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CHEMISTRY FOR JEE MAIN & ADVANCED

INTRODUCTION
 According to Conductivity Substances are of 2 types
1. Non-Conductor : Those substances which do not show the flow of current or electricity.
Ex. Non - metals, plastic rubber, wood etc.
Exception – Graphite is a non-metal but show conductivity due to motion of free electrons.
2. Conductors – Those substances which show conductivity or flow of current are called conductors and these
are of 2 types :

(a) Metallic Conductor

Those conductor which show conductivity due to motion of free electrons.
Eg. All metals, Graphite

(b) Ionic Condutors : Those conductor which show conductivity due to +

–
movement of free ions. Ions are in free state in the solutions of ionic Cathode Anode
compounds. On passing electric current through the solution, ions move
towards oppositely charged electrodes, i.e., the cation moves towards
Ag+
cathode (negative electrode) and the anion moves towards anode (positive
NO3–
electrode). Due to this reason, they are called cations and anions
respectively. The current flows through the solution due to the
movement of the ions.
Movement of ions through the solution of electrolyte (AgNO3) towards oppositely charged electrodes
DEGREE OF DISSOCIATION
 When an electrolyte is dissolved in a solvent (H2O), it spontaneously dissociates into ions.
 It may dissociate partially ( <<< 1) or sometimes completely (  1)
Ex. NaCl + aq  Na+ (aq) + Cl– (aq)

CH3COOH  – +
 CH3COO (aq) + H (aq)
 The degree of dissociation () of an electrolyte is the fraction of one mole of the electrolyte that has dissociated
under the given conditions.
No.of moles dissociated
=
No. of moles taken initially
 According to Strength Electrolyte are of 2 types :
1. Strong Electrolyte : Those ionic conductors which are completely ionized in aqueous solution are called as
strong electrolyte.
Ex. Na+Cl–, K+Cl–, etc.
For strong electrolyte ionisation is 100%.
i.e. = 1
Ex.
(a) Strong acid H2SO4, HCl, HNO3 HClO4, H2SO5, HBr, HI
(b) Strong base KOH, NaOH, Ba(OH)2 CsOH, RbOH
(c) All water soluble salts NaCl, KCl, CuSO4..........

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CHEMISTRY FOR JEE MAIN & ADVANCED

For example when HCl is added in a solution containing CH3COOH, the following equilibria exists :
CH3COOH(aq.)  CH3COO– (aq.) + H+ (aq.) ...(1)
C - C C (C1 + C)

HCl(aq.)  H+(aq.) + Cl–(aq.) ...(2)

C1 C1 C1
when HCl is added the concentration of
H will increase in solution and therefore
+

equilibrium (1) will shift backward as a

α[C1 + cα] result of which the degree of ionisation of
Ka = CH COOH will decrease
3
1– α

Ex. Calculate concentration of each species at equlibrium containing –

(i) 0.1 M NH4OH only
(ii) 5.35 g/L NH4Cl along with 0.1 M NH4OH (kb = 1.8 × 10–5)
Sol. (i) NH4OH(aq)  NH4+(aq) + OH– (aq)
0.1 – 0.1 0.10.1

0.1 2 kb 1.8 105

kb    = = = 1.8  10 4 = 1.34 × 10–2.
(1   ) C 0.1
  = 0.0134
[NH4+] = [OH–] = c
= × 1.34 × 10–2 = 1.34 × 10–3

(ii) NH4OH  NH4+ + OH–

0.1 – 0.1  (0.1  + 0.1) 0.1

NH4Cl NH4+ + Cl–

0.1 M 0.1 0.1
5.35 g/L
53.5 g

0.1(1   )  0.1
kb =
0.1(1  )

0.1(1  ).1
kb =
(1   )

a<<1  1 +  1 and 1 – 1

kb = 0.1 ×  = 1.8 × 10–5
= 1.8 × 10–4
= 0.00018

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 IONIC EQUILIBRIUM

1. A strong electrolyte is defined as a substance which dissociates almost completely into ions in aqueous solution and
hence is a very good conductor of electricity Ex., NaOH, KOH, HCl, H2SO4, NaCl, KNO3 etc.

