james (jaj4329) – HW 09.

4 – rusin – (52435)
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001 10.0 points
A population of protozoa develops with a
constant relative growth rate of 0.6753 per
member per day. On day zero the population
consists of 8 members.
Find the population size after 6 days.
1. P = 460 correct
1
P (2) = 20 · 22 = 1280
003 10.0 points
A flea collar for dogs contains an active
ingredient that evaporates at a rate propor-
tional to the amount still present. Half of the
ingredient evaporates in the first 13 days af-
ter the collar is removed from the protective
packaging.
If the collar becomes ineffective after 60%
of the active ingredient has evaporated, how
many days does the collar remain effective?

2. P = 445 1. Days effective = 15.19

3. P = 418 2. Days effective = 17.19 correct

4. P = 454
3. Days effective = 14.19
5. P = 463
Explanation: 4. Days effective = 18.19
1 dP
The relative growth rate is = 0.6753,
P dt
dP 5. Days effective = 16.19
so = 0.6753P and, by Theorem 2, P (t) =
dt
P (0)e0.6753t = 2e0.6753t . Explanation:
Thus, P (6) = 2e0.6753(6) = 460 members. If A = A(t) is the amount of the active
ingredient after t days, then
002 10.0 points dA
A common inhabitant of human intestines is = −kA
dt
the bacterium Escherichiacoli. A cell of this
bacterium in a nutrient-broth medium divides where k is a positive constant. This is a sep-
into two cells every 20 minutes, and its initial arable variables equation, so after separating
population is 20 cells. variables and integrating we see that
Find the number of cells after 2 hours.
A(t) = e−kt+C = Be−kt
1. P = 1236
with B an arbitrary constant. Thus, when A0
is the amount of the active ingredient present
2. P = 1218
as the protective package is opened, i.e., at
t = 0, we see that
3. P = 1245
A(t) = A0 e−kt .
4. P = 1272
The value of k is determined by the evapora-
tion condition
5. P = 1280 correct
1
Explanation: A(13) = A0 = A0 e−k13 .
2
 james (jaj4329) – HW 09.4 – rusin – (52435) 2
Thus k = (ln 2)/13, and so
ln 2
005 (part 2 of 3) 10.0 points
A(t) = A0 e− 13 t .
Solve the differential equation in part 1.
The flea collar becomes ineffective when  P 
 60  1. A(t) = 125 + + 125 e0.04t
A(t) = 1 − A0 1000
100
 P 
which occurs when 2. A(t) = 125+ −125 e0.04t correct
1000
 60  ln 2
1− A0 = A0 e− 13 t .  P  0.04t
100 3. A(t) = 125 + 125 − e
1000
Solving for t we find that  P 
4. A(t) = − 125 e0.04t
days effective = 17.19. 1000
 P 
5. A(t) = 1.25 + − 1.25 e0.04t
004 (part 1 of 3) 10.0 points 1000

An initial deposit of $P is made into an Explanation:

account that earns 4% interest compounded After rewriting the differential equation in
continuously. Money is then withdrawn at a part 1 as
constant rate of $5000 per year. dA
− 0.04A = −5,
Set up the differential equation for the dt
amount A = A(t) (in thousands of dollars)
it can be solved by using the integrating factor
in the account after t years.
R
dA µ(t) = e− 0.04dt = e−0.04t .
1. = A−5
dt
In this case
dA
2. = 4A − 5 dA
dt e−0.04t − 0.04Ae−0.04t
dt
dA d  −0.04t 
3. = 0.04A + 5 = Ae = −5e−0.04t ,
dt dt
dA so
4. = 0.04A − 5 correct
dt  
dA A(t) = e0.04t C + 125e−0.04t
5. = 4A + 5
dt = Ce0.04t + 125.
Explanation:
The interest earned by the account will in- with C an arbitrary constant. The initial
crease the balance at a rate of 0.04A while the deposit determines C since
constant withdrawals of $5000 will reduce the P P
balance at a constant rate 5, the account bal- A(0) = =⇒ C = − 125.
ance A(t), expressed in thousands of dollars, 1000 1000
will satisfy the equation Thus

dA  P 
= 0.04A − 5. A(t) = 125 + − 125 e0.04t .
dt 1000
 james (jaj4329) – HW 09.4 – rusin – (52435) 3

006 (part 3 of 3) 10.0 points 4. population size ≈ 1610

If the account balance becomes zero after

5. population size ≈ 1590
20 years, what was the amount of the initial
deposit $P ? (This value of P is often called Explanation:
the Present Value of the regular withdrawals The population size, N (t), satisfies the
$5000 over a period of n years.) equations
1. $75185 dN
= k(1900 − N ), N (0) = 500
dt
2. $73152 with k a constant. Thus

3. $71036 − ln(1900 − N ) = kt + C

which after exponentiation becomes

4. $68833 correct
N (t) = 1900 − Ae−kt
5. $66541 where A is an arbitrary constant. Now A is
determined by the initial condition on N (t)
Explanation: because
Since the balance becomes zero after 20
years, N (0) = 500 =⇒ A = 1400.
 P 
0 = 125 + − 125 e0.8 . Consequently,
1000
N (t) = 1900 − 1400e−kt .
Solving for P we see that
  On the other hand, the value of k is deter-
5 mined by the population size in year 2000
P = 1.25 × 10 1 − e−0.8
∼ $68833.
when N (10) = 1200, for then

007 10.0 points 700 = 1400e−10k .

Scientists began studying the elk popula- Taking logs of both sides we thus see that
tion in Yellowstone Park in 1990 when there 1  
were 500 elk. They determined that t years k = ln 2 .
10
after the study began the population size,
N (t), was increasing at a rate proportional to In year 2010, therefore,
1900 − N (t). If the population was 1200 in
year 2000, estimate the size of the elk popula- N (20) = 1900 − 1400e−2 ln 2 .
tion in year 2010?
Hence, in year 2010,
1. population size ≈ 1570
population size ≈ 1550 .

2. population size ≈ 1530

3. population size ≈ 1550 correct