ENGR. JOVETTE A.

PECAYO
INSTRUCTOR
 THE THREE STEP RULE
VS
DIFFERENTIATION FORMULA OF
ALGEBRAIC FUNCTION
ENGR. JOVETTE A. PECAYO
INSTRUCTOR
 THE THREE STEP RULE

• Based on the definition of derivative

′
𝒇 𝒙 + ∆𝒙 − 𝒇(𝒙)
𝐲 = 𝐥𝐢𝐦
𝒙→𝟎 ∆𝒙
 THE THREE STEP RULE

𝑓 𝑥 + ∆𝑥 − 𝑓(𝑥) Evaluate the limit as ∆𝑥 → 0

′
𝒇 𝒙 + ∆𝒙 − 𝒇(𝒙)
𝒚 = 𝒍𝒊𝒎
Divide last equation by ∆𝑥: 𝒙→𝟎 ∆𝒙
𝒇 𝒙 + ∆𝒙 − 𝒇(𝒙)
∆𝒙
Example No. 1
2 ′
𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 − 3𝑥, find the first derivative 𝑓 𝑥 using the
three step rule and basic rule of derivative.
SOLUTION NO. 1

THREE STEP RULE

𝒇 𝒙 = 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟑𝒙
𝑓 𝑥 + ∆𝑥 − 𝑓(𝑥) (𝑥 + ∆𝑥)2 −3 𝑥 + ∆𝑥 − (𝑥 2 −3𝑥)
= 𝒙𝟐 +𝟐𝒙∆𝒙 + ∆𝒙𝟐 − 𝟑𝒙 − 𝟑∆𝒙 − 𝒙𝟐
+ 𝟑𝒙
= 𝒙𝟐 +𝟐𝒙∆𝒙 + ∆𝒙𝟐 − 𝟑𝒙 − 𝟑∆𝒙 − 𝒙𝟐
+ 𝟑𝒙
= 𝟐𝒙∆𝒙 + ∆𝒙𝟐 − 𝟑∆𝒙
SOLUTION NO. 1

THREE STEP RULE

𝑓 𝑥 + ∆𝑥 − 𝑓(𝑥) =
𝟐𝒙∆𝒙+∆𝒙𝟐 −𝟑∆𝒙
∆𝒙
∆𝑥 ∆𝒙(𝟐𝒙+∆𝒙−𝟑)
=
∆𝒙

= 𝟐𝒙 + ∆𝒙 − 𝟑
SOLUTION NO. 1

THREE STEP RULE

′
𝒇 𝒙 + ∆𝒙 − 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝟐𝒙 + ∆𝒙 − 𝟑
𝒚 = 𝒍𝒊𝒎
𝒙→𝟎 ∆𝒙 Evaluate the limit as ∆𝑥 → 0
0
= 𝟐𝒙 + ∆𝒙 − 𝟑
𝒚′ = 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟑
 The Differentiation Formula

𝑑
𝐷1: 𝑐 = 0 ; 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑐 𝑖𝑠 𝑎𝑛𝑦 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡
𝑑𝑥
𝑑 𝑛 𝑛−1
𝐷2: 𝑥 = 𝑛𝑥
𝑑𝑥
𝑑 𝑑
𝐷3: 𝑐𝑥 𝑛 = 𝑐 𝑥 𝑛 = 𝑐 × 𝑛𝑥 𝑛−1
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
Solution No. 1

DIFFERENTIATION FORMULA OF ALGEBRAIC FUNCTION

𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 2 − 3𝑥
′ 𝑑 𝑑
𝑓 𝑥 = (𝑥 2 ) − 3 (x)
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑓 ′ 𝑥 = 2𝑥 2−1
− 3(1)
′
𝒇 𝒙 = 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟑
Example No. 2

5 1 4
𝑓 𝑥 =𝑥 + 𝑥 − 5𝑥 2 , find the first derivative
3
𝑓 ′ 𝑥 using the three step rule and basic rule of
derivative.
Solution No. 2

THREE STEP RULE

𝟏 𝟒
𝒇 𝒙 = 𝒙 + 𝒙 − 𝟓𝒙𝟐
𝟓
𝟑
𝑓 𝑥 + ∆𝑥 − 𝑓(𝑥) (𝑥 + 5
∆𝑥) +
1
3
𝑥 + ∆𝑥 4 −
2 𝟓 𝟏 𝟒
5 𝑥 + ∆𝑥 − (𝒙 + 𝒙 − 𝟓𝒙𝟐 )
𝟑
Using Pascal’s Triangle:

