KIMIA MODUL PEACE HALUS 2018

CHAPTER 3: CHEMICAL FORMULAE AND EQUATIONS

BAB 3: FORMULA DAN PERSAMAAN KIMIA

A. Anion OH- O-2 CO3-2 SO4-2 NO3- PO4-3 Cl- Br- I-

Kation
H+ H2CO3 H2SO4 HNO3 H3PO4 HCl HBr HI

Li+ LiOH Li2O Li2CO3 Li2SO4 LiNO3 Li PO4 LiCl LiBr LiI
Na+ NaOH Na2O Na2CO3 Na2SO4 NaNO3 Na PO4 NaCl NaBr NaI
K+ KOH K2O K2CO3 K2 SO4 KNO3 K PO4 KCl KBr KI
Mg2+ Mg(OH)2 MgO MgCO3 MgSO4 Mg(NO3)2 Mg3 (PO4)2 MgCl2 MgBr2 MgI2
Ca 2+ Ca(OH)2 CaO CaCO3 CaSO4 Ca(NO3)2 Ca 3(PO4)2 CaCl2 CaBr2 CaI2
Zn 2+ Zn(OH)2 ZnO ZnCO3 ZnSO4 Zn (NO3)2 Zn 3(PO4)2 ZnCl2 ZnBr2 ZnI2
Al 3+ Al(OH)3 Al2O3 Al2 (CO3)3 Al 2(SO4)3 Al(NO3)3 Al PO4 AlCl3 AlBr3 AlI3
Pb2+ Pb(OH)2 PbO PbCO3 Pb SO4 Pb(NO3)2 Pb3 (PO4)2 PbCl2 PbBr2 PbI2
Ag+ AgOH Ag2O Ag2CO3 Ag2SO4 AgNO3 Ag3 PO4 AgCl AgBr AgI
Cu2+ Cu(OH)2 CuO CuCO3 CuSO4 Cu(NO3)2 Cu3 (PO4)2 CuCl2 CuBr2 CuI2
Fe2+ FeOH2 FeO Fe2CO3 FeSO4 Fe(NO3)2 Fe 3(PO4)2 FeCl2 FeBr2 FeI2
Fe3+ FeOH3 FeO3 Fe (CO3)3 Fe(SO4)3 Fe(NO3)3 Fe (PO4)3 FeCl3 FeBr3 FeI3

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Compound/Sebatian Chemical formulae/

Formula kimia Chemical Compound/ Sebatian
a) Water/Air H2O Formulae/
b) Potassium Chloride/ NaCl formula
Natrium klorida kimia
c) Chlorine gas/ Gas Klorin Cl2 a) NaOH Sodium Hydroxide /Natrium Hidroksida
d) Magnesium Nitrate / MgNO3 b) KCl Potassium chloride/ Kalium Klorida
Magnesium nitrat c) CaSO4 Calsium Sulphate/ Kalsium Sulfat
e) Copper(II) Carbonate / CuCO3 d) O2 Oxygen/ Oksigen
Kuprum(II) karbonat e) Al(NO3)3 Aluminium Nitrate/ Aluminium Nitrat
f) Hydrochloric acid / HCl f) PbI2 Plumbum(II) nitrate/ Plumbum(II) Iodida
Asid hidroklorik g) MgO Magnesium oxide/Magnesium Oksida
g) Ammonium /Ammonia NH3 h) Cu(OH)2 Copper(II) Hydroxide/
h) Aluminium oxide/ Al2O3 Kuprum(II) hidroksida
Aluminium oksida i) Zn(NO3)2 Zinc Nitrate/ Zink Nitrat
i) Plumbum(II) hydroxide / Pb(OH)2 j) N2 Nitrogen/ Nitrogen
Plumbum(II) hidroksida k) Ag2SO4 Silver Sulphate/ Argentum Sulfat
j) Ammonium Sulphate / (NH4)2SO4 l) NaNO3 Potassium Nitrate/ Natrium Nitrat
Ammonia sulfit n) AlBr3 Aluminium Bromide/ Aluminium Bromida
k) Copper(II) Sulphate / CuSO4
Kuprum(II)sulfit
l) Aluminium nitrate/ Al(NO3)3
Aluminium nitrat
m) Magnesium chloride/ MgCl2
Magnesium klorida
n) Sulphur dioxide / sulfur SO2
dioksida
o) Chlorine /Klorin Cl2

