james (jaj4329) – HW 07.

8 – rusin – (52435) 1
This print-out should have 9 questions. converges, and if it does, compute its value.
Multiple-choice questions may continue on
the next column or page – find all choices 1. I does not converge
before answering.
4
2. I = −3e− 3
001 10.0 points
4
Find the total area under the graph of 3. I = 3e 3
6 4
y = 4. I = 3e− 3 correct
x3
for x ≥ 1. 4
5. I = e− 3
9
1. Area = Explanation:
2
The integral
2. Area = 4 Z ∞
I= e−x/3 dx
5 4
3. Area =
2 is improper because of the infinite range of
integration. To overcome this we restrict to a
4. Area = 3 correct finite interval of integration and consider the
limit
5. Area = ∞ Z n
lim In , In = e−x/3 dx.
n→∞ 4
7
6. Area = If this limit exists, then we set
2
Z n
Explanation:
I = lim e−x/3 dx.
The total area under the graph for x ≥ 1 is n→∞ 4
an improper integral whose value is the limit
But
Z t
6 Z n in
lim dx .
h
t → ∞ 1 x3 e−x/3 dx = −3 e−x/3
4 4
n 4
o
Now = 3 e− 3 − 3 e−n/3 .
Z t h it
6x−3 dx = −3 x−2 . Since e−n/3 → 0 as n → ∞, the lim In
1 1 n→∞
exists and
Consequently, Z ∞
4
h
−2
i I = e−x/3 dx = 3 e− 3 .
Area = lim 3 1 − t = 3 . 4
t→∞

003 10.0 points

002 10.0 points

Determine if the improper integral Determine if the integral

Z ∞ Z ∞
2x
I = e−x/3 dx I = √ dx
4 4 x2 + 9
 james (jaj4329) – HW 07.8 – rusin – (52435) 2
is convergent or divergent, and if it is conver- Determine if the improper integral
gent, find its value. Z ∞
6
I = dx
3 0 (x + 3)2
1. I =
10
is convergent, and if it is, find its value.
2. I is divergent correct
1. I = 1
2
3. I = 2
5 2. I =
3
1
4. I = 5
5 3. I =
3
1
5. I = 4
2 4. I =
3
3
6. I = 5. I is not convergent
5
Explanation:
6. I = 2 correct
The integral is improper because of the in-
finite range of integration, so Explanation:
t The integral is improper because the in-
2x
Z
I = lim √ dx . terval of integration is infinite. To test for
t→∞ 4 x2 + 9 convergence we thus have to determine if
To evaluate this last integral, set u = x2 + 9.
Z t
6
Then lim It , It = 2
dx ,
t→∞ 0 (x + 3)
du = 2x dx ,
exists.
in which case To evaluate It , set u = x + 3, Then
2x 1 2
Z Z
√ dx = du . du = dx ,
x2 + 9 2 u1/2
while
Thus
Z t x = 0 =⇒ u = 3
2x
√ dx x = t =⇒ u = t+ 3.
4 x2 + 9
h p it p In this case,
= 2 x2 + 9 = 2 t2 + 9 − 10 .
4 t+3 h 6 it+3
6
Z
It = du = − ,
But p 3 u2 u 3
lim t2 + 9 = ∞ .
t→∞ so that
Consequently,  6 
lim It = lim 2− = 2.
t→∞ t→∞ t+3
I is divergent . Consequently, the integral is

convergent and I = 2 .
004 10.0 points
 james (jaj4329) – HW 07.8 – rusin – (52435) 3
. we see that I converges and that

005 10.0 points t

6x 3
Z
I = lim 2 2
dx = .
Determine if the improper integral t→∞ 1 (1 + x ) 2
Z ∞
6x
I = dx 006 10.0 points
1 (1 + x2 )2
Determine if the integral
converges, and if it does, compute its value.
Z ∞
1. I = 6 I = e−3x dx
0

2. I = 3 is convergent, and if it is, find its value.

3. integral doesn’t converge 1. = 3

3
4. I = correct 2. integral is divergent
2
5. I = 2
3. I = −3
Explanation:
The integral
1
∞ 4. I = −
6x
Z
3
I = dx
1 (1 + x2 )2 1
5. I = correct
is improper because of the infinite interval of 3
integration. To overcome this, we truncate
Explanation:
and consider the limit
The integral is improper because of the in-
Z t
6x finite interval of integration. It will be con-
lim It , It = 2 2
dx . vergent if
t→∞ 1 (1 + x )
t
To evaluate It , set u = 1 + x2 . Then
Z
lim e−3x dx
t→∞ 0
du = 2x dx ,
exists. Now
in which case
Z t h 1 it
6x 1
Z Z
dx = 3 du. e−3x dx = − e−3x
(1 + x2 )2 u2 0 3 0