2. A weak electrolyte is defined as a substance which dissociates to a small extent in aqueous solution and hence
conducts electricity also to a small extent e.g. NH4OH, CH3COOH etc.

3. Degree of dissociation :- The fraction of the total amount of an electrolyte which dissociates into ions is called the
degree of dissociation (),

Number of moles dissociated

i.e. =
Number of moles taken
4. According to Arrhenius concept of acids and bases, an acid is a substance which gives H+ ions in the aqueous
solution whereas a base is a substance which gives OH– ions in the aqueous solution.

5. According to Bronsted-Lowry concept of acids and bases, an acid is a substance which can give a proton and a base
is a substance which accepts a proton.

6. According to Lewis concept of acids and bases, an acid is a substance which can accept a lone pair of electrons
whereas a base is a substance which can donate a lone pair of electrons.

Types of Lewis Bases

•• ••
(i) Neutral molecules containing a lone pair of electrons on the central atom like : NH3, R O H , H 2O : etc. (ii) All
••

negative ions like F–, Cl–, Br–, l–, OH– etc.

Types of Lewis Acids

(i) Molecules having central atom with incomplete octet e.g. BF3, AlCl3 etc.

(ii) Simple cations e.g. Ag+ , Cu2+, Fe3+ etc.

(iii) Molecules having central atom with empty d-orbitals e.g. SnCl4, SiF4, PF5 etc.

(iv) Molecules containing multiple bonds between different atoms e.g. O = C = O.

7. According to Ostwald's dilution law, for the solution of a weak electrolyte with concentration
C, mol L–1 and  as the degree of dissociation,

Cα 2
Ka =  Cα 2 or  = Ka / C = K a V
1–α

Strength of acid HA1 K a1

8. Relative strength of two weak acids is given by =
Strength of acid HA 2 Ka2
9. Ionic product of water, Kw = [H+] [OH–] or [H3O+] [OH–]. Its value at 25°C = 10–14

10. pH = –log [H3O+], pOH = –log [OH–], pKa = –log Ka, pKb = – log Kb

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CHEMISTRY FOR JEE MAIN & ADVANCED

SOLVED EXAMPLES
Ex. 1 Stomach acid is a solution of HCl with concentration of 2.2 × 10–3 M. what is the pH of stomach acid :
(A) 3.92 (B) 2.65 (C) 4.92 (D) 1.92
Sol. (B)
HCl is 100 % ionised so
[H3O+] = 2.2 × 10–3 M
pH = – log (2.2 × 10–3 M) or pH = 2.65

Ex. 2 Calculate the [H3O+] of blood, the pH of which is 7.2 (slightly basic).
(A) 5 × 10–8 M (B) 6.3 × 10–8 M (C) 5 × 10–9 M (D) 4 × 10–7 M
Sol. (B)
As pH = 7.2 so [H3O+] = antilog (–7.2) = 6.3 × 10–8 M

Ex. 3 The pH of an aqueous solution at 25°C made up to 0.3 M, with respect to NaOH and 0.5 M, with respect to acetic acid
(pKa = 4.76) would be nearly :
(A) 4.25 (B) 4.93 (C) 4.75 (D) 5.05
Sol. (B)
[acid]
pH = pKa – log
[salt]
0.3 M NaOH will react with acid to form 0.3 M CH3COONa and therefore CH3COOH concentration will be reduced to 0.2 M.
0.2
pH = 4.76 – log = 4.93
0.3
Ex. 4 Calculate the pOH and pH of a 0.1 M CH3COO– solution (Ka = 1.8 × 10–5).
CH COO– + H O   CH COOH + OH
–
3 2 3
(A) 6.12, 7.88 (B) 4.12, 9.88 (C) 5.13, 8.87 (D) none of the above
Sol. (C)
1 1
pH =7+ pKa + log C
2 2
1 1
=7+ × 4.74 + log (0.1)
2 2
pH = 8.87
pOH = 14 – 8.87 = 5.13

