Briefly explain based on previous instruction

1) What is Topic?

Topic is the “something” an author chooses to write about is called the topic. The
topic is simply who or what the author is writing about. The topic is always a word, a
phrase, or a name. It is never written as a sentence. The topic is called the subject or the
subject matter. Determining the topic is the important first step in comprehending any
paragraph.

Use the four clues to help determining the topic. The first clues is look for a
heading or title. Even though the heading or title is often the topic, do not assume that
the heading always indicates the exact topic. Heading can sometimes be misleading.
Headings and special print are especially helpful in determining the overall topic of
longer passages. Next is looks for words in special print, such as bold, italics, or color or
some combination, such as bold italics. The third clues is look for repeated words in a
paragraph and the last clues is look for something mentioned at the beginning of the
paragraph and then referred to throughout the paragraph by pronouns or by other words.

2) What is Stated Main Idea?

Stated main idea is the sentence contains the topic. The sentence tells the author’s
most important point about the topic. The sentence makes complete sense by itself. Main
idea and details are not the same. The main idea is general. The stated main idea can be
found directly in the paragraph and comes in the form of a complete sentence. It might
appear at the beginning, in the middle or at the end of the paragraph. The stated main idea
is a complete sentence that describes the author’s overall purpose for writing the paragraph.
when asked for the main idea, they usually respond with a one-word ‘topic’ answer, instead
of an idea, a complete thought or a sentence about the paragraph.

3) What is Implied Main Idea?

The implied main idea is what the author is suggesting without stating it explicitly.
Readers are supposed to formulate their own sentences to express the author’s main point. An
implied main idea is only suggested, it is not clearly stated in one sentence. To figure out an
implied main idea, must look at the supporting details. To find the main idea when it is not
directly stated, we must ask the same questions we’ve already used to find main ideas. Who
or what is the paragraph about? What is the topic? What is the main point the author is trying
to make about the topic? The implied main idea is not clearly or directly stated in any one
sentence in a paragraph. As discussed earlier, it is only suggested or inferred by the author.
Readers have to read the entire paragraph and examine individual details to see how they
relate to the common thread. Since the readers have to formulate the implied main idea, re-
reading and summarising the gist of the paragraph are both helpful at this stage of the
process. Furthermore, the implied main idea must be written in a single sentence and should
only contain the author’s most significant point.