𝟏
𝒙𝟓 + 𝟓𝒙𝟒 ∆𝒙 + 𝟏𝟎𝒙𝟑 ∆𝒙𝟐 +10𝒙𝟐 ∆𝒙𝟑 + 𝟓𝒙∆𝒙𝟒 + ∆𝒙𝟓 + (𝒙𝟒 + 𝟒𝒙𝟑 ∆𝒙 +
𝟑
𝟏 𝟒
𝟔𝒙𝟐 ∆𝒙𝟐 +𝟒𝒙∆𝒙𝟑 +∆𝒙𝟒 ) −𝟓(𝒙𝟐 +𝟐𝒙∆𝒙 + ∆𝒙𝟐 )-𝒙𝟓 − 𝒙 + 𝟓𝒙𝟐 )
𝟑
PASCAL’S TYRIANGLE
Solution No. 2

THREE STEP RULE

𝟏 𝟒
𝒙𝟓 + 𝟓𝒙𝟒 ∆𝒙 + 𝟏𝟎𝒙𝟑 ∆𝒙𝟐 +10𝒙𝟐 ∆𝒙𝟑 + 𝟓𝒙∆𝒙𝟒 + ∆𝒙𝟓 + 𝒙 +
𝟑
𝟒 𝟑 𝟒
𝒙 ∆𝒙 + 𝟐𝒙𝟐 ∆𝒙𝟐 + 𝒙∆𝒙𝟑 +∆𝒙𝟒 − 𝟓𝒙𝟐 − 𝟏𝟎𝒙∆𝒙 − 𝟓∆𝒙 -𝒙 − 𝟐 𝟓
𝟑 𝟑
𝟏 𝟒
𝒙 + 𝟓𝒙𝟐 )
𝟑
Solution No. 2

THREE STEP RULE

𝑓 𝑥 + ∆𝑥 − 𝑓(𝑥)
∆𝑥
𝟒 𝟑 𝟐 𝟐 𝟑 𝟒 𝟓 𝟒 𝟑
=𝟓𝒙 ∆𝒙 + 𝟏𝟎𝒙 ∆𝒙 +10𝒙 ∆𝒙 + 𝟓𝒙∆𝒙 + ∆𝒙 + 𝒙 ∆𝒙 +
𝟑
𝟒
𝟐𝒙 ∆𝒙 + 𝒙∆𝒙𝟑 +∆𝒙𝟒
𝟐 𝟐 − 𝟏𝟎𝒙∆𝒙 − 𝟓∆𝒙𝟐
𝟑
𝟒 𝟒
∆𝑥(𝟓𝒙𝟒 +𝟏𝟎𝒙𝟑 ∆x+10𝒙𝟐 ∆𝒙𝟐 +𝟓𝒙∆𝒙𝟑 +∆𝒙𝟒 + 𝒙𝟑 +𝟐𝒙𝟐 ∆x+ 𝒙∆𝒙𝟐 +∆𝒙𝟑 −𝟏𝟎𝒙−𝟓∆x )
𝟑 𝟑
= 𝟒 ∆𝑥 𝟒
= 𝟓𝒙𝟒 + 𝟏𝟎𝒙𝟑 ∆x+10𝒙𝟐 ∆𝒙𝟐 + 𝟓𝒙∆𝒙𝟑 + ∆𝒙𝟒 + 𝒙𝟑 + 𝟐𝒙𝟐 ∆x+ 𝒙∆𝒙𝟐 +∆𝒙𝟑 − 𝟏𝟎𝒙 − 𝟓∆x
𝟑 𝟑
Solution No. 2

THREE STEP RULE

0
′
𝒇 𝒙 + ∆𝒙 − 𝒇(𝒙) 0 0 0 𝟒
𝟓𝒙𝟒 + 𝟏𝟎𝒙𝟑 ∆x+10𝒙𝟐 ∆𝒙𝟐 + 𝟓𝒙∆𝒙𝟑 + ∆𝒙𝟒 + 𝒙𝟑
𝒚 = 𝒍𝒊𝒎 0 0 0𝟒 0
𝟑
𝒙→𝟎 ∆𝒙 + 𝟐𝒙𝟐 ∆x+ 𝒙∆𝒙𝟐 +∆𝒙𝟑 − 𝟏𝟎𝒙 − 𝟓∆x
𝟑

′ 𝟒 𝟒 𝟑
Answer: 𝒚 = 𝟓𝒙 + 𝒙 −𝟏𝟎𝒙
𝟑
Solution No. 2
DIFFERENTIATION FORMULA OF ALGEBRAIC FUNCTION

𝟏 𝟒
𝒇 𝒙 = 𝒙𝟓+ 𝒙 − 𝟓𝒙𝟐
𝟑
′
𝒅 𝟓 𝟏 𝒅 𝟒 𝒅 𝟐
𝒇 𝒙 = (𝒙 ) + (𝒙 ) − 𝟓 (𝒙 )
𝒅𝒙 𝟑 𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒙
′ 𝟓−𝟏
𝟏
𝒇 𝒙 = 𝟓𝒙 + × 𝟒𝒙𝟒−𝟏 − 𝟓 × 𝟐𝒙𝟐−𝟏
𝟑
Answer
𝟒 𝟑
𝒇′ 𝒙 = 𝟓𝒙𝟒 + 𝒙 − 𝟏𝟎𝒙
𝟑