1.

(i) Burning: no solid waste (which is expensive to dispose of) / no landfill

needed / energy recycled (1);
burying: no environmental issues with gas emissions from burning AW /
non-biodegradable therefore no threat to environment AW (1). 2

(ii) (Heat under) reflux (1);

(moderately concentrated) hydrochloric acid or sodium hydroxide
(accept sulphuric acid) (1). 2

– + –
(iii) BrO3 (aq) + 6H (aq) + 5Br (aq) → 3Br2(aq) + 3H2O(l)
correct chemical species (1);
balanced may be ×2 (1).
Ignore state symbols. 2
[6]

2 6 10 2
2. 3s 3p 3d 4s (2);
20 electrons added (1);
correct arrangement of orbitals, allow if 3d written after 4s (1).
rd
3 ionisation energy of Zn too high/too much energy needed to
rd
remove an electron from/break into 3 shell AW (1) 3
[3]

e 3. (a) (i) A molecule is eliminated (often water) in the reaction AW (1);

A big molecule/long chain forms from smaller molecules/
monomers AW (1)
Do not accept ‘polymer’ for long chain etc. 2

(ii)

C C O 2 ) 4 ( C H O
n
O O

o r

O O
n
ester link correct (1);
detail correct (1). 2

(iii)
Bishop Thomas Grant School 1
 C O

O (1). 1

(b) One mark each for the two points in bold and then any one
other up to a total of 3 marks:
Polymers have crystalline/ordered and amorphous areas (1);
in flexible/thermoplastic polymers chains can move past each other (1);
when temperature is lowered/ temperature drops below Tg /
then chains/structure eventually become(s) ‘frozen’/have less energy (1);
intermolecular forces unable to be broken therefore chains can no
longer slide past each other (1);
if force is applied chains can’t move so material breaks (1). 3

(d) Use of copolymers/mixture of monomers (1);

use of plasticisers/molecular lubricants (1). 2
[10]

4. (a) Full detail needed for 2 marks

H H

H O C C O H

H H (2)
Two –OH groups on C chain (1);
correct C chain (1). 2

(b) (i) 1,6-diaminohexane (2);

aminohexane/hexyldiamine (1);
1,6-di (1). 2

(ii) The two molecules add/react/join together and eliminate (1);

a molecule of water (1). 2

(c) One mark for the point in bold and then any one other:
Nylons have hydrogen bonding between the chains/nylons can
hydrogen bond to polyester chains (1);
hydrogen bonding is much stronger than (permanent dipole-permanent dipole)
forces between polyester chains AW (1);
greater energy/force will be needed to separate polymer chains in nylons (1). 2
[8]

5. (i)

Bishop Thomas Grant School 2

 3 +
O 2H
2 H O O 2H
T i
H 2O H 2 O
O 2H

6 water molecules around Ti in correct shape and charge correct (1);

O shown bonded to Ti (1);
octahedral shape (1). 3

(ii) Two different arrangements/isomers of ligands around central ion (1);

show structures of the cis and trans isomers using diagrams/ describe
the two isomers e.g. chlorines may be adjacent or opposite or
describe cis-trans isomers (1). 2
[5]

6. One mark each for points in bold and then any three others up to a
total of 6 marks:
Pencil line near bottom;
of plate;
dissolve acetanilide in ethanol;
spot sample of mixture on line;
solvent in beaker below sample not ethanol;
cover beaker (with lid/film);
leave until solvent front nears top of plate;
remove and dry plate;
(UV light or iodine) to locate (use of locating agent);
use of a standard compound to identify acetanilide/ Rf values the same /
spots the same height. 6
QWC
Award the mark if there is only one error in spelling, punctuation
or grammar in any two relevant sentences. 1
[7]

7. Moles of edta solution = (Concentration × volume) 0.100 × 22.00/1000 (1);

moles of edta = moles of Ni(II) (1);
concentration of Ni(II) = 0.00220 × 1000/25.00 (1);
–2
= 0.0880 / 8.80 × 10 3 sig figs (1). 4
[4]

Bishop Thomas Grant School 3

 8. (i) Infrared frequencies are absorbed by molecules causing bonds to vibrate
(faster) AW (1);
different bonds/functional groups give peaks at different frequencies (1);
–1
C=O 1735–1750 cm (1);
–1
C–O 1050–1300 cm (1). 4

(ii) Hydroxyl/alcohol/OH group (1);

–1
O–H peak/absorption at 3200–3600 cm (1). 2
[6]

9. (a) Variable oxidation states (1). 1

(b)
-
O O 2 C H C 2HC O- O
N C 2H H 2 N C
-
O O 2C H C 2HC O- O
1 mark for 6 marked sites (1);
all correct (1). 2

(c) Octahedral (1). 1

[4]

10. (i)
3 +
O 2H
2 H O O 2H
V
H 2O H 2 O
O 2H

Octahedral arrangement of ligands (1);

O in H2O bonded to V for all ligands (1).
Ignore charge on ion. 2

Bishop Thomas Grant School 4

 (ii)
3 d 4 s
V

3 +
V
Correct arrangement for V (1);
3+
correct arrangement for V (1). 2
[4]

