PETROLEUM TRAINING INSTITUTE, EFFURUN

DEPARTMENT OF GENERAL STUDIES

Examination: First Semester, 2012/2013 Session
Course Code: STA 111
Course Title: Introduction to Statistics
Programmes: NDI Science and Engineering
Time: 2Hours 30 Minutes
Examiners: Bwala, S. A./Ajibade, B. F.
Instruction: Answer Any Four (4) Questions. Four figure tables are not allowed.

1. A contractor engaged in building part of a sewer tunnel claimed that the rock was harder
than described in his contract with a State in Nigeria and thus more work was required to
construct the tunnel than anticipated. An independent company made tests to verify the
contractor’s claim. Among these were uniaxial compressive strengths, of which 123 specimens
are listed here, in meganewtons per square meter.
2.40, 22.08, 16.80, 4.80, 21.36, 9.12, 9.36, 3.60, 15.36, 15.60, 6.24, 9.84, 16.08, 3.00, 20.40, 12.96,
19.20, 10.32, 15.84, 6.24, 4.08, 4.80, 7.20, 8.88, 14.40, 14.88, 5.76, 18.72, 12.48, 11.04, 8.64, 19.20,
8.16, 18.96, 8.64, 12.00, 14.88, 17.52, 12.48, 13.44, 9.36, 11.28, 8.88, 15.12, 9.36, 17.28, 26.40,
4.32, 11.28, 7.92, 13.92, 11.76, 9.60, 8.40, 9.84, 27.60, 6.00, 14.40, 8.88, 17.04, 12.48, 9.84, 10.80,
12.24, 12.00, 13.20, 11.28, 11.76, 11.76, 8.00, 9.36, 15.12, 11.52, 16.08, 10.80, 14.64, 8.40, 13.44,
10.56, 9.12, 13.44, 12.72, 13.68, 11.28, 5.52, 11.04, 12.00, 7.20, 8.64, 11.76, 8.64, 7.68, 7.68, 13.92,
6.48, 7.20, 7.92, 9.60, 8.64, 9.12, 12.96, 9.36, 14.64, 9.12, 8.88, 20.40, 17.28, 8.64, 11.76, 7.92,
7.68, 11.04, 12.48, 14.40, 9.84, 9.12, 8.40, 12.00, 4.80, 12.72, 9.60, 8.64, 9.84.
(a) Group the data above into a frequency distribution using the Sturge’s rule.
(b) Using the grouped frequency distribution in (a) above, compute: (i) the mean
(ii) the median (iii) the mode

2. Using the grouped frequency distribution in (1a), calculate:

(a) the standard deviation using the coding method
(b) the geometric mean
(c) the mean deviation
(d) the Harmonic mean

3. (a) Define and give two examples each of events that are: (i) mutually exclusive
(ii) not mutually exclusive (iii) independent (iv) dependent
(b) A vehicle contains two engines, a main engine and a backup. The engine component fails
only if both engines fail. The probability that the main engine fails is 0.05 and the
probability that the backup fail is 0.10. The main and backup engines function
independently. What is the probability that
(i) the engine component will fail (ii) both engines will function
(iii) at least one engine will fail (iv) at least one engine will function
(c) A system contains two components C and D. The system will function if either C or D
functions or both. The probability that C functions is 0.9 and the probability that D
functions is 0.85. What is the probability that:
(i) the system will function (jj) neither of the components will function
(iii) both C and D will function
4. (a) What does the correlation coefficient measure?
(b) Water quality measurements are taken daily on the Igbokodo river. The concentrations of
chlorides and phosphates in solution, given below in milligrams per litre, are determined
over a 12-day period.
Chloride 64 66 62 65 67 63 68 69 64 66 67 63
Phosphat 1.31 1.39 1.59 1.68 1.89 1.32 1.99 1.81 1.68 1.92 1.93 1.97
e
Calculate (i) Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient between Chloride and Phosphate
(ii) Product Moment correlation coefficient between Chloride and Phosphate and
comment on your results.

5. (a) What is regression analysis?

(b) State the model of a simple linear regression line
(c) In a Study of the relationship between oxygen content (x) and ultimate testing strength (y)
of welds, the data presented in the following table were obtained for 15 welds. The oxygen
content is measured in parts per thousand and strength is measured in ksi.
Oxygen 1.08 1.19 1.57 1.72 1.80 1.65 1.50 1.60 1.20 1.80 1.16 1.32 1.61 1.70 1.69
Strength 63.0 76.0 66.3 79.7 72.3 78.4 72.0 83.2 71.9 87.2 68.0 79.7 71.0 81.0 68.7
(i) Determine the regression line using the least squares method.
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(ii) Estimate the strength of weld ( Y ) for each oxygen content

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(d) Estimate the strength of weld ( Y ) when: (i) X = 2.0 (ii) X = 2.7 (iii) X = 0.8

6. The table below shows the distribution of marks scored by students in STA 111 examination
in a particular Department in Petroleum Training Institute, Effurun.
Marks 0–9 10 – 19 20 – 29 30 – 39 40 – 49 50 – 59 60 – 69 70 – 79 80 – 89 90 – 99
Freq. 6 21 24 39 72 90 18 15 9 6
(a) Draw a cumulative frequency curve for the above distribution.
(b) Using your graph, estimate: (i) the median (ii) the 80th percentile
(iii) If the pass mark is 40%, how many candidates pass the examination?
(iv) Suppose it was decided that only 70% of the students will passed, what should be the
pass mark?
(c) Calculate the semi-interquartile range

………………GOODLUCK