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This is to certify that Ankit Singhal, Anshul Sharma, Arun Bohra, Manjeet Dadwal, Manoj Shivhare
Students of final year of Electrical & ElectronicsHas Worked on ³REMOTE CONTROLLED FAN
REGULATOR´ In VII semester of them

All of them have presented a seminar on Project they made.

And this report is approved for submission.

Kota

Date : Head of Department

Ajay Sharma

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We take this opportunity to express my deep sense of gratitude and profound respect to all
those who have guided and inspired us for the project work.

First and foremost, we extend my deep gratitude to my project guides Mr.Ajay Sharma
(Electrical and Electronics Department) and MrPrakashBahrani (Electronics and
Communiction) for their guidance, timely advice and support rendered during all stages of
the project work.We express our whole hearted gratitude to them.

We express our thanks to Mr.Ajaysharma(Instructor, EEE) for his valuable assistance during
the course of this work.

We convey our thanks to our parents and friends who have directly or indirectly helped us in
the successful completion of the project.

Finally, we thank GOD for his blessings.

 



01. Abstract 03
02. Introduction 04
03. Block Diagram 06
04. Block Diagram Description 07
05. Circuit Diagram 16
06. Working of the Circuit 17
07. Component List 19
08. PCB Fabrication 20
09. Soldering 23
10. PCB Layout 24
11. Component View 25
12. Application 26
13. Advantages 27
14. Conclusion 28
15. Reference 29
 c"c

Remote controlled Fan Regulator is one of the applications of electronics to increase the
facilities of life. Fan is one of the unavoidable Electronic equipment in our day today life. It
has become essential element without which people can¶t lead a smooth life. The presence of
a fan in a house or office is not now considered as a luxury on the other hand it is included in
the basic requirement. The uses of new electronic theories have been put down by expertise
to increase the facilities given by the existing appliance. Here the facility of ordinary fan is
increased by the making it controlled by a remote.

In remote controlled fan regulator we can regulate the speed of the fan by using a remote.
Here the variation in the firing angle of triac is used for regulating the speed.

Any button on the remote can be used for controlling speed of the fan. Using this circuit, we
can change the speed of the fan from our couch or bed. This circuit is used for controlling the
speed of the fan in 5 levels. This innovation can be a success only if people are made aware
about its advantages and how user-friendly it is. The circuit can be used to regulate the
intensity of light. This innovation finds its use mainly to help old age people who don¶t want
to walk in order to control the speed of fan. It also finds its use of somebody wants to change
the speed while sleeping.
 (
(

A circuit that allows total control over your equipments without having to move around is a
revolutionary concept. Total control over the speed of the fan is a boon to many. This product
brings to you this very concept.

Remote control facilitates the operation of fan regulators around the home or office from a
distance. It provides a system that is simple to understand and also to operate, a system that
would be cheap and affordable, a reliable and easy to maintain system of remote control and
durable system irrespective of usage. It adds more comfort to everyday living by removing
the inconvenience of having to move around to operate a fan regulator. The system seeks to
develop a system that is cost effective while not undermining theneedfor efficient working.

The first remote control, called ³lazy bones´ was developed in 1950 by Zenith Electronics
Corporation (then known as Zenith Radio Corporation). The device was developed quickly,
and it was called ³Zenith space command´, the remote went into production in the fall of
1956, becoming the first practical wireless remote control device. Today, remote control is a
standard on electronic products, including VCRs, cable and satellite boxes, digital video disc
players and home audio players. In the year 2000, more than 99 percent of all TV set and 100
percent of all VCR and DVD players sold are equipped with remote controls. The average
individual these days probably picks up a remote control at least once or twice a day.

Basically, a remote control works in the following manner. A button is pressed. This
completes a specific connection which produces a Morse code line signal specific to that
button. The transistor amplifies the signal and sends it to the LED which translates the signal
into infrared light. The sensor on the appliance detects the infrared light and reacts
appropriately.