2 6 10 1 1 10
11. (a) (i) 3s 3p 3d 4s (or 4s 3d )
1 mark for adding 19 electrons and orbitals named correctly (1);
I mark for correct configuration (1). 2

(ii) 4s orbital 1

–
(iii) CH3COO (1) 1

(b) (i)
2 +
O 2H
H 2O 2 O H
C u
H 2O 2 O H
O 2H

r e p r e s e n t s d a t iv e c o v a le n t b o n d
or O: →
formula of ion including charge (1);
all 6 O atoms bonded to the Cu (1);
shape of ion (1);
bonding given (1), 4

2+ –
(ii) Cu (aq ) + 2OH (aq) → Cu(OH)2(s)
formulae correct (1)
correct state symbols for a precipitation reaction (1). 2

(iii) Dissolves AW (1);

dark/royal blue (1). 2

Bishop Thomas Grant School 5

 (c) Copper(II) ions absorb red light / red light excites electrons (1);
Light not absorbed/transmitted is blue (1). 2
[14]

12. (a) Improve properties / demand greater than nature can supply / reduce cost (1). 1
(b)
H O

H N 2 5 ( C H ) C O H
-COOH allow –COCl (1);
-NH2 (1)
ONE of the groups must have the (CH2)5 for the second mark. 2

(c) (i) 1,4-diaminobutane

diaminobutane allow butyl/butan(e)diamine (1);
1,4 (1).
ecf, 1,6-diaminohexane for 1 mark 2

(ii) Any two from the following four points:

lower Tg/ Tm/ strength/ rigidity ora (2). NOT b.p. nor density. 2

4
(d) (i) 3 × 10 / 198 (1);
150–152 (1) ecf for Mr. 2

(ii) (Secondary) amide (1) NOT peptide. 1

(iii) There will be greater number of hydrogen bonds (1);

between chains (1);
greater energy needed (to enable chains to move/flow) (1). 3

(e) (i)
+
N 3H
+
H 3 N may not be skeletal (1);
O O

H O C2 4 ( C (1).
H ) C O H
ecf for C chain from (b). 2

Bishop Thomas Grant School 6

 (ii)
H H
O δ–
O
H H δ+ H δ+

N δ
–
N

H
O δ–

H δ
+
H
O
Any one of the three atom arrangements above (1);
Correct partial charges (1). 2
[17]

13. (a) E condensation

F condensation
G condensation
H addition
all correct (2);
one incorrect (1). 2

(b) Ester (1). 1

(c) Biodegradable AW (1). 1

(d) Any five from the following six marking points

Hydrogen-bonding is stronger than permanent dipole-permanent
dipole forces which are stronger than instantaneous dipole-induced
dipole forces / hydrogen bonding is the strongest type of
intermolecular force (1);
H only id-id forces (1);
G + pd-pd forces (1);
E has hydrogen bonding (1);
hydrogen bonding stronger in E than F because of shape/structure
of polymer chains (1);
aramids/benzene rings have flat molecules/ can get very close/ more
hydrogen bonds per unit length (1). 5
QWC (1). 1

(e) (i) aqueous acid / alkali NOT concentrated OR weak acid (1);
(heat under) reflux (1). 2

Bishop Thomas Grant School 7

 (ii)

H O2C H 2 O HC H H O O C C O O H

–
If alkali is used then the COOH group should be written as COO :
1 mark for each stucture (2). 2

(f) At low temperatures polymers may become brittle/AW (1);

temperature below polymer Tg (1);
due to chains unable to move over each other (without breaking)/
chain movement not possible (without breaking) (1). 3
[17]

14. (i) Outer electron structure of cobalt is d7 s2 / full outer s level/

only 7 electrons in d level (1);
cobalt’s outer electrons are in the 3rd and 4th shells AW (1). 2

(ii) Any two marking points from three:

they form ions in different oxidation states / available d orbitals AW (1);
oxidation states can interconvert during the reaction so are
unchanged at the end AW / (can use d orbitals/electrons) to bond
reactants to surface (1);
activation enthalpy/energy is lowered (1). 2

(iii) Liquid state/ allow soluble or in same state as methanol/reactants or

aqueous (1). 1
[5]

15. (i) (Dilute) sulphuric acid (1). 1

–
(ii) Moles of MnO4 = (16.6/1000) × 0.010 = 0.000166 (1);
moles of iron(II) = 5 × (16.6/1000) × 0.010 = 0.000830 (1) ecf;
–3
concentration = 0.0332 mol dm (1) ecf; answer must be to 3 sig. figs. 3
(iii) The first permanent (pale) pink colour (1). 1
[5]

16. (a) Name: water/aqua allow H2O (1);

number: 6 (1);
shape: octahedral (1). 3

Bishop Thomas Grant School 8

 (b) Partly filled/incomplete d shell/energy levels/orbitals (1). 1

(c) (i) Ligand exchange / substitution/displacement (1). 1

(ii) Colorimetry (1). 1
[6]