1 1
Thus = − e−3t + .
3 3
t
6x
Z
It = 2 2
dx On the other hand,
1 (1 + x )
h 1 it n1 1 o lim e−3t = 0 .
= 3 − = 3 − . t→∞
1 + x2 1 2 1 + t2
Consequently, I exists and
Consequently, since
1 1
lim = 0, I = .
t→∞ 1 + t2 3
 james (jaj4329) – HW 07.8 – rusin – (52435) 4
But if p > 1, then p − 1 > 0, so
007 10.0 points
1
Determine all the values of p for which the −→ ∞
tp−1
integral
Z 1 as t → 0+, so Ip does not converge for p > 1.
1
Ip = p
dx On the other hand, if p < 1, then p − 1 < 0,
0 x
so
converges, and for those values of p then de-
termine the value of the integral. 1
lim = lim t1−p = 0 .
t → 0+ tp−1 t → 0+
p
1. p < 1, Ip =
1−p Thus Ip converges for p < 1 and
1 1 1−p


2. p ≤ 1, Ip = Ip = lim 1−t
1+p t → 0+ 1 − p

1 1
3. p < 1, Ip = correct = .
1−p 1−p
1 Consequently,
4. p > 1, Ip =
p−1
p Ip converges if and only if p < 1
5. p ≥ 1, Ip =
p+1
and for these values of p
Explanation:
The integral Ip will converge when the limit 1
Ip = .
Z 1
1 1−p
lim dx
t → 0+ t xp

exists. We look at the cases p = 1 and p 6= 1 keywords: IntImproper, IntImproperExam,

separately.
If p = 1, then 008 10.0 points
1 i1 Determine if the improper integral
1
Z h
dx = ln x Z 4
t x t 3 ln(x)
I = dx
= ln 1 − ln(t) = − ln(t) . 0 x
converges, and if it does, compute its value.
Now as a graph of y = ln x shows, ln x → −∞
as x → 0+. Thus
1. I does not converge correct
lim ln t
t → 0+
2. I = 3(ln(4))2
does not exist, so I1 does not converge.
If p 6= 1, then 3
3. I = (ln(4))2
2
1 h x−p+1 i1
1
Z
dx = 3
t xp −p + 1 t 4. I = ln(4)
2
1  1 
= 1 − p−1 .
1−p t 5. I = 3 ln(4)
 james (jaj4329) – HW 07.8 – rusin – (52435) 5
Explanation:
The integral is improper because 1 2
3. I = π
4
ln(x)
lim+ = −∞ , 4. I is divergent
x→0 x
so we have to consider
5. I = 1
4
3 ln(x)
Z
lim+ It , It = dx . Explanation:
t→0 t x
The integral is improper because
To evaluate It , set u = ln(x). Then
sin−1 (x)
lim √ = ∞.
dx x → 1− 1 − x2
du = ,
x
Thus we have to check if
while Z t
8 sin−1 (x)
lim √ dx
x = t =⇒ u = ln(t) , t → 1− 0 1 − x2
x = 4 =⇒ u = ln(4) . is convergent or divergent. To determine
In this case Z
8 sin−1 (x)
√ dx
Z ln(4) h 3 iln(4) 1 − x2
It = 3 u du = u2
ln(t) 2 ln(t) set u = sin−1 (x). Then
3 2 2

1
= (ln(4)) − (ln(t)) . du = √ dx ,
2
1 − x2
On the other hand,
and so
2
lim (ln(t)) = ∞ . Z
8 sin−1 (x)
Z
t → 0+ √ dx = 8 u du = 4u2 + C ,
1−x 2
Consequently,
from which it follows that
I does not converge . Z t
8 sin−1 (x)
√ dx
0 1 − x2
009 10.0 points h it
= 4 (sin−1 (x))2 = 4(sin−1 (t))2 .
Determine if the improper integral 0

1 Now
8 sin−1 (x)
Z
I = √ dx −1 2 π2
lim (sin (t)) = .
0 1 − x2 t → 1− 4
is convergent or divergent, and if convergent, Consequently, I is convergent and
find its value.
I = π2 .
1
1. I =
4

2. I = π 2 correct