The remote control¶s function is to wait for the user to press a key and then translate that into
infrared light signals that are received by the receiving appliance. The carrier frequency of
such infrared signals is typically around 36kHz.
The aim of this work is to design and construct a remote control for a fan regulator. The
remote control device sends an infra-red beam, which is received by the infra-red sensor on
the regulator and the speed of the fan is increased.

One of the primary objectives of an engineer is to endeavor to deliver the best product or the
most efficient services at the lowest cost to the end user. The system was found to meet the
expected results.
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(#4 

Infrared receiver module is used for receiving the signals transmitted by the remote control.

Here, TSOP 1738 is used as infrared receiver Module. It is capable of receiving signals up to
38 KHz.
 & 4

A multivibrator is an electronic circuit used to implement a variety of simple two-state

systems such as oscillators, timers and flip-flops. A monostablemultivibrator, as its name
indicates, has a stable state and a quasi-stable state. An external trigger must be applied to
change from the stable state to the quasi-stable state.

Here,two NE 555 ICsare wired as monostablemultivibrators. The trigger to the first

multivibrator is the signals from the infrared receiver module. This multivibrator is used to
delay the clock pulse of the decade counter. The second multivibrator is triggered by the
optocoupler.
# 

In digital logic and computing, a counter is a device which stores (and sometimes displays)
the number of times a particular event or process has occurred, often in relationship to a clock
signal. Decade counter is a counter that counts through 10 states. It is also known as a mod-
10 counter.

Here, CD 4017 is used as decade counter. Here actually ten outputs are there from which five
are used (Q0 to Q4), Q5 is not used and Q6 is used to reset. The output of
monostablemultivibrator(IC1) is used to delay the clock pulse of the decade counter.
&

A transformer is a device that transfers electrical energy from one circuit to another through
inductively coupled conductors ² the transformer's coils or "windings". Transformer is used
here to step down the supply voltage to a level suitable for the low voltage components.

The transformer used here is a 230/(12V-0-12V) step down transformer.

! #

A voltage regulator is an electrical regulator designed to automatically maintain a constant

voltage level.

IC 7809 is used here. It is a 9V regulator.It regulates the rectified 12V to 9V. This 9V is
supplied to the whole circuit.
 

An Opto coupler is used to transmit either analog or digital information from one voltage
potential to another while maintaining isolation of potentials. It is used for low voltages.

MCT2E is the optocoupler used here. MCT2E is NPN silicon planar phototransistor optically
coupled to a gallium arsenide infrared emitting diode. It is used to trigger the
monostablemultivibrator(IC3).
 (&

An Opto isolator is used to transmit either analog or digital information from one voltage
potential to another while maintaining isolation of the potentials. Its operating voltage is
higher than that of an Opto coupler.

Here, MOC3021 is used as opto isolator. It is used to drive the Triac BT136.
# " +:;

A TRIAC, or TRIode for Alternating Current is an electronic component approximately

equivalent to two silicon-controlled rectifiers (SCRs/thyristors) joined in inverse parallel
(paralleled but with the polarity reversed) and with their gates connected together. The formal
name for a TRIAC is bidirectional triode thyristor. This results in a bidirectional electronic
switch which can conduct current in either direction when it is triggered (turned on) and thus
doesn't have any polarity. It can be triggered by either a positive or a negative voltage being
applied to its =
 electrode (with respect to A1, otherwise known as MT1). Once triggered,
the device continues to conduct until the current through it drops below a certain threshold
value, the holding current, such as at the end of a half-cycle of alternating current (AC) mains
power. In addition, applying a trigger pulse at a controllable point in an AC cycle allows one
to control the percentage of current that flows through the TRIAC to the load (phase control).