17. C (1)
because:
–1
(broad) peak at around 3250 (cm ) indicates alcohol or
phenol / OH / hydroxyl group (1)
ignore any reference to carboxylic acid for the 3250 peak
allow a range around 3250
–1
no peak at 1700–1725 (cm ) so no C=O (in –COOH) present (1)
Peaks may be identified on the diagram
ignore all other peaks
[3]

18. (a)
C l

(1)
O

H
N
(1)
1 mark for each structure correct
do not allow missing H atoms if structural formulae are drawn
2

(b) (i) there are (two) different groups on each carbon

of a C=C in neoprene (1)
May be shown in a diagram
these groups can not rotate about the double bond (1)
allow restricted / limited rotation about the double bond
2

Bishop Thomas Grant School 9

 (ii) (less trans linkages) will make the chains less linear / less
regular / less ordered / ORA (1)
allow chains have a kink / are more randomly arranged
so they can not line up / be arranged so regularly / closely
and the crystallinity will be reduced (1)
Note:
st
1 mark is for shape of chain,
nd
2 mark is for relative arrangement of chains.
2

(c) –CONH group / NH group / amide group allows nylon to form

hydrogen bonds with water molecules (1)
no hydrogen bonding in neoprene (1)
water molecules will force chains further apart / chains will not fit as
closely together / AW (1)
ignore chains sliding over each other
chains less crystalline / weaker intermolecular forces so Tg will be
lowered (1)
4

(d)
–
O N +a
H 2 N

O (1)(1)
6 carbon atoms and –NH2 group (1)
–
–COO (1)
allow skeletal or any equivalent / alternative structural formula
do not allow structures with missing H atoms
2
[12]

19. One mark each for points in bold and then any one other up to a total of 5 marks:
Spot small sample of liquid mixture on (base) line (1);
on plate/sheet (1);
solvent in beaker below sample (1);
cover beaker with lid/film (1);
leave until solvent front nears top of plate;
locating spots with iodine/ uv radiation (1);
2 spots seen AW (1).
[5]

Bishop Thomas Grant School 10

 – +
20. (a) (i) 3H2S + 2MnO4 + 2H → 2MnO2 + 3S + 4H2O
(1)
all 4 numbers must be correct
1

(ii) oxidation state = +4 (1)

do not allow 4+ OR 4
1

(b) (i) iron(III) hydroxide (1)

do not allow iron hydroxide / Fe(OH)3
1

3+ –
(ii) Fe (aq) + 3OH (aq) → Fe(OH)3(s)
equation correct (1)
state symbols correct (1)
allow ecf for iron(II) hydroxide in (i)
2
[5]

21. (a)
O O

C C O 2 C C H 2H O

(1); allow without the C within the ring. 1

(b) Burning/combustion (1); Energy produced can be used/reducing landfill (1).

recycling AW(1); oil resources saved AW/reducing landfill (1). 4

(c) (Below Tg) chains do not have enough energy (may describe in
terms of vibration or motion of chains) (1);
to move over/slide over one another (1);
force applied to change shape of polymer will cause ‘frozen’
chains to break AW (1). 3
[8]

Bishop Thomas Grant School 11

22. (a) (i)
O

o n e o f t h e s e o x y g e n s o n l y
O

Ester linkage correct (1);

rest correct (1) ignore brackets. 2

(ii) Intermolecular bonds between chains are greater/stronger

NOT ‘MORE’ (1);
chains are able to get closer (because of the flat ring system) (1). 2

(iii) O–H group present in compound A (1);

–1
will give absorbance at 2500-3200 (cm ) (1) 2

(b) (i) Conc. sulfuric acid / c. H2SO4 (1);

Heat/warm (under reflux)/reflux (1). 2

(ii) Condensation 1

(iii) PET/PEN are formed by condensation reactions whereas

polythene are formed by addition reactions (1);
condensation reactions lead to wasted products because
elimination reactions occur (1);
addition reactions use all reactant atoms (1). 3

(iv) TLC plate showing two dots (1);

Rf = distance moved by spot/distance moved by solvent front (1) 2
[14]

3+
23. (a) (i) [Fe(H2O)6] (1). 1

(ii) Oxidation of Fe(II) ions/Fe(II) ion loses electron/ Fe(II)

converted to Fe(III) (1);
by oxygen/air (1). 2

Bishop Thomas Grant School 12

 3+ –
(iii) Fe (aq) + 3OH (aq) → Fe(OH)3(s)
correct formula for Fe(OH)3 (1);
balanced equation as above (1) ignore spectator ions if balanced;
correct state symbols (1). 3

(b) (i)
O O

C C
– –
O O (1). 1

(ii) Ligand exchange/complex formation/ligand substitution/

Ligand displacement (1). 1

(iii) particular frequencies/wavelengths of light/radiation in visible

region absorbed (1);
hence colour transmitted is light NOT absorbed, (in this case green/
complementary colour is seen (1). 2
[10]

Bishop Thomas Grant School 13