Ex. 5 The pH of a solution of NH3 is 5.806. If its concentration is 0.95 M then what is the value of its dissociation constant ?
(A) anti log [28 + log (0.95) – 23.242] (B) anti log [11.612 – log (0.95) – 28]
(C) anti log [11.612 – log (0.95) – 14] (D) anti log [14 + log (0.95) – 11.612]
Sol. (B)
1 1
Since pH = 14 – pOH and pOH = pKb – log C
2 2
1 1
or pH = 14 – pKb + log C
2 2
1
or pKb = 2 (14 + log C – pH)
2
or Kb = antilog [11.612 – log (0.95) – 28]

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CHEMISTRY FOR JEE MAIN & ADVANCED

Exercise # 1 [Single Correct Choice Type Questions]

1. In the following reaction HC2O4– (aq) + PO43–(aq) HPO42–(aq) + C2O42–(aq), which are the two Bronsted bases?
(A) HC2O4– and PO43– (B) HPO42– and C2O42– (C) HC2O4– and HPO42– (D) PO43– and C2O42–

2. Boric acid H3BO3 is a :

(A) Arrhenius acid (B) Bronsted acid (C) Lewis acid (D) All of these

3. The following equilibrium is established when HClO4 is dissolved in weak acid HF.
HF + HClO4 ClO4– + H2F+
Which of the following is correct set of conjugate acid base pair ?
(A) HF and HClO4 (B) HF and ClO4– (C) HF and H2F+ (D) HClO4 & H2F+

4. Identify the amphoteric species from the following :

(I) H2O (II) NH3 (III) H2PO4– (IV) HCO3–
(A) ,  (B) , IV (C) , ,  (D)V

5. The following equilibrium is established when hydrogen chloride is dissolved in acetic acid
HCl (aq) + CH3COOH (aq) Cl– (aq) + CH3 COOH2+(aq).
The set that characterises the conjugate acid-base pairs is
(A) (HCl, CH3COOH) and (CH3COOH2+, Cl–) (B) (HCl, CH3COOH2+) and (CH3COOH, Cl–)
+ –
(C) (CH2COOH2 , HCl) and (Cl , CH3COOH) (D) (HCl, Cl–) and (CH3COOH2+, CH3COOH).

6. Which of the following relations is correct ?

(A) Gº = RT ln Keq (B) [H3O+] = 10pH
Kw 2 Hº 1  1 
(C) log Kw = 2.303 R  T  T  (D) [OH–] = 10–7, for pure water at all temperatures.
1  1 2

7. pOH of H2O is 7.0 at 298 K . If water is heated at 350 K, which of the following statement should be true?
(A) pOH will decrease.
(B) pOH will increase.
(C) pOH will remain 7.0.
(D) concentration of H+ ions will increase but that of OH will decrease.

8. Kw of H2O at 373 K is 1 × 10–12. Identify which of the following is incorrect.

(A) pKw of H2O is 12 (B) pH of H2O is 6 (C) H2O is neutral (D) H2O is acidic

9. Which of the following expression is not true ?

(A) [H+] = [OH] = K W for a neutral solution at all temperatures.
(B) [H+] > K W & [OH] < K W for an acidic solution
(C) [H+] < K W & [OH] > K W for an alkaline solution
(D) [H+] = [OH] = 107 M for a neutral solution at all temperatures .