The triac used here is BT136. It is thyristor with a firing angle nearly 45o. A snubber circuit
consisting of a resistor and capacitor is used to control the firing angle of Triac. This firing
angle determines the speed of the fan.
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The 230 V from AC mains is stepped down to 12V and Regulated by IC7809, capacitor and
Diodes to 9V. This filtered 9V is used for providing supply to the entire circuit. Any button
of remote control can be used to control the speed of the fan. The remote control produces
infrared rays which is received by the TSOP infrared receives module. The TSOP used here
is TSOP 1738. It is capable for receiving signals up to 38 KHZ. The infrared rays are
received by the TSOP sensor and its output is given as a trigger to the first
monostablemultivibrator NE 555 through a LED and Resistor R4.

This NE555 which is wired as Monostablemultivibratoris used to delay the clock to decade
counter CD 4017. We can directly give the output of TSOP to decade counter, but while
doing so all the small pulse or noises may also act as clock to counter and counter starts
counting. The decade counter has ten outputs from Q0 to Q9. But here we are using only Q0
to Q4. Q5 is not used and Q6 is used to reset the counter. The output of decade counter is
taken through Resistors R5 to R9. The resistor R5 to R9 and capacitor C5 controls the pulse
width which is actually determining the speed of the fan. If the Q0 output is high the
capacitor C5is charged through R5,if Q1 is high capacitor C5 is charged through R6 and so
on,thereby controlling the speed of the fan accordingly. Here we are controlling the speed of
the fan in five levels that is why we are taking five outputs (A0 to Q4).

Another NE 555 is used here which is also wired as monostablemultivibrator. This

monostablemultivibratoris triggered by pulses from opto coupler MCT2E. It is wired as Zero
crossing detector. The output from decade counter is given to NE555 and this is given to the
transistor BC548.It is given to the Opto isolator MOC 3021. It is used for driving the Triac
BT136. Triac is a type of thyristor. Here the resistor R13 (470hm) and capacitor C7 (0.01µF)
combination is used as snubber network for the Triac.

The Resistors R5 to R9 and capacitor C5 are used to control the pulse width. When Q0
output is high the pulse width is maximum, when Q1 output is high pulse width is decreased
slightly. As the pulse width decreases firing angle of the triac increases and speed of the fan
also increases. By using remote control we are actually controlling pulse width, which in turn
varies the firing angle of triac, and there by varying the speed of the fan.



 (

1. IR Receiver Module - TSOP 1738

2.IC NE555
3.Opto Coupler - IC MCT2E
4.Opto Isolator - IC MOC 3021
5.Voltage Regulator - IC 7809
6.Decade Counter - IC CD4017
7. Transformer± 230/(12V -0-12V)
8. Light Emitting Diode
9. Diodes - IN4148, IN 4007
10. Transistor - BC548
11. Triac - BT136
12.Resistors - 1K, 100K, 330ȍ, 47K ȍ, 33K, 27K, 20K,
12K, 3.3K, 470 ȍ, 5.6 K, 10 K, 47 ȍ
13.Capacitors - 0.01 µF /400V, 4.7 µF /16V, 10 µF /16V,
1 µF /16V, 0.22µF, 470 µ /50V
14.Zener Diode - 5.1V

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Printed Circuit Boards play a vital role here in determining the overall performance of the
electronic equipment.A good PCB design ensures that the noise introduced as a result of
component placement and track layout is held within limits while still providing components
years of assembly maintenance and performance reliability.

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Printed circuits boards are used to route electric signals through copper track which are
firmly bonded to an insulating base.

Advantages of PCB over common wiring are:

1.‘ PCB¶s are necessary for connecting a large number of electronic components in a
very small area with minimum parasitic effects.
2.‘ PCB¶s are simulated with mass production with less chance of writing error.
3.‘ Small components are easily mounted.
4.‘ Servicing in simplified.

The base materials used for PCB¶s are glass epoxy, epoxy paper, polyester etc.Copper foil
used for copper clad is manufactured by the process of electronic deposition.
The properties of copper foil are:

‘ Thickness««««««35ȝ meter
‘ Thickness tolerance««+5 ȝ meter
‘ Purity of Copper«««99.8%
‘ Resistivity at 20oC««.0.1594


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In a single sided PCB the conductor tracks run only on one side of copper clad board. Thus
crossing of conductors is not allowed. Base materials are selected according to application. It
is mechanically and chemically cleansed. The photo resist is an organic solution which when
exposed to light of proper wavelength, changes their solubility in developer but after
exposure to light is not soluble. Laminate coating of photo resist is done by

(i)‘ Spray coating

(ii)‘ Dip coating
(iii)‘ Roller coating.

The coated copper clad and laminated film negative is kept in intimate contact with each
other.

The assembly is exposed to UV light and is rinsed in the developer tank. Proper developer
has to be used for a particular photo resist and then the PCB is dyed in a tray. The dye reveals
the flux to be used for a particular photo resist. Then the PCB is dyed in a tray.
c6
The layout can be done either by hand or by using PCB designing software like ORCAD or
PROTEL.

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The required circuit is designed and the layout of the circuit is done on the component side as
well as the copper clad side. Spaces are provided for holes to insert the respective
components. Etch resistant ink coatings are given on the interconnecting marks.

2(

The copper clad PCB is etched with ferrous chloride solution containing a small amount of
Hydro Chloric Acid for increasing activeness of Ferric Chloride in etching. Wherever the
varnish coating is there the copper remains. Then it is washed with water and Oxalic Acid.

((

The required holes of suitable size are drilled using twist drill. Now the Printed Circuit
Board(PCB) is complete and ready for soldering.
(

Soldering is the process of joining of two metals using an alloy solder consisting of Tin and
Lead (Sn-Pb). Tin determines the melting whereas the Lead is used to reduce the cost. After
the PCB fabrication is done, the various components are arranged at proper locations on the
PCB and then the soldering is done.All liquids consist of particles which attract each other.
The surface is always trying to shrink and this is because of surface tension. The principle
behind soldering is that when liquid particles are brought in contact with the walls of the solid
surface, it may happen that the solid attracts the liquid surface. This property is called
adhesive property. Care must be taken that the melting point of solder is below that of the
metal so that its surface is melted without melting without the metal.

  >

During the soldering process the flux acts as a medium for improving the degree of melting.
The basic functions of flux are mentioned below:

1.‘ Removes oxide from the surface.

2.‘ Assists the transfer of heat from the source to the joining and provides a liquid cover
including air gap.
3.‘ Removal of residue after the completion of the soldering operation.

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‘ Remote controlled Fan Regulator is used to control the speed of fan from our bed or
couch.

‘ The same circuit finds its use to control the Intensity of light at various levels.

‘ This circuit also finds it use for switching ON and OFF any electronic circuit.
c5c
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‘ This circuit is simple to use and efficient.

‘ It can be assembled with ease.

‘ It is cheap and hence very economic.

‘ It is small in size.

(

With the knowledge of new techniques in Electronics¶ we are able to make our life more
comfortable. One such application of electronics is used in ³REMOTE CONTROLLED FAN
REGULATOR´.

The same circuit finds its use in many more applications. By this the intensity of light can be
controlled using a remote. The intensity of light can be controlled in five levels from off
position to maximum intensity possible. So it finds use as a night lamp by keeping the
intensity of lamp in low level.

The circuit also finds its use for switching ON and OFF any electronic circuitry. Our normal
T.V remote can be used for all these purposes. So it is very useful or a real help to old age
and sick people, since they can control the speed from the place where they are sitting.

We feel that our product serves something good to this world and we like to present it before
this prosperous world.
 


‘ www.electronicsforyou.com

‘ www.howstuffworks.com

‘ www.wikipedia.org

‘ Electronics for You Magazine

‘ Electronic Devices and Circuits ± J. B.Gupta

‘ Linear Integrated circuits ± Gaykwad