must rely on the stored food inside the seed, and oxygen from the environment to
make energy. If the soil is too soggy, there will not be enough oxygen and the plant will not thrive.

LAB No4

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LAB No4

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LAB No.

Title: Germination Rate

Table showing results for germination rate using Ash

Graph Showing Germination Rate using Compost

Graph Showing Germination Rate using Ash & Top soil

Graph Showing Germination Rate using Ash

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