10. Which of the following is incorrect ?

(A) Ka (weak acid). Kb (conjugate weak base) = Kw
(B) Ka (strong acid). Kb (conjugate weak base) = Kw
(C) Ka (weak acid). Kb (weak base) = Kw
(D) Ka (weak acid). Kb (conjugate strong base) = Kw

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CHEMISTRY FOR JEE MAIN & ADVANCED

Exercise # 2 Part # I [Multiple Correct Choice Type Questions]

1. If Ka1 and Ka2 of H2SO4 are 10–2 and 10–6 respectively then
(A) Ka1 > Ka2 because it is easy to abstract H+ from H2SO4 and less easy to abstract H+ from HSO4–.
(B) Ka1and Ka2 may be measured in acetic acid.
(C) Ka1 and Ka2 are measured in H2O.
(D) the H+ ion conc. of 0.01 M H2SO4 will be less than 0.02 M.

2. Which of the following solutions when added to 1L of a 0.01 M CH3COOH solution will cause no change in the
degree of dissociation of CH3COOH and pH of the solution ? Ka = 1.6 × 10–5 for CH3COOH?
(A) 0.6 mM HCOOH (Ka = 8 × 10–4) (B) 0.1 M CH3COONa
(C) 0.4 mM HCl (D) 0.01 M CH3COOH

3. Ka values for HA, HB and HD are 10-5, 10-7 and 10-9 respectively. Which of the following will be correct for decimolar
aqueous solutions of NaA, NaB and NaD at 250C?
(A) (pH)NaA < (pH)NaB (B) (pH)NaD < (pH)NaB (C) (pH)NaA < (pH)NaD (D) (pH)NaB = 7

4. 0.1 M CH3COOH is diluted at 25°C (Ka = 1.8 × 10–5), then which of the following will be found correct
(A) [H+] will increase (B) pH will increase
(C) number of H+ will increase (D) all the above are correct

5. Degree of hydrolysis for a salt of strong acid and weak base is

(A) independent of dilution
(B) increases with dilution
(C) increases with decrease in Kb of the bases
(D) decreases with decrease in temperature.

6. Equal volumes of following solutions are mixed, in which case the pH of resulting solution will be average value of
pH of two solutions.
(A) Aqeous HCl of pH = 2, aqueous NaOH of pH = 12
(B) Aqeous HCl of pH = 2, aqueous HCl of pH = 4
(C) Aqeous NaOH of pH = 12, aqueous NaOH of pH = 10
(D) Aqeous CH3COOH of pH = 5, aqueous NH3 of pH = 9. [Ka (CH3COOH) = Kb (NH3)]

7. Which statement is/are correct:

(A) All Bronsted bases are also Lewis bases
(B) All Bronsted acids are not Lewis acids
(C) All cations are acids and anions are bases
(D) All of these

8. Acetic acid and propionic acid have Ka values 1.75 × 10–5 and 1.3 × 10–5 respectively at a certain temperature. An
equimolar solution of a mixture, of the two acids is partially neutralised by NaOH. How is the ratio of the contents
of acetate and propionate ions related to the Ka values and the molarity:
   1.75   
(A)      , where  and  are ionised fractions of their acids
 1    1.3  1  
(B) The ratio is unrelated to the Ka values.
(C) The ratio is unrelated to the molarity of acid.
(D) The ratio is unrelated to the pH of the solution.

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CHEMISTRY FOR JEE MAIN & ADVANCED

Exercise # 3 Part # I [Matrix Match Type Questions]

1. (Use log 1.8 = 0.26, Ka of formic acid = 1.8 × 10–4, Ka of acetic acid = 1.8 × 10–5, Kb of ammonia=1.8×10–5, Ka1 of
H2S = 10–7 and Ka2 of H2S = 10–14, for the following matchings)
Match the entries of column II for which the equality or inequality given in the column I are satisfied.
Column I Column II
–5
(A) 10 M HCl solution > 0.1 M H2S solution (p) water ( degree of dissociation of water)
(B) CH3COOH solution at pH equal to 4.74
= NH4OH solution at pH equal to 9.26 (q) [OH–]
(C) 0.1 M CH3COOH solution
= 1.0 M HCOOH solution (r) (degree of dissociation)
(D) 0.1 M of a weak acid HA1(Ka = 10–5) solution
< 0.01 M of a weak acid HA2(Ka = 10–6) solution (s) pH

2. Match the effect of addition of 1 M NaOH to 50 ml of 1 M H2C2O4 (diprotic acid) in column I with column II (Given:
Ka1 = 10–4, Ka2 = 10–9)
Column I Column II
(A) 25 mL of NaOH (p) Buffer solution
(B) 50 mL of NaOH (q) pH is independent of concentration of species
present in the solution.
(C) 75 mL of NaOH (r) anionic hydrolyisis
(D) 100 mL of NaOH (s) pH > 7

3. Match the correct value of Ksp expression in term of solubility (s)

Column-I Column-II
3
(A) Al2O3 (p) 4s
(B) CaO (q) 27s4
(C) Al(OH)3 (r) 108s5
(D) CaF2 (s) s2

4. Match the effect of addition of 1 M NaOH to 100 mL 1 M CH3COOH (in Column I) with pH (in Column II) :
Column-I Column-II
(A) 25 mL of NaOH (p) pKa
(B) 50 mL of NaOH (q) pKa + log 3
(C) 75 mL of NaOH (r) pKa – log 3
1
(D) 100 mL of NaOH (s) [pKw + pKa – log 2]
2
5. When we titrate sodium carbonate solution (in beaker) with hydrochloric acid.
Column-I Column-II
(A) At the start of titration (p) Buffer solution of HCO3– and CO32–
(B) Before the first equivalent point (q) Buffer solution of H2CO3and HCO3–
(C) At the first equivalent point (r) Amphiprotic anion,
pH = 1/2(pKa + pKa )
1 2
2–
(D) Between the first and second equivalent (s) Hydrolysis of CO3
points

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 IONIC EQUILIBRIUM

Exercise # 4 [Subjective Type Questions]

1. Calculate the change in pH when 4 gm of solid NaOH & 10 mmol of H2SO4 are added to a solution of volume 5 litre,
which was prepared by mixing 20 mmol of HCl, 40 mmol of H2SO4 and 2 gm of NaOH and sufficient water. Ignore the
volume change. (log 2 = 0.3, log 3 = 0.48)

2. If both the functional groups of salicylic acid, HOC6H4COOH, ionise in water, with Ka = 1 × 10–3 for the –COOH group
and 4.2 × 10 –13 for the –OH group, calculate pH of the saturated solution of the acid.
(Solubility of salicylic acid in water = 1.725 g/L, log 2 = 0.3).
3. A solution is prepared by mixing of acetic acid (Ka = 2 × 10–5) and HCl. In the mixture acetic acid is 0.2 M and HCl is
0.1 M. Calculate
(i) pH of 0.2 M acetic acid and its degree of dissociation.
(ii) pH of final solution.
(iii) CH3COO– ion concentration in final solution.
(iv) % decrease of  of acetic acid due to common ion effect.

4. If the acid-base reaction HA(aq) + B¯(aq) HB(aq) + A¯(aq) has a Keq. = 10–4, which of the following statements
are true ?
(i) HB is stronger acid than HA (ii) HA is stronger acid than HB
(iii) HA and HB have the same acidity (iv) B¯ is stronger base than A¯
(v) A¯ is stronger base than B¯ (vi) B¯ and HB are conjugate acid-base pair
(vii) the acid and base strengths connot be compared
5. A 1 litre solution of pH = 6 (solution of a strong acid) is added to the 7/3 litre of water. What is the pH of resulting
solution. (log 2 = 0.3) (Neglect the common ion effect on H2O).
6. If the equilibrium constant for the reaction of weak acid HA with strong base is 109, then pH of 0.1 M Na A is
7. Ka for ascorbic acid (HAsc) is 5  10 5. Calculate the hydrogen ion concentration and percentage hydrolysis in an
aqueous solution in which concentration of Asc ions is 0.02 M .

8. The ionization constant of nitrous acid is 4.5 × 10–4. Calculate the pH of 0.04 M sodiums nitrite solution and also its
degree of hydrolysis.
9. Consider a solution of monoprotic weak acid having dissociation constant Ka. What is the minimum concentration
C in terms of Ka , such that the concentration of the undissociated acid can be equated to C within a 10% limit of
error. Assume that activity coefficient corrections are negligigible.
10. How many mole of Ca(OH)2 must be dissolved to produce 250 mL of an aqueous solution of pH 10.65, assuming
complete dissociation ?
11. A typical aspirin tablet contains 324 mg of aspirin (acetyl salicylic acid C9H8O4) a monoprotic acid having
Ka = 3.0 × 10–4. What is the degree of dissociation and pH of the solution if two aspirin tables are dissolved to
prepare 300 mL solution in water.
12. The ionization constant of dimethyl amine is 5.4 × 10–4. Calculate its degree of ionization in its 0.02 M solution. What
percentage of dimethyl amine is ionized if the solution is also 0.1 M in NaOH ?
13. Calculate the degree of ionization of 0.05 M acetic acid if its pKa value is 4.74. How is the degree of dissociation
affected when its solution is also (a) 0.01 M and (b) 0.1 M in hydrochloric acid ?

14. Phenol (C6H5OH, Ka = 1.3 × 10–10) is a weak acid used in mouth washes and pyridine (C5H5N, Kb =1.8×10–9) is a weak
base used as a solvent. Calculate the value of Kn for neutralizatin of phenol by pyridine. Does the neutralisation
reaction proceed veryfar towards completion ?

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 IONIC EQUILIBRIUM

Exercise # 5 Part # I [Previous Year Questions] [AIEEE/JEE-MAIN]

1. Species acting as both bronsted acid and base is [AIEEE-2002]

(1) HSO4– (2) Na2CO3 (3) NH3 (4) OH–

2. 1 M NaCl and 1 M HCl are present in an aqueous solution. The solution is [AIEEE-2002]
(1) not a buffer solution with pH < 7 (2) not a buffer solution with pH > 7
(3) a buffer solution with pH < 7 (4) a buffer solution with pH > 7

3. The solubility of Mg(OH)2 is s moles/litre. The solubility product under the same condition is [AIEEE-2002]
(1) 4S3 (2) 3S4 (3) 4S2 (4) S3.

4. Which one of the following statements is not true? [AIEEE-2003]

(1) The conjugate base of H2PO4– is HPO42–.
(2) pH + pOH = 14 for all aqueous solutions at 25ºC.
(3) The pH of 1 × 10–8 M HCl is 8.
(4) 96, 500 coulombs of electricity when passed through a CuSO4 solution deposits 1 gram equivalent of copper at
the cathode.

5. The solubility in water of a sparingly soluble salt AB2 is 1.0 × 10–5 mol L–1. Its solubility product will be :
[AIEEE-2003]
–15 –10 –15 –10
(1) 4 × 10 (2) 4 × 10 (3) 1 × 10 (4) 1 × 10 .

6. When rain is accompanied by a thunderstorm, the collected rain water will have a pH value. [AIEEE-2003]
(1) slightly lower than that of rain water without thunderstorm
(2) slightly higher than that when the thunderstorm is not there
(3) uninfluenced by occurrence of thunderstorm
(4) which depends on the amount of dust in in air.

7. The conjugate base of H2PO4– is [AIEEE-2004]

(1) PO43– (2) P2O5 (3) H3PO4 (4) HPO42–

8. The molar solubility (in mol L–1) of a sparingly soluble salt MX4 is s. The corresponding solubility product is Ksp.. s
is given in terms of Ksp by the relation [AIEEE-2004]
(1) s = (Ksp/128)1/4 (2) s = (128Ksp)1/4 (3) s = (256Ksp)1/5 (4) s = (Ksp/256)1/5

9. The solubility product of a salt having general formula MX2, in water is : 4 × 10–12. The concentration of M2+ ions in
the saturated aqueous solution of the salt is : [AIEEE-2005]
–6 –4 –4 –10
(1) 2.0 × 10 M (2) 1.0 × 10 M (3) 1.6 × 10 M (4) 4.0 × 10 M

10. What is the conjugate base of OH– ? [AIEEE-2005]

– 2–
(1) O2 (2) H2O (3) O (4) O
11. Hydrogen ion concentration in mol/L in a solution of pH = 5.4 will be [AIEEE-2005]
(1) 3.98 × 108 (2) 3.88 × 106 (3) 3.68 × 10–6 (4) 3.98 × 10–6

12. The first and second dissociation constants of an acid H2A are 1.0 × 10–5 and 5.0 × 10–10 respectively. The overall
dissociation constant of the acid will be [AIEEE-2007]
(1) 5.0 × 10–15 (2) 0.2 × 105 (3) 5.0 × 10–5 (4) 5.0 × 1015

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 IONIC EQUILIBRIUM

MOCK TEST

SECTION - I : STRAIGHT OBJECTIVE TYPE

1. The following equilibrium is established when hydrogen chloride is dissolved in acetic acid
HCl (aq) + CH3COOH (aq) Cl– (aq) + CH3 COOH2+(aq).
The set that characterises the conjugate acid-base pairs is
(A) (HCl, CH3COOH) and (CH3COOH2+, Cl–) (B) (HCl, CH3COOH2+) and (CH3COOH, Cl–)
(C) (CH2COOH2+, HCl) and (Cl–, CH3COOH) (D) (HCl, Cl–) and (CH3COOH2+, CH3COOH).

2. The following equilibrium is established when HClO4 is dissolved in weak acid HF.
HF + HClO4 ClO4– + H2F+
Which of the following is correct set of conjugate acid base pair ?
(A) HF and HClO4 (B) HF and ClO4– (C) HF and H2F+ (D) HClO4 & H2F+

3. Identify the amphoteric species from the following :

(I) H2O (II) NH3 (III) H2PO4– (IV) HCO3–
(A) ,  (B) , IV (C) , ,  (D)

4. Which of the following relations is correct ?

(A) Gº = RT ln Keq (B) [H3O+] = 10pH
Kw 2 Hº 1 1 
(C) log Kw = 2.303 R  T  T  (D) [OH–] = 10–7, for pure water at all temperatures.
1  1 2

5. Which of the following is incorrect ?

(A) Ka (weak acid). Kb (conjugate weak base) = Kw
(B) Ka (strong acid). Kb (conjugate weak base) = Kw
(C) Ka (weak acid). Kb (weak base) = Kw
(D) Ka (weak acid). Kb (conjugate strong base) = Kw

6. Ka for the acid HA is 1 × 10–6. The value of K for the reaction A– + H3O+ HA + H2O is
(A) 1 × 10–6 (B) 1 × 1012 (C) 1 × 10–12 (D) 1 × 106

7. The pKa value of NH4 is 9. The pKb value of NH4OH would be :

(A) 9 (B) 5 (C) 7 (D) 8

8. Which of the following solution will have a pH exactly equal to 8 ?

(A) 10–8 M HCl solution at 25ºC (B) 10–8 M H+ solution at 25ºC
–6
(C) 2 × 10 M Ba(OH)2 solution at 25ºC (D) 10–5 M NaOH solution at 25ºC

9. Which of the following solution will have pH close to 1.0 ?

(A) 100 ml of M/10 HCl + 100 ml of M/10 NaOH (B) 55 ml of M/10 HCl + 45 ml of M/10 NaOH
(C) 10 ml of M/10 HCl + 90 ml of M/10 NaOH (D) 75 ml of M/5 HCl + 25 ml of M/5 NaOH.

10. 0.1mol HCl is dissolved in distilled water of volume V then at lim V  (pH)solution is equal to
(A) zero (B) 1 (C) 7 (D) 14

397
 11th Class Modules Chapter Details

Physics Chemistry Mathematics

5 5 5
Modules Modules Modules

PHYSICS CHEMISTRY MATHEMATICS

Module-1 Module-1(PC) Module-1

1. Physical World and Units 1. Mole Concept 1. Basic Maths and Logarithm
& Dimensions 2. Atomic Structure 2. Quadratic Equation
2. Basic Maths & Vector 3. Chemical Bonding 3. Sequence and Series
3. Kinematics 4. Gaseous State
Module-2
Module-2 Module-2(PC) 1. Trigonometric Ratio and
1. Thermodynamics Identities
1. Newton’s Law of Motion 2. Trigonometric Equation
& Friction 2. Thermochemistry
3. Chemical Equilibrium 3. Properties & Solution
2. Work, Energy & Power of Triangle
4. Ionic Equilibrium
Module-3 Module-3
Module-3(IC)
1. Centre of Mass & Collisions 1. Periodic Table & Its Properties 1. Permutation & Combination
2. Rotational Motion 2. Redox Reaction & Equivalent 2. Binomial Theorum
3. Gravitation Concepts 3. Complex Number
3. Hydrogen & Its Components
Module-4 4. S-Block Module-4
1. Straight Line
1. Mechanical Properties 2. Circle
of Matter Module-4(OC)
1. Nomenclature of 3. Conic Section
2. Thermal Properties of Matter (Parabola,Ellipse & Hyperbola)
Organic Compounds
Module-5 2. Isomerism
3. General Organic Chemistry Module-5
1. Simple Harmonic Motion 1. Mathematical Induction
2. Wave Motion Module-5(OC) 2. Mathematical Reasoning
3. Measurement Error 1. Reaction Mechanism 3. Statistics
& Experiment 2. Hydrocarbon
3. Aromatic Hydrocarbon
4. Environmental Chemistry

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 12th Class Modules Chapter Details

Physics Chemistry Mathematics

5 5 5
Modules Modules Modules

PHYSICS CHEMISTRY MATHEMATICS

Module-1 Module-1(PC) Module-1

1. Solid State 1. Sets & Relation
1. Electrostatics
2. Solutions and 2. Function
2. Capacitance
Colligative Properties 3. Inverse Trigonometric Function
3. Electro Chemistry 4. Probability
Module-2
1. Current Electricity Module-2(PC) Module-2
2. Magnetic Effect of Current 1. Chemical Kinetics and
and Magnetism Nuclear Chemistry 1. Limit
2. Surface Chemistry 2. Continuity
Module-3 3. Differentiability
Module-3(IC) 4. Method of Differentiation
1. Electromagnetic Induction
2. Alternating Current 1. Metallurgy
2. P- Block Module-3
Module-4 3. Transition Elements 1. Indefinite Integration
(d & f block) 2. Definite Integration
1. Geometrical Optics 4. Co-ordination Compound 3. Area Under the Curve
2. Wave Optics 5. Salt Analysis & Qualitative
Analysis Module-4
Module-5
Module-4(OC) 1. Application of Derivative
1. Modern Physics
1. Alkyl Halides & Aryl Halides 2. Matrix
2. Nuclear Physics
2. Alcohol, Phenol & Ether 3. Determinant
3. Solids & Semiconductor
Devices 3. Carbonyl Compound
Module-5
4. Electromagnetic Waves
5. Principle of Communication Module-5(OC) 1. Differential Equation
1. Carboxylic Acid & Their 2. Vector & 3-Dimensional
Derivatives
2. Biomolecules & Polymers
3. Chemistry in Everyday Life

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