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1.B 6.B 11.B 16.A 21.B

2.A 7.C 12.A 17.B 22.C
3.C 8.B 13.B 18.A 23.B
4.B 9.B 14.B 19.A 24.B
5.A 10.A 15.D 20.A 25.D

Structure/ struktur
1. (a) (i) ZnCl2 1
(ii) Zn(NO3)2 1 2
(b) (i) Silver nitrate and zinc chloride
argentum nitrat dan zink klorida 1
(ii) Silver chloride and zinc nitrate 1
argentum klorida dan zink nitrat
(iii) 2AgNO3 + ZnCl2 2AgCl + Zn(NO3)2 1 3
C (i) From the chemical equation, 1
Daripada persamaan tindak balas :

2 mol of AgNO3 produces 2 mol of Ag and 1 mol of O2

2 mol AgNO3 menghasilkan 2 mol Ag dan 1 mol O2
Hence,
Maka, 1 2
1 mol of AgNO3 will produce 1 mol of Ag and 0.5 mol of O2
1 mol AgNO3 akan menghasilkan 1 mol Ag dan 0.5 mol O2

(ii) No. of mol of AgNO3 1

18
Bilangan mol AgNO3 =
108  14  3(16 )

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18
=
180

=0.1 mol
From the chemical equation,
Daripada persamaan tindak balas, didapati :
1
2 mol of AgNO3 produces 2 mol of NO2
2 mol AgNO3 menghasilkan 2 mol NO2
Hence,
Maka,
0.1 mol of AgNO3 will produce 0.1 mol of NO2
0.1 mol AgNO3 akan menghasilkan 0.1 mol NO2

1 3

Volume of NO2
Isipadu NO2 = 0.1 x 24
= 2.4 dm3
2 a K: Copper/ kuprum 1
L: magnesium 1
b Metal K is less reactive, Metal L is more reactive 1
K logam yang kurang reaktif, L logam yang reaktif
c (i) Add hydrochloric acid to a conical flask containing zinc granules. 1
Tambahkan asid hidroklorik ke dalam kelalang kun yang mengandungi ketulan zink

flow the gas released through anhydrous calcium chloride 1

alirkan gas yang tebebas melalui kalsium klorida kontang
(ii) Zn + 2HCl  ZnCl2 + H2 1

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Element
L O
Unsur 1
Mass
33.31 – 32.28 = 1.03 33.99 – 33.31 = 0.68
Jisim/g
Number of mol
1.03 0.68
Bilangan = 0.043 = 0.043 1
24 16
mol/mol
Ratio of mol
Nisbah bilangan 1 1
mol 1
Empirical formula / Formula empirik LO 1

E Heating, cooling and weighing are repeated until a constant mass is obtainedProses pemanasan, 1 10
penyejukan dan penimbangan diulangi sehingga mendapat jisim yang tetap

3 A Chemical formula that shows the simplest ratio of number of atom for each element in the 1
compound/ molecule.
Formula kimia yang menunjukkan nisbah teringkas bilangan atom bagi setiap unsur yang
terdapat dalam suatu sebatian/molekul
b To remove air (oxygen) in combustion tube 1
Menyingkirkan udara (oksigen) dalam tiub pembakaran
c copper(II) oxide // [ any suitable metal oxide] 1
kuprum(II) oksida // [sebarang oksida logam yang sesuai]
d

Element
X O
Unsur

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Mass 170.30 – 157.50 = 1

173.50 – 173.30 = 0.20
Jisim/g 12.80
Number of mole 1
12 .80 3.20
Bilangan = 0.2 = 0.20
64 16
mol/mol
Ratio of mole
Nisbah bilangan 1 1
mol
1
Empirical formula / Formula empirik XO

e (i) XO + H2 X + H2O 1
2.4
(ii) No of mol / Bil. mol oksida X = // 0.03 mol
64  16
1
0.03 mol of X oxide produces 0.03 mol of X
0.03 mol oksida X menghasilkan 0.03 mol X

Mass of X / Jisim X = 0.03 x 64 1

= 1.92 g 1 10

4 a Reactants : Na2SO4 // sodium sulphate and BaCl2 // barium chloride 1

Products : BaSO4 // barium sulphate and sodium chloride // NaCl 1
b Na2SO4 + BaCl2 → BaSO4 + 2NaCl 1
c 4.16 1
(i) Number of mole of BaCl2 =
137  2(35 .5)

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= 0.02 mol 1
Number of mole of Na2SO4 = Number of mole of BaCl2
= 0.02 mol

(ii)Number of mole of BaSO4 / Bil mol BaSO4 = Number of mole of Na2SO4 / Bil mol 1
Na2SO4
= 1 mol
1
Mass of BaSO4 / Jisim BaSO4 = 1 × [ 137 + 32 + 4(16) ]
= 233 g
d
Element Fe Cl 1
Number of mole 34 .5 65 .5
= 0.62 = 1.85
/mol 56 35 .5
1
0.62 1.85
Ratio of mole =1 =3
0.62 0.62 1 10
Empirical formula is FeCl3

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