Tugas Mandiri 2

Tugas Report 2

CAPASITOR

OLEH:

M RIZKI ABDILLAH

1907220088

Hari/Tanggal : JUMAT, 10 april 2020

PROGRAM STUDI TEKNIK ELEKTRO

FAKULTAS TEKNIK

UMSU

2020
 FOREWORD

All praise and gratitude I say to God Almighty, because of His blessings and Grace so that I
can complete the assignment of a paper that discusses "CAPASITOR" smoothly. I composed
this paper to fulfill the assignment of Engineering English.

In making this paper, I thank all parties who have provided guidance for the work of this
paper so that it can be completed well and runs smoothly. As for this paper, I made it based
on available information.

I also realize that this paper assignments are still lacking, therefore I apologize if there are
errors in writing and I also expect criticism and suggestions that build the perfection of this
paper assignments. Finally, I say thank you, hopefully it can be useful and can increase
knowledge for readers .

MEDAN, 10 APRIL 2020

AUTHOR
 CHAPTER 1

PRELIMINARY

A. Background
Technology at this time experienced very significant progress so that it had
much influence on various fields, especially health. Every medical device is able to
detect and assist paramedics in overcoming various diseases. Each medical device is
supported by components that complete the function of other components.
One component that is needed is the capacitor. This component plays
an important role in an electrical circuit. Capacitors function as is to filter or filter the
voltage that enters the circuit. In the world of electronics, it certainly cannot be
separated from the thing called capacitors. This component is very important in the
world of electronics itself.
In installation there are various types of circuits and each other can be
combined. An example that we often see is on a keyboard that is a capacitor with a
parallel plate. In addition, many capacitors are found in other electronics. In the
experiments that will be carried out this time are capacitors with parallel circuits and
how the dielectric coats the plates of the capacitors.
This of course will be related to the capacitance value contained in the circuit
as well as the voltage generated. Therefore we will conduct experiments on it.

B. Problem Formulation
• What is a capacitor?
• What is the function of the capacitor
• What are the types of capacitors?
• What are the uses of capacitors?
• What are the types of capacitors?

C. The purpose of the problem

• Define a capacitor.
• Mention the capacitor function.
• State the types of capacitors.
• Mention the use of capacitors.
• Explain the types of capacitors.
 CHAPTER II

DISCUSSION

1. Definition of Capacitors

Capacitors are devices that can store energy in an electric field, by collecting internal
imbalances from an electric charge. The capacitor has a unit called Farad, according to the
name of the inventor Micahel Farad (1 Farad = 9 x 1101). Condensers are also known as
"capacitors", but the word "condenser" is still used today. First mentioned by Alessandro Volta,
an Italian expert in 1782 (from the Italian condensatore), with regard to the ability of a tool to
store all power higher than other components. The structure of the capacitor is made of 2 metal
plates that are lifted by a dielectric material. Commonly known dielectric materials such as
vacuum air, ceramics, glass and others. If both ends of a metal plate are electrically charged, a
positive charge will accumulate on one of the metal legs (electrodes) and at the same time a
negative charge accumulates on the other end of the metal. The positive charge cannot go to
the negative pole tip and vice versa the negative charge cannot go to the positive pole tip,
because it is separated by a non-conductive dielectric material. Electric charge is stored as long
as there is no conduction at the engagement ends. In the wild, this phenomenon occurs when
capacitors accumulate positive and negative charges in the cloud. Capacitors or capacitors or
commonly called polar capacitors, identical to having two legs and two poles are positive and
negative and have an electrolyte liquid, usually tubular. While capacitors, which are only called
non-polar capacitors, have a lower capacitor value, have no positive or negative poles in the
participant, are flat and are green, red and brown. Much like a button or tablet.

2. Use of Capacitors

It has been explained above that the use of capacitors is to store electrical charges. In
some car ignition systems, for example, a capacitor (called a condenser) temporarily stores
the charge when the breaker points from the distributor are open. If there is no condenser, the
charge will jump far and damage points. In addition capacitors also function: 1. As a coupling
between a certain circuit with another circuit in the power supply 2. As a filter / filter in the
power supply circuit 3. The antenna functions as a wave / frequency generator 4. On neon
lights are for electric power saver 5. In the existing circuit there is a coil and there is a
disconnection / interruption of the current there will be an electric jump, well the capacitor is
the one who functions to prevent this electric jump 6. On the radio receiver the function is to
select the frequency / wave length selector to be captured.

3. Working Principle of Capacitors

The capacitor consists of 2 conductive plates separated by an insulating (dielectric)

foli. When the plate is in contact with the voltage, the negative plate will be filled with
electrons. If the voltage source is removed, the electrons are still stored on the capacitor plate
(there is storage of electrical charges).

Figure 2: Capacitor Work

If the two conductors containing an electric charge are connected, a current balancing
occurs, the lights turn on and then turn off.

4. Types of Capsules

Capacitors are divided into two, namely polar capacitors and non-polar capacitors.
Polar capacitors are capacitors that have 2 poles at both ends, namely the positive pole and
negative pole, this type of capacitor is made of electrolyte and tubular, and its capacitance
value is greater. Non-polar capacitors, ie capacitors that do not have poles at both ends, are
usually made of ceramic material and are shaped like buttons, the value of the capacitance is
smaller than the polar capacitors. Types of capacitors or capacitors can also be divided into
several sections, according to their uses namely:
 a. Permanent Conductor

Condenser which value is constant and does not change, the condenser remains
divided into 3 types: a. Ceramic Condenser Thin round shape, some are square, green or red,
or brown. This type of condenser can be reversed installation.

Figure 4: Ceramic Capacitors / Capacitors

Has a capacity ranging from several Farad piko up to hundreds of Kilopiko Farad
(KpF). With a maximum working voltage of 25 volts to 100 volts, but some are up to
thousands of volts. For example, the body is written = 203, the value of capacity = 20,000 pF
= 20 KpF = 0.02 μF. If written on the body = 502, the value of the capacity = 5,000 pF = 5
KpF = 0.005 μF

Figure 5: How to Read a Ceramic Condenser Capacity

 b. Polyester condenser

Basically the same as a ceramic condenser, as well as by calculating the value of its
capacity. The shape is like candy and has green, brown, and so on. Image result for polyester
condenser

Figure 6: polyester condenser

c. Paper Condenser

It has a capacitance value between 10 nF - 100 uF with a tolerance of approximately

5% with a max voltage of 900volt, has sufficient stability.

d. Electrolyte Condenser (Elco)

Condenser in the form of a tube, including a type of polar capacitor which has 2 poles
(+) (-). To mark both poles, positive poles are marked by long legs, while negative poles are
marked by short legs. The value of its capacity is from 0.47 uF to thousands of macroFarad
with voltages from several volts to thousands of volts. Electrolyte condensors can be damaged
if dry (capacity changes), explode due to incorrect positive and negative stresses and exceed
the maximum voltage given, and short circuit.

Figure 7: Electrolytic Capacitors / Capacitors

e. Non-permanent Condenser

This type of capacity can be changed, physically this condenser has a shaft that can be
rotated by using a screwdriver to change the value of its capacity.
 Figure 8: Variable Type Condense

5. Capacitor Measurement

Capacitors are measured in units called "farads" (symbolized by the symbol "F"). This
unit determines how many electrons a capacitor can store. 1 Farad states a very large number
of electrons. Capacitors are measured in units of "micro-farad" (mF) (micro-farads are one
millionth of a farad).

Besides being measured in farads, capacitors also have a maximum voltage rating that
they can handle. When replacing capacitors, do not use capacitors with lower voltage ratings.
There are three factors that determine the capacity of a capacitor:

· Area of plates that have conductivity

· The distance between the plates that have conductivity

· Material used as dielectric.

Charged capacitors can send their stored energy the same as batteries can (although it
is important to note that, unlike batteries, capacitors store electricity, but do not produce it).
When used to conduct current even in small amounts, capacitors have the potential to store
voltage for several weeks.
 CHAPTER III
CLOSING

1. Conclusions
The conclusion is that the capacitor / condenser functions as a store of electric charge.
The structure of the capacitor consists of 2 metal plates separated by a dielectric material. The
unit of capacitor (C) is Farad.
Capacitors have 2 types, namely polar capacitors and non-polar capacitors. Capacitors
can be arranged in series or parallel, by calculating the total capacitance differently.
Capacity is the ability of a capacitor to hold an electron charge. The value of the
capacitor capacity can be determined in two ways: directly in the form of numbers printed on
the body of the capacitor, as well as by color identification.

2. Suggestions
Capacitors are an improvement in power factor. So that the installation of capacitors
can be held on every consumer, both buildings, and industry. This is because it prevents
excessive power losses, and reduces damage caused by electricity by electrical devices.
 REFERENCES

Caterpillar Asia Pacific Learning . versi 3,2 2013. Buku Panduan Siswa (Modul Pengenalan) : Fundamental
Electric.

Jayadin Ahmad. 2007. Ilmu Elektronika : ELDAS

http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kondensator

http://xtop-gear.com/general/prinsip-kerja-kondensator/

http://dien-elcom.blogspot.com/2012/09/mengindentifikasi-dan-membaca-